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Rida P, Baker S, Saidykhan A, Bown I, Jinna N. FOXM1 Transcriptionally Co-Upregulates Centrosome Amplification and Clustering Genes and Is a Biomarker for Poor Prognosis in Androgen Receptor-Low Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3191. [PMID: 39335162 PMCID: PMC11429756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
There are currently no approved targeted treatments for quadruple-negative breast cancer [QNBC; ER-/PR-/HER2-/androgen receptor (AR)-], a subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). AR-low TNBC is more proliferative and clinically aggressive than AR-high TNBC. Centrosome amplification (CA), a cancer hallmark, is rampant in TNBC, where it induces spindle multipolarity-mediated cell death unless centrosome clustering pathways are co-upregulated to avert these sequelae. We recently showed that genes that confer CA and centrosome clustering are strongly overexpressed in AR-low TNBCs relative to AR-high TNBCs. However, the molecular mechanisms that index centrosome clustering to the levels of CA are undefined. We argue that FOXM1, a cell cycle-regulated oncogene, links the expression of genes that drive CA to the expression of genes that act at kinetochores and along microtubules to facilitate centrosome clustering. We provide compelling evidence that upregulation of the FOXM1-E2F1-ATAD2 oncogene triad in AR-low TNBC is accompanied by CA and the co-upregulation of centrosome clustering proteins such as KIFC1, AURKB, BIRC5, and CDCA8, conferring profound dysregulation of cell cycle controls. Targeting FOXM1 in AR-low TNBC may render cancer cells incapable of clustering their centrosomes and impair their ability to generate excess centrosomes. Hence, our review illuminates FOXM1 as a potential actionable target for AR-low TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashree Rida
- Department of Science, Rowland Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA; (P.R.)
| | - Sophia Baker
- Department of Science, Rowland Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA; (P.R.)
| | - Adam Saidykhan
- Department of Science, Rowland Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA; (P.R.)
| | - Isabelle Bown
- Department of Science, Rowland Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA; (P.R.)
| | - Nikita Jinna
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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2
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Yan L, Shi J, Zhu J. Cellular and molecular events in colorectal cancer: biological mechanisms, cell death pathways, drug resistance and signalling network interactions. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:294. [PMID: 39031216 PMCID: PMC11265098 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, affecting millions each year. It emerges from the colon or rectum, parts of the digestive system, and is closely linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In CRC, genetic mutations such as APC, KRAS, and TP53, along with epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone modifications, play crucial roles in tumor development and treatment responses. This paper delves into the complex biological underpinnings of CRC, highlighting the pivotal roles of genetic alterations, cell death pathways, and the intricate network of signaling interactions that contribute to the disease's progression. It explores the dysregulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and other cell death mechanisms, underscoring the aberrant activation of these pathways in CRC. Additionally, the paper examines how mutations in key molecular pathways, including Wnt, EGFR/MAPK, and PI3K, fuel CRC development, and how these alterations can serve as both diagnostic and prognostic markers. The dual function of autophagy in CRC, acting as a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on the context, is also scrutinized. Through a comprehensive analysis of cellular and molecular events, this research aims to deepen our understanding of CRC and pave the way for more effective diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Medical Department, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang Affiliated to University of South China, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang Affiliated to University of South China, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jiazuo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xuancheng City Central Hospital, No. 117 Tong Road, Xuancheng, Anhui, China.
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3
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Alhajamee M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Babaei E, Mahdavi M. A biochemical assessment of apoptosis-inducing impact of Salinomycin in combination with ciprofloxacin on human leukemia KG1-a stem-like cells in the presence and absence of insulin. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:807. [PMID: 39002036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-developing invading cancer that impacts the blood and bone marrow, marked by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Chemotherapeutic agents, a primary treatment for AML, encounter clinical limitations such as poor solubility and low bioavailability. Previous studies have highlighted antibiotics as effective in inducing cancer cell death and potentially preventing metastasis. Besides, insulin is known to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, often disrupted in cancers, leading to enhanced cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. In light of the above-mentioned points, we examined the anti-cancer impact of antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CP) and Salinomycin (SAL) and their combination on KG1-a cells in the presence and absence of insulin. METHODS This was accomplished by exposing KG1-a cells to different doses of CP and SAL alone, in combination, and with or without insulin for 24-72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Besides, apoptotic effects were examined using Hoechst staining and Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, p53, BIRC5, Akt, PTEN, and FOXO1 were analyzed through Real-Time PCR. RESULTS CP and SAL demonstrated cytotoxic and notable pro-apoptotic impact on KG1-a cells by upregulating Bax and p53 and downregulating BIRC5, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and prevention of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that combination of CP and SAL promote apoptosis in the KG1-a cell line by down-regulating BIRC5 and Akt, as well as up-regulating Bax, p53, PTEN, and FOXO1. Additionally, the findings strongly indicated that insulin effectively mitigates apoptosis by enhancing Akt expression and reducing FOXO1 and PTEN gene expression in the cells treated with CP and SAL. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the combined treatment of CP and SAL exhibit a strong anti-cancer effect on leukemia KG1-a cells. Moreover, it was discovered that the PI3K-Akt signaling can be a promising target in leukemia treatment particularly in hyperinsulinemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham Alhajamee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Oturkar CC, Rosario SR, Hutson AD, Groman A, Edge SB, Morrison CD, Swetzig WM, Wang J, Park JH, Kaipparettu BA, Singh PK, Kumar S, Cappuccino HH, Ranjan M, Adjei A, Ghasemi M, Goey AK, Kulkarni S, Das GM. ESR1 and p53 interactome alteration defines mechanisms of tamoxifen response in luminal breast cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109995. [PMID: 38868185 PMCID: PMC11166704 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The canonical mechanism behind tamoxifen's therapeutic effect on estrogen receptor α/ESR1+ breast cancers is inhibition of ESR1-dependent estrogen signaling. Although ESR1+ tumors expressing wild-type p53 were reported to be more responsive to tamoxifen (Tam) therapy, p53 has not been factored into choice of this therapy and the mechanism underlying the role of p53 in Tam response remains unclear. In a window-of-opportunity trial on patients with newly diagnosed stage I-III ESR1+/HER2/wild-type p53 breast cancer who were randomized to arms with or without Tam prior to surgery, we reveal that the ESR1-p53 interaction in tumors was inhibited by Tam. This resulted in functional reactivation of p53 leading to transcriptional reprogramming that favors tumor-suppressive signaling, as well as downregulation of oncogenic pathways. These findings illustrating the convergence of ESR1 and p53 signaling during Tam therapy enrich mechanistic understanding of the impact of p53 on the response to Tam therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C. Oturkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spencer R. Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alan D. Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adrianne Groman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B. Edge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Carl D. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wendy M. Swetzig
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Prashant K. Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shicha Kumar
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Helen H. Cappuccino
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manish Ranjan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Araba Adjei
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew K.L. Goey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Swati Kulkarni
- Division of Breast Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gokul M. Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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5
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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Eshraghi R, Shafie D, Raisi A, Goleij P, Mirzaei H. Circular RNAs: a small piece in the heart failure puzzle. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38760573 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, specifically heart failure (HF), remains a significant concern in the realm of healthcare, necessitating the development of new treatments and biomarkers. The RNA family consists of various subgroups, including microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRAN) and long non-coding RNAs, which have shown potential in advancing personalized healthcare for HF patients. Recent research suggests that circular RNAs, a lesser-known subgroup of RNAs, may offer a novel set of targets and biomarkers for HF. This review will discuss the biogenesis of circular RNAs, their unique characteristics relevant to HF, their role in heart function, and their potential use as biomarkers in the bloodstream. Furthermore, future research directions in this field will be outlined. The stability of exosomal circRNAs makes them suitable as biomarkers, pathogenic regulators, and potential treatments for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion injury, HF, and peripheral artery disease. Herein, we summarized the role of circular RNAs and their exosomal forms in HF diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eshraghi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Raisi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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7
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Nakagawa-Saito Y, Mitobe Y, Togashi K, Suzuki S, Sugai A, Takenouchi S, Nakamura K, Sonoda Y, Kitanaka C, Okada M. The MDM2-p53 Axis Represents a Therapeutic Vulnerability Unique to Glioma Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3948. [PMID: 38612758 PMCID: PMC11011437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevention of tumor recurrence by the successful targeting of glioma stem cells endowed with a tumor-initiating capacity is deemed the key to the long-term survival of glioblastoma patients. Glioma stem cells are characterized by their marked therapeutic resistance; however, recent evidence suggests that they have unique vulnerabilities that may be therapeutically targeted. We investigated MDM2 expression levels in glioma stem cells and their non-stem cell counterparts and the effects of the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 on the viability of these cells as well as downstream molecular pathways. The results obtained showed that MDM2 expression was substantially higher in glioma stem cells than in their non-stem cell counterparts and also that the inhibition of MDM2, either genetically or pharmacologically, induced a more pronounced activation of the p53 pathway and apoptotic cell death in the former than in the latter. Specifically, the inhibition of MDM2 caused a p53-dependent increase in the expression of BAX and PUMA and a decrease in the expression of survivin, both of which significantly contributed to the apoptotic death of glioma stem cells. The present study identified the MDM2-p53 axis as a novel therapeutic vulnerability, or an Achilles' heel, which is unique to glioma stem cells. Our results, which suggest that non-stem, bulk tumor cells are less sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors, may help guide the selection of glioblastoma patients suitable for MDM2 inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Nakagawa-Saito
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuta Mitobe
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Keita Togashi
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Asuka Sugai
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Senri Takenouchi
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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8
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Takeda K, Ohta S, Nagao M, Kobayashi E, Tago K, Funakoshi-Tago M. FL118 Is a Potent Therapeutic Agent against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Resistant to BCR-ABL Inhibitors through Targeting RNA Helicase DDX5. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3693. [PMID: 38612503 PMCID: PMC11011477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is induced by the expression of the fused tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, which is caused by a chromosomal translocation. BCR-ABL inhibitors have been used to treat CML; however, the acquisition of resistance by CML cells during treatment is a serious issue. We herein demonstrated that BCR-ABL induced the expression of the RNA helicase DDX5 in K562 cells derived from CML patients in a manner that was dependent on its kinase activity, which resulted in cell proliferation and survival. The knockout of DDX5 decreased the expression of BIRC5 (survivin) and activated caspase 3, leading to apoptosis in K562 cells. Similar results were obtained in cells treated with FL118, an inhibitor of DDX5 and a derivative compound of camptothecin (CPT). Furthermore, FL118 potently induced apoptosis not only in Ba/F3 cells expressing BCR-ABL, but also in those expressing the BCR-ABL T315I mutant, which is resistant to BCR-ABL inhibitors. Collectively, these results revealed that DDX5 is a critical therapeutic target in CML and that FL118 is an effective candidate compound for the treatment of BCR-ABL inhibitor-resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Takeda
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
| | - Satoshi Ohta
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Miu Nagao
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
| | - Erika Kobayashi
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
| | - Kenji Tago
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (K.T.); (M.N.); (E.K.)
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9
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Kondapuram SK, Ramachandran HK, Arya H, Coumar MS. Targeting survivin for cancer therapy: Strategies, small molecule inhibitors and vaccine based therapeutics in development. Life Sci 2023; 335:122260. [PMID: 37963509 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the family of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It is involved in the normal mitotic process and acts as an anti-apoptotic molecule. While terminally differentiated normal tissues lack survivin, several human malignancies have significant protein levels. Resistance to chemotherapy and radiation in tumor cells is associated with survivin expression. Decreased tumor development, apoptosis, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation are all effects of downregulating survivin expression or activity. As a prospective cancer treatment, small molecules targeting the transcription and translation of survivin and molecules that can directly bind with the survivin are being explored both in pre-clinical and clinics. Pre-clinical investigations have found and demonstrated the effectiveness of several small-molecule survivin inhibitors. Unfortunately, these inhibitors have also been shown to have off-target effects, which could limit their clinical utility. In addition to small molecules, several survivin peptide vaccines are currently under development. These vaccines are designed to elicit a cytotoxic T-cell response against survivin, which could lead to the destruction of tumor cells expressing survivin. Some survivin-based vaccines are advancing through Phase II clinical studies. Overall, survivin is a promising cancer drug target. However, challenges still need to be addressed before the survivin targeted therapies can be widely used in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Karani Kondapuram
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Hema Kasthuri Ramachandran
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Hemant Arya
- Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Systems Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India.
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10
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Carlsen L, Zhang S, Tian X, De La Cruz A, George A, Arnoff TE, El-Deiry WS. The role of p53 in anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148389. [PMID: 37602328 PMCID: PMC10434531 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in tumor suppression. p53 mutations mediate tumorigenesis and occur in approximately 50% of human cancers. p53 regulates hundreds of target genes that induce various cell fates including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage repair. p53 also plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating TRAIL, DR5, TLRs, Fas, PKR, ULBP1/2, and CCL2; T-cell inhibitory ligand PD-L1; pro-inflammatory cytokines; immune cell activation state; and antigen presentation. Genetic alteration of p53 can contribute to immune evasion by influencing immune cell recruitment to the tumor, cytokine secretion in the TME, and inflammatory signaling pathways. In some contexts, p53 mutations increase neoantigen load which improves response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Therapeutic restoration of mutated p53 can restore anti-cancer immune cell infiltration and ameliorate pro-tumor signaling to induce tumor regression. Indeed, there is clinical evidence to suggest that restoring p53 can induce an anti-cancer immune response in immunologically cold tumors. Clinical trials investigating the combination of p53-restoring compounds or p53-based vaccines with immunotherapy have demonstrated anti-tumor immune activation and tumor regression with heterogeneity across cancer type. In this Review, we discuss the impact of wild-type and mutant p53 on the anti-tumor immune response, outline clinical progress as far as activating p53 to induce an immune response across a variety of cancer types, and highlight open questions limiting effective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Carlsen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Xiaobing Tian
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Arielle De La Cruz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Andrew George
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Taylor E. Arnoff
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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11
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Li M, Zhang D. DNA methyltransferase-1 in acute myeloid leukaemia: beyond the maintenance of DNA methylation. Ann Med 2022; 54:2011-2023. [PMID: 35838271 PMCID: PMC9291682 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2099578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is considered an essential epigenetic event during leukaemogenesis and the emergence of drug resistance, which is primarily regulated by DNA methyltransferases. DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) is one of the members of DNA methyltransferases, in charge of maintaining established methylation. Recently, DNMT1 is shown to promote malignant events of cancers through the epigenetic and non-epigenetic processes. Increasing studies in solid tumours have identified DNMT1 as a therapeutic target and a regulator of therapy resistance; however, it is unclear whether DNMT1 is a critical regulator in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and how it works. In this review, we summarized the recent understanding of DNMT1 in normal haematopoiesis and AML and discussed the possible functions of DNMT1 in promoting the development of AML and predicting the sensitivity of hypomethylation agents to better understand the relationship between DNMT1 and AML and to look for new hope to treat AML patients.Key messagesThe function of DNA methyltransferase-1 in acute myeloid leukaemia.DNA methyltransferase-1 predicts the sensitivity of drug and involves the emergence of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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12
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Fuller RN, Kabagwira J, Vallejos PA, Folkerts AD, Wall NR. Survivin Splice Variant 2β Enhances Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Resistance to Gemcitabine. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1147-1160. [PMID: 36238134 PMCID: PMC9553431 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s341720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease with poor prognosis, as it is difficult to predict or circumvent, and it develops chemoresistance quickly. One cellular mechanism associated with chemoresistance is alternative splicing dysfunction, a process through which nascent mRNA is spliced into different isoforms. Survivin (Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (BIRC5)), a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family and a cell cycle-associated oncoprotein, is overexpressed in most cancers and undergoes alternative splicing (AS) to generate six different splicing isoforms. Methods To determine if survivin splice variants (SSV) could be involved in PDAC chemoresistance, a Gemcitabine (Gem) resistant (GR) cell line, MIA PaCa-2 GR, was created and assessed for its SSV levels and their potential association with GR. Cross-resistance was assessed in MIA-PaCa-2 GR cells to FIRINOX (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin). Once chemoresistance was confirmed, RT-qPCR was used to assess the expression of survivin splice variants (SSVs) in PDAC cell lines. To confirm the effect of SSVs on chemoresistance, we used siRNA to knockdown all SSVs or SSV 2β. Results The MIA PaCa-2 GR cell line was 40 times more resistant to Gem and revealed increased resistance to FIRINOX (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin); when compared to the parental MIA-PaCa-2 cells. RT-qPCR studies revealed an 8-fold relative expression increase in SSV 2β and a 2- to 8-fold increase in the other five SSVs in the GR cells. Knockdown of all SSV or SSV 2β only, using small inhibitory RNA (siRNA), sensitized the GR cells to Gem, indicating that these SSVs play a role in PDAC chemoresistance. Conclusion These findings provide evidence for the potential role of SSV 2β and other SSVs in innate and acquired PDAC chemoresistance. We also show that the expression of SSVs is not affected by the type of chemoresistance, therefore targeting survivin splice variants in combination with chemotherapy could benefit a wide range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Fuller
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Paul A Vallejos
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Andrew D Folkerts
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA,Correspondence: Nathan R Wall, Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA, Tel +909-558-4000 x81397, Email
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13
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Cao S, Wu Y, Albert Reece E, Xu C, Shen WB, Kaushal S, Yang P. Functional cargos of exosomes derived from Flk-1 + vascular progenitors enable neurulation and ameliorate embryonic anomalies in diabetic pregnancy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:648. [PMID: 35778435 PMCID: PMC9249756 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of progenitors initiate individual organ formation and their crosstalk orchestrates morphogenesis for the entire embryo. Here we show that progenitor exosomal communication across embryonic organs occurs in normal development and is altered in embryos of diabetic pregnancy. Endoderm fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) stimulates mesoderm Flk-1+ vascular progenitors to produce exosomes containing the anti-stress protein Survivin. These exosomes act on neural stem cells of the neuroepithelium to facilitate neurulation by inhibiting cellular stress and apoptosis. Maternal diabetes causes Flk-1+ progenitor dysfunction by suppressing FGF2 through DNA hypermethylation. Restoring endoderm FGF2 prevents diabetes-induced survivin reduction in Flk-1+ progenitor exosomes. Transgenic Survivin expression in Flk-1+ progenitors or in utero delivery of survivin-enriched exosomes restores cellular homeostasis and prevents diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), whereas inhibiting exosome production induces NTDs. Thus, functional inter-organ communication via Flk-1 exosomes is vital for neurulation and its disruption leads to embryonic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Province, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Kopantzev E, Kondratyeva L, Kopantseva M, Kashkin K, Gnatenko D, Grigorieva E, Alekseenko I, Safina D, Chernov I. SOX9 Protein in Pancreatic Cancer Regulates Multiple Cellular Networks in a Cell-Specific Manner. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071466. [PMID: 35884771 PMCID: PMC9312990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX9 is upregulated in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases. It is hypothesized that the increased expression of SOX9 is necessary for the formation and maintenance of tumor phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells. In our research, we studied six pancreatic cancer cell lines, which displayed varying levels of differentiation and a range of oncogenic mutations. We chose the method of downregulation of SOX9 expression via siRNA transfection as the main method for investigating the functional role of the SOX9 factor in pancreatic cancer cells. We discovered that the downregulation of SOX9 expression in the cell lines leads to cell-line-specific changes in the expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal protein markers. Additionally, the downregulation of SOX9 expression had a specific effect on the expression of pancreatic developmental master genes. SOX9 downregulation had the greatest effect on the expression levels of the protein regulators of cell proliferation. In three of the four cell lines studied, the transfection of siSOX9 led to a significant decrease in proliferative activity and to the activation of proapoptotic caspases in transfected cells. The acquired results demonstrate that the SOX9 protein exerts its multiple functions as a pleiotropic regulator of differentiation and a potential promoter of tumor growth in a cell-specific manner in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (L.K.); Tel.: +7-(916)-066-8752 (E.K.); +7-(965)-315-7274 (L.K.); Fax: +7-(495)-330-6538 (L.K.)
| | - Liya Kondratyeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (L.K.); Tel.: +7-(916)-066-8752 (E.K.); +7-(965)-315-7274 (L.K.); Fax: +7-(495)-330-6538 (L.K.)
| | - Marina Kopantseva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Kirill Kashkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Dmitry Gnatenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Elizaveta Grigorieva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dina Safina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor Chernov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.G.); (E.G.); (I.A.); (I.C.)
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Bai Z, Zhou Y, Ye X, Li Y, Peng Y, Guan Q, Zhang W, Ma L. Survivin suppression heightens BZML-induced mitotic catastrophe to overcome multidrug resistance by removing therapy-induced senescent A549/Taxol cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119174. [PMID: 34808206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a newly identified type of anticancer mechanism for multidrug resistance (MDR) prevention. However, the long cellular death process resulting from MC is not beneficial for anticancer treatment. BZML is a novel colchicine-binding site inhibitor which can overcome MDR by inducing MC; however, BZML-induced MC cells underwent a long cellular death process. Thus, to improve anticancer therapies based on drug-induced MC, BZML-induced MC was served as a model to further study the underlying molecular mechanisms in the process of MC. Here, BZML could induce p53-dependent senescence in A549/Taxol cells, a MDR cell line. This senescence was a secondary effect of MC in overcoming MDR. During MC, BZML-induced destruction of protein-degradation system contributed not only to an increase of p53 protein but also to the accumulation of survivin in nucleus of A549/Taxol cells. Importantly, the nuclear accumulation of survivin was not the inducer but the result of BZML-induced MC, and it promoted the survival of senescent cells. Moreover, it provided additional vulnerability and critical opportunities for sequentially applied therapies. Further, targeting survivin with YM155 accelerated the death of MC cells by timely eliminating therapy-induced senescent cells and strengthening the efficiency of BZML in overcoming MDR in A549/Taxol cells. Collectively, nuclear accumulation of survivin delayed cellular death during MC by promoting the survival of BZML-induced senescent A549/Taxol cells. Moreover, "one-two punch" approach to cancer treatment based on combination therapy with YM155 for survivin suppression might be a new strategy for potentiating MC to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yaling Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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17
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Chang Z, Dang T, Meng X, Chai J. The Role of CCN1 in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: What We Have Learned From the Lab. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221074734. [PMID: 35291889 PMCID: PMC8935545 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221074734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers in the world, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma. There has never been a special drug to treat it.Purpose: This article summarizes the work that we have done in our laboratory about the role of CCN1 in esophageal cancer and gives a new perspective of CCN1 biology.Research Design: This is a review article. Study Sample: The work was done using validated cell lines and fixed human tissue slides.Data Collection and Analysis: This is a review article, therefore, no data collection or analysis was involved.Results: CCN1 is a matricellular protein supporting adhesion, migration, and survival in normal cells, but in the esophageal cancer cells, it induces TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. CCN1 promotes TRAIL and its death receptor expression but downregulates the decoy receptors and survivin in a p53-dependant manner. It was thought that CCN1 relies on TNF to induce apoptosis, but our study found that these two molecules antagonize each other. CCN1 promotes TNFR1 cleavage and uses the soluble product to block TNF signaling, while TNF upregulates PGLYRP1 to overcome this obstacle because PGLYRP1 is a secreted protein that competes with TNF for TNFR1 binding. As a result, when CCN1 and TNF are present together in the vicinity of esophageal tumors, they cancel each other out.Conclusions: Based on our laboratory study, CCN1 has much potential to be a candidate for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Chang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 74506The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Tong Dang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 74506The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xianmei Meng
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 74506The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jianyuan Chai
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 74506The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Injury and Cancer, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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18
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Jiang Z, Li W, Su W, Wen C, Gong T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jin M, Lu Z. Protective Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 40 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733591. [PMID: 34746206 PMCID: PMC8566672 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA40) against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) infection in mice. Bacillus subtilis PB6 was utilized as a positive control to compare the protective effects of BA40. In general, a total of 24 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups, with six mice each. The BA40 and PB6 groups were orally dosed with resuspension bacteria (1 × 109 CFU/ml) once a day, from day 1 to 13, respectively. In the control and infected groups, the mice were orally pre-treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (200 μl/day). The mice in the infected groups, PB6 + infected group and BA40 + infected group, were orally challenged with C. perfringens type A (1 × 109 CFU/ml) on day 11, whereas the control group was orally dosed with PBS (200 μl/day). The results showed that the BA40 group ameliorated intestinal structure damage caused by the C. perfringens infection. Furthermore, the inflammatory responses detected in the infected groups which include the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum and secretory immunoglobulin (SigA) in the colon, and nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in the jejunum, were also alleviated (P < 0.05) by BA40 treatment. Similarly, cytokines were also detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and the results were consistent with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Additionally, in the infected group, the mRNA expression of Bax and p53 was increasing and the Bcl-2 expression was decreasing, which was reversed by BA40 and PB6 treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by the C. perfringens infection was restored by the BA40 pre-treatment, especially by improving the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota (P < 0.05) and decreasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) in the phyla level, and the infected group increased the relative abundance of some pathogens, such as Bacteroides and Staphylococcus (P < 0.05) in the genus level. The gut microbiota alterations in the BA40 group also influenced the metabolic pathways, and the results were also compared. The purine metabolism, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly changed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that BA40 can effectively protect mice from C. perfringens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Survivin' Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Personalised Target for inv(16) Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910482. [PMID: 34638823 PMCID: PMC8508831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapies including immunotherapy, patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) still experience relatively poor survival rates. The Inhibition of Apoptosis (IAP) family member, survivin, also known by its gene and protein name, Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5 (BIRC5), remains one of the most frequently expressed antigens across AML subtypes. To better understand its potential to act as a target for immunotherapy and a biomarker for AML survival, we examined the protein and pathways that BIRC5 interacts with using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), search tool for recurring instances of neighbouring genes (STRING), WEB-based Gene Set Analysis Toolkit, Bloodspot and performed a comprehensive literature review. We then analysed data from gene expression studies. These included 312 AML samples in the Microarray Innovations In Leukemia (MILE) dataset. We found a trend between above median levels of BIRC5 being associated with improved overall survival (OS) but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.077, Log-Rank). There was some evidence of a beneficial effect in adjusted analyses where above median levels of BIRC5 were shown to be associated with improved OS (p = 0.001) including in Core Binding Factor (CBF) patients (p = 0.03). Above median levels of BIRC5 transcript were associated with improved relapse free survival (p < 0.0001). Utilisation of a second large cDNA microarray dataset including 306 AML cases, again showed no correlation between BIRC5 levels and OS, but high expression levels of BIRC5 correlated with worse survival in inv(16) patients (p = 0.077) which was highly significant when datasets A and B were combined (p = 0.001). In addition, decreased BIRC5 expression was associated with better clinical outcome (p = 0.004) in AML patients exhibiting CBF mainly due to patients with inv(16) (p = 0.007). This study has shown that BIRC5 expression plays a role in the survival of AML patients, this association is not apparent when we examine CBF patients as a cohort, but when those with inv(16) independently indicating that those patients with inv(16) would provide interesting candidates for immunotherapies that target BIRC5.
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Trejo-Solis C, Escamilla-Ramirez A, Jimenez-Farfan D, Castillo-Rodriguez RA, Flores-Najera A, Cruz-Salgado A. Crosstalk of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the Induction of Apoptosis on Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090871. [PMID: 34577571 PMCID: PMC8465904 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a major role in cell survival and proliferation, as well as in angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, and stem cell renewal in various cancer types. However, the modulation (either up- or downregulation) of this pathway can inhibit cell proliferation and apoptosis both through β-catenin-dependent and independent mechanisms, and by crosstalk with other signaling pathways in a wide range of malignant tumors. Existing studies have reported conflicting results, indicating that the Wnt signaling can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing roles, depending on the cellular context. This review summarizes the available information on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in apoptosis induction in cancer cells and presents a modified dual-signal model for the function of β-catenin. Understanding the proapoptotic mechanisms induced by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could open new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angel Escamilla-Ramirez
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Athenea Flores-Najera
- Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Departamento de Cirugía General, Ciudad de Mexico 03229, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
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Lingam HT, Swetha P, Manyam R. Immunohistochemical evaluation of survivin in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a retrospective study. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:341-347. [PMID: 34430856 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral cancer is a multistep process involving enhanced activation of proto-oncogenes. Survivin (anti-apoptotic protein) is one of such proto-oncogenes that contribute to the carcinogenesis by deregulating cell proliferation. Expression of these proteins in cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions helps a better understanding of the etiology, treatment and prognosis. Aim To evaluate qualitative and quantitative expression of survivin in healthy mucosa, oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods A total of 70 cases of formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks, of which 20 healthy mucosa, 20 OSCC and 30 OLP were included in the study and stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against survivin monoclonal antibody. 4 μm sections were stained immunohistochemically, both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was considered as positive for surviving. Positive and negative stained cells were counted with the help of Olympus BX51 rarefaction microscope and were analyzed quantitatively using image analysis pro plus software. Representative fields were randomly selected at 40× high power magnification. Values obtained were evaluated and tabulated for statistical analysis. Results There was a statistically significant relation between the expressions of survivin among healthy mucosa, OLP, OSCC with a p value of 0.001. Conclusion Presence of survivin expression in healthy mucosa, OLP and OSCC, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, can be identified as a useful diagnostic tool for the identification of precancerous lesions and conditions which are at higher risk for progression into invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tejaswi Lingam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Swetha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravikanth Manyam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Survivin is one of the rare proteins that is differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells and is directly or indirectly involved in numerous pathways required for tumor maintenance. It is expressed in almost all cancers and its expression has been detected at early stages of cancer. These traits make survivin an exceptionally attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Even with these promising features to be an oncotherapeutic target, there has been limited success in the clinical trials targeting survivin. Only recently it has emerged that survivin was not being specifically targeted which could have resulted in the negative clinical outcome. Also, focus of research has now shifted from survivin expression in the overall heterogeneous tumor cell populations to survivin expression in cancer stem cells as these cells have proved to be the major drivers of tumors. Therefore, in this review we have analyzed the expression of survivin in normal and cancer cells with a particular focus on its expression in cancer stem cell compartment. We have discussed the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of survivin. We have explored the current development status of various types of interventions for inhibition of survivin. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges involving the development of potent and specific survivin inhibitors for cancer therapeutics. Finally we have given insights for some of the promising future anticancer treatments.
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Lucchesi CA, Zhang J, Ma B, Nussinov R, Chen X. Survivin Expression Is Differentially Regulated by a Selective Cross-talk between RBM38 and miRNAs let-7b or miR-203a. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1827-1839. [PMID: 33472892 PMCID: PMC8137528 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif 38 (RBM38) is a member of a protein family with a highly conserved RNA-binding motif and has been shown to regulate mRNA processing, stability, and translation. Survivin is an essential modulator of apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death as well as a stress responder. Survivin mRNA is the fourth most frequently overexpressed transcript in the human cancer transcriptome, and its aberrant expression is associated with chemo-/radioresistance and poor prognosis. In this study, we examined whether survivin expression is regulated by RBM38. RBM38 bound to survivin 3'-untranslated region and suppressed miRNA let-7b from binding to and degrading survivin mRNA, leading to increased survivin expression. RBM38 interacted with argonaute-2 (AGO2) and facilitated miR-203a-mediated degradation of survivin mRNA, leading to decreased survivin expression. Due to the abundance of let-7b over miR-203a, RBM38 ultimately increased survivin expression in HCT116 and MCF7 cells. In addition, Ser-195 in RBM38 interacted with Glu-73/-76 in AGO2, and Pep8, an eight-amino acid peptide spanning the region of Ser-195 in RBM38, blocked the RBM38-AGO2 interaction and inhibited miR-203a-mediated mRNA degradation, leading to enhanced survivin expression. Furthermore, Pep8 cooperated with YM155, an inhibitor of survivin, to suppress tumor spheroid growth and viability. Pep8 sensitized tumor cells to YM155-induced DNA damage in an RBM38-dependent manner. Together, our data indicate that RBM38 is a dual regulator of survivin and that Pep8/YM155 may be therapeutically explored for tumor suppression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that RBM38 exerts opposing effects on survivin expression via two miRNAs, and disruption of the RBM38-AGO2 complex by an eight-amino acid peptide sensitizes tumor spheroids to survivin inhibitor YM155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lucchesi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California.
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Isoforms of the p53 Family and Gastric Cancer: A Ménage à Trois for an Unfinished Affair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040916. [PMID: 33671606 PMCID: PMC7926742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family is a complex family of transcription factors with different cellular functions that are involved in several physiological processes. A massive amount of data has been accumulated on their critical role in the tumorigenesis and the aggressiveness of cancers of different origins. If common features are observed, there are numerous specificities that may reflect particularities of the tissues from which the cancers originated. In this regard, gastric cancer tumorigenesis is rather remarkable, as it is induced by bacterial and viral infections, various chemical carcinogens, and familial genetic alterations, which provide an example of the variety of molecular mechanisms responsible for cell transformation and how they impact the p53 family. This review summarizes the knowledge gathered from over 40 years of research on the role of the p53 family in gastric cancer, which still displays one of the most elevated mortality rates amongst all types of cancers. Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, with a median survival of 12 months. This illustrates its complexity and the lack of therapeutic options, such as personalized therapy, because predictive markers do not exist. Thus, gastric cancer remains mostly treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies. In addition, less than 20% of patients respond to immunotherapy. TP53 mutations are particularly frequent in gastric cancer (±50% and up to 70% in metastatic) and are considered an early event in the tumorigenic process. Alterations in the expression of other members of the p53 family, i.e., p63 and p73, have also been described. In this context, the role of the members of the p53 family and their isoforms have been investigated over the years, resulting in conflicting data. For instance, whether mutations of TP53 or the dysregulation of its homologs may represent biomarkers for aggressivity or response to therapy still remains a matter of debate. This uncertainty illustrates the lack of information on the molecular pathways involving the p53 family in gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant molecular and clinical data on the role of the p53 family in gastric cancer and enumerate potential therapeutic innovative strategies.
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Gong L, Wang B, Zhou Y, Tang L, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Li W. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Broilers. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628374. [PMID: 33679724 PMCID: PMC7930238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 (Lac16) and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 (BSC10) against Clostridium perfringens (Cp) infection in broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into four groups. The control and Cp group were only fed a basal diet, while the two treatment groups received basal diets supplemented with Lac16 (1 × 108 cfu·kg-1) and BSC10 (1 × 108 cfu·kg-1) for 21 days, respectively. On day 1 and days 14 to 20, birds except those in the control group were challenged with 1 × 108 cfu C. perfringens type A strain once a day. The results showed that both Lac16 and BSC10 could ameliorate intestinal structure damage caused by C. perfringens infection. C. perfringens infection induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax and p53 and decreasing Bcl-2 expression and inflammation evidence by higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-10 in the ileum mucosa, and NO production in jejunal mucosa, which was reversed by Lac16 and BSC10 treatment except for IL-1β (P < 0.05). Besides, the two probiotics restored the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by C. perfringens infection, characterized by the reduced Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the increased Bacteroidetes at the phyla level and decreased Bacteroides fragilis and Gallibacterium anatis at the genus level. The two probiotics also reversed metabolic pathways of the microbiota in C. perfringens-infected broilers, including B-vitamin biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II pathway. In conclusion, Lac16 and BSC10 can effectively protect broilers against C. perfringens infection through improved composition and metabolic pathways of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, inflammation, and anti-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 and Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Colorectal Cancer-A Promising Signaling Network for Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040624. [PMID: 33557398 PMCID: PMC7916307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor suppressor 53 (p53) is a multifunctional protein that regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis and metabolic pathways. In colorectal cancer (CRC), mutations of the gene occur in 60% of patients and are associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and resistance to anti-cancer therapy. In addition, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are distinguished biomarkers overexpressed in CRC that impact on a diverse set of signaling pathways associated with the regulation of apoptosis/autophagy, cell migration, cell cycle and DNA damage response. As these mechanisms are further firmly controlled by p53, a transcriptional and post-translational regulation of IAPs by p53 is expected to occur in cancer cells. Here, we aim to review the molecular regulatory mechanisms between IAPs and p53 and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting their interrelationship by multimodal treatment options. Abstract Despite recent advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), patient’s individual response and clinical follow-up vary considerably with tumor intrinsic factors to contribute to an enhanced malignancy and therapy resistance. Among these markers, upregulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family effects on tumorigenesis and radiation- and chemo-resistance by multiple pathways, covering a hampered induction of apoptosis/autophagy, regulation of cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. These mechanisms are tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor p53 and thus transcriptional and post-translational regulation of IAPs by p53 is expected to occur in malignant cells. By this, cellular IAP1/2, X-linked IAP, Survivin, BRUCE and LIVIN expression/activity, as well as their intracellular localization is controlled by p53 in a direct or indirect manner via modulating a multitude of mechanisms. These cover, among others, transcriptional repression and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathway. In addition, p53 mutations contribute to deregulated IAP expression and resistance to therapy. This review aims at highlighting the mechanistic and clinical importance of IAP regulation by p53 in CRC and describing potential therapeutic strategies based on this interrelationship.
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Jangid A, Malik MZ, Ramaswamy R, Singh RKB. Transition and identification of pathological states in p53 dynamics for therapeutic intervention. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2349. [PMID: 33504910 PMCID: PMC7840995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We study a minimal model of the stress-driven p53 regulatory network that includes competition between active and mutant forms of the tumor-suppressor gene p53. Depending on the nature and level of the external stress signal, four distinct dynamical states of p53 are observed. These states can be distinguished by different dynamical properties which associate to active, apoptotic, pre-malignant and cancer states. Transitions between any two states, active, apoptotic, and cancer, are found to be unidirectional and irreversible if the stress signal is either oscillatory or constant. When the signal decays exponentially, the apoptotic state vanishes, and for low stress the pre-malignant state is bounded by two critical points, allowing the system to transition reversibly from the active to the pre-malignant state. For significantly large stress, the range of the pre-malignant state expands, and the system moves to irreversible cancerous state, which is a stable attractor. This suggests that identification of the pre-malignant state may be important both for therapeutic intervention as well as for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jangid
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ram Ramaswamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - R K Brojen Singh
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Lee JH, Park SY, Hwang W, Sung JY, Cho ML, Shim J, Kim YN, Yoon K. Isoharringtonine Induces Apoptosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells in Tumorspheroids via the Intrinsic Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1521. [PMID: 33172112 PMCID: PMC7694770 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-associated death worldwide, and development of new therapeutic drugs is needed to improve treatment outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) tumorspheroids offer many advantages over conventional two-dimensional cell cultures due to the similarities to in vivo tumors. We found that isoharringtonine, a natural product purified from Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai, significantly inhibited the growth of tumorspheroids with NCI-H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptotic cell death in our 3D cell culture system. On the other hand, A549 tumorspheroids displayed low sensitivity to isoharringtonine-induced apoptosis. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is an orphan nuclear receptor known to regulate proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. We observed that knockdown of NR4A1 dramatically increased isoharringtonine-induced cancer cell death in A549 tumorspheroids by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, treatment with combined isoharringtonine and iNR4A1 significantly inhibited multivulva formation in a Caenorhabditis elegans model and tumor development in a xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data suggest that isoharringtonine is a potential natural product for treatment of non-small cell lung cancers, and inhibition of NR4A1 sensitizes cancer cells to anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Lee
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Wonbin Hwang
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Jee Young Sung
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Myoung-Lae Cho
- National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea;
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Division of Translational Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (J.H.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (W.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.-N.K.)
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JCPyV T-Antigen Activation of the Anti-Apoptotic Survivin Promoter-Its Role in the Development of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111253. [PMID: 33153187 PMCID: PMC7693140 DOI: 10.3390/v12111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease of the CNS, resulting from the lytic infection of oligodendrocytes by the human neurotropic polyomavirus JC (JCPyV), typically associated with severe immunocompromised states and, in recent years, with the use of immunotherapies. Apoptosis is a homeostatic mechanism to dispose of senescent or damaged cells, including virally infected cells, triggered in the vast majority of viral infections of the brain. Previously, we showed upregulation of the normally dormant anti-apoptotic protein Survivin in cases of PML, which—in vitro—resulted in protection from apoptosis in JCPyV-infected primary cultures of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the present study, we first demonstrate the absence of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and the lack of caspase activity in 16 cases of PML. We also identified the viral protein large T-Antigen as being responsible for the activation of the Survivin promoter. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay shows a direct binding between T-Antigen and the Survivin promoter DNA. Finally, we have identified the specific region of T-Antigen, spanning from amino acids 266 and 688, which binds to Survivin and translocates it to the nucleus, providing evidence of a mechanism that results in the efficient replication of JCPyV and a potential target for novel therapies.
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30
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Xue Y, Li M, Xue Y, Jin W, Han X, Zhang J, Chu X, Li Z, Chu L. Mechanisms underlying the protective effect of tannic acid against arsenic trioxide‑induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential involvement of mitochondrial apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4663-4674. [PMID: 33173965 PMCID: PMC7646850 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a frontline chemotherapy drug used in the therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the clinical use of ATO is hindered by its cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to observe the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of tannic acid (TA) against ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. Male rats were intraperitoneally injected with ATO (5 mg/kg/day) to induce cardiotoxicity. TA (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) was administered to evaluate its cardioprotective efficacy against ATO-induced heart injury in rats. Administration of ATO resulted in pathological damage in the heart and increased oxidative stress as well as levels of serum cardiac biomarkers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and the inflammatory marker NF-κB (p65). Conversely, TA markedly reversed this phenomenon. Additionally, TA treatment caused a notable decrease in the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, p53 and Bad, while increasing Bcl-2 expression levels. Notably, the application of TA decreased the expression levels of cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases and high-temperature requirement A2, which are apoptosis mitochondrial-associated proteins. The present findings indicated that TA protected against ATO-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yurun Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Weiyue Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ziliang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
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31
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Chopra A, Cho WC, Willmore WG, Biggar KK. Hypoxia-Inducible Lysine Methyltransferases: G9a and GLP Hypoxic Regulation, Non-histone Substrate Modification, and Pathological Relevance. Front Genet 2020; 11:579636. [PMID: 33088284 PMCID: PMC7495024 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.579636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen sensing is inherent among most animal lifeforms and is critical for organism survival. Oxygen sensing mechanisms collectively trigger cellular and physiological responses that enable adaption to a reduction in ideal oxygen levels. The major mechanism by which oxygen-responsive changes in the transcriptome occur are mediated through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Upon reduced oxygen conditions, HIF activates hypoxia-responsive gene expression programs. However, under normal oxygen conditions, the activity of HIF is regularly suppressed by cellular oxygen sensors; prolyl-4 and asparaginyl hydroxylases. Recently, these oxygen sensors have also been found to suppress the function of two lysine methyltransferases, G9a and G9a-like protein (GLP). In this manner, the methyltransferase activity of G9a and GLP are hypoxia-inducible and thus present a new avenue of low-oxygen signaling. Furthermore, G9a and GLP elicit lysine methylation on a wide variety of non-histone proteins, many of which are known to be regulated by hypoxia. In this article we aim to review the effects of oxygen on G9a and GLP function, non-histone methylation events inflicted by these methyltransferases, and the clinical relevance of these enzymes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chopra
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - William G Willmore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle K Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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32
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Li Y, Zhao ZG, Luo Y, Cui H, Wang HY, Jia YF, Gao YT. Dual targeting of Polo-like kinase 1 and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 in TP53-mutated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4786-4801. [PMID: 32921957 PMCID: PMC7459198 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), often diagnosed at advanced stages without curative therapies, is the fifth most common malignant cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is activated in the late G2 phase of the cell cycle and is required for entry to mitosis. Interestingly, PLK1 is overexpressed in many HCC patients and is highly associated with poor clinical outcome. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is also highly overexpressed in HCC and plays key roles in this malignancy. AIM To determine the expression patterns of PLK1 and BIRC5, as well as their correlation with p53 mutation status and patient clinical outcome. METHODS The expression patterns of PLK1 and BIRC5, and their correlation with p53 mutation status or patient clinical outcome were analyzed using a TCGA HCC dataset. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest assays were conducted to investigate the efficacy of the PLK1 inhibitors volasertib and GSK461364 and the BIRC5 inhibitor YM155, alone or in combination. The in vivo efficacy of volasertib and YM155, alone or in combination, was assessed in p53-mutated Huh7-derived xenograft models in immune-deficient NSIG mice. RESULTS Our bioinformatics analysis using a TCGA HCC dataset revealed that PLK1 and BIRC5 were overexpressed in the same patient subset and their expression was highly correlated. The overexpression of both PLK1 and BIRC5 was more frequently detected in HCC with p53 mutations. High PLK1 or BIRC5 expression significantly correlated with poor clinical outcome. PLK1 inhibitors (volasertib and GSK461364) or a BIRC5 inhibitor (YM155) selectively targeted Huh7 cells with mutated p53, but not HepG2 cells with wild-type p53. The combination treatment of volasertib and YM155 synergistically inhibited the viability of Huh7 cells via apoptotic pathway. The efficacy of volasertib and YM155, alone or in combination, was validated in vivo in a Huh7-derived xenograft model. CONCLUSION PLK1 and BIRC5 are highly co-expressed in p53-mutated HCC and inhibition of both PLK1 and BIRC5 synergistically compromises the viability of p53-mutated HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yin Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yan-Fang Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Third Center Clinical College, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Ying-Tang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
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33
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Brock RM, Beitel-White N, Davalos RV, Allen IC. Starting a Fire Without Flame: The Induction of Cell Death and Inflammation in Electroporation-Based Tumor Ablation Strategies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1235. [PMID: 32850371 PMCID: PMC7399335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies and paradigms are direly needed for the treatment of cancer. While the surgical removal of tumors is favored in most cancer treatment plans, resection options are often limited based on tumor localization. Over the last two decades, multiple tumor ablation strategies have emerged as promising stand-alone or combination therapeutic options for patients. These strategies are often employed to treat tumors in areas where surgical resection is not possible or where chemotherapeutics have proven ineffective. The type of cell death induced by the ablation modality is a critical aspect of therapeutic success that can impact the efficacy of the treatment and systemic anti-tumor immune system responses. Electroporation-based ablation technologies include electrochemotherapy, irreversible electroporation, and other modalities that rely on pulsed electric fields to create pores in cell membranes. These pores can either be reversible or irreversible depending on the electric field parameters and can induce cell death either alone or in combination with a therapeutic agent. However, there have been many controversial findings among these technologies as to the cell death type initiated, from apoptosis to pyroptosis. As cell death mechanisms can impact treatment side effects and efficacy, we review the main types of cell death induced by electroporation-based treatments and summarize the impact of these mechanisms on treatment response. We also discuss potential reasons behind the variability of findings such as the similarities between cell death pathways, differences between cell-types, and the variation in electric field strength across the treatment area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Brock
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Natalie Beitel-White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Science, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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34
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Jin LY, Zhao K, Xu LJ, Zhao RX, Werle KD, Wang Y, Liu XL, Chen Q, Wu ZJ, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Jiang GQ, Cui FM, Xu ZX. LKB1 inactivation leads to centromere defects and genome instability via p53-dependent upregulation of survivin. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14341-14354. [PMID: 32668413 PMCID: PMC7425461 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the liver kinase B1 (LKB1) tumor suppressor gene underlie Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and occur frequently in various human cancers. We previously showed that LKB1 regulates centrosome duplication via PLK1. Here, we report that LKB1 further helps to maintain genomic stability through negative regulation of survivin, a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that mediates CPC targeting to the centromere. We found that loss of LKB1 led to accumulation of misaligned and lagging chromosomes at metaphase and anaphase and increased the appearance of multi- and micro-nucleated cells. Ectopic LKB1 expression reduced these features and improved mitotic fidelity in LKB1-deficient cells. Through pharmacological and genetic manipulations, we showed that LKB1-mediated repression of survivin is independent of AMPK, but requires p53. Consistent with the key influence of LKB1 on survivin expression, immunohistochemical analysis indicated that survivin is highly expressed in intestinal polyps from a PJS patient. Lastly, we reaffirm a potential therapeutic avenue to treat LKB1-mutated tumors by demonstrating the increased sensitivity to survivin inhibitors of LKB1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Long-Jiang Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Rui-Xun Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kaitlin D Werle
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhuo-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Feng-Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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35
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Liu M, Peng Y, Nie Y, Liu P, Hu S, Ding J, Zhou W. Co-delivery of doxorubicin and DNAzyme using ZnO@polydopamine core-shell nanocomposites for chemo/gene/photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:242-253. [PMID: 32438113 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multi-modal nanomedicines that synergistically combine chemo-, gene-, and photothermal therapy have shown great potential for cancer treatment. In this study, a core-shell nanosystem-based on a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocore and a polydopamine (PDA) shell was constructed to integrate chemo- (doxorubicin, DOX), gene- (DNAzyme, DZ), and photothermal (PDA layer) therapy in one system. Instead of small interfering RNAs, we employed DZ for tumor-related gene (survivin) regulation owing to its higher stability, biocompatibility, and predictable activity. DOX and amino-modified DZ were loaded onto the PDA shell via physisorption and covalent conjugation, respectively. Specifically, the ZnO nanocore was designed as a metal cofactor reservoir to release Zn2+ in response to intracellular stimuli, which triggered the activation of DZ for gene silencing after endocytosis into cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of these multifunctional nanocomposites and highlighted the advantages of these nano-drug delivery systems to alleviate the side effects of DOX. This study provides a strategy for synergistic cancer therapy via chemo/gene/photothermal combination and offers a strategy to harness DZ as a gene-silencing tool for disease treatment in combination with other therapeutic modalities. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we constructed a core-shell nanosystem containing a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocore and a polydopamine (PDA) outer layer, which integrated chemo- (doxorubicin, DOX), gene- (DNAzyme, DZ), and photothermal (PDA layer) therapies for multimodal cancer therapy. Specifically, the ZnO core was incorporated to solve the key issue of DZ for gene silencing applications, which acted as the metal cofactor reservoir to release Zn2+ inside cells for effective DZ activation. In addition, the PDA shell could detoxify the ZnO by scavenging the reactive oxygen species produced by ZnO, thus increasing the biocompatibility of the nanocarrier. This work solves the key issue of DZ for RNAi-based applications, offers a platform to combine DZ with other therapeutic modalities, and also provides a smart strategy to achieve triggered activation of biocatalytic reactions for therapeutic applications.
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36
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Wang F, Mayca Pozo F, Tian D, Geng X, Yao X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Shikonin Inhibits Cancer Through P21 Upregulation and Apoptosis Induction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 32581812 PMCID: PMC7296065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin is a natural naphthoquinone compound and has demonstrated potent anti-cancer activities; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained elusive. Here we report that Shikonin inhibited the growth of a wide range of human cancer cell lines, illustrating a broad anticancer effect. Mechanistically, we show that Shikonin arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, inhibited the ERK-dependent cell growth signal, and induced cell death in both P53 wild type and mutant cancer cells, which collectively contributed to the growth inhibitory effect of Shikonin. A pan-apoptosis inhibitor largely suppressed Shikonin-induced cell death, suggesting an important role of apoptosis in this process. Intriguingly, Shikonin also activated autophagy and inhibition of autophagy by depleting critical autophagic genes further increased Shikonin-induced cell death, indicating a protective role of autophagy. In uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects of Shikonin, we found that Shikonin induced a robust upregulation of P21 independent of the P53 status, upregulated autophagy genes, as well as inhibited expression of genes required for cell growth. Using mouse tumor models, we confirmed the strong anticancer effect of Shikonin in vivo. Together, our data reveal a broad range of pharmacological functions of Shikonin, involving simultaneous growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, autophagy activation and apoptosis induction through regulating expression of critical genes involved in these pathways. Our study may facilitate the development of Shikonin in cancer therapy as a single agent or in combination with other anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Franklin Mayca Pozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Stavropoulos A, Varras M, Vasilakaki T, Varra VK, Varra FN, Tsavari A, Nonni A, Kavantzas N, Lazaris AC. Expression of anti-apoptotic protein survivin in human endometrial carcinoma: Clinical and pathological associations as a separate factor and in combination with concomitant PTEN and p53 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1033-1054. [PMID: 32724342 PMCID: PMC7377108 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common types of gynecological cancer. A total of 99 cases of primary endometrial carcinoma were investigated for survivin expression by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the association between concomitant survivin, PTEN and p53 expression, and clinicopathological parameters was examined. Immunopositivity for survivin was identified in 88% of cases. Concomitant survivin, PTEN and p53 expression (staining scores and intensity) was observed in 60% of endometrial adenocarcinomas. A significant association was identified between the sum of staining intensity and scores of survivin immunopositive cells, and patient age (P=0.028), histological grade (P<0.001), clinical stage (P=0.018) and fallopian tube and/or ovarian invasion (P=0.039). A negative tendency for correlation was observed between surivin and PTEN immunostaining scores (P=0.062; ρ=−0.238). Specimens with high scores of survivin expression tended to show decreased scores of PTEN immunostaining, and vice versa. However, in circumstances with an increased co-expression of survivin and PTEN, a statistically significant association with histological types was observed (P=0.020). A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between survivin and p53 sum co-expression (P=0.008; ρ=0.300). Furthermore, a significant association was identified between survivin and p53 concomitant sum expression and age of patients (P=0.001), histological type (P=0.020), clinical stage (P=0.037), histological differentiation (P=0.001) and presence of fallopian tube and/or ovarian invasion (P=0.026). The present findings suggested that survivin may be an indicator of unfavorable outcome in older patients with endometrial carcinoma, in specific circumstances that are dependent on different concomitant genetic alterations and different combinations of molecular signaling pathways. Increased expression levels of survivin and PTEN may serve a role in the development of more aggressive endometrial carcinoma during their interaction. In addition, protein expression levels of survivin and p53 are positively correlated and may share a common molecular pathway to promote endometrial carcinogenesis. These findings provided evidence that survivin and p53 combined may be useful markers for the prediction of tumor behavior and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelis Stavropoulos
- Forth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fifth Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Department of Pathology, 'Tzaneio' General Hospital, Piraeus 18536, Greece
| | | | - Fani-Niki Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | - Aikaterini Tsavari
- Department of Pathology, 'Tzaneio' General Hospital, Piraeus 18536, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Nonni
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- First Pathology Department, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece
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Circulating microRNA Associated to Different Stages of Liver Steatosis in Prader-Willi Syndrome and Non-Syndromic Obesity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041123. [PMID: 32295264 PMCID: PMC7230920 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare and poorly characterized disease. Recent genomic and transcriptomic studies contributed to elucidate the molecular bases of the syndrome. In this study, we characterized the expression of circulating miRNAs in patients with PWS compared to those with non-syndromic obesity in association with liver steatosis. METHODS MiRNAs were studied by qRT-PCR in serum samples from 30 PWS and 30 non-syndromic obese subjects. RESULTS MiRNA expression was associated with the presence of the syndrome and to the grade of liver steatosis. MiR-122-5p, miR-151a, miR-92a-3p were up-regulated in obese (4.38-fold, p < 0.01; 2.72-fold, p < 0.05; 1.34-fold p < 0.05, respectively) and were able to differentiate obese from PWS (AUC = 0.81, sens/spec 78/71%). When stratifying groups according to the presence of steatosis, the expression of miR-151a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-93-5p were lower in PWS with steatosis grade 1. Within the group with steatosis grade 1, miR-151a-5p was significantly distinguished PWS from obese (AUC = 0.85, sens/spec 80/85%) and the combination of miR-106b-5p and miR-93-5p showed higher performances in discriminating different grades of steatosis in PWS (AUC = 0.84, sens/spec 93/74%). CONCLUSIONS MiRNAs represent a tool to better classify and characterize PWS, providing new information about the clinical picture and the extent of steatosis.
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39
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Vallet C, Aschmann D, Beuck C, Killa M, Meiners A, Mertel M, Ehlers M, Bayer P, Schmuck C, Giese M, Knauer SK. Functional Disruption of the Cancer-Relevant Interaction between Survivin and Histone H3 with a Guanidiniocarbonyl Pyrrole Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5567-5571. [PMID: 31916356 PMCID: PMC7155087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein Survivin is highly upregulated in most cancers and considered to be a key player in carcinogenesis. We explored a supramolecular approach to address Survivin as a drug target by inhibiting the protein-protein interaction of Survivin and its functionally relevant binding partner Histone H3. Ligand L1 is based on the guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole cation and serves as a highly specific anion binder in order to target the interaction between Survivin and Histone H3. NMR titration confirmed binding of L1 to Survivin's Histone H3 binding site. The inhibition of the Survivin-Histone H3 interaction and consequently a reduction of cancer cell proliferation were demonstrated by microscopic and cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vallet
- Department of Molecular Biology IIUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 545141EssenGermany
| | - Dennis Aschmann
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural and Medicinal BiochemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Matthias Killa
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Annika Meiners
- Department of Molecular Biology IIUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 545141EssenGermany
| | - Marcel Mertel
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Martin Ehlers
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal BiochemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Michael Giese
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenGermany
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology IIUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 545141EssenGermany
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40
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Radiation resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: dire need for an appropriate sensitizer. Oncogene 2020; 39:3638-3649. [PMID: 32157215 PMCID: PMC7190570 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is a significant treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. Despite advances to improve treatment, many tumors acquire radiation resistance resulting in poor survival. Radiation kills cancer cells by inducing DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, radiation resistance is enhanced by efficient repair of damaged DNA. Head and neck cancers overexpress EGFR and have a high frequency of p53 mutations, both of which enhance DNA repair. This review discusses the clinical criteria for radiation resistance in patients with head and neck cancer and summarizes how cancer cells evade radiation-mediated apoptosis by p53- and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated DNA repair. In addition, we explore the role of cancer stem cells in promoting radiation resistance, and how the abscopal effect provides rationale for combination strategies with immunotherapy.
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41
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Hennigs JK, Minner S, Tennstedt P, Löser R, Huland H, Klose H, Graefen M, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Bokemeyer C, Honecker F. Subcellular Compartmentalization of Survivin is Associated with Biological Aggressiveness and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3250. [PMID: 32094363 PMCID: PMC7039909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of subcellular survivin compartmentalization in the biology and prognosis of prostate cancer is unclear. We therefore investigated subcellular localization of survivin in more than 3000 prostate cancer patients by quantitative immunohistochemistry and performed transcriptomics of 250 prostate cancer patients and healthy donors using publicly available datasets. Survivin (BIRC5) gene expression was increased in primary prostate cancers and metastases, but did not differ in recurrent vs non-recurrent prostate cancers. Survivin immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was limited exclusively to the nucleus in 900 prostate cancers (40.0%), and accompanied by various levels of cytoplasmic positivity in 1338 tumors (59.4%). 0.5% of prostate cancers did not express survivin. Nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin staining intensities were strongly associated with each other, pT category, and higher Gleason scores. Cytoplasmic but not nuclear survivin staining correlated with high tumor cell proliferation in prostate cancers. Strong cytoplasmic survivin staining, but not nuclear staining predicted an unfavorable outcome in univariate analyses. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that survivin is not an independent prognostic marker. In conclusion, we provide evidence that survivin expression is increased in prostate cancers, especially in metastatic disease, resulting in higher aggressiveness and tumor progression. In addition, subcellular compartmentalization is an important aspect of survivin cancer biology, as only cytoplasmic, but not nuclear survivin accumulation is linked to biological aggressiveness and prognosis of prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K Hennigs
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Oncology, Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Tennstedt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Löser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Oncology, Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Oncology, Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Oncology, Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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42
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Vallet C, Aschmann D, Beuck C, Killa M, Meiners A, Mertel M, Ehlers M, Bayer P, Schmuck C, Giese M, Knauer SK. Funktionelle Inhibition der krebsrelevanten Interaktion von Survivin und Histon H3 mit einem Guanidiniumcarbonylpyrrol‐Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vallet
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie II Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Dennis Aschmann
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Christine Beuck
- Lehrstuhl für strukturelle und medizinische Biochemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Matthias Killa
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Annika Meiners
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie II Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Marcel Mertel
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Martin Ehlers
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Peter Bayer
- Lehrstuhl für strukturelle und medizinische Biochemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Michael Giese
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Deutschland
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie II Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5 45141 Essen Deutschland
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43
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Mortazavi H, Nikfar B, Esmaeili SA, Rafieenia F, Saburi E, Chaichian S, Heidari Gorji MA, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Potential cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of berberine on gynaecological cancers with drug-associated resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111951. [PMID: 31821990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gynaecological disorders, such as cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers are the second most prevalent cancer types in women worldwide. Therapeutic approaches for gynaecological cancers involve chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. However, lifespan is not improved, and novel medications are required. Among various phytochemicals, berberine, a well-known natural product, has been shown to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of berberine have been investigated in the several experiments against numerous diseases. Here, we aimed to provide a literature review from available published investigations showing the anticancer effects of berberine and its various synthetic analogues against gynaecological disorders, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. In conclusion, berberine has been found to efficiently inhibit viability, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells, mainly, via induction of apoptosis by both mitochondrial dependent and -independent pathways. Additionally, structural modification of berberine showed that berberine analogues can improve its antitumor effects against gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mortazavi
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Department of Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafieenia
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Heidari Gorji
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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44
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Li J, Ding R, Gao H, Guo L, Yao X, Zhang Y, Tang J. New spirobisnaphthalenes from an endolichenic fungus strain CGMCC 3.15192 and their anticancer effects through the P53-P21 pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39082-39089. [PMID: 35540656 PMCID: PMC9075947 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from fungi have remained a rich resource for drug discovery. Here we report the isolation of three new spirobisnaphthalenes, namely sacrosomycin A-C (1-3), and three known analogues (4-6), from the ethyl acetate extract of a nonsporulating endolichenic fungus derived from Peltigera elisabethae var. mauritzii. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by IR, UV, MS, and NMR. Biological functions of these compounds were evaluated using cultured human cancer cell lines. Short-term cell growth and long-term cell survival assays show that compound 5 demonstrated the strongest cancer cell growth inhibition effect. We reveal that compound 5 induced both cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and cell death. Using western blotting, luciferase reporter assay and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we show that compound 5 induced up-regulation of the P53-P21 pathway, supporting the cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition effect of this compound. In contrast, these compounds did not induce cell death in a normal cell line. These results demonstrate a potential anticancer effect of this rare family of spirobisnaphthalene compounds isolated from endolichenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Rong Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Liangdong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 P. R. China
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45
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Pratama MY, Pascut D, Massi MN, Tiribelli C. The role of microRNA in the resistance to treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:577. [PMID: 31807558 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death with a limited efficacy of treatment for intermediate and advanced stages of the disease. Several therapeutic approaches such as trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with anthracyclines, cisplatin and multikinase inhibitor sorafenib have been appealing choices of treatments yet failed to reach a satisfactory outcome mainly due to the numerous mechanisms that influence patient's response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of many intracellular processes related to drug resistance. This phenomenon has been linked to the modulation of several complex pathways, ranging from the loss of ability of drug accumulation, protective mechanism of autophagy, adaptive mechanism of cancer cells towards the drugs-induced environment, decrease DNA damage and suppression of downstream events that transduce its signal into apoptosis. We summarize the recent findings on the involvement of miRNAs in various drug resistance-related mechanisms in the development of resistance to anthracyclines, cisplatin and sorafenib therapies. Furthermore, we describe the possible application of miRNAs as circulating biomarkers predicting therapy response in HCC. Thus, the undeniable potential and paramount role of miRNA in drug resistance may eventually lead to improved clinical strategies and outcomes for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Bazovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Bazovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Bazovizza, Trieste, Italy
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46
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Lim B, Greer Y, Lipkowitz S, Takebe N. Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081087. [PMID: 31370269 PMCID: PMC6721450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is an important hallmark of cancer cells. Alterations of apoptosis pathways are especially critical as they confer resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapeutics, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Thus, successful induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics may be a key strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules and enhancers of pro-apoptotic molecules are being actively developed for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in particular over the last decade. However, due to the complicated apoptosis process caused by a multifaceted connection with cross-talk pathways, protein–protein interaction, and diverse resistance mechanisms, drug development within the category has been extremely challenging. Careful design and development of clinical trials incorporating predictive biomarkers along with novel apoptosis-inducing agents based on rational combination strategies are needed to ensure the successful development of these molecules. Here, we review the landscape of currently available direct apoptosis-targeting agents in clinical development for cancer treatment and update the related biomarker advancement to detect and validate the efficacy of apoptosis-targeted therapies, along with strategies to combine them with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yoshimi Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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47
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Wang L, Xu ML, Xin L, Ma C, Yu G, Saravanakumar K, Wang MH. Oxidative stress induced apoptosis mediated anticancer activity of Rhus typhina fruits extract in human colon cancer. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Zafari P, Rafiei A, Esmaeili S, Moonesi M, Taghadosi M. Survivin a pivotal antiapoptotic protein in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21575-21587. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
- Student Research Committee Medical school, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Seyed‐Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center Bu‐Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Immunology, Student Research Committee Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Moonesi
- Department of Hematology School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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49
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Liu SH, Hong Y, Markowiak S, Sanchez R, Creeden J, Nemunaitis J, Kalinoski A, Willey J, Erhardt P, Lee J, van Dam M, Brunicardi FC. BIRC5 is a target for molecular imaging and detection of human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 457:10-19. [PMID: 31059751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer mortality with a dismal overall survival rate and an urgent need for detection of minute tumors. Current diagnostic modalities have high sensitivity and specificity for larger tumors, but not for minute PDAC. In this study, we test the feasibility of a precision diagnostic platform for detecting and localizing minute human PDAC in mice. This platform includes: 1) defining BIRC5 as an early PDAC-upregulated gene and utilizing an enhanced BIRC5 super-promoter to drive expression of dual Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and sr39 thymidine kinase (sr39TK) reporter genes exponentially and specifically in PDAC; 2) utilizing a genetically-engineered AAV2RGD to ensure targeted delivery of GLuc and sr39TK specifically to PDAC; 3) using serologic GLuc and sr39TK microPET/CT imaging to detect and localize minute human PDAC in mice. The study demonstrates feasibility of a precision diagnostic platform using an integrated technology through a multiple-stage amplification strategy of dual reporter genes to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of detection and localization of minute PDAC tumors and currently undetectable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-He Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Yeahwa Hong
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Stephen Markowiak
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Robbi Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Justin Creeden
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Andrea Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - James Willey
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Paul Erhardt
- Department of Pharmacology-Medicinal/Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jason Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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50
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Pereira SS, Monteiro MP, Antonini SR, Pignatelli D. Apoptosis regulation in adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R91-R104. [PMID: 30978697 PMCID: PMC6510712 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis evading is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells are characterized by having an impaired apoptosis signaling, a fact that deregulates the balance between cell death and survival, leading to tumor development, invasion and resistance to treatment. In general, patients with adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) have an extremely bad prognosis, which is related to disease progression and significant resistance to treatments. In this report, we performed an integrative review about the disruption of apoptosis in ACC that may underlie the characteristic poor prognosis in these patients. Although the apoptosis has been scarcely studied in ACC, the majority of the deregulation phenomena already described are anti-apoptotic. Most importantly, in a near future, targeting apoptosis modulation in ACC patients may become a promising therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia S Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Pignatelli:
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