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Yang C, Rubin L, Yu X, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Preclinical evidence using synthetic compounds and natural products indicates that AMPK represents a potential pharmacological target for the therapy of pulmonary diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1326-1369. [PMID: 38229486 DOI: 10.1002/med.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved eukaryotic enzyme discovered as a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, with anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, anticancer, and antifibrosis beneficial effects. AMPK is dysregulated in human pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury, nonsmall cell lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. This review provides an overview of the beneficial role of natural, synthetic, and Chinese traditional medicines AMPK modulators in pulmonary diseases, and highlights the role of the AMPK signaling pathway in the lung, emphasizing the importance of finding lead compounds and drugs that can target and modulate AMPK to treat the lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Limor Rubin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xiyong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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2
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Xie S, Liu Q, Fu C, Chen Y, Li M, Tian C, Li J, Han M, Li C. Molecular Regulation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development: Insights from Research on CDC23 Expression and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3664. [PMID: 38612477 PMCID: PMC11011816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 23 (CDC23) is a component of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) subunit in the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) complex, which participates in the regulation of mitosis in eukaryotes. However, the regulatory model and mechanism by which the CDC23 gene regulates muscle production in pigs are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of CDC23 in pigs, and the results indicated that CDC23 is widely expressed in various tissues and organs. In vitro cell experiments have demonstrated that CDC23 promotes the proliferation of myoblasts, as well as significantly positively regulating the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed a significant downregulation of the cell cycle pathway during the differentiation process of skeletal muscle satellite cells. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed a high degree of interaction between genes related to the cell cycle pathway and CDC23. Subsequently, in differentiated myocytes induced after overexpression of CDC23, the level of CDC23 exhibited a significant negative correlation with the expression of key factors in the cell cycle pathway, suggesting that CDC23 may be involved in the inhibition of the cell cycle signaling pathway in order to promote the differentiation process. In summary, we preliminarily determined the function of CDC23 with the aim of providing new insights into molecular regulation during porcine skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xie
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yansen Chen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Mengxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Cheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (Q.L.)
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3
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Wang CC, Lu DD, Shen MH, Chen RL, Zhang ZH, Lv JH. Clinical value of Cyclin D1 and P21 in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:123. [PMID: 37951919 PMCID: PMC10638720 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continuous discovery of new borderline thyroid lesions and benign and malignant "gray areas", coupled with the limitations of traditional immune indicators, the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has become more difficult. Cyclin D1 and P21 are cell cycle regulators involved in the occurrence and metastasis of multiple tumors, including PTC, but their specific functions are unclear. METHODS In our study, immunohistochemical staining was used to explore the expression of Cyclin D1 and P21 in PTC, paracancerous tissue, follicular adenoma (FA) and papillary thyroid hyperplasia. In addition, their relationship with the clinicopathological features of PTC and their differential diagnostic value in distinguishing between intralymph node PTC metastases and intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue were studied. RESULTS Among 200 primary PTC lesions, Cyclin D1 and P21 were found to be expressed in 186 (93.00%) and 177 (88.50%), respectively, and their expression levels were significantly higher in PTC tissue than in adjacent tissue, FA tissue and papillary thyroid hyperplasia tissue (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Cyclin D1 and P21 were positively correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) but not with sex, age, number of tumor lesions, histological subtype, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or TNM stage (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Cyclin D1 and P21 were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). The positivity rates of Cyclin D1 and P21 in intralymph node PTC metastases were 97.96% (48/49) and 89.80% (44/49), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue (P < 0.05). The sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of Cyclin D1 and P21 detection alone or in combination were higher than those of the combined detection of the classical antibody markers CK19, HBME-1 and Galectin-3. Besides, the Se, Sp, PPV and NPV of Cyclin D1 and P21 in differentiating intralymph node PTC metastases and intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue were higher. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that Cyclin D1 and P21 are highly sensitive and specific markers for the diagnosis of PTC that are superior to traditional classical antibodies. And, these two markers are of great value in the differential diagnosis of intralymph node PTC metastases and intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru-Lei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing-Huan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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Cheng X, Sun Y, Highkin M, Vemalapally N, Jin X, Zhou B, Prior JL, Tipton AR, Li S, Iliuk A, Achilefu S, Hagemann IS, Edwards JR, Bose R. Breast Cancer Mutations HER2V777L and PIK3CAH1047R Activate the p21-CDK4/6-Cyclin D1 Axis to Drive Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2839-2857. [PMID: 37272756 PMCID: PMC10527017 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancer, HER2-activating mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in PIK3CA, TP53, or CDH1. Of these co-occurring mutations, HER2 and PIK3CA are the most commonly comutated gene pair, with approximately 40% of HER2-mutated breast cancers also having activating mutations in PIK3CA. To study the effects of co-occurring HER2 and PIK3CA mutations, we generated genetically engineered mice with the HER2V777L; PIK3CAH1047R transgenes (HP mice) and studied the resulting breast cancers both in vivo as well as ex vivo using cancer organoids. HP breast cancers showed accelerated tumor formation in vivo and increased invasion and migration in in vitro assays. HP breast cancer cells were resistant to the pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, neratinib, but were effectively treated with neratinib plus the HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan. Proteomic and RNA-seq analysis of HP breast cancers identified increased gene expression of cyclin D1 and p21WAF1/Cip1 and changes in cell-cycle markers. Combining neratinib with CDK4/6 inhibitors was another effective strategy for treating HP breast cancers, with neratinib plus palbociclib showing a statistically significant reduction in development of mouse HP tumors as compared to either drug alone. The efficacy of both the neratinib plus trastuzumab deruxtecan and neratinib plus palbociclib combinations was validated using a human breast cancer patient-derived xenograft with very similar HER2 and PIK3CA mutations to the HP mice. Further, these two drug combinations effectively treated spontaneous lung metastasis in syngeneic mice transplanted with HP breast cancer organoids. This study provides valuable preclinical data to support the ongoing phase 1 clinical trials of these drug combinations in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE In HER2-mutated breast cancer, PIK3CA mutation activates p21-CDK4/6-cyclin D1 signaling to drive resistance to HER2-targeted therapies, which can be overcome using CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cheng
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yirui Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Maureen Highkin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nagalaxmi Vemalapally
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brandon Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julie L. Prior
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ashley R. Tipton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, 1201 Cumberland Ave. West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ian S. Hagemann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - John R. Edwards
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ron Bose
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Maheshwari M, Yadav N, Hasanain M, Pandey P, Sahai R, Choyal K, Singh A, Nengroo MA, Saini KK, Kumar D, Mitra K, Datta D, Sarkar J. Inhibition of p21 activates Akt kinase to trigger ROS-induced autophagy and impacts on tumor growth rate. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1045. [PMID: 36522339 PMCID: PMC9755229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its ability to induce cellular senescence, inhibit PCNA, and arrest cell division cycle by negatively regulating CDKs as well as being a primary target of p53, p21 is traditionally considered a tumor suppressor. Nonetheless, several reports in recent years demonstrated its pro-oncogenic activities such as apoptosis inhibition by cytosolic p21, stimulation of cell motility, and promoting assembly of cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. These opposing effects of p21 on cell proliferation, supported by the observations of its inconsistent expression in human cancers, led to the emergence of the concept of "antagonistic duality" of p21 in cancer progression. Here we demonstrate that p21 negatively regulates basal autophagy at physiological concentration. Akt activation, upon p21 attenuation, driven ROS accumulation appears to be the major underlying mechanism in p21-mediated modulation of autophagy. We also find p21, as a physiological inhibitor of autophagy, to have oncogenic activity during early events of tumor development while its inhibition favors survival and growth of cancer cells in the established tumor. Our data, thereby, reveal the potential role of autophagy in antagonistic functional duality of p21 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Maheshwari
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rohit Sahai
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kuldeep Choyal
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Akhilesh Singh
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mushtaq A. Nengroo
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Krishan K. Saini
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India ,grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Dipak Datta
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Emdal KB, Palacio-Escat N, Wigerup C, Eguchi A, Nilsson H, Bekker-Jensen DB, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU, Puissant A, Itzykson R, Saez-Rodriguez J, Masson K, Blume-Jensen P, Olsen JV. Phosphoproteomics of primary AML patient samples reveals rationale for AKT combination therapy and p53 context to overcome selinexor resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111177. [PMID: 35947955 PMCID: PMC9380259 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with variable patient responses to therapy. Selinexor, an inhibitor of nuclear export, has shown promising clinical activity for AML. To identify the molecular context for monotherapy sensitivity as well as rational drug combinations, we profile selinexor signaling responses using phosphoproteomics in primary AML patient samples and cell lines. Functional phosphosite scoring reveals that p53 function is required for selinexor sensitivity consistent with enhanced efficacy of selinexor in combination with the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3a. Moreover, combining selinexor with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 overcomes dysregulated AKT-FOXO3 signaling in resistant cells, resulting in synergistic anti-proliferative effects. Using high-throughput spatial proteomics to profile subcellular compartments, we measure global proteome and phospho-proteome dynamics, providing direct evidence of nuclear translocation of FOXO3 upon combination treatment. Our data demonstrate the potential of phosphoproteomics and functional phosphorylation site scoring to successfully pinpoint key targetable signaling hubs for rational drug combinations. Phosphoproteomics with functional scoring uncovers context for selinexor sensitivity Functional p53 correlates with selinexor sensitivity, which is enhanced by nutlin-3a Dysregulated AKT-FOXO3 drives selinexor resistance, which is overcome with MK-2206 Spatial proteomics reveals selinexor-induced nucleocytoplasmic protein shuttling
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Emdal
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolàs Palacio-Escat
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant-Zentrum, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Akihiro Eguchi
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte B Bekker-Jensen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant-Zentrum, Heidelberg, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Jesper V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Khan MGM, Wang Y. Advances in the Current Understanding of How Low-Dose Radiation Affects the Cell Cycle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030356. [PMID: 35159169 PMCID: PMC8834401 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to ionizing radiation undergo a series of complex responses, including DNA damage, reproductive cell death, and altered proliferation states, which are all linked to cell cycle dynamics. For many years, a great deal of research has been conducted on cell cycle checkpoints and their regulators in mammalian cells in response to high-dose exposures to ionizing radiation. However, it is unclear how low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) regulates the cell cycle progression. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that LDIR may have profound effects on cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how LDIR (of up to 200 mGy) regulates the cell cycle and cell-cycle-associated proteins in various cellular settings. In light of current findings, we also illustrate the conceptual function and possible dichotomous role of p21Waf1, a transcriptional target of p53, in response to LDIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Gulam Musawwir Khan
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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8
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Galinski B, Alexander TB, Mitchell DA, Chatwin HV, Awah C, Green AL, Weiser DA. Therapeutic Targeting of Exportin-1 in Childhood Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6161. [PMID: 34944778 PMCID: PMC8699059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Exportin-1 (XPO1), a key regulator of nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport, is associated with inferior patient outcomes across a range of adult malignancies. Targeting XPO1 with selinexor has demonstrated promising results in clinical trials, leading to FDA approval of its use for multiple relapsed/refractory cancers. However, XPO1 biology and selinexor sensitivity in childhood cancer is only recently being explored. In this review, we will focus on the differential biology of childhood and adult cancers as it relates to XPO1 and key cargo proteins. We will further explore the current state of pre-clinical and clinical development of XPO1 inhibitors in childhood cancers. Finally, we will outline potentially promising future therapeutic strategies for, as well as potential challenges to, integrating XPO1 inhibition to improve outcomes for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basia Galinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Thomas B. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Hannah V. Chatwin
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Chidiebere Awah
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Adam L. Green
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Weiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
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9
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Zhang X, Li M, Jiang X, Ma H, Fan S, Li Y, Yu C, Xu J, Khan R, Jiang H, Shi Q. Nuclear translocation of MTL5 from cytoplasm requires its direct interaction with LIN9 and is essential for male meiosis and fertility. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009753. [PMID: 34388164 PMCID: PMC8386835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is essential for the generation of gametes and sexual reproduction, yet the factors and underlying mechanisms regulating meiotic progression remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that MTL5 translocates into nuclei of spermatocytes during zygotene-pachytene transition and ensures meiosis advances beyond pachytene stage. MTL5 shows strong interactions with MuvB core complex components, a well-known transcriptional complex regulating mitotic progression, and the zygotene-pachytene transition of MTL5 is mediated by its direct interaction with the component LIN9, through MTL5 C-terminal 443–475 residues. Male Mtl5c-mu/c-mu mice expressing the truncated MTL5 (p.Ser445Arg fs*3) that lacks the interaction with LIN9 and is detained in cytoplasm showed male infertility and spermatogenic arrest at pachytene stage, same as that of Mtl5 knockout mice, indicating that the interaction with LIN9 is essential for the nuclear translocation and function of MTL5 during meiosis. Our data demonstrated MTL5 translocates into nuclei during the zygotene-pachytene transition to initiate its function along with the MuvB core complex in pachytene spermatocytes, highlighting a new mechanism regulating the progression of male meiosis. Meiosis is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the factors regulating the progression of meiosis remain largely unknown. We reported the testis specific protein MTL5 translocated into the nuclei of spermatocytes at the zygotene-pachytene transition by direct interaction with LIN9, which is an essential component of MuvB core complex, to promote meiotic progression beyond the pachytene stage. We also showed that MTL5 pulls down MYBL1 and all of the MuvB core complex (except LIN54) in spermatocytes. Given the known role of the MuvB core complex as a cell cycle regulator in mitotic cells, we suggested that MTL5 promotes meiotic progression along with the MuvB core complex to ensure male fertility. Our results indicated a novel function of the MuvB complex in male meiosis and also shed light on the master regulator proteins that control meiotic progression at the pachytene stage. MTL5 is a novel and germ-cell specific regulator of cell cycle progression to function at a specific stage by nuclear translocation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (XJ); (HJ); (QS)
| | - Hui Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suixing Fan
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianze Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (XJ); (HJ); (QS)
| | - Qinghua Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (XJ); (HJ); (QS)
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10
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Wang Q, Yu X, Zheng Z, Chen F, Yang N, Zhou Y. Centromere protein N may be a novel malignant prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11342. [PMID: 33987018 PMCID: PMC8101454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest tumors. The majority of HCC is detected in the late stage, and the clinical results for HCC patients are poor. There is an urgent need to discover early diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HCC. Methods The GSE87630 and GSE112790 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and normal tissues. R packages were used for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of the DEGs. A Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to develop a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and also cytoHubba, Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE), EMBL-EBI, CCLE, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Oncomine analyses were performed to identify hub genes. Gene expression was verified with a third GEO dataset, GSE25097. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to explore the correlations between the hub genes and clinical indexes of HCC patients. The functions of the hub genes were enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the biological significance of the hub genes was explored by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunofluorescence, CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell and flow cytometry assays with loss-of-function experiments in vitro. Results Centromere protein N (CENPN) was screened as a hub gene affecting HCC tumorigenesis. Evaluation by Cox regression showed that a high level of CENPN expression was an independent danger variable for poor prognosis of HCC. GSEA showed that high CENPN expression was linked to the following pathways: liver cancer subclass proliferation, cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, Rb1 pathway, positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition, and DNA damage response signal transduction by p53 class moderators. Further cell experiments showed that knocking down CENPN expression decreased the proliferation and colony-forming abilities of HepG2 and Huh7 cells as well as Ki67 expression in these cell lines. The cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase, which is consistent with previous experiments on CENPN downregulation., but neither migration nor invasion were significantly affected. Western blot results revealed that the expression of p53, p27, p21, CDK4, cyclin D1, CDK2, cyclin E, pRb, E2F1 and c-myc decreased after CENPN knockdown, but there was no significant change in total Rb levels. In addition, CENPN-knockdown cells subjected to irradiation showed significantly enhanced of γ-H2AX expression and reduced colony formation. Conclusion CENPN functions as an oncogene in HCC and may be a therapeutic target and promising prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhewen Zheng
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Maros ME, Balla P, Micsik T, Sapi Z, Szendroi M, Wenz H, Groden C, Forsyth RG, Picci P, Krenacs T. Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Expression in Multinucleated Giant Cells of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: do They Proliferate? Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:643146. [PMID: 34257609 PMCID: PMC8262213 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.643146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the monocyte macrophage lineage form multinucleated giant cells (GCs) by fusion, which may express some cell cycle markers. By using a comprehensive marker set, here we looked for potential replication activities in GCs, and investigated whether these have diagnostic or clinical relevance in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). GC rich regions of 10 primary and 10 first recurrence GCTB cases were tested using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays. The nuclear positivity rate of the general proliferation marker, replication licensing, G1/S-phase, S/G2/M-phase, mitosis promoter, and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor reactions was analyzed in GCs. Concerning Ki67, moderate SP6 reaction was seen in many GC nuclei, while B56 and Mib1 positivity was rare, but the latter could be linked to more aggressive (p = 0.012) phenotype. Regular MCM6 reaction, as opposed to uncommon MCM2, suggested an initial DNA unwinding. Early replication course in GCs was also supported by widely detecting CDK4 and cyclin E, for the first time, and confirming cyclin D1 upregulation. However, post-G1-phase markers CDK2, cyclin A, geminin, topoisomerase-2a, aurora kinase A, and phospho-histone H3 were rare or missing. These were likely silenced by upregulated CDK inhibitors p15INK4b, p16INK4a, p27KIP1, p53 through its effector p21WAF1 and possibly cyclin G1, consistent with the prevention of DNA replication. In conclusion, the upregulation of known and several novel cell cycle progression markers detected here clearly verify early replication activities in GCs, which are controlled by cell cycle arresting CDK inhibitors at G1 phase, and support the functional maturation of GCs in GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate E Maros
- 1 Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biomedical Informatics at the Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Balla
- 1 Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Micsik
- 1 Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Sapi
- 1 Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklos Szendroi
- Department of Orthopedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Holger Wenz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ramses G Forsyth
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Experimental Pathology, University Ziekenhuis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- 1 Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Zhao X, Gu H, Wang L, Zhang P, Du J, Shen L, Jiang D, Wang J, Li X, Zhang S, Li M, Zhu L. MicroRNA‑23a‑5p mediates the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3705-3714. [PMID: 32901860 PMCID: PMC7533443 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is a highly ordered and complex biological process that is mediated by numerous regulatory factors. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve key roles in skeletal myogenesis. The present study showed that the expression levels of miR-23a-5p showed a dynamic change from decrease to increase during C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Functional analysis using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation and Cell Counting Kit-8 detection assays indicated that overexpression of miR-23a-5p significantly promoted C2C12 myoblast proliferation compared with the negative control. In addition, in C2C12 myoblasts transfected with miR-23a-5p mimics, increased expression levels of regulators associated with cell proliferation (Cyclin E, CCND1 and Cyclin B) were observed compared with the negative control. By contrast, overexpression of miR-23a-5p decreased the expression levels of specific-myogenesis factors (MyoD, MyoG and Myf5) and decreased C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Luciferase activity assays indicated that miR-23a-5p suppressed the luciferase activity of lncDum. Further analysis demonstrated that miR-23a-5p not only showed an opposite expression level pattern compared with lncDum, which was first increased and then decreased, but also had an opposite effect on the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts compared with lncDum which inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell differentiation. Taken together, these results indicated that miR-23a-5p may mediate the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, which may be involved in lncDum regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Linghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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13
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Pennycook BR, Barr AR. Restriction point regulation at the crossroads between quiescence and cell proliferation. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2046-2060. [PMID: 32564372 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of cell proliferation with reversible cell cycle exit into quiescence is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms and for tissue homeostasis in the adult. The decision between quiescence and proliferation occurs at the restriction point, which is widely thought to be located in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, when cells integrate accumulated extracellular and intracellular signals to drive this binary cellular decision. On the molecular level, decision-making is exerted through the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (Rb) transcriptional repressor to regulate the expression of cell cycle genes. Recently, the classical view of restriction point regulation has been challenged. Here, we review the latest findings on the activation of CDKs, Rb phosphorylation and the nature and position of the restriction point within the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betheney R Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Jishage M, Ito K, Chu CS, Wang X, Yamaji M, Roeder RG. Transcriptional down-regulation of metabolic genes by Gdown1 ablation induces quiescent cell re-entry into the cell cycle. Genes Dev 2020; 34:767-784. [PMID: 32381628 PMCID: PMC7263145 DOI: 10.1101/gad.337683.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, Jishage et al. show that hepatocyte-specific ablation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-associated Gdown1 leads to down-regulation of highly expressed genes involved in plasma protein synthesis and metabolism, a concomitant cell cycle re-entry associated with induction of cell cycle-related genes (including cyclin D1). Their findings establish an important physiological function for a Pol II regulatory factor (Gdown1) in the maintenance of normal liver cell transcription through constraints on cell cycle re-entry of quiescent hepatocytes. Liver regeneration and metabolism are highly interconnected. Here, we show that hepatocyte-specific ablation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-associated Gdown1 leads to down-regulation of highly expressed genes involved in plasma protein synthesis and metabolism, a concomitant cell cycle re-entry associated with induction of cell cycle-related genes (including cyclin D1), and up-regulation of p21 through activation of p53 signaling. In the absence of p53, Gdown1-deficient hepatocytes show a severe dysregulation of cell cycle progression, with incomplete mitoses, and a premalignant-like transformation. Mechanistically, Gdown1 is associated with elongating Pol II on the highly expressed genes and its ablation leads to reduced Pol II recruitment to these genes, suggesting that Pol II redistribution may facilitate hepatocyte re-entry into the cell cycle. These results establish an important physiological function for a Pol II regulatory factor (Gdown1) in the maintenance of normal liver cell transcription through constraints on cell cycle re-entry of quiescent hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Jishage
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chi-Shuen Chu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Masashi Yamaji
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 49267, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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15
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Understanding Failure and Improving Treatment Using HDAC Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020022. [PMID: 32019149 PMCID: PMC7168248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment regimens are required for castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) that become unresponsive to standard treatments, such as docetaxel and enzalutamide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors showed promising results in hematological malignancies, but they failed in solid tumors such as prostate cancer, despite the overexpression of HDACs in CRPC. Four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, pracinostat, panobinostat and romidepsin, underwent phase II clinical trials for prostate cancers; however, phase III trials were not recommended due to a majority of patients exhibiting either toxicity or disease progression. In this review, the pharmacodynamic reasons for the failure of HDAC inhibitors were assessed and placed in the context of the advancements in the understanding of CRPCs, HDACs and resistance mechanisms. The review focuses on three themes: evolution of androgen receptor-negative prostate cancers, development of resistance mechanisms and differential effects of HDACs. In conclusion, advancements can be made in this field by characterizing HDACs in prostate tumors more extensively, as this will allow more specific drugs catering to the specific HDAC subtypes to be designed.
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16
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Cyclin D degradation by E3 ligases in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:159-170. [PMID: 32006569 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
D cyclins include three isoforms: D1, D2, and D3. D cyclins heterodimerize with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) to form kinase complexes that can phosphorylate and inactivate Rb. Inactivation of Rb triggers the activation of E2F transcription factors, which in turn regulate the expression of genes whose products drive cell cycle progression. Because D-type cyclins function as mitogenic sensors that link growth factor signaling directly with G1 phase progression, it is not surprising that D cyclin accumulation is dysregulated in a variety of human tumors. Elevated expression of D cyclins results from gene amplification, increased gene transcription and protein translation, decreased microRNA levels, and inefficiency or loss of ubiquitylation-mediated protein degradation. This review focuses on the clinicopathological importance of D cyclins, how dysregulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) contributes to the overexpression of D cyclins, and the therapeutic potential through targeting D cyclin-related machinery in human tumors.
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17
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Duan L, Schimmelmann M, Wu Y, Reisch B, Faas M, Kimmig R, Winterhager E, Köninger A, Gellhaus A. CCN3 Signaling Is Differently Regulated in Placental Diseases Preeclampsia and Abnormally Invasive Placenta. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597549. [PMID: 33304321 PMCID: PMC7701218 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An adequate development of the placenta includes trophoblast differentiation with the processes of trophoblast migration, invasion, cellular senescence and apoptosis which are all crucial to establishing a successful pregnancy. Altered placental development and function lead to placental diseases such as preeclampsia (PE) which is mainly characterized by insufficient trophoblast invasion and abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) disorders (Placenta accreta, increta, or percreta) which are characterized by excessive trophoblast invasion. Both of them will cause maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality. However, the etiology of these diseases is still unclear. Our previous study has shown that the matricellular protein nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV, CCN3) induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, drives trophoblast cells into senescence and activates FAK and Akt kinases resulting in reduced cell proliferation and enhanced migration capability of the human trophoblast cell line SGHPL-5. The present study focuses on whether CCN3 can alter cell cycle-regulated pathways associated with trophoblast senescence and invasion activity in pathological versus gestational age-matched control placentas. METHODS Cell cycle regulator proteins were investigated by immunoblotting and qPCR. For localization of CCN3, p16, p21, and Cyclin D1 proteins, co-immunohistochemistry was performed. RESULTS In early-onset PE placentas, CCN3 was expressed at a significantly lower level compared to gestational age-matched controls. The decrease of CCN3 level is associated with an increase in p53, Cyclin E1 and pRb protein expression, whereas the level of cleaved Notch-1, p21, Cyclin D1, pFAK, pAKT, and pmTOR protein decreased. In term AIP placentas, the expression of CCN3 was significantly increased compared to matched term controls. This increase was correlated to an increase in p53, p16, p21, Cyclin D1, cleaved Notch-1, pFAK, pAkt, and pmTOR whereas pRb was significantly decreased. However, in late PE and early AIP placentas, no significant differences in CCN3, p16, p21, Cyclin D1, p53, and cleaved Notch-1 expression were found when matched to appropriate controls. CONCLUSIONS CCN3 expression levels are correlated to markers of cell cycle arrest oppositely in PE and AIP by activating the FAK/AKT pathway in AIP or down-regulating in PE. This may be one mechanism to explain the different pathological features of placental diseases, PE and AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schimmelmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beatrix Reisch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marijke Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU)/Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Gellhaus,
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeop Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechul Roh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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19
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McCann JL, Klein MM, Leland EM, Law EK, Brown WL, Salamango DJ, Harris RS. The DNA deaminase APOBEC3B interacts with the cell-cycle protein CDK4 and disrupts CDK4-mediated nuclear import of Cyclin D1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12099-12111. [PMID: 31217276 PMCID: PMC6690700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit-like protein 3B (APOBEC3B or A3B), as other APOBEC3 members, is a single-stranded (ss)DNA cytosine deaminase with antiviral activity. A3B is also overexpressed in multiple tumor types, such as carcinomas of the bladder, cervix, lung, head/neck, and breast. A3B generates both dispersed and clustered C-to-T and C-to-G mutations in intrinsically preferred trinucleotide motifs (TCA/TCG/TCT). A3B-catalyzed mutations are likely to promote tumor evolution and cancer progression and, as such, are associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, little is known about cellular processes that regulate A3B. Here, we used a proteomics approach involving affinity purification coupled to MS with human 293T cells to identify cellular proteins that interact with A3B. This approach revealed a specific interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). We validated and mapped this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Functional studies and immunofluorescence microscopy experiments in multiple cell lines revealed that A3B is not a substrate for CDK4-Cyclin D1 phosphorylation nor is its deaminase activity modulated. Instead, we found that A3B is capable of disrupting the CDK4-dependent nuclear import of Cyclin D1. We propose that this interaction may favor a more potent antiviral response and simultaneously facilitate cancer mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McCann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Madeline M Klein
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Evelyn M Leland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Emily K Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - William L Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Daniel J Salamango
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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20
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The Yin and Yang of cancer genes. Gene 2019; 704:121-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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p53 expression status is associated with cancer-specific survival in stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:797-805. [PMID: 30894685 PMCID: PMC6474280 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to elucidate whether p53 expression or TP53 mutation status was associated with cancer-specific survival in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III or high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We analysed CRCs (N = 621) for the presence of TP53 alterations and for p53 expression, using targeted resequencing and immunohistochemistry. CRCs were grouped into four subsets according to the p53 expression status, which included p53-no, mild, moderate and strong expression. RESULTS The distributions of CRCs were 19.85, 11.05, 17.7% and 51.5% in the p53-no, mild, moderate and strong expression groups, respectively. Cases in the p53-mild to moderate expression group were associated with a more frequent proximal location, undifferentiated histology, lower N category, extraglandular mucin production, microsatellite instability, CIMP-P1, CK7 expression and decreased CDX2 expression compared with those of cases of the p53-no expression and p53-strong expression groups. According to survival analysis, the p53-mild expression group showed a poor 5-year relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-4.60, P < 0.001) and poor 5-year cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.90, 95% CI = 1.28-6.57, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS p53-mild expression status was found to be an independent prognostic marker in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III and high-risk stage II CRC.
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22
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Moussa RS, Park KC, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Ironing out the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 in cancer: Novel iron chelating agents to target p21 expression and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:276-294. [PMID: 29572098 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) has become an important target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics with a number of Fe chelators entering human clinical trials for advanced and resistant cancer. An important aspect of the activity of these compounds is their multiple molecular targets, including those that play roles in arresting the cell cycle, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. At present, the exact mechanism by which Fe chelators regulate p21 expression remains unclear. However, recent studies indicate the ability of chelators to up-regulate p21 at the mRNA level was dependent on the chelator and cell-type investigated. Analysis of the p21 promoter identified that the Sp1-3-binding site played a significant role in the activation of p21 transcription by Fe chelators. Furthermore, there was increased Sp1/ER-α and Sp1/c-Jun complex formation in melanoma cells, suggesting these complexes were involved in p21 promoter activation. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of p21 expression in response to Fe chelator treatment in neoplastic cells will further clarify how these agents achieve their anti-tumor activity. It will also enhance our understanding of the complex roles p21 may play in neoplastic cells and lead to the development of more effective and specific anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan S Moussa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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23
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Li F, Li H, Zhang L, Li W, Deng J, An M, Wu S, Lu X, Ma R, Wang Y, Guo B, Lu J, Zhou Y. X chromosome-linked long noncoding RNA lnc-XLEC1 regulates c-Myc-dependent cell growth by collaborating with MBP-1 in endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:927-940. [PMID: 30698832 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nt long and have been described as the largest subclass in the noncoding transcriptome in humans. Although studies of lncRNAs in cancer have been continuing for a long time, no much has been known about X chromosome-linked lncRNAs. Here, by using RNA-seq we report the identification of a new X chromosome-linked lncRNA (lnc-XLEC1) that is aberrantly downregulated during the development of endometrial carcinoma (EC). The overexpression of lnc-XLEC1 reduces the migration and proliferation of EC cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that lnc-XLEC1 overexpression resulted in a substantial accumulation of EC cells in the G1 phase. In addition, lnc-XLEC1 had inhibitive effects that may result from its collaboration with MBP-1 during the suppression of the c-Myc expression and the negative regulating of the Cdk/Rb/E2F pathway. The anti-tumor effects of lnc-XLEC1 on EC progression suggest that lnc-XLEC1 has some potential value in anti-carcinoma therapies and deserves further investigation. Our study reported for the first time that the lnc-XLEC1 might be related to the incidence and prognosis of EC. Moreover, we discovered that this process might be related to somatic X dosage compensation and skewed X chromosome inactivation (SXCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxing An
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of English study, Faculty of Languages and Literatures, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Li Y, Huang J, Zeng B, Yang D, Sun J, Yin X, Lu M, Qiu Z, Peng W, Xiang T, Li H, Ren G. PSMD2 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by modulating p21 and p27 proteasomal degradation. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:109-122. [PMID: 29777785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and UPS-associated proteins have been implicated in the development of many human malignancies. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of 797 UPS-related genes using HiSeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified that PSMD2 was markedly upregulated in breast cancer. High PSMD2 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that transcriptome signatures involving proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were critically enriched in specimens with elevated PSMD2. Consistently, PSMD2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in vitro, as well as suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Rescue assays demonstrated that the cell cycle arrest caused by silencing PSMD2 partially resulted from increased p21 and/or p27. Mechanically, PSMD2 physically interacted with p21 and p27 and mediated their ubiquitin-proteasome degradation with the cooperation of USP14. Notably, intratumor injection of therapeutic PSMD2 small interfering RNA effectively delayed xenograft tumor growth accompanied by p21 and p27 upregulation. These data provide novel insight into the role of PSMD2 in breast cancer and suggest that PSMD2 may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pneumology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beilei Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuedong Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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25
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Li F, Jin D, Tang C, Gao D. CEP55 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/p21 signaling pathway in human glioma U251 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4789-4796. [PMID: 29552118 PMCID: PMC5840555 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glioma is one of the major malignancies worldwide with an increased mortality rate. Centrosomal protein of 55 kDa (CEP55) is an essential component of the CEP family and has been identified as a prognostic marker for multiple types of cancer. However, the function of CEP55 during glioma tumorigenesis remains unclear. In the present study, the data derived from the Oncomine database indicated that the expression of CEP55 is increased in glioma tissues compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, the expression of CEP55 was also increased at the level of mRNA and protein in glioma cell lines compared with normal human astrocytes. The knockdown of CEP55 expression inhibited the proliferation of glioma U251 cells, whereas overexpression of CEP55 induced the proliferation of U251 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the knockdown of CEP55 resulted in an increased number of cells arrested at G2/M phase, and apoptosis was promoted. Further investigations revealed that the overexpression of CEP55 increased the phosphorylation of Akt and inhibited the activity of p21. By contrast, the knockdown of CEP55 resulted in the opposite effects. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that CEP55 regulated the proliferation of glioma cells, further attributing to the carcinogenesis and progression of glioma via the PI3K/Akt/p21 signaling pathway. Therefore, CEP55 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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26
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Pulmonary fibrosis in vivo displays increased p21 expression reduced by 5-HT 2B receptor antagonists in vitro - a potential pathway affecting proliferation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1927. [PMID: 29386571 PMCID: PMC5792547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) has repeatedly been associated with the development of fibrotic disorders such as pulmonary fibrosis. By blocking the binding of 5-HT to 5-HT2B receptors with receptor antagonists, several pro-fibrotic mechanisms can be inhibited. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a model used to evaluate pathological mechanisms and pharmacological interventions. Previously we have shown attenuated fibrosis in systemic bleomycin-treated mice following treatment with two 5-HT2B receptor antagonists (EXT5 and EXT9). Our aim is to further identify cellular effects and signaling pathways associated with the anti-fibrotic effects of EXT5/9. Gene expressions in lung tissues from systemic bleomycin-treated mice were examined, revealing significant increased expression of Cdkn1α (a gene coding for p21), particularly in distal regions of the lung. In vitro studies in human lung fibroblasts revealed increased levels of p21 (p = 0.0032) and pAkt (p = 0.12) following treatment with 5-HT (10 µM). The induction of p21 and pAkt appears to be regulated by 5-HT2B receptors, with diminished protein levels following EXT9-treatment (p21 p = 0.0024, pAkt p = 0.15). Additionally, 5-HT induced fibroblast proliferation, an event significantly reduced by EXT5 (10 µM) and EXT9 (10 µM). In conclusion, our results suggest that 5-HT2B receptor antagonism attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in part by anti-proliferative effects, associated with inhibited pAkt/p21 signaling pathway.
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27
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Dong W, Li J, Liu Q, Liu C, Li C, Song G, Zhu H, Gao H, Zhang Y. P21 Waf1/Cip1 and p27 Kip1 are correlated with the development and invasion of prolactinoma. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:485-494. [PMID: 29230669 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle control can prevent excessive proliferative response in the pituitary homeostasis. Cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) are modulated by cyclins or Cdk inhibitors, such as p21 and p27, which can regulate cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phases. This study was conducted to evaluate the levels and the promoter region methylation status of p21 and p27 in prolactinomas (PRL) and analyze their association with clinicopathologic features. We found high-p21 level cases were featured by 5/23 and H-scores 142.3 ± 23.7 in invasive-PRL specimens, and 19/25 and 221.3 ± 45.4 in non-invasive specimens (x2 = 14.11, p = 0.000), while high-p27 level cases were featured by 6/23 and H-scores 129.8 ± 31.1 in invasive-PRL specimens, and 18/25 and 197.1 ± 46.6 in non-invasive specimens (x2 = 10.11, p = 0.001). A similar trend was also observed for p21 and p27 protein levels in PRL specimens through western-blot (P < 0.01, respectively). The Ki-67 index was much higher in invasive specimens than in non-invasive specimens (x2 = 10.10, p = 0.001). Average 33 CpG sites per sample were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF Mass array, and 7/33 CpG sites methylation levels of p27 were higher than 50%. There existed significant differences in 4 CpG sites between invasive specimens and non-invasive specimens (p < 0.01). We found that D2 receptor was closely correlated with p21 levels (P < 0.05, r = 0.567) and p27 levels (P < 0.05, r = 0.591). In PRL, the deficiency in p21 and p27 contributed to the tumor proliferation and migration and Cdk inhibitors may be used as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guidong Song
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6#, Beijing, 100050, China.
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28
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Gravina GL, Mancini A, Colapietro A, Marampon F, Sferra R, Pompili S, Biordi LA, Iorio R, Flati V, Argueta C, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Festuccia C. Pharmacological treatment with inhibitors of nuclear export enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111225-111245. [PMID: 29340049 PMCID: PMC5762317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Docetaxel (DTX) modestly increases patient survival of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) due to insurgence of pharmacological resistance. Deregulation of Chromosome Region Maintenance (CRM-1)/ exportin-1 (XPO-1)-mediated nuclear export may play a crucial role in this phenomenon. Material and methods Here, we evaluated the effects of two Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds, selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-251, in association with DTX by using 22rv1, PC3 and DU145 cell lines with their. DTX resistant derivatives. Results and conclusions We show that DTX resistance may involve overexpression of β-III tubulin (TUBB3) and P-glycoprotein as well as increased cytoplasmic accumulation of Foxo3a. Increased levels of XPO-1 were also observed in DTX resistant cells suggesting that SINE compounds may modulate DTX effectiveness in sensitive cells as well as restore the sensitivity to DTX in resistant ones. Pretreatment with SINE compounds, indeed, sensitized to DTX through increased tumor shrinkage and apoptosis by preventing DTX-induced cell cycle arrest. Basally SINE compounds induce FOXO3a activation and nuclear accumulation increasing the expression of FOXO-responsive genes including p21, p27 and Bim causing cell cycle arrest. SINE compounds-catenin and survivin supporting apoptosis. βdown-regulated Cyclin D1, c-myc, Nuclear sequestration of p-Foxo3a was able to reduce ABCB1 and TUBB3 H2AX levels, prolonged γ expression. Selinexor treatment increased DTX-mediated double strand breaks (DSB), and reduced the levels of DNA repairing proteins including DNA PKc and Topo2A. Our results provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic use of SINE compounds in combination with DTX suggesting their clinical use in mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leda Assunta Biordi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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29
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Liu Z, Gao W. Leptomycin B reduces primary and acquired resistance of gefitinib in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 335:16-27. [PMID: 28942004 PMCID: PMC5643250 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib has demonstrated dramatic clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, its therapeutic efficacy is ultimately limited by the development of acquired drug resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the potential utility of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB) in combination with gefitinib to overcome primary and acquired gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells. The combinative effects of gefitinib and LMB were evaluated by MTT and its underlining mechanism was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot. LMB displayed a synergistic effect on gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity in A549 (IC50: 25.0±2.1μM of gefitinib+LMB vs. 32.0±2.5μM of gefitinib alone, p<0.05). Gefitinib+LMB caused a significantly different cell cycle distribution and signaling pathways involved in EGFR/survivin/p21 compared with gefitinib. A549 cells then were treated with progressively increased concentrations of gefitinib (A549GR) or in combination with LMB (A549GLR) over 10months to generate gefitinib resistance. IC50 of gefitinib in A549GLR (37.0±2.8μM) was significantly lower than that in A549GR (53.0±3.0μM, p<0.05), which indicates that LMB could reverse gefitinib-induced resistance in A549. Further mechanism investigation revealed that the expression patterns of EGFR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in A549, A549GR, and A549GLR were significantly different. In conclusion, LMB at a very low concentration (0.5nM) combined with gefitinib showed synergistic therapeutic effects and ameliorated the development of gefitinib-induced resistance in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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30
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Wei WT, Nian XX, Wang SY, Jiao HL, Wang YX, Xiao ZY, Yang RW, Ding YQ, Ye YP, Liao WT. miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1 and MAPK1. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 29118671 PMCID: PMC5664829 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are regarded as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC), a series of miRNAs have been proven to involve into CRC carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Aberrant miR-422a expression and its roles have been reported in some cancers. However, the function and underlying mechanism of miR-422a in the progression of CRC remain largely unknown. METHODS Real-time PCR were used to quantify miR-422a expression in CRC tissues. Both vivo and vitro functional assays showed miR-422a inhibits CRC cell proliferation. Target prediction program (miRBase) and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the target genes AKT1 and MAPK1 of miR-422a. Specimens from 50 patients with CRC were analyzed for the correlation between the expression of miR-422a and the expression of the target genes AKT1 and MAPK1 by real-time PCR. RESULTS MiR-422a was down‑regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-422a inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth ability; inhibition of endogenous miR-422a, by contrast, promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth ability of CRC cells. MiR-422a directly targets 3'-UTR of the AKT1 and MAPK1, down-regulation of miR-422a led to the activation of Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation in CRC. In addition, miR-422a expression was negatively correlated with the expressions of AKT1 and MAPK1 in CRC tissues. CONCLUSION miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1 and MAPK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xin-Xin Nian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shu-Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Li Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yong-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Run-Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ya-Ping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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Yu P, Duan X, Cheng Y, Liu C, Chen Y, Liu W, Yin B, Wang X, Tao Z. Androgen-independent LNCaP cells are a subline of LNCaP cells with a more aggressive phenotype and androgen suppresses their growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1426-1434. [PMID: 28901378 PMCID: PMC5627872 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT, surgical or chemical castration) is the mainstay treatment for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa); however, patients ineluctably relapse despite extremely low androgen levels. This evolution of PCa indicates its lethal progression. In this study, to mimic the traits of clinical PCa progression in vitro, we investigated the alterations in the cell biological characteristics in androgen-independent LNCaP cells (LNCaP-AI cells) compared with LNCaP cells. We also examined the effects of androgen on LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion. Furthermore, AR was silenced in the LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cells to detect the roles taht AR plays in cell growth, apoptosis and PSA secretion. We found that prolonged androgen ablation increased the LNCaP-AI cell growth rate and cell invasiveness, and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the LNCaP-AI cells. Moreover, despite the fact that the LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cells expressed equal amounts of AR protein, androgen induced a greater secretion of PSA in the LNCaP-AI cells than in the LNCaP cells. The proliferation of the LNCaP-AI cells was not dependent on, but was suppressed by androgen, which led to arrest at the G1 phase. Conversely, androgen significantly increased LNCaP cell proliferation by promoting the G1-S transition. Moreover, the silencing of AR suppressed LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase rather than promoting apoptosis, and reduced PSA secretion. On the whole, our data suggest that LNCaP-AI cells have a more more aggressive phenotype compared with the LNCaP cells; AR remains a critical factor in the LNCaP-AI cells, and androgen suppresses LNCaP-AI cell growth by blocking the cell cycle at the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Yang HW, Chung M, Kudo T, Meyer T. Competing memories of mitogen and p53 signalling control cell-cycle entry. Nature 2017; 549:404-408. [PMID: 28869970 DOI: 10.1038/nature23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell proliferation is necessary for immune responses, tissue repair, and upkeep of organ function to maintain human health. When proliferating cells complete mitosis, a fraction of newly born daughter cells immediately enter the next cell cycle, while the remaining cells in the same population exit to a transient or persistent quiescent state. Whether this choice between two cell-cycle pathways is due to natural variability in mitogen signalling or other underlying causes is unknown. Here we show that human cells make this fundamental cell-cycle entry or exit decision based on competing memories of variable mitogen and stress signals. Rather than erasing their signalling history at cell-cycle checkpoints before mitosis, mother cells transmit DNA damage-induced p53 protein and mitogen-induced cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA to newly born daughter cells. After mitosis, the transferred CCND1 mRNA and p53 protein induce variable expression of cyclin D1 and the CDK inhibitor p21 that almost exclusively determines cell-cycle commitment in daughter cells. We find that stoichiometric inhibition of cyclin D1-CDK4 activity by p21 controls the retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2F transcription program in an ultrasensitive manner. Thus, daughter cells control the proliferation-quiescence decision by converting the memories of variable mitogen and stress signals into a competition between cyclin D1 and p21 expression. We propose a cell-cycle control principle based on natural variation, memory and competition that maximizes the health of growing cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Yang
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Takamasa Kudo
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Gookin S, Min M, Phadke H, Chung M, Moser J, Miller I, Carter D, Spencer SL. A map of protein dynamics during cell-cycle progression and cell-cycle exit. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2003268. [PMID: 28892491 PMCID: PMC5608403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-cycle field has identified the core regulators that drive the cell cycle, but we do not have a clear map of the dynamics of these regulators during cell-cycle progression versus cell-cycle exit. Here we use single-cell time-lapse microscopy of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) activity followed by endpoint immunofluorescence and computational cell synchronization to determine the temporal dynamics of key cell-cycle proteins in asynchronously cycling human cells. We identify several unexpected patterns for core cell-cycle proteins in actively proliferating (CDK2-increasing) versus spontaneously quiescent (CDK2-low) cells, including Cyclin D1, the levels of which we find to be higher in spontaneously quiescent versus proliferating cells. We also identify proteins with concentrations that steadily increase or decrease the longer cells are in quiescence, suggesting the existence of a continuum of quiescence depths. Our single-cell measurements thus provide a rich resource for the field by characterizing protein dynamics during proliferation versus quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gookin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingwei Min
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Harsha Phadke
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Iain Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dylan Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sabrina L. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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34
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Chen H, Xu X, Wang G, Zhang B, Wang G, Xin G, Liu J, Jiang Q, Zhang H, Zhang C. CDK4 protein is degraded by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in mitosis and reaccumulates in early G 1 phase to initiate a new cell cycle in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10131-10141. [PMID: 28446612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4 regulates G1/S phase transition in the mammalian cell cycle by phosphorylating retinoblastoma family proteins. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of CDK4 activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDK4 protein is degraded by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) during metaphase-anaphase transition in HeLa cells, whereas its main regulator, cyclin D1, remains intact but is sequestered in cytoplasm. CDK4 protein reaccumulates in the following G1 phase and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to facilitate the nuclear import of cyclin D1. Without CDK4, cyclin D1 cannot enter the nucleus. Point mutations that disrupt CDK4 and cyclin D1 interaction impair the nuclear import of cyclin D1 and the activity of CDK4. RNAi knockdown of CDK4 also induces cytoplasmic retention of cyclin D1 and G0/G1 phase arrest of the cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CDK4 protein is degraded in late mitosis and reaccumulates in the following G1 phase to facilitate the nuclear import of cyclin D1 for activation of CKD4 to initiate a new cell cycle in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Chen
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Wang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- the Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Qing Jiang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- the Cancer Research Center, Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,
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35
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Zhang HT, Gui T, Sang Y, Yang J, Li YH, Liang GH, Li T, He QY, Zha ZG. The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 Suppresses Chondrosarcoma Cell Growth via Regulation of YAP/p21/c-Myc Signaling. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2182-2192. [PMID: 28059436 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tian Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; College of Life Science and Technology; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Yuan Sang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Gui-Hong Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510240 China
| | - Thomas Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; College of Life Science and Technology; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510630 China
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36
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Thapa RK, Nguyen HT, Jeong JH, Kim JR, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Progressive slowdown/prevention of cellular senescence by CD9-targeted delivery of rapamycin using lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43299. [PMID: 28393891 PMCID: PMC5385881 DOI: 10.1038/srep43299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest and altered cell function, causes aging-related diseases. Hence, treatment modalities that could target aging cells would provide a robust therapeutic avenue. Herein, for the first time, we utilized CD9 receptors (overexpressed in senescent cells) for nanoparticle targeting in addition to the inherent β-galactosidase activity. In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells. The nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate particle size (~130 nm) with high drug-loading capacity (~20%). In vitro drug release was enhanced in the presence of β-galactosidase suggesting potential cargo drug delivery to the senescent cells. Furthermore, CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa exhibited high uptake and anti-senescence effects (reduced β-galactosidase and p53/p21/CD9/cyclin D1 expression, reduced population doubling time, enhanced cell proliferation and migration, and prevention of cell cycle arrest) in old human dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa significantly improved the proliferation capability of old cells as suggested by BrdU staining along with significant reductions in senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (IL-6 and IL-1β) (P < 0.05). Altogether, our findings suggest the potential applicability of CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa in targeted treatment of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 712-749, Republic of Korea
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37
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Profiling Cell Lines Nuclear Sub-proteome. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28188521 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6747-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Proteins are very dynamic within the cell and their localization and trafficking between subcellular compartments are critical for their correct function. Indeed, the abnormal localization of a protein might lead to the pathogenesis of several diseases. The association of cell fractionation methods and mass spectrometry based proteomic methods allow both the localization and quantification of proteins in different sub-compartments. Here we present a detailed protocol for enrichment, identification, and quantitation of the nuclear proteome in cell lines combining nuclear subproteome enrichment by differential centrifugation and high-throughput proteomics.
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Zhang J, Zhi X, Shi S, Tao R, Chen P, Sun S, Bian L, Xu Z, Ma L. SPOCK1 is up-regulated and promotes tumor growth via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:870-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Isoliquiritigenin exhibits anti-proliferative properties in the pituitary independent of estrogen receptor function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:204-214. [PMID: 27702603 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plant flavonoid isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a botanical estrogen widely taken as an herbal supplement to ease the symptoms of menopause. ISL has been also shown to have anti-tumor properties in a number of cancer cell backgrounds. However, the effects of ISL on normal cells are less well known and virtually unstudied in the context of the pituitary gland. We have established a pituitary explant culture model to screen chemical agents for gene expression changes within the pituitary gland during a period of active proliferation and differentiation. Using this whole-organ culture system we found ISL to be weakly estrogenic based on its ability to induce Cckar mRNA expression, an estrogen receptor (ER) mediated gene. Using a range of ISL from 200nM to 200μM, we discovered that ISL promoted cell proliferation at a low concentration, yet potently inhibited proliferation at the highest concentration. ICI 182,780 failed to antagonize ISL's repression of pituitary cell proliferation, indicating the effect is independent of ER signaling. Coincident with a decrease in proliferating cells, we observed down-regulation of transcript for cyclin D2 and E2 and a strong induction of mRNA and protein for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21). Importantly, high dose ISL did not alter the balance of progenitor vs. differentiated cell types within the pituitary explants and they seemed otherwise healthy; however, TUNEL staining revealed an increase in apoptotic cell death in ISL treated cultures. Our results merit further examination of ISL as an anti-tumor agent in the pituitary gland.
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40
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Qie S, Diehl JA. Cyclin D1, cancer progression, and opportunities in cancer treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1313-1326. [PMID: 27695879 PMCID: PMC5145738 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells encode three D cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) that coordinately function as allosteric regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 to regulate cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Cyclin expression, accumulation, and degradation, as well as assembly and activation of CDK4/CDK6 are governed by growth factor stimulation. Cyclin D1 is more frequently dysregulated than cyclin D2 or D3 in human cancers, and as such, it has been more extensively characterized. Overexpression of cyclin D1 results in dysregulated CDK activity, rapid cell growth under conditions of restricted mitogenic signaling, bypass of key cellular checkpoints, and ultimately, neoplastic growth. This review discusses cyclin D1 transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulations and its biological function with a particular focus on the mechanisms that result in its dysregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Brookes S, Gagrica S, Sanij E, Rowe J, Gregory FJ, Hara E, Peters G. Evidence for a CDK4-dependent checkpoint in a conditional model of cellular senescence. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1164-73. [PMID: 25695870 PMCID: PMC4613988 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, the stable cell cycle arrest elicited by various forms of stress, is an important facet of tumor suppression. Although much is known about the key players in the implementation of senescence, including the pRb and p53 axes and the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4a and p21CIP1, many details remain unresolved. In studying conditional senescence in human fibroblasts that express a temperature sensitive SV40 large T-antigen (T-Ag), we uncovered an unexpected role for CDK4. At the permissive temperature, where pRb and p53 are functionally compromised by T-Ag, cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are disrupted by the high p16INK4a levels and reduced expression of p21CIP1. In cells arrested at the non-permissive temperature, p21CIP1 promotes reassembly of cyclin D-CDK4 yet pRb is in a hypo-phosphorylated state, consistent with cell cycle arrest. In exploring whether the reassembled cyclin D-CDK4-p21 complexes are functional, we found that shRNA-mediated knockdown or chemical inhibition of CDK4 prevented the increase in cell size associated with the senescent phenotype by allowing the cells to arrest in G1 rather than G2/M. The data point to a role for CDK4 kinase activity in a G2 checkpoint that contributes to senescence.
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Key Words
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CDK, cyclin dependent kinase
- CDK4
- FACS, fluorescence actvated cell sorting
- HFs, human fibroblasts
- PI, propidium iodide
- SA-βgal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity
- SV40 T-antigen
- SV40, simian virus 40
- TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase
- human fibroblasts
- p16INK4a
- p21CIP1
- p53
- pRb, retinoblastoma protein
- retinoblastoma protein
- senescence
- shRNA, short-hairpin RNA
- ts, temperature sensitive
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Brookes
- a Cancer Research-UK London Research Institute ; London , UK
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Kipkeew F, Kirsch M, Klein D, Wuelling M, Winterhager E, Gellhaus A. CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN3 (NOV) signaling drives human trophoblast cells into senescence and stimulates migration properties. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:163-78. [PMID: 26744771 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1139265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During placental development, continuous invasion of trophoblasts into the maternal compartment depends on the support of proliferating extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Unlike tumor cells, EVTs escape from the cell cycle before invasion into the decidua and spiral arteries. This study focused on the regulation properties of glycosylated and non-glycosylated matricellular CCN1 and CCN3, primarily for proliferation control in the benign SGHPL-5 trophoblast cell line, which originates from the first-trimester placenta. Treating SGHPL-5 trophoblast cells with the glycosylated forms of recombinant CCN1 and CCN3 decreased cell proliferation by bringing about G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by the upregulation of activated Notch-1 and its target gene p21. Interestingly, both CCN proteins increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of the senescence marker p16. The migration capability of SGHPL-5 cells was mostly enhanced in response to CCN1 and CCN3, by the activation of FAK and Akt kinase but not by the activation of ERK1/2. In summary, both CCN proteins play a key role in regulating trophoblast cell differentiation by inducing senescence and enhancing migration properties. Reduced levels of CCN1 and CCN3, as found in early-onset preeclampsia, could contribute to a shift from invasive to proliferative EVTs and may explain their shallow invasion properties in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kipkeew
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manuela Kirsch
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- c Institute of Cell Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manuela Wuelling
- d Department of Developmental Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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Gravina GL, Mancini A, Sanita P, Vitale F, Marampon F, Ventura L, Landesman Y, McCauley D, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Festuccia C. KPT-330, a potent and selective exportin-1 (XPO-1) inhibitor, shows antitumor effects modulating the expression of cyclin D1 and survivin [corrected] in prostate cancer models. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:941. [PMID: 26620414 PMCID: PMC4666032 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased expression of Chromosome Region Maintenance (CRM-1)/exportin-1 (XPO-1) has been correlated with poor prognosis in several aggressive tumors, making it an interesting therapeutic target. Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds bind to XPO-1 and block its ability to export cargo proteins. Here, we investigated the effects of a new class of SINE compounds in models of prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the expression of XPO-1 in human prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Next, six SINE (KPT-127, KPT-185, KPT-205, KPT-225, KPT-251 and KPT-330) compounds having different potency with broad-spectrum, tumor-selective cytotoxicity, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profiles were tested in a panel of prostate cancer cells representing distinct differentiation/progression states of disease and genotypes. Two SINE candidates for clinical trials (KPT-251 and KPT-330) were also tested in vivo in three cell models of aggressive prostate cancer engrafted in male nude mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS XPO-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer compared to normal or hyperplastic tissues. Increased XPO-1 expression, mainly in the nuclear compartment, was associated with increased Gleason score and bone metastatic potential supporting the use of SINEs in advanced prostate cancer. SINE compounds inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells, but did not affect immortalized non-transformed prostate epithelial cells. Nuclei from SINE treated cells showed increased protein localization of XPO-1, survivin and cyclin D1 followed by degradation of these proteins leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oral administration of KPT-251 and KPT-330 in PC3, DU145 and 22rv1 tumor-bearing nude mice reduced tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and induced apoptosis. Our results provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic use of SINE compounds in advanced/castration resistant prostate cancers and warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Sanita
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Flora Vitale
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Luca Ventura
- Pathology Division, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Ohkoshi S, Yano M, Matsuda Y. Oncogenic role of p21 in hepatocarcinogenesis suggests a new treatment strategy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12150-6. [PMID: 26576099 PMCID: PMC4641132 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-known tumor suppressor, p21, acts paradoxically by promoting tumor growth in some cellular conditions. These conflicting functions have been demonstrated in association with the HBx gene and in hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular behavior of p21 depends on its subcellular localization. Nuclear p21 may inhibit cell proliferation and be proapoptotic, while cytoplasmic p21 may have oncogenic and anti-apoptotic functions. Because most typical tumor suppressive proteins also have different effects according to subcellular localization, elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of these proteins would be significant and may lead to a new strategy for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a major nuclear export receptor involved in transport of tumor suppressors from nucleus to cytoplasm. Expression of CRM1 is enhanced in a variety of malignancies and in vitro studies have shown the efficacy of specific inhibition of CRM1 against cancer cell lines. Interestingly, interferon may keep p21 in the nucleus; this is one of the mechanisms of its anti-hepatocarcinogenic function. Here we review the oncogenic property of p21, which depends on its subcellular localization, and discuss the rationale underlying a new strategy for HCC treatment and prevention.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Abstract
Cyclin D1 binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (Cdk4/6) to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins, relieving E2F/DPs from the negative restraint of RB proteins and histone deacetylases. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes activate cyclin E/Cdk2 through titration of the Cdk inhibitors p21Cip1/p27Kip1. Cyclin E/Cdk2 further phosphorylates RBs, thereby activating E2F/DPs, and cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle. Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 also phosphorylates MEP50 subunit of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which cooperates with cyclin D1 to drive lymphomagenesis in vivo. Activated PRMPT5 causes arginine methylation of p53 to suppress expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative target genes, explaining the molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis. Cyclin D1 physically interacts with transcription factors such as estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and Myb family proteins to regulate gene expression in Cdk-independent fashion. Dmp1 is a Myb-like protein that quenches the oncogenic signals from activated Ras or HER2 by inducing Arf/p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Cyclin D1 binds to Dmp1α to activate both Arf and Ink4a promoters to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in non-transformed cells to prevent them from neoplastic transformation. Dmp1-deficiency significantly accelerates mouse mammary tumorigenesis with reduced apoptosis and increased metastasis. Cyclin D1 interferes with ligand activation of PPARγ involved in cellular differentiation; it also physically interacts with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and p300 to repress gene expression. It has also been shown that cyclin D1 accelerates tumorigenesis through transcriptional activation of miR-17/20 and Dicer1 which, in turn, represses cyclin D1 expression. Identification of cyclin D1-binding proteins/promoters will be essential for further clarification of its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Paternot S, Colleoni B, Bisteau X, Roger PP. The CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor PD0332991 paradoxically stabilizes activated cyclin D3-CDK4/6 complexes. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2879-88. [PMID: 25486476 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.946841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK4 and CDK6 bound to D-type cyclins are master integrators of G1 phase cell cycle regulations by initiating the inactivating phosphorylation of the central oncosuppressor pRb. Because of their frequent deregulation in cancer, cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes are emerging as especially promising therapeutic targets. The specific CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991 is currently tested in a growing number of phase II/III clinical trials against a variety of pRb-proficient chemotherapy-resistant cancers. We have previously shown that PD0332991 inhibits not only CDK4/6 activity but also the activation by phosphorylation of the bulk of cyclin D-CDK4 complexes stabilized by p21 binding. Here we show that PD0332991 has either a positive or a negative impact on the activation of cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes, depending on their binding to p21. Indeed, whereas PD0332991 inhibits the phosphorylation and activity of p21-bound CDK4/6, it specifically stabilized activated cyclin D3-CDK4/6 complexes devoid of p21 and p27. After elimination of PD0332991, these activated cyclin D3-CDK4/6 complexes persisted for at least 24 h, resulting in paradoxical cell cycle entry in the absence of a mitogenic stimulation. This unsuspected positive effect of PD0332991 on cyclin D3-CDK4/6 activation should be carefully assessed in the clinical evaluation of PD0332991, which until now only involves discontinuous administration protocols.
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Key Words
- 2D, 2-dimensional
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CAK, CDK-activating kinase
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CDK4
- CDK6
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PD033, PD0332991
- PD0332991
- Palbociclib
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- cell cycle-based tumor therapeutics
- cyclin D3
- p21
- pRb, retinoblastoma susceptibility protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Paternot
- a WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) ; Université Libre de Bruxelles ; Campus Erasme; Brussels , Belgium
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47
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Kim JY, Park SY, Lyoo HR, Koo ES, Kim MS, Jeong YS. Extended stability of cyclin D1 contributes to limited cell cycle arrest at G1-phase in BHK-21 cells with Japanese encephalitis virus persistent infection. J Microbiol 2015; 53:77-83. [PMID: 25557483 PMCID: PMC7090764 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-4661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that many RNA viruses manipulate cell cycle control to achieve favorable cellular environments for their efficient replication during infection. Although virus-induced G0/G1 arrest often delays early apoptosis temporarily, a prolonged replication of the infected virus leads host cells to eventual death. In contrast, most mammalian cells with RNA virus persistent infection often escape cytolysis in the presence of productive viral replication. In this study, we demonstrated that the extended endurance of cyclin D1 was clearly associated with the suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) expression in BHK-21 cells that are persistently infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The G0/G1 arrest of these cells turned much loose compared to the normal BHK-21 cells with JEV acute infection. After cycloheximide treatment, cyclin D1 in the persistently infected cells lasted several hours longer than those in acutely infected cells. Furthermore, both p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, positive regulators for cyclin D1 accumulation in the nucleus, were suppressed in their expression, which contrasts with those in JEV acute infection. Inhibition of the GSK-3ß by lithium chloride treatment rescued a significant number of cells from cytolysis in JEV acute infection, which coincided with the levels of cyclin D1 that escaped from proteolysis. Therefore, the limitation of G1/S arrest in the BHK-21 cells with JEV persistent infection is associated with the suppression of GSK-3ß expression, resulting in the extended duration of cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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48
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Vera-Sirera B, Forner-Navarro L, Vera-Sempere F. Differential expression of cyclin D1 in keratin-producing odontogenic cysts. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e59-65. [PMID: 25475773 PMCID: PMC4320422 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression levels of Cyclin D1 (CCD1), a nuclear protein that plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, in a series of keratin-producing odontogenic cysts.
Study Design: A total of 58 keratin-producing odontogenic cysts, diagnosed over ten years and classified according to the WHO 2005 criteria, were immunohistochemically analyzed in terms of CCD1 expression, which was quantified in the basal, suprabasal and intermediate/superficial epithelial compartments. The extent of immunostaining was measured as a proportion of total epithelial thickness. Quantified immunohistochemical data were correlated with clinicopathological features and clinical recurrence.
Results: Keratin-producing odontogenic cysts were classified as 6 syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors (S-KCOT), 40 sporadic or non-syndromic KCOT (NS-KCOT) and 12 orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOC). Immunohistochemically, CCD1 staining was evident predominantly in the parabasal region of all cystic lesions, but among-lesion differences were apparent, showing a clear expansion of parabasal compartment especially in the S-KCOT, followed to a lesser extent in the NS-KCOT, and being much more reduced in the OOC, which had the greatest average epithelial thickness.
Conclusions: The differential expression of CCD1 noted in the present study suggests that dysregulation of cell cycle progression from G1 to the S phase contributes to the different aggressiveness of these lesions. However, CCD1 expression levels did not predict NS-KCOT recurrence, which is likely influenced by factors unrelated to lesion biology.
Key words:Keratin-producing odontogenic cyst, keratocyst, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst, cyclin D1, immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vera-Sirera
- S de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Avda Campanar 21, 46009 - Valencia, Sapin,
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49
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Gravina GL, Senapedis W, McCauley D, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Festuccia C. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport as a therapeutic target of cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:85. [PMID: 25476752 PMCID: PMC4272779 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuttling of specific proteins out of the nucleus is essential for the regulation of the cell cycle and proliferation of both normal and malignant tissues. Dysregulation of this fundamental process may affect many other important cellular processes such as tumor growth, inflammatory response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. It is known that XPO1 (Exportin-1/Chromosome Region Maintenance 1/CRM1) is the main mediator of nuclear export in many cell types. Nuclear proteins exported to the cytoplasm by XPO1 include the drug targets topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) and BCR-ABL and tumor suppressor proteins such as Rb, APC, p53, p21, and p27. XPO1 can mediate cell proliferation through several pathways: (i) the sub-cellular localization of NES-containing oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins, (ii) the control of the mitotic apparatus and chromosome segregation, and (iii) the maintenance of nuclear and chromosomal structures. The XPO1 protein is elevated in ovarian carcinoma, glioma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic and cervical cancer. There is a growing body of research indicating that XPO1 may have an important role as a prognostic marker in solid tumors. Because of this, nuclear export inhibition through XPO1 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in many cancers. The best understood XPO1 inhibitors are the small molecule nuclear export inhibitors (NEIs; Leptomycin B and derivatives, ratjadones, PKF050-638, valtrate, ACA, CBS9106, selinexor/KPT-330, and verdinexor/KPT-335). Selinexor and verdinexor are orally bioavailable, highly potent, small molecules that are classified as Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE). KPT-330 is the only NEI currently in Phase I/II human clinical trials in hematological and solid cancers. Of all the potential targets in nuclear cytoplasmic transport, the nuclear export receptor XPO1 remains the best understood and most advanced therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Dilara McCauley
- />Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., 85 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA USA
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- />Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., 85 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA USA
| | - Sharon Shacham
- />Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., 85 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA USA
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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50
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Bachmann K, Neumann A, Hinsch A, Nentwich MF, El Gammal AT, Vashist Y, Perez D, Bockhorn M, Izbicki JR, Mann O. Cyclin D1 is a strong prognostic factor for survival in pancreatic cancer: analysis of CD G870A polymorphism, FISH and immunohistochemistry. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:316-23. [PMID: 25470788 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cyclin D1 is an important regulator protein for the G1-S cell cycle phase transition. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the impact of the CCND1 polymorphism G870A and corresponding protein expression and CCND1 amplification on the survival of the patients. METHODS 425 patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent resection were included after histopathological confirmation. DNA was analyzed for Cyclin D1 polymorphisms, immunhistochemical examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the tumor were performed. RESULTS Overall, the mean survival was 22.9 months (20.5-25.3). The survival in patients with Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism Adenine/Adenine was 15.1 months (95% CI 11.3-18.9), 21.5 months (17.4-25.6) for Adenine/Guanine, and 29.4 months (95% CI 23.8-35.0) for Guanine/Guanine (P = 0.003). A shorter survival was associated with strong/moderate protein expression in immunohistochemistry (IHC) compared to weak/no expression (P = 0.028). Additionally, a significant coherency between unfavourable polymorphism (AA/AG) and increased protein expression was detected (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS A strong impact on survival of Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism and the detected corresponding protein expression was found. The biological mechanism of CCND1 in carcinogenesis has not been fully examined; but at present Cyclin D1 seems to be an interesting biomarker for the prognosis of ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bachmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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