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Mendes FS, Luizon MR, Lopes ACDS, Pereira DA, Evangelista FCG, Godoi LC, Dusse LM, Alpoim PN. Early and late-onset preeclampsia: effects of DDAH2 polymorphisms on ADMA levels and association with DDAH2 haplotypes. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2024; 46:e-rbgo19. [PMID: 38765527 PMCID: PMC11075394 DOI: 10.61622/rbgo/2024ao19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether the DDAH2 promoter polymorphisms -1415G/A (rs2272592), -1151A/C (rs805304) and -449G/C (rs805305), and their haplotypes, are associated with PE compared with normotensive pregnant women, and whether they affect ADMA levels in these groups. Methods A total of 208 pregnant women were included in the study and classified as early-onset (N=57) or late-onset PE (N =49), and as normotensive pregnant women (N = 102). Results Pregnant with early-onset PE carrying the GC and GG genotypes for the DDAH2 -449G/C polymorphism had increased ADMA levels (P=0.01). No association of DDAH2 polymorphisms with PE in single-locus analysis was found. However, the G-C-G haplotype was associated with the risk for late-onset PE. Conclusion It is suggested that DDAH2 polymorphisms could affect ADMA levels in PE, and that DDAH2 haplotypes may affect the risk for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Santos Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina dos Santos Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Alves Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Lara Carvalho Godoi
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luci Maria Dusse
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Liu G, Tan L, Zhao X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Gao H, Liu M, Qin W. Anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms associated with regulation of non-coding RNAs by active monomers of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283494. [PMID: 38026969 PMCID: PMC10657887 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases with a high mortality rate. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), RNA molecules that do not encode proteins in human genome transcripts, are known to play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Recently, researches on the regulation of atherosclerosis by ncRNAs, mainly including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have gradually become a hot topic. Traditional Chinese medicine has been proved to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases in China for a long time, and its active monomers have been found to target a variety of atherosclerosis-related ncRNAs. These active monomers of traditional Chinese medicine hold great potential as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we summarized current advancement of the molecular pathways by which ncRNAs regulate atherosclerosis and mainly highlighted the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in regulating atherosclerosis through targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Liqiang Tan
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Zejin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Honggang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Meifang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
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3
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Kozlova AA, Rubets E, Vareltzoglou MR, Jarzebska N, Ragavan VN, Chen Y, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Gainetdinov RR, Rodionov RN, Bernhardt N. Knock-out of the critical nitric oxide synthase regulator DDAH1 in mice impacts amphetamine sensitivity and dopamine metabolism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1097-1112. [PMID: 36792833 PMCID: PMC10460711 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of nitric oxide levels by degrading the main endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Growing evidence highlight the potential implication of DDAH/ADMA axis in the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of DDAH1 in behavioral endophenotypes with neuropsychiatric relevance. To achieve this, a global DDAH1 knock-out (DDAH1-ko) mouse strain was employed. Behavioral testing and brain region-specific neurotransmitter profiling have been conducted to assess the effect of both genotype and sex. DDAH1-ko mice exhibited increased exploratory behavior toward novel objects, altered amphetamine response kinetics and decreased dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) level in the piriform cortex and striatum. Females of both genotypes showed the most robust amphetamine response. These results support the potential implication of the DDAH/ADMA pathway in central nervous system processes shaping the behavioral outcome. Yet, further experiments are required to complement the picture and define the specific brain-regions and mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Kozlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Rubets
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalini R Vareltzoglou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinitha N Ragavan
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | | | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Pereira WR, Ferreira JCB, Artioli GG. Commentary: Aldehyde dehydrogenase, redox balance and exercise physiology: What is missing? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 283:111470. [PMID: 37364662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in reactive aldehyde detoxification. Approximately 560 million people (about 8% of the world's population) carry a point mutation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2), identified as ALDH2*2, which leads to decreased ALDH2 catalytic activity. ALDH2*2 variant is associated with an accumulation of toxic reactive aldehydes and consequent disruption of cellular metabolism, which contributes to the establishment and progression of several degenerative diseases. Consequences of aldehyde accumulation include impaired mitochondrial functional, hindered anabolic signaling in the skeletal muscle, impaired cardiovascular and pulmonary function, and reduced osteoblastogenesis. Considering that aldehydes are endogenously produced through redox processes, it is expected that conditions that have a high energy demand, such as exercise, might be affected by impaired aldehyde clearance in ALDH2*2 individuals. Despite the large body of evidence supporting the importance of ALDH2 to ethanol metabolism, redox homeostasis and overall health, specific research investigating the impact of ALDH2*2 on phenotypes relevant to exercise performance are notoriously scarce. In this commentary, we highlight the consolidated knowledge on the impact of ALDH2*2 on physiological processes that are relevant to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Ribeiro Pereira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Overexpression of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 protects from asymmetric dimethylarginine-induced endothelial dysfunction and aortic remodeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9381. [PMID: 35672381 PMCID: PMC9174227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are associated with an increased risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. ADMA can be metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) and by alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2). Deletion of DDAH1 in mice leads to elevation of ADMA in plasma and increase in blood pressure, while overexpression of human DDAH1 is associated with a lower plasma ADMA concentration and protective cardiovascular effects. The possible role of alternative metabolism of ADMA by AGXT2 remains to be elucidated. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that transgenic overexpression of AGXT2 leads to lowering of plasma levels of ADMA and protection from vascular damage in the setting of DDAH1 deficiency. We generated transgenic mice (TG) with ubiquitous overexpression of AGXT2. qPCR and Western Blot confirmed the expression of the transgene. Systemic ADMA levels were decreased by 15% in TG mice. In comparison with wild type animals plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylguanidino valeric acid (ADGV), the AGXT2 associated metabolite of ADMA, were six times higher. We crossed AGXT2 TG mice with DDAH1 knockout mice and observed that upregulation of AGXT2 lowers plasma ADMA and pulse pressure and protects the mice from endothelial dysfunction and adverse aortic remodeling. Upregulation of AGXT2 led to lowering of ADMA levels and protection from ADMA-induced vascular damage in the setting of DDAH1 deficiency. This is especially important, because all the efforts to develop pharmacological ADMA-lowering interventions by means of upregulation of DDAHs have been unsuccessful.
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Velusamy P, Su CH, Ramasamy P, Arun V, Rajnish N, Raman P, Baskaralingam V, Senthil Kumar SM, Gopinath SCB. Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Biomarkers for Noninvasive Disease Detection by Nanosensors: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1828-1839. [PMID: 35201946 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2043145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are biological molecules associated with physiological changes of the body and aids in the detecting the onset of disease in patients. There is an urgent need for self-monitoring and early detection of cardiovascular and other health complications. Several blood-based biomarkers have been well established in diagnosis and monitoring the onset of diseases. However, the detection level of biomarkers in bed-side analysis is difficult and complications arise due to the endothelial dysfunction. Currently single volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based sensors are available for the detection of human diseases and no dedicated nanosensor is available for the elderly. Moreover, accuracy of the sensors based on a single analyte is limited. Hence, breath analysis has received enormous attention in healthcare due to its relatively inexpensive, rapid, and noninvasive methods for detecting diseases. This review gives a detailed analysis of how biomarker imprinted nanosensor can be used as a noninvasive method for detecting VOC to health issues early using exhaled breath analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Palaniappan Ramasamy
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Arun
- Department of Biotechnology SRFBMST, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Rajnish
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pachaiappan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology and Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (CoExNano), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
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7
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Raj V, Natarajan S, C M, Chatterjee S, Ramasamy M, Ramanujam GM, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Arockiaraj J, Karuppiah K. Cholecalciferol and metformin protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction and senescence by modulating sirtuin-1 and protein arginine methyltransferase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174531. [PMID: 34710370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation through nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases leads to increased biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, cellular injury and vascular inflammation under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Recent studies report that LPS up-regulated global methyltransferase activity. In this study, we observed that a combination treatment with metformin (MET) and cholecalciferol (VD) blocked the LPS-induced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase (SDM) activity in Eahy926 cells. We found that LPS challenge (i) increased arginine methylation through up-regulated protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) mRNA, intracellular concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (HCY); (ii) up-regulated cell senescence through mitigated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) mRNA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration, telomerase activity and total antioxidant capacity; and (iii) lead to endothelial dysfunction through compromised nitric oxide (NOx) production. However, these LPS-mediated cellular events in Eahy926 cells were restored by the synergistic effect of MET and VD. Taken together, this study identified that the dual compound effect inhibits LPS-induced protein arginine methylation, endothelial senescence and dysfunction through the components of epigenetic machinery, SIRT1 and PRMT1, which is a previously unidentified function of the test compounds. In silico results identified the presence of vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequence on PRMT1 suggesting that VDR could regulate PRMT1 gene expression. Further characterization of the cellular events associated with the dual compound challenge, using gene silencing approach or adenoviral constructs for SIRT1 and/or PRMT1 under inflammatory stress, could identify therapeutic strategies to address the endothelial consequences in vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Raj
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Suganya Natarajan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Marimuthu C
- Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Karuppiah
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India.
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8
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Lee TS, Lu TM, Chen CH, Guo BC, Hsu CP. Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction and accelerates atherosclerosis by disturbing the asymmetric dimethylarginine/dimethylarginine dimethylaminotransferase 2 pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102108. [PMID: 34438260 PMCID: PMC8390558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is closely associated with the mobility and mortality of patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, how hyperuricemia accelerates atherosclerosis progression is not well understood. The balance between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminotransferases (DDAHs) is crucial to regulate vascular homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the role of the ADMA/DDAH pathway in hyperuricemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms in endothelial cells (ECs) and apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoe-/-) mice. Our results demonstrated that uric acid at pathological concentrations increased the intracellular levels of ADMA and downregulated DDAH-2 expression without affecting DDAH-1 expression. Excess uric acid also reduced NO bioavailability and increased monocyte adhesion to ECs, which were abolished by using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or DDAH-2 overexpression. In apoe-/- mice, treatment with oxonic acid, a uricase inhibitor, increased the circulating level of uric acid, cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation; exacerbated systemic and aortic inflammation; and worsened atherosclerosis compared with vehicle-treated apoe-/- mice. Furthermore, oxonic acid-treated apoe-/- mice exhibited elevated ADMA plasma level and downregulated aortic expression of DDAH-2 protein. Notably, DDAH-2 overexpression in the ECs of apoe-/- mice prevented hyperuricemia-induced deleterious effects from influencing ADMA production, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Collectively, our findings suggest that hyperuricemia disturbs the balance of the ADMA/DDAH-2 axis, results in EC dysfunction, and, consequently, accelerates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tse-Min Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Chia Guo
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Zhao Y, Ma X, Zhou Y, Xie J, Liu X, Zhao Y. DDAH-1, via regulation of ADMA levels, protects against ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier leakage. J Transl Med 2021; 101:808-823. [PMID: 33574439 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylamino hydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) is an important regulator of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, its role in cerebral ischemia still needs to be elucidated. Herein, we examined the expression of DDAH-1 in the brain of rat by double-label immunofluorescence staining. DDAH-1 knock-out (DDAH-1-/-) and wild-type rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). After 24 h, neurological scores, TTC staining and TUNEL assay were used to evaluate neurological damages. 3 and 7-days infarct outcomes were also shown. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability was examined via Evans blue extravasation and tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and mRNA levels by western blot and RT-qPCR. The levels of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), NO and ADMA in brain tissue were also assessed. In addition, supplementation of L-arginine to DDAH-1-/- rats was used to explore its role in regulating NO. DDAH-1 was abundantly distributed in cerebral cortex and basal nuclei, and mainly expressed in neurons and endothelial cells. DDAH-1-/- rats showed aggravated neurological damage and BBB disruption, including decrease of TJ proteins expression but indistinguishable mRNA levels after MCAO/R. DDAH-1 depletion and neurological damages were accompanied with increased ADMA levels and decreased NO concentrations. The supplementation with L-arginine partly restored the neurological damages and BBB disruption. To sum up, DDAH-1 revealed to have a protective role in ischemia stroke (IS) and IS-induced leakage of BBB via decreasing ADMA level and possibly via preventing TJ proteins degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Junchao Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
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Cziráki A, Lenkey Z, Sulyok E, Szokodi I, Koller A. L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide-Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Pathway and the Coronary Circulation: Translation of Basic Science Results to Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569914. [PMID: 33117166 PMCID: PMC7550781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By 1980, it was thought that we already knew most of the major mechanisms regulating vascular tone. However, after the somewhat serendipity discovery that endothelium is involved in mediation of relaxation to acetylcholine, a whole new world opened up and we had to rewrite our concept regarding vascular function and its regulation (not to mention many other fields). The new player was an endothelium derived relaxing factor, which molecular constitution has been identified to be nitric oxide (NO). This review summarizes the major molecular steps concerning how NO is synthetized from L-arginine. Also, the fate of L-arginine is described via the arginase and methylation pathways; both of them are affecting substantially the level and efficacy of NO. In vitro and in vivo effects of L-arginine are summarized and controversial clinical findings are discussed. On the basis of the use of methylated L-arginines, the vasomotor effects of endothelial NO released to agonists and increases in flow/wall shear stress (a major biological stimulus) is summarized. In this review the role of NO in the regulation of coronary vascular resistance, hence blood flow, is delineated and the somewhat questionable clinical use of NO donors is discussed. We made an attempt to summarize the biosynthesis, role, and molecular mechanisms of endogenously produced methylated L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in modulating vascular resistance, affecting the function of the heart. Additionally, the relationship between ADMA level and various cardiovascular diseases is described, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and different types of coronary revascularization. A novel aspect of coronary vasomotor regulation is identified in which the pericardial fluid ADMA and endothelin play putative roles. Finally, some of the open possibilities for future research on L-arginine-NO-ADMA signaling are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Cziráki
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Lenkey
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- Institute of Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Szokodi
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Center for Sports Physiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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11
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Guan D, Xiong Y, Trinh TM, Xiao Y, Hu W, Jiang C, Dierickx P, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD, Lazar MA. The hepatocyte clock and feeding control chronophysiology of multiple liver cell types. Science 2020; 369:1388-1394. [PMID: 32732282 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most cells of the body contain molecular clocks, but the requirement of peripheral clocks for rhythmicity and their effects on physiology are not well understood. We show that deletion of core clock components REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ in adult mouse hepatocytes disrupts diurnal rhythms of a subset of liver genes and alters the diurnal rhythm of de novo lipogenesis. Liver function is also influenced by nonhepatocytic cells, and the loss of hepatocyte REV-ERBs remodels the rhythmic transcriptomes and metabolomes of multiple cell types within the liver. Finally, alteration of food availability demonstrates the hierarchy of the cell-intrinsic hepatocyte clock mechanism and the feeding environment. Together, these studies reveal previously unsuspected roles of the hepatocyte clock in the physiological coordination of nutritional signals and cell-cell communication controlling rhythmic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Trang Minh Trinh
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Trittmann JK, Almazroue H, Jin Y, Nelin LD. DDAH1 regulates apoptosis and angiogenesis in human fetal pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14150. [PMID: 31209995 PMCID: PMC6579941 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is an endogenous pulmonary vasodilator produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Asymmetric dimethyl L‐arginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS activity. In endothelial cells, ADMA is hydrolyzed to L‐citrulline primarily by dimethylarginine dimethyl‐aminohydrolase‐1 (DDAH1). We tested the hypothesis that DDAH1 expression is essential for maintaining NO production in human fetal pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hfPMVEC), such that knockdown of DDAH1 expression will lead to decreased NO production resulting in less caspase‐3 activation and less tube formation. We found that hfPMVEC transfected with DDAH1 siRNA had lower NO production than control, with no difference in eNOS protein levels between groups. hfPMVEC transfected with DDAH1 siRNA had lower protein levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and ‐8 than control. Both DDAH1 siRNA‐ and ADMA‐treated hfPMVEC had greater numbers of viable cells than controls. Angiogenesis was assessed using tube formation assays in matrigel, and tube formation was lower after either DDAH1 siRNA transfection or ADMA treatment than controls. Addition of an NO donor restored cleaved caspase‐3 and ‐8 protein levels after DDAH1 siRNA transfection in hfPMVEC to essentially the levels seen in scramble control. Addition of a putative caspase‐3 inhibitor to DDAH1 siRNA transfected and NO‐donor treated cells led to greater numbers of viable cells and far less angiogenesis than in any other group studied. We conclude that in hfPMVEC, DDAH1 is central to the regulation of NO‐mediated caspase‐3 activation and the resultant apoptosis and angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that DDAH1 may be a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertensive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Trittmann
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hanadi Almazroue
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Jin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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13
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Yang D, Yang Z, Chen L, Kuang D, Zou Y, Li J, Deng X, Luo S, Luo J, He J, Yan M, He G, Deng Y, Li R, Yuan Q, Zhou Y, Jiang P, Tan S. Dihydromyricetin increases endothelial nitric oxide production and inhibits atherosclerosis through microRNA-21 in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5911-5925. [PMID: 32301289 PMCID: PMC7214150 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products were extracted from traditional Chinese herbal emerging as potential therapeutic drugs for treating cardiovascular diseases. This study examines the role and underlying mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, in atherosclerosis. DMY treatment significantly inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation, proinflammatory gene expression and the influx of lesional macrophages and CD4‐positive T cells in the vessel wall and hepatic inflammation, whereas increases nitric oxide (NO) production and improves lipid metabolism in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Yet, those protective effects are abrogated by using NOS inhibitor L‐NAME in Apoe−/− mice received DMY. Mechanistically, DMY decreases microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and increases its target gene dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase‐1 (DDAH1) expression, an effect that reduces asymmetric aimethlarginine (ADMA) levels, and increases endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and NO production in cultured HUVECs, vascular endothelium of atherosclerotic lesions and liver. In contrast, systemic delivery of miR‐21 in Apoe−/− mice or miR‐21 overexpression in cultured HUVECs abrogates those DMY‐mediated protective effects. These data demonstrate that endothelial miR‐21‐inhibited DDAH1‐ADMA‐eNOS‐NO pathway promotes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which can be rescued by DMY. Thus, DMY may represent a potential therapeutic adjuvant in atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhousheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dabin Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgey, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guixia He
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- New Drugs Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenglan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Wetzel MD, Gao T, Stanley K, Cooper TK, Morris SM, Awad AS. Enhancing kidney DDAH-1 expression by adenovirus delivery reduces ADMA and ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F509-F517. [PMID: 31904280 PMCID: PMC7052661 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00518.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress, is a hallmark characteristic in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). High levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are observed in several diseases including DN and are a strong prognostic marker for cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. ADMA, an endogenous endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) inhibitor, is selectively metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Low DDAH levels have been associated with cardiac and renal dysfunction, but its effects on DN are unknown. We hypothesized that enhanced renal DDAH-1 expression would improve DN by reducing ADMA and restoring NOS3 levels. DBA/2J mice injected with multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin were subsequently injected intrarenally with adenovirus expressing DDAH-1 (Ad-h-DDAH-1) or vector control [Ad-green fluorescent protein (GFP)], and mice were followed for 6 wk. Diabetes was associated with increased kidney ADMA and reduced kidney DDAH activity and DDAH-1 expression but had no effect on kidney DDAH-2 expression. Ad-GFP-treated diabetic mice showed significant increases in albuminuria, histological changes, glomerular macrophage recruitment, inflammatory cytokine and fibrotic markers, kidney ADMA levels, and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances excretion as an indicator of oxidative stress, along with a significant reduction in kidney DDAH activity and kidney NOS3 mRNA compared with normal mice. In contrast, Ad-h-DDAH-1 treatment of diabetic mice reversed these effects. These data indicate, for the first time, that DDAH-1 mediates renal tissue protection in DN via the ADMA-NOS3-interaction. Enhanced renal DDAH-1 activity could be a novel therapeutic tool for treating patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wetzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaa S Awad
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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15
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Ma X, Liu X, Zhao Y, Liu X. DDAH-1 via HIF-1 target genes improves cerebral ischemic tolerance after hypoxic preconditioning and middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion. Nitric Oxide 2020; 95:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 deficiency aggravates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary oxidative stress, pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure in rats. Int J Cardiol 2019; 295:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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The Second Life of Methylarginines as Cardiovascular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184592. [PMID: 31533264 PMCID: PMC6769906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous methylarginines were proposed as cardiovascular risk factors more than two decades ago, however, so far, this knowledge has not led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The initial studies were primarily focused on the endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethylarginine (MMA) and the main enzyme regulating their clearance dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1). To date, all the screens for DDAH1 activators performed with the purified recombinant DDAH1 enzyme have not yielded any promising hits, which is probably the main reason why interest towards this research field has started to fade. The relative contribution of the second DDAH isoenzyme DDAH2 towards ADMA and MMA clearance is still a matter of controversy. ADMA, MMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are also metabolized by alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), however, in addition to methylarginines, this enzyme also has several cardiovascular protective substrates, so the net effect of possible therapeutic targeting of AGXT2 is currently unclear. Recent studies on regulation and functions of the enzymes metabolizing methylarginines have given a second life to this research direction. Our review discusses the latest discoveries and controversies in the field and proposes novel directions for targeting methylarginines in clinical settings.
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18
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A Pilot Study to Assess Kidney Functions and Toxic Dimethyl-arginines as Risk Biomarkers in Women with Low Vitamin D Levels. J Med Biochem 2019; 38:145-152. [PMID: 30867642 PMCID: PMC6411003 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although vitamin D in not a traditional marker for cardiovascular and renal diseases, several studies have proposed a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and these diseases due to the effect of vitamin D on endothelial function. Asymmetric and symmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are endogenous markers of endothelial dysfunction, and are considered as future markers for the assessment of cardiovascular and renal diseases. The present study investigated the association of kidney function tests (urea and creatinine) and dimethylarginine toxins (ADMA and SDMA) in women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. Indeed, sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) were analyzed in the participants. Methods Women were divided into two groups: premenopausal women (younger than 50 years) and postmenopausal women (older than 50 years). Urea, creatinine, estrogen, testosterone, ADMA, and SDMA levels were analyzed when vitamin D level was deficient or insufficient in the participants. Results The premenopausal women group showed no significant correlations between dimethylarginine toxins and renal failure tests or sex hormones. In the elderly (postmenstrual) women group, only SDMA was significantly correlated with urea and creatinine, while both ADMA and SDMA were not correlated with sex hormones. Conclusions Although ADMA and SDMA are promising candidates of endothelial dysfunction and are increased in menopause and aging, no direct link between ADMA and further progression of renal failure was observed in women with low vitamin D levels. In contrast, a possible direct correlation between SDMA and renal dysfunction was noticed, but only in an age-dependent manner.
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19
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Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Paliogiannis P, Pinna GA, Mangoni AA, Milanesi L, Carru C. A diethylpyrocarbonate-based derivatization method for the LC-MS/MS measurement of plasma arginine and its chemically related metabolites and analogs. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 492:29-36. [PMID: 30731087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in NO metabolism correlate with cardiovascular risk factors and are associated with endothelial dysfunction. NO availability is regulated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginine and some chemically related metabolites and analogs have the capacity to alter NOS activity. Hence the need for analytical methods for the simultaneous assessment of these analytes. METHODS Analytes (L-arginine (Arg), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA), L-homoarginine (hArg), asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (SDMA), and L-citrulline (CIT)) were isolated from human plasma by thermal coagulation of plasma followed by a derivatization with diethylpyrocarbonate. Carbetoxy derivatives were separated on a C18 reversed-phase column in <10 min using an aqueous solution of 0.4% v/v formic acid and acetonitrile (95:5, v/v) mixture as a mobile phase. Positive electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry in combination with specific multiple reaction monitoring transitions were used for detection of analytes and three deuterated forms of the analytes used as internal standards. RESULTS Intra- and inter-day precision %RSD values ranged between 3 and 5.5% and percentage recoveries were close to 100% for all analytes. Plasma concentrations in 20 healthy male volunteers were 58.62 ± 8.81 μmol/L for Arg, 105.08 ± 21.66 nmol/L for MMA, 1.88 ± 0.57 μmol/L for hArg, 0.612 ± 0.140 μmol/L for ADMA, 0.581 ± 0.172 μmol/L for SDMA, and 28.62 ± 11.60 μmol/L for Cit, respectively. CONCLUSION This LC-MS/MS method provides the capacity to quantify the plasma concentrations of arginine and some of its chemically related metabolites. Sample preparation was simple, inexpensive and effortless. Overall, given the short sample preparation and chromatographic run time, the method may be suitable for the fast and reproducible quantitative determination of the analytes in large clinical trials and routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU-SS), Sassari, Italy
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20
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Ramachandran S, Loganathan S, Cheeran V, Charles S, Munuswamy-Ramanujan G, Ramasamy M, Raj V, Mala K. Forskolin attenuates doxorubicin-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine and s-adenosylhomocysteine via methyltransferase activity in leukemic monocytes. Leuk Res Rep 2018; 9:28-35. [PMID: 29892545 PMCID: PMC5993357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor drug, associated with cardiomyopathy. Strategies to address DOX-cardiomyopathy are scarce. Here, we identify the effect of forskolin (FSK) on DOX-induced-asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA) accumulation in monocytoid cells. DOX-challenge led to i) augmented cytotoxicity, reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) production and methyltransferase-enzyme-activity identified as ADMA and s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) accumulation (SAH-A). However, except cytotoxicity, other DOX effects were decreased by metformin and FSK. FSK, did not alter the DOX-induced cytotoxic effect, but, decreased SAH-A by >50% and a combination of three drugs restored physiological methyltransferase-enzyme-activity. Together, protective effect of FSK against DOX-induced SAH-A is associated with mitigated methyltransferase-activity, a one-of-a-kind report.
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Key Words
- ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine
- CT, chemotherapy
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
- DDAH, dimethylarginine diaminohydrolase
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Endothelial dysfunction
- FSK, forskolin
- Forskolin
- HCY, homocysteine
- HTRF, homogenous time-resolved fluorescence
- L-arg, L-arginine
- L-cit, L-citrulline
- MET, metformin
- Metformin
- Methyltransferase
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OS, oxidative stress
- PRMT1, protein arginine methyltransferase1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAH, s-adenosylhomocysteine;
- SAH-A, SAH accumulation
- SAHH, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase
- SAM, s-adenosylmethionine
- SIRT1, sirtuin1
- cAMP, cyclic AMP
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhiya Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Swetha Loganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Vinnie Cheeran
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Soniya Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India.,Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | | | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Vijay Raj
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
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21
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Effect of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on the transcriptional profile of bovine jejunal epithelium. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194445. [PMID: 29554113 PMCID: PMC5858768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG), an accelerated growth phenomenon which occurs following a period of dietary restriction is utilised worldwide in animal production systems as a management practise to lower feed costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of jejunal epithelial to CG in cattle through transcriptional profiling following a period of dietary restriction as well as subsequent re-alimentation induced CG. Sixty Holstein Friesian bulls were separated into two groups; RES and ADLIB, with 30 animals in each. RES animals were offered a restricted diet for 125 days (Period 1) followed by ad libitum feeding for 55 days (Period 2). ADLIB animals had ad libitum access to feed across both periods 1 and 2. At the end of each period, 15 animals from each treatment group were slaughtered, jejunal epithelium collected and RNAseq analysis performed. Animals that were previously diet restricted underwent CG, gaining 1.8 times the rate of their non-restricted counterparts. Twenty-four genes were differentially expressed in RES compared to ADLIB animals at the end of Period 1, with only one gene, GSTA1, differentially expressed between the two groups at the end of Period 2. When analysed within treatment (RES, Period 2 v Period 1), 31 genes were differentially expressed between diet restricted and animals undergoing CG. Dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation were associated with altered expression of genes involved in digestion and metabolism as well as those involved in cellular division and growth. Compensatory growth was also associated with greater expression of genes involved in cellular protection and detoxification in jejunal epithelium. This study highlights some of the molecular mechanisms regulating the response to dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation induced CG in cattle; however the gene expression results suggest that most of the CG in jejunal epithelium had occurred by day 55 of re-alimentation.
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22
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Buijs N, Oosterink JE, Jessup M, Schierbeek H, Stolz DB, Houdijk AP, Geller DA, van Leeuwen PA. A new key player in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma: dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:557-565. [PMID: 28741166 PMCID: PMC5660142 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic therapies, targeting VEGF, are a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To enhance this potential therapy, identification of novel targets in this pathway is of major interest. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis. NO production depends on arginine as substrate and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as inhibitor. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH-1) catabolizes ADMA and therefore regulates NO and VEGF expression. This study unravels additional mechanisms to improve VEGF targeting therapies. METHODS The expression of DDAH-1 was examined in HCC specimen and non-tumorous background liver of 20 patients undergoing liver resection. Subsequently, arginine/ADMA balance, NO production, and VEGF expression were analyzed. The influence of hypoxia on DDAH-1 and angiogenesis promoting factors was evaluated in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS DDAH-1 expression was significantly induced in primary HCC tumors compared to non-tumorous background liver. This was associated with an increased arginine/ADMA ratio, higher NO formation, and higher VEGF expression in human HCC compared to non-tumorous liver. Hypoxia induced DDAH-1, iNOS, and VEGF expression in a time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DDAH-1 expression is increased in human HCC, which is associated with an increase in the arginine/ADMA ratio and enhanced NO formation. Hypoxia may be an initiating factor for the increase in DDAH-1 expression. DDAH-1 expression is associated with promotion of angiogenesis stimulating factor VEGF. Together, our findings for the first time identified DDAH-1 as a key player in the regulation of angiogenesis in human HCC, and by understanding this mechanism, future therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Buijs
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Surgery, Medical Center Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - J Efraim Oosterink
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan Jessup
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander P Houdijk
- Department of Surgery, Medical Center Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul A van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shin S, Thapa SK, Fung HL. Cellular interactions between L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine: Transport and metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178710. [PMID: 28562663 PMCID: PMC5451097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the effect of L-arginine (ARG) exposure on the disposition of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in human endothelial cells. Although the role of ADMA as an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is well-recognized, cellular interactions between ARG and ADMA are not well-characterized. EA.hy926 human vascular endothelial cells were exposed to 15N4-ARG, and the concentrations of 15N4-ARG and ADMA in the cell lysate and incubation medium were determined by a liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was estimated by utilizing cumulative nitrite concentration via a fluorometric assay. Cells incubated with 15N4-ARG exhibited enhanced nitrite production as well as 15N4-ARG cellular uptake. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in cellular ADMA level and increase in extracellular ADMA level, indicating an efflux of endogenous ADMA from the cell. The time courses of ADMA efflux as well as nitrite accumulation in parallel with 15N4-ARG uptake were characterized. Following preincubation with 15N4-ARG and D7-ADMA, the efflux of cellular 15N4-ARG and D7-ADMA was significantly stimulated by high concentrations of ARG or ADMA in the incubation medium, demonstrating trans-stimulated cellular transport of these two amino acids. D7-ADMA metabolism was inhibited in the presence of added ARG. These results demonstrated that in addition to an interaction at the level of eNOS, ARG and ADMA may mutually influence their cellular availability via transport and metabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Subindra Kazi Thapa
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ho-Leung Fung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Zhang Z, Zhu LL, Jiang HS, Chen H, Chen Y, Dai YT. Demethylation treatment restores erectile function in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:763-8. [PMID: 26585696 PMCID: PMC5000801 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.163271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation modification is an important cellular mechanism of gene expression regulation. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) protein is a pivotal molecular for endothelium function. To explore the effects of 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza), a demethylation agent, in hyperhomocysteinemia (hhcy)-related erectile dysfunction (ED) rats, 5-aza (1 mg kg−1) was administrated to Sprague-Dawley hhcy-rats induced by supplemented methionine chow diet. Erectile function, nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) levels, expression of DDAH-2 protein and promoter methylation status of DDAH-2 were studied in the corpora cavernosa. We found that supplemented methionine diet induced a high homocysteine level after 6 weeks of treatment. DDAH-2 protein was down-regulated in the corpora cavernosa while the administration of 5-aza up-regulated DDAH-2 expression and restored erectile function. The methionine-fed rats showed high methylation levels of DDAH-2 promoter region while the group treated with 5-aza demonstrated lower-methylation levels when compared to the methionine-fed group. Besides, the administration of 5-aza improved NO and cGMP levels in methionine-fed rats. Therefore, the methylation mechanism involves in ED pathogenesis, and demethylation offers a potential new strategy for ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Zhu
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - He-Song Jiang
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Tian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Lin Y, Feng M, Lu CW, Lei YP, He ZM, Xiong Y. Preservation of vascular DDAH activity contributes to the protection of captopril against endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 798:43-48. [PMID: 28163022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been recognized as an independent risk factor of endothelial dysfunction and the biomarker of atherosclerosis. This study was to investigate whether endogenous ADMA and its metabolic enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) were involved in mechanisms of captopril protection against endothelial dysfunction in high fat diet feeding rabbits. Half of model rabbits were treated with captopril (10mg/kg/d, i.g.) for 12w. Vascular morphology and serum lipid profiles were detected. Serum ADMA concentration were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Recombinant DDAH2 gene adenoviruses were ex vivo transferred to thoracic aortas of high fat diet feeding rabbits. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortas response to acetylcholine and DDAH activity were measured. Atherosclerosis was confirmed in high fat diet feeding rabbits by increased serum lipid profiles and morphologic changes of vascular wall. Serum ADMA levels were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic rabbits accompanied with impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation and inhibition of DDAH activity in thoracic aortas. Captopril treatment not only decreased vascular intima thickening and serum ADMA concentration but also preserved vascular DDAH activity and endothelium-dependent relaxation in hyperlipidemic rabbits without influence on serum lipid profiles. Similar beneficial effects on endothelial function and DDAH activity could be achieved by DDAH2 gene transfection. These results indicated that captopril could protect against injuries of vascular morphology and endothelial function in hyperlipidemic rabbits, the mechanisms may be related to the preservation of DDAH activity and decrease of ADMA accumulation in vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chang-Wu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min He
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.
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26
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Morris SM. Arginine Metabolism Revisited. J Nutr 2016; 146:2579S-2586S. [PMID: 27934648 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian arginine metabolism is complex due to the expression of multiple enzymes that utilize arginine as substrate and to interactions or competition between specific enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Moreover, cells may contain multiple intracellular arginine pools that are not equally accessible to all arginine metabolic enzymes, thus presenting additional challenges to more fully understanding arginine metabolism. At the whole-body level, arginine metabolism ultimately results in the production of a biochemically diverse range of products, including nitric oxide, urea, creatine, polyamines, proline, glutamate, agmatine, and homoarginine. Included in this group of compounds are the methylated arginines (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine), which are released upon degradation of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. Changes in arginine concentration also can regulate cellular metabolism and function via a variety of arginine sensors. Although much is known about arginine metabolism, elucidation of the physiologic or pathophysiologic roles for all of the pathways and their metabolites remains an active area of investigation, as exemplified by current findings highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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27
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Zhao J, You L, Wang DW, Cui W. Impacts of common variants in ALDH2 on coronary artery disease patients. Gene 2016; 585:104-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lange C, Mowat F, Sayed H, Mehad M, Duluc L, Piper S, Luhmann U, Nandi M, Kelly P, Smith A, Ali R, Leiper J, Bainbridge J. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 deficiency promotes vascular regeneration and attenuates pathological angiogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 147:148-155. [PMID: 27181226 PMCID: PMC4912010 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-induced angiogenesis is critical for tissue repair, but aberrant neovascularization in the retina causes severe sight impairment. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in neovascular eye disease because of its pro-angiogenic properties in the retina. Nitric oxide production is inhibited endogenously by asymmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and L-NMMA) which are metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) 1 and 2. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of DDAH1, DDAH2, ADMA and L-NMMA in retinal ischemia-induced angiogenesis. First, DDAH1, DDAH2, ADMA and L-NMMA levels were determined in adult C57BL/6J mice. The results obtained revealed that DDAH1 was twofold increased in the retina compared to the brain and the choroid. DDAH2 expression was approximately 150 fold greater in retinal and 70 fold greater in choroidal tissue compared to brain tissue suggesting an important tissue-specific role for DDAH2 in the retina and choroid. ADMA and L-NMMA levels were similar in the retina and choroid under physiological conditions. Next, characterization of DDAH1+/− and DDAH2−/− deficient mice by in vivo fluorescein angiography, immunohistochemistry and electroretinography revealed normal neurovascular function compared with wildtype control mice. Finally, DDAH1+/− and DDAH2−/− deficient mice were studied in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, a model used to emulate retinal ischemia and neovascularization, and VEGF and ADMA levels were quantified by ELISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the OIR model, DDAH1+/− exhibited a similar phenotype compared to wildtype controls. DDAH2 deficiency, in contrast, resulted in elevated retinal ADMA which was associated with attenuated aberrant angiogenesis and improved vascular regeneration in a VEGF independent manner. Taken together this study suggests, that in retinal ischemia, DDAH2 deficiency elevates ADMA, promotes vascular regeneration and protects against aberrant angiogenesis. Therapeutic inhibition of DDAH2 may therefore offer a potential therapeutic strategy to protect sight by promoting retinal vascular regeneration and preventing pathological angiogenesis. Nitric oxide has been implicated in neovascular eye disease. Key inhibitor of NO production is ADMA, which is metabolized by DDAH. DDAH2 deficiency results in elevated ADMA and reduced neovascularization in mice. Therapeutic inhibition of ADMA or DDAH2 may offer a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Lange
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK; Eye Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Freya Mowat
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Haroon Sayed
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Manjit Mehad
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Lucie Duluc
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Sophie Piper
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Luhmann
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
| | - Peter Kelly
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Robin Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - James Leiper
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - James Bainbridge
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK.
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Clifton P. From sodium intake restriction to nitrate supplementation: Different measures with converging mechanistic pathways? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:1079-1086. [PMID: 26614018 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is at the centre of endothelial physiology producing nitric oxide which dilates blood vessels, inhibits platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation and reduces adhesion molecule production. The laminar shear stress is a common test used usually as the flow mediated dilatation test (FMD) which is sensitive to saturated fat, sodium and potassium although with the latter ion it is possible potassium has direct effects on ion channels in the smooth muscle cell as well as the endothelial cell. High blood pressure and blood cholesterol both reduce nitric oxide production, the latter probably by increasing caveolin-1 which binds nitric oxide synthase. Saturated fat reduces nitric oxide by elevating LDL cholesterol and caveolin-1 while insulin stimulates nitric oxide synthase activity by serine phosphorylation. Polyphenols from tea, coffee and cocoa and virgin olive oil enhance FMD and eNOS activity is essential for this activity. Wine polyphenols produce mixed results and it is not clear at present that they are beneficial. Blackberries and other polyphenol-rich fruit also enhance FMD. Dietary nitrate from beetroot and green leafy vegetables is converted to nitrite by salivary microbes and then to nitric oxide and this acts directly on the smooth muscle to lower blood pressure particularly in a low oxygen environment. Dietary nitrate also improves work efficiency and improves flow mediated dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Clifton
- University of South Australia, P5-16, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
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Ammonia reduces intracellular ADMA level in cultured astrocytes and endothelial cells: possible involvement of increased y+LAT2-mediated efflux. SPRINGERPLUS 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798601 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-4-s1-p28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lluch P, Segarra G, Medina P. Asymmetric dimethylarginine as a mediator of vascular dysfunction in cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9466-9475. [PMID: 26327755 PMCID: PMC4548108 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is associated with marked abnormalities in the circulatory function that involve a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. An important cause of this vasodilatation is the increased production or activity of nitric oxide (NO) in the splanchnic circulation. During portal hypertension and cirrhosis an increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity is demonstrated in splanchnic vessels. In contrast, the activity of eNOS in the cirrhotic liver is decreased, which suggests a different regulation of eNOS in the liver and in the splanchnic vessels. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous NO inhibitor and higher plasma levels of ADMA are related to increased cardiovascular risk in both the general population and among patients with cirrhosis. It has been demonstrated that the liver is a key player in the metabolism of ADMA. This observation was further supported by investigations in human patients, showing a close correlation between ADMA plasma levels and the degree of hepatic dysfunction. ADMA is degraded to citrulline and dimethylamine by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs). DDAHs are expressed as type 1 and 2 isoforms and are widely distributed in various organs and tissues, including the liver. In this review, we discuss experimental and clinical data that document the effects of dimethylarginines on vascular function in cirrhosis. Our increasing understanding of the routes of synthesis and metabolism of methylarginines is beginning to provide insights into novel mechanisms of liver disease and allowing us to identify potential therapeutic opportunities.
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32
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Zhang L, Zhao J, Cui G, Wang H, Wang DW. Genotyping on ALDH2: comparison of four different technologies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122745. [PMID: 25803854 PMCID: PMC4372573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the accuracy and performance of four genotyping methods for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), which is the principal enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. Design and Methods We genotyped rs671 of ALDH2 in 96 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with four methods including high resolution melting analysis (HRM), TaqMan allelic discrimination assay (TaqMan), allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and pyrosequencing. Meanwhile, we compared the accuracy and performance of these methods. Results All selected patients were successfully genotyped with referred methods. The results of these four assays showed 100% concordant results and had 100% accuracy as verified by Sanger sequencing. Conclusions All of the referred methods can be used for genotyping ALDH2 rs671 with the same accuracy compared to Sanger sequencing. In small size of clinical samples, HRM and AS-PCR outperform over others due to their lower cost and less hands-on operation, which are suitable for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Rep. of China
| | - Jinzhao Zhao
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Rep. of China
| | - Guanglin Cui
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Rep. of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Rep. of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Rep. of China
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Mookerjee RP, Mehta G, Balasubramaniyan V, Mohamed F, Davies N, Sharma V, Iwakiri Y, Jalan R. Hepatic dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase1 is reduced in cirrhosis and is a target for therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2015; 62:325-31. [PMID: 25152204 PMCID: PMC4530584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Portal hypertension is characterized by reduced hepatic eNOS activity. Asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA), an eNOS inhibitor, is elevated in cirrhosis and correlates with the severity of portal hypertension. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) is the key enzyme metabolizing hepatic ADMA. This study characterized DDAH-1 in cirrhosis, and explored hepatic DDAH-1 reconstitution through farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism and DDAH-1 gene therapy. METHODS DDAH-1 immunohistochemistry was conducted on human cirrhosis and healthy liver tissue. Subsequently, sham-operated or bile-duct-ligated (BDL) cirrhosis rats were treated with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OA, 5 mg/kg) or vehicle for 5 days. Further, animals underwent hydrodynamic injection with DDAH-1-expressing plasmid or saline control, which resulted in the following groups: sham+saline, BDL+saline, BDL+DDAH-1-plasmid. Portal pressure (PP) measurements were performed. Plasma ALT was measured by COBAS INTEGRA, DDAH-1 expression by qPCR and Western blot, eNOS activity by radiometric assay. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting confirmed hepatic DDAH-1 was restricted to hepatocytes, and expression decreased significantly in cirrhosis. In BDL rats, reduced DDAH-1 expression was associated with elevated hepatic ADMA, reduced eNOS activity and high PP. OA treatment significantly increased DDAH-1 expression, reduced hepatic tissue ADMA, and increased liver NO generation. PP was significantly reduced in BDL+OA vs. BDL+vehicle (8±1 vs. 13.5±0.6 mmHg; p<0.01) with no change in the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Similarly, DDAH-1 hydrodynamic injection significantly increased hepatic DDAH-1 gene and protein expression, and significantly reduced PP in BDL+DDAH-1 vs. BDL+saline (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates DDAH-1 is a specific molecular target for portal pressure reduction, through actions on ADMA-mediated regulation of eNOS activity. Our data support translational studies, targeting DDAH-1 in cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, UK.
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Staab EB, Weigel J, Xiao F, Madayiputhiya N, Wyatt TA, Wells SM. Asymmetric dimethyl-arginine metabolism in a murine model of cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:273-82. [PMID: 25913572 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.961619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. One important regulator of this molecule is the ADMA-metabolizing enzyme dimethyl-arginine dimethyl-aminohydrolase (DDAH). The objective of this study was to determine whether perturbation of the ADMA-DDAH pathway contributes to lung inflammation following exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). For these studies, wild-type and DDAH transgenic mice were sham or CS-exposed. Serum ADMA levels were determined by mass spectrometry. ADMA content and DDAH expression were also visualized in mouse lung tissue by immunohistochemistry. DDAH expression was determined by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Inflammation was assessed by H&E staining and analyses of total cell counts and fluid tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (using ELISA) in lung lavage fluid. NF-κB binding activity in mouse lung epithelial (LA-4) cells was assessed by a transcription factor-binding assay. The results indicated that the concentration of serum ADMA was increased following exposure to CS, and this corresponded with increased ADMA content in bronchial epithelial cells in lung tissue. Total lung DDAH expression was significantly decreased in lung tissue and cultured LA-4 cells following CS exposure. Addition of exogenous ADMA increased CSE-mediated NF-κB binding activity and TNFα production in LA-4 cells more than 2-fold compared to that in CSE-exposed controls. CS-mediated lung inflammation was significantly attenuated in DDAH transgenic mice compared to in wild-type controls. These findings demonstrated that lung ADMA metabolism was altered in mice following CS exposure and suggested that ADMA played a role in CS-mediated inflammation through increasing the presence of inflammatory mediators in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Staab
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
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Mookerjee R, Mehta G, Jalan R. Obeticholic acid, a Farensoid-X receptor agonist, improves portal hypertension by two distinct pathways in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2014; 60:1798-9. [PMID: 24623154 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Mohamed ES, Ibrahim B, Amr D, Noha EK, Mokhtar M. Asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in children with β-thalassemia and their correlations to tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1540-3. [PMID: 24753210 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) may be the leading cause of death in β-thalassemia patients; however, its pathophysiologic mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies indicate that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) plays a role in the initiation and progression of a variety of diseases, especially the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study is to assess the levels of ADMA in children with β-thalassemia and their correlations with tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. PROCEDURES This study was carried out on 30 children with β-thalassemia major and 30 healthy children served as a control group. Both groups underwent the following investigations: Blood sampling for CBC, LDH, serum ferritin, reticulocytic count, serum bilirubin, AST, ALT, in addition to plasma levels of ADMA. Doppler echocardiography was done for thalassemic group. Patients with tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV ≥ 2.5 m/sec) were considered risky for PHT. RESULTS Plasma ADMA levels were significantly higher in patients with β-thalassemia than control group with a mean value 0.91 ± 0.14 and 0.62 ± 0.10 µmol/L respectively (P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between plasma ADMA levels and tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. The prevalence of elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV ≥ 2.5 m/sec) in patients with thalassemia was 33.3%, with a significant increase of elevated TVR (≥ 2.5 m/sec) in patients with thalassemia with splenectomy than in patients without splenectomy. CONCLUSION High plasma ADMA levels may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PHT in children with β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Shanshory Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is important in the regulation of airway tone and airway responsiveness. Alterations in the L-arginine metabolism resulting in reduced availability of the substrate L-arginine for NO synthases, as well as the presence of NO synthase inhibitors such as asymmetric dimethylarginine, contribute to the reduced NO formation and airway dysfunction in asthma. Therapeutic interventions aiming to modulate the impaired L-arginine metabolism may help correct the enhanced airway tone and responsiveness in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Scott
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Wang Y, Hu S, Gabisi AM, Er JAV, Pope A, Burstein G, Schardon CL, Cardounel AJ, Ekmekcioglu S, Fast W. Developing an irreversible inhibitor of human DDAH-1, an enzyme upregulated in melanoma. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:792-7. [PMID: 24574257 PMCID: PMC4311893 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the human enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) can raise endogenous levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and lead to a subsequent inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. In this study, N(5) -(1-imino-2-chloroethyl)-L-ornithine (Cl-NIO) is shown to be a potent time- and concentration-dependent inhibitor of purified human DDAH-1 (KI =1.3±0.6 μM; kinact =0.34±0.07 min(-1) ), with >500-fold selectivity against two arginine-handling enzymes in the same pathway. An activity probe is used to measure the "in cell" IC50 value (6.6±0.2 μM) for Cl-NIO inhibition of DDAH-1 artificially expressed within cultured HEK293T cells. A screen of diverse melanoma cell lines reveals that a striking 50/64 (78 %) of melanoma lines tested showed increased levels of DDAH-1 relative to normal melanocyte control lines. Treatment of the melanoma A375 cell line with Cl-NIO shows a subsequent decrease in cellular nitric oxide production. Cl-NIO is a promising tool for the study of methylarginine-mediated nitric oxide control and a potential therapeutic lead compound for other indications with elevated nitric oxide production, such as septic shock and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mail Code C0850; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Shougang Hu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mail Code C0850; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Abdul M. Gabisi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Joyce A. V. Er
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mail Code C0850; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arthur Pope
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gayle Burstein
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin TX, 78712, USA
| | - Christopher L. Schardon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arturo J. Cardounel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mail Code C0850; Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Bakr A, Pak O, Taye A, Hamada F, Hemeida R, Janssen W, Gierhardt M, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT, Witzenrath M, Brandes RP, Huang N, Cooke JP, Weissmann N, Sommer N. Effects of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 overexpression on the response of the pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:491-500. [PMID: 23642043 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0330oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and sustained hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), as well as chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH), is modulated by nitric oxide (NO). NO synthesis can be decreased by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1). We investigated the effects of DDAH1 overexpression (DDAH1(tg)) on HPV and chronic hypoxia-induced PH. HPV was measured during acute (10 min) and sustained (3 h) hypoxia in isolated mouse lungs. Chronic PH was induced by the exposure of mice to 4 weeks of hypoxia. ADMA and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were determined by ELISA, and NO generation was determined by chemiluminescence. DDAH1 overexpression exerted no effects on acute HPV. However, DDAH1(tg) mice showed decreased sustained HPV compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Concomitantly, ADMA was decreased, and concentrations of NO and cGMP were significantly increased in DDAH1(tg). The administration of either Nω-nitro-l-arginine or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one potentiated sustained HPV and partly abolished the differences in sustained HPV between WT and DDAH1(tg) mice. The overexpression of DDAH1 exerted no effect on the development of chronic hypoxia-induced PH. DDAH1 overexpression selectively decreased the sustained phase of HPV, partly via activation of the NO-cGMP pathway. Thus, increased ADMA concentrations modulate sustained HPV, but not acute HPV or chronic hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Impact of high salt independent of blood pressure on PRMT/ADMA/DDAH pathway in the aorta of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8062-72. [PMID: 23584024 PMCID: PMC3645731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction participates in the development and progression of salt-sensitive hypertension. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of a high salt diet on the PRMT/ADMA/DDAH (protein arginine methyltransferases; dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase) pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats and SS-13BN consomic (DR) rats, and to explore the mechanisms that regulate ADMA metabolism independent of blood pressure reduction. Plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) in DS rats given a high salt diet and subjected to intragastric administration of hydralazine (SH + HYD group) were lower than those given a normal salt diet (SN group). There were significant decreases in expression and activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in DS rats given a high diet (SH group) in comparison to the SN group. The activity of DDAH and expression of eNOS in the SH + HYD group decreased more significantly than SN group. The mRNA expression of DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 were lowest in the SH group. The results suggest that salt, independent of blood pressure, can affect the PRMT-1/ADMA/DDAH system to a certain degree and lead to endothelial dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
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Servillo L, Giovane A, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Balestrieri ML. The methylarginines NMMA, ADMA, and SDMA are ubiquitous constituents of the main vegetables of human nutrition. Nitric Oxide 2013; 30:43-8. [PMID: 23438481 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous methylarginines, N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA), N(G)-N('G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (symmetric dimethylarginine; SDMA), and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (monomethylarginine; NMMA) are supposed to be produced in human body through the methylation of protein arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) and released during proteolysis of the methylated proteins. Micromolar concentration of ADMA and NMMA can compete with arginine for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) reducing nitric oxide (NO) formation, whereas SDMA does not. Indeed, increased ADMA and SDMA plasma levels or a decreased arginine/ADMA ratio is related with risk factors for chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. To the best of our knowledge the exogenous presence of methylarginines, like that in fruits and vegetables, has never been described so far. Here, we report the finding that methylarginines are ubiquitous in vegetables which represent an important part of human daily diet. Some of these vegetables contain discrete amounts of ADMA, SDMA, and NMMA. Specifically, among the vegetables examined, soybean, rye, sweet pepper, broad bean, and potato contain the highest ADMA and NMMA mean levels. Our results establish that the three methylarginines, in addition to being produced endogenously, can also be taken daily through the diet in conspicuous amounts. We propose that the contribution of the methylarginines contained in the vegetables of daily diet should be taken into account when the association between vegetable assumption and their levels is evaluated in clinical studies. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding on the role of the digestive breakdown process and intestinal absorption grade of the methylarginines contained in vegetables is now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale - Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Laskowska M, Laskowska K, Oleszczuk J. Differences in the association between maternal serum homocysteine and ADMA levels in women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction. Hypertens Pregnancy 2012; 32:83-93. [PMID: 23273067 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2012.751993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the association between homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in preeclamptic women with and without intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal healthy uncomplicated pregnancies and normotensive pregnancies complicated by idiopathic isolated intrauterine fetal growth restriction. METHODS The maternal serum homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS A statistically significant positive correlation of maternal serum homocysteine levels with the serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels was observed in healthy normotensive uncomplicated pregnant women from the control group and in preeclamptic patients with appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses (R = 0.380079, p-value = 0.002311* and R = 0.455797, p-value = 0.004030* for the control and the P groups, respectively). However, this correlation was not significant in women with pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth restriction, both isolated and in the course of severe preeclampsia. CONCLUSION These findings provide support for the hypothesis that elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia are associated with elevated homocysteine levels. But our results also demonstrate that in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction, this mechanism is important, although not the only one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Laskowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8, Lublin, Poland.
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Chen P, Xia K, Zhao Z, Deng X, Yang T. Atorvastatin modulates the DDAH1/ADMA system in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats with endothelial dysfunction. Vasc Med 2012. [PMID: 23184902 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x12467492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethyl-aminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is a metabolic enzyme for asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), both of which are closely related to endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction, a main risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, can be attributed to insulin resistance. We aimed to determine the effects of atorvastatin, an endothelium-protective drug, on DDAH1/ADMA in insulin-resistant rats. Insulin resistance in male Sprague-Dawley rats was induced with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Some rats received atorvastatin (30 mg/kg/day) for an additional 8 weeks. Insulin-resistant rats exhibited not only decreases in the DDAH activity and aortic expression of DDAH1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) but also increases in plasma ADMA levels, all of which were inhibited by atorvastatin. Insulin sensitivity and DDAH activity showed a significant positive correlation. In conclusion, our results suggest that atorvastatin may modulate DDAH1/ADMA to improve endothelial function in insulin-resistant rats; SREBP1 may also play a role in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Chen
- Cardiology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ke Xia
- Cardiology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Rolf Luft Centrum, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xu Deng
- Cardiology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Cardiology Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Altmann KS, Havemeyer A, Beitz E, Clement B. Dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) does not metabolize methylarginines. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2599-604. [PMID: 23125090 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Free endogenous methylarginines, N(ω)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and N(ω),N(ω')-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), inhibit NO synthases (NOSs) and are metabolized by dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). A postulated metabolism has been shown several times for DDAH-1, but the involvement of DDAH-2 in the degradation of ADMA and L-NMMA is still a matter of debate. Determination of the isoform-specific DDAH protein expression profiles in various porcine tissue types shows a correlation of DDAH activity only with DDAH-1 levels. DDAH activity (measured as L-citrulline formation from the conversion of methylarginines and alternative DDAH substrates) was detected in DDAH-1-rich porcine tissue types, that is, kidney, liver, and brain, but not in DDAH-2-rich porcine fractions, that is, spleen and thyroid. Furthermore, several ex vivo studies showed DDAH activity to be important for L-citrulline formation in porcine tissue and indicated the absence of an endogenous DDAH inhibitor in porcine tissue. This study provides new insights into tissue distributions as well as substrate selectivity for both DDAH isoforms. Although DDAH-1 is known to metabolize the endogenous NOS inhibitors L-NMMA and ADMA, a physiological function for DDAH-2 has yet to be determined. Hence, determining DDAH activity by methylarginine conversion is not suitable for analyzing isoform selectivity of DDAH-1 inhibitors as postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Altmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nitric oxide deficiency occurs by multiple mechanisms and contributes to the pathogenesis of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its cardiovascular complications. This article concentrates on recent developments on the regulation of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in CKD and on the importance of the nitric oxide synthases in kidney disease progression, particularly in diabetic nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS The increased plasma ADMA seen in renal disease is generally predictive of severity of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk. However, some assumptions about the control of ADMA have been challenged: the primacy of the kidney as a metabolic organ for plasma ADMA regulation has come under scrutiny and the relative importance of the two isoforms of the ADMA-metabolizing enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) is being re-evaluated. Alterations in NOS also contribute to CKD progression with the endothelial isoform playing a major role in diabetic nephropathy. SUMMARY Improving our understanding of ADMA regulation is important since pharmacologic targeting of DDAH is underway. The major role of endothelial NOS-derived nitric oxide in diabetic nephropathy should lead to novel therapies. The beneficial actions of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and kidney disease are of considerable clinical relevance.
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Davids M, Richir MC, Visser M, Ellger B, van den Berghe G, van Leeuwen PAM, Teerlink T. Role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity in regulation of tissue and plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine in an animal model of prolonged critical illness. Metabolism 2012; 61:482-90. [PMID: 22000584 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, are associated with adverse outcome in critically ill patients. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is released within cells during proteolysis of methylated proteins and is either degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) or exported to the circulation via cationic amino acid transporters. We aimed to establish the role of DDAH activity in the regulation of tissue and plasma concentrations of ADMA. In 33 critically ill rabbits, we measured DDAH activity in kidney, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle and related these values to concentrations of ADMA in these tissues and in the circulation. Both DDAH activity and ADMA concentration were highest in kidney and lowest in skeletal muscle, with intermediate values for liver and heart. Whereas ADMA content was significantly correlated between tissues (r = 0.40-0.78), DDAH activity was not. Significant inverse associations between DDAH activity and ADMA content were only observed in heart and liver. Plasma ADMA was significantly associated with ADMA in the liver (r = 0.41), but not in the other tissues. In a multivariable regression model, DDAH activities in muscle, kidney, and liver, but not in heart, were negatively associated with plasma ADMA concentration, together explaining approximately 50% of its variation. In critical illness, plasma ADMA poorly reflects intracellular ADMA. Furthermore, tissue DDAH activity is a stronger predictor of plasma ADMA than of intracellular ADMA, indicating that, compared with DDAH activity, generation of ADMA and cationic amino acid transporter-mediated exchange may be more important regulators of intracellular ADMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Davids
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wilcox CS. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and reactive oxygen species: unwelcome twin visitors to the cardiovascular and kidney disease tables. Hypertension 2012; 59:375-81. [PMID: 22215715 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine or markers of reactive oxygen species are increased in subjects with risk factors for cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. We tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species generate cellular asymmetric dimethylarginine that together cause endothelial dysfunction that underlies the risk of subsequent disease. Rat preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells transfected with p22(phox) had increased NADPH oxidase activity, enhanced activity and expression of protein arginine methyltransferase, and reduced activity and protein expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminotransferase and of cationic amino acid transferase 1 resulting in increased cellular levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Rats infused with angiotensin II had oxidative stress. The endothelial function of their mesenteric arterioles was changed from vasodilatation to vasoconstriction, accompanied by increased vascular asymmetric dimethylarginine. All of these changes were prevented by Tempol. In vivo silencing of dimethylarginine dimethylaminotransferase 1 increased plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, whereas silencing of dimethylarginine dimethylaminotransferase 2 impaired endothelial function. We suggest that initiation factors, such as angiotensin II, expressed in blood vessels or tissues of subjects with cardiovascular and kidney disease risk factors generate reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase that enhances cellular asymmetric dimethylarginine in an amplification loop. This leads to adverse changes in vascular and organ functions, as a consequence of reduced tissue levels of NO and increased reactive oxygen species. Thus, we conclude that reactive oxygen species and asymmetric dimethylarginine form a tightly coupled amplification system that translates cardiovascular/kidney risk into overt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, 6 PHC Building, F6003, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Kleinedler JJ, Orchard EA, Foley JD, Rogers LK, Hebert VY, Dugas TR. A dietary approach to increase in-stent stenosis and face validity of a rat model for arterial angioplasty and stenting. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:484-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Linsky T, Fast W. A continuous, fluorescent, high-throughput assay for human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2011; 16:1089-97. [PMID: 21921133 PMCID: PMC3248755 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111417712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) are of therapeutic interest for controlling pathological nitric oxide production. Only a limited number of biologically useful inhibitors have been identified, so structurally diverse lead compounds are desired. In contrast with previous assays that do not possess adequate sensitivity for optimal screening, herein is reported a high-throughput assay that uses an alternative thiol-releasing substrate, S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline, and a thiol-reactive fluorophore, 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin, to enable continuous detection of product formation by DDAH-1. The assay is applied to query two commercial libraries totaling 4446 compounds, and two representative hits are described, including a known DDAH-1 inhibitor. This is the most sensitive DDAH-1 assay reported to date and enables screening of compound libraries using [S] = K (M) conditions while displaying Z' factors from 0.6 to 0.8. Therefore, this strategy now makes possible high-throughput screening for human DDAH-1 inhibitors in pursuit of molecular probes and drugs to control excessive nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Linsky
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, USA
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Karuppiah K, Druhan LJ, Chen CA, Smith T, Zweier JL, Sessa WC, Cardounel AJ. Suppression of eNOS-derived superoxide by caveolin-1: a biopterin-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H903-11. [PMID: 21724868 PMCID: PMC3191102 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00936.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the vasculature, nitric oxide (NO) is generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in a calcium/calmodulin-dependent reaction. In the absence of the requisite eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), NADPH oxidation is uncoupled from NO generation, leading to the production of superoxide. Although this phenomenon is apparent with purified enzyme, cellular studies suggest that formation of the BH(4) oxidation product, dihydrobiopterin, is the molecular trigger for eNOS uncoupling rather than BH(4) depletion alone. In the current study, we investigated the effects of both BH(4) depletion and oxidation on eNOS-derived superoxide production in endothelial cells in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating eNOS oxidase activity. Results demonstrated that pharmacological depletion of endothelial BH(4) does not result in eNOS oxidase activity, whereas BH(4) oxidation gave rise to significant eNOS-oxidase activity. These findings suggest that the endothelium possesses regulatory mechanisms, which prevent eNOS oxidase activity from pterin-free eNOS. Using a combination of gene silencing and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that eNOS-caveolin-1 association is increased under conditions of reduced pterin bioavailability and that this sequestration serves to suppress eNOS uncoupling. Using small interfering RNA approaches, we demonstrate that caveolin-1 gene silencing increases eNOS oxidase activity to 85% of that observed under conditions of BH(4) oxidation. Moreover, when caveolin-1 silencing was combined with a pharmacological inhibitor of AKT, BH(4) depletion increased eNOS-derived superoxide to 165% of that observed with BH(4) oxidation. This study identifies a critical role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of eNOS uncoupling and provides new insight into the mechanisms through which disease-associated changes in caveolin-1 expression may contribute to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Karuppiah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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