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Chan FF, Yuen VWH, Shen J, Chin DWC, Law CT, Wong BPY, Chan CYK, Cheu JWS, Ng IOL, Wong CCL, Wong CM. Inhibition of CAF-1 histone chaperone complex triggers cytosolic DNA and dsRNA sensing pathways and induces intrinsic immunity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2024; 80:295-311. [PMID: 38051950 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) is a replication-dependent epigenetic regulator that controls cell cycle progression and chromatin dynamics. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunomodulatory role and therapeutic potential of the CAF-1 complex in HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS CAF-1 complex knockout cell lines were established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The effects of CAF-1 in HCC were studied in HCC cell lines, nude mice, and immunocompetent mice. RNA-sequencing, ChIP-Seq, and assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-Seq) were used to explore the changes in the epigenome and transcriptome. CAF-1 complex was significantly upregulated in human and mouse HCCs and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Knockout of CAF-1 remarkably suppressed HCC growth in both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, depletion of CAF-1 induced replicative stress and chromatin instability, which eventually led to cytoplasmic DNA leakage as micronuclei. Also, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses revealed a massive H3.3 histone variant replacement upon CAF-1 knockout. Enrichment of euchromatic H3.3 increased chromatin accessibility and activated the expression of endogenous retrovirus elements, a phenomenon known as viral mimicry. However, cytosolic micronuclei and endogenous retroviruses are recognized as ectopic elements by the stimulator of interferon genes and dsRNA viral sensing pathways, respectively. As a result, the knockout of CAF-1 activated inflammatory response and antitumor immune surveillance and thereby significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CAF-1 is essential for HCC development; targeting CAF-1 may awaken the anticancer immune response and may work cooperatively with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Fan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Hin Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jialing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Don Wai-Ching Chin
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Ting Law
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bowie Po-Yee Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cerise Yuen-Ki Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacinth Wing-Sum Cheu
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Mikheeva AM, Bogomolov MA, Gasca VA, Sementsov MV, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS, Lebedev TD. Improving the power of drug toxicity measurements by quantitative nuclei imaging. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:181. [PMID: 38637526 PMCID: PMC11026393 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging-based anticancer drug screens are becoming more prevalent due to development of automated fluorescent microscopes and imaging stations, as well as rapid advancements in image processing software. Automated cell imaging provides many benefits such as their ability to provide high-content data, modularity, dynamics recording and the fact that imaging is the most direct way to access cell viability and cell proliferation. However, currently most publicly available large-scale anticancer drugs screens, such as GDSC, CTRP and NCI-60, provide cell viability data measured by assays based on colorimetric or luminometric measurements of NADH or ATP levels. Although such datasets provide valuable data, it is unclear how well drug toxicity measurements can be integrated with imaging data. Here we explored the relations between drug toxicity data obtained by XTT assay, two quantitative nuclei imaging methods and trypan blue dye exclusion assay using a set of four cancer cell lines with different morphologies and 30 drugs with different mechanisms of action. We show that imaging-based approaches provide high accuracy and the differences between results obtained by different methods highly depend on drug mechanism of action. Selecting AUC metrics over IC50 or comparing data where significantly drugs reduced cell numbers noticeably improves consistency between methods. Using automated cell segmentation protocols we analyzed mitochondria activity in more than 11 thousand drug-treated cells and showed that XTT assay produces unreliable data for CDK4/6, Aurora A, VEGFR and PARP inhibitors due induced cell size growth and increase in individual mitochondria activity. We also explored several benefits of image-based analysis such as ability to monitor cell number dynamics, dissect changes in total and individual mitochondria activity from cell proliferation, and ability to identify chromatin remodeling drugs. Finally, we provide a web tool that allows comparing results obtained by different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya M Mikheeva
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Bogomolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Valentina A Gasca
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Sementsov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Pavel V Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Timofey D Lebedev
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova str., Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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3
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Sokol MB, Beganovskaya VA, Mollaeva MR, Yabbarov NG, Chirkina MV, Belykh DV, Startseva OM, Egorov AE, Kostyukov AA, Kuzmin VA, Lomakin SM, Shilkina NG, Krivandin AV, Shatalova OV, Gradova MA, Abakumov MA, Nikitin AA, Maksimova VP, Kirsanov KI, Nikolskaya ED. Pharmaceutical Approach to Develop Novel Photosensitizer Nanoformulation: An Example of Design and Characterization Rationale of Chlorophyll α Derivative. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:126. [PMID: 38258135 PMCID: PMC10818748 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we described physico-chemical properties of novel nanoformulation of photosensitizer-pyropheophorbide α 17-diethylene glycol ester (XL) (chlorophyll α derivative), revealing insights into antitumor activity and maintaining quality, meeting the pharmaceutical approach of new nanoformulation design. Our formulation, based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, increased XL solubility and selective tumor-targeted accumulation. In our research, we revealed, for the first time, that XL binding to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) enhances XL photophysical activity, providing the rationale for PVA application as a stabilizer for nanoformulations. Results of FTIR, DSC, and XRD revealed the physical interactions between XL and excipients, including PVA, indicating that the encapsulation maintained XL binding to PVA. The encapsulated XL exhibited higher photophysical activity compared to non-encapsulated substance, which can be attributed to the influence of residual PVA. Gamma-irradiation led to degradation of XL; however, successful sterilization of the samples was achieved through the filtration. Importantly, the encapsulated and sterilized XL retained cytotoxicity against both 2D and 3D tumor cell models, demonstrating the potential of the formulated NP-XL for photodynamic therapy applications, but lacked the ability to reactivate epigenetically silenced genes. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and characterization of PLGA-based nanoparticles for the encapsulation of photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Sokol
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Veronika A. Beganovskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Mariia R. Mollaeva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Margarita V. Chirkina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Dmitry V. Belykh
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Olga M. Startseva
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Anton E. Egorov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Alexey A. Kostyukov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Vladimir A. Kuzmin
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei M. Lomakin
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.S.)
| | - Natalia G. Shilkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Krivandin
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Olga V. Shatalova
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Margarita A. Gradova
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.S.)
| | - Maxim A. Abakumov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Aleksey A. Nikitin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Varvara P. Maksimova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Elena D. Nikolskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.B.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.C.); (A.E.E.); (V.A.K.); (S.M.L.); (A.V.K.); (O.V.S.)
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4
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Luzhin A, Rajan P, Safina A, Leonova K, Stablewski A, Wang J, Robinson D, Isaeva N, Kantidze O, Gurova K. Comparison of cell response to chromatin and DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11836-11855. [PMID: 37855682 PMCID: PMC10681726 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-targeting drugs are widely used for anti-cancer treatment. Many of these drugs cause different types of DNA damage, i.e. alterations in the chemical structure of DNA molecule. However, molecules binding to DNA may also interfere with DNA packing into chromatin. Interestingly, some molecules do not cause any changes in DNA chemical structure but interfere with DNA binding to histones and nucleosome wrapping. This results in histone loss from chromatin and destabilization of nucleosomes, a phenomenon that we call chromatin damage. Although the cellular response to DNA damage is well-studied, the consequences of chromatin damage are not. Moreover, many drugs used to study DNA damage also cause chromatin damage, therefore there is no clarity on which effects are caused by DNA or chromatin damage. In this study, we aimed to clarify this issue. We treated normal and tumor cells with bleomycin, nuclease mimicking drug which cut predominantly nucleosome-free DNA and therefore causes DNA damage in the form of DNA breaks, and CBL0137, which causes chromatin damage without direct DNA damage. We describe similarities and differences between the consequences of DNA and chromatin damage. Both agents were more toxic for tumor than normal cells, but while DNA damage causes senescence in both normal and tumor cells, chromatin damage does not. Both agents activated p53, but chromatin damage leads to the accumulation of higher levels of unmodified p53, which transcriptional activity was similar to or lower than that of p53 activated by DNA damage. Most importantly, we found that while transcriptional changes caused by DNA damage are limited by p53-dependent activation of a small number of p53 targets, chromatin damage activated many folds more genes in p53 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom Luzhin
- Department of Cellular Genomics, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Priyanka Rajan
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Katerina Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Aimee Stablewski
- Gene Targeting and Transgenic Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Denisha Robinson
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Natalia Isaeva
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Maksimova V, Popova V, Prus A, Lylova E, Usalka O, Sagitova G, Zhidkova E, Makus J, Trapeznikova E, Belitsky G, Yakubovskaya M, Kirsanov K. Insights into the Mechanism of Curaxin CBL0137 Epigenetic Activity: The Induction of DNA Demethylation and the Suppression of BET Family Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12874. [PMID: 37629054 PMCID: PMC10454690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of malignant tumors is caused by a complex combination of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, the latter of which are induced by either external environmental factors or signaling disruption following genetic mutations. Some types of cancer demonstrate a significant increase in epigenetic enzymes, and targeting these epigenetic alterations represents a compelling strategy to reverse cell transcriptome to the normal state, improving chemotherapy response. Curaxin CBL0137 is a new potent anticancer drug that has been shown to activate epigenetically silenced genes. However, its detailed effects on the enzymes of the epigenetic system of transcription regulation have not been studied. Here, we report that CBL0137 inhibits the expression of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a in HeLa TI cells, both at the level of mRNA and protein, and it decreases the level of integral DNA methylation in Ca Ski cells. For the first time, it is shown that CBL0137 decreases the level of BET family proteins, BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, the key participants in transcription elongation, followed by the corresponding gene expression enhancement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CBL0137 does not affect the mechanisms of histone acetylation and methylation. The ability of CBL0137 to suppress DNMT3A and BET family proteins should be taken into consideration when combined chemotherapy is applied. Our data demonstrate the potential of CBL0137 to be used in the therapy of tumors with corresponding aberrant epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maksimova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Valeriia Popova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Anzhelika Prus
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Pharmacy, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Russian Technological University (MIREA), 86 Vernadsky Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Lylova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Olga Usalka
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Guzel Sagitova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Zhidkova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Julia Makus
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Trapeznikova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gennady Belitsky
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Marianna Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (O.U.); (E.Z.); (J.M.); (E.T.); (G.B.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Maksimova V, Makus J, Popova V, Prus A, Usalka O, Trapeznikova E, Zhidkova E, Belitsky G, Yakubovskaya M, Kirsanov K. Histone Methyltransferases as a New Target for Epigenetic Action of Vorinostat. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:968-978. [PMID: 37751867 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792307009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic genome regulation during malignant cell transformation is characterized by the aberrant methylation and acetylation of histones. Vorinostat (SAHA) is an epigenetic modulator actively used in clinical oncology. The antitumor activity of vorinostat is commonly believed to be associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylases, while the impact of this drug on histone methylation has been poorly studied. Using HeLa TI cells as a test system allowing evaluation of the effect of epigenetically active compounds from the expression of the GFP reporter gene and gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs, we showed that vorinostat not only suppressed HDAC1, but also reduced the activity of EZH2, SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SUV420H1. The ability of vorinostat to suppress expression of EZH2, SUV39H1/2, SUV420H1 was confirmed by Western blotting. Vorinostat also downregulated expression of SUV420H2 and DOT1L enzymes. The data obtained expand our understanding of the epigenetic effects of vorinostat and demonstrate the need for a large-scale analysis of its activity toward other enzymes involved in the epigenetic genome regulation. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the epigenetic action of vorinostat will contribute to its more proper use in the treatment of tumors with an aberrant epigenetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maksimova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Julia Makus
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Valeriia Popova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Prus
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- MIREA, Russian Technological University, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - Olga Usalka
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Trapeznikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhidkova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Gennady Belitsky
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | | | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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7
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Qiao P, Wang X, Yu R, Sun H, Xing X, Zhang Y, Su J. CHAF1b, chromatin assembly factor-1 subunit b, is essential for mouse preimplantation embryos. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:547-557. [PMID: 34906611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin assembly factor-1, subunit b (CHAF1b), the p60 subunit of the chromatin-assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) complex, is an evolutionarily conserved protein that has been implicated in various biological processes. Although a variety of functions have been attributed to CHAF1b, its function in preimplantation embryos remains obscure. In this study, we showed that CHAF1b knockdown did not affect the blastocyst rate, but resulted in a low blastocyst hatching rate, outgrowth failure in vitro, and embryonic lethality after implantation in vivo. Notably, CHAF1b depletion increased apoptosis and caused down-regulated expression of key regulators of cell fate specification, including Oct4, Cdx2, Sox2, and Nanog. Further analysis revealed that CHAF1b mediated the replacement of H3.3 with H3.1/3.2, which was associated with decreased repressive histone marks (H3K9me2/3 and H3K27me2/3) and increased active histone marks (H3K4me2/3). Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that CHAF1b depletion resulted in the differential expression of 1508 genes, including epigenetic modifications genes, multiple lineage-specific genes, and several genes encoding apoptosis proteins. In addition, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing analysis demonstrated that silencing CHAF1b altered the chromatin accessibility of lineage-specific genes and epigenetic modifications genes. Taken together, these data imply that CHAF1b plays significant roles in preimplantation embryos, probably by regulating epigenetic modifications and lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Peipei Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ruiluan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xupeng Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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8
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Zenkov RG, Vlasova OA, Maksimova VP, Fetisov TI, Karpechenko NY, Ektova LV, Eremina VA, Popova VG, Usalka OG, Lesovaya EA, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG, Kirsanov KI. Molecular Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of N-Glycosides of Indolocarbazoles LCS-1208 and LCS-1269. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237329. [PMID: 34885910 PMCID: PMC8658795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel indolocarbazole derivatives named LCS were synthesized by our research group. Two of them were selected as the most active anticancer agents in vivo. We studied the mechanisms of anticancer activity in accordance with the previously described effects of indolocarbazoles. Cytotoxicity was estimated by MTT assay. We analyzed LCS-DNA interactions by circular dichroism in cholesteric liquid crystals and fluorescent indicator displacement assay. The effect on the activity of topoisomerases I and II was studied by DNA relaxation assay. Expression of interferon signaling target genes was estimated by RT-PCR. Chromatin remodeling was analyzed–the effect on histone H1 localization and reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes. LCS-induced change in the expression of a wide gene set was counted by means of PCR array. Our study revealed the cytotoxic activity of the compounds against 11 cancer cell lines and it was higher than in immortalized cells. Both compounds bind DNA; binding constants were estimated—LCS-1208 demonstrated higher affinity than LCS-1269; it was shown that LCS-1208 intercalates into DNA that is typical for rebeccamycin derivatives. LCS-1208 also inhibits topoisomerases I and IIα. Being a strong intercalator and topoisomerase inhibitor, LCS-1208 upregulates the expression of interferon-induced genes. In view of LCSs binding to DNA we analyzed their influence on chromatin stability and revealed that LCS-1269 displaces histone H1. Our analysis of chromatin remodeling also included a wide set of epigenetic experiments in which LCS-1269 demonstrated complex epigenetic activity. Finally, we revealed that the antitumor effect of the compounds is based not only on binding to DNA and chromatin remodeling but also on alternative mechanisms. Both compounds induce expression changes in genes involved in neoplastic transformation and target genes of the signaling pathways in cancer cells. Despite of being structurally similar, each compound has unique biological activities. The effects of LCS-1208 are associated with intercalation. The mechanisms of LCS-1269 include influence on higher levels such as chromatin remodeling and epigenetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Zenkov
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga A. Vlasova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Varvara P. Maksimova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Timur I. Fetisov
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Natalia Y. Karpechenko
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Lidiya V. Ektova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Vera A. Eremina
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Valeriia G. Popova
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Ploshchad, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G. Usalka
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
- International School “Medicine of the Future”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
- Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, 9 Vysokovoltnaya St., 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Gennady A. Belitsky
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.V.); (V.P.M.); (T.I.F.); (N.Y.K.); (L.V.E.); (V.A.E.); (V.G.P.); (O.G.U.); (E.A.L.); (G.A.B.); (M.G.Y.); (K.I.K.)
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Maksimova V, Shalginskikh N, Vlasova O, Usalka O, Beizer A, Bugaeva P, Fedorov D, Lizogub O, Lesovaya E, Katz R, Belitsky G, Kirsanov K, Yakubovskaya M. HeLa TI cell-based assay as a new approach to screen for chemicals able to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252504. [PMID: 34115770 PMCID: PMC8195432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals reactivating epigenetically silenced genes target diverse classes of enzymes, including DNMTs, HDACs, HMTs and BET protein family members. They can strongly influence the expression of genes and endogenous retroviral elements with concomitant dsRNA synthesis and massive transcription of LTRs. Chemicals reactivating gene expression may cause both beneficial effects in cancer cells and may be hazardous by promoting carcinogenesis. Among chemicals used in medicine and commerce, only a small fraction has been studied with respect to their influence on epigenetic silencing. Screening of chemicals reactivating silent genes requires adequate systems mimicking whole-genome processes. We used a HeLa TSA-inducible cell population (HeLa TI cells) obtained by retroviral infection of a GFP-containing vector followed by several rounds of cell sorting for screening purposes. Previously, the details of GFP epigenetic silencing in HeLa TI cells were thoroughly described. Herein, we show that the epigenetically repressed gene GFP is reactivated by 15 agents, including HDAC inhibitors–vorinostat, sodium butyrate, valproic acid, depsipeptide, pomiferin, and entinostat; DNMT inhibitors–decitabine, 5-azacytidine, RG108; HMT inhibitors–UNC0638, BIX01294, DZNep; a chromatin remodeler–curaxin CBL0137; and BET inhibitors–JQ-1 and JQ-35. We demonstrate that combinations of epigenetic modulators caused a significant increase in cell number with reactivated GFP compared to the individual effects of each agent. HeLa TI cells are competent to metabolize xenobiotics and possess constitutively expressed and inducible cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. Thus, HeLa TI cells may be used as an adequate test system for the extensive screening of chemicals, including those that must be metabolically activated. Studying the additional metabolic activation of xenobiotics, we surprisingly found that the rat liver S9 fraction, which has been widely used for xenobiotic activation in genotoxicity tests, reactivated epigenetically silenced genes. Applying the HeLa TI system, we show that N-nitrosodiphenylamine and N-nitrosodimethylamine reactivate epigenetically silenced genes, probably by affecting DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maksimova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalya Shalginskikh
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Usalka
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- International School "Medicine of the Future", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Beizer
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bugaeva
- Department of Translational Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Fedorov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology, A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Lizogub
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- International School "Medicine of the Future", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Richard Katz
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gennady Belitsky
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of General and Medical Practice, Medical Institute, The Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Xiao L, Somers K, Murray J, Pandher R, Karsa M, Ronca E, Bongers A, Terry R, Ehteda A, Gamble LD, Issaeva N, Leonova KI, O'Connor A, Mayoh C, Venkat P, Quek H, Brand J, Kusuma FK, Pettitt JA, Mosmann E, Kearns A, Eden G, Alfred S, Allan S, Zhai L, Kamili A, Gifford AJ, Carter DR, Henderson MJ, Fletcher JI, Marshall G, Johnstone RW, Cesare AJ, Ziegler DS, Gudkov AV, Gurova KV, Norris MD, Haber M. Dual Targeting of Chromatin Stability By The Curaxin CBL0137 and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat Shows Significant Preclinical Efficacy in Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4338-4352. [PMID: 33994371 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether targeting chromatin stability through a combination of the curaxin CBL0137 with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, panobinostat, constitutes an effective multimodal treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of the drug combination on cancer growth were examined in vitro and in animal models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. The molecular mechanisms of action were analyzed by multiple techniques including whole transcriptome profiling, immune deconvolution analysis, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, assays to assess cell growth and apoptosis, and a range of cell-based reporter systems to examine histone eviction, heterochromatin transcription, and chromatin compaction. RESULTS The combination of CBL0137 and panobinostat enhanced nucleosome destabilization, induced an IFN response, inhibited DNA damage repair, and synergistically suppressed cancer cell growth. Similar synergistic effects were observed when combining CBL0137 with other HDAC inhibitors. The CBL0137/panobinostat combination significantly delayed cancer progression in xenograft models of poor outcome high-risk neuroblastoma. Complete tumor regression was achieved in the transgenic Th-MYCN neuroblastoma model which was accompanied by induction of a type I IFN and immune response. Tumor transplantation experiments further confirmed that the presence of a competent adaptive immune system component allowed the exploitation of the full potential of the drug combination. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CBL0137 and panobinostat is effective and well-tolerated in preclinical models of aggressive high-risk neuroblastoma, warranting further preclinical and clinical investigation in other pediatric cancers. On the basis of its potential to boost IFN and immune responses in cancer models, the drug combination holds promising potential for addition to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jayne Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Ronca
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachael Terry
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anahid Ehteda
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katerina I Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York
| | - Aisling O'Connor
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pooja Venkat
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hazel Quek
- Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Brand
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances K Kusuma
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Mosmann
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Kearns
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina Eden
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Alfred
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Allan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Zhai
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Cesare
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Jin Z, Lu Y, Wu Y, Che J, Dong X. Development of differentiation modulators and targeted agents for treating neuroblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112818. [PMID: 32937281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common pediatric malignancies. Easy metastasis, poor prognosis, and a high degree of heterogeneity of NB hinder its successful treatment. Several different therapeutic strategies have been developed to overcome these problems, including differentiation and targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent development of differentiation modulators and targeted agents for treating NB. Several promising targets of NB were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zegao Jin
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhe Wu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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12
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Yang S, Long Q, Chen M, Liu X, Zhou H. CAF-1/p150 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2338-2346. [PMID: 32782551 PMCID: PMC7400916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide that exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates. Thus, the discovery of novel molecules and targets for cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment is critical. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the chromatin assembly factor (CAF)-1 subunit, CAF-1/p150 on cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the CAF-1/p150 expression in cervical cancer tissues and to analyze the association between CAF-1/p150 expression and the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. In addition, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the function of CAF-1/p150 in cervical cancer cells. The results demonstrated that CAF-1/p150 was expressed in both normal and cervical cancer tissues. CAF-1/p150 protein expression was localized in the cell nuclei and was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore, high CAF-1/p150 expression was significantly associated with FIGO stage, local recurrence, distant metastasis and a shorter overall survival time of patients with cervical cancer. CAF-1/p150 knockdown attenuated the anchorage-independent proliferation, migration and invasion of Hela and SiHa cervical cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, the results of the present study confirmed the involvement of CAF-1/p150 in the progression of cervical cancer, and validated its use as a poor prognostic indicator in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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13
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Histone chaperone CHAF1A impacts the outcome of fluoropyrimidines-based adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer by regulating the expression of thymidylate synthetase. Gene 2019; 716:144034. [PMID: 31377317 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome in adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC) has considerable stage-independent variability, which underscores the need for prognostic or predictive molecular markers. CHAF1A promotes tumor growth while its impact on chemotherapy outcome remains unknown. METHODS CHAF1A protein expression was measured in independent discovery and validation sets that included 86 and 325 patients respectively who received fluoropyrimidines-based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical gastrectomy. The chemosensitizing effect of CHAF1A knockdown was investigated in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis based on RNA-seq and proteome data from public database was performed to investigate the potential mechanisms and further validation was conducted. RESULTS In both the discovery and validation sets, CHAF1A expression level was an independent predictor for disease-free survival (HR = 4.25; 95% CI: 2.31-7.79; P < 0.001; and HR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.03-3.54; P = 0.039, respectively) and overall survival (HR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.75-6.05; P < 0.001; and HR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.12-5.20; P = 0.024, respectively) in patients with non-cardia GC but not in those with cardia GC. In GC cells, CHAF1A knockdown significantly decreased the IC50 of 5-FU. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that CHAF1A correlated with folate metabolism and the expression of thymidylate synthetase (TS). Furthermore, CHAF1A knockdown significantly reduced TS expression in GC cells and CHAF1A positively correlated with TS protein expression in tumor tissues. Finally, ten proteins potentially relevant to the regulation of TS expression by CHAF1A were identified using online tools based on RNA-seq and proteome data. CONCLUSIONS CHAF1A may impact adjuvant chemotherapy outcome of GC by regulating the expression of TS.
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14
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Zhao H, Duan Y, Liu T, Li L, Li W, Li J. Over-expression of chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A (CHAF1A) facilitates cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1627245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yan Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Tanzhen Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
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15
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Volk A, Liang K, Suraneni P, Li X, Zhao J, Bulic M, Marshall S, Pulakanti K, Malinge S, Taub J, Ge Y, Rao S, Bartom E, Shilatifard A, Crispino JD. A CHAF1B-Dependent Molecular Switch in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Pathogenesis. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:707-723.e7. [PMID: 30423293 PMCID: PMC6235627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CHAF1B is the p60 subunit of the chromatin assembly factor (CAF1) complex, which is responsible for assembly of histones H3.1/H4 heterodimers at the replication fork during S phase. Here we report that CHAF1B is required for normal hematopoiesis while its overexpression promotes leukemia. CHAF1B has a pro-leukemia effect by binding chromatin at discrete sites and interfering with occupancy of transcription factors that promote myeloid differentiation, such as CEBPA. Reducing Chaf1b activity by either heterozygous deletion or overexpression of a CAF1 dominant negative allele is sufficient to suppress leukemogenesis in vivo without impairing normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Volk
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 5-123, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Praveen Suraneni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 5-123, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Marinka Bulic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 5-123, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stacy Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Taub
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program of the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program of the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 5-123, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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16
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Delgado-Benito V, Rosen DB, Wang Q, Gazumyan A, Pai JA, Oliveira TY, Sundaravinayagam D, Zhang W, Andreani M, Keller L, Kieffer-Kwon KR, Pękowska A, Jung S, Driesner M, Subbotin RI, Casellas R, Chait BT, Nussenzweig MC, Di Virgilio M. The Chromatin Reader ZMYND8 Regulates Igh Enhancers to Promote Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination. Mol Cell 2018; 72:636-649.e8. [PMID: 30293785 PMCID: PMC6242708 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) is a DNA recombination reaction that diversifies the effector component of antibody responses. CSR is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which targets transcriptionally active immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) switch donor and acceptor DNA. The 3′ Igh super-enhancer, 3′ regulatory region (3′RR), is essential for acceptor region transcription, but how this function is regulated is unknown. Here, we identify the chromatin reader ZMYND8 as an essential regulator of the 3′RR. In B cells, ZMYND8 binds promoters and super-enhancers, including the Igh enhancers. ZMYND8 controls the 3′RR activity by modulating the enhancer transcriptional status. In its absence, there is increased 3′RR polymerase loading and decreased acceptor region transcription and CSR. In addition to CSR, ZMYND8 deficiency impairs somatic hypermutation (SHM) of Igh, which is also dependent on the 3′RR. Thus, ZMYND8 controls Igh diversification in mature B lymphocytes by regulating the activity of the 3′ Igh super-enhancer. ZMYND8 is required for GLT of acceptor S regions and Class Switch Recombination ZMYND8 supports efficient somatic hypermutation of the Igh variable regions ZMYND8 binds B cell super-enhancers, including the 3′ Igh enhancer ZMYND8 modulates the transcriptional status and activity of the 3′ Igh enhancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Delgado-Benito
- Laboratory of DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Daniel B Rosen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joy A Pai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Devakumar Sundaravinayagam
- Laboratory of DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matteo Andreani
- Laboratory of DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Lisa Keller
- Laboratory of DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | | | | | - Seolkyoung Jung
- Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madlen Driesner
- Laboratory of DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Roman I Subbotin
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rafael Casellas
- Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- Laboratory of DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
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17
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Roles of the CSE1L-mediated nuclear import pathway in epigenetic silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4013-E4022. [PMID: 29636421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800505115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing can be mediated by various mechanisms, and many regulators remain to be identified. Here, we report a genome-wide siRNA screening to identify regulators essential for maintaining gene repression of a CMV promoter silenced by DNA methylation. We identified CSE1L (chromosome segregation 1 like) as an essential factor for the silencing of the reporter gene and many endogenous methylated genes. CSE1L depletion did not cause DNA demethylation. On the other hand, the methylated genes derepressed by CSE1L depletion largely overlapped with methylated genes that were also reactivated by treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Gene silencing defects observed upon CSE1L depletion were linked to its nuclear import function for certain protein cargos because depletion of other factors involved in the same nuclear import pathway, including KPNAs and KPNB1 proteins, displayed similar derepression profiles at the genome-wide level. Therefore, CSE1L appears to be critical for the nuclear import of certain key repressive proteins. Indeed, NOVA1, HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC8, genes known as silencing factors, became delocalized into cytosol upon CSE1L depletion. This study suggests that the cargo specificity of the protein nuclear import system may impact the selectivity of gene silencing.
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18
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Leonova K, Safina A, Nesher E, Sandlesh P, Pratt R, Burkhart C, Lipchick B, Gitlin I, Frangou C, Koman I, Wang J, Kirsanov K, Yakubovskaya MG, Gudkov AV, Gurova K. TRAIN (Transcription of Repeats Activates INterferon) in response to chromatin destabilization induced by small molecules in mammalian cells. eLife 2018; 7:e30842. [PMID: 29400649 PMCID: PMC5815852 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular responses to the loss of genomic stability are well-established, while how mammalian cells respond to chromatin destabilization is largely unknown. We previously found that DNA demethylation on p53-deficient background leads to transcription of repetitive heterochromatin elements, followed by an interferon response, a phenomenon we named TRAIN (Transcription of Repeats Activates INterferon). Here, we report that curaxin, an anticancer small molecule, destabilizing nucleosomes via disruption of histone/DNA interactions, also induces TRAIN. Furthermore, curaxin inhibits oncogene-induced transformation and tumor growth in mice in an interferon-dependent manner, suggesting that anticancer activity of curaxin, previously attributed to p53-activation and NF-kappaB-inhibition, may also involve induction of interferon response to epigenetic derepression of the cellular 'repeatome'. Moreover, we observed that another type of drugs decondensing chromatin, HDAC inhibitor, also induces TRAIN. Thus, we proposed that TRAIN may be one of the mechanisms ensuring epigenetic integrity of mammalian cells via elimination of cells with desilenced chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Alfiya Safina
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Molecular BiologyAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Poorva Sandlesh
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Rachel Pratt
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | - Brittany Lipchick
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ilya Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Costakis Frangou
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular BiologyAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical CarcinogenesisInstitute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Marianna G Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical CarcinogenesisInstitute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
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19
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Multivalent Histone and DNA Engagement by a PHD/BRD/PWWP Triple Reader Cassette Recruits ZMYND8 to K14ac-Rich Chromatin. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2724-2737. [PMID: 27926874 PMCID: PMC5177622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of interactions involving DNA and histone post-translational-modifications (PTMs) is essential for providing insights into complex biological functions. Reader assemblies connected by flexible linkages facilitate avidity and increase affinity; however, little is known about the contribution to the recognition process of multiple PTMs because of rigidity in the absence of conformational flexibility. Here, we resolve the crystal structure of the triple reader module (PHD-BRD-PWWP) of ZMYND8, which forms a stable unit capable of simultaneously recognizing multiple histone PTMs while presenting a charged platform for association with DNA. Single domain disruptions destroy the functional network of interactions initiated by ZMYND8, impairing recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Our data establish a proof of principle that rigidity can be compensated by concomitant DNA and histone PTM interactions, maintaining multivalent engagement of transient chromatin states. Thus, our findings demonstrate an important role for rigid multivalent reader modules in nucleosome binding and chromatin function. The ZMYND8 PHD/BRD/PWW cassette forms a stable structural reader ensemble The reader ensemble binds chromatin via simultaneous engagement of histones and DNA Each module of the ZMYND8 reader ensemble contributes to chromatin interactions Genome-wide distribution of ZMYND8 at enhancers is mediated by K14ac interactions
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20
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Abstract
My laboratory investigations have been driven by an abiding interest in understanding the consequences of genetic rearrangement in evolution and disease, and in using viruses to elucidate fundamental mechanisms in biology. Starting with bacteriophages and moving to the retroviruses, my use of the tools of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics has spanned more than half a century-from the time when DNA structure was just discovered to the present day of big data and epigenetics. Both riding and contributing to the successive waves of technology, my laboratory has elucidated fundamental mechanisms in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. We have made substantial contributions in the area of retroviral oncogenesis, delineated mechanisms that control retroviral gene expression, and elucidated critical details of the structure and function of the retroviral enzymes-reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase-and have had the satisfaction of knowing that the fundamental knowledge gained from these studies contributed important groundwork for the eventual development of antiviral drugs to treat AIDS. While pursuing laboratory research as a principal investigator, I have also been a science administrator-moving from laboratory head to department chair and, finally, to institute director. In addition, I have undertaken a number of community service, science-related "extracurricular" activities during this time. Filling all of these roles, while being a wife and mother, has required family love and support, creative management, and, above all, personal flexibility-with not too much long-term planning. I hope that this description of my journey, with various roles, obstacles, and successes, will be both interesting and informative, especially to young female scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Ann Skalka
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111;
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21
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Shih CT, Chang YF, Chen YT, Ma CP, Chen HW, Yang CC, Lu JC, Tsai YS, Chen HC, Tan BCM. The PPARγ-SETD8 axis constitutes an epigenetic, p53-independent checkpoint on p21-mediated cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2017; 16:797-813. [PMID: 28514051 PMCID: PMC5506440 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent proliferative arrest triggered by genome instability or aberrant growth stresses, acting as a protective or even tumor‐suppressive mechanism. While several key aspects of gene regulation have been known to program this cessation of cell growth, the involvement of the epigenetic regulation has just emerged but remains largely unresolved. Using a systems approach that is based on targeted gene profiling, we uncovered known and novel chromatin modifiers with putative link to the senescent state of the cells. Among these, we identified SETD8 as a new target as well as a key regulator of the cellular senescence signaling. Knockdown of SETD8 triggered senescence induction in proliferative culture, irrespectively of the p53 status of the cells; ectopic expression of this epigenetic writer alleviated the extent doxorubicin‐induced cellular senescence. This repressive effect of SETD8 in senescence was mediated by directly maintaining the silencing mark H4K20me1 at the locus of the senescence switch gene p21. Further in support of this regulatory link, depletion of p21 reversed this SETD8‐mediated cellular senescence. Additionally, we found that PPARγ acts upstream and regulates SETD8 expression in proliferating cells. Downregulation of PPARγ coincided with the senescence induction, while its activation inhibited the progression of this process. Viewed together, our findings delineated a new epigenetic pathway through which the PPARγ‐SETD8 axis directly silences p21 expression and consequently impinges on its senescence‐inducing function. This implies that SETD8 may be part of a cell proliferation checkpoint mechanism and has important implications in antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Tien Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ching Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Juu-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
| | - Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Lin-Kou Medical Center; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Tao-Yuan Taiwan
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22
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Partolina M, Thoms HC, MacLeod KG, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Clarke MN, Venkatasubramani AV, Beesoo R, Larionov V, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Serrels B, Kimura H, Carragher NO, Kagansky A. Global histone modification fingerprinting in human cells using epigenetic reverse phase protein array. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:16077. [PMID: 28326191 PMCID: PMC5349387 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of genomic functions. Aberrations in global levels of histone modifications are linked to carcinogenesis and are currently the focus of intense scrutiny and translational research investments to develop new therapies, which can modify complex disease pathophysiology through epigenetic control. However, despite significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic machinery in various genomic contexts and cell types, the links between epigenetic modifications and cellular phenotypes are far from being clear. For example, enzymes controlling histone modifications utilize key cellular metabolites associated with intra- and extracellular feedback loops, adding a further layer of complexity to this process. Meanwhile, it has become increasingly evident that new assay technologies which provide robust and precise measurement of global histone modifications are required, for at least two pressing reasons: firstly, many approved drugs are known to influence histone modifications and new cancer therapies are increasingly being developed towards targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and other epigenetic readers and writers. Therefore, robust assays for fingerprinting the global effects of such drugs on preclinical cell, organoid and in vivo models is required; and secondly, robust histone-fingerprinting assays applicable to patient samples may afford the development of next-generation diagnostic and prognostic tools. In our study, we have used a panel of monoclonal antibodies to determine the relative changes in the global abundance of post-translational modifications on histones purified from cancer cell lines treated with HDAC inhibitors using a novel technique, called epigenetic reverse phase protein array. We observed a robust increase in acetylation levels within 2–24 h after inhibition of HDACs in different cancer cell lines. Moreover, when these cells were treated with N-acetylated amino acids in addition to HDACs, we detected a further increase in histone acetylation, demonstrating that these molecules could be utilized as donors of the acetyl moiety for protein acetylation. Consequently, this study not only offers a novel assay for diagnostics and drug screening but also warrants further research of the novel class of inexpensive, non-toxic natural compounds that could potentiate the effects of HDAC inhibitors and is therefore of interest for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Partolina
- Synthetic Epigenetics Laboratory, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hazel C Thoms
- Synthetic Epigenetics Laboratory, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- Synthetic Epigenetics Laboratory, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew N Clarke
- Synthetic Epigenetics Laboratory, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anuroop V Venkatasubramani
- Synthetic Epigenetics Laboratory, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rima Beesoo
- Department of Health Sciences and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vidushi S Neergheen-Bhujun
- Department of Health Sciences and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology . 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Synthetic Epigenetics Laboratory, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
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23
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Endo A, Ly T, Pippa R, Bensaddek D, Nicolas A, Lamond AI. The Chromatin Assembly Factor Complex 1 (CAF1) and 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) Affect Cell Motility in Src-transformed Human Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:172-184. [PMID: 27872192 PMCID: PMC5217677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion into surrounding stromal tissue is a hallmark of high grade, metastatic cancers. Oncogenic transformation of human epithelial cells in culture can be triggered by activation of v-Src kinase, resulting in increased cell motility, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity and provides a valuable model for studying how changes in gene expression cause cancer phenotypes. Here, we show that epithelial cells transformed by activated Src show increased levels of DNA methylation and that the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) potently blocks the increased cell motility and invasiveness induced by Src activation. A proteomic screen for chromatin regulators acting downstream of activated Src identified the replication-dependent histone chaperone CAF1 as an important factor for Src-mediated increased cell motility and invasion. We show that Src causes a 5-AzaC-sensitive decrease in both mRNA and protein levels of the p150 (CHAF1A) and p60 (CHAF1B), subunits of CAF1. Depletion of CAF1 in untransformed epithelial cells using siRNA was sufficient to recapitulate the increased motility and invasive phenotypes characteristic of transformed cells without activation of Src. Maintaining high levels of CAF1 by exogenous expression suppressed the increased cell motility and invasiveness phenotypes when Src was activated. These data identify a critical role of CAF1 in the dysregulation of cell invasion and motility phenotypes seen in transformed cells and also highlight an important role for epigenetic remodeling through DNA methylation for Src-mediated induction of cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Endo
- From the Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ly
- From the Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Pippa
- From the Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dalila Bensaddek
- From the Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Armel Nicolas
- From the Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Angus I Lamond
- From the Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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24
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Molaro A, Malik HS. Hide and seek: how chromatin-based pathways silence retroelements in the mammalian germline. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 37:51-58. [PMID: 26821364 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Retroelements comprise a major fraction of most mammalian genomes. To protect their fitness and stability, hosts must keep retroelements in check in their germline. In most tissues mobile element insertions are decorated with chromatin modifications suggestive of transcriptional silencing. However, germline cells undergo massive chromatin reprogramming events, which erase repressive chromatin marks and necessitate de novo re-establishment of silencing. How do host genomes achieve the discrimination necessary for this de novo silencing? A series of recent studies have revealed aspects of the multi-pronged strategy that mammalian genomes use to identify and silence retroelements. These strategies include the use of small RNA-guides, of specialized DNA-binding protein adaptors and of proteins that repair chromatin discontinuities caused by retroelement insertions. Genetic analyses reveal the importance of these mechanisms of protection, each of which specializes in silencing retroelements of different evolutionary ages. Together, these strategies allow mammalian genomes to withstand the high burden of their parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Molaro
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Harmit S Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
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25
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Adhikary S, Sanyal S, Basu M, Sengupta I, Sen S, Srivastava DK, Roy S, Das C. Selective Recognition of H3.1K36 Dimethylation/H4K16 Acetylation Facilitates the Regulation of All-trans-retinoic Acid (ATRA)-responsive Genes by Putative Chromatin Reader ZMYND8. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2664-81. [PMID: 26655721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ZMYND8 (zinc finger MYND (Myeloid, Nervy and DEAF-1)-type containing 8), a newly identified component of the transcriptional coregulator network, was found to interact with the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Previous reports have shown that ZMYND8 is instrumental in recruiting the NuRD complex to damaged chromatin for repressing transcription and promoting double strand break repair by homologous recombination. However, the mode of transcription regulation by ZMYND8 has remained elusive. Here, we report that through its specific key residues present in its conserved chromatin-binding modules, ZMYND8 interacts with the selective epigenetic marks H3.1K36Me2/H4K16Ac. Furthermore, ZMYND8 shows a clear preference for canonical histone H3.1 over variant H3.3. Interestingly, ZMYND8 was found to be recruited to several developmental genes, including the all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-responsive ones, through its modified histone-binding ability. Being itself inducible by ATRA, this zinc finger transcription factor is involved in modulating other ATRA-inducible genes. We found that ZMYND8 interacts with transcription initiation-competent RNA polymerase II phosphorylated at Ser-5 in a DNA template-dependent manner and can alter the global gene transcription. Overall, our study identifies that ZMYND8 has CHD4-independent functions in regulating gene expression through its modified histone-binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Adhikary
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064 and the Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064 and
| | - Moitri Basu
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064 and
| | - Isha Sengupta
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064 and
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064 and
| | - Dushyant Kumar Srivastava
- the Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- the Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064 and
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26
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Isbel L, Srivastava R, Oey H, Spurling A, Daxinger L, Puthalakath H, Whitelaw E. Trim33 Binds and Silences a Class of Young Endogenous Retroviruses in the Mouse Testis; a Novel Component of the Arms Race between Retrotransposons and the Host Genome. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005693. [PMID: 26624618 PMCID: PMC4666613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) have been active in the mammalian genome for millions of years and the silencing of these elements in the germline is important for the survival of the host. Mice carrying reporter transgenes can be used to model transcriptional silencing. A mutagenesis screen for modifiers of epigenetic gene silencing produced a line with a mutation in Trim33; the mutants displayed increased expression of the reporter transgene. ChIP-seq of Trim33 in testis revealed 9,109 peaks, mostly at promoters. This is the first report of ChIP-seq for Trim33 in any tissue. Comparison with ENCODE datasets showed that regions of high read density for Trim33 had high read density for histone marks associated with transcriptional activity and mapping to TE consensus sequences revealed Trim33 enrichment at RLTR10B, the LTR of one of the youngest retrotransposons in the mouse genome, MMERVK10C. We identified consensus sequences from the 266 regions at which Trim33 ChIP-seq peaks overlapped RLTR10B elements and found a match to the A-Myb DNA-binding site. We found that TRIM33 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity for A-MYB and regulates its abundance. RNA-seq revealed that mice haploinsufficient for Trim33 had altered expression of a small group of genes in the testis and the gene with the most significant increase was found to be transcribed from an upstream RLTR10B. These studies provide the first evidence that A-Myb has a role in the actions of Trim33 and suggest a role for both A-Myb and Trim33 in the arms race between the transposon and the host. This the first report of any factor specifically regulating RLTR10B and adds to the current literature on the silencing of MMERVK10C retrotransposons. This is also the first report that A-Myb has a role in the transcription of any retrotransposon. Almost half of the genomes of humans and mice are made up of transposable elements. During host evolution, subsets of these elements have periods of transpositional activity during which they spread throughout the genome. This is dependent on the transcriptional activity of these elements in the cells that contribute to the germline. Hosts have evolved pathways to silence their expression. A number of Trim family proteins have been found to have a role in silencing transposable elements, and it was previously shown that Trim33 shared this function in liver. However, the function of Trim33 in other tissues is poorly understood. Here we report a role for Trim33 in silencing a specific subset of retrotransposons that contain RLTR10B LTRs, in the germline. We also show the transcription factor, A-Myb, is responsible for activating transcription of these elements and it is likely that a subset of RLTR10Bs have recently evolved Myb DNA binding sites to capitalise on the critical role that the A-Myb transcription factor has in germ cells. Suppression of A-Myb activity by Trim33 provides a plausible mechanism by which the host keeps transposons in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Isbel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rahul Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald Oey
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Spurling
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Whitelaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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27
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Yang BX, El Farran CA, Guo HC, Yu T, Fang HT, Wang HF, Schlesinger S, Seah YFS, Goh GYL, Neo SP, Li Y, Lorincz MC, Tergaonkar V, Lim TM, Chen L, Gunaratne J, Collins JJ, Goff SP, Daley GQ, Li H, Bard FA, Loh YH. Systematic identification of factors for provirus silencing in embryonic stem cells. Cell 2015; 163:230-45. [PMID: 26365490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) repress the expression of exogenous proviruses and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Here, we systematically dissected the cellular factors involved in provirus repression in embryonic carcinomas (ECs) and ESCs by a genome-wide siRNA screen. Histone chaperones (Chaf1a/b), sumoylation factors (Sumo2/Ube2i/Sae1/Uba2/Senp6), and chromatin modifiers (Trim28/Eset/Atf7ip) are key determinants that establish provirus silencing. RNA-seq analysis uncovered the roles of Chaf1a/b and sumoylation modifiers in the repression of ERVs. ChIP-seq analysis demonstrates direct recruitment of Chaf1a and Sumo2 to ERVs. Chaf1a reinforces transcriptional repression via its interaction with members of the NuRD complex (Kdm1a, Hdac1/2) and Eset, while Sumo2 orchestrates the provirus repressive function of the canonical Zfp809/Trim28/Eset machinery by sumoylation of Trim28. Our study reports a genome-wide atlas of functional nodes that mediate proviral silencing in ESCs and illuminates the comprehensive, interconnected, and multi-layered genetic and epigenetic mechanisms by which ESCs repress retroviruses within the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia Yang
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chadi A El Farran
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Chao Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hai Tong Fang
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hao Fei Wang
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Fen Samantha Seah
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Germaine Yen Lin Goh
- Membrane Traffic Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yinghui Li
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Matthew C Lorincz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Tit-Meng Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lingyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - James J Collins
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Frederic A Bard
- Membrane Traffic Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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28
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Lim YW, Sanz LA, Xu X, Hartono SR, Chédin F. Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and RNA:DNA hybrid accumulation in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26182405 PMCID: PMC4528086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a severe childhood inflammatory disorder that shows clinical and genetic overlap with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AGS is thought to arise from the accumulation of incompletely metabolized endogenous nucleic acid species owing to mutations in nucleic acid-degrading enzymes TREX1 (AGS1), RNase H2 (AGS2, 3 and 4), and SAMHD1 (AGS5). However, the identity and source of such immunogenic nucleic acid species remain undefined. Using genome-wide approaches, we show that fibroblasts from AGS patients with AGS1-5 mutations are burdened by excessive loads of RNA:DNA hybrids. Using MethylC-seq, we show that AGS fibroblasts display pronounced and global loss of DNA methylation and demonstrate that AGS-specific RNA:DNA hybrids often occur within DNA hypomethylated regions. Altogether, our data suggest that RNA:DNA hybrids may represent a common immunogenic form of nucleic acids in AGS and provide the first evidence of epigenetic perturbations in AGS, furthering the links between AGS and SLE. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08007.001 The immune system protects the body from attack by bacteria, viruses, and other microbes. A key feature of this system is the ability to discriminate between the body's own cells and potential foreign invaders. Occasionally, this process can go wrong and the immune system starts attacking its own tissues, which can lead to arthritis, diabetes, lupus, and other ‘autoimmune’ diseases. Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to severe mental and physical symptoms. Recent research has revealed that the disease is caused by mutations in genes that make enzymes called nucleases. In healthy people, these enzymes destroy DNA molecules and other nucleic acids. In AGS patients, the failure of the nucleases to act is thought to lead to the accumulation of unwanted DNA and RNA molecules. These molecules, in turn, are thought to be mistakenly identified by the immune system as ‘foreign’ and to cause an autoimmune response. However, it is not clear how this works. Here, Lim et al. studied skin cells called fibroblasts from patients with Aicardi–Goutières syndrome. The experiments found that the patients' cells had excessive numbers of RNA molecules binding to sections of matching DNA. These unusual DNA–RNA ‘hybrids’ accumulated in regions of the genome that do not contain many genes, perhaps as a result of breaks in the DNA. It is possible that they may mimic nucleic acids from viruses and could trigger an autoimmune response. In healthy individuals, small ‘methyl’ groups are often attached to DNA in a process known as DNA methylation. This serves to maintain the stability of the genome and controls the activity of genes. Unexpectedly, Lim et al. found that the DNA in AGS patients had far fewer methyl groups, especially in areas where the DNA–RNA hybrids had accumulated. This may lead to genome destabilization, alterations in gene activity, and may mean that the DNA in these regions may be mistaken for foreign DNA by the immune system. Altogether, Lim et al.'s findings suggest that Aicardi–Goutières syndrome may be caused by immune responses triggered by the accumulation of RNA–DNA hybrids and lower levels of DNA methylation. These findings may aid the development of new therapies to treat Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, lupus, and other similar diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08007.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Wearn Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Lionel A Sanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Stella R Hartono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Frédéric Chédin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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29
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Ivanov AA, Koval VS, Susova OY, Salyanov VI, Oleinikov VA, Stomakhin AA, Shalginskikh NA, Kvasha MA, Kirsanova OV, Gromova ES, Zhuze AL. DNA specific fluorescent symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBP(n): the synthesis, spectral properties, and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2634-8. [PMID: 25987376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of new fluorescent symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBP(n) bearing bisbenzimidazole fragments joined by oligomethylene linkers with a central 1,4-piperazine residue were synthesized. The complex formation of DBP(n) in the DNA minor groove was demonstrated. The DBP(n) at micromolar concentrations inhibit in vitro eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I and prokaryotic DNA methyltransferase (MTase) M.SssI. The DBP(n) were soluble well in aqueous solutions and could penetrate cell and nuclear membranes and stain DNA in live cells. The DBP(n) displayed a moderate effect on the reactivation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Ivanov
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Vasiliy S Koval
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Susova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Victor I Salyanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Oleinikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey A Stomakhin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalya A Shalginskikh
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | | | - Olga V Kirsanova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Alexei L Zhuze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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30
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Peretz Y, Wu H, Patel S, Bellacosa A, Katz RA. Inhibitor of DNA Binding 4 (ID4) is highly expressed in human melanoma tissues and may function to restrict normal differentiation of melanoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116839. [PMID: 25642713 PMCID: PMC4314081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma tissues and cell lines are heterogeneous, and include cells with invasive, proliferative, stem cell-like, and differentiated properties. Such heterogeneity likely contributes to the aggressiveness of the disease and resistance to therapy. One model suggests that heterogeneity arises from rare cancer stem cells (CSCs) that produce distinct cancer cell lineages. Another model suggests that heterogeneity arises through reversible cellular plasticity, or phenotype-switching. Recent work indicates that phenotype-switching may include the ability of cancer cells to dedifferentiate to a stem cell-like state. We set out to investigate the phenotype-switching capabilities of melanoma cells, and used unbiased methods to identify genes that may control such switching. We developed a system to reversibly synchronize melanoma cells between 2D-monolayer and 3D-stem cell-like growth states. Melanoma cells maintained in the stem cell-like state showed a striking upregulation of a gene set related to development and neural stem cell biology, which included SRY-box 2 (SOX2) and Inhibitor of DNA Binding 4 (ID4). A gene set related to cancer cell motility and invasiveness was concomitantly downregulated. Intense and pervasive ID4 protein expression was detected in human melanoma tissue samples, suggesting disease relevance for this protein. SiRNA knockdown of ID4 inhibited switching from monolayer to 3D-stem cell-like growth, and instead promoted switching to a highly differentiated, neuronal-like morphology. We suggest that ID4 is upregulated in melanoma as part of a stem cell-like program that facilitates further adaptive plasticity. ID4 may contribute to disease by preventing stem cell-like melanoma cells from progressing to a normal differentiated state. This interpretation is guided by the known role of ID4 as a differentiation inhibitor during normal development. The melanoma stem cell-like state may be protected by factors such as ID4, thereby potentially identifying a new therapeutic vulnerability to drive differentiation to the normal cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Peretz
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hong Wu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shayan Patel
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alfonso Bellacosa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Katz
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Poleshko A, Mansfield KM, Burlingame CC, Andrake MD, Shah NR, Katz RA. The human protein PRR14 tethers heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina during interphase and mitotic exit. Cell Rep 2015; 5:292-301. [PMID: 24209742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a protein meshwork that lies under the inner nuclear membrane of metazoan cells. One function of the nuclear lamina is to organize heterochromatin at the inner nuclear periphery. However, very little is known about how heterochromatin attaches to the nuclear lamina and how such attachments are restored at mitotic exit. Here, we show that a previously unstudied human protein, PRR14, functions to tether heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery during interphase, through associations with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and the nuclear lamina. During early mitosis, PRR14 is released from the nuclear lamina and chromatin and remains soluble. Strikingly, at the onset of anaphase, PRR14 is incorporated rapidly into chromatin through HP1 binding. Finally, in telophase, PRR14 relocalizes to the reforming nuclear lamina. This stepwise reassembly of PRR14 suggests a function in the selection of HP1-bound heterochromatin for reattachment to the nuclear lamina as cells exit mitosis.
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Zhang L, Xia H, Han Q, Chen B. Effects of antioxidant gene therapy on the development of diabetic retinopathy and the metabolic memory phenomenon. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 253:249-59. [PMID: 25301398 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect and mechanism of AAV-MnSOD by intravitreal injection on diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and the metabolic memory phenomenon. METHODS The effect of hyperglycemia and metabolic memory on the thickness of basement membrane, ratio of pericyte area and cross-sectional area of capillary vessels in the nerve fiber layer and outer plexiform layer; retinal capillary cell apoptosis; number of acellular capillaries and activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase were examined and compared with intravitreal injection of AAV-MnSOD by transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Hyperglycemia increased the thickness of capillary basement membranes in the nerve fiber layer and outer plexiform layer, decreased the ratio of pericyte area and cross-sectional area of capillary vessels, increased numbers of acellular capillaries and apoptosis of retinal capillary cells, and decreased activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase. Termination of hyperglycemia cannot reverse pathological changes listed above. Intra-vitreal injection of AAV-MnSOD dramatically elevated the level and activities of retinal MnSOD and catalase, and effectively prevented the progression of DRP and the metabolic memory phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Increasing reactive oxygen species concentration and continuous decreasing of antioxidant enzyme activity play important roles in DRP and the metabolic memory phenomenon. AAV-MnSOD gene therapy provides a promising strategy to inhibit this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Poleshko A, Kossenkov AV, Shalginskikh N, Pecherskaya A, Einarson MB, Marie Skalka A, Katz RA. Human factors and pathways essential for mediating epigenetic gene silencing. Epigenetics 2014; 9:1280-9. [PMID: 25147916 PMCID: PMC4169020 DOI: 10.4161/epi.32088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular identity in both normal and disease processes is determined by programmed epigenetic activation or silencing of specific gene subsets. Here, we have used human cells harboring epigenetically silent GFP-reporter genes to perform a genome-wide siRNA knockdown screen for the identification of cellular factors that are required to maintain epigenetic gene silencing. This unbiased screen interrogated 21,121 genes, and we identified and validated a set of 128 protein factors. This set showed enrichment for functional categories, and protein-protein interactions. Among this set were known epigenetic silencing factors, factors with no previously identified role in epigenetic gene silencing, as well as unstudied factors. The set included non-nuclear factors, for example, components of the integrin-adhesome. A key finding was that the E1 and E2 enzymes of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway (SAE1, SAE2/UBA2, UBC9/UBE2I) are essential for maintenance of epigenetic silencing. This work provides the first genome-wide functional view of human factors that mediate epigenetic gene silencing. The screen output identifies novel epigenetic factors, networks, and mechanisms, and provides a set of candidate targets for epigenetic therapy and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology; The Wistar Institute; Philadelphia, PA USA
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Wu Z, Cui F, Yu F, Peng X, Jiang T, Chen D, Lu S, Tang H, Peng Z. Up-regulation of CHAF1A, a poor prognostic factor, facilitates cell proliferation of colon cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:208-15. [PMID: 24845563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of chromatin assembly factor 1, p150 subunit A (CHAF1A) has recently been reported to be involved in the development of some cancer types. In this study, we identified that the frequency of positive CHAF1A staining in primary tumor mucosa (45.8%, 93 of 203 samples) was significantly elevated compared to that in paired normal mucosa (18.7%, 38 of 203 samples). The increased expression was strongly associated with cancer stage, tumor invasion, and histological grade. The five-year survival rate of patients with CHAF1A-positive tumors was remarkably lower than that of patients with CHAF1A-negative tumors. Colon cancer cells with CHAF1A knockdown exhibited decreased cell growth index, reduction in colony formation ability, elevated cell apoptosis rate as well as impaired colon tumorigenicity in nude mice. Hence, CHAF1A upregulation functions as a poor prognostic indicator of colon cancer, potentially contributing to its progression by mediating cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fudong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Bernkopf M, Webersinke G, Tongsook C, Koyani CN, Rafiq MA, Ayaz M, Müller D, Enzinger C, Aslam M, Naeem F, Schmidt K, Gruber K, Speicher MR, Malle E, Macheroux P, Ayub M, Vincent JB, Windpassinger C, Duba HC. Disruption of the methyltransferase-like 23 gene METTL23 causes mild autosomal recessive intellectual disability. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4015-23. [PMID: 24626631 PMCID: PMC4082365 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the characterization of a gene for mild nonsyndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ID) in two unrelated families, one from Austria, the other from Pakistan. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis enabled us to define a region of homozygosity by descent on chromosome 17q25. Whole-exome sequencing and analysis of this region in an affected individual from the Austrian family identified a 5 bp frameshifting deletion in the METTL23 gene. By means of Sanger sequencing of METTL23, a nonsense mutation was detected in a consanguineous ID family from Pakistan for which homozygosity-by-descent mapping had identified a region on 17q25. Both changes lead to truncation of the putative METTL23 protein, which disrupts the predicted catalytic domain and alters the cellular localization. 3D-modelling of the protein indicates that METTL23 is strongly predicted to function as an S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase. Expression analysis of METTL23 indicated a strong association with heat shock proteins, which suggests that these may act as a putative substrate for methylation by METTL23. A number of methyltransferases have been described recently in association with ID. Disruption of METTL23 presented here supports the importance of methylation processes for intact neuronal function and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bernkopf
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tumorcytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Webersinke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tumorcytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Chanakan Tongsook
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Muhammad A Rafiq
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development (MiND) Lab, The Campbell Family Brain Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Doris Müller
- Department of Human Genetics, Landes-Frauen und Kinderklinik, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Muhammad Aslam
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Naeem
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan Division of Developmental Disabilities, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan Division of Developmental Disabilities, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development (MiND) Lab, The Campbell Family Brain Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
A conserved organizational feature of eukaryotic nuclei is the peripheral heterochromatin compartment, which provides a protected area for epigenetically silent genes and gene-poor DNA. In metazoan cells this compartment is associated with the nuclear lamina, the protein meshwork at the inner edge of the nucleus. Heterochromatin-nuclear lamina interactions promote epigenetic gene silencing, which may drive many normal and diseased biological processes. We recently obtained evidence that a previously unstudied human protein, PRR14, participates in the tethering of heterochromatin to the inner nuclear periphery. PRR14 associates with the nuclear lamina and attaches to heterochromatin through its binding partner, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). After disassembly early in mitosis, PRR14 reassembles in two steps, first binding to anaphase chromosomes through HP1, followed by association with the nuclear lamina in telophase. PRR14 may thereby play a role in specifying HP1-bound heterochromatin for reattachment to the nuclear lamina at mitotic exit. Here we review the relevant literature, summarize our initial work, and provide additional comments and findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Poleshko
- Fox Chase Cancer Center; Institute for Cancer Research; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Richard A Katz
- Fox Chase Cancer Center; Institute for Cancer Research; Philadelphia, PA USA
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Benabdellah K, Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Cobo M, Muñoz P, Martín F. A chimeric HS4-SAR insulator (IS2) that prevents silencing and enhances expression of lentiviral vectors in pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84268. [PMID: 24400083 PMCID: PMC3882226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin insulators, such as the chicken β-globin locus control region hypersensitive site 4 (HS4), and scaffold/matrix attachment regions (SARs/MARs) have been incorporated separately or in combination into retroviral vectors (RVs) in order to increase transgene expression levels, avoid silencing and reduce expression variability. However, their incorporation into RVs either produces a reduction on titer and/or expression levels or do not have sufficient effect on stem cells. In order to develop an improved insulator we decided to combine SAR elements with HS4 insulators. We designed several synthetic shorter SAR elements containing 4 or 5 MAR/SARs recognition signatures (MRS) and studied their effects on a lentiviral vector (LV) expressing eGFP through the SFFV promoter (SE). A 388 bp SAR element containing 5 MRS, named SAR2, was as efficient or superior to the other SARs analyzed. SAR2 enhanced transgene expression and reduced silencing and variability on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We next compared the effect of different HS4-based insulators, the HS4-Core (250 bp), the HS4-Ext (400 bp) and the HS4-650 (650 bp). All HS4 elements reduced silencing and expression variability but they also had a negative effect on transgene expression levels and titer. In general, the HS4-650 element had a better overall effect. Based on these data we developed a chimeric insulator, IS2, combining the SAR2 and the HS4-650. When incorporated into the 3′ LTR of the SE LV, the IS2 element was able to enhance expression, avoid silencing and reduce variability of expression on hESCs. Importantly, these effects were maintained after differentiation of the transduced hESCs toward the hematopoietic linage. Neither the HS4-650 nor the SAR2 elements had these effects. The IS2 element is therefore a novel insulator that confers expression stability and enhances expression of LVs on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Benabdellah
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (FM); (KB)
| | - Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marién Cobo
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (FM); (KB)
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38
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Barbieri E, De Preter K, Capasso M, Chen Z, Hsu DM, Tonini GP, Lefever S, Hicks J, Versteeg R, Pession A, Speleman F, Kim ES, Shohet JM. Histone chaperone CHAF1A inhibits differentiation and promotes aggressive neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2013; 74:765-74. [PMID: 24335960 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises from the embryonal neural crest secondary to a block in differentiation. Long-term patient survival correlates inversely with the extent of differentiation, and treatment with retinoic acid or other prodifferentiation agents improves survival modestly. In this study, we show the histone chaperone and epigenetic regulator CHAF1A functions in maintaining the highly dedifferentiated state of this aggressive malignancy. CHAF1A is a subunit of the chromatin modifier chromatin assembly factor 1 and it regulates H3K9 trimethylation of key target genes regulating proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Elevated CHAF1A expression strongly correlated with poor prognosis. Conversely, CHAF1A loss-of-function was sufficient to drive neuronal differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of cells lacking CHAF1A revealed repression of oncogenic signaling pathways and a normalization of glycolytic metabolism. Our findings demonstrate that CHAF1A restricts neural crest differentiation and contributes to the pathogenesis of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Barbieri
- Authors' Affiliations: Texas Children's Cancer Center and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy; Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples; Pediatric Research Institute, University of Padua, Padua; Paediatric Oncology and Haematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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A p53 drug response signature identifies prognostic genes in high-risk neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79843. [PMID: 24348903 PMCID: PMC3865347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy induces apoptosis and tumor regression primarily through activation of p53-mediated transcription. Neuroblastoma is a p53 wild type malignancy at diagnosis and repression of p53 signaling plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Recently developed small molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction are able to overcome this repression and potently activate p53 dependent apoptosis in malignancies with intact p53 downstream signaling. We used the small molecule MDM2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3a, to determine the p53 drug response signature in neuroblastoma cells. In addition to p53 mediated apoptotic signatures, GSEA and pathway analysis identified a set of p53-repressed genes that were reciprocally over-expressed in neuroblastoma patients with the worst overall outcome in multiple clinical cohorts. Multifactorial regression analysis identified a subset of four genes (CHAF1A, RRM2, MCM3, and MCM6) whose expression together strongly predicted overall and event-free survival (p<0.0001). The expression of these four genes was then validated by quantitative PCR in a large independent clinical cohort. Our findings further support the concept that oncogene-driven transcriptional networks opposing p53 activation are essential for the aggressive behavior and poor response to therapy of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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40
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Panigrahi AK, Pati D. Higher-order orchestration of hematopoiesis: is cohesin a new player? Exp Hematol 2012; 40:967-73. [PMID: 23022223 PMCID: PMC3595174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis-the process that generates distinct lineage-committed blood cells from a single multipotent hematopoietic stem cell-is a complex process of cellular differentiation regulated by a set of dynamic transcriptional programs. Cytokines and growth factors, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling, and modifying enzymes have been suggested to enact critical roles during hematopoiesis, leading to the development of myeloid, lymphoid, erythroid and platelet precursors. How is such a complex process orchestrated? Is there a higher order of hematopoiesis regulation? These are some of the unresolved questions in the field of hematopoiesis. Here, we suggest that cohesin, which is known to mediate chromosomal cohesion between sister chromatids, may have a central role in the orchestration of hematopoiesis and serve as a master transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Panigrahi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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41
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McEwan MV, Eccles MR, Horsfield JA. Cohesin is required for activation of MYC by estradiol. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49160. [PMID: 23145106 PMCID: PMC3493498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is best known as a multi-subunit protein complex that holds together replicated sister chromatids from S phase until G2. Cohesin also has an important role in the regulation of gene expression. We previously demonstrated that the cohesin complex positively regulates expression of the oncogene MYC. Cell proliferation driven by MYC contributes to many cancers, including breast cancer. The MYC oncogene is estrogen-responsive and a transcriptional target of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Estrogen-induced cohesin binding sites coincide with ERα binding at the MYC locus, raising the possibility that cohesin and ERα combine actions to regulate MYC transcription. The objective of this study was to investigate a putative role for cohesin in estrogen induction of MYC expression. We found that siRNA-targeted depletion of a cohesin subunit, RAD21, decreased MYC expression in ER-positive (MCF7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. In addition, RAD21 depletion blocked estradiol-mediated activation of MYC in ER-positive cell lines, and decreased ERα binding to estrogen response elements (EREs) upstream of MYC, without affecting total ERα levels. Treatment of MCF7 cells with estradiol caused enrichment of RAD21 binding at upstream enhancers and at the P2 promoter of MYC. Enriched binding at all sites, except the P2 promoter, was dependent on ERα. Since RAD21 depletion did not affect transcription driven by an exogenous reporter construct containing a naked ERE, chromatin-based mechanisms are likely to be involved in cohesin-dependent MYC transcription. This study demonstrates that ERα activation of MYC can be modulated by cohesin. Together, these results demonstrate a novel role for cohesin in estrogen-mediated regulation of MYC and the first evidence that cohesin plays a role in ERα binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda V. McEwan
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Whitacre JM, Atamas SP. Degeneracy allows for both apparent homogeneity and diversification in populations. Biosystems 2012; 110:34-42. [PMID: 22910487 PMCID: PMC3722245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trait diversity - the substrate for natural selection - is necessary for adaptation through selection, particularly in populations faced with environmental changes that diminish population fitness. In habitats that remain unchanged for many generations, stabilizing selection maximizes exploitation of resources by reducing trait diversity to a narrow optimal range. One might expect that such ostensibly homogeneous populations would have a reduced potential for heritable adaptive responses when faced with fitness-reducing environmental changes. However, field studies have documented populations that, even after long periods of evolutionary stasis, can still rapidly evolve in response to changed environmental conditions. We argue that degeneracy, the ability of diverse population elements to function similarly, can satisfy both the current need to maximize fitness and the future need for diversity. Degenerate ensembles appear functionally redundant in certain environmental contexts and functionally diverse in others. We propose that genetic variation not contributing to the observed range of phenotypes in a current population, also known as cryptic genetic variation (CGV), is a specific case of degeneracy. We argue that CGV, which gradually accumulates in static populations in stable environments, reveals hidden trait differences when environments change. By allowing CGV accumulation, static populations prepare themselves for future rapid adaptations to environmental novelty. A greater appreciation of degeneracy's role in resolving the inherent tension between current stabilizing selection and future directional selection has implications in conservation biology and may be applied in social and technological systems to maximize current performance while strengthening the potential for future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Whitacre
- CERCIA Computational Intelligence Lab, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Commonly altered genomic regions in acute myeloid leukemia are enriched for somatic mutations involved in chromatin remodeling and splicing. Blood 2012; 120:e83-92. [PMID: 22976956 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-401471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by molecular heterogeneity. As commonly altered genomic regions point to candidate genes involved in leukemogenesis, we used microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism profiling data of 391 AML cases to further narrow down genomic regions of interest. Targeted resequencing of 1000 genes located in the critical regions was performed in a representative cohort of 50 AML samples comprising all major cytogenetic subgroups. We identified 120 missense/nonsense mutations as well as 60 insertions/deletions affecting 73 different genes (∼ 3.6 tumor-specific aberrations/AML). While most of the newly identified alterations were nonrecurrent, we observed an enrichment of mutations affecting genes involved in epigenetic regulation including known candidates like TET2, TET1, DNMT3A, and DNMT1, as well as mutations in the histone methyltransferases NSD1, EZH2, and MLL3. Furthermore, we found mutations in the splicing factor SFPQ and in the nonclassic regulators of mRNA processing CTCF and RAD21. These splicing-related mutations affected 10% of AML patients in a mutually exclusive manner. In conclusion, we could identify a large number of alterations in genes involved in aberrant splicing and epigenetic regulation in genomic regions commonly altered in AML, highlighting their important role in the molecular pathogenesis of AML.
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Onodera CS, Underwood JG, Katzman S, Jacobs F, Greenberg D, Salama SR, Haussler D. Gene isoform specificity through enhancer-associated antisense transcription. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43511. [PMID: 22937057 PMCID: PMC3427357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers and antisense RNAs play key roles in transcriptional regulation through differing mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhancers are often associated with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), yet the functional role of these enhancer:ncRNA associations is unclear. Using RNA-Sequencing to interrogate the transcriptomes of undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and their derived neural precursor cells (NPs), we identified two novel enhancer-associated antisense transcripts that appear to control isoform-specific expression of their overlapping protein-coding genes. In each case, an enhancer internal to a protein-coding gene drives an antisense RNA in mESCs but not in NPs. Expression of the antisense RNA is correlated with expression of a shorter isoform of the associated sense gene that is not present when the antisense RNA is not expressed. We demonstrate that expression of the antisense transcripts as well as expression of the short sense isoforms correlates with enhancer activity at these two loci. Further, overexpression and knockdown experiments suggest the antisense transcripts regulate expression of their associated sense genes via cis-acting mechanisms. Interestingly, the protein-coding genes involved in these two examples, Zmynd8 and Brd1, share many functional domains, yet their antisense ncRNAs show no homology to each other and are not present in non-murine mammalian lineages, such as the primate lineage. The lack of homology in the antisense ncRNAs indicates they have evolved independently of each other and suggests that this mode of lineage-specific transcriptional regulation may be more widespread in other cell types and organisms. Our findings present a new view of enhancer action wherein enhancers may direct isoform-specific expression of genes through ncRNA intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S. Onodera
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Underwood
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sol Katzman
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Frank Jacobs
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - David Greenberg
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sofie R. Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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Functional networks of human epigenetic factors. Epigenomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511777271.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Šenigl F, Auxt M, Hejnar J. Transcriptional provirus silencing as a crosstalk of de novo DNA methylation and epigenomic features at the integration site. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:5298-312. [PMID: 22379139 PMCID: PMC3384319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomous transcription of integrated retroviruses strongly depends on genetic and epigenetic effects of the chromatin at the site of integration. These effects are mostly suppressive and proviral activity can be finally silenced by mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. To address the role of the integration site at the whole-genome-scale, we performed clonal analysis of provirus silencing with an avian leucosis/sarcoma virus-based reporter vector and correlated the transcriptional silencing with the epigenomic landscape of respective integrations. We demonstrate efficient provirus silencing in human HCT116 cell line, which is strongly but not absolutely dependent on the de novo DNA methyltransferase activity, particularly of Dnmt3b. Proviruses integrated close to the transcription start sites of active genes into the regions enriched in H3K4 trimethylation display long-term stability of expression and are resistant to the transcriptional silencing after over-expression of Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b. In contrast, proviruses in the intergenic regions tend to spontaneous transcriptional silencing even in Dnmt3a(-/-) Dnmt3b(-/-) cells. The silencing of proviruses within genes is accompanied with DNA methylation of long terminal repeats, whereas silencing in intergenic regions is DNA methylation-independent. These findings indicate that the epigenomic features of integration sites are crucial for their permissivity to the proviral expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šenigl
- Department of Cellular and Viral Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Hejnar
- Department of Cellular and Viral Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Reichmann J, Crichton JH, Madej MJ, Taggart M, Gautier P, Garcia-Perez JL, Meehan RR, Adams IR. Microarray analysis of LTR retrotransposon silencing identifies Hdac1 as a regulator of retrotransposon expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002486. [PMID: 22570599 PMCID: PMC3343110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrotransposons are highly prevalent in mammalian genomes due to their ability to amplify in pluripotent cells or developing germ cells. Host mechanisms that silence retrotransposons in germ cells and pluripotent cells are important for limiting the accumulation of the repetitive elements in the genome during evolution. However, although silencing of selected individual retrotransposons can be relatively well-studied, many mammalian retrotransposons are seldom analysed and their silencing in germ cells, pluripotent cells or somatic cells remains poorly understood. Here we show, and experimentally verify, that cryptic repetitive element probes present in Illumina and Affymetrix gene expression microarray platforms can accurately and sensitively monitor repetitive element expression data. This computational approach to genome-wide retrotransposon expression has allowed us to identify the histone deacetylase Hdac1 as a component of the retrotransposon silencing machinery in mouse embryonic stem cells, and to determine the retrotransposon targets of Hdac1 in these cells. We also identify retrotransposons that are targets of other retrotransposon silencing mechanisms such as DNA methylation, Eset-mediated histone modification, and Ring1B/Eed-containing polycomb repressive complexes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, our computational analysis of retrotransposon silencing suggests that multiple silencing mechanisms are independently targeted to retrotransposons in embryonic stem cells, that different genomic copies of the same retrotransposon can be differentially sensitive to these silencing mechanisms, and helps define retrotransposon sequence elements that are targeted by silencing machineries. Thus repeat annotation of gene expression microarray data suggests that a complex interplay between silencing mechanisms represses retrotransposon loci in germ cells and embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Reichmann
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James H. Crichton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Monika J. Madej
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Taggart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Luis Garcia-Perez
- GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Richard R. Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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48
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Balch C, Matei DE, Huang THM, Nephew KP. Role of epigenomics in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Epigenomics 2012; 2:419-47. [PMID: 22121902 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and while constituting only 3% of all female cancers, it causes 14,600 deaths in the USA annually. Endometrial cancer, the most diagnosed and second-most fatal gynecologic cancer, afflicts over 40,000 US women annually, causing an estimated 7780 deaths in 2009. In both advanced ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, the majority of initially therapy-responsive tumors eventually evolve to a fully drug-resistant phenotype. In addition to genetic mutations, epigenetic anomalies are frequent in both gynecologic malignancies, including aberrant DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications and dysregulated expression of distinct microRNAs, resulting in altered gene-expression patterns favoring cell survival. In this article, we summarize the most recent hypotheses regarding the role of epigenetics in ovarian and endometrial cancers, including a possible role in tumor 'stemness' and also evaluate the possible therapeutic benefits of reversal of these oncogenic chromatin aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Balch
- Medical Sciences Program, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Jordan Hall 302, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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Fan C, Dong L, Zhu N, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Shen Y, Zhang X, Chen M. Isolation of siRNA target by biotinylated siRNA reveals that human CCDC12 promotes early erythroid differentiation. Leuk Res 2012; 36:779-83. [PMID: 22269669 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation is a tightly regulated multi-step process that has not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that a siRNA screened from random siRNA library, siRNA clone-67, induced erythroid differentiation in human erythroleukemia K-562cell line. Here we identified that human CCDC12 (coiled-coil domain containing 12) is a target of siRNA clone-67, by target capture with biotinylated siRNA. Over-expression of CCDC12 in K-562cell up-regulated the expression of CD235, ε-globin and γ-globin, accelerated cell growth, and slightly down-regulated the expression of GATA-2. Knockdown of CCDC12 slowed down the cell growth. These data indicate that CCDC12 is a new participant that promotes early erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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50
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Rhodes JM, McEwan M, Horsfield JA. Gene regulation by cohesin in cancer: is the ring an unexpected party to proliferation? Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1587-607. [PMID: 21940756 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is a multisubunit protein complex that plays an integral role in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA repair, and meiosis. Of significance, both over- and underexpression of cohesin are associated with cancer. It is generally believed that cohesin dysregulation contributes to cancer by leading to aneuploidy or chromosome instability. For cancers with loss of cohesin function, this idea seems plausible. However, overexpression of cohesin in cancer appears to be more significant for prognosis than its loss. Increased levels of cohesin subunits correlate with poor prognosis and resistance to drug, hormone, and radiation therapies. However, if there is sufficient cohesin for sister chromatid cohesion, overexpression of cohesin subunits should not obligatorily lead to aneuploidy. This raises the possibility that excess cohesin promotes cancer by alternative mechanisms. Over the last decade, it has emerged that cohesin regulates gene transcription. Recent studies have shown that gene regulation by cohesin contributes to stem cell pluripotency and cell differentiation. Of importance, cohesin positively regulates the transcription of genes known to be dysregulated in cancer, such as Runx1, Runx3, and Myc. Furthermore, cohesin binds with estrogen receptor α throughout the genome in breast cancer cells, suggesting that it may be involved in the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. Here, we will review evidence supporting the idea that the gene regulation function of cohesin represents a previously unrecognized mechanism for the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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