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Naschberger A, Fadeeva M, Klaiman D, Borovikova-Sheinker A, Caspy I, Nelson N, Amunts A. Structure of plant photosystem I in a native assembly state defines PsaF as a regulatory checkpoint. NATURE PLANTS 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01699-8. [PMID: 38816499 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant photosystem I (PSI) consists of at least 13 nuclear-encoded and 4 chloroplast-encoded subunits that together act as a sunlight-driven oxidoreductase. Here we report the structure of a PSI assembly intermediate that we isolated from greening oat seedlings. The assembly intermediate shows an absence of at least eight subunits, including PsaF and LHCI, and lacks photoreduction activity. The data show that PsaF is a regulatory checkpoint that promotes the assembly of LHCI, effectively coupling biogenesis to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Naschberger
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mariia Fadeeva
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova-Sheinker
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
- Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zazubovich V, Jankowiak R. High-Resolution Frequency-Domain Spectroscopic and Modeling Studies of Photosystem I (PSI), PSI Mutants and PSI Supercomplexes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3850. [PMID: 38612659 PMCID: PMC11011720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two main pigment-protein complexes where the primary steps of oxygenic photosynthesis take place. This review describes low-temperature frequency-domain experiments (absorption, emission, circular dichroism, resonant and non-resonant hole-burned spectra) and modeling efforts reported for PSI in recent years. In particular, we focus on the spectral hole-burning studies, which are not as common in photosynthesis research as the time-domain spectroscopies. Experimental and modeling data obtained for trimeric cyanobacterial Photosystem I (PSI3), PSI3 mutants, and PSI3-IsiA18 supercomplexes are analyzed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their excitonic structure and excitation energy transfer (EET) processes. Detailed information on the excitonic structure of photosynthetic complexes is essential to determine the structure-function relationship. We will focus on the so-called "red antenna states" of cyanobacterial PSI, as these states play an important role in photochemical processes and EET pathways. The high-resolution data and modeling studies presented here provide additional information on the energetics of the lowest energy states and their chlorophyll (Chl) compositions, as well as the EET pathways and how they are altered by mutations. We present evidence that the low-energy traps observed in PSI are excitonically coupled states with significant charge-transfer (CT) character. The analysis presented for various optical spectra of PSI3 and PSI3-IsiA18 supercomplexes allowed us to make inferences about EET from the IsiA18 ring to the PSI3 core and demonstrate that the number of entry points varies between sample preparations studied by different groups. In our most recent samples, there most likely are three entry points for EET from the IsiA18 ring per the PSI core monomer, with two of these entry points likely being located next to each other. Therefore, there are nine entry points from the IsiA18 ring to the PSI3 trimer. We anticipate that the data discussed below will stimulate further research in this area, providing even more insight into the structure-based models of these important cyanobacterial photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Zazubovich
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Bhattacharya O, Ortiz I, Hendricks N, Walling LL. The tomato chloroplast stromal proteome compendium elucidated by leveraging a plastid protein-localization prediction Atlas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1020275. [PMID: 37701797 PMCID: PMC10493611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model species for studying fruit development, wounding, herbivory, and pathogen attack. Despite tomato's world-wide economic importance and the role of chloroplasts as metabolic hubs and integrators of environmental cues, little is known about the stromal proteome of tomato. Using a high-yielding protocol for chloroplast and stromal protein isolation, MudPIT nano-LC-MS/MS analyses, a robust in-house protein database (the Atlas) for predicting the plastid localization of tomato proteins, and rigorous selection criteria for inclusion/exclusion in the stromal proteome, we identified 1,278 proteins of the tomato stromal proteome. We provide one of the most robust stromal proteomes available to date with empirical evidence for 545 and 92 proteins not previously described for tomato plastids and the Arabidopsis stroma, respectively. The relative abundance of tomato stromal proteins was determined using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI). Comparison of the abundance of tomato and Arabidopsis stromal proteomes provided evidence for the species-specific nature of stromal protein homeostasis. The manual curation of the tomato stromal proteome classified proteins into ten functional categories resulting in an accessible compendium of tomato chloroplast proteins. After curation, only 91 proteins remained as unknown, uncharacterized or as enzymes with unknown functions. The curation of the tomato stromal proteins also indicated that tomato has a number of paralogous proteins, not present in Arabidopsis, which accumulated to different levels in chloroplasts. As some of these proteins function in key metabolic pathways or in perceiving or transmitting signals critical for plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress, these data suggest that tomato may modulate the bidirectional communication between chloroplasts and nuclei in a novel manner. The stromal proteome provides a fertile ground for future mechanistic studies in the field of tomato chloroplast-nuclear signaling and are foundational for our goal of elucidating the dynamics of the stromal proteome controlled by the solanaceous-specific, stromal, and wound-inducible leucine aminopeptidase A of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Bhattacharya
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Irma Ortiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Hendricks
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linda L. Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Structure of Photosystem I Supercomplex Isolated from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cytochrome b6f Temperature-Sensitive Mutant. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030537. [PMID: 36979472 PMCID: PMC10046768 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has been widely used as a model system to study photosynthesis. Its possibility to generate and analyze specific mutants has made it an excellent tool for mechanistic and biogenesis studies. Using negative selection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation–mutated cells, we isolated a mutant (TSP9) with a single amino acid mutation in the Rieske protein of the cytochrome b6f complex. The W143R mutation in the petC gene resulted in total loss of cytochrome b6f complex function at the non-permissive temperature of 37 °C and recovery at the permissive temperature of 25 °C. We then isolated photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes from cells grown at the non-permissive temperature and determined the PSI structure with high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy. There were several structural alterations compared with the structures obtained from wild-type cells. Our structural data suggest that the mutant responded by excluding the Lhca2, Lhca9, PsaL, and PsaH subunits. This structural alteration prevents state two transition, where LHCII migrates from PSII to bind to the PSI complex. We propose this as a possible response mechanism triggered by the TSP9 phenotype at the non-permissive temperature.
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Lee J, Song WJ. Photocatalytic C-O Coupling Enzymes That Operate via Intramolecular Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5211-5221. [PMID: 36825656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of light energy for direct utilization in chemical production has been a long-standing goal in enzyme design. Herein, we synthesized artificial photocatalytic enzymes by introducing an Ir photocatalyst and a Ni(bpy) complex to an optimal protein scaffold in close proximity. Consequently, the enzyme generated C-O coupling products with up to 96% yields by harvesting visible light and performing intramolecular electron transfer between the two catalysts. We systematically modulated the catalytic activities of the artificial photocatalytic cross-coupling enzymes by tuning the electrochemical properties of the catalytic components, their positions, and distances within a protein. As a result, we discovered the best-performing mutant that showed broad substrate scopes under optimized conditions. This work explicitly demonstrated that we could integrate and control both the inorganic and biochemical components of photocatalytic biocatalysis to achieve high yield and selectivity in valuable chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Remodeling of algal photosystem I through phosphorylation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232211. [PMID: 36477263 PMCID: PMC9874419 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) with its associated light-harvesting system is the most important generator of reducing power in photosynthesis. The PSI core complex is highly conserved, whereas peripheral subunits as well as light-harvesting proteins (LHCI) reveal a dynamic plasticity. Moreover, in green alga, PSI-LHCI complexes are found as monomers, dimers, and state transition complexes, where two LHCII trimers are associated. Herein, we show light-dependent phosphorylation of PSI subunits PsaG and PsaH as well as Lhca6. Potential consequences of the dynamic phosphorylation of PsaG and PsaH are structurally analyzed and discussed in regard to the formation of the monomeric, dimeric, and LHCII-associated PSI-LHCI complexes.
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Naschberger A, Mosebach L, Tobiasson V, Kuhlgert S, Scholz M, Perez-Boerema A, Ho TTH, Vidal-Meireles A, Takahashi Y, Hippler M, Amunts A. Algal photosystem I dimer and high-resolution model of PSI-plastocyanin complex. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1191-1201. [PMID: 36229605 PMCID: PMC9579051 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) enables photo-electron transfer and regulates photosynthesis in the bioenergetic membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Being a multi-subunit complex, its macromolecular organization affects the dynamics of photosynthetic membranes. Here we reveal a chloroplast PSI from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is organized as a homodimer, comprising 40 protein subunits with 118 transmembrane helices that provide scaffold for 568 pigments. Cryogenic electron microscopy identified that the absence of PsaH and Lhca2 gives rise to a head-to-head relative orientation of the PSI-light-harvesting complex I monomers in a way that is essentially different from the oligomer formation in cyanobacteria. The light-harvesting protein Lhca9 is the key element for mediating this dimerization. The interface between the monomers is lacking PsaH and thus partially overlaps with the surface area that would bind one of the light-harvesting complex II complexes in state transitions. We also define the most accurate available PSI-light-harvesting complex I model at 2.3 Å resolution, including a flexibly bound electron donor plastocyanin, and assign correct identities and orientations to all the pigments, as well as 621 water molecules that affect energy transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Naschberger
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victor Tobiasson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Kuhlgert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annemarie Perez-Boerema
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Ho
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - André Vidal-Meireles
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-CREST, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan.
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
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Banh ATM, Thiele B, Chlubek A, Hombach T, Kleist E, Matsubara S. Combination of long-term 13CO 2 labeling and isotopolog profiling allows turnover analysis of photosynthetic pigments in Arabidopsis leaves. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:114. [PMID: 36183136 PMCID: PMC9526918 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living cells maintain and adjust structural and functional integrity by continual synthesis and degradation of metabolites and macromolecules. The maintenance and adjustment of thylakoid membrane involve turnover of photosynthetic pigments along with subunits of protein complexes. Quantifying their turnover is essential to understand the mechanisms of homeostasis and long-term acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus. Here we report methods combining whole-plant long-term 13CO2 labeling and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis to determine the size of non-labeled population (NLP) of carotenoids and chlorophylls (Chl) in leaf pigment extracts of partially 13C-labeled plants. RESULTS The labeling chamber enabled parallel 13CO2 labeling of up to 15 plants of Arabidopsis thaliana with real-time environmental monitoring ([CO2], light intensity, temperature, relative air humidity and pressure) and recording. No significant difference in growth or photosynthetic pigment composition was found in leaves after 7-d exposure to normal CO2 (~ 400 ppm) or 13CO2 in the labeling chamber, or in ambient air outside the labeling chamber (control). Following chromatographic separation of the pigments and mass peak assignment by high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, mass spectra of photosynthetic pigments were analyzed by triple quadrupole MS to calculate NLP. The size of NLP remaining after the 7-d 13CO2 labeling was ~ 10.3% and ~ 11.5% for all-trans- and 9-cis-β-carotene, ~ 21.9% for lutein, ~ 18.8% for Chl a and 33.6% for Chl b, highlighting non-uniform turnover of these pigments in thylakoids. Comparable results were obtained in all replicate plants of the 13CO2 labeling experiment except for three that were showing anthocyanin accumulation and growth impairment due to insufficient water supply (leading to stomatal closure and less 13C incorporation). CONCLUSIONS Our methods allow 13CO2 labeling and estimation of NLP for photosynthetic pigments with high reproducibility despite potential variations in [13CO2] between the experiments. The results indicate distinct turnover rates of carotenoids and Chls in thylakoid membrane, which can be investigated in the future by time course experiments. Since 13C enrichment can be measured in a range of compounds, long-term 13CO2 labeling chamber, in combination with appropriate MS methods, facilitates turnover analysis of various metabolites and macromolecules in plants on a time scale of hours to days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi-Mai Banh
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antonia Chlubek
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hombach
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Einhard Kleist
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Zhang X, Li Y, Yan H, Cai K, Li H, Wu Z, Wu J, Yang X, Jiang H, Wang Q, Qu G, Zhao X. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal different metabolite biosynthesis profiles of Juglans mandshurica in shade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:991874. [PMID: 36237500 PMCID: PMC9552962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Light is not only a very important source of energy for the normal growth and development of plants, but also a regulator of many development and metabolic processes. The mechanism of plant growth and development under low light conditions is an important scientific question. With the promulgation of the law to stop natural forest cutting, understory regeneration is an important method for artificial forest afforestation. Here, the growth and physiological indexes of Juglans mandshurica, an important hardwood species in Northeast China, were measured under different shade treatments. In addition, transcriptome and metabolome were compared to analyze the molecular mechanism of shade tolerance in J. mandshurica. The results showed that the seedling height of the shade treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the 50% light (L50) treatment was the highest. Compared with the control group, the contents of gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinolide, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b in all shade treatments were significantly higher. However, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency decreased with increasing shade. Furthermore, the transcriptome identified thousands of differentially expressed genes in three samples. Using enrichment analysis, we found that most of the differentially expressed genes were enriched in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and chlorophyll synthesis pathways, and the expression levels of many genes encoding transcription factors were also changed. In addition, analysis of differentially accumulated metabolites showed that a total of 470 differential metabolites were identified, and flavonoids were the major differential metabolites of J. mandshurica under light stress. These results improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism and metabolite accumulation under light stress in J. mandshurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kewei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Scientific Research Center of Harbin Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Daquanzi Forest Station in Binxian County, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Daquanzi Forest Station in Binxian County, Harbin, China
| | - Haichen Jiang
- Daquanzi Forest Station in Binxian County, Harbin, China
| | - Qingcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Degen GE. Under (stromal redox) pressure: NADP+ synthesis regulates photosystem I biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1890-1892. [PMID: 35762965 PMCID: PMC9342979 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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11
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Gao P, Xia H, Li Q, Li Z, Zhai C, Weng L, Mi H, Yan S, Datla R, Wang H, Yang J. PALE-GREEN LEAF 1, a rice cpSRP54 protein, is essential for the assembly of the PSI-LHCI supercomplex. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e436. [PMID: 35949951 PMCID: PMC9358330 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although photosynthetic multiprotein complexes have received major attention, our knowledge about the assembly of these proteins into functional complexes in plants is still limited. In the present study, we have identified a chlorophyll-deficient mutant, pale-green leaf 1 (pgl1), in rice that displays abnormally developed chloroplasts. Map-based cloning of this gene revealed that OsPGL1 encodes a chloroplast targeted protein homologous to the 54-kDa subunit of the signal recognition particle (cpSRP54). Immunoblot analysis revealed that the accumulation of the PSI core proteins PsaA and PsaB, subunits from the ATP synthase, cytochrome, and light-harvesting complex (LHC) is dramatically reduced in pgl1. Blue native gel analysis of thylakoid membrane proteins showed the existence of an extra band in the pgl1 mutant, which located between the dimeric PSII/PSI-LHCI and the monomeric PSII. Immunodetection after 2D separation indicated that the extra band consists of the proteins from the PSI core complex. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence at 77 K further confirmed that PSI, rather than PSII, was primarily impaired in the pgl1 mutant. These results suggest that OsPGL1 might act as a molecular chaperone that is required for the efficient assembly and specific integration of the peripheral LHCI proteins into the PSI core complex in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Saskatoon Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐food CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Haoqiang Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zongzhu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Chun Zhai
- Saskatoon Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐food CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Lin Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hualing Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Song Yan
- Rice Research InstituteJiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchangChina
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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12
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Li X, Yang G, Yuan X, Wu F, Wang W, Shen JR, Kuang T, Qin X. Structural elucidation of vascular plant photosystem I and its functional implications. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:432-443. [PMID: 34637699 DOI: 10.1071/fp21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, bryophytes and algae, the photosynthetic light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane where two transmembrane supercomplexes PSII and PSI work together with cytochrome b 6 f and ATP synthase to harvest the light energy and produce ATP and NADPH. Vascular plant PSI is a 600-kDa protein-pigment supercomplex, the core complex of which is partly surrounded by peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) that captures sunlight and transfers the excitation energy to the core to be used for charge separation. PSI is unique mainly in absorption of longer-wavelengths than PSII, fast excitation energy transfer including uphill energy transfer, and an extremely high quantum efficiency. From the early 1980s, a lot of effort has been dedicated to structural and functional studies of PSI-LHCI, leading to the current understanding of how more than 200 cofactors are kept at the correct distance and geometry to facilitate fast energy transfer in this supercomplex at an atomic level. In this review, we review the history of studies on vascular plant PSI-LHCI, summarise the present research progress on its structure, and present some new and further questions to be answered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; and School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Gongxian Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Yocum CF. Photosystem 2 and the oxygen evolving complex: a brief overview. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:97-105. [PMID: 35294671 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
These special issues of photosynthesis research present papers documenting progress in revealing the many aspects of photosystem 2, a unique, one-of-a-kind complex system that can reduce a plastoquinone to a plastoquinol on every second flash of light and oxidize 2 H2O to an O2 on every fourth flash. This overview is a brief personal assessment of the progress observed by the author over a four-decade research career, including a discussion of some remaining unsolved issues. It will come as no surprise to readers that there are remaining questions given the complexity of PS2, and the efforts that have been needed so far to uncover its secrets. In fact, most readers will have their own lists of outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Yocum
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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14
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Therby-Vale R, Lacombe B, Rhee SY, Nussaume L, Rouached H. Mineral nutrient signaling controls photosynthesis: focus on iron deficiency-induced chlorosis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:502-509. [PMID: 34848140 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates. To perform this process, an adequate supply of essential mineral elements, such as iron, is required in the chloroplast. Because iron plays a crucial role during electron transport and chlorophyll formation, iron deficiency alters photosynthesis and promotes chlorosis, or the yellowing of leaves. Intriguingly, iron deficiency-induced chlorosis can be reverted by the depletion of other micronutrients [i.e., manganese (Mn)] or macronutrients [i.e., sulfur (S) or phosphorus (P)], raising the question of how plants integrate nutrient status to control photosynthesis. Here, we review how improving our understanding of the complex relationship between nutrient homeostasis and photosynthesis has great potential for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- DRF/BIAM/SBVME/SAVE UMR 7265 CEA-CNRS-Université Aix Marseille-CEA Cadarache, 13108 St Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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15
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Wang CK, Li XM, Dong F, Sun CH, Lu WL, Hu DG. Yang cycle enzyme DEP1: its moonlighting functions in PSI and ROS production during leaf senescence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:10. [PMID: 37789483 PMCID: PMC10514949 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis are closely associated but the underlying molecular mechanism is a mystery. Here we reported that apple DEHYDRATASE-ENOLASE-PHOSPHATASE-COMPLEX1 (MdDEP1), initially characterized to its enzymatic function in the recycling of the ethylene precursor SAM, plays a role in the regulation of photosystem I (PSI) activity, activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and negatively regulating the leaf senescence. A series of Y2H, Pull-down, CO-IP and Cell-free degradation biochemical assays showed that MdDEP1 directly interacts with and dephosphorylates the nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein MdY3IP1, leading to the destabilization of MdY3IP1, reduction of the PSI activity, and the overproduction of ROS in plant cells. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism that the two pathways intersect at MdDEP1 due to its moonlighting role in destabilizing MdY3IP1, and synchronize ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Li Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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16
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Gorski C, Riddle R, Toporik H, Da Z, Dobson Z, Williams D, Mazor Y. The structure of the Physcomitrium patens photosystem I reveals a unique Lhca2 paralogue replacing Lhca4. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:307-316. [PMID: 35190662 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrium patens diverged from green algae shortly after the colonization of land by ancient plants. This colonization posed new environmental challenges, which drove evolutionary processes. The photosynthetic machinery of modern flowering plants is adapted to the high light conditions on land. Red-shifted Lhca4 antennae are present in the photosystem I light-harvesting complex of many green-lineage plants but absent in P. patens. The cryo-EM structure of the P. patens photosystem I light-harvesting complex I supercomplex (PSI-LHCI) at 2.8 Å reveals that Lhca4 is replaced by a unique Lhca2 paralogue in moss. This PSI-LHCI supercomplex also retains the PsaM subunit, present in Cyanobacteria and several algal species but lost in vascular plants, and the PsaO subunit responsible for binding light-harvesting complex II. The blue-shifted Lhca2 paralogue and chlorophyll b enrichment relative to flowering plants make the P. patens PSI-LHCI spectroscopically unique among other green-lineage supercomplexes. Overall, the structure represents an evolutionary intermediate PSI with the crescent-shaped LHCI common in vascular plants, and contains a unique Lhca2 paralogue that facilitates the moss's adaptation to low-light niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gorski
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - R Riddle
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - H Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Z Da
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Z Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - D Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Y Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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17
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Wolfe KD, Gargye A, Mwambutsa F, Than L, Cliffel DE, Jennings GK. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Photosystem I and PEDOT:PSS Biohybrid Films for Photocurrent Generation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10481-10489. [PMID: 34428063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of electrode interfaces to achieve efficient electron transfer to biomolecules is important in many bioelectrochemical processes. Within the field of biohybrid solar energy conversion, constructing multilayered Photosystem I (PSI) protein films that maintain good electronic connection to an underlying electrode has been a major challenge. Previous shortcomings include low loadings, long deposition times, and poor connection between PSI and conducting polymers within composite films. Here, we show that PSI protein complexes can be deposited into monolayers within a 30 min timespan by leveraging the electrostatic interactions between the protein complex and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymer. Further, we follow a layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition procedure to produce up to 9-layer pairs of PSI and PEDOT:PSS with highly reproducible layer thicknesses as well as distinct changes in surface composition. When tested in an electrochemical cell employing ubiquinone-0 as a mediator, the photocurrent performance of the LBL films increased linearly by 83 ± 6 nA/cm2 per PSI layer up to 6-layer pairs. The 6-layer pair samples yielded a photocurrent of 414 ± 13 nA/cm2, after which the achieved photocurrent diminished with additional layer pairs. The turnover number (TN) of the PSI-PEDOT:PSS LBL assemblies also greatly exceeds that of drop-casted PSI multilayer films, highlighting that the rate of electron collection is improved through the systematic deposition of the protein complexes and conducting polymer. The capability to deposit high loadings of PSI between PEDOT:PSS layers, while retaining connection to the underlying electrode, shows the value in using LBL assembly to produce PSI and PEDOT:PSS bioelectrodes for photoelectrochemical energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kody D Wolfe
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science & Engineering Program, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee 37235-0106, United States
| | - Avi Gargye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
| | - Faustin Mwambutsa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
| | - Long Than
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - G Kane Jennings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
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18
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Transcriptome Analysis of Two Near-Isogenic Lines with Different NUE under Normal Nitrogen Conditions in Wheat. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080787. [PMID: 34440020 PMCID: PMC8389668 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary High nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the key to ensure high yield and reduce pollution. Understanding the physiological and molecular changes that regulate NUE is important for the breeding of high-NUE wheat varieties. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism are the basic metabolic pathways in plants. It becomes important to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which may be helpful to improve NUE. In this paper, two wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) with contrasting NUE were performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify candidate genes associated with carbon/nitrogen metabolism under normal nitrogen conditions. Our research may provide new insights into the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying NUE. Abstract Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for crop productivity. Unfortunately, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants gradually decreases with the increase of the N application rate. Nevertheless, little has been known about the molecular mechanisms of differences in NUE among genotypes of wheat. In this study, we used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the transcriptome profiling of flag leaves at the stage of anthesis in wheat NILs (1Y, high-NUE, and 1W, low-NUE) under normal nitrogen conditions (300 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 1.6 g N pot−1). We identified 7023 DEGs (4738 upregulated and 2285 downregulated) in the comparison between lines 1Y and 1W. The responses of 1Y and 1W to normal N differed in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Several genes belonging to the GS and GOGAT gene families were upregulated in 1Y compared with 1W, and the enhanced carbon metabolism might lead 1Y to produce more C skeletons, metabolic energy, and reductants for nitrogen metabolism. A subset of transcription factors (TFs) family members, such as ERF, WRKY, NAC, and MYB, were also identified. Collectively, these identified candidate genes provided new information for a further understanding of the genotypic difference in NUE.
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19
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Karlický V, Kmecová Materová Z, Kurasová I, Nezval J, Štroch M, Garab G, Špunda V. Accumulation of geranylgeranylated chlorophylls in the pigment-protein complexes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to green light: effects on the organization of light-harvesting complex II and photosystem II functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:233-252. [PMID: 33948813 PMCID: PMC8382614 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light quality significantly influences plant metabolism, growth and development. Recently, we have demonstrated that leaves of barley and other plant species grown under monochromatic green light (500-590 nm) accumulated a large pool of chlorophyll a (Chl a) intermediates with incomplete hydrogenation of their phytyl chains. In this work, we studied accumulation of these geranylgeranylated Chls a and b in pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) of Arabidopsis plants acclimated to green light and their structural-functional consequences on the photosynthetic apparatus. We found that geranylgeranylated Chls are present in all major PPCs, although their presence was more pronounced in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and less prominent in supercomplexes of photosystem II (PSII). Accumulation of geranylgeranylated Chls hampered the formation of PSII and PSI super- and megacomplexes in the thylakoid membranes as well as their assembly into chiral macrodomains; it also lowered the temperature stability of the PPCs, especially that of LHCII trimers, which led to their monomerization and an anomaly in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching. Role of geranylgeranylated Chls in adverse effects on photosynthetic apparatus of plants acclimated to green light is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Kmecová Materová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Győző Garab
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári körút 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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Wang Q, Zhu B, Chen C, Yuan Z, Guo J, Yang X, Wang S, Lv Y, Liu Q, Yang B, Sun C, Wang P, Deng X. A Single Nucleotide Substitution of GSAM Gene Causes Massive Accumulation of Glutamate 1-Semialdehyde and Yellow Leaf Phenotype in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:50. [PMID: 34089406 PMCID: PMC8179877 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrapyrroles play indispensable roles in various biological processes. In higher plants, glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase (GSAM) converts glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA) to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is the rate-limiting step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Up to now, GSAM genes have been successively identified from many species. Besides, it was found that GSAM could form a dimeric protein with itself by x-ray crystallography. However, no mutant of GSAM has been identified in monocotyledonous plants, and no experiment on interaction of GSAM protein with itself has been reported so far. RESULT We isolated a yellow leaf mutant, ys53, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant showed decreased photosynthetic pigment contents, suppressed chloroplast development, and reduced photosynthetic capacity. In consequence, its major agronomic traits were significantly affected. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was LOC_Os08g41990 encoding GSAM protein. In ys53 mutant, a single nucleotide substitution in this gene caused an amino acid change in the encoded protein, so its ALA-synthesis ability was significantly reduced and GSA was massively accumulated. Complementation assays suggested the mutant phenotype of ys53 could be rescued by introducing wild-type OsGSAM gene, confirming that the point mutation in OsGSAM is the cause of the mutant phenotype. OsGSAM is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is localized to chloroplast. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the mutation of OsGSAM not only affected the expressions of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic genes, but also influenced those of photosynthetic genes in rice. In addition, the yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that OsGSAM protein could interact with itself, which could largely depend on the two specific regions containing the 81th-160th and the 321th-400th amino acid residues at its N- and C-terminals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We successfully characterized rice GSAM gene by a yellow leaf mutant and map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we verified that OsGSAM protein could interact with itself mainly by means of the two specific regions of amino acid residues at its N- and C-terminals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Baiyang Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Congping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhaodi Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - San Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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21
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Agostini A, Bortolus M, Ferlez B, Walters K, Golbeck JH, van der Est A, Carbonera D. Differential sensitivity to oxygen among the bacteriochlorophylls g in the type-I reaction centers of Heliobacterium modesticaldum. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:747-759. [PMID: 34018156 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The type-I, homodimeric photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of Heliobacteria (HbRC) is the only known RC in which bacteriochlorophyll g (BChl g) is found. It is also simpler than other RCs, having the smallest number of protein subunits and bound chromophores of any type-I RC. In the presence of oxygen, BChl g isomerizes to 81-hydroxychlorophyll aF (Chl aF). This naturally occurring process provides a way of altering the chlorophylls and studying the effect of these changes on energy and electron transfer. Transient absorbance difference spectroscopy reveals that triplet-state formation occurs in the antenna chlorophylls of HbRCs but does not provide site-specific information. Here, we report on an extended optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) study of the antenna triplet states in HbRCs with differing levels of conversion of BChl g to Chl aF. The data reveal pools of BChl g molecules with different triplet zero-field splitting parameters and different susceptibilities to chemical oxidation. By relating the detailed spectroscopic characteristics derived from the ODMR data to the recently solved crystallographic structure, we have tentatively identified BChl g molecules in which the probability of triplet formation is high and sites at which BChl g conversion is more likely, providing useful information about the fate of the excitation in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branisovska 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Bryan Ferlez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karim Walters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock, Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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22
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Yamanoi Y, Nakae T, Nishihara H. Bio-organic-inorganic hybrid soft materials: photoelectric conversion systems based on photosystem I and II with molecular wires. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Nakae
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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23
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Whang DR. Immobilization of molecular catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. NANO CONVERGENCE 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 33252707 PMCID: PMC7704885 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-020-00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis offers a way of producing fuels or high-value chemicals using a limitless energy source of sunlight and abundant resources such as water, CO2, and/or O2. Inspired by the strategies in natural photosynthesis, researchers have developed a number of homogeneous molecular systems for photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic, and electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis. However, their photochemical instability in homogeneous solution are hurdles for scaled application in real life. Immobilization of molecular catalysts in solid supports support provides a fine blueprint to tackle this issue. This review highlights the recent developments in (i) techniques for immobilizing molecular catalysts in solid supports and (ii) catalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and O2 reduction with the support-immobilized molecular catalysts. Remaining challenges for molecular catalyst-based devices for artificial photosynthesis are discussed in the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ryeol Whang
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 34054, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Schmidt SB, Eisenhut M, Schneider A. Chloroplast Transition Metal Regulation for Efficient Photosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:817-828. [PMID: 32673582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants require sunlight, water, CO2, and essential nutrients to drive photosynthesis and fulfill their life cycle. The photosynthetic apparatus resides in chloroplasts and fundamentally relies on transition metals as catalysts and cofactors. Accordingly, chloroplasts are particularly rich in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). Owing to their redox properties, those metals need to be carefully balanced within the cell. However, the regulation of transition metal homeostasis in chloroplasts is poorly understood. With the availability of the arabidopsis genome information and membrane protein databases, a wider catalogue for searching chloroplast metal transporters has considerably advanced the study of transition metal regulation. This review provides an updated overview of the chloroplast transition metal requirements and the transporters involved for efficient photosynthesis in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marion Eisenhut
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Anja Schneider
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Azarin K, Usatov A, Makarenko M, Kozel N, Kovalevich A, Dremuk I, Yemelyanova A, Logacheva M, Fedorenko A, Averina N. A point mutation in the photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 gene confers variegation in Helianthus annuus L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:373-389. [PMID: 32166486 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Even a point mutation in the psaA gene mediates chlorophyll deficiency. The role of the plastid signal may perform the redox state of the compounds on the acceptor-side of PSI. Two extranuclear variegated mutants of sunflower, Var1 and Var33, were investigated. The yellow sectors of both mutants were characterized by an extremely low chlorophyll and carotenoid content, as well as poorly developed, unstacked thylakoid membranes. A full-genome sequencing of the cpDNA revealed mutations in the psaA gene in both Var1 and Var33. The cpDNA from the yellow sectors of Var1 differs from those in the wild type by only a single, non-synonymous substitution (Gly734Glu) in the psaA gene, which encodes a subunit of photosystem (PS) I. In the cpDNA from the yellow sectors of Var33, the single-nucleotide insertion in the psaA gene was revealed, leading to frameshift at the 580 amino acid position. Analysis of the photosynthetic electron transport demonstrated an inhibition of the PSI and PSII activities in the yellow tissues of the mutant plants. It has been suggested that mutations in the psaA gene of both Var1 and Var33 led to the disruption of PSI. Due to the non-functional PSI, photosynthetic electron transport is blocked, which, in turn, leads to photodamage of PSII. These data are confirmed by immunoblotting analysis, which showed a significant reduction in PsbA in the yellow leaf sectors, but not PsaA. The expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes encoding the PSI subunits (psaA, psaB, and PSAN), the PSII subunits (psbA, psbB, and PSBW), the antenna proteins (LHCA1, LHCB1, and LHCB4), the ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase subunits (rbcL and RbcS), and enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis were down-regulated in the yellow leaf tissue. The extremely reduced transcriptional activity of the two protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis is noteworthy. The disruption of NADPH synthesis, due to the non-functional PSI, probably led to a significant reduction in NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in the yellow sectors of Var1 and Var33. A dramatic decrease in chlorophyllide was shown in the yellow sectors. A reduction in NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, along with photodegradation, has been suggested as a result of chlorophyll deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Azarin
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Maksim Makarenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Kozel
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Irina Dremuk
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anna Yemelyanova
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mariya Logacheva
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nataliya Averina
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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Terentyev VV, Zharmukhamedov SK. Evolutionary Loss of the Ability of the Photosystem I Primary Electron Donor for the Redox Interaction with Mn-Bicarbonate Complexes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:697-708. [PMID: 32586233 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure and functional organization of the photosystem I (PSI) reaction center (RC) donor side has a significant similarity to the reaction centers of purple bacteria (bRCs), despite the fact that they belong to different types of RCs. Moreover, the redox potential values of their primary electron donors are identical (~0.5 V). In our earlier reports [Khorobrykh et al. (2008) Phylos. Trans. R. Soc. B., 363, 1245-1251; Terentyev et al. (2011) Biochemistry (Moscow), 76, 1360-1366; Khorobrykh et al. (2018) ChemBioChem, 14, 1725-1731], we have demonstrated redox interaction of low-potential Mn2+-bicarbonate complexes with bRCs, which might have been one of the first steps in the evolutionary origin of Mn-cluster of the photosystem II water-oxidizing complex that occurred in the Archean (over 3 billion years ago). In this study, we investigated redox interactions between Mn2+-bicarbonate complexes and PSI. Such interactions were almost absent in the original PSI preparations and emerged only in preoxidized PSI preparations containing ~50% oxidized RCs. The interaction between Mn2+-bicarbonate complexes and PSI required increased Mn2+ concentrations, while its dependence on the HCO3- concentration indicated involvement of electroneutral low-potential [Mn(HCO3)2] complex in the process. Analysis of the PSI crystal structure revealed steric hindrances on the RC donor side, which could block the redox interaction between Mn2+-bicarbonate complexes and oxidized primary electron donor. Comparison of structures of RCs from the PSI and ancient RCs from heliobacteria belonging to the same type of RCs suggested that such hindrances should be absent in the primitive PSI in the Archean and allowed to explain their evolutionary origin as a consequence of PSI RCs into the united electron transport chain (ETC) of the photosynthetic membrane that was accompanied by the evolutionary loss of PSI capacity for the redox interaction with Mn2+-bicarbonate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Terentyev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - S K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Structural and Functional Heat Stress Responses of Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060650. [PMID: 32545654 PMCID: PMC7349189 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature elevations constitute a major threat to plant performance. In recent years, much was learned about the general molecular mode of heat stress reaction of plants. The current research focuses on the integration of the knowledge into more global networks, including the reactions of cellular compartments. For instance, chloroplast function is central for plant growth and survival, and the performance of chloroplasts is tightly linked to the general status of the cell and vice versa. We examined the changes in photosynthesis, chloroplast morphology and proteomic composition posed in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts after a single or repetitive heat stress treatment over a period of two weeks. We observed that the acclimation is potent in the case of repetitive application of heat stress, while a single stress results in lasting alterations. Moreover, the physiological capacity and its adjustment are dependent on the efficiency of the protein translocation process as judged from the analysis of mutants of the two receptor units of the chloroplast translocon, TOC64, and TOC33. In response to repetitive heat stress, plants without TOC33 accumulate Hsp70 proteins and plants without TOC64 have a higher content of proteins involved in thylakoid structure determination when compared to wild-type plants.
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Russo M, Petropoulos V, Molotokaite E, Cerullo G, Casazza AP, Maiuri M, Santabarbara S. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics in land plants Photosystem I core and whole supercomplex under oxidised electron donor conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:221-233. [PMID: 32052255 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of excited-state energy migration were investigated by femtosecond transient absorption in the isolated Photosystem I-Light-Harvesting Complex I (PSI-LHCI) supercomplex and in the isolated PSI core complex of spinach under conditions in which the terminal electron donor P700 is chemically pre-oxidised. It is shown that, under these conditions, the relaxation of the excited state is characterised by lifetimes of about 0.4 ps, 4.5 ps, 15 ps, 35 ps and 65 ps in PSI-LHCI and 0.15 ps, 0.3 ps, 6 ps and 16 ps in the PSI core complex. Compartmental spectral-kinetic modelling indicates that the most likely mechanism to explain the absence of long-lived (ns) excited states is the photochemical population of a radical pair state, which cannot be further stabilised and decays non-radiatively to the ground state with time constants in the order of 6-8 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Russo
- IFN Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- IFN Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Egle Molotokaite
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Bassini 15a, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- IFN Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Stanley LE, Ding B, Sun W, Mou F, Hill C, Chen S, Yuan YW. A Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Regulates Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Chromoplast Development in Monkeyflowers ( Mimulus). THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1536-1555. [PMID: 32132132 PMCID: PMC7203930 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in flowers. Here, we characterized the REDUCED CAROTENOID PIGMENTATION2 (RCP2) locus from two monkeyflower (Mimulus) species, the bumblebee-pollinated species Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbird-pollinated species Mimulus verbenaceus We show that loss-of-function mutations of RCP2 cause drastic down-regulation of the entire carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. The causal gene underlying RCP2 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that is closely related to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) REDUCED CHLOROPLAST COVERAGE proteins. RCP2 appears to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis independently of RCP1, a previously identified R2R3-MYB master regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis. We show that RCP2 is necessary and sufficient for chromoplast development and carotenoid accumulation in floral tissues. Simultaneous down-regulation of RCP2 and two closely related paralogs, RCP2-L1 and RCP2-L2, yielded plants with pale leaves deficient in chlorophyll and carotenoids and with reduced chloroplast compartment size. Finally, we demonstrate that M. verbenaceus is just as amenable to chemical mutagenesis and in planta transformation as the more extensively studied M. lewisii, making these two species an excellent platform for comparative developmental genetics studies of closely related species with dramatic phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Stanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Baoqing Ding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fengjuan Mou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
- Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Connor Hill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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Hu L, Zhang H, Xie C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsHD encoding a histidine and aspartic acid domain-containing protein leads to yellow young leaf-1 (yyl-1) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110407. [PMID: 32081257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are an ideal tool to study chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In this study, we identified an EMS-induced yellow young leaf mutant C777. The mutant exhibited yellow cotyledons and emerging true leaves with stay-green dots that turn green gradually with leaf growth. Segregation analysis in several populations indicated that the mutant C777 was controlled by a recessive gene yyl-1. Fine mapping delimited the yyl-1 locus to a 45.3 kb region harboring 8 putative genes, but only one SNP (G to A) was identified between C777 and its wild-type parental line in this region which occurred in the 13th exon of CsHD that encodes a histidine and aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein. This nonsense mutation introduced a stop codon and thus a premature protein. Uniqueness of this mutant allele was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of CsHD gene in the mutant. Further, silencing the NbHD gene by VIGS in tobacco resulted in virescent young leaves and significantly down-regulated expression of HD gene. These results strongly supported the association of the CsHD gene with the virescent young leaf phenotype in C777. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsHD gene in the horticultural crops. The results may help understand the functions of the HD gene in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
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31
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Fang C, Jia Y, Hu L, Lu Y, Wang H. IMPContact: An Interhelical Residue Contact Prediction Method. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4569037. [PMID: 32309431 PMCID: PMC7140131 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4569037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As an important category of proteins, alpha-helix transmembrane proteins (αTMPs) play an important role in various biological activities. Because the solved αTMP structures are inadequate, predicting the residue contacts among the transmembrane segments of an αTMP exhibits the basis of protein fold, which can be used to further discover more protein functions. A few efforts have been devoted to predict the interhelical residue contact using machine learning methods based on the prior knowledge of transmembrane protein structure. However, it is still a challenge to improve the prediction accuracy, while the deep learning method provides an opportunity to utilize the structural knowledge in a different insight. For this purpose, we proposed a novel αTMP residue-residue contact prediction method IMPContact, in which a convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to recognize those interhelical contacts in a TMP using its specific structural features. There were four sequence-based TMP-specific features selected to descript a pair of residues, namely, evolutionary covariation, predicted topology structure, residue relative position, and evolutionary conservation. An up-to-date dataset was used to train and test the IMPContact; our method achieved better performance compared to peer methods. In the case studies, IHRCs in the regular transmembrane helixes were better predicted than in the irregular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yajie Jia
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Department of Computer Science, College of Humanities & Sciences of Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Department of Computer Science, College of Humanities & Sciences of Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
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32
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Perez-Boerema A, Klaiman D, Caspy I, Netzer-El SY, Amunts A, Nelson N. Structure of a minimal photosystem I from the green alga Dunaliella salina. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:321-327. [PMID: 32123351 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy harnessed by oxygenic photosynthesis supports most of the life forms on Earth. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and is achieved by membrane-embedded macromolecular complexes that contain core and peripheral antennae with multiple pigments. The structure of photosystem I (PSI) comprises the core and light-harvesting (LHCI) complexes, which together form PSI-LHCI. Here we determined the structure of PSI-LHCI from the salt-tolerant green alga Dunaliella salina using X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy. Our results reveal a previously undescribed configuration of the PSI core. It is composed of only 7 subunits, compared with 14-16 subunits in plants and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and forms the smallest known PSI. The LHCI is poorly conserved at the sequence level and binds to pigments that form new energy pathways, and the interactions between the individual Lhca1-4 proteins are weakened. Overall, the data indicate the PSI of D. salina represents a different type of the molecular organization that provides important information for reconstructing the plasticity and evolution of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Perez-Boerema
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Y Netzer-El
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Abram M, Białek R, Szewczyk S, Karolczak J, Gibasiewicz K, Kargul J. Remodeling of excitation energy transfer in extremophilic red algal PSI-LHCI complex during light adaptation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are estimated to be highly abundant in nature. While only several thousand proteins are annotated with experimentally derived IDRs, computational methods can be used to predict IDRs for the millions of currently uncharacterized protein chains. Several dozen disorder predictors were developed over the last few decades. While some of these methods provide accurate predictions, unavoidably they also make some mistakes. Consequently, one of the challenges facing users of these methods is how to decide which predictions can be trusted and which are likely incorrect. This practical problem can be solved using quality assessment (QA) scores that predict correctness of the underlying (disorder) predictions at a residue level. We motivate and describe a first-of-its-kind toolbox of QA methods, QUARTER (QUality Assessment for pRotein inTrinsic disordEr pRedictions), which provides the scores for a diverse set of ten disorder predictors. QUARTER is available to the end users as a free and convenient webserver at http://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/QUARTER/ . We briefly describe the predictive architecture of QUARTER and provide detailed instructions on how to use the webserver. We also explain how to interpret results produced by QUARTER with the help of a case study.
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Calcium Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Sugar Beet and Promotes Plant Biomass and Beetroot Sucrose Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153777. [PMID: 31382384 PMCID: PMC6696248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of sugar beet to lose the final sugar yield under water limiting regime. Ample evidences have revealed the important role of mineral nutrition in increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Despite the vital role of calcium (Ca2+) in plant growth and development, as well as in stress responses as an intracellular messenger, its role in alleviating drought stress in sugar beet has been rarely addressed. Here, an attempt was undertaken to investigate whether, and to what extent, foliar application of Ca2+ confers drought stress tolerance in sugar beet plants exposed to drought stress. To achieve this goal, sugar beet plants, which were grown in a high throughput phenotyping platform, were sprayed with Ca2+ and submitted to drought stress. The results showed that foliar application of Ca2+ increased the level of magnesium and silicon in the leaves, promoted plant growth, height, and leaf coverage area as well as chlorophyll level. Ca2+, in turn, increased the carbohydrate levels in leaves under drought condition and regulated transcriptionally the genes involved in sucrose transport (BvSUC3 and BvTST3). Subsequently, Ca2+ enhanced the root biomass and simultaneously led to induction of root (BvSUC3 and BvTST1) sucrose transporters which eventually supported the loading of more sucrose into beetroot under drought stress. Metabolite analysis revealed that the beneficial effect of Ca2+ in tolerance to drought induced-oxidative stress is most likely mediated by higher glutathione pools, increased levels of free polyamine putrescine (Put), and lower levels of amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Taken together, this work demonstrates that foliar application of Ca2+ is a promising fertilization strategy to improve mineral nutrition efficiency, sugar metabolism, redox state, and thus, drought stress tolerance.
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Ning K, Ding C, Huang Q, Zhang W, Yang C, Liang D, Fan R, Su X. Transcriptome profiling revealed diverse gene expression patterns in poplar (Populus × euramericana) under different planting densities. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217066. [PMID: 31141527 PMCID: PMC6541269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain plant genotypes can achieve optimal growth under appropriate environmental conditions. Under high planting density conditions, plants undergo competition for uptake and utilization of light and nutrients. However, the relationship between whole-genome expression patterns and the planting density in perennial woody plants remains unknown. In this study, whole-genome RNA sequencing of poplar (Populus × euramericana) was carried out at three different sampling heights to determine gene expression patterns under high (HD) and low (LD) planting densities. As a result, 4,004 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between HD and LD, of which 2,300, 701, and 1,003 were detected at the three positions, upper, middle and bottom, respectively. Function annotation results further revealed that a large number of the DEGs were involved in distinct biological functions. There were significant changes in the expression of metabolism-related and stimulus-related genes in response to planting density. There were 37 DEGs that were found at all three positions and were subsequently screened. Several DEGs related to plant light responses and photosynthesis were observed at different positions. Meanwhile, numbers of genes related to auxin/indole-3-acetic acid, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were also revealed, displaying overall trends of upregulation under HD. These findings provide a basis for identifying candidate genes related to planting density and could increase our molecular understanding of the effect of planting density on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Institute of Poplar, Gaizhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dejun Liang
- Liaoning Provincial Institute of Poplar, Gaizhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruting Fan
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu Y, Wang L, Feng H, Ren X, Ji J, Bai F, Fan H. Microemulsion-Assisted Self-Assembly and Synthesis of Size-Controlled Porphyrin Nanocrystals with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2614-2619. [PMID: 30848602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Design and engineering of highly efficient light-harvesting nanomaterial systems to emulate natural photosynthesis for maximizing energy conversion have stimulated extensive efforts. Here we present a new class of photoactive semiconductor nanocrystals that exhibit high-efficiency energy transfer for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. These nanocrystals are formed through noncovalent self-assembly of In(III) meso-tetraphenylporphine chloride (InTPP) during microemulsion assisted nucleation and growth process. Through kinetic control, a series of uniform nanorods with controlled aspect ratio and high crystallinity have been fabricated. Self-assembly of InTPP porphyrins results in extensive optical coupling and broader coverage of the visible spectrum for efficient light harvesting. As a result, these nanocrystals display excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production and photostability under the visible light in comparison with the commercial InTPP porphyrin powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Hexiang Feng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Xitong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Juanjuan Ji
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Albuquerque , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87106 , United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
- Advanced Materials Laboratory , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
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38
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Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biological
membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex
in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional
over a wide range of time scales, and characterized
by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these
features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane
behavior. A significant part of the functional processes
in biological membranes takes place at the molecular
level; thus computer simulations are the method of
choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific
molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous
molecules gives rise to function over spatial and
time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this
review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current
state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until
now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture
of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we
also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the
foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton
network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium
transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far
received very little attention; however, the potential
of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A
major milestone for this research would be that one day
we could say that computer simulations genuinely research
biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland.,MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics
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39
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Wang Y, Zhong P, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang C, Yang X, Wan C, Liu C, Zhou H, Yang B, Sun C, Deng X, Wang P. GRA78 encoding a putative S-sulfocysteine synthase is involved in chloroplast development at the early seedling stage of rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:321-329. [PMID: 30824011 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine functions not only as an amino acid in proteins but also as a precursor for a large number of essential biomolecules. Cysteine is synthesized via the incorporation of sulfide to O-acetylserine under the catalysis of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL). In dicotyledonous Arabidopsis, nine OASTL genes have been reported. However, in their null mutants, only the mutant of CS26 encoding S-sulfocysteine synthase showed the visible phenotypic changes, displaying significantly small plants and pale-green leaves under long-day condition but not short-day condition. Up to now, no OASTL gene or mutant has been identified in monocotyledon. In this study, we isolated a green-revertible albino mutant gra78 in rice (Oryza sativa). Its albino phenotype at the early seedling stage was sensitive to temperature but independent of photoperiod. Map-based cloning revealed that candidate gene LOC_Os01g59920 of GRA78 encodes a putative S-sulfocysteine synthase showing significant similarity with Arabidopsis CS26. Complementation experiment confirmed that mutation in LOC_Os01g59920 accounted for the mutant phenotype of gra78. GRA78 is constitutively expressed in all tissues and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. In addition, qRT-PCR suggested that expression levels of four OASTL homolog genes and five photosynthetic genes were remarkably down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiqing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chunmei Wan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chuanqiang Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Pingrong Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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40
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Antoshvili M, Caspy I, Hippler M, Nelson N. Structure and function of photosystem I in Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:499-508. [PMID: 29582227 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of photosynthesis from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to higher plants has been driven by the need to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. The red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is a primitive organism, which is capable of performing photosynthesis in extreme acidic and hot environments. The study of its photosynthetic machinery may provide new insight on the evolutionary path of photosynthesis and on light harvesting and its regulation in eukaryotes. With that aim, the structural and functional properties of the PSI complex were investigated by biochemical characterization, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. PSI was purified from cells grown at 25 and 42 °C, crystallized and its crystal structure was solved at 4 Å resolution. The structure of C. merolae reveals a core complex with a crescent-shaped structure, formed by antenna proteins. In addition, the structural model shows the position of PsaO and PsaM. PsaG and PsaH are present in plant complex and are missing from the C. merolae model as expected. This paper sheds new light onto the evolution of photosynthesis, which gives a strong indication for the chimerical properties of red algae PSI. The subunit composition of the PSI core from C. merolae and its associated light-harvesting antennae suggests that it is an evolutionary and functional intermediate between cyanobacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Antoshvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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41
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Orekhova NI, Osochuk SS. Antioxidant Properties of Plastoquinone and Prospects of its Practical Application. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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42
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Shamsipur M, Pashabadi A. Latest advances in PSII features and mechanism of water oxidation. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Ozawa SI, Bald T, Onishi T, Xue H, Matsumura T, Kubo R, Takahashi H, Hippler M, Takahashi Y. Configuration of Ten Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/ b Complex I Subunits in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Photosystem I. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:583-595. [PMID: 30126869 PMCID: PMC6181050 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the photosystem I (PSI) core complex stably associates with its light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex I (LHCI) to form the PSI-LHCI supercomplex. The vascular plant PSI core complex associates with four distinct LHCI subunits, whereas that of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii binds nine distinct LHCI subunits (LHCA1-LHCA9). The stoichiometry and configuration of these LHCI subunits in the PSI-LHCI supercomplex of C. reinhardtii remain controversial. Here, we determined the stoichiometry of the nine distinct LHCI subunits relative to PSI subunits through uniform labeling of total proteins using 14C. We separated the nine LHCI polypeptides by three different sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems. Our data revealed that the PSI-LHCI supercomplex contains two LHCA1 proteins and one of each of the other eight LHCI subunits. Subsequently, we identified their cross-linked products by immunodetection and mass spectrometry to determine the configuration of the 10 LHCI subunits within the PSI-LHCI supercomplex. Furthermore, analyses of PSI-LHCI complexes isolated from ΔLHCA2 and ΔLHCA5 mutants and oligomeric LHCI from a PSI-deficient (ΔpsaA/B) mutant provided supporting evidence for the LHCI subunit configuration. In conclusion, eight LHCI subunits bind to the PSI core at the site of PSAF subunit in two layers: LHCA1-LHCA8-LHCA7-LHCA3 from PSAG to PSAK, in the inner layer, and LHCA1-LHCA4-LHCA6-LHCA5 in the outer layer. The other two LHCI subunits, LHCA2 and LHCA9, bind PSAB between PSAG and PSAH, PSAG-LHCA9-LHCA2-PSAH. Our study provides new insights into the LHCI configuration linked to the PSI core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-CREST, 4-1-8 Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Till Bald
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Takahito Onishi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Takunori Matsumura
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Kubo
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-CREST, 4-1-8 Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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44
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Chen N, Wang P, Li C, Wang Q, Pan J, Xiao F, Wang Y, Zhang K, Li C, Yang B, Sun C, Deng X. A Single Nucleotide Mutation of the IspE Gene Participating in the MEP Pathway for Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Causes a Green-Revertible Yellow Leaf Phenotype in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1905-1917. [PMID: 29893915 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant isoprenoids are dependent on two independent pathways, the cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the plastidic methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. IspE is one of seven known enzymes in the MEP pathway. Currently, no IspE gene has been identified in rice. In addition, no virescent mutants have been reported to result from a gene mutation affecting the MEP pathway. In this study, we isolated a green-revertible yellow leaf mutant gry340 in rice. The mutant exhibited a reduced level of photosynthetic pigments, and an arrested development of chloroplasts and mitochondria in its yellow leaves. Map-based cloning revealed a missense mutation in OsIspE (LOC_Os01g58790) in gry340 mutant plants. OsIspE is constitutively expressed in all tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Further, the mutant phenotype of gry340 was rescued by introduction of the wild-type gene. Therefore, we have successfully identified an IspE gene in monocotyledons via map-based cloning, and confirmed that the green-revertible yellow leaf phenotype of gry340 does result from a single nucleotide mutation in the IspE gene. In addition, the ispE ispF double mutant displayed an etiolation lethal phenotype, indicating that the isoprenoid precursors from the cytosol cannot efficiently compensate for the deficiency of the MEP pathway in rice chloroplasts. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR suggested that this functional defect in OsIspE affected the expression of not only other MEP pathway genes but also that of MVA pathway genes, photosynthetic genes and mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenggang Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuliang Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Kouřil R, Nosek L, Semchonok D, Boekema EJ, Ilík P. Organization of Plant Photosystem II and Photosystem I Supercomplexes. Subcell Biochem 2018; 87:259-286. [PMID: 29464563 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants are continuously exposed to varying environmental conditions. They have developed a wide range of adaptive mechanisms, which ensure their survival and maintenance of stable photosynthetic performance. Photosynthesis is delicately regulated at the level of the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and the regulatory mechanisms include a reversible formation of a large variety of specific protein-protein complexes, supercomplexes or even larger assemblies known as megacomplexes. Revealing their structures is crucial for better understanding of their function and relevance in photosynthesis. Here we focus our attention on the isolation and a structural characterization of various large protein supercomplexes and megacomplexes, which involve Photosystem II and Photosystem I, the key constituents of photosynthetic apparatus. The photosystems are often attached to other protein complexes in thylakoid membranes such as light harvesting complexes, cytochrome b 6 f complex, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. Structural models of individual supercomplexes and megacomplexes provide essential details of their architecture, which allow us to discuss their function as well as physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Semchonok
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petr Ilík
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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46
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Weingarten AS, Dannenhoffer AJ, Kazantsev RV, Sai H, Huang D, Stupp SI. Chromophore Dipole Directs Morphology and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4965-4968. [PMID: 29624383 PMCID: PMC6072259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous self-assembly of chromophores into light-harvesting antennae provides a potentially low-cost approach to building solar-to-fuel conversion materials. However, designing such supramolecular architectures requires a better understanding of the balance between noncovalent forces among the molecular components. We investigated here the aqueous assembly of perylene monoimide chromophore amphiphiles synthesized with different substituents in the 9-position. The molecular dipole strength decreases as the nature of the substituent is altered from electron donating to electron withdrawing. Compounds with stronger molecular dipoles, in which dipolar interactions stabilize assemblies by 10-15 kJ·mol-1, were found to form crystalline nanoribbons in solution. In contrast, when the molecular dipole moment is small, nanofibers were obtained. Highly blue-shifted absorption maxima were observed in assemblies with large dipoles, indicating strong electronic coupling is present. However, only the moderate dipole compound had the appropriate molecular packing to access charge-transfer excitons leading to enhanced photocatalytic H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Weingarten
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Adam J. Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Roman V. Kazantsev
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Dongxu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 E. Huron St, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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47
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Bressan M, Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Loss of LHCI system affects LHCII re-distribution between thylakoid domains upon state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:251-261. [PMID: 28918549 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
LHCI, the peripheral antenna system of Photosystem I, includes four light-harvesting proteins (Lhca1-Lhca4) in higher plants, all of which are devoid in the Arabidopsis thaliana knock-out mutant ΔLhca. PSI absorption cross-section was reduced in the mutant, thus affecting the redox balance of the photosynthetic electron chain and resulting in a more reduced PQ with respect to the wild type. ΔLhca plants developed compensatory response by enhancing LHCII binding to PSI. However, the amplitude of state transitions, as measured from changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo, was unexpectedly low than the high level of PSI-LHCII supercomplex established. In order to elucidate the reasons for discrepancy, we further analyzed state transition in ΔLhca plants. The STN7 kinase was fully active in the mutant as judged from up-regulation of LHCII phosphorylation in state II. Instead, the lateral heterogeneity of thylakoids was affected by lack of LHCI, with LHCII being enriched in stroma membranes with respect to the wild type. Re-distribution of this complex affected the overall fluorescence yield of thylakoids already in state I and minimized changes in RT fluorescence yield when LHCII did connect to PSI reaction center. We conclude that interpretation of chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of state transitions becomes problematic when applied to mutants whose thylakoid architecture is significantly modified with respect to the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Bressan
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
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48
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Structure of the plant photosystem I. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:285-294. [PMID: 29487228 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most intricate membrane complexes in nature. It comprises two complexes, a reaction center and light-harvesting complex (LHC), which together form the PSI-LHC supercomplex. The crystal structure of plant PSI was solved with two distinct crystal forms. The first, crystallized at pH 6.5, exhibited P21 symmetry; the second, crystallized at pH 8.5, exhibited P212121 symmetry. The surfaces involved in binding plastocyanin and ferredoxin are identical in both forms. The crystal structure at 2.6 Å resolution revealed 16 subunits, 45 transmembrane helices, and 232 prosthetic groups, including 143 chlorophyll a, 13 chlorophyll b, 27 β-carotene, 7 lutein, 2 xanthophyll, 1 zeaxanthin, 20 monogalactosyl diglyceride, 7 phosphatidyl diglyceride, 5 digalactosyl diglyceride, 2 calcium ions, 2 phylloquinone, and 3 iron sulfur clusters. The model reveals detailed interactions, providing mechanisms for excitation energy transfer and its modulation in one of nature's most efficient photochemical machine.
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49
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Santabarbara S, Tibiletti T, Remelli W, Caffarri S. Kinetics and heterogeneity of energy transfer from light harvesting complex II to photosystem I in the supercomplex isolated from Arabidopsis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:9210-9222. [PMID: 28319223 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
State transitions are a phenomenon that maintains the excitation balance between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI-LHCI) by controlling their relative absorption cross-sections. Under light conditions exciting PSII preferentially, a trimeric LHCII antenna moves from PSII to PSI-LHCI to form the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. In this work, the excited state dynamics in the PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes isolated from Arabidopsis have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The excited state decays were analysed using two approaches based on either (i) a sum of discrete exponentials or (ii) a continuous distribution of lifetimes. The results indicate that the energy transfer from LHCII to the bulk of the PSI antenna occurs with an average macroscopic transfer rate in the 35-65 ns-1 interval. Yet, the most satisfactory description of the data is obtained when considering a heterogeneous population containing two PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes characterised by a transfer time of ∼15 and ∼60 ns-1, likely due to the differences in the strength and orientation of LHCII harboured to PSI. Both these values are of the same order of magnitude of those estimated for the average energy transfer rates from the low energy spectral forms of LHCI to the bulk of the PSI antenna (15-40 ns-1), but they are slower than the transfer from the bulk antenna of PSI to the reaction centre (>150 ns-1), implying a relatively small kinetics bottleneck for the energy transfer from LHCII. Nevertheless, the kinetic limitation imposed by excited state diffusion has a negligible impact on the photochemical quantum efficiency of the supercomplex, which remains about 98% in the case of PSI-LHCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro di Studio per la Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tania Tibiletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS UMR7265 BVME, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - William Remelli
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro di Studio per la Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS UMR7265 BVME, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France
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Malavath T, Caspy I, Netzer-El SY, Klaiman D, Nelson N. Structure and function of wild-type and subunit-depleted photosystem I in Synechocystis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:645-654. [PMID: 29414678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to use the sun's light as a sole source of energy sustains life on our planet. Photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) are large, multi-subunit, pigment-protein complexes that enable photosynthesis, but this intriguing process remains to be explained fully. Currently, crystal structures of these complexes are available for thermophilic prokaryotic cyanobacteria. The mega-Dalton trimeric PSI complex from thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus elongatus, was solved at 2.5 Å resolution with X-ray crystallography. That structure revealed the positions of 12 protein subunits (PsaA-F, PsaI-M, and PsaX) and 127 cofactors. Although mesophilic organisms perform most of the world's photosynthesis, no well-resolved trimeric structure of a mesophilic organism exists. Our research model for a mesophilic cyanobacterium was Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. This study aimed to obtain well-resolved crystal structures of [1] a monomeric PSI with all subunits, [2] a trimeric PSI with a reduced number of subunits, and [3] the full, trimeric wild-type PSI complex. We only partially succeeded with the first two structures, but we successfully produced the trimeric PSI structure at 2.5 Å resolution. This structure was comparable to that of the thermophilic species, but we provided more detail. The PSI trimeric supercomplex consisted of 33 protein subunits, 72 carotenoids, 285 chlorophyll a molecules, 51 lipids, 9 iron-sulfur clusters, 6 plastoquinones, 6 putative calcium ions, and over 870 water molecules. This study showed that the structure of the PSI in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 differed from previously described PSI structures. These findings have broadened our understanding of PSI structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirupathi Malavath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sigal Y Netzer-El
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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