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Zheng Y, Shao M, Zheng Y, Sun W, Qin S, Sun Z, Zhu L, Guan Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li L. PPARs in atherosclerosis: The spatial and temporal features from mechanism to druggable targets. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38555000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic and complex disease caused by lipid disorder, inflammation, and other factors. It is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, the chief cause of death globally. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are valuable anti-atherosclerosis targets that showcase multiple roles at different pathological stages of atherosclerosis and for cell types at different tissue sites. AIM OF REVIEW Considering the spatial and temporal characteristics of the pathological evolution of atherosclerosis, the roles and pharmacological and clinical studies of PPARs were summarized systematically and updated under different pathological stages and in different vascular cells of atherosclerosis. Moreover, selective PPAR modulators and PPAR-pan agonists can exert their synergistic effects meanwhile reducing the side effects, thereby providing novel insight into future drug development for precise spatial-temporal therapeutic strategy of anti-atherosclerosis targeting PPARs. KEY SCIENTIFIC Concepts of Review: Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of atherosclerosis, we have proposed the importance of stage- and cell type-dependent precision therapy. Initially, PPARs improve endothelial cells' dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and then regulate macrophages' lipid metabolism and polarization to improve fatty streak. Finally, PPARs reduce fibrous cap formation by suppressing the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, research on the cell type-specific mechanisms of PPARs can provide the foundation for space-time drug treatment. Moreover, pharmacological studies have demonstrated that several drugs or compounds can exert their effects by the activation of PPARs. Selective PPAR modulators (that specifically activate gene subsets of PPARs) can exert tissue and cell-specific effects. Furthermore, the dual- or pan-PPAR agonist could perform a better role in balancing efficacy and side effects. Therefore, research on cells/tissue-specific activation of PPARs and PPAR-pan agonists can provide the basis for precision therapy and drug development of PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Si Qin
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Zheng YY, Chen Y, Zhu HZ, Li CB, Song WJ, Ding SJ, Zhou GH. Production of cultured meat by culturing porcine smooth muscle cells in vitro with food grade peanut wire-drawing protein scaffold. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Qiu Z, He J, Chai T, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zheng H, Chen X, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen L. miR-145 attenuates phenotypic transformation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to prevent aortic dissection. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23773. [PMID: 34767671 PMCID: PMC8649326 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-145 is closely related to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype transformation; however, the regulatory mechanisms through which miR-145 regulates the VSMC phenotype transformation under mechanical stretching are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of miR-145 in VSMCs subjected to mechanical stretching in aortic dissection (AD). METHODS The expression of miR-145 in the aortic vessel wall of model animals and patients with AD was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miR-145-related protein-protein interaction networks and Wikipathways were used to analyze VSMC phenotypic transformation pathways regulated by miR-145. We used gain- and loss-of-function studies to evaluate the effects of miR-145 on VSMC differentiation under mechanical stretch induction and assessed whether Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was regulated by miR-145 in the aorta under mechanical stretch conditions. RESULTS miR-145 was abundantly expressed in the walls of the normal human aorta, but was significantly downregulated in animal models and the walls of patients with dissection. We found that contractile phenotype-related proteins were downregulated in VSMCs subjected to mechanical stretching, whereas the expression of secreted phenotype-related proteins increased. miR-145 overexpression also downregulated contractile phenotype-related proteins in VSMCs and suppressed upregulation of phenotype-related proteins. Finally, under mechanical stretching, KLF4 expression was significantly increased in VSMCs, and overexpression of miR-145 blocked this effect. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that mechanical stretch-induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs to promote AD via upregulation of KLF4; this mechanism was regulated by miR-145, which directly modulated KLF4 expression and VSMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Huang Qiu
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jian He
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Tian‐ci Chai
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yu‐ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐song Chen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yu‐mei Li
- Department of ToxicologyFujian Center for Evaluation of New DrugFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Liang‐wan Chen
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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Chakraborty R, Chatterjee P, Dave JM, Ostriker AC, Greif DM, Rzucidlo EM, Martin KA. Targeting smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in vascular disease. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:79-94. [PMID: 34617061 PMCID: PMC8489222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is central to vessel growth and remodeling, but also contributes to cardiovascular pathologies. New technologies including fate mapping, single cell transcriptomics, and genetic and pharmacologic inhibitors have provided fundamental new insights into the biology of VSMC. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic modulation and how these might be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Methods We summarize findings from extensive literature searches to highlight recent discoveries in the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic switching with particular relevance to intimal hyperplasia. PubMed was searched for publications between January 2001 and December 2020. Search terms included VSMCs, restenosis, intimal hyperplasia, phenotypic switching or modulation, and drug-eluting stents. We sought to highlight druggable pathways as well as recent landmark studies in phenotypic modulation. Results Lineage tracing methods have determined that a small number of mature VSMCs dedifferentiate to give rise to oligoclonal lesions in intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis and aneurysm, single cell transcriptomics reveal a striking diversity of phenotypes that can arise from these VSMCs. Mechanistic studies continue to identify new pathways that influence VSMC phenotypic plasticity. We review the mechanisms by which the current drug-eluting stent agents prevent restenosis and note remaining challenges in peripheral and diabetic revascularization for which new approaches would be beneficial. We summarize findings on new epigenetic (DNA methylation/TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2, histone deacetylation, bromodomain proteins), transcriptional (Hippo/Yes-associated protein, peroxisome proliferator-activity receptor-gamma, Notch), and β3-integrin-mediated mechanisms that influence VSMC phenotypic modulation. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of these pathways with agents including ascorbic acid, histone deacetylase or bromodomain inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and integrin inhibitors suggests potential therapeutic value in the setting of intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the remarkable plasticity of VSMCs may lead to novel approaches to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Eva M Rzucidlo
- Department Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
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Jing Y, Gao B, Han Z, Xia L, Xin S. The protective effect of HOXA5 on carotid atherosclerosis occurs by modulating the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111366. [PMID: 34126188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic form is a key player in atherogenic processes. Homeobox A5 (HOXA5), a transcription factor of the homeobox gene family, has been shown to regulate cell differentiation and morphogenesis. The present study was designed to clarify the involvement of HOXA5 in VSMC phenotypic transition in carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). Activated VSMCs in vitro and ApoE-/- mice in vivo were employed to determine HOXA5's function. Results showed that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA5 were decreased in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMCs. Overexpression of HOXA5 suppressed VSMC conversion from a contractile to a synthetic type in the presence of PDGF-BB, as evidenced by increased contractile markers (calponin, α-SMA and SM22α) along with decreased synthetic markers (vimentin, PCNA and thrombospondin). PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs were recovered by HOXA5. Knockdown of HOXA5 had the opposite effect on VSMCs. In vivo, a CAS model was established using ApoE-/- mice fed with a Western-type diet and placing a perivascular carotid collar. We observed a significant reduction in HOXA5 in the carotid arteries of CAS mice. Similar to the in vitro results, HOXA5 overexpression reduced neointimal hyperplasia and plaque formation and inhibited VSMC dedifferentiation and migration. Furthermore, PPARγ was also downregulated in vitro and in vivo, and its antagonist GW9662 reversed HOXA5-mediated inhibition of VSMC dedifferentiation and migration. In summary, we suggest that HOXA5 protects against CAS progression by inhibiting VSMC dedifferentiation through activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bai Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyang Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifang Xia
- Department of Residency Training, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Ji Z, Li J, Wang J. Jujuboside B Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia and Prevents Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation, Proliferation, and Migration via Activation of AMPK/PPAR-γ Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672150. [PMID: 34248626 PMCID: PMC8266264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is a critical step in the pathological process of restenosis caused by vascular intimal hyperplasia. Jujuboside B (JB) is one of the main biologically active ingredients extracted from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (SZJ), which has the properties of anti-platelet aggregation and reducing vascular tension. However, its effects on restenosis after vascular intervention caused by VSMCs proliferation and migration remain still unknown. Herein, we present novel data showing that JB treatment could significantly reduce the neointimal hyperplasia of balloon-damaged blood vessels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In cultured VSMCs, JB pretreatment significantly reduced cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). JB attenuated autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production stimulated by PDGF-BB. Besides, JB promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Notably, inhibition of AMPK and PPAR-γ partially reversed the ability of JB to resist the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Taken as a whole, our findings reveal for the first time the anti-restenosis properties of JB in vivo and in vitro after the endovascular intervention. JB antagonizes PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells partly through AMPK/PPAR-γ pathway. These results indicate that JB might be a promising clinical candidate drug against in-stent restenosis, which provides a reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiong Ji
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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7
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 augments the effects of endothelial progenitor cells-exosomes on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype transition. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:509-518. [PMID: 32852610 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is implicated in vascular diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a perspective cardiovascular target due to its ability of converting angiotensin (Ang II) to Ang (1-7). Our group recently showed that ACE2 can regulate the function of endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes (EPC-EXs). Here, we investigate whether ACE2 could affect the role of EPC-EXs on phenotype transition of VSMCs. After co-incubation with EXs released from EPC overexpressed ACE2 (EPC-EXsACE2), the ACE2 level and Ang II/Ang (1-7), proliferation/migration, phenotype gene, cytokine and NF-κB level on VSMCs were assessed. To determine the EX uptake route, VSMCs were pretreated with inhibitors. We found that (1) EPC-EXs and EPC-EXsACE2 were uptaken by VSMCs dominantly through caveolin-dependent endocytosis. (2) EPC-EXsACE2 remarkably increased the ACE2 level and decreased Ang II/Ang (1-7) in VSMCs activated by Ang II, whereas EPC-EXsACE2 pretreated by proteinase A blocked this effect. (3) EPC-EXsACE2 had better effects than EPC-EXs on reducing proliferation/migration activities and cytokine (MCP-1, TNF-α) secretion of Ang II-activated VSMCs. (4) EPC-EXs attenuated Ang II-induced VSMC synthetic phenotype change as evidenced by upregulated expressions of calponin and a-SMA and downregulated expressions of CRBP-1 and MYH10, associated with a decreased NF-κB level. EPC-EXsACE2 augmented these effects, which were attenuated by ACE2 inhibitor (DX600). In conclusion, EPC-EXsACE2 reduced Ang II-induced VSMC phenotype change by conveying functional ACE2 to downregulate the activated NF-κB pathway.
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Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckolon Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Phenotype Switching in Hyperlipidemia through Modulation of Chemokine Receptor 5. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080393. [PMID: 32727125 PMCID: PMC7460451 DOI: 10.3390/md18080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic. This process is involved in arterial remodeling via the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5)/chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) pathway. Arterial remodeling is related to atherosclerosis or intimal hyperplasia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) from E. cava reduces VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching via the CCL5/CCR5 pathway. The CCL5/CCR5 expression, VSMC proliferation and phenotypic alterations were evaluated using a cell model of VSMC exposed in hyperlipidemia, and an animal model of mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD). The expression of CCL5/CCR5 increased in both the cell and animal models of hyperlipidemia. Treatment with PPB decreased CCL5/CCR5 expression in both models. The expression of contractile markers of VSMCs, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and smooth muscle protein 22 alpha (SM22α), were decreased by hyperlipidemia and restored after treatment with PPB. The silencing of CCR5 attenuated the effects of PPB treatment. VSMC proliferation and the intima-media thickness of the aortas, increased with HFD and decreased after treatment with PPB. The VSMC proliferation ratio and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of cell cycle regulatory factors increased in the in vitro model and were restored after treatment with PPB. PPB treatment reduced VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching induced by hyperlipidemia through inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway.
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) shift from a physiological contractile phenotype to an adverse proliferative or synthetic state, which is a major event leading to aortic disease. VSMCs are exposed to multiple mechanical signals from their microenvironment including vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and stretch which regulate VSMC contraction. How ECM stiffness regulates the function and phenotype of VSMCs is not well understood. In this study, we introduce in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate the impact of ECM stiffnesses on VSMC function. Through unbiased transcriptome sequencing analysis, we detected upregulation of synthetic phenotype-related genes including osteopontin, matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory cytokines in VSMCs cultured using soft matrix hydrogels in vitro, suggesting VSMC dedifferentiation toward a synthetic phenotype upon ECM softening. For the in vivo model, the lysyl oxidase inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) was administrated to disrupt the cross-linking of collagen to induce ECM softening. Consistently, decreased ECM stiffnesses promoted VSMC phenotypic switching to a synthetic phenotype as evidenced by upregulation of synthetic phenotype-related genes in the aortas of mice following BAPN treatment. Finally, BAPN-treated mice showed severe expansion and developed aortic dissection. Our study reveals the pivotal role of ECM softening in regulating the VSMC phenotype switch and provides a potential target for treating VSMC dysfunction and aortic dissection disease.
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Liu Z, Xu L, Xu X, Niu Y, Saadeldeen F, Kang W. Effects and mechanisms of iridoid glycosides from Patrinia scabiosaefolia on improving insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Takai H, van Wijnen AJ, Ogata Y. Induction of chondrogenic or mesenchymal stem cells from human periodontal ligament cells through inhibition of Twist2 or Klf12. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:313-320. [PMID: 31217381 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis leads to destruction of periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. Regeneration of periodontal tissue is dependent on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) present in the periodontal ligament, and transcription factors determine the direction of MSC differentiation. The present study was conducted to investigate the transcription factors that are crucial for maintaining the characteristics of the periodontal ligament. The mRNA levels of several transcription factors were measured in cultured human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells, human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblast-like Saos2 cells. HPDL cells were transfected for 72 h with siTwist2, siKlf12, or siMix (siTwist2, siPax9, and siKlf12). The cells were then harvested and subjected to real-time PCR and Western blotting. siTwist2 suppressed the levels of Twist2, Sox2 and Col1a1 mRNAs, and increased those of Sox5 and aggrecan mRNAs. siKlf12 decreased the mRNA levels of Klf12, Runx3, Zfp521, and Stab2, and increased those of Sox2, Klf4, and the MSC markers CD90 and CD105. These results suggest that transfection with siMix and siTwist2 induced chondrogenesis, and that siKlf12 induced the differentiation of MSC in HPDL cells. Thus, inhibition of Twist2 or Klf12 induced the differentiation of chondrogenic or mesenchymal stem cells in this setting, suggesting that the characteristics of HPDL cells may be altered by inhibition of specific transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | | | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Zhang Z, Zhao G, Liu L, He J, Darwazeh R, Liu H, Chen H, Zhou C, Guo Z, Sun X. Bexarotene Exerts Protective Effects Through Modulation of the Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transformation by Regulating PPARγ/FLAP/LTB 4 After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1161-1172. [PMID: 31010302 PMCID: PMC6767892 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719842161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The changes in VSMCs following bexarotene treatment after SAH are unknown. In the present study, neurological impairment, decreased cerebral cortical blood flow and transformation of cerebral VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype were observed after SAH. Bexarotene reduced neurological impairment, improved cerebral cortical blood flow, inhibited VSMC phenotypic transformation and suppressed the expression of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which was partly reversed by GW9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Mechanistically, sh-PPARγ-mediated phenotypic transformation of VSMCs was partially suppressed by MK886, an antagonist of FLAP. Therefore, we conclude that bexarotene reduced neurological impairment, improved cerebral cortical blood flow and inhibited the VSMC phenotypic transformation after SAH, which was achieved by activating PPARγ-mediated inhibition of FLAP/LTB4 in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junchi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rami Darwazeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li FJ, Zhang CL, Luo XJ, Peng J, Yang TL. Involvement of the MiR-181b-5p/HMGB1 Pathway in Ang II-induced Phenotypic Transformation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Hypertension. Aging Dis 2019; 10:231-248. [PMID: 31011475 PMCID: PMC6457049 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertension. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) has been reported to be involved in several pathogenic processes including VSMC proliferation and migration. The present study was designed to determine the role of HMGB1 in VSMC phenotypic transformation in hypertension. First, we demonstrated that HMGB1 was elevated in a model of Ang II-induced VSMC phenotypic transformation, which showed down-regulation of contractile proteins and up-regulation of synthetic proteins. Knockdown of HMGB1 and losartan could block the phenotypic transformation. Next, we identified three potential miRNAs for upstream regulation of HMGB1 by bioinformatic analysis; only miR-181b-5p was significantly down-regulated in Ang II-treated cells. Co-treating the cells with miR-181b-5p mimics suppressed HMGB1 expression as well as the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the direct interaction between miR-181b-5p and HMGB1. Finally, to extend these cell-based studies to clinical patients, we demonstrated that plasma miR-181b-5p levels were decreased, while Ang II and HMGB1 levels, as well as the intima-media thickness (IMT) were increased in hypertensive patients; these effects were reversed following the administration of angiotensin receptor blockers. Based on these observations, we conclude that the down-regulation of miR-181b-5p leads to the elevation of HMGB1 levels in hypertensive patients, which accounts, at least partially, for VSMCs phenotypic transformation and vascular remodeling. Our findings also highlight that the plasma levels of miR-181b-5p and HMGB1 may serve as novel biomarkers for vascular remodeling in the hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Juan Li
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhang
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- 3Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,4Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tian-Lun Yang
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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14
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Yu Q, Li W, Xie D, Zheng X, Huang T, Xue P, Guo B, Gao Y, Zhang C, Sun P, Li M, Wang G, Cheng X, Zheng Q, Song Z. PI3Kγ promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and transplant arteriosclerosis via a SOX9-dependent mechanism. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:39-53. [PMID: 30241919 PMCID: PMC6197754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) remains the major cause of chronic graft failure in solid organ transplantation. The phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event for the initiation and progression of neointimal formation and TA. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of phosphoinositide 3-kinases γ (PI3Kγ) in VSMC phenotypic modulation and TA. Methods The rat model of aortic transplantation was established to detect PI3Kγ expression and its role in neointimal formation and vascular remodeling in vivo. PI3Kγ shRNA transfection was employed to knockdown PI3Kγ gene. Aortic VSMCs was cultured and treated with TNF-α to explore the role and molecular mechanism of PI3Kγ in VSMC phenotypic modulation. Findings Activated PI3Kγ/p-Akt signaling was observed in aortic allografts and in TNF-α-treated VSMCs. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA transfection effectively inhibited PI3Kγ expression in medial VSMCs while restoring the expression of VSMC contractile genes, associated with impaired neointimal formation in aortic allografts. In cultured VSMCs, PI3Kγ blockade with pharmacological inhibitor or genetic knockdown markedly abrogated TNF-α-induced downregulation of VSMC contractile genes and increase in cellular proliferation and migration. Moreover, SOX9 located in nucleus competitively inhibited the interaction of Myocardin and SRF, while PI3Kγ inhibition robustly reduced SOX9 expression and its nuclear translocation and repaired the Myocardin/SRF association. Interpretation These results suggest that PI3Kγ plays a critical role in VSMC phenotypic modulation via a SOX9-dependent mechanism. Therefore, PI3Kγ in VSMCs may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TA. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Departments of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Hepatology and Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Nunes DO, Marques VB, Almenara CCP, Marcarini WD, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Padilha AS. Linoleic acid reduces vascular reactivity and improves the vascular dysfunction of the small mesentery in hypertension. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:18-27. [PMID: 30218979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of linoleic acid (LA) treatment on the blood pressure and function of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR were treated daily with LA (15 mg/kg) or vehicle (control) for 15 days. Compared with controls, LA treatment decreased blood pressure and showed the following in MRA: (1) increased lumen and external diameter, (2) decreased wall:lumen ratio and wall thickness, (3) decreased stiffness and (4) less collagen deposition. LA treatment reduced the contractile response to phenylephrine, although there were no changes observed in MRA in regard to the acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside responses. Incubation with L-NAME left-shifted the reactivity to phenylephrine only in the MRA treated group, suggesting that LA treatment can improve NO bioavailability. This result was accompanied by an increase "in situ" NO production. Incubation with tiron decreased vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in MRA in LA rats, which was accompanied by decreased superoxide anion production. Moreover, incubation with indomethacin (non-selective COX inhibitor, 10 μM), NS 398 (COX-2 specific inhibitor, 1 μM), furegrelate (TXA2 synthase inhibitor, 1 μM), SQ 29.548 (TP receptor antagonist, 1 μM) and SC 19220 (EP1 receptor antagonist, 10 μM) reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine in MRA in the treated group. These results were accompanied by a reduction in COX-2 protein expression. In conclusion, these findings show that LA treatment decreases blood pressure. In addition, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and structural changes in this hypertension model may be responsible for the reduction in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieli Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wena Dantas Marcarini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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16
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Interplay between the renin-angiotensin system, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:62. [PMID: 29884931 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterogeneous causes can determinate hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a major role in the pathophysiology of blood pressure. Angiotensin II and aldosterone are overexpressed during hypertension and lead to hypertension development and its cardiovascular complications. In several tissues, the overactivation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to inactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while PPARγ stimulation induces a decrease of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In hypertension, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPARγ is decreased. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS regulate positively each other during hypertension, whereas PPARγ agonists can decrease the expression of both the WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS. We focus this review on the hypothesis of an opposite interplay between PPARγ and both the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS in regulating the molecular mechanism underlying hypertension. The interactions between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway through the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension may be an interesting way to better understand the actions and the effects of PPARγ agonists as antihypertensive drugs.
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17
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Liu L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Bi X, Nie L, Liu C, Xiong J, He T, Xu X, Yu Y, Yang K, Gu J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhao J. High phosphate-induced downregulation of PPARγ contributes to CKD-associated vascular calcification. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 114:264-275. [PMID: 29197521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Medial arterial calcification associated with hyperphosphatemia is a main cause of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mechanisms underlying high phosphate-induced vascular calcification remain largely unknown. Here, we observed a significant decrease in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) in calcified arteries both in CKD patients and in a mouse model of CKD with hyperphosphatemia. In vitro, high phosphate treatment led to a decreased expression of PPARγ in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs), accompanied by apparent osteogenic differentiation and calcification. Pretreatment with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone significantly reversed high phosphate-induced VSMCs calcification. Further investigation showed that methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2)-mediated epigenetic repression was involved in high phosphate-induced PPARγ downregulation. Moreover, the expression of Klotho that has the ability to inhibit vascular calcification by regulating phosphate uptake decreased with the PPARγ reduction in VSMCs after high phosphate treatment, and rosiglitazone failed to inhibit high phosphate-induced calcification in VSMCs with knockdown of Klotho or in aortic rings from Klotho-deficient (kl/kl) mice. Finally, an in vivo study demonstrated that oral administration of rosiglitazone could increase Klotho expression and protect against high phosphate-induced vascular calcification in CKD mice. These findings suggest that the inhibition of PPARγ expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of high phosphate-induced vascular calcification, which may provide a new therapeutic target for vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xinlin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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18
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Sun HJ, Ren XS, Xiong XQ, Chen YZ, Zhao MX, Wang JJ, Zhou YB, Han Y, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in hypertension. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3074. [PMID: 28981106 PMCID: PMC5680591 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a powerful mediator of inflammatory response via caspase-1 activation. The present study was designed to determine the roles and mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in phenotypic modulation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in hypertension. Experiments were conducted in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and primary aortic VSMCs. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was observed in the media of aorta in SHR and in the VSMCs from SHR. Knockdown of NLRP3 inhibited inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in SHR-derived VSMCs. Increased NFκB activation, histone acetylation and histone acetyltransferase expression were observed in SHR-derived VSMCs and in media of aorta in SHR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the increased histone acetylation, p65-NFκB and Pol II occupancy at the NLRP3 promoter in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of NFκB with BAY11-7082 or inhibition of histone acetyltransferase with curcumin prevented the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotype switching and proliferation in VSMCs from SHR. Moreover, curcumin repressed NFκB activation. Silencing of NLRP3 gene ameliorated hypertension, vascular remodeling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotype switching in the aorta of SHR. These results indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation response to histone acetylation and NFκB activation contributes to VSMC phenotype switching and proliferation and vascular remodeling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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19
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Zuo L, Chuang CC, Clark AD, Garrison DE, Kuhlman JL, Sypert DC. Reactive Oxygen Species in COPD-Related Vascular Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:399-411. [PMID: 29047102 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifaceted process involving the alteration of pulmonary vasculature. Such vascular remodeling can be associated with inflammation, shear stress, and hypoxia-conditions commonly seen in patients with lung diseases. Particularly, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the diseased lungs contributes greatly to pulmonary vascular remodeling. ROS play an important role in vascular homeostasis, yet excessive ROS can alter pulmonary vasculature and impair lung function, as implicated in COPD at all stages. Increased inflammatory cell infiltration and endothelial dysfunction both correspond to the severity of COPD. As a byproduct of vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension negatively affects the long-term survival rate of COPD patients. While there is currently no cure for COPD, several treatment options have focused on alleviating COPD symptoms. Interventions such as long-term oxygen therapy, endothelium-targeted treatment, and pharmacological therapies show promising results in improving the life span of COPD patients and attenuating the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the contributing factors of pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD with an emphasis on the ROS, as well as potential redox treatments for COPD-related vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander D Clark
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Davis E Garrison
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jamie L Kuhlman
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David C Sypert
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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20
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Zhang MJ, Liu Y, Hu ZC, Zhou Y, Pi Y, Guo L, Wang X, Chen X, Li JC, Zhang LL. TRPV1 attenuates intracranial arteriole remodeling through inhibiting VSMC phenotypic modulation in hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:511-521. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Chung YL, Pan CH, Wang CCN, Hsu KC, Sheu MJ, Chen HF, Wu CH. Methyl Protodioscin, a Steroidal Saponin, Inhibits Neointima Formation in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1635-1644. [PMID: 27227546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis (or neointimal hyperplasia) remains a clinical limitation of percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are known to be involved in the development of restenosis. The present study aimed to investigate the ability and molecular mechanisms of methyl protodioscin (1), a steroidal saponin isolated from the root of Dioscorea nipponica, to inhibit neointimal formation. Our study demonstrated that 1 markedly inhibited the growth and migration of VSMCs (A7r5 cells). A cytometric analysis suggested that 1 induced growth inhibition by arresting VSMCs at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A rat carotid artery balloon injury model indicated that neointima formation of the balloon-injured vessel was markedly reduced after extravascular administration of 1. Compound 1 decreased the expression levels of ADAM15 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 15) and its downstream signaling pathways in the VSMCs. Moreover, the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were also suppressed by 1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms appear to be mediated, in part, through the downregulation of ADAM15, FAK, ERK, and PI3K/Akt.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Carotid Artery Injuries
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Dioscorea/chemistry
- Diosgenin/analogs & derivatives
- Diosgenin/chemistry
- Diosgenin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hyperplasia/drug therapy
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Models, Theoretical
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Saponins/chemistry
- Saponins/isolation & purification
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lung Chung
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-N Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University , Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Cancer Biology and Drug Dsicovery, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jyh Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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22
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Ketsawatsomkron P, Keen HL, Davis DR, Lu KT, Stump M, De Silva TM, Hilzendeger AM, Grobe JL, Faraci FM, Sigmund CD. Protective Role for Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Target Gene, in Smooth Muscle in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 67:214-22. [PMID: 26597823 PMCID: PMC4679422 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) function causes hypertension, whereas its activation lowers blood pressure. Evidence suggests that these effects may be attributable to PPARγ activity in the vasculature. However, the specific transcriptional targets of PPARγ in vessels remain largely unidentified. In this study, we examined the role of smooth muscle PPARγ during salt-sensitive hypertension and investigated its transcriptional targets and functional effect. Transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative PPARγ (S-P467L) in smooth muscle cells were more prone to deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and mesenteric arterial dysfunction compared with nontransgenic controls. Despite similar morphometry at baseline, vascular remodeling in conduit and small arteries was enhanced in S-P467L after deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment. Gene expression profiling in aorta and mesenteric arteries revealed significantly decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) in S-P467L. Expression of TIMP-4 was increased by deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment, but this increase was ablated in S-P467L. Interference with PPARγ activity either by treatment with a PPARγ inhibitor, GW9662, or by expressing P467L PPARγ markedly suppressed TIMP-4 in primary smooth muscle cells. PPARγ binds to a PPAR response element (PPRE) in chromatin close to the TIMP-4 gene in smooth muscle cells, suggesting that TIMP-4 is a novel target of PPARγ. The interference with PPARγ and decrease in TIMP-4 were accompanied by an increase in total matrix metalloproteinase activity. PPARγ-mediated loss of TIMP-4 increased, whereas overexpression of TIMP-4 decreased smooth muscle cell migration in a scratch assay. Our findings highlight a protective mechanism induced by PPARγ in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment, establishing a novel mechanistic link between PPARγ and TIMP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Henry L Keen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Deborah R Davis
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Madeliene Stump
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - T Michael De Silva
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Aline M Hilzendeger
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Frank M Faraci
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IA.
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An overview of potential molecular mechanisms involved in VSMC phenotypic modulation. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:119-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Pokutta-Paskaleva AP, Gleason RL, Lyle AN, Taylor WR, Blount MA, Cheng J, Yang Q, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Smooth Muscle-Targeted Overexpression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ Disrupts Vascular Wall Structure and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139756. [PMID: 26451838 PMCID: PMC4599849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor, PPARγ, with pharmacological agonists promotes a contractile vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and reduces oxidative stress and cell proliferation, particularly under pathological conditions including vascular injury, restenosis, and atherosclerosis. However, pharmacological agonists activate both PPARγ-dependent and -independent mechanisms in multiple cell types confounding efforts to clarify the precise role of PPARγ in smooth muscle cell structure and function in vivo. We, therefore, designed and characterized a mouse model with smooth muscle cell-targeted PPARγ overexpression (smPPARγOE). Our results demonstrate that smPPARγOE attenuated contractile responses in aortic rings, increased aortic compliance, caused aortic dilatation, and reduced mean arterial pressure. Molecular characterization revealed that compared to littermate control mice, aortas from smPPARγOE mice expressed lower levels of contractile proteins and increased levels of adipocyte-specific transcripts. Morphological analysis demonstrated increased lipid deposition in the vascular media and in smooth muscle of extravascular tissues. In vitro adenoviral-mediated PPARγ overexpression in human aortic smooth muscle cells similarly increased adipocyte markers and lipid uptake. The findings demonstrate that smooth muscle PPARγ overexpression disrupts vascular wall structure and function, emphasizing that balanced PPARγ activity is essential for vascular smooth muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Kleinhenz
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tamara C. Murphy
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - W. Robert Taylor
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Juan Cheng
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Qinglin Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Peng X, Chen R, Wu Y, Huang B, Tang C, Chen J, Wang Q, Wu Q, Yang J, Qiu H, Jiang Q. PPARγ-PI3K/AKT-NO signal pathway is involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:755-60. [PMID: 26045205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the PPARγ-PI3K/AKT-NO signaling pathway in cardiac hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin. METHODS Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose (25.5 mmol/L) and insulin (0.1 μmol/L) (HGI) was characterized in rat primary cardiomyocytes by measuring the cell surface area, protein content, and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression level. Protein and mRNA expressions were measured by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR, respectively. A spectrophotometric assay was used to measure the enzymatic concentration of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and the Griess assay measured the NO concentration. RESULTS HGI induced significant cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and decreased the expression of PPARγ, AKT and eNOS at the mRNA and protein levels, which occurred in parallel with declining eNOS activity and NO concentration (P<0.05). The effects of HGI were inhibited by rosiglitazone (0.1 μmol/L), a selective PPARγ agonist (P<0.05). However, GW9662, a selective PPARγ antagonist, abolished the effects of rosiglitazone (P<0.05). LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, an NOS inhibitor, partially blocked the effects of rosiglitazone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PPARγ-PI3K/AKT-NO signal transduction pathway might be involved in HGI-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cuiping Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang P, Wang Q, Yin Y, Yang Z, Li W, Liang D, Zhou P. Association between Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Gene Polymorphisms and Atherosclerotic Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:912-25. [PMID: 25832497 DOI: 10.5551/jat.26138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between PPARγ rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphisms and atherosclerotic diseases. METHODS The meta-analysis was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from the first available year to September 10, 2013. Additionally, reference lists from the identified articles, reviews and abstracts presented at the meetings of related scientific societies were also checked. All case-control studies investigating the association between PPARγ rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphisms and the risk of atherosclerotic disease were included. The association was assessed according to the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was analyzed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS A total of 29 studies reporting PPARγ rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphism were included in the final meta-analysis. Neither the rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) nor rs3856806 (C161T) polymorphisms showed any significant associations with susceptibility to atherosclerotic diseases. In the meta-analysis performed to assess the association between the rs3856806 gene polymorphism and atherosclerotic disease based on ethnicity and the type of disease, significant associations were found in the Caucasian subgroup, Asian, CAD and MI subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that there is no statistical evidence of a significant association between the PPARγ gene rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphism and the risk of atherosclerotic disease. In contrast, the rs3856806 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk in the Caucasian and MI subgroups, whereas decreased risks were noted in the Asian and CAD subgroups. Due to significant between-study heterogeneity, further studies with a larger sample size involving homogeneous AS patients and well-matched controls are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College
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The role of TRPV1 in improving VSMC function and attenuating hypertension. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 117:212-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Meininger GA, Martinez-Lemus LA. The role of reactive oxygen species in microvascular remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23792-835. [PMID: 25535075 PMCID: PMC4284792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation is a portion of the vascular circulatory system that consists of resistance arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. It is the place where gases and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissues. In addition the microcirculation is the major contributor to blood flow resistance and consequently to regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, structural remodeling of this section of the vascular tree has profound implications on cardiovascular pathophysiology. This review is focused on the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play on changing the structural characteristics of vessels within the microcirculation. Particular attention is given to the resistance arteries and the functional pathways that are affected by ROS in these vessels and subsequently induce vascular remodeling. The primary sources of ROS in the microcirculation are identified and the effects of ROS on other microcirculatory remodeling phenomena such as rarefaction and collateralization are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Staiculescu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Christopher Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Frismantiene A, Pfaff D, Frachet A, Coen M, Joshi MB, Maslova K, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Erne P, Resink TJ, Philippova M. Regulation of contractile signaling and matrix remodeling by T-cadherin in vascular smooth muscle cells: Constitutive and insulin-dependent effects. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1897-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Carrillo-Sepulveda MA, Keen HL, Davis DR, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD. Role of vascular smooth muscle PPARγ in regulating AT1 receptor signaling and angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103786. [PMID: 25122005 PMCID: PMC4133177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been reported to play a protective role in the vasculature; however, the underlying mechanisms involved are not entirely known. We previously showed that vascular smooth muscle-specific overexpression of a dominant negative human PPARγ mutation in mice (S-P467L) leads to enhanced myogenic tone and increased angiotensin-II-dependent vasoconstriction. S-P467L mice also exhibit increased arterial blood pressure. Here we tested the hypotheses that a) mesenteric smooth muscle cells isolated from S-P467L mice exhibit enhanced angiotensin-II AT1 receptor signaling, and b) the increased arterial pressure of S-P467L mice is angiotensin-II AT1 receptor dependent. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was robustly increased in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cell cultures from S-P467L in response to angiotensin-II. The increase in ERK1/2 activation by angiotensin-II was blocked by losartan, a blocker of AT1 receptors. Angiotensin-II-induced ERK1/2 activation was also blocked by Tempol, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and correlated with increased Nox4 protein expression. To investigate whether endogenous renin-angiotensin system activity contributes to the elevated arterial pressure in S-P467L, non-transgenic and S-P467L mice were treated with the AT1 receptor blocker, losartan (30 mg/kg per day), for 14-days and arterial pressure was assessed by radiotelemetry. At baseline S-P467L mice showed a significant increase of systolic arterial pressure (142.0±10.2 vs 129.1±3.0 mmHg, p<0.05). Treatment with losartan lowered systolic arterial pressure in S-P467L (132.2±6.9 mmHg) to a level similar to untreated non-transgenic mice. Losartan also lowered arterial pressure in non-transgenic (113.0±3.9 mmHg) mice, such that there was no difference in the losartan-induced depressor response between groups (−13.53±1.39 in S-P467L vs −16.16±3.14 mmHg in non-transgenic). Our results suggest that interference with PPARγ in smooth muscle: a) causes enhanced angiotensin-II AT1 receptor-mediated ERK1/2 activation in resistance vessels, b) and may elevate arterial pressure through both angiotensin-II AT1 receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Henry L. Keen
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deborah R. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Pérez-Girón JV, Palacios R, Martín A, Hernanz R, Aguado A, Martínez-Revelles S, Barrús MT, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Pioglitazone reduces angiotensin II-induced COX-2 expression through inhibition of ROS production and ET-1 transcription in vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1582-93. [PMID: 24727493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00924.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glitazones have anti-inflammatory properties by interfering with the transcription of proinflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and with ROS production, which are increased in hypertension. This study analyzed whether pioglitazone modulates COX-2 expression in hypertension by interfering with ROS and endothelin (ET)-1. In vivo, pioglitazone (2.5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), 28 days) reduced the greater levels of COX-2, pre-pro-ET-1, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and activity as well as O2 (·-) production found in aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). ANG II increased COX-2 and pre-pro-ET-1 levels more in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats. The ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 expression in SHR cells. ANG II also increased NOX-1 expression, NOX activity, and superoxide production in SHR cells; the selective NOX-1 inhibitor ML-171 and catalase reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 and ET-1 transcription. ANG II also increased c-Jun transcription and phospho-JNK1/2, phospho-c-Jun, and p65 NF-κB subunit nuclear protein expression. SP-600125 and lactacystin, JNK and NF-κB inhibitors, respectively, reduced ANG II-induced ET-1, COX-2, and NOX-1 levels and NOX activity. Pioglitazone reduced the effects of ANG II on NOX activity, NOX-1, pre-pro-ET-1, COX-2, and c-Jun mRNA levels, JNK activation, and nuclear phospho-c-Jun and p65 expression. In conclusion, ROS production and ET-1 are involved in ANG II-induced COX-2 expression in SHRs, explaining the greater COX-2 expression observed in this strain. Furthermore, pioglitazone inhibits ANG II-induced COX-2 expression likely by interfering with NF-κB and activator protein-1 proinflammatory pathways and downregulating ROS production and ET-1 transcription, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory properties of glitazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Pérez-Girón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Roberto Palacios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Angela Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Andrea Aguado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Revelles
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Barrús
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; and
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Rodrigues SML, Ximenes CF, de Batista PR, Simões FV, Coser PHP, Sena GC, Podratz PL, de Souza LN, Vassallo DV, Graceli JB, Stefanon I. Tributyltin contributes in reducing the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in isolated aortic rings from female rats. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:378-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kudryavtseva O, Aalkjaer C, Matchkov VV. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype is defined by Ca2+-dependent transcription factors. FEBS J 2013; 280:5488-99. [PMID: 23848563 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is an important second messenger in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, VSMCs exercise tight control of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by expressing a wide repertoire of Ca(2+) channels and transporters. The presence of several pathways for Ca(2+) influx and efflux provides many possibilities for controlling [Ca(2+)]i in a spatial and temporal manner. Intracellular Ca(2+) has a dual role in VSMCs; first, it is necessary for VSMC contraction; and, second, it can activate multiple transcription factors. These factors are cAMP response element-binding protein, nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes, and serum response factor. Furthermore, it was recently reported that the C-terminus of voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) calcium channels can regulate transcription in VSMCs. Transcription regulation in VSMCs modulates the expression patterns of genes, including genes coding for contractile and cytoskeleton proteins, and those promoting proliferation and cell growth. Depending on their gene expression, VSMCs can exist in different functional states or phenotypes. The majority of healthy VSMCs show a contractile phenotype, characterized by high contractile ability and a low proliferative rate. However, VSMCs can undergo phenotypic modulation with different physiological and pathological stimuli, whereby they start to proliferate, migrate, and synthesize excessive extracellular matrix. These events are associated with injury repair and angiogenesis, but also with the development of cardiovascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. This review discusses the currently known Ca(2+)-dependent transcription factors in VSMCs, their regulation by Ca(2+) signalling, and their role in the VSMC phenotype.
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Abstract
PI3Ks are signaling enzymes engaged by different types of membrane receptors and activated in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and heart failure. Studies performed on genetically modified animals have provided proof-of-concept that general or isoform-specific blockade of these enzymes can modify disease development and progression. Hence, therapeutic inhibition of PI3Ks with novel pharmacological compounds constitutes a promising area of drug development. In particular, inhibitors of PI3Ks have the potential to reduce blood pressure, restrain the development of atherosclerosis and/or stabilize atherosclerotic plaques, blunt platelet aggregation, prevent left ventricular remodeling and preserve myocardial contractility in heart failure. This review summarizes the rationale of PI3K inhibition in the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases, and the available data on the therapeutic effects of PI3K inhibitors in their preclinical models. Implications for future drug development and human therapy are also discussed.
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Auclair M, Vigouroux C, Boccara F, Capel E, Vigeral C, Guerci B, Lascols O, Capeau J, Caron-Debarle M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ mutations responsible for lipodystrophy with severe hypertension activate the cellular renin-angiotensin system. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:829-38. [PMID: 23393388 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mutations lead to a syndrome of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD3) associated with early-onset severe hypertension. PPARγ can repress the vascular renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II receptor 1 expression. We evaluated the relationships between PPARγ inactivation and cellular RAS using FPLD3 patients' cells and human vascular smooth muscle cells expressing mutant or wild-type PPARγ. Approach and Results- We identified 2 novel PPARG mutations, R165T and L339X, located in the DNA and ligand-binding domains of PPARγ, respectively in 4 patients from 2 FPLD3 families. In cultured skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the 4 patients and healthy controls, we compared markers of RAS activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and tested the effect of modulators of PPARγ and angiotensin II receptor 1. We studied the impact of the 2 mutations on the transcriptional activity of PPARγ and on the vascular RAS in transfected human vascular smooth muscle cells. Systemic RAS was not altered in patients. However, RAS markers were overexpressed in patients' fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as in vascular cells expressing mutant PPARγ. Angiotensin II-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity increased in patients' fibroblasts, consistent with RAS constitutive activation. Patients' cells also displayed oxidative stress and inflammation. PPARγ activation and angiotensin II receptor 1 mRNA silencing reversed RAS overactivation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, arguing for a role of angiotensin II receptor 1 in these processes. CONCLUSIONS Two novel FPLD3-linked PPARG mutations are associated with a defective transrepression of cellular RAS leading to cellular dysfunction, which might contribute to the specific FPLD3-linked severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Auclair
- INSERM UMRS938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
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36
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Reversible inhibition of vasoconstriction by thiazolidinediones related to PI3K/Akt inhibition in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guan H, Chen C, Zhu L, Cui C, Guo Y, Fu M, Wang L, Tang Q. Indole-3-carbinol blocks platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell function and reduces neointima formation in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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38
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Hernanz R, Martín Á, Pérez-Girón JV, Palacios R, Briones AM, Miguel M, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Pioglitazone treatment increases COX-2-derived prostacyclin production and reduces oxidative stress in hypertensive rats: role in vascular function. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1303-19. [PMID: 22220498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PPARγ agonists, glitazones, have cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory actions associated with gene transcription interference. In this study, we determined whether chronic treatment of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with pioglitazone alters BP and vascular structure and function, and the possible mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mesenteric resistance arteries from untreated or pioglitazone-treated (2.5 mg·kg⁻¹ ·day⁻¹ , 28 days) SHR and normotensive [Wistar Kyoto (WKY)] rats were used. Vascular structure was studied by pressure myography, vascular function by wire myography, protein expression by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, mRNA levels by RT-PCR, prostanoid levels by commercial kits and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by dihydroethidium-emitted fluorescence. KEY RESULTS In SHR, pioglitazone did not modify either BP or vascular structural and mechanical alterations or phenylephrine-induced contraction, but it increased vascular COX-2 levels, prostacyclin (PGI₂) production and the inhibitory effects of NS 398, SQ 29,548 and tranylcypromine on phenylephrine responses. The contractile phase of the iloprost response, which was reduced by SQ 29,548, was greater in pioglitazone-treated and pioglitazone-untreated SHR than WKY. In addition, pioglitazone abolished the increased vascular ROS production, NOX-1 levels and the inhibitory effect of apocynin and allopurinol on phenylephrine contraction, whereas it did not modify eNOS expression but restored the potentiating effect of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on phenylephrine responses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although pioglitazone did not reduce BP in SHR, it increased COX-2-derived PGI₂ production, reduced oxidative stress, and increased NO bioavailability, which are all involved in vasoconstrictor responses in resistance arteries. These effects would contribute to the cardioprotective effect of glitazones reported in several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hernanz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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Ulrich-Lai YM, Ryan KK. PPARγ and stress: implications for aging. Exp Gerontol 2012; 48:671-6. [PMID: 22960592 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex interactions link psychological stress and aging - stress generally promotes aging processes, and conversely, aging can contribute to stress dysregulation. Stress and aging have remarkably similar effects on brain. Both induce neuroinflammation and alter neuronal metabolism and activity, which to varying extents are causally-linked to the development of stress and aging pathology. As such, induction of one or more of these brain disturbances by either stress or aging could predispose for the development of dysfunction in the other. Notably, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed in brain regions that regulate both stress and aging (e.g., hippocampus) and can act to prevent the consequences of aging and stress on the brain. In addition, PPARγ agonists reduce the physiological stress response itself. Thus, PPARγ may represent a critical mechanistic link between brain aging and stress that could hold therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of age-related cognitive and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45140, USA.
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High density lipoprotein cholesterol promotes the proliferation of bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells via binding scavenger receptor-B type I and activation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:55-64. [PMID: 22886428 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) possesses protective properties in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of HDL on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which could be mobilized to the damaged myocardial tissue, has not been well elucidated yet. In the current study, we investigated the effect of HDL on the proliferation of MSCs so as to reveal its molecular mechanisms. MSCs derived from rats were treated with HDL in different concentrations and for different periods. The proliferation of MSCs was measured with MTT and BrdU cell proliferation assay. The phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and the expression of p21 were evaluated by Western blotting. After the activity of respective pathways was down-regulated by the specific inhibitor and the gene of scavenger receptor-B type I (SR-BI) was knocked down by RNA interference, BrdU assay was performed to examine this effect of HDL on MSCs. We found that the proliferation of MSCs induced by HDL, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, was the phosphorylation of Akt- and ERK1/2-dependent, which was significantly attenuated by the specific inhibitor to respective pathways. Moreover, MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway exerted a more dominating effect on this process. SR-BI contributed to HDL-induced proliferation of MSCs, which was effectively abolished by the silencing of SR-BI. The results suggested that HDL was capable of improving MSCs proliferation, in which MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways involved and SR-BI played a critical role as well.
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Chignalia AZ, Schuldt EZ, Camargo LL, Montezano AC, Callera GE, Laurindo FR, Lopes LR, Avellar MCW, Carvalho MHC, Fortes ZB, Touyz RM, Tostes RC. Testosterone Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration by NADPH Oxidase and c-Src–Dependent Pathways. Hypertension 2012; 59:1263-71. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Z. Chignalia
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Elke Z. Schuldt
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Lívia L. Camargo
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Gláucia E. Callera
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Francisco R. Laurindo
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Lucia R. Lopes
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Maria Christina W. Avellar
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Maria Helena C. Carvalho
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Zuleica B. Fortes
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., L.L.C., L.R.L., M.H.C.C., Z.B.F., R.C.T.), and Heart Institute, School of Medicine (A.Z.C., F.R.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Kidney Research Centre (A.Z.C., E.Z.S., A.C.M., G.E.C., R.M.T.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Section of Experimental Endocrinology (M.C.W.A.), Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats by interfering with oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2012; 30:315-26. [PMID: 22179086 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834f043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is associated with increased plasma inflammatory markers such as cytokines and increased vascular cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The ability of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists to reduce oxidative stress seems to contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties. This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats stimulated with interleukin-1β (10 ng/ml, 24 h) were used. Interleukin-1β increased: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) protein and mRNA levels of the NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-1, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB) kinase (IKK) nuclear expression of the p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit and cell proliferation, all of which were reduced by apocynin (30 μmol/l). Interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression was reduced by apocynin, tempol (10 μmol/l), catalase (1000 U/ml) and lactacystin (5 μmol/l). Moreover, H2O2 (50 μmol/l, 90 min) induced COX-2 expression, which was reduced by lactacystin. Pioglitazone (10 μmol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1β on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation. Pioglitazone also reduced the H2O2-induced COX-2 expression and increased Cu/Zn and Mn-superoxide dismutase protein expression. PPARγ small interfering RNA (5 nmol/l) further increased interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 and NOX-1 mRNA levels. In addition, pioglitazone increased the interleukin-1β-induced PPARγ mRNA levels. CONCLUSION PPARγ activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB.
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Sgarra L, Addabbo F, Potenza MA, Montagnani M. Determinants of evolving metabolic and cardiovascular benefit/risk profiles of rosiglitazone therapy during the natural history of diabetes: molecular mechanisms in the context of integrated pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1171-82. [PMID: 22374753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00038.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione, a synthetic PPARγ receptor agonist with insulin-sensitizing properties that is used as an antidiabetic drug. In addition to improving glycemic control through actions in metabolic target tissues, rosiglitazone has numerous biological actions that impact on cardiovascular homeostasis. Some of these actions are helpful (e.g., improving endothelial function), whereas others are potentially harmful (e.g., promoting fluid retention). Since cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are major endpoints for diabetes, it is essential to understand how the natural history of diabetes alters the net benefits and risks of rosiglitazone therapy. This complex issue is an important determinant of optimal use of rosiglitazone and is critical for understanding cardiovascular safety issues. We give special attention to the effects of rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease and the impact of rosiglitazone actions on atherosclerosis and plaque instability. This provides a rational conceptual framework for predicting evolving benefit/risk profiles that inform optimal use of rosiglitazone in the clinical setting and help explain the results of recent large clinical intervention trials where rosiglitazone had disappointing cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, in this perspective, we describe what is known about the molecular mechanisms of action of rosiglitazone on cardiovascular targets in the context of the evolving pathophysiology of diabetes over its natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sgarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Zhang LL, Gao CY, Fang CQ, Wang YJ, Gao D, Yao GE, Xiang J, Wang JZ, Li JC. PPAR attenuates intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:484-493. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Ding M, Carrão AC, Wagner RJ, Xie Y, Jin Y, Rzucidlo EM, Yu J, Li W, Tellides G, Hwa J, Aprahamian TR, Martin KA. Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived adiponectin: a paracrine regulator of contractile phenotype. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:474-84. [PMID: 21952104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a cardioprotective adipokine derived predominantly from visceral fat. We recently demonstrated that exogenous adiponectin induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation via repression of mTORC1 and FoxO4. Here we report for the first time that VSMC express and secrete adiponectin, which acts in an autocrine and paracrine manner to regulate VSMC contractile phenotype. Adiponectin was found to be expressed in human coronary artery and mouse aortic VSMC. Importantly, siRNA knock-down of endogenous adiponectin in VSMC significantly reduced the expression of VSMC contractile proteins. Contractile protein deficiency was also observed in primary VSMC isolated from Adiponectin(-/-) mice. This deficiency could be rescued by culturing Adiponectin(-/-) VSMC in conditioned media from wild type (WT) VSMC. Moreover, the paracrine effect of VSMC-derived adiponectin was confirmed as adiponectin neutralizing antibody blocked the rescue. Overexpressed adiponectin also exerted paracrine effects on neighboring untransfected VSMC, which was also blocked by adiponectin neutralizing antibody. Interestingly, adiponectin expression was inducible by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Our data support an important role for VSMC-derived adiponectin in maintaining VSMC contractile phenotype, contributing to critical cardioprotective functions in the vascular wall. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Local Signaling in Myocytes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ding
- Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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