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Lu Y, Su S, Chu CC, Kobayashi Y, Masoud AR, Peng H, Lien N, He M, Vuong C, Tran R, Hong S. Amino Acid-Based Protein-Mimic Hydrogel Incorporating Pro-Regenerative Lipid Mediator and Microvascular Fragments Promotes the Healing of Deep Burn Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10378. [PMID: 39408708 PMCID: PMC11476471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pro-regenerative lipid mediator 1 (PreM1) is a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator that promotes wound healing and regenerative functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells, and macrophages. The healing of third-degree (3°) burns and regenerative functions of MSCs are enhanced by ACgel1, an arginine-and-chitosan-based protein-mimic hybrid hydrogel. Adipose-tissue derived microvascular fragments (MVFs) are native vascularization units and a rich source of MSCs, endothelial cells, and perivascular cells for tissue regeneration. Here we describe an innovative PreM1-MVFs-ACgel1 construct that incorporated PreM1 and MVFs into ACgel1 via optimal design and fabrication. This construct delivered PreM1 to 3°-burn wounds at least up to 7 days-post-burn (dpb), and scaffolded and delivered MVFs. PreM1-MVFs-ACgel1 promoted the healing of 3°-burns in mice, including vascularization and collagen formation. The re-epithelization and closure of 3° burn wounds were promoted by ACgel1, MVFs, PreM1, MVFs-ACgel1, PreM1-ACgel1, or PreM1-MVFs-ACgel1 at certain time-point(s), while PreM1-MVFs-ACgel1 was most effective with 97% closure and 4.69% relative epithelial gap at 13 dpb compared to saline control. The PreM1-ACgel1 and MVFs-ACgel1 also promoted blood vessel regeneration of 3°-burns although PreM1-MVFs-ACgel1 is significantly more effective. These PreM1- and/or MVF-functionalized ACgel1 have nonexistent or minimal graft-donor requirements and are promising adjuvant therapeutic candidates for treating deep burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Shanchun Su
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Chih-Chang Chu
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Hongying Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Nathan Lien
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Mingyu He
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Christopher Vuong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Ryan Tran
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.L.); (A.-R.M.); (N.L.); (C.V.); (R.T.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Lu Y, Tian H, Peng H, Wang Q, Bunnell BA, Bazan NG, Hong S. Novel lipid mediator 7 S,14 R-docosahexaenoic acid: biogenesis and harnessing mesenchymal stem cells to ameliorate diabetic mellitus and retinal pericyte loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1380059. [PMID: 38533089 PMCID: PMC10963555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1380059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cells can be used to treat diabetic mellitus and complications. ω3-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived lipid mediators are inflammation-resolving and protective. This study found novel DHA-derived 7S,14R-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (7S,14R-diHDHA), a maresin-1 stereoisomer biosynthesized by leukocytes and related enzymes. Moreover, 7S,14R-diHDHA can enhance mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) functions in the amelioration of diabetic mellitus and retinal pericyte loss in diabetic db/db mice. Methods: MSCs treated with 7S,14R-diHDHA were delivered into db/db mice i.v. every 5 days for 35 days. Results: Blood glucose levels in diabetic mice were lowered by 7S,14R-diHDHA-treated MSCs compared to control and untreated MSC groups, accompanied by improved glucose tolerance and higher blood insulin levels. 7S,14R-diHDHA-treated MSCs increased insulin+ β-cell ratio and decreased glucogan+ α-cell ratio in islets, as well as reduced macrophages in pancreas. 7S,14R-diHDHA induced MSC functions in promoting MIN6 β-cell viability and insulin secretion. 7S,14R-diHDHA induced MSC paracrine functions by increasing the generation of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, 7S,14R-diHDHA enhanced MSC functions to ameliorate diabetes-caused pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy by increasing their density in retina in db/db mice. Discussion: Our findings provide a novel strategy for improving therapy for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy using 7S,14R-diHDHA-primed MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Haibin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongying Peng
- Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Thamizhchelvan AM, Masoud AR, Su S, Lu Y, Peng H, Kobayashi Y, Wang Y, Archer NK, Hong S. Bactericidal Efficacy of the Combination of Maresin-like Proresolving Mediators and Carbenicillin Action on Biofilm-Forming Burn Trauma Infection-Related Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2792. [PMID: 38474038 PMCID: PMC10932429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacterial infections are the major reason for treatment failure in many diseases including burn trauma infections. Uncontrolled inflammation induced by bacteria leads to materiality, tissue damage, and chronic diseases. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), including maresin-like lipid mediators (MarLs), are enzymatically biosynthesized from omega-3 essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), by macrophages and other leukocytes. SPMs exhibit strong inflammation-resolving activities, especially inflammation provoked by bacterial infection. In this study, we explored the potential direct inhibitory activities of three MarLs on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria in their biofilms that are leading bacteria in burn trauma-related infections. We also examined the effects of MarLs on the bactericidal activities of a typical broad-spectrum antibiotic, carbenicillin (carb), on these bacteria in their preformed biofilms. The results revealed that MarLs combined with carbenicillin can inhibit the survival of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in their biofilms although MarLs alone did not exhibit bactericidal activity. Thus, our findings suggest that the combination of MarLs and carbenicillin can lower the antibiotic requirements to kill the bacteria in preformed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbu Mozhi Thamizhchelvan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shanchun Su
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongying Peng
- Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (Y.W.); (N.K.A.)
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (Y.W.); (N.K.A.)
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Baravkar SB, Lu Y, Masoud AR, Zhao Q, He J, Hong S. Development of a Novel Covalently Bonded Conjugate of Caprylic Acid Tripeptide (Isoleucine-Leucine-Aspartic Acid) for Wound-Compatible and Injectable Hydrogel to Accelerate Healing. Biomolecules 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38254694 PMCID: PMC10813153 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Third-degree burn injuries pose a significant health threat. Safer, easier-to-use, and more effective techniques are urgently needed for their treatment. We hypothesized that covalently bonded conjugates of fatty acids and tripeptides can form wound-compatible hydrogels that can accelerate healing. We first designed conjugated structures as fatty acid-aminoacid1-amonoacid2-aspartate amphiphiles (Cn acid-AA1-AA2-D), which were potentially capable of self-assembling into hydrogels according to the structure and properties of each moiety. We then generated 14 novel conjugates based on this design by using two Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques; we verified their structures and purities through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Of them, 13 conjugates formed hydrogels at low concentrations (≥0.25% w/v), but C8 acid-ILD-NH2 showed the best hydrogelation and was investigated further. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C8 acid-ILD-NH2 formed fibrous network structures and rapidly formed hydrogels that were stable in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 2-8, 37 °C), a typical pathophysiological condition. Injection and rheological studies revealed that the hydrogels manifested important wound treatment properties, including injectability, shear thinning, rapid re-gelation, and wound-compatible mechanics (e.g., moduli G″ and G', ~0.5-15 kPa). The C8 acid-ILD-NH2(2) hydrogel markedly accelerated the healing of third-degree burn wounds on C57BL/6J mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the potential of the Cn fatty acid-AA1-AA2-D molecular template to form hydrogels capable of promoting the wound healing of third-degree burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B. Baravkar
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Jibao He
- Microscopy Laboratory, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Zhang W, Hu W, Zhu Q, Niu M, An N, Feng Y, Kawamura K, Fu P. Hydroxy fatty acids in the surface Earth system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167358. [PMID: 37793460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous and highly abundant in a wide range of organisms and have been found in various types of environmental media. These molecules play a crucial role as organic tracers by providing a chemical perspective on viewing the material world, as well as offering a wealth of information on metabolic activities. Among the diverse lipid compounds, hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) with one to multiple hydroxyl groups attached to the carbon chain stand out as important biomarkers for different sources of organic matter. HFAs are widespread in nature and are involved in biotransformation and oxidation processes in living organisms. The unique chemical and physical properties attributed to the hydroxyl group make HFAs ideal biomarkers in biomedicine and environmental toxicology, as well as organic geochemistry. The molecular distribution patterns of HFAs can be unique and diagnostic for a given class of organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Thus, HFAs can act as a valuable proxy for understanding the ecological relationships between different organisms and their environment. Furthermore, HFAs have numerous industrial applications due to their higher reactivity, viscosity, and solvent miscibility. This review paper integrates the latest research on the sources and chemical analyses of HFAs, as well as their applications in industrial/medicinal production and as biomarkers in environmental studies. This review article also provides insights into the biogeochemical cycles of HFAs in the surface Earth system, highlighting the importance of these compounds in understanding the complex interactions between living organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Quanfei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mutong Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Dama G, Du J, Zhu X, Liu Y, Lin J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A promising therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 195:110201. [PMID: 36493913 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds fail to heal through the three normal stages of healing (inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling), resulting in a chronic tissue injury that is not repaired within the average time limit. Patients suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes are prone to develop diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which commonly develop into chronic wounds that are non treatable with conventional therapies. DFU develops due to various risk factors, such as peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, arterial insufficiency, foot deformities, trauma and impaired resistance to infection. DFUs have gradually become a major problem in the health care system worldwide. In this review, we not only focus on the pathogenesis of DFU but also comprehensively summarize the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies thus far and the potential therapeutic mechanism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for the treatment of DFU. Based on the published results, BMSC transplantation can contribute to wound healing through growth factor secretion, anti-inflammation, differentiation into tissue-specific cells, neovascularization, re-epithelialization and angiogenesis in DFUs. Moreover, clinical trials showed that BMSC treatment in patients with diabetic ulcers improved ulcer healing and the ankle-brachial index, ameliorated pain scores, and enhanced claudication walking distances with no reported complications. In conclusion, although BMSC transplantation exhibits promising therapeutic potential in DFU treatment, additional studies should be performed to confirm their efficacy and long-term safety in DFU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Dama
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China; Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Jiang Du
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China; College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinxing Zhu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China; College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China.
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China; College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, 453003 Xinxiang, China.
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Yao D, Lv Y. A cell-free difunctional demineralized bone matrix scaffold enhances the recruitment and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells by promoting inflammation resolution. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213036. [PMID: 35905556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dialogue between host macrophages (Mφs) and endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes M2 Mφs polarization to resolve early-stage inflammation, thereby effectively guiding in situ bone regeneration. Once inflammation is unresolved/incontrollable, it will induce the impediment of MSCs homing at bone defect site, implying the seasonable resolution of inflammation in balancing bone homeostasis. Repeatedly, evidence elucidated that specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) could conduce to proper resolve inflammation and promote the repairing of bone defect. A difunctional demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold co-modified by maresin 1 (MaR1) and aptamer 19S (Apt19S) was fabricated to facilitate the osteogenesis of MSCs. To confirm the osteogenesis and immunomodulatory role of the difunctional DBM scaffold, the proliferation, recruitment, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and the Mφs M2 subtype polarization were evaluated in vitro. Then, the DBM scaffolds were implanted into mice model with critical size calvarial defect to evaluate bone repair efficiency. Finally, the specific resolution mechanism in Mφs cultured on the difunctional DBM scaffold was further in-depth investigated. This difunctional DBM scaffold exhibited an enhanced function on the recruitment, proliferation, migration, osteogenesis of MSCs and the resolution of inflammation, finally improved bone-scaffold integration. At the same time, MaR1 modified on the difunctional DBM scaffold increased the biosynthesis of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 12S-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE), and also directly stimulated lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis in Mφs, which suggested that MaR1 regulated Mφ lipid metabolism at bone repair site. Findings based on this synergy strategy demonstrated that Mφ lipid metabolism was essential in bone homeostasis, which might provide a theoretical direction for the treatment-associated application of MaR1 in inflammatory bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yao
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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Serini S, Calviello G. New Insights on the Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Impaired Skin Healing in Diabetes and Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102306. [PMID: 34681353 PMCID: PMC8535038 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) are widely recognized as powerful negative regulators of acute inflammation. However, the precise role exerted by these dietary compounds during the healing process is still largely unknown, and there is increasing interest in understanding their specific effects on the implicated cells/molecular factors. Particular attention is being focused also on their potential clinical application in chronic pathologies characterized by delayed and impaired healing, such as diabetes and vascular diseases in lower limbs. On these bases, we firstly summarized the current knowledge on wound healing (WH) in skin, both in normal conditions and in the setting of these two pathologies, with particular attention to the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Then, we critically reviewed the outcomes of recent research papers investigating the activity exerted by Omega-3 PUFAs and their bioactive metabolites in the regulation of WH in patients with diabetes or venous insufficiency and showing chronic recalcitrant ulcers. We especially focused on recent studies investigating the mechanisms through which these compounds may act. Considerations on the optimal dietary doses are also reported, and, finally, possible future perspectives in this area are suggested.
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Brennan E, Kantharidis P, Cooper ME, Godson C. Pro-resolving lipid mediators: regulators of inflammation, metabolism and kidney function. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:725-739. [PMID: 34282342 PMCID: PMC8287849 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism that underlies the association between CKD and obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and diabetes, through interaction between resident and/or circulating immune cells with parenchymal cells. Thus, considerable interest exists in approaches that target inflammation as a strategy to manage CKD. The initial phase of the inflammatory response to injury or metabolic dysfunction reflects the release of pro-inflammatory mediators including peptides, lipids and cytokines, and the recruitment of leukocytes. In self-limiting inflammation, the evolving inflammatory response is coupled to distinct processes that promote the resolution of inflammation and restore homeostasis. The discovery of endogenously generated lipid mediators - specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids - which promote the resolution of inflammation and attenuate the microvascular and macrovascular complications of obesity and diabetes mellitus highlights novel opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention through the targeting of pro-resolution, rather than anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Brennan
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Godson
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yaseen H, Khamaisi M. Skin well-being in diabetes: Role of macrophages. Cell Immunol 2020; 356:104154. [PMID: 32795665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in wound healing- along with mediating the acute inflammatory response, macrophages activate cutaneous epithelial cells and promote tissue repair. Diabetes complications, including diabetic chronic wounds, are accompanied by persistent inflammation and macrophage malfunction. Several studies indicate that hyperglycemia induces various alterations that affect macrophage function in wound healing including epigenetic changes, imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory modulators, and insensitivity to proliferative stimuli. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies regarding those alterations and their implications on skin well-being in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Yaseen
- Department of Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT Haifa, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Department of Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT Haifa, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Zhang Y, Eser BE, Kristensen P, Guo Z. Fatty acid hydratase for value-added biotransformation: A review. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Jara CP, Mendes NF, Prado TPD, de Araújo EP. Bioactive Fatty Acids in the Resolution of Chronic Inflammation in Skin Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:472-490. [PMID: 32320357 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Optimal skin wound healing is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, particularly in response to an injury. The skin immune system is under regulation of mediators such as bioactive lipids and cytokines that can initiate an immune response with controlled inflammation, followed by efficient resolution. However, nutritional deficiency impacts wound healing by hindering fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and epithelialization, among other crucial functions. In this way, the correct nutritional support of bioactive lipids and of other essential nutrients plays an important role in the outcome of the wound healing process. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Several studies have revealed the potential role of lipids as a treatment for the healing of skin wounds. Unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and most of their bioactive products have shown an effective role as a topical treatment of chronic skin wounds. Their effect, when the treatment starts at day 0, has been observed mainly in the inflammatory phase of the wound healing process. Moreover, some of them were associated with different dressings and were tested for clinical purposes, including pluronic gel, nanocapsules, collagen films and matrices, and polymeric bandages. Therefore, future research is still needed to evaluate these dressing technologies in association with different bioactive fatty acids in a wound healing context. Future Directions: This review summarizes the main results of the available clinical trials and basic research studies and provides evidence-based conclusions. Together, current data encourage the use of bioactive fatty acids for an optimal wound healing resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Poblete Jara
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira Mendes
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thais Paulino do Prado
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eliana Pereira de Araújo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Shojaei F, Rahmati S, Banitalebi Dehkordi M. A review on different methods to increase the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cell-based wound therapy. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:661-671. [PMID: 31298446 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate wound healing but the harsh environment of wound site limits the engraftment, retention, and survival rate of transplanted cells. There are multiple approaches that amplify the therapeutic potential of MSCs. The MSCs derived from medical waste material, provide comparable regenerative abilities compared to traditional sources. The application of different scaffolds increases MSC delivery and migration into the wound. The spheroid culture of MSC increases the paracrine effects of the entrapped cells and the secretion of pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The MSC pretreating and preconditioning enhances the cell migration, proliferation, and survival rate, which lead to higher angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, wound closure, and granulation tissue formation. Moreover, genetic modification has been performed in order to increase MSC angiogenesis, differentiation potential, as well as the cell life span. Herein, we review the results of aforementioned approaches and provide information accommodating to the continued development of MSC-based wound therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Shojaei
- Department of Medical biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shima Rahmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Banitalebi Dehkordi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Rousselle P, Braye F, Dayan G. Re-epithelialization of adult skin wounds: Cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:344-365. [PMID: 29981800 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing in adult mammals is a complex multi-step process involving overlapping stages of blood clot formation, inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, neovascularization, and remodelling. Re-epithelialization describes the resurfacing of a wound with new epithelium. The cellular and molecular processes involved in the initiation, maintenance, and completion of epithelialization are essential for successful wound closure. A variety of modulators are involved, including growth factors, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, cellular receptors, and extracellular matrix components. Here, we focus on cellular mechanisms underlying keratinocyte migration and proliferation during epidermal closure. Inability to re-epithelialize is a clear indicator of chronic non-healing wounds, which fail to proceed through the normal phases of wound healing in an orderly and timely manner. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the management and treatment of acute and chronic wounds, with a focus on re-epithelialization, offering some insights into novel future therapies.
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Tran TK, Kumar P, Kim H, Hou CT, Kim BS. Bio‐Based Polyurethanes from Microbially Converted Castor Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Kiet Tran
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National University Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Prasun Kumar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National University Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Hak‐Ryul Kim
- School of Food Science and BiotechnologyKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Ching T. Hou
- Renewable Product Technology Research UnitNational Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA Peoria IL 61604 USA
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National University Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
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16
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Alapure BV, Lu Y, He M, Chu CC, Peng H, Muhale F, Brewerton YL, Bunnell B, Hong S. Accelerate Healing of Severe Burn Wounds by Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Seeded Biodegradable Hydrogel Scaffold Synthesized from Arginine-Based Poly(ester amide) and Chitosan. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1605-1620. [PMID: 30215325 PMCID: PMC6276600 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burns are some of the most challenging problems in clinics and still lack ideal modalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) incorporated with biomaterial coverage of burn wounds may offer a viable solution. In this report, we seeded MSCs to a biodegradable hybrid hydrogel, namely ACgel, that was synthesized from unsaturated arginine-based poly(ester amide) (UArg-PEA) and chitosan derivative. MSC adhered to ACgels. ACgels maintained a high viability of MSCs in culture for 6 days. MSC seeded to ACgels presented well in third-degree burn wounds of mice at 8 days postburn (dpb) after the necrotic full-thickness skin of burn wounds was debrided and filled and covered by MSC-carrying ACgels. MSC-seeded ACgels promoted the closure, reepithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization of the burn wounds. ACgels alone can also promote vascularization but less effectively compared with MSC-seeded ACgels. The actions of MSC-seeded ACgels or ACgels alone involve the induction of reparative, anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, and M2-like macrophages, as well as the reduction of inflammatory cytokine TNFα and M1-like macrophages at the late inflammatory phase of burn wound healing, which provided the mechanistic insights associated with inflammation and macrophages in burn wounds. For the studied regimens of these treatments, no toxicity was identified to MSCs or mice. Our results indicate that MSC-seeded ACgels have potential use as a novel adjuvant therapy for severe burns to complement commonly used skin grafting and, thus, minimize the downsides of grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat V. Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mingyu He
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Chih-Chang Chu
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Hongying Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Filipe Muhale
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Bruce Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Borges FT, Convento MB, Schor N. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell: what next? STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 11:77-83. [PMID: 30510433 PMCID: PMC6231430 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s147804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) is a potential alternative in regenerative medicine and has great potential in many pathologic conditions including kidney disease. Although most of the studies demonstrate MSC efficiency, the regenerative potential may not be efficient in all diseases and patients. Stem cell feasibility is modified by donor characteristics as gender, age, diet, and health status, producing both positive and negative results. The conditioning of MSC can potentiate its effects and modify its culture medium (CM). In current practices, the cell-free treatment is gaining notable attention, while MSC-conditioned CM is being applied and studied in many experimental diseases, including, but not limited to, certain kidney diseases. This may be the next step for clinical trials. Studies in stem cell CM have focused mainly on extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids (mRNA and microRNA), lipids, and proteins presented in this CM. They mediate regenerative effects of MSC in a harmonic manner. In this review, we will analyze the regenerative potential of MSC and its CM as well as discuss some effective techniques for modifying its fractions and improving its therapeutic potential. CM fractions may be modified by hypoxic conditions, inflammation, lipid exposition, and protein growth factors. Other possible mechanisms of action of stem cells are also suggested. In the future, the MSC paracrine effect may be modified to more closely meet each patient’s needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda T Borges
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, .,Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
| | - Marcia Bastos Convento
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
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Pazderka CW, Oliver B, Murray M, Rawling T. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derived Lipid Mediators and their Application in Drug Discovery. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:1670-1689. [PMID: 30259807 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180927100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play crucial and often opposing regulatory roles in health and in pathological conditions. n-3 and n-6 PUFA undergo biotransformation to parallel series of lipid mediators that are potent modulators of many cellular processes. A wide range of biological actions have been attributed to lipid mediators derived from n-6 PUFA, and these mediators have served as lead compounds in the development of numerous clinically approved drugs, including latanoprost (Xalatan: Pfizer), which is listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. n-3 PUFA-derived mediators have received less attention, in part because early studies suggested that n-3 PUFA act simply as competitive substrates for biotransformation enzymes and decrease the formation of n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators. However, more recent studies suggest that n-3 PUFA-derived mediators are biologically important in their own right. It is now emerging that many n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators have potent and diverse activities that are distinct from their n-6 counterparts. These findings provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Herein, we review the biosynthesis of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators and highlight their biological actions that may be exploited for drug development. Lastly, we provide examples of medicinal chemistry research that has utilized n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as novel lead compounds in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Pazderka
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
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Lopes L, Setia O, Aurshina A, Liu S, Hu H, Isaji T, Liu H, Wang T, Ono S, Guo X, Yatsula B, Guo J, Gu Y, Navarro T, Dardik A. Stem cell therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:188. [PMID: 29996912 PMCID: PMC6042254 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes, preceding most diabetes-related amputations. DFUs require over US$9 billion for yearly treatment and are now a global public health issue. DFU occurs in the setting of ischemia, infection, neuropathy, and metabolic disorders that result in poor wound healing and poor treatment options. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a new interventional strategy to treat DFU and appears to be safe and effective in both preclinical and clinical trials. However, variability in the stem cell type and origin, route and protocol for administration, and concomitant use of angioplasty confound easy interpretation and generalization of the results. METHODS The PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases were searched and 89 preclinical and clinical studies were selected for analysis. RESULTS There was divergence between preclinical and clinical studies regarding stem cell type, origin, and delivery techniques. There was heterogeneous preclinical and clinical study design and few randomized clinical trials. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was employed in some studies but with differing protocols. Concomitant performance of angioplasty with stem cell therapy showed increased efficiency compared to either therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell therapy is an effective treatment for diabetic foot ulcers and is currently used as an alternative to amputation for some patients without other options for revascularization. Concordance between preclinical and clinical studies may help design future randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lopes
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ocean Setia
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Afsha Aurshina
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Shirley Liu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Haidi Hu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Tun Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Shun Ono
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Xiangjiang Guo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Bogdan Yatsula
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tulio Navarro
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT USA
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21
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Nishimura K, Sakaguchi T, Nanba Y, Suganuma Y, Morita M, Hong S, Lu Y, Jun B, Bazan NG, Arita M, Kobayashi Y. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Macrophage-Produced Prohealing 14,21-Dihydroxy Docosahexaenoic Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 83:154-166. [PMID: 29224348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of 14S,21R- and 14S,21S-dihydroxy-DHA (diHDHA) among the four possible stereoisomers of 14,21-diHDHA was studied. Methyl (R)-lactate (>97% ee), selected as a C20-C22 fragment (DHA numbering), was converted to the C17-C22 phosphonium salt, which was subjected to a Wittig reaction with racemic C16-aldehyde of the C12-C16 part with the TMS and TBS-oxy groups at C12 and C14, yielding the C12-C22 derivative with 14R/S and 21R chirality. Kinetic resolution using Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of the TBS-deprotected allylic alcohol with l-(+)-DIPT/Ti(O-i-Pr)4 afforded 14S-epoxy alcohol and 14R-allylic alcohol with >99% diastereomeric excess (de) for both. The CN group was introduced to the epoxy alcohol by reaction with Et2AlCN. The 14R-allylic alcohol was also converted to the nitrile via Mitsunobu inversion. Reduction of the nitrile with DIBAL afforded the key aldehyde corresponding to the C11-C22 moiety. The Wittig reaction of this aldehyde with a phosphonium salt of the remaining C1-C10 part followed by functional group manipulation gave 14S,21R-diHDHA. Similarly, ethyl (S)-lactate (>99% ee) was converted to 14S,21S-diHDHA. The chiral LC-UV-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that each of these two 14,21-diHDHAs synthesized using the presented total organic synthesis was highly stereoselective and identical to the macrophage-produced counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nishimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nanba
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Suganuma
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masao Morita
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy , 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Bazan HA, Lu Y, Jun B, Fang Z, Woods TC, Hong S. Circulating inflammation-resolving lipid mediators RvD1 and DHA are decreased in patients with acutely symptomatic carotid disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:43-47. [PMID: 28987721 PMCID: PMC5909403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis of an acutely symptomatic carotid plaque rupture event are currently lacking, impairing the ability to diagnose and treat patients with an acute plaque rupture events in a timely fashion. Resolvins are endogenous inflammation-resolving lipid mediators that are induced by inflammatory insults. We hypothesized that resolvin and other lipid profiles in sera likely mark the process towards plaque rupture. METHODS Circulating lipids associated with plaque rupture events were quantitatively profiled via targeted mediator-lipidomics using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in patients with acutely symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease. RESULTS Resolvin D1 (RvD1, 82 ± 11pM vs. 152 ± 17pM, p = 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.052 ± 0.007µM versus 0.076 ± 0.008µM, p = 0.025) levels are decreased in the sera of patients presenting with an acutely symptomatic carotid plaque rupture event (n = 21) compared to patients with asymptomatic (n = 24) high-grade carotid stenosis. Circulating arachidonic acid (AA) levels, however, were higher (0.429 ± 0.046µM versus 0.257 ± 0.035µM, p < 0.01) in acutely symptomatic compared to asymptomatic carotid patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrates that the serum ratio AA:RvD1 (AUC 0.84, sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.92) and AA:DHA (AUC 0.86, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.71) are biomarkers for the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. CONCLUSIONS A circulating pro-inflammatory lipid profile, characterized by high AA:RvD1 and AA:DHA, is associated with acutely symptomatic carotid disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan A. Bazan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular/Endovascular Surgery, Ochsner Clinic and The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121
- Correspondence: Dr. Hernan Bazan, Ochsner Clinic, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 | | 504 842 4053 (office); 504 842 5017 (fax)
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - T. Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology and the Heart & Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Correspondence: Dr. Hernan Bazan, Ochsner Clinic, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 | | 504 842 4053 (office); 504 842 5017 (fax)
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Kaprakkaden A, Srivastava P, Bisaria VS. In vitro synthesis of 9,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid using recombinant Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:85. [PMID: 28521794 PMCID: PMC5437634 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxy fatty acids are widely used in food, chemical and cosmetic industries. A variety of dihydroxy fatty acids have been synthesized so far; however, no studies have been done on the synthesis of 9,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid. In the present study recombinant E. coli has been used for the heterologous expression of fatty acid hydroxylating enzymes and the whole cell lysate of the induced culture was used for in vitro production of 9,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid. Results A first of its kind proof of principle has been successfully demonstrated for the production of 9,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid using three different enzymes viz. fatty acid desaturase (FAD) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, epoxide hydrolase (EH) from Caenorhabditis elegance and epoxygenase (EPOX) from Stokasia laevis. The genes for these proteins were codon-optimised, synthesised and cloned in pET 28a (+) vector. The culture conditions for induction of these three proteins in E. coli were optimised in shake flask. The induced cell lysates were used both singly and in combination along with the trans-supply of hexadecanoic acid and 9-hexadecenoic acid, followed by product profiling by GC–MS. Formation of 9,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid was successfully achieved when combination of induced cell lysates of recombinant E. coli containing FAD, EH, and EPOX were incubated with 9-hexadecenoic acid. Conclusions The in vitro production of 9,10-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid synthesis using three fatty acid modification genes from different sources has been successfully demonstrated. The strategy adopted can be used for the production of similar compounds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0696-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Kaprakkaden
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Lac Production Division, ICAR-IINRG, Ranchi, India
| | - Preeti Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Virendra Swarup Bisaria
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Alapure BV, Lu Y, Peng H, Hong S. Surgical Denervation of Specific Cutaneous Nerves Impedes Excisional Wound Healing of Small Animal Ear Pinnae. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1236-1243. [PMID: 28110472 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Damage to cutaneous nerves inhibits wound healing in patients. Results from animals on the nerve contributions to healing are various and sometimes contradictory. Here, we aim to clearly define the collective role of central, caudal, and rostral nerves in ear wound healing of mice, rats, and rabbits. These wounds heal with minimal contraction like wounds in humans. We resected central, caudal, and rostral nerves at the base of ear pinnae by microsurgery and created excisional full-thickness skin wounds in the pinnae neurologically downstream from the resections. Denervation in mice resulted in no closure for 14 days post-wounding (dpw) and led to only 17.2% closure at 21 dpw when the excisional wounds of non-denervated ear pinnae were completely closed. Compared to excisional wounds that were not denervated in sham surgery, wounds with denervation showed an increase of excisional wound areas for 5.0% by 7 dpw and a 43.7% reduction of wound closure at 12 dpw for rats. In rabbits, denervation attenuated wound closure for 14.2, 34.4, and 28.3% at 7, 14, and 18 dpw, respectively. Our histological analysis showed marked denervation impairment in pivotal healing processes, re-epithelialization and granulation tissue growth, suggesting denervation impairment in the regeneration of blood capillaries and/or connective tissue in wounds. These results reveal the critical contributions made by central, caudal, and rostral nerves in ear pinnae to minimal-contraction skin wound healing. Our study also provides small animal models of minimal-contraction wound healing of denervated ear skins that recapitulate human wound healing involving surgical or traumatic nerve damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat V Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hongying Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Prospective Therapy for the Diabetic Foot. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4612167. [PMID: 27867398 PMCID: PMC5102750 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4612167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells are an abundant source of stem cells which occupy a special position in cell therapies, and recent studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells can play essential roles in treatments for the diabetic foot. Here, we discuss the advances that have been made in mesenchymal stem cell treatments for this condition. The roles and functional mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in the diabetic foot are also summarized, and insights into current and future studies are presented.
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Otero-Viñas M, Falanga V. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Wounds: The Spectrum from Basic to Advanced Therapy. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:149-163. [PMID: 27076993 PMCID: PMC4817558 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Almost 7 million Americans have chronic cutaneous wounds and billions of dollars are spent on their treatment. The number of patients with nonhealing wounds keeps increasing worldwide due to an ever-aging population, increasing number of obese and diabetic patients, and cardiovascular disease. Recent Advances: Advanced treatments for difficult wounds are needed. Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is attractive due to their differentiating potential, their immunomodulating properties, and their paracrine effects. Critical Issues: New technologies (including growth factors and skin substitutes) are now widely used for stimulating wound healing. However, in spite of these advances, the percentage of complete wound closure in most clinical situations is around 50-60%. Moreover, there is a high rate of wound recurrence. Future Directions: Recently, it has been demonstrated that MSCs speed up wound healing by decreasing inflammation, by promoting angiogenesis, and by decreasing scarring. However, there are some potential limitations to successful MSC therapy. These limitations include the need to improve cell delivery methods, cell viability, heterogeneity in MSC preparations, and suboptimal wound bed preparation. Further large, controlled clinical trials are needed to establish the safety of MSCs before widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Otero-Viñas
- Dermatology Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Systems Biology, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Vincent Falanga
- Dermatology Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lee DE, Ayoub N, Agrawal DK. Mesenchymal stem cells and cutaneous wound healing: novel methods to increase cell delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:37. [PMID: 26960535 PMCID: PMC4784457 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (also known as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) possess the capacity for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, and their ability to enhance cutaneous wound healing has been well characterized. Acting via paracrine interactions, MSCs accelerate wound closure, increase angiogenesis, promote resolution of wound inflammation, favorably regulate extracellular matrix remodeling, and encourage regeneration of skin with normal architecture and function. A number of studies have employed novel methods to amplify the delivery and efficacy of MSCs. Non-traditional sources of MSCs, including Wharton’s jelly and medical waste material, have shown efficacy comparable to that of traditional sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. The potential of alternative methods to both introduce MSCs into wounds and increase migration of MSCs into wound areas has also been demonstrated. Taking advantage of the associations between MSCs with M2 macrophages and microRNA, methods to enhance the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs have shown success. New measures to enhance angiogenic capabilities have also exhibited effectiveness, often demonstrated by increased levels of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, hypoxia has been shown to have strong wound-healing potential in terms of increasing MSC efficacy. We have critically reviewed the results of the novel studies that show promise for the continued development of MSC-based wound-healing therapies and provide direction for continued research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Lee
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Nagi Ayoub
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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Arantes EL, Dragano N, Ramalho A, Vitorino D, de-Souza GF, Lima MHM, Velloso LA, Araújo EP. Topical Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in Rats and Activates GPR120. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:411-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800415621617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: The development of methods for improving skin wound healing may have an impact on the outcomes of a number of medical conditions. The topical use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can accelerate skin wound healing through mechanisms that involve, at least in part, the modulation of inflammatory activity. Purpose: We evaluated whether G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), a recently identified receptor for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with anti-inflammatory activity, is expressed in the skin and responds to topical DHA. Method: Male Wistar rats were submitted to an 8.0-mm wound on the back and were immediately administered a topical treatment of a solution containing 30 μM of DHA once a day. The healing process was photodocumented, and tissues were collected on Days 5, 9, and 15 for protein and RNA analyses and histological evaluation. Results: GPR120 was expressed in the intact skin and in the wound. Keratinocytes expressed the most skin GPR120, while virtually no expression was detected in fibroblasts. Upon DHA topical treatment, wound healing was significantly accelerated and was accompanied by the molecular activation of GPR120, as determined by its association with β-arrestin-2. In addition, DHA promoted a reduction in the expression of interleukin (IL) 1β and an increase in the expression of IL-6. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the keratinocyte marker involucrin. Discussion: Topical DHA improved skin wound healing. The activation of GPR120 is potentially involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Arantes
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Albina Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Vitorino
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana P. Araújo
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
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Isakson M, de Blacam C, Whelan D, McArdle A, Clover AJP. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cutaneous Wound Healing: Current Evidence and Future Potential. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:831095. [PMID: 26106431 PMCID: PMC4461792 DOI: 10.1155/2015/831095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is a remarkable organ that sustains insult and injury throughout life. The ability of skin to expeditiously repair wounds is paramount to survival. With an aging global population, coupled with a rise in the prevalence of conditions such as diabetes, chronic wounds represent a significant biomedical burden. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a progenitor cell population of the mesoderm lineage, have been shown to be significant mediators in inflammatory environments. Preclinical studies of MSC in various animal wound healing models point towards a putative therapy. This review examines the body of evidence suggesting that MSC accelerate wound healing in both clinical and preclinical studies and also the possible mechanisms controlling its efficacy. The delivery of a cellular therapy to the masses presents many challenges from a safety, ethical, and regulatory point of view. Some of the issues surrounding the introduction of MSC as a medicinal product are also delineated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Isakson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. de Blacam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - D. Whelan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A. McArdle
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - A. J. P. Clover
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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JAM-A promotes wound healing by enhancing both homing and secretory activities of mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:575-88. [PMID: 25994236 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The homing ability and secretory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key factors that influence cell involvement in wound repair. These factors are controlled by multilayer regulatory circuitry, including adhesion molecules, core transcription factors (TFs) and certain other regulators. However, the role of adhesion molecules in this regulatory circuitry and their underlying mechanism remain undefined. In the present paper, we demonstrate that an adhesion molecule, junction adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), may function as a key promoter molecule to regulate skin wound healing by MSCs. In in vivo experiments, we show that JAM-A up-regulation promoted both MSC homing to full-thickness skin wounds and wound healing-related cytokine secretion by MSCs. In vitro experiments also showed that JAM-A promoted MSC proliferation and migration by activating T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1). We suggest that JAM-A up-regulation can increase the proliferation, cytokine secretion and wound-homing ability of MSCs, thus accelerating the repair rate of full-thickness skin defects. These results may provide insights into a novel and potentially effective approach to improve the efficacy of MSC treatment.
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Serhan CN, Dalli J, Colas RA, Winkler JW, Chiang N. Protectins and maresins: New pro-resolving families of mediators in acute inflammation and resolution bioactive metabolome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:397-413. [PMID: 25139562 PMCID: PMC4324013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute inflammatory responses are protective, yet without timely resolution can lead to chronic inflammation and organ fibrosis. A systems approach to investigate self-limited (self-resolving) inflammatory exudates in mice and structural elucidation uncovered novel resolution phase mediators in vivo that stimulate endogenous resolution mechanisms in inflammation. Resolving inflammatory exudates and human leukocytes utilize DHA and other n-3 EFA to produce three structurally distinct families of potent di- and trihydroxy-containing products, with several stereospecific potent mediators in each family. Given their potent and stereoselective picogram actions, specific members of these new families of mediators from the DHA metabolome were named D-series resolvins (Resolvin D1 to Resolvin D6), protectins (including protectin D1-neuroprotectin D1), and maresins (MaR1 and MaR2). In this review, we focus on a) biosynthesis of protectins and maresins as anti-inflammatory-pro-resolving mediators; b) their complete stereochemical assignments and actions in vivo in disease models. Each pathway involves the biosynthesis of epoxide-containing intermediates produced from hydroperoxy-containing precursors from human leukocytes and within exudates. Also, aspirin triggers an endogenous DHA metabolome that biosynthesizes potent products in inflammatory exudates and human leukocytes, namely aspirin-triggered Neuroprotectin D1/Protectin D1 [AT-(NPD1/PD1)]. Identification and structural elucidation of these new families of bioactive mediators in resolution has opened the possibility of diverse patho-physiologic actions in several processes including infection, inflammatory pain, tissue regeneration, neuroprotection-neurodegenerative disorders, wound healing, and others. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy W Winkler
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Vrbnjak D, Pajnkihar M, Langerholc T. Uporabnost maščobnih kislin omega-3 pri obravnavi ran na koži. OBZORNIK ZDRAVSTVENE NEGE 2015. [DOI: 10.14528/snr.2015.49.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uvod: Namen članka je prikazati analizo podatkov o učinkih maščobnih kislin omega-3 na celjenje ran ter njihovo uporabnost pri obravnavi ran na koži.
Metode: Za pregled literature ter analizo dobljenih virov so bile uporabljene podatkovne baze: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline in ScienceDirect. Iskanje je bilo izvedeno s ključnimi besedami v angleščini: omega-3, fish oil, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), wound, wound healing, in Boolovim operatorjem AND. V analizo so bile vključene eksperimentalne ali randomizirane klinične raziskave, objavljene v angleškem jeziku in izdane od 1993 do januarja 2014, ki so vključevale preprečevanje ali zdravljenje akutnih ali kroničnih ran na koži z uporabo maščobnih kislin omega-3. Izključitveni kriterij je bil obravnava uporabe maščobnih kislin omega-3 pri opeklinah. Iz iskalnega nabora 1151 zadetkov je bilo v podrobno analizo vključenih 15 raziskav.
Rezultati: Rezultati analize literature so pokazali, da so maščobne kisline omega-3 večinoma neučinkovite pri obravnavi travmatskih in kirurških ran na koži, potencialno učinkovite pri obravnavi diabetičnih ran in učinkovite pri obravnavi razjed zaradi pritiska.
Diskusija in zaključek: Protivnetni učinek maščobnih kislin omega-3 upočasnjuje in moti celjenje akutnih ran na koži, vendar lahko z njimi obvladujemo lokalne vnetne odzive in pospešujemo reepitelizacijo pri kroničnih ranah. Za oblikovanje natančnih smernic uporabe bodo potrebna nadaljnja raziskovanja.
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Hong S, Tian H, Lu Y, Laborde JM, Muhale FA, Wang Q, Alapure BV, Serhan CN, Bazan NG. Neuroprotectin/protectin D1: endogenous biosynthesis and actions on diabetic macrophages in promoting wound healing and innervation impaired by diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C1058-67. [PMID: 25273880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of macrophages (MΦs) in diabetic wounds impairs the healing. MΦs produce anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (NPD1/PD1, 10R,17S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid); however, little is known about endogenous NPD1 biosynthesis by MΦs and the actions of NPD1 on diabetic MΦ functions in diabetic wound healing. We used an excisional skin wound model of diabetic mice, MΦ depletion, MΦs isolated from diabetic mice, and mass spectrometry-based targeted lipidomics to study the time course progression of NPD1 levels in wounds, the roles of MΦs in NPD1 biosynthesis, and NPD1 action on diabetic MΦ inflammatory activities. We also investigated the healing, innervation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic wounds treated with NPD1 or NPD1-modulated MΦs from diabetic mice. Injury induced endogenous NPD1 biosynthesis in wounds, but diabetes impeded NPD1 formation. NPD1 was mainly produced by MΦs. NPD1 enhanced wound healing and innervation in diabetic mice and promoted MΦs functions that accelerated these processes. The underlying mechanisms for these actions of NPD1 or NPD1-modulated MΦs involved 1) attenuating MΦ inflammatory activities and chronic inflammation and oxidative stress after acute inflammation in diabetic wound, and 2) increasing MΦ production of IL10 and hepatocyte growth factor. Taken together, NPD1 appears to be a MΦs-produced factor that accelerates diabetic wound healing and promotes MΦ pro-healing functions in diabetic wounds. Decreased NPD1 production in diabetic wound is associated with impaired healing. This study identifies a new molecular target that might be useful in development of more effective therapeutics based on NPD1 and syngeneic diabetic MΦs for treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;
| | - Haibin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - James Monroe Laborde
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Filipe A Muhale
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bhagwat V Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Anaesthesia (Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology), Harvard Medical School; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Maresin-like lipid mediators are produced by leukocytes and platelets and rescue reparative function of diabetes-impaired macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:1318-1329. [PMID: 25200603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonhealing diabetic wounds are associated with impaired macrophage (Mf) function. Leukocytes and platelets (PLT) play crucial roles in wound healing by poorly understood mechanisms. Here we report the identification and characterization of the maresin-like(L) mediators 14,22-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acids, 14S,22-diHDHA (maresin-L1), and 14R,22-diHDHA (maresin-L2) that are produced by leukocytes and PLT and involved in wound healing. We show that 12-lipoxygenase-initiated 14S-hydroxylation or cytochrome P450 catalyzed 14R-hydroxylation and P450-initiated ω(22)-hydroxylation are required for maresin-L biosynthesis. Maresin-L treatment restores reparative functions of diabetic Mfs, suggesting that maresin-Ls act as autocrine/paracrine factors responsible for, at least in part, the reparative functions of leukocytes and PLT in wounds. Additionally, maresin-L ameliorates Mf inflammatory activation and has the potential to suppress the chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds caused by activation of Mfs. These findings provide initial insights into maresin-L biosynthesis and mechanism of action and potentially offer a therapeutic option for better treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Deng B, Wang CW, Arnardottir HH, Li Y, Cheng CYC, Dalli J, Serhan CN. Maresin biosynthesis and identification of maresin 2, a new anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator from human macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102362. [PMID: 25036362 PMCID: PMC4103848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maresins are a new family of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by macrophages. Here we identified a novel pro-resolving product, 13R,14S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (13R,14S-diHDHA), produced by human macrophages. PCR mapping of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) mRNA sequence in human macrophages and platelet showed that they are identical. This human 12-LOX mRNA and enzyme are expressed in monocyte-derived cell lineage, and enzyme expression levels increase with maturation to macrophages or dendritic cells. Recombinant human 12-LOX gave essentially equivalent catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) with arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA as substrates. Lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that human macrophages produce a novel bioactive product 13,14-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid in addition to maresin-1, 7R,14S-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (MaR1). Co-incubations with human recombinant 12-LOX and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) demonstrated that biosynthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (13,14-diHDHA) involves the 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin intermediate produced from DHA by 12-LOX, followed by conversion via soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). This new 13,14-diHDHA displayed potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions, and at 1 ng reduced neutrophil infiltration in mouse peritonitis by ∼40% and at 10 pM enhanced human macrophage phagocytosis of zymosan by ∼90%. However, MaR1 proved more potent than the 13R,14S-diHDHA at enhancing efferocytosis with human macrophages. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that macrophages produced a novel bioactive product identified in the maresin metabolome as 13R,14S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, from DHA via conversion by human 12-LOX followed by sEH. Given its potent bioactions, we coined 13R,14S-diHDHA maresin 2 (MaR2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hildur H Arnardottir
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chien-Yee Cindy Cheng
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hong S, Alapure BV, Lu Y, Tian H, Wang Q. 12/15-Lipoxygenase deficiency reduces densities of mesenchymal stem cells in the dermis of wounded and unwounded skin. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:30-38. [PMID: 24593251 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote skin healing. 12/15-Lipoxgenase (LOX) is crucial in producing specific lipid mediators in wounded skin. The consequences of 12/15-LOX deficiency in MSC densities in skin are unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of 12/15-LOX deficiency in MSC densities in wounded and unwounded dermis. METHODS Full-thickness skin incisional wounds were made to 12/15-LOX-deficient (12/15-LOX(-/-) ) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Wounded skin was collected at 3, 8, or 14 days postwounding (dpw). MSCs were analysed in skin sections using histology. 12S- or 15S-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) was analysed using a reversed-phase Chiral liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-tandem mass spectrometer. RESULTS There were more stem cell antigen (Sca)1(+) CD29(+) MSCs (cells/field) at 3, 8, and 14 dpw, more Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs at 3 and 14 dpw in the wounded dermis, more MSCs in unwounded dermis of WT mice compared with 12/15-LOX(-/-) mice, and more MSCs in the wounded dermis than in the unwounded dermis. For 12/15-LOX(-/-) dermis, Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs peaked and Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs reached a flat level at 8 dpw. However, for the WT dermis, MSCs increased from 8 to 14 dpw. There were more Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs than Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs in the 12/15-LOX(-/-) wounded dermis at 8 dpw. However, there were more Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs in the 12/15-LOX(-/-) than Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs in the WT wounded dermis at 3 dpw, and Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs and Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs were at comparable levels in other conditions. 12/15-LOX deficiency suppressed levels of 12/15-LOX protein and their products, 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE, in wounds. CONCLUSIONS 12/15-LOX deficiency reduces MSC densities in the dermis, which correlates with the suppressed 12/15-LOX pathways in wounded and unwounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hong
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - B V Alapure
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Y Lu
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - H Tian
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Q Wang
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Hong S, Alapure BV, Lu Y, Tian H, Wang Q. Immunohistological localization of endogenous unlabeled stem cells in wounded skin. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:276-85. [PMID: 24399040 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414520710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of endogenous stem cells (SCs) participate in wound healing in the skin at different anatomical locations. SCs need to be identified through multiple markers, and this is usually performed using flow cytometry. However, immunohistological identification of endogenous stem cells in the skin at different anatomical locations by co-staining multiple SC markers has been seldom explored. We examined the immunohistological localization of four major types of SCs in wounded skin by co-staining for their multiple markers. Hematopoietic SCs were co-stained for Sca1 and CD45; mesenchymal SCs for Sca1, CD29, and CD106; adipose SCs for CD34, CD90, and CD105; and endothelial progenitor cells and their differentiated counterparts were co-stained for CD34, Tie2, and von Willebrand factor. We found Sca1(+)CD45(+) SCs in the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis of wounded skin. Sca1(+)CD29(+) and Sca1(+)CD106(+) mesenchymal SCs, CD34(+)CD105(+), CD34(+)CD90(+), and CD90(+)CD105(+) adipose SCs, as well as CD34(+)Tie2(+) endothelial progenitor cells were also located in the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using immunohistological staining to determine the location of SCs in wounded skin and the intracellular distribution of their molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Kim KR, Oh DK. Production of hydroxy fatty acids by microbial fatty acid-hydroxylation enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1473-85. [PMID: 23860413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids are widely used in chemical, food, and cosmetic industries as starting materials for the synthesis of polymers and as additives for the manufacture of lubricants, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. They have antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities and therefore can be applied for medicinal uses. Microbial fatty acid-hydroxylation enzymes, including P450, lipoxygenase, hydratase, 12-hydroxylase, and diol synthase, synthesize regio-specific hydroxy fatty acids. In this article, microbial fatty acid-hydroxylation enzymes, with a focus on region-specificity and diversity, are summarized and the production of mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids is introduced. Finally, the production methods of regio-specific and diverse hydroxy fatty acids, such as gene screening, protein engineering, metabolic engineering, and combinatory biosynthesis, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Rok Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Dalli J, Zhu M, Vlasenko NA, Deng B, Haeggström JZ, Petasis NA, Serhan CN. The novel 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin is converted by human macrophages to maresin 1 (MaR1), inhibits leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), and shifts macrophage phenotype. FASEB J 2013; 27:2573-83. [PMID: 23504711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Maresins are produced by macrophages from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and exert potent proresolving and tissue homeostatic actions. Maresin 1 (MaR1; 7R,14S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid) is the first identified maresin. Here, we investigate formation, stereochemistry, and precursor role of 13,14-epoxy-docosahexaenoic acid, an intermediate in MaR1 biosynthesis. The 14-lipoxygenation of DHA by human macrophage 12-lipoxygenase (hm12-LOX) gave 14-hydro(peroxy)-docosahexaenoic acid (14-HpDHA), as well as several dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acids, implicating an epoxide intermediate formation by this enzyme. Using a stereo-controlled synthesis, enantiomerically pure 13S,14S-epoxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid (13S,14S-epoxy-DHA) was prepared, and its stereochemistry was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. When this 13S,14S-epoxide was incubated with human macrophages, it was converted to MaR1. The synthetic 13S,14S-epoxide inhibited leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation by human leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) ∼40% (P<0.05) to a similar extent as LTA4 (∼50%, P<0.05) but was not converted to MaR1 by this enzyme. 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA also reduced (∼60%; P<0.05) arachidonic acid conversion by hm12-LOX and promoted conversion of M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype, which produced more MaR1 from the epoxide than M1. Together, these findings establish the biosynthesis of the 13S,14S-epoxide, its absolute stereochemistry, its precursor role in MaR1 biosynthesis, and its own intrinsic bioactivity. Given its actions and role in MaR1 biosynthesis, this epoxide is now termed 13,14-epoxy-maresin (13,14-eMaR) and exhibits new mechanisms in resolution of inflammation in its ability to inhibit proinflammatory mediator production by LTA4 hydrolase and to block arachidonate conversion by human 12-LOX rather than merely terminating phagocyte involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tang Y, Zhang MJ, Hellmann J, Kosuri M, Bhatnagar A, Spite M. Proresolution therapy for the treatment of delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Diabetes 2013; 62:618-27. [PMID: 23043160 PMCID: PMC3554373 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are emerging global epidemics associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. A characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes is delayed wound healing, which increases the risk of recurrent infections, tissue necrosis, and limb amputation. In health, inflammation is actively resolved by endogenous mediators, such as the resolvins. D-series resolvins are generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and promote macrophage-mediated clearance of microbes and apoptotic cells. However, it is not clear how type 2 diabetes affects the resolution of inflammation. Here, we report that resolution of acute peritonitis is delayed in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Altered resolution was associated with decreased apoptotic cell and Fc receptor-mediated macrophage clearance. Treatment with resolvin D1 (RvD1) enhanced resolution of peritonitis, decreased accumulation of apoptotic thymocytes in diabetic mice, and stimulated diabetic macrophage phagocytosis. Conversion of DHA to monohydroxydocosanoids, markers of resolvin biosynthesis, was attenuated in diabetic wounds, and local application of RvD1 accelerated wound closure and decreased accumulation of apoptotic cells and macrophages in the wounds. These findings support the notion that diabetes impairs resolution of wound healing and demonstrate that stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators could be a novel approach to treating chronic, nonhealing wounds in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Tang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael J. Zhang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Madhavi Kosuri
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Matthew Spite
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Hong S, Lu Y. Omega-3 fatty acid-derived resolvins and protectins in inflammation resolution and leukocyte functions: targeting novel lipid mediator pathways in mitigation of acute kidney injury. Front Immunol 2013; 4:13. [PMID: 23386851 PMCID: PMC3558681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, in conjunction with leukocytes, plays a key role in most acute kidney injury (AKI). Non-resolving renal inflammation leads to chronic fibrosis and renal failure. Resolvin D series (RvDs) and E series (RvEs), protectins, and maresins (MaRs) are endogenous omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators (LMs) that potently promote inflammation resolution by shortening neutrophil life span and promoting macrophage (Mf) non-phelogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and the subsequent exit of Mfs from inflammatory tissue. 14S,21R-dihydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14S,21R-diHDHA), a Mf-produced autacrine, reprograms Mfs to rescue vascular endothelia. RvD1, RvE1, or 14S,21R-diHDHA also switches Mfs to the phenotype that produces pro-resolving interleukin-10. RvDs or protectin/neuroprotectin D1 (PD1/NPD1) inhibits neutrophil infiltration into injured kidneys, blocks toll-like receptor -mediated inflammatory activation of Mfs and mitigates renal functions. RvDs also repress renal interstitial fibrosis, and PD1 promotes renoprotective heme-oxygenase-1 expression. These findings provide novel approaches for targeting inflammation resolution and LMs or modulation of LM-associated pathways for developing better clinical treatments for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Health Science Center, Louisiana State University New Orleans, LA, USA
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Shrestha C, Zhao L, Chen K, He H, Mo Z. Enhanced healing of diabetic wounds by subcutaneous administration of human umbilical cord derived stem cells and their conditioned media. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:592454. [PMID: 24089612 PMCID: PMC3781996 DOI: 10.1155/2013/592454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the umbilical cord and their conditioned media (CM) can be easily obtained and refined compared with stem cells from other sources. Here, we explore the possibility of the benefits of these cells in healing diabetic wounds. Methodology and Results. Delayed wound healing animal models were established by making a standard wound on the dorsum of eighteen db/db mice, which were divided into three groups with six mice in each: groups I, II, and III received PBS, UC-MSC, and CM, respectively. UC-MSC and their CM significantly accelerated wound closure compared to PBS-treated wounds, and it was most rapid in CM-injected wounds. In day-14 wounds, significant difference in capillary densities among the three groups was noted (n = 6; P < 0.05), and higher levels of VEGF, PDGF, and KGF expression in the CM- and UC-MSC-injected wounds compared to the PBS-treated wounds were seen. The expression levels of PDGF- β and KGF were higher in CM-treated wounds than those in UC-MSC-treated wounds. Conclusion. Both the transplantation of UC-MSC and their CM are beneficial to diabetic wound healing, and CM has been shown to be therapeutically better than UC-MSC, at least in the context of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrama Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Honghui He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- *Zhaohui Mo:
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Hocking AM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Cutaneous Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2012; 1:166-171. [PMID: 24527299 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2011.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment of wounds results in accelerated wound closure, increased granulation tissue formation, and increased angiogenesis. These adult stem cells exert their therapeutic effects primarily by secreting soluble factors that regulate cellular responses to cutaneous injury. THE PROBLEM There is an urgent need for novel therapies for the treatment of wounds with delayed healing. Current treatment options for chronic nonhealing wounds and burns are limited and not always effective, despite significant advances in wound care including application of bioengineered skin equivalents and growth factors. BASIC/CLINICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES The three target articles advance the field by addressing critical gaps in knowledge about MSC function and mechanism during wound healing. The first target article provides the first evidence that MSCs regulate macrophage phenotype in wounds. The second target article demonstrates that diabetes mellitus impairs the ability of MSCs to promote wound healing and this can be rescued by a novel lipid mediator deficit in diabetic wounds. The final target article reports that the surgical technique of tissue expansion is enhanced by MSCs. CLINICAL CARE RELEVANCE MSC therapy suppresses inflammation in wounds and may be more effective when used in conjunction with other therapeutics that modulate the diabetic wound environment. It also shows potential as an adjunctive therapy for surgical tissue expansion. CONCLUSION MSCs represent promising emerging therapies for wounds with delayed healing such as chronic nonhealing wounds and burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Hocking
- Department of Surgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Smith AN, Muffley LA, Bell AN, Numhom S, Hocking AM. Unsaturated fatty acids induce mesenchymal stem cells to increase secretion of angiogenic mediators. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3225-33. [PMID: 22105830 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent emerging cell-based therapies for diabetes and associated complications. Ongoing clinical trials are using exogenous MSC to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-healing wounds due to diabetes. The majority of these trials are aimed at exploiting the ability of these multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to release soluble mediators that reduce inflammation and promote both angiogenesis and cell survival at sites of tissue damage. Growing evidence suggests that MSC secretion of soluble factors is dependent on tissue microenvironment. Despite the contribution of fatty acids to the metabolic environment of type 2 diabetes, almost nothing is known about their effects on MSC secretion of growth factors and cytokines. In this study, human bone marrow-derived MSC were exposed to linoleic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, or oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, for seven days in the presence of 5.38 mM glucose. Outcomes measured included MSC proliferation, gene expression, protein secretion and chemotaxis. Linoleic and oleic acids inhibited MSC proliferation and altered MSC expression and secretion of known mediators of angiogenesis. Both unsaturated fatty acids induced MSC to increase secretion of interleukin-6, VEGF and nitric oxide. In addition, linoleic acid but not oleic acid induced MSC to increase production of interleukin-8. Collectively these data suggest that exposure to fatty acids may have functional consequences for MSC therapy. Fatty acids may affect MSC engraftment to injured tissue and MSC secretion of cytokines and growth factors that regulate local cellular responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria N Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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Ma Y, Lindsey ML, Halade GV. DHA derivatives of fish oil as dietary supplements: a nutrition-based drug discovery approach for therapies to prevent metabolic cardiotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:711-21. [PMID: 22724444 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.694862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the early 1970s, Danish physicians Jorn Dyerberg and colleagues observed that Greenland Eskimos consuming fatty fishes exhibited low incidences of heart disease. Fish oil is now one of the most commonly consumed dietary supplements. In 2004, concentrated fish oil was approved as a drug by the FDA for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Fish oil contains two major omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). With advancements in lipid concentration and purification techniques, EPA- or DHA-enriched products are now commercially available, and the availability of these components in isolation allows their individual effects to be examined. Newly synthesized derivatives and endogenously discovered metabolites of DHA exhibit therapeutic utility for obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes our current knowledge on the distinct effects of EPA and DHA to prevent metabolic syndrome and reduce cardiotoxicity risk. Since EPA is an integral component of fish oil, we will briefly review EPA effects, but our main theme will be to summarize effects of the DHA derivatives that are available today. We focus on using nutrition-based drug discovery to explore the potential of DHA derivatives for the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. EXPERT OPINION The safety and efficacy evaluation of DHA derivatives will provide novel biomolecules for the drug discovery arsenal. Novel nutritional-based drug discoveries of DHA derivatives or metabolites may provide realistic and alternative strategies for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Defective wound healing is one of the most prominent clinical manifestations of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As the global rates of diabetes increase, a detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular defects that give rise to unresolved inflammation and delayed wound healing in diabetes is urgently required. Emerging evidence indicates that timely resolution of inflammation is mediated in part by endogenous proresolving lipid mediators, such as resolvins. Here, we review recent advances in the area of resolution and diabetes and highlight the potential of novel proresolving strategies for promoting wound healing in diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophage dysfunction is a critical underlying feature of altered wound healing in diabetic patients. This is associated with defective clearance of apoptotic cells, increased risk of infection, and altered angiogenesis. Diabetes and obesity are associated with chronic inflammation and altered biosynthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that promote the resolution of inflammation. Stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators improves metabolic parameters in diabetes, blunts systemic inflammation, restores defective macrophage phagocytosis, and accelerates wound healing in animal models of obesity and diabetes. SUMMARY Stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators may represent a novel strategy for promoting wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hellmann
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Yunan Tang
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
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Serhan CN, Dalli J, Karamnov S, Choi A, Park CK, Xu ZZ, Ji RR, Zhu M, Petasis NA. Macrophage proresolving mediator maresin 1 stimulates tissue regeneration and controls pain. FASEB J 2012; 26:1755-65. [PMID: 22253477 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-resolving inflammatory exudates and lipid mediator metabolomics recently uncovered a new family of potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediators biosynthesized by macrophages (MΦs), denoted maresins. Here we determined that maresin 1 (MaR1) produced by human MΦs from endogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) matched synthetic 7R,14S-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid. The MaR1 alcohol groups and Z/E geometry of conjugated double bonds were matched using isomers prepared by total organic synthesis. MaR1's potent defining actions were confirmed with synthetic MaR1, i.e., limiting polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in murine peritonitis (ng/mouse range) as well as enhancing human macrophage uptake of apoptotic PMNs. At 1 nM, MaR1 was slightly more potent than resolvin D1 in stimulating human MΦ efferocytosis, an action not shared by leukotriene B(4). MaR1 also accelerated surgical regeneration in planaria, increasing the rate of head reappearance. On injury of planaria, MaR1 was biosynthesized from deuterium-labeled (d(5))-DHA that was blocked with lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. MaR1 dose-dependently inhibited TRPV1 currents in neurons, blocked capsaicin (100 nM)-induced inward currents (IC(50) 0.49±0.02 nM), and reduced both inflammation- and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in mice. These results demonstrate the potent actions of MaR1 in regulating inflammation resolution, tissue regeneration, and pain resolution. These findings suggest that chemical signals are shared in resolution cellular trafficking, a key process in tissue regeneration. Moreover, immunoresolvents of the innate immune response, such as MaR1, offer new opportunities for assessing MΦs and their local DHA metabolome in the return to tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, HIM 829, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Tian H, Lu Y, Shah SP, Wang Q, Hong S. 14S,21R-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid treatment enhances mesenchymal stem cell amelioration of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1187-99. [PMID: 21846180 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential to improve treatment of renal failure. The prohealing functions of MSCs have been found to be enhanced by treatment with the lipid mediator, 14S,21R-dihydroxy-docosa4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid (14S,21R-diHDHA). In this article, using a murine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, we found that treatment with 14S,21R-diHDHA enhanced MSC amelioration of renal I/R injury. Treated MSCs more efficiently inhibited I/R-induced elevation of serum creatinine levels, reduced renal tubular cell death, and inhibited infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in kidneys. Conditioned medium from treated MSCs reduced the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α and reactive oxygen species by macrophages under I/R conditions. Infusion of treated MSCs more efficiently reduced I/R-damage to renal histological structures compared with untreated MSCs (injury score: 7.9±0.4 vs. 10.5±0.5). Treated MSCs were resistant to apoptosis in vivo when transplanted under capsules of I/R-injured kidneys (active caspase-3+ MSCs: 4.2%±2.8% vs. 11.7%±2.4% of control) and in vitro when cultured under I/R conditions. Treatment with 14S,21R-diHDHA promoted viability of MSCs through a mechanism involving activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase -Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, treatment of MSCs with 14S,21R-diHDHA promoted secretion of renotrophic hepatocyte growth factor and insulin growth factor-1. Similar results were obtained when 14S,21RdiHDHA was used to inhibit apoptosis of human MSCs (hMSCs) and to increase the generation of renotrophic cytokines from hMSCs. These findings provide a lead for new strategies in the treatment of acute kidney injury with MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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50
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Tian H, Lu Y, Shah SP, Hong S. Autacoid 14S,21R-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid counteracts diabetic impairment of macrophage prohealing functions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1780-91. [PMID: 21839062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired macrophage functions imposed by diabetic complications and the suppressed formation of 14S,21R-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid (14S,21R-diHDHA) in wounds contribute significantly to deficient wound healing in diabetics, but how are macrophage functions and 14S,21R-diHDHA formation associated? We studied 14S,21R-diHDHA generation from macrophages using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The role in macrophage-mediated wound healing functions was determined using a murine splinted excisional wound healing model and in vitro assays. 14S,21R-diHDHA acts as a macrophage-generated autacoid, and its attenuated formation in macrophages of diabetic db/db mice was accompanied by impairment of macrophage prohealing functions. 14S,21R-diHDHA restored db/db macrophage-impaired prohealing functions by promoting wound re-epithelialization, formulation of granulation tissue, and vascularization. Additionally, 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient macrophages, which are unable to produce 14S,21R-diHDHA, exhibited impaired prohealing functions, which also were restored by 14S,21R-diHDHA treatment. The molecular mechanism for 14S,21R-diHDHA-induced recovery of impaired prohealing functions of db/db macrophages involves enhancing their secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor BB, decreasing hyperglycemia-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, and increasing IL-10 expression under inflammatory stimulation. Taken together, these results indicate that deficiency of 14S,21R-diHDHA formation by diabetic macrophages contributes to their impaired prohealing functions. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into wound healing in diabetics and suggest the possibility of using autologous macrophages/monocytes, treated with 14S,21R-diHDHA, or related compounds, to promote diabetes-impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Tian
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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