1
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Xing Y, Huang L, Jian Y, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Zhang X, Fu T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X. GORASP2 promotes phagophore closure and autophagosome maturation into autolysosomes. Autophagy 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39056394 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2375785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the central hub of the secretory pathway, the Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to stresses. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of the Golgi tether, GORASP2, in facilitating autophagosome-lysosome fusion by connecting LC3-II and LAMP2 during nutrient starvation. However, the precise mechanism remains elusive. In this study, utilizing super-resolution microscopy, we observed GORASP2 localization on the surface of autophagosomes during glucose starvation. Depletion of GORASP2 hindered phagophore closure by regulating the association between VPS4A and the ESCRT-III component, CHMP2A. Furthermore, we found that GORASP2 controls RAB7A activity by modulating its GEF complex, MON1A-CCZ1, thereby impacting RAB7A's interaction with the HOPS complex. The assembly of both STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 and YKT6-SNAP29-STX7 SNARE complexes was also attenuated without GORASP2. These findings suggest that GORASP2 helps seal autophagosomes and activate the RAB7A-HOPS-SNAREs membrane fusion machinery for autophagosome maturation, highlighting its membrane tethering function in response to stresses.Abbreviations: BafA1: bafilomycin A1; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FPP: fluorescence protease protection; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GORASP2: golgi reassembly stacking protein 2; GSB: glucose starvation along with bafilomycin A1; HOPS: homotypic fusion and protein sorting; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PK: proteinase K; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SIM: structured illumination microscopy; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Xing
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yannan Jian
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Deng L, Solichin MR, Adyaksa DNM, Septianastiti MA, Fitri RA, Suwardan GNR, Matsui C, Abe T, Shoji I. Cellular Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles via Endosomal Pathways. Viruses 2023; 15:2430. [PMID: 38140670 PMCID: PMC10747773 DOI: 10.3390/v15122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The release of infectious HCV particles from infected hepatocytes is a crucial step in viral dissemination and disease progression. While the exact mechanisms of HCV particle release remain poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that HCV utilizes intracellular membrane trafficking and secretory pathways. These pathways include the Golgi secretory pathway and the endosomal trafficking pathways, such as the recycling endosome pathway and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway. This review provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the release of infectious HCV particles, with a particular focus on the involvement of the host cell factors that participate in HCV particle release. By summarizing the current knowledge in this area, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of endosomal pathways involved in the extracellular release of HCV particles and the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Muchamad Ridotu Solichin
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Nyoman Murti Adyaksa
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maria Alethea Septianastiti
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rhamadianti Aulia Fitri
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardan
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali 80361, Indonesia
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
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3
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Cada AK, Pavlin MR, Castillo JP, Tong AB, Larsen KP, Ren X, Yokom AL, Tsai FC, Shiah JV, Bassereau PM, Bustamante CJ, Hurley JH. Friction-driven membrane scission by the human ESCRT-III proteins CHMP1B and IST1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204536119. [PMID: 35858336 PMCID: PMC9303997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204536119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system is an ancient and ubiquitous membrane scission machinery that catalyzes the budding and scission of membranes. ESCRT-mediated scission events, exemplified by those involved in the budding of HIV-1, are usually directed away from the cytosol ("reverse topology"), but they can also be directed toward the cytosol ("normal topology"). The ESCRT-III subunits CHMP1B and IST1 can coat and constrict positively curved membrane tubes, suggesting that these subunits could catalyze normal topology membrane severing. CHMP1B and IST1 bind and recruit the microtubule-severing AAA+ ATPase spastin, a close relative of VPS4, suggesting that spastin could have a VPS4-like role in normal-topology membrane scission. Here, we reconstituted the process in vitro using membrane nanotubes pulled from giant unilamellar vesicles using an optical trap in order to determine whether CHMP1B and IST1 are capable of membrane severing on their own or in concert with VPS4 or spastin. CHMP1B and IST1 copolymerize on membrane nanotubes, forming stable scaffolds that constrict the tubes, but do not, on their own, lead to scission. However, CHMP1B-IST1 scaffolded tubes were severed when an additional extensional force was applied, consistent with a friction-driven scission mechanism. We found that spastin colocalized with CHMP1B-enriched sites but did not disassemble the CHMP1B-IST1 coat from the membrane. VPS4 resolubilized CHMP1B and IST1 without leading to scission. These observations show that the CHMP1B-IST1 ESCRT-III combination is capable of severing membranes by a friction-driven mechanism that is independent of VPS4 and spastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. King Cada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mark R. Pavlin
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan P. Castillo
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alexander B. Tong
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin P. Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Adam L. Yokom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences & Letters, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Jamie V. Shiah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Patricia M. Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences & Letters, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Carlos J. Bustamante
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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4
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Blanch Jover A, De Franceschi N, Fenel D, Weissenhorn W, Dekker C. The archaeal division protein CdvB1 assembles into polymers that are depolymerized by CdvC. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:958-969. [PMID: 35238034 PMCID: PMC9542132 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cdv proteins constitute the cell division system of the Crenarchaea, a machinery closely related to the ESCRT system of eukaryotes. Using a combination of TEM imaging and biochemical assays, we here present an in vitro study of Metallosphaera sedula CdvB1, the Cdv protein that is believed to play a major role in the constricting ring that drives cell division in the Crenarchaea. We show that CdvB1 self-assembles into filaments that are depolymerized by the Vps4-homolog ATPase CdvC. Furthermore, we find that CdvB1 binds to negatively charged lipid membranes and can be detached from the membrane by the action of CdvC. Our findings provide novel insight into one of the main components of the archaeal cell division machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Blanch Jover
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola De Franceschi
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daphna Fenel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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5
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced ROS/JNK signaling pathway activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch to promote the release of HCV particles via polyubiquitylation of VPS4A. J Virol 2022; 96:e0181121. [PMID: 35044214 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01811-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection activates the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. However, the roles of ROS/JNK activation in the HCV life cycle still remain unclear. We sought to identify a novel role of ROS/JNK signaling pathway in the HCV life cycle. Immunoblot analysis revealed that HCV-induced ROS/JNK activation promoted phosphorylation of Itch, a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to activation of Itch. The siRNA-knockdown of Itch significantly reduced the extracellular HCV infectivity titers, HCV RNA, and HCV core protein without affecting intracellular HCV infectivity titers, HCV RNA, and HCV proteins, suggesting that Itch is involved in release of HCV particles. HCV-mediated JNK/Itch activation specifically promoted polyubiquitylation of an AAA-type ATPase VPS4A, but not VPS4B, required to form multivesicular bodies. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that two lysine residues (K23 and K121) on VPS4A were important for VPS4A polyubiquitylation. The siRNA-knockdown of VPS4A, but not VPS4B, significantly reduced extracellular HCV infectivity titers. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that HCV infection specifically enhanced the interaction between CHMP1B, a subunit of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III complex, and VPS4A, but not VPS4B, whereas VPS4A K23R/K121R greatly reduced the interaction with CHMP1B. HCV infection significantly increased ATPase activity of VPS4A, but not VPS4A K23R/K121R or VPS4B, suggesting that HCV-mediated polyubiquitylation of VPS4A contributes to activation of VPS4A. Taken together, we propose that HCV-induced ROS/JNK/Itch signaling pathway promotes VPS4A polyubiquitylation, leading to enhanced VPS4A-CHMP1B interaction and promotion of VPS4A ATPase activity, thereby promoting the release of HCV particles. IMPORTANCE ROS/JNK signaling pathway contributes to liver diseases, including steatosis, metabolic disorders, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously reported that HCV activates the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, leading to the enhancement of hepatic gluconeogenesis and apoptosis induction. This study further demonstrates that HCV-induced ROS/JNK signaling pathway activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch to promote release of HCV particles via polyubiquitylation of VPS4A. We provide evidence suggesting that HCV infection promotes the ROS/JNK/Itch signaling pathway and ESCRT/VPS4A machinery to release infectious HCV particles. Our results may lead to a better understanding of the mechanistic details of HCV particle release.
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6
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Khan YA, White KI, Brunger AT. The AAA+ superfamily: a review of the structural and mechanistic principles of these molecular machines. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:156-187. [PMID: 34632886 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ proteins) are a superfamily of proteins found throughout all domains of life. The hallmark of this family is a conserved AAA+ domain responsible for a diverse range of cellular activities. Typically, AAA+ proteins transduce chemical energy from the hydrolysis of ATP into mechanical energy through conformational change, which can drive a variety of biological processes. AAA+ proteins operate in a variety of cellular contexts with diverse functions including disassembly of SNARE proteins, protein quality control, DNA replication, ribosome assembly, and viral replication. This breadth of function illustrates both the importance of AAA+ proteins in health and disease and emphasizes the importance of understanding conserved mechanisms of chemo-mechanical energy transduction. This review is divided into three major portions. First, the core AAA+ fold is presented. Next, the seven different clades of AAA+ proteins and structural details and reclassification pertaining to proteins in each clade are described. Finally, two well-known AAA+ proteins, NSF and its close relative p97, are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf A Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K Ian White
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Axel T Brunger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Tseng CC, Dean S, Davies BA, Azmi IF, Pashkova N, Payne JA, Staffenhagen J, West M, Piper RC, Odorizzi G, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 stimulates Vps4 to promote intralumenal vesicle formation during multivesicular body biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212434. [PMID: 34160559 PMCID: PMC8240856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III) execute cargo sorting and intralumenal vesicle (ILV) formation during conversion of endosomes to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The AAA-ATPase Vps4 regulates the ESCRT-III polymer to facilitate membrane remodeling and ILV scission during MVB biogenesis. Here, we show that the conserved V domain of ESCRT-associated protein Bro1 (the yeast homologue of mammalian proteins ALIX and HD-PTP) directly stimulates Vps4. This activity is required for MVB cargo sorting. Furthermore, the Bro1 V domain alone supports Vps4/ESCRT–driven ILV formation in vivo without efficient MVB cargo sorting. These results reveal a novel activity of the V domains of Bro1 homologues in licensing ESCRT-III–dependent ILV formation and suggest a role in coordinating cargo sorting with membrane remodeling during MVB sorting. Moreover, ubiquitin binding enhances V domain stimulation of Vps4 to promote ILV formation via the Bro1–Vps4–ESCRT-III axis, uncovering a novel role for ubiquitin during MVB biogenesis in addition to facilitating cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shirley Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ishara F Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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8
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Abstract
The emergence of the endomembrane system is a key step in the evolution of cellular complexity during eukaryogenesis. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is essential and required for the endomembrane system functions in eukaryotic cells. Recently, genes encoding eukaryote-like ESCRT protein components have been identified in the genomes of Asgard archaea, a newly proposed archaeal superphylum that is thought to include the closest extant prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes. However, structural and functional features of Asgard ESCRT remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that Vps4, Vps2/24/46, and Vps20/32/60, the core functional components of the Asgard ESCRT, coevolved eukaryote-like structural and functional features. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Asgard Vps4, Vps2/24/46, and Vps20/32/60 are closely related to their eukaryotic counterparts. Molecular dynamics simulation and biochemical assays indicate that Asgard Vps4 contains a eukaryote-like microtubule-interacting and transport (MIT) domain that binds the distinct type 1 MIT-interacting motif and type 2 MIT-interacting motif in Vps2/24/46 and Vps20/32/60, respectively. The Asgard Vps4 partly, but much more efficiently than homologs from other archaea, complements the vps4 null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, further supporting the functional similarity between the membrane remodeling machineries of Asgard archaea and eukaryotes. Thus, this work provides evidence that the ESCRT complexes from Asgard archaea and eukaryotes are evolutionarily related and functionally similar. Thus, despite the apparent absence of endomembranes in Asgard archaea, the eukaryotic ESCRT seems to have been directly inherited from an Asgard ancestor, to become a key component of the emerging endomembrane system.IMPORTANCE The discovery of Asgard archaea has changed the existing ideas on the origins of eukaryotes. Researchers propose that eukaryotic cells evolved from Asgard archaea. This hypothesis partly stems from the presence of multiple eukaryotic signature proteins in Asgard archaea, including homologs of ESCRT proteins that are essential components of the endomembrane system in eukaryotes. However, structural and functional features of Asgard ESCRT remain unknown. Our study provides evidence that Asgard ESCRT is functionally comparable to the eukaryotic counterparts, suggesting that despite the apparent absence of endomembranes in archaea, eukaryotic ESCRT was inherited from an Asgard archaeal ancestor, alongside the emergence of endomembrane system during eukaryogenesis.
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9
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Xie Q, Chen A, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Hu Y, Luo Z, Wang B, Yun Y, Zhou J, Li G, Wang Z. ESCRT-III accessory proteins regulate fungal development and plant infection in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1041-1055. [PMID: 30927052 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitinated biosynthetic and surface proteins destined for degradation are sorted into the lysosome/vacuole via the multivesicular body sorting pathway, which depends on the function of ESCRT machinery. Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases for wheat and barley worldwide. To better understand the role of ESCRT machinery in F. graminearum, we investigated the function of ESCRT-III accessory proteins FgVps60, FgDid2 and FgIst1 in this study. FgVps60-GFP, FgDid2-GFP and FgIst1-GFP are localized to punctate structures adjacent to the vacuolar membrane except for FgIst1-GFP that is also found in the nucleus. Then, the gene deletion mutants ΔFgvps60, ΔFgdid2 and ΔFgist1 displayed defective growth to a different extent. ΔFgvps60 and ΔFgdid2 but not ΔFgist1 also showed significant reduction in hydrophobicity on cell surface, conidiation, perithecia production and virulence. Interestingly, ΔFgist1 mutant produced a significantly higher level of DON while showing a minor reduction in pathogenicity. Microscopic analyses revealed that FgVps60 but not FgIst1 and FgDid2 is necessary for endocytosis. Moreover, spontaneous mutations were identified in the ΔFgvps60 mutant that partially rescued its defects in growth and conidiation. Taken together, we conclude that ESCRT-III accessory proteins play critical roles in growth, reproduction and plant infection in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ahai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengkang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Yun
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 73104, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 73104, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China.
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10
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McCullough J, Frost A, Sundquist WI. Structures, Functions, and Dynamics of ESCRT-III/Vps4 Membrane Remodeling and Fission Complexes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:85-109. [PMID: 30095293 PMCID: PMC6241870 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway mediates cellular membrane remodeling and fission reactions. The pathway comprises five core complexes: ALIX, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and Vps4. These soluble complexes are typically recruited to target membranes by site-specific adaptors that bind one or both of the early-acting ESCRT factors: ALIX and ESCRT-I/ESCRT-II. These factors, in turn, nucleate assembly of ESCRT-III subunits into membrane-bound filaments that recruit the AAA ATPase Vps4. Together, ESCRT-III filaments and Vps4 remodel and sever membranes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structures, activities, and mechanisms of the ESCRT-III and Vps4 machinery, including the first high-resolution structures of ESCRT-III filaments, the assembled Vps4 enzyme in complex with an ESCRT-III substrate, the discovery that ESCRT-III/Vps4 complexes can promote both inside-out and outside-in membrane fission reactions, and emerging mechanistic models for ESCRT-mediated membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McCullough
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA;
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA;
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11
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Lin J, Wang K, Xia X, Shen L. Quantification of Multivalency in Protein-Oligomer-Coated Nanoparticles Targeting Dynamic Membrane Glycan Receptors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8415-8421. [PMID: 29958494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent binding of proteins to glycan receptors on the host cell quantitatively controls the initial adhesion of most viruses. However, quantifying such multivalency in terms of binding valency has always been a challenge because of the hierarchy of multivalency involving multiple protein oligomers on the virus, limiting our understanding of virus adhesion and virulence. To address this challenge, we mimicked virus adhesion to cell surfaces by attaching protein-oligomer-coated nanoparticles (NPs) to fluidic glycolipid membranes with surface glycan density varying over 4 orders of magnitude. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to track single attached NPs, we show that the binding isotherms exhibit two regions, attributed to monovalent and multivalent protein/glycan interactions at low and high glycan densities, respectively. The bimodal binding curve allows the quantification of the different valency and binding constants of monovalent and multivalent interactions. In addition, the competitive inhibition of multivalency by the glycopolymer presenting multiple glycan moieties is quantitatively appreciated. This work is essential to mapping and understanding the complex binding specificities of glycan-binding proteins and inhibitory drug designs and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Lei Shen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , China
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12
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Kalinowska K, Isono E. All roads lead to the vacuole-autophagic transport as part of the endomembrane trafficking network in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1313-1324. [PMID: 29165603 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate their development and response to the changing environment by sensing and interpreting environmental signals. Intracellular trafficking pathways including endocytic-, vacuolar-, and autophagic trafficking are important for the various aspects of responses in plants. Studies in the last decade have shown that the autophagic transport pathway uses common key components of endomembrane trafficking as well as specific regulators. A number of factors previously described for their function in endosomal trafficking have been discovered to be involved in the regulation of autophagy in plants. These include conserved endocytic machineries, such as the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), subunits of the HOPS and exocyst complexes, SNAREs, and RAB GTPases as well as plant-specific proteins. Defects in these factors have been shown to cause impairment of autophagosome formation, transport, fusion, and degradation, suggesting crosstalk between autophagy and other intracellular trafficking processes. In this review, we focus mainly on possible functions of endosomal trafficking components in autophagy.
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13
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Pöhler R, Krahn JH, van den Boom J, Dobrynin G, Kaschani F, Eggenweiler HM, Zenke FT, Kaiser M, Meyer H. A Non-Competitive Inhibitor of VCP/p97 and VPS4 Reveals Conserved Allosteric Circuits in Type I and II AAA ATPases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pöhler
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Jan H. Krahn
- Chemical Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dobrynin
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemical Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Eggenweiler
- Medicinal Chemistry DA and Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Global R&D, Healthcare; Merck KGaA; Frankfurter Str. 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Frank T. Zenke
- Medicinal Chemistry DA and Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Global R&D, Healthcare; Merck KGaA; Frankfurter Str. 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemical Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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14
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Pöhler R, Krahn JH, van den Boom J, Dobrynin G, Kaschani F, Eggenweiler HM, Zenke FT, Kaiser M, Meyer H. A Non-Competitive Inhibitor of VCP/p97 and VPS4 Reveals Conserved Allosteric Circuits in Type I and II AAA ATPases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1576-1580. [PMID: 29271116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AAA ATPases have pivotal functions in diverse cellular processes essential for survival and proliferation. Revealing strategies for chemical inhibition of this class of enzymes is therefore of great interest for the development of novel chemotherapies or chemical tools. Here, we characterize the compound MSC1094308 as a reversible, allosteric inhibitor of the type II AAA ATPase human ubiquitin-directed unfoldase (VCP)/p97 and the type I AAA ATPase VPS4B. Subsequent proteomic, genetic and biochemical studies indicate that MSC1094308 binds to a previously characterized drugable hotspot of p97, thereby inhibiting the D2 ATPase activity. Our results furthermore indicate that a similar allosteric site exists in VPS4B, suggesting conserved allosteric circuits and drugable sites in both type I and II AAA ATPases. Our results may thus guide future chemical tool and drug discovery efforts for the biomedically relevant AAA ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pöhler
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan H Krahn
- Chemical Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dobrynin
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemical Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Eggenweiler
- Medicinal Chemistry DA and Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Global R&D, Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank T Zenke
- Medicinal Chemistry DA and Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Global R&D, Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemical Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
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15
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Adell MAY, Migliano SM, Upadhyayula S, Bykov YS, Sprenger S, Pakdel M, Vogel GF, Jih G, Skillern W, Behrouzi R, Babst M, Schmidt O, Hess MW, Briggs JA, Kirchhausen T, Teis D. Recruitment dynamics of ESCRT-III and Vps4 to endosomes and implications for reverse membrane budding. eLife 2017; 6:31652. [PMID: 29019322 PMCID: PMC5665648 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery mediates reverse membrane scission. By quantitative fluorescence lattice light-sheet microscopy, we have shown that ESCRT-III subunits polymerize rapidly on yeast endosomes, together with the recruitment of at least two Vps4 hexamers. During their 3–45 s lifetimes, the ESCRT-III assemblies accumulated 75–200 Snf7 and 15–50 Vps24 molecules. Productive budding events required at least two additional Vps4 hexamers. Membrane budding was associated with continuous, stochastic exchange of Vps4 and ESCRT-III components, rather than steady growth of fixed assemblies, and depended on Vps4 ATPase activity. An all-or-none step led to final release of ESCRT-III and Vps4. Tomographic electron microscopy demonstrated that acute disruption of Vps4 recruitment stalled membrane budding. We propose a model in which multiple Vps4 hexamers (four or more) draw together several ESCRT-III filaments. This process induces cargo crowding and inward membrane buckling, followed by constriction of the nascent bud neck and ultimately ILV generation by vesicle fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alonso Y Adell
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simona M Migliano
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Yury S Bykov
- Structural and Computational Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Sprenger
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mehrshad Pakdel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gloria Jih
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Wesley Skillern
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Reza Behrouzi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Markus Babst
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, United States.,Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Utah, United States
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Ag Briggs
- Structural and Computational Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Growing functions of the ESCRT machinery in cell biology and viral replication. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:613-634. [PMID: 28620025 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The vast expansion in recent years of the cellular processes promoted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has reinforced its identity as a modular system that uses multiple adaptors to recruit the core membrane remodelling activity at different intracellular sites and facilitate membrane scission. Functional connections to processes such as the aurora B-dependent abscission checkpoint also highlight the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of the ESCRT machinery. Here, we summarise the role of ESCRTs in viral budding, and what we have learned about the ESCRT pathway from studying this process. These advances are discussed in the context of areas of cell biology that have been transformed by research in the ESCRT field, including cytokinetic abscission, nuclear envelope resealing and plasma membrane repair.
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17
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Lippincott-Schwartz J, Freed EO, van Engelenburg SB. A Consensus View of ESCRT-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Abscission. Annu Rev Virol 2017; 4:309-325. [PMID: 28715971 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The strong dependence of retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), on host cell factors is no more apparent than when the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is purposely disengaged. The resulting potent inhibition of retrovirus release underscores the importance of understanding fundamental structure-function relationships at the ESCRT-HIV-1 interface. Recent studies utilizing advanced imaging technologies have helped clarify these relationships, overcoming hurdles to provide a range of potential models for ESCRT-mediated virus abscission. Here, we discuss these models in the context of prior work detailing ESCRT machinery and the HIV-1 release process. To provide a template for further refinement, we propose a new working model for ESCRT-mediated HIV-1 release that reconciles disparate and seemingly conflicting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E O Freed
- The Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701
| | - S B van Engelenburg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210;
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18
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Post-translational control of T cell development by the ESCRT protein CHMP5. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:780-790. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Monroe N, Han H, Shen PS, Sundquist WI, Hill CP. Structural basis of protein translocation by the Vps4-Vta1 AAA ATPase. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28379137 PMCID: PMC5413351 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many important cellular membrane fission reactions are driven by ESCRT pathways, which culminate in disassembly of ESCRT-III polymers by the AAA ATPase Vps4. We report a 4.3 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the active Vps4 hexamer with its cofactor Vta1, ADP·BeFx, and an ESCRT-III substrate peptide. Four Vps4 subunits form a helix whose interfaces are consistent with ATP binding, is stabilized by Vta1, and binds the substrate peptide. The fifth subunit approximately continues this helix but appears to be dissociating. The final Vps4 subunit completes a notched-washer configuration as if transitioning between the ends of the helix. We propose that ATP binding propagates growth at one end of the helix while hydrolysis promotes disassembly at the other end, so that Vps4 ‘walks’ along ESCRT-III until it encounters the ordered N-terminal domain to destabilize the ESCRT-III lattice. This model may be generally applicable to other protein-translocating AAA ATPases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24487.001 Membranes surround multiple compartments within cells as well as the cell itself. In living cells, these membranes are remodeled continuously. This allows cells to divide, move molecules between different compartments and perform other essential activities. One important remodeling event is known as fission, which splits a membrane into separate parts. Large repeating structures (or polymers) of ESCRT-III proteins play a crucial role in membrane fission. Breaking apart ESCRT-III polymers triggers membrane fission and also recycles the ESCRT-III proteins so that they can be used again. An enzyme called Vps4 converts chemical energy (stored in the form of a molecule called ATP) into the mechanical force that breaks apart the ESCRT-III polymers. The active form of Vps4 consists of six Vps4 subunits working together to form a complex that includes a cofactor protein called Vta1. Monroe et al. have now used a technique called cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of an active yeast Vps4-Vta1 complex while it is bound to a segment of an ESCRT-III protein. This revealed that four of the six Vps4 subunits form a helix (which resembles a spiral staircase) that binds ESCRT-III in its central pore. The structure implies that binding of ATP causes the Vps4 helix to grow at one end and that converting ATP into a molecule called ADP (to release energy) causes disassembly at the other end. The two additional Vps4 subunits move from the disassembling end to the growing end of the helix. In this manner, Vps4 ‘walks’ along ESCRT-III, thereby pulling it through the pore at the center of the Vps4 complex and triggering breakdown of the ESCRT-III polymer. Further work is now needed to understand exactly how this activity leads to membrane fission. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24487.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Monroe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Peter S Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Christopher P Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
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20
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Abstract
The narrow membrane necks formed during viral, exosomal and intra-endosomal budding from membranes, as well as during cytokinesis and related processes, have interiors that are contiguous with the cytosol. Severing these necks involves action from the opposite face of the membrane as occurs during the well-characterized formation of coated vesicles. This 'reverse' (or 'inverse')-topology membrane scission is carried out by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins, which form filaments, flat spirals, tubes and conical funnels that are thought to direct membrane remodelling and scission. Their assembly, and their disassembly by the ATPase vacuolar protein sorting-associated 4 (VPS4) have been intensively studied, but the mechanism of scission has been elusive. New insights from cryo-electron microscopy and various types of spectroscopy may finally be close to rectifying this situation.
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21
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Christ L, Wenzel EM, Liestøl K, Raiborg C, Campsteijn C, Stenmark H. ALIX and ESCRT-I/II function as parallel ESCRT-III recruiters in cytokinetic abscission. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:499-513. [PMID: 26929449 PMCID: PMC4772496 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division, is mediated by the ESCRT machinery. Here, Christ et al. dissect the regulation of ESCRT-III recruitment and abscission timing and identify an intersection with abscission checkpoint signaling in cells with chromatin bridges. Cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division where the two daughter cells are separated, is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. The ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B is a key effector in abscission, whereas its paralogue, CHMP4C, is a component in the abscission checkpoint that delays abscission until chromatin is cleared from the intercellular bridge. How recruitment of these components is mediated during cytokinesis remains poorly understood, although the ESCRT-binding protein ALIX has been implicated. Here, we show that ESCRT-II and the ESCRT-II–binding ESCRT-III subunit CHMP6 cooperate with ESCRT-I to recruit CHMP4B, with ALIX providing a parallel recruitment arm. In contrast to CHMP4B, we find that recruitment of CHMP4C relies predominantly on ALIX. Accordingly, ALIX depletion leads to furrow regression in cells with chromosome bridges, a phenotype associated with abscission checkpoint signaling failure. Collectively, our work reveals a two-pronged recruitment of ESCRT-III to the cytokinetic bridge and implicates ALIX in abscission checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Christ
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva M Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Liestøl
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, N-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Coen Campsteijn
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0379 Oslo, Norway Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
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22
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Dores MR, Grimsey NJ, Mendez F, Trejo J. ALIX Regulates the Ubiquitin-Independent Lysosomal Sorting of the P2Y1 Purinergic Receptor via a YPX3L Motif. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157587. [PMID: 27301021 PMCID: PMC4907476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic sorting and lysosomal degradation are integral to the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. Upon ligand binding, classical GPCRs are activated, internalized and recycled or sorted to lysosomes for degradation, a process that requires receptor ubiquitination. However, recent studies have demonstrated that numerous GPCRs are sorted to lysosomes independent of receptor ubiquitination. Here, we describe an ubiquitin-independent lysosomal sorting pathway for the purinergic GPCR P2Y1. After activation, P2Y1 sorts to lysosomes for degradation independent of direct ubiquitination that is mediated by a YPX3L motif within the second intracellular loop that serves as a binding site for the adaptor protein ALIX. Depletion of ALIX or site-directed mutation of the YPX3L motif inhibits P2Y1 sorting into the lumen of multivesicular endosomes/lysosomes and degradation. These findings confirm the function of YPX3L motifs as lysosomal targeting sequences for GPCRs and demonstrate that ALIX mediates the ubiquitin-independent degradation of certain GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Dores
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States of America
| | - Neil J. Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Francisco Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Caillat C, Macheboeuf P, Wu Y, McCarthy AA, Boeri-Erba E, Effantin G, Göttlinger HG, Weissenhorn W, Renesto P. Asymmetric ring structure of Vps4 required for ESCRT-III disassembly. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8781. [PMID: 26632262 PMCID: PMC4686814 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar protein sorting 4 AAA-ATPase (Vps4) recycles endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT-III) polymers from cellular membranes. Here we present a 3.6-Å X-ray structure of ring-shaped Vps4 from Metallosphera sedula (MsVps4), seen as an asymmetric pseudohexamer. Conserved key interface residues are shown to be important for MsVps4 assembly, ATPase activity in vitro, ESCRT-III disassembly in vitro and HIV-1 budding. ADP binding leads to conformational changes within the protomer, which might propagate within the ring structure. All ATP-binding sites are accessible and the pseudohexamer binds six ATP with micromolar affinity in vitro. In contrast, ADP occupies one high-affinity and five low-affinity binding sites in vitro, consistent with conformational asymmetry induced on ATP hydrolysis. The structure represents a snapshot of an assembled Vps4 conformation and provides insight into the molecular motions the ring structure undergoes in a concerted action to couple ATP hydrolysis to ESCRT-III substrate disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Caillat
- Unit of Virus-Host Cell interactions (UVHCI), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Pauline Macheboeuf
- Unit of Virus-Host Cell interactions (UVHCI), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yuanfei Wu
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Andrew A. McCarthy
- Unit of Virus-Host Cell interactions (UVHCI), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Elisabetta Boeri-Erba
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University of Grenoble Alpes, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, 71 avenue des Martyrs F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Gregory Effantin
- Unit of Virus-Host Cell interactions (UVHCI), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Heinrich G. Göttlinger
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Unit of Virus-Host Cell interactions (UVHCI), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Renesto
- Unit of Virus-Host Cell interactions (UVHCI), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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24
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Monroe N, Hill CP. Meiotic Clade AAA ATPases: Protein Polymer Disassembly Machines. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:1897-911. [PMID: 26555750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic clade AAA ATPases (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), which were initially grouped on the basis of phylogenetic classification of their AAA ATPase cassette, include four relatively well characterized family members, Vps4, spastin, katanin and fidgetin. These enzymes all function to disassemble specific polymeric protein structures, with Vps4 disassembling the ESCRT-III polymers that are central to the many membrane-remodeling activities of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) pathway and spastin, katanin p60 and fidgetin affecting multiple aspects of cellular dynamics by severing microtubules. They share a common domain architecture that features an N-terminal MIT (microtubule interacting and trafficking) domain followed by a single AAA ATPase cassette. Meiotic clade AAA ATPases function as hexamers that can cycle between the active assembly and inactive monomers/dimers in a regulated process, and they appear to disassemble their polymeric substrates by translocating subunits through the central pore of their hexameric ring. Recent studies with Vps4 have shown that nucleotide-induced asymmetry is a requirement for substrate binding to the pore loops and that recruitment to the protein lattice via MIT domains also relieves autoinhibition and primes the AAA ATPase cassettes for substrate binding. The most striking, unifying feature of meiotic clade AAA ATPases may be their MIT domain, which is a module that is found in a wide variety of proteins that localize to ESCRT-III polymers. Spastin also displays an adjacent microtubule binding sequence, and the presence of both ESCRT-III and microtubule binding elements may underlie the recent findings that the ESCRT-III disassembly function of Vps4 and the microtubule-severing function of spastin, as well as potentially katanin and fidgetin, are highly coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Monroe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
| | - Christopher P Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA.
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25
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Tan J, Davies BA, Payne JA, Benson LM, Katzmann DJ. Conformational Changes in the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for the Transport III Subunit Ist1 Lead to Distinct Modes of ATPase Vps4 Regulation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30053-65. [PMID: 26515066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.665604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intralumenal vesicle formation of the multivesicular body is a critical step in the delivery of endocytic cargoes to the lysosome for degradation. Endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) subunits polymerize on endosomal membranes to facilitate membrane budding away from the cytoplasm to generate these intralumenal vesicles. The ATPase Vps4 remodels and disassembles ESCRT-III, but the manner in which Vps4 activity is coordinated with ESCRT-III function remains unclear. Ist1 is structurally homologous to ESCRT-III subunits and has been reported to inhibit Vps4 function despite the presence of a microtubule-interacting and trafficking domain-interacting motif (MIM) capable of stimulating Vps4 in the context of other ESCRT-III subunits. Here we report that Ist1 inhibition of Vps4 ATPase activity involves two elements in Ist1: the MIM itself and a surface containing a conserved ELYC sequence. In contrast, the MIM interaction, in concert with a more open conformation of the Ist1 core, resulted in stimulation of Vps4. Addition of the ESCRT-III subunit binding partner of Ist1, Did2, also converted Ist1 from an inhibitor to a stimulator of Vps4 ATPase activity. Finally, distinct regulation of Vps4 by Ist1 corresponded with altered ESCRT-III disassembly in vitro. Together, these data support a model in which Ist1-Did2 interactions during ESCRT-III polymerization coordinate Vps4 activity with the timing of ESCRT-III disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tan
- From the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Graduate School, and
| | | | | | - Linda M Benson
- Mayo Medical Genome Facility Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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26
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Han H, Monroe N, Votteler J, Shakya B, Sundquist WI, Hill CP. Binding of Substrates to the Central Pore of the Vps4 ATPase Is Autoinhibited by the Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking (MIT) Domain and Activated by MIT Interacting Motifs (MIMs). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13490-9. [PMID: 25833946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.642355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway drives reverse topology membrane fission events within multiple cellular pathways, including cytokinesis, multivesicular body biogenesis, repair of the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane vesicle formation, and HIV budding. The AAA ATPase Vps4 is recruited to membrane necks shortly before fission, where it catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT-III lattice. The N-terminal Vps4 microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains initially bind the C-terminal MIT-interacting motifs (MIMs) of ESCRT-III subunits, but it is unclear how the enzyme then remodels these substrates in response to ATP hydrolysis. Here, we report quantitative binding studies that demonstrate that residues from helix 5 of the Vps2p subunit of ESCRT-III bind to the central pore of an asymmetric Vps4p hexamer in a manner that is dependent upon the presence of flexible nucleotide analogs that can mimic multiple states in the ATP hydrolysis cycle. We also find that substrate engagement is autoinhibited by the Vps4p MIT domain and that this inhibition is relieved by binding of either Type 1 or Type 2 MIM elements, which bind the Vps4p MIT domain through different interfaces. These observations support the model that Vps4 substrates are initially recruited by an MIM-MIT interaction that activates the Vps4 central pore to engage substrates and generate force, thereby triggering ESCRT-III disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Nicole Monroe
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Jörg Votteler
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Binita Shakya
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Christopher P Hill
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
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27
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Vild CJ, Li Y, Guo EZ, Liu Y, Xu Z. A novel mechanism of regulating the ATPase VPS4 by its cofactor LIP5 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III protein CHMP5. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7291-303. [PMID: 25637630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disassembly of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery from biological membranes is a critical final step in cellular processes that require the ESCRT function. This reaction is catalyzed by VPS4, an AAA-ATPase whose activity is tightly regulated by a host of proteins, including LIP5 and the ESCRT-III proteins. Here, we present structural and functional analyses of molecular interactions between human VPS4, LIP5, and the ESCRT-III proteins. The N-terminal domain of LIP5 (LIP5NTD) is required for LIP5-mediated stimulation of VPS4, and the ESCRT-III protein CHMP5 strongly inhibits the stimulation. Both of these observations are distinct from what was previously described for homologous yeast proteins. The crystal structure of LIP5NTD in complex with the MIT (microtubule-interacting and transport)-interacting motifs of CHMP5 and a second ESCRT-III protein, CHMP1B, was determined at 1 Å resolution. It reveals an ESCRT-III binding induced moderate conformational change in LIP5NTD, which results from insertion of a conserved CHMP5 tyrosine residue (Tyr(182)) at the core of LIP5NTD structure. Mutation of Tyr(182) partially relieves the inhibition displayed by CHMP5. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism of VPS4 regulation in metazoans, where CHMP5 functions as a negative allosteric switch to control LIP5-mediated stimulation of VPS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Vild
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yan Li
- From the Life Sciences Institute and
| | | | - Yuan Liu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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28
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Davies BA, Norgan AP, Payne JA, Schulz ME, Nichols MD, Tan JA, Xu Z, Katzmann DJ. Vps4 stimulatory element of the cofactor Vta1 contacts the ATPase Vps4 α7 and α9 to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28707-18. [PMID: 25164817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) function in a variety of membrane remodeling processes including multivesicular body sorting, abscission during cytokinesis, budding of enveloped viruses, and repair of the plasma membrane. Vps4 ATPase activity modulates ESCRT function and is itself modulated by its cofactor Vta1 and its substrate ESCRT-III. The carboxyl-terminal Vta1/SBP-1/Lip5 (VSL) domain of Vta1 binds to the Vps4 β-domain to promote Vps4 oligomerization-dependent ATP hydrolysis. Additionally, the Vps4 stimulatory element (VSE) of Vta1 contributes to enhancing Vps4 oligomer ATP hydrolysis. The VSE is also required for Vta1-dependent stimulation of Vps4 by ESCRT-III subunits. However, the manner by which the Vta1 VSE contributes to Vps4 activation is unknown. Existing structural data were used to generate a model of the Vta1 VSE in complex with Vps4. This model implicated residues within the small ATPase associated with various activities (AAA) domain, specifically α-helices 7 and 9, as relevant contact sites. Rational generation of Vps4 mutants defective for VSE-mediated stimulation, as well as intergenic compensatory mutations, support the validity of this model. These findings have uncovered the Vps4 surface responsible for coordinating ESCRT-III-stimulated Vta1 input during ESCRT function and identified a novel mechanism of Vps4 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Davies
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Andrew P Norgan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Johanna A Payne
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Mary E Schulz
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, the Department of Biology, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911
| | - Micah D Nichols
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, Byron High School, Byron, Minnesota 55920, and
| | - Jason A Tan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David J Katzmann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,
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29
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Maemoto Y, Ono Y, Kiso S, Shibata H, Takahara T, Sorimachi H, Maki M. Involvement of calpain-7 in epidermal growth factor receptor degradation via the endosomal sorting pathway. FEBS J 2014; 281:3642-55. [PMID: 24953135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Calpain-7 (CAPN7) is a unique intracellular cysteine protease that has a tandem repeat of microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains and lacks a penta-EF-hand domain. Although the MIT domains of CAPN7 were previously shown to interact with a subset of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III and ESCRT-III-related proteins, including charged multivesicular body protein 1 and increased sodium tolerance (IST)1, knowledge of the involvement of the protease in membrane trafficking has been limited. In the present study, compared with control cells, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation was mildly delayed in CAPN7-knockdown HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells established from CAPN7 knockout (Capn7(-/-) ) mice. Re-expression of wild-type CAPN7 but not a protease-inactive mutant of CAPN7 (CAPN7(C290S) ) resulted in a recovery of the rate of EGFR degradation. We found, by immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, that monomeric GFP fused with the protease-inactive mutant of CAPN7 [monomeric green fluorescent protein (mGFP)-CAPN7(C290S) ] was mobilized to EGFR-positive endosomes upon epidermal growth factor stimulation in HeLa cells. Although mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) exhibited dominant-negative effects on EGFR degradation, a deletion mutant of MIT domains in mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) did not have such properties, suggesting that the interaction between the MIT domains and ESCRT proteins is important for the function of CAPN7. Moreover, we found that epidermal growth factor stimulation induces translocation of IST1 from the cytosol to endosomes positive in both EGFR and mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) . When IST1 was knocked down, mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) lost its co-localization with EGFR. These results demonstrate for the first time that the proteolytic activity of CAPN7 is important for the acceleration of EGFR degradation via the endosomal sorting pathway utilizing a part of the ESCRT system. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT EGFR and CAPN7 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction) EGFR, CAPN7 and IST1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction) EEA1 and CAPN7 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction) CAPN7 and LAMP1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maemoto
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
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30
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Adell MAY, Vogel GF, Pakdel M, Müller M, Lindner H, Hess MW, Teis D. Coordinated binding of Vps4 to ESCRT-III drives membrane neck constriction during MVB vesicle formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:33-49. [PMID: 24711499 PMCID: PMC3987140 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201310114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Five endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) mediate the degradation of ubiquitinated membrane proteins via multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in lysosomes. ESCRT-0, -I, and -II interact with cargo on endosomes. ESCRT-II also initiates the assembly of a ringlike ESCRT-III filament consisting of Vps20, Snf7, Vps24, and Vps2. The AAA-adenosine triphosphatase Vps4 disassembles and recycles the ESCRT-III complex, thereby terminating the ESCRT pathway. A mechanistic role for Vps4 in intraluminal vesicle (ILV) formation has been unclear. By combining yeast genetics, biochemistry, and electron tomography, we find that ESCRT-III assembly on endosomes is required to induce or stabilize the necks of growing MVB ILVs. Yet, ESCRT-III alone is not sufficient to complete ILV biogenesis. Rather, binding of Vps4 to ESCRT-III, coordinated by interactions with Vps2 and Snf7, is coupled to membrane neck constriction during ILV formation. Thus, Vps4 not only recycles ESCRT-III subunits but also cooperates with ESCRT-III to drive distinct membrane-remodeling steps, which lead to efficient membrane scission at the end of ILV biogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alonso Y Adell
- Division of Cell Biology and 2 Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter; and 3 Division of Histology and Embryology; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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31
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Vild CJ, Xu Z. Vfa1 binds to the N-terminal microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain of Vps4 and stimulates its ATPase activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10378-10386. [PMID: 24567329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.532960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) are responsible for multivesicular body biogenesis, membrane abscission during cytokinesis, and retroviral budding. They function as transiently assembled molecular complexes on the membrane, and their disassembly requires the action of the AAA-ATPase Vps4. Vps4 is regulated by a multitude of ESCRT and ESCRT-related proteins. Binding of these proteins to Vps4 is often mediated via the microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain of Vps4. Recently, a new Vps4-binding protein Vfa1 was identified in a yeast genetic screen, where overexpression of Vfa1 caused defects in vacuolar morphology. However, the function of Vfa1 and its role in vacuolar biology were largely unknown. Here, we provide the first detailed biochemical and biophysical study of Vps4-Vfa1 interaction. The MIT domain of Vps4 binds to the C-terminal 17 residues of Vfa1. This interaction is of high affinity and greatly stimulates the ATPase activity of Vps4. The crystal structure of the Vps4-Vfa1 complex shows that Vfa1 adopts a canonical MIT-interacting motif 2 structure that has been observed previously in other Vps4-ESCRT interactions. These findings suggest that Vfa1 is a novel positive regulator of Vps4 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Vild
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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32
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The oligomeric state of the active Vps4 AAA ATPase. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:510-25. [PMID: 24161953 PMCID: PMC3919030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) pathway drives membrane constriction toward the cytosol and effects membrane fission during cytokinesis, endosomal sorting, and the release of many enveloped viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus. A component of this pathway, the AAA ATPase Vps4, provides energy for pathway progression. Although it is established that Vps4 functions as an oligomer, subunit stoichiometry and other fundamental features of the functional enzyme are unclear. Here, we report that although some mutant Vps4 proteins form dodecameric assemblies, active wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Sulfolobus solfataricus Vps4 enzymes can form hexamers in the presence of ATP and ADP, as assayed by size-exclusion chromatography and equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. The Vta1p activator binds hexameric yeast Vps4p without changing the oligomeric state of Vps4p, implying that the active Vta1p-Vps4p complex also contains a single hexameric ring. Additionally, we report crystal structures of two different archaeal Vps4 homologs, whose structures and lattice interactions suggest a conserved mode of oligomerization. Disruption of the proposed hexamerization interface by mutagenesis abolished the ATPase activity of archaeal Vps4 proteins and blocked Vps4p function in S. cerevisiae. These data challenge the prevailing model that active Vps4 is a double-ring dodecamer, and argue that, like other type I AAA ATPases, Vps4 functions as a single ring with six subunits.
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33
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Schuh AL, Audhya A. The ESCRT machinery: from the plasma membrane to endosomes and back again. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:242-61. [PMID: 24456136 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.881777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation and reorganization of lipid bilayers are required for diverse cellular processes, ranging from organelle biogenesis to cytokinetic abscission, and often involves transient membrane disruption. A set of membrane-associated proteins collectively known as the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has been implicated in membrane scission steps, which transform a single, continuous bilayer into two distinct bilayers, while simultaneously segregating cargo throughout the process. Components of the ESCRT pathway, which include 5 distinct protein complexes and an array of accessory factors, each serve discrete functions. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which the ESCRT proteins facilitate cargo sequestration and membrane remodeling and highlights their unique roles in cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Schuh
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI , USA
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34
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Reyes FC, Buono RA, Roschzttardtz H, Di Rubbo S, Yeun LH, Russinova E, Otegui MS. A novel endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) component in Arabidopsis thaliana controls cell expansion and development. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:4980-8. [PMID: 24385429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.529685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ESCRT proteins mediate membrane remodeling and scission events and are essential for endosomal sorting of plasma membrane proteins for degradation. We have identified a novel, plant-specific ESCRT component called PROS (POSITIVE REGULATOR OF SKD1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. PROS has a strong positive effect on the in vitro ATPase activity of SKD1 (also known as Vacuolar Protein Sorting 4 or VPS4), a critical component required for ESCRT-III disassembly and endosomal vesiculation. PROS interacts with both SKD1 and the SKD1-positive regulator LIP5/VTA1. We have identified a putative MIM domain within PROS that mediate the interaction with the MIT domain of SKD1. Interestingly, whereas MIM domains are commonly found at the C terminus of ESCRT-III subunits, the PROS MIM domain is internal. The heterologous expression of PROS in yeast mutant cells lacking Vta1p partially rescues endosomal sorting defects. PROS is expressed in most tissues and cells types in Arabidopsis thaliana. Silencing of PROS leads to reduced cell expansion and abnormal organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca C Reyes
- From the Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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35
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Shestakova A, Curtiss M, Davies BA, Katzmann DJ, Babst M. The linker region plays a regulatory role in assembly and activity of the Vps4 AAA ATPase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26810-9. [PMID: 23913684 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.497032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The AAA-type ATPase Vps4 functions with components of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery in membrane fission events that are essential for endosomal maturation, cytokinesis, and the formation of retroviruses. A key step in these events is the assembly of monomeric Vps4 into the active ATPase complex, which is aided in part by binding of Vps4 via its N-terminal MIT (microtubule interacting and trafficking) domain to its substrate ESCRT-III. We found that the 40-amino acid linker region between the MIT and the ATPase domain of Vps4 is not required for proper function but plays a role in regulating Vps4 assembly and ATPase activity. Deletion of the linker is expected to bring the MIT domains into close proximity to the central pore of the Vps4 complex. We propose that this localization of the MIT domain in linker-deleted Vps4 mimics a repositioning of the MIT domain normally caused by binding of Vps4 to ESCRT-III. This structure would allow the Vps4 complex to engage ESCRT-III subunits with both the pore and the MIT domain simultaneously, which might be essential for the ATP-driven disassembly of ESCRT-III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shestakova
- From the Center for Cell and Genome Science and Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
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36
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Norgan AP, Davies BA, Azmi IF, Schroeder AS, Payne JA, Lynch GM, Xu Z, Katzmann DJ. Relief of autoinhibition enhances Vta1 activation of Vps4 via the Vps4 stimulatory element. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26147-26156. [PMID: 23880759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) impact multiple cellular processes including multivesicular body sorting, abscission, and viral budding. The AAA-ATPase Vps4 is required for ESCRT function, and its full activity is dependent upon the co-factor Vta1. The Vta1 carboxyl-terminal Vta1 SBP1 Lip5 (VSL) domain stimulates Vps4 function by facilitating oligomerization of Vps4 into its active state. Here we report the identification of the Vps4 stimulatory element (VSE) within Vta1 that is required for additional stimulation of Vps4 activity in vitro and in vivo. VSE activity is autoinhibited in a manner dependent upon the unstructured linker region joining the amino-terminal microtubule interacting and trafficking domains and the carboxyl-terminal VSL domain. The VSE is also required for Vta1-mediated Vps4 stimulation by ESCRT-III subunits Vps60 and Did2. These results suggest that ESCRT-III binding to the Vta1 microtubule interacting and trafficking domains relieves linker region autoinhibition of the VSE to produce maximal activation of Vps4 during ESCRT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Norgan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Brian A Davies
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ishara F Azmi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Andreas S Schroeder
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Johanna A Payne
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Gregory M Lynch
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,; Becker Middle School, Becker, Minnesota 55308, and
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David J Katzmann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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37
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Liu CC, Sun S, Sui SF. The role of the N-D1 linker of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor in the SNARE disassembly. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64346. [PMID: 23667709 PMCID: PMC3646813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) is a member of the type II AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) family. It plays a critical role in intracellular membrane trafficking by disassembling soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes. Each NSF protomer consists of an N-terminal domain (N domain) followed by two AAA ATPase domains (D1 and D2) in tandem. The N domain is required for SNARE/α-SNAP binding and the D1 domain accounts for the majority of ATP hydrolysis. Little is known about the role of the N-D1 linker in the NSF function. This study presents detailed mutagenesis analyses of NSF N-D1 linker, dissecting its role in the SNARE disassembly, the SNARE/α-SNAP complex binding, the basal ATPase activity and the SNARE/α-SNAP stimulated ATPase activity. Our results show that the N-terminal region of the N-D1 linker associated mutants cause severe defect in SNARE complex disassembly, but little effects on the SNARE/α-SNAP complex binding, the basal and the SNARE/α-SNAP stimulated ATPase activity, suggesting this region may be involved in the motion transmission from D1 to N domain. Mutating the residues in middle and C-terminal region of the N-D1 linker increases the basal ATPase activity, indicating it may play a role in autoinhibiting NSF activity until it encounters SNARE/α-SNAP complex substrate. Moreover, mutations at the C-terminal sequence GIGG exhibit completely abolished or severely reduced activities of the substrate binding, suggesting that the flexibility of N-D1 linker is critical for the movement of the N domain that is required for the substrate binding. Taken together, these data suggest that the whole N-D1 linker is critical for the biological function of NSF to disassemble SNARE complex substrate with different regions responsible for different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SS); (SFS)
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SS); (SFS)
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38
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Maemoto Y, Kiso S, Shibata H, Maki M. Analysis of limited proteolytic activity of calpain-7 using non-physiological substrates in mammalian cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:2594-607. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maemoto
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku; Japan
| | - Satomi Kiso
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku; Japan
| | - Hideki Shibata
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku; Japan
| | - Masatoshi Maki
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku; Japan
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39
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Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway was initially defined in yeast genetic screens that identified the factors necessary to sort membrane proteins into intraluminal endosomal vesicles. Subsequent studies have revealed that the mammalian ESCRT pathway also functions in a series of other key cellular processes, including formation of extracellular microvesicles, enveloped virus budding, and the abscission stage of cytokinesis. The core ESCRT machinery comprises Bro1 family proteins and ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and VPS4 complexes. Site-specific adaptors recruit these soluble factors to assemble on different cellular membranes, where they carry out membrane fission reactions. ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that draw membranes together from the cytoplasmic face, and mechanistic models have been advanced to explain how ESCRT-III filaments and the VPS4 ATPase can work together to catalyze membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McCullough
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA
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40
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Richter CM, West M, Odorizzi G. Doa4 function in ILV budding is restricted through its interaction with the Vps20 subunit of ESCRT-III. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1881-90. [PMID: 23444383 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III executes the formation of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes. Repeated cycles of ESCRT-III function requires disassembly of the complex by Vps4, an ATPase with a microtubule interaction and trafficking (MIT) domain that binds MIT-interacting motifs (MIM1 or MIM2) in ESCRT-III subunits. We identified a putative MIT domain at the N-terminus of Doa4, which is the ubiquitin (Ub) hydrolase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that deubiquitinates ILV cargo proteins. The Doa4 N-terminus is predicted to have the α-helical structure common to MIT domains, and it binds directly to a MIM1-like sequence in the Vps20 subunit of ESCRT-III. Disrupting this interaction does not prevent endosomal localization of Doa4 but enhances the defect in ILV cargo protein deubiquitination observed in cells lacking Bro1, which is an ESCRT-III effector protein that stimulates Doa4 catalytic activity. Deletion of the BRO1 gene (bro1Δ) blocks ILV budding, but ILV budding was rescued upon disrupting the interaction between Vps20 and Doa4. This rescue in ILV biogenesis requires Doa4 expression but is independent of its Ub hydrolase activity. Thus, binding of Vps20 to the Doa4 N-terminus inhibits a non-catalytic function of Doa4 that promotes ILV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Richter
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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41
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Malecka KA, Szentpetery Z, Peterson JR. Synergistic activation of p21-activated kinase 1 by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and Rho GTPases. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8887-97. [PMID: 23393142 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinhibited p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) can be activated in vitro by the plasma membrane-bound Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 as well as by the lipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). Activator binding is mediated by a GTPase-binding motif and an adjacent phosphoinositide-binding motif. Whether these two classes of activators play alternative, additive, or synergistic roles in Pak1 activation is unknown, as is their contributions to Pak1 activation in vivo. To address these questions, we developed a system to mimic the membrane anchoring of Rho GTPases by creating liposomes containing both PIP2 and a Ni(2+)-NTA modified lipid capable of binding hexahistidine-tagged Cdc42. We find that among all biologically relevant phosphoinositides, only PIP2 is able to synergistically activate Pak1 in concert with Cdc42. Membrane binding of the kinase was highly sensitive to the spatial density of PIP2 and Pak1 demonstrated dramatically enhanced affinity for Cdc42 anchored in a PIP2 environment. To validate these findings in vivo, we utilized an inducible recruitment system to drive the ectopic synthesis of PIP2 on Golgi membranes, which normally have active Cdc42 but lack significant concentrations of PIP2. Pak1 was recruited to PIP2-containing membranes in a manner dependent on the ability of Pak1 to bind to both PIP2 and Cdc42. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the essential role of both phosphoinositides and GTPases in Pak1 recruitment and activation. In contrast, Ack, another Cdc42 effector kinase that lacks an analogous phosphoinositide-binding motif, fails to show the same enhancement of membrane binding and activation by PIP2, thus indicating that regulation by PIP2 and Cdc42 could provide a combinatorial code for activation of different GTPase effectors in different subcellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Malecka
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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42
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 cerebellum identifies protein biomarkers and provides pathological insight. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47845. [PMID: 23144710 PMCID: PMC3483225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no definitive therapy. In NPC1, a pathological cascade including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis likely contribute to the clinical phenotype. While the genetic cause of NPC1 is known, we sought to gain a further understanding into the pathophysiology by identifying differentially expressed proteins in Npc1 mutant mouse cerebella. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, 77 differentially expressed proteins were identified in Npc1 mutant mice cerebella compared to controls. These include proteins involved in glucose metabolism, detoxification/oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease-related proteins. Furthermore, members of the fatty acid binding protein family, including FABP3, FABP5 and FABP7, were found to have altered expression in the Npc1 mutant cerebellum relative to control. Translating our findings from the murine model to patients, we confirm altered expression of glutathione s-transferase α, superoxide dismutase, and FABP3 in cerebrospinal fluid of NPC1 patients relative to pediatric controls. A subset of NPC1 patients on miglustat, a glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, showed significantly decreased levels of FABP3 compared to patients not on miglustat therapy. This study provides an initial report of dysregulated proteins in NPC1 which will assist with further investigation of NPC1 pathology and facilitate implementation of therapeutic trials.
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43
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Skalicky JJ, Arii J, Wenzel DM, Stubblefield WMB, Katsuyama A, Uter NT, Bajorek M, Myszka DG, Sundquist WI. Interactions of the human LIP5 regulatory protein with endosomal sorting complexes required for transport. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43910-26. [PMID: 23105106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.417899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway remodels membranes during multivesicular body biogenesis, the abscission stage of cytokinesis, and enveloped virus budding. The ESCRT-III and VPS4 ATPase complexes catalyze the membrane fission events associated with these processes, and the LIP5 protein helps regulate their interactions by binding directly to a subset of ESCRT-III proteins and to VPS4. We have investigated the biochemical and structural basis for different LIP5-ligand interactions and show that the first microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) module of the tandem LIP5 MIT domain binds CHMP1B (and other ESCRT-III proteins) through canonical type 1 MIT-interacting motif (MIM1) interactions. In contrast, the second LIP5 MIT module binds with unusually high affinity to a novel MIM element within the ESCRT-III protein CHMP5. A solution structure of the relevant LIP5-CHMP5 complex reveals that CHMP5 helices 5 and 6 and adjacent linkers form an amphipathic "leucine collar" that wraps almost completely around the second LIP5 MIT module but makes only limited contacts with the first MIT module. LIP5 binds MIM1-containing ESCRT-III proteins and CHMP5 and VPS4 ligands independently in vitro, but these interactions are coupled within cells because formation of stable VPS4 complexes with both LIP5 and CHMP5 requires LIP5 to bind both a MIM1-containing ESCRT-III protein and CHMP5. Our studies thus reveal how the tandem MIT domain of LIP5 binds different types of ESCRT-III proteins, promoting assembly of active VPS4 enzymes on the polymeric ESCRT-III substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Skalicky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA
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44
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Abstract
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are unique organelles in the endocytic pathway that contain vesicles in their lumen. Sorting and incorporation of material into such vesicles is a critical cellular process that has been intensely studied following discovery of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery just more than a decade ago. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the cellular functions of MVBs and how the ESCRT machinery contributes to MVB morphogenesis. We also highlight the importance of MVBs and ESCRTs in human health. We identify critical areas in which further mechanistic and spatiotemporal studies in living cells will advance this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis I Hanson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Vesicle-mediated cargo transport within the endomembrane system requires precise coordination between adaptor molecules, which recognize sorting signals on substrates, and factors that promote changes in membrane architecture. At endosomal compartments, a set of protein complexes collectively known as the ESCRT machinery sequesters transmembrane cargoes that harbor a ubiquitin modification and packages them into vesicles that bud into the endosome lumen. Several models have been postulated to describe this process. However, consensus in the field remains elusive. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding the structure and function of the ESCRT machinery, highlighting specific roles for ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-III in regulating cargo selection and vesicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Mayers
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School; Madison, WI USA
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46
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Ibl V, Csaszar E, Schlager N, Neubert S, Spitzer C, Hauser MT. Interactome of the plant-specific ESCRT-III component AtVPS2.2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:397-411. [PMID: 22010978 PMCID: PMC3252797 DOI: 10.1021/pr200845n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) guides transmembrane proteins to domains that bud away from the cytoplasm. The ESCRT machinery consists of four complexes. ESCRT complexes 0–II are important for cargo recognition and concentration via ubiquitin binding. Most of the membrane bending function is mediated by the large multimeric ESCRT-III complex and associated proteins. Here we present the first in vivo proteome analysis of a member of the ESCRT-III complex which is unique to the plant kingdom. We show with LC–MS/MS, yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) that coimmunoprecipitated proteins from Arabidopsisthaliana roots expressing a functional GFP-tagged VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING 2.2 (AtVPS2.2) protein are members of the ESCRT-III complex and associated proteins. Therefore we propose that at least in plants the large ESCRT-III membrane scaffolding complex consists of a mixture of SNF7, VPS2 and the associated VPS46 and VPS60 proteins. Apart from transmembrane proteins, numerous membrane-associated but also nuclear and extracellular proteins have been identified, indicating that AtVPS2.2 might be involved in processes beyond the classical ESCRT role. This study is the first in vivo proteome analysis with a tagged ESCRT-III component demonstrating the feasibility of this approach and provides numerous starting points for the investigation of the biological process in which AtVPS2.2 is involved. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) guides transmembrane proteins to domains that bud away from the cytoplasm. Most of the membrane bending function is mediated by the ESCRT-III complex. Proteomic analysis was used to identify novel ESCRT-III interactors of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing a functional GFP-tagged VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING2.2 as bait. Some intractors were confirmed by yeast-two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation and others will be the target for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ibl
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Adell MAY, Teis D. Assembly and disassembly of the ESCRT-III membrane scission complex. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3191-6. [PMID: 21924267 PMCID: PMC3192940 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) pathway promotes the final membrane scission step at the end of cytokinesis, assists viral budding and generates multivesicular bodies (MVBs). These seemingly unrelated processes require a topologically similar membrane deformation and scission event that buds membranes/vesicles out of the cytoplasm. The topology of this budding reaction is ‘opposite’ to reactions that bud endocytic and secretory vesicles into the cytoplasm. Here we summarize recent findings that help to understand how the ESCRT machinery, in particular the ESCRT-III complex, assembles on its target membranes, executes membrane scission and is disassembled by the AAA-ATPase Vps4.
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48
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Hill CP, Babst M. Structure and function of the membrane deformation AAA ATPase Vps4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:172-81. [PMID: 21925211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ATPase Vps4 belongs to the type-I AAA family of proteins. Vps4 functions together with a group of proteins referred to as ESCRTs in membrane deformation and fission events. These cellular functions include vesicle formation at the endosome, cytokinesis and viral budding. The highly dynamic quaternary structure of Vps4 and its interactions with a network of regulators and co-factors has made the analysis of this ATPase challenging. Nevertheless, recent advances in the understanding of the cell biology of Vps4 together with structural information and in vitro studies are guiding mechanistic models of this ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Multivesicular body (MVB) formation is the result of invagination and budding of the endosomal limiting membrane into its intralumenal space. These intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) contain a subset of endosomal transmembrane cargoes destined for degradation within the lysosome, the result of active selection during MVB sorting. Membrane bending and scission during ILV formation is topologically similar to cytokinesis in that both events require the abscission of a membrane neck that is oriented away from the cytoplasm. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) represent cellular machinery whose function makes essential contributions to both of these processes. In particular, the AAA-ATPase Vps4 and its substrate ESCRT-III are key components that seem to execute the membrane abscission reaction. This review summarizes current knowledge about the Vps4-ESCRT-III system and discusses a model for how the recruitment of Vps4 to the different sites of function might be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Babst
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9202, USA.
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50
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Thomas SN, Wan Y, Liao Z, Hanson PI, Yang AJ. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture based mass spectrometry approach to detect transient protein interactions using substrate trapping. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5511-8. [PMID: 21619060 DOI: 10.1021/ac200950k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of protein interactors in protein complexes can yield important insight into protein function and signal transduction. Thus, a reliable approach to distinguish true interactors from nonspecific interacting proteins is of utmost importance for accurate data interpretation. Although stringent purification methods are critical, challenges still remain in the selection of criteria that will permit the objective differentiation of true members of the protein complex from nonspecific background proteins. To address these challenges, we have developed a quantitative proteomic strategy combining stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), affinity substrate trapping, and gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (geLC-MS/MS) protein quantitation. ATP hydrolysis-deficient vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B (Vps4B) was used as the "bait" protein which served as a substrate trap since its lack of ATP hydrolysis enzymatic activity allows the stabilization of its transiently associated interacting proteins. A significant advantage of our approach is the use of our new in-house-developed software program for SILAC-based mass spectrometry quantitation, which further facilitates the differentiation between the bait protein, endogenous bait-interacting proteins, and nonspecific binding proteins based on their protein ratios. The strategy presented herein is applicable to the analysis of other protein complexes whose compositions are dependent upon the ATP hydrolysis activity of the bait protein used in affinity purification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
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