1
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Ansari U, Alam M, Nadora D, Muttalib Z, Chen V, Taguinod I, FitzPatrick M, Wen J, Ansari Z, Lui F. Assessing the efficacy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs in slowing disease progression: A literature review. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:166-177. [PMID: 38988889 PMCID: PMC11230861 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and intricate neurodegenerative disease that impacts upper and lower motor neurons within the central nervous system, leading to their progressive destruction. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of this multifaceted disease remains elusive. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted approval for seven medications designed to address ALS and mitigate its associated symptoms. These FDA-sanctioned treatments are Qalsody, Relyvrio, Radicava, Rilutek, Tiglutik, Exservan, and Nuedexta. In this review, the effects of these seven drugs on ALS based on their mechanism of action, dosing, and clinical presentations are comprehensively summarized. Each medication offers a distinct approach to manage ALS, aiming to alleviate the burdensome symptoms and slow the disease's progression, thereby improving the quality of life for individuals affected by this neurological condition. However, despite these advancements in pharmaceutical interventions, finding a definitive cure for ALS remains a significant challenge. Continuous investigation into ALS pathophysiology and therapeutic avenues remains imperative, necessitating further research collaborations and innovative approaches to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Ansari
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Meraj Alam
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Dawnica Nadora
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Vincent Chen
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Jimmy Wen
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Zaid Ansari
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Forshing Lui
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
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2
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Fontana IC, Souza DG, Souza DO, Gee A, Zimmer ER, Bongarzone S. A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2330-2346. [PMID: 36787643 PMCID: PMC9969404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) plays a key role in the clearance and recycling of glutamate - the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. EAAT2 loss/dysfunction triggers a cascade of neurodegenerative events, comprising glutamatergic excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Nevertheless, our current knowledge regarding EAAT2 in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), is restricted to post-mortem analysis of brain tissue and experimental models. Thus, detecting EAAT2 in the living human brain might be crucial to improve diagnosis/therapy for ALS and AD. This perspective article describes the role of EAAT2 in physio/pathological processes and provides a structure-activity relationship of EAAT2-binders, bringing two perspectives: therapy (activators) and diagnosis (molecular imaging tools).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 - Neo floor seventh, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Débora G Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antony Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (PPGBioq), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala, 305 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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3
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Yuan F, Li Y, Hu R, Gong M, Chai M, Ma X, Cha J, Guo P, Yang K, Li M, Xu M, Ma Q, Su Q, Zhang C, Sheng Z, Wu H, Wang Y, Yuan W, Bian S, Shao L, Zhang R, Li K, Shao Z, Zhang ZN, Li W. Modeling disrupted synapse formation in wolfram syndrome using hESCs-derived neural cells and cerebral organoids identifies Riluzole as a therapeutic molecule. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1557-1570. [PMID: 36750736 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated neurite outgrowth and synapse formation underlie many psychiatric disorders, which are also manifested by wolfram syndrome (WS). Whether and how the causative gene WFS1 deficiency affects synapse formation remain elusive. By mirroring human brain development with cerebral organoids, WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids not only recapitulate the neuronal loss in WS patients, but also exhibit significantly impaired synapse formation and function associated with reduced astrocytes. WFS1 deficiency in neurons autonomously delays neuronal differentiation with altered expressions of genes associated with psychiatric disorders, and impairs neurite outgrowth and synapse formation with elevated cytosolic calcium. Intriguingly, WFS1 deficiency in astrocytes decreases the expression of glutamate transporter EAAT2 by NF-κB activation and induces excessive glutamate. When co-cultured with wildtype neurons, WFS1-deficient astrocytes lead to impaired neurite outgrowth and increased cytosolic calcium in neurons. Importantly, disrupted synapse formation and function in WFS1-deficient cerebral organoids and impaired neurite outgrowth affected by WFS1-deficient astrocytes are efficiently reversed with Riluzole treatment, by restoring EAAT2 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, Riluzole rescues the depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test and the impaired recognition and spatial memory in the novel object test and water maze test in Wfs1 conditional knockout mice. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into how WFS1 deficiency affects synapse formation and function, and offers a strategy to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yuan
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yana Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengting Gong
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengyao Chai
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- QuietD Biotechnology, Ltd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiaxue Cha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kaijiang Yang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mushan Li
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Minglu Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhejin Sheng
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Shan Bian
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of VIP Clinic, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- QuietD Biotechnology, Ltd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhen Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Weida Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Reg-Verse Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200120, China.
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4
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Kim H, Gomez-Pastor R. HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington's Disease Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:35-95. [PMID: 36396925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in mammalian cells and is a critical element in maintaining protein homeostasis. HSF1 functions at the center of many physiological processes like embryogenesis, metabolism, immune response, aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms that allow HSF1 to control these different biological and pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. This review focuses on Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe protein aggregation of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The aggregation of HTT, in turn, leads to a halt in the function of HSF1. Understanding the pathways that regulate HSF1 in different contexts like HD may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying other proteinopathies. We provide the most current information on HSF1 structure, function, and regulation, emphasizing HD, and discussing its potential as a biological target for therapy. DATA SOURCES We performed PubMed search to find established and recent reports in HSF1, heat shock proteins (Hsp), HD, Hsp inhibitors, HSF1 activators, and HSF1 in aging, inflammation, cancer, brain development, mitochondria, synaptic plasticity, polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, and HD. STUDY SELECTIONS Research and review articles that described the mechanisms of action of HSF1 were selected based on terms used in PubMed search. RESULTS HSF1 plays a crucial role in the progression of HD and other protein-misfolding related neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models of HD, as well as postmortem brains of patients with HD, reveal a connection between the levels of HSF1 and HSF1 dysfunction to mutant HTT (mHTT)-induced toxicity and protein aggregation, dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections, which eventually leads to neuronal loss. These features are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, several inhibitors against negative regulators of HSF1, as well as HSF1 activators, are developed and hold promise to prevent neurodegeneration in HD and other NDs. CONCLUSION Understanding the role of HSF1 during protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in HD may help to develop therapeutic strategies that could be effective across different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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5
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Wiah S, Roper A, Zhao P, Shekarabi A, Watson MN, Farkas DJ, Potula R, Reitz AB, Rawls SM. Troriluzole inhibits methamphetamine place preference in rats and normalizes methamphetamine-evoked glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) protein levels in the mesolimbic pathway. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 242:109719. [PMID: 36521236 PMCID: PMC9850846 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Riluzole, approved to manage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is mechanistically unique among glutamate-based therapeutics because it reduces glutamate transmission through a dual mechanism (i.e., reduces glutamate release and enhances glutamate reuptake). The profile of riluzole is favorable for normalizing glutamatergic dysregulation that perpetuates methamphetamine (METH) dependence, but pharmacokinetic and metabolic liabilities hinder repurposing. To mitigate these limitations, we synthesized troriluzole (TRLZ), a third-generation prodrug of riluzole, and tested the hypothesis that TRLZ inhibits METH hyperlocomotion and conditioned place preference (CPP) and normalizes METH-induced changes in mesolimbic glutamate biomarkers. TRLZ (8, 16 mg/kg) reduced hyperlocomotion caused by METH (1 mg/kg) without affecting spontaneous activity. TRLZ (1, 4, 8, 16 mg/kg) administered during METH conditioning (0.5 mg/kg x 4 d) inhibited development of METH place preference, and TRLZ (16 mg/kg) administered after METH conditioning reduced expression of CPP. In rats with established METH place preference, TRLZ (16 mg/kg) accelerated extinction of CPP. In cellular studies, chronic METH enhanced mRNA levels of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Repeated METH also caused enhancement of GCPII protein levels in the VTA that was prevented by TRLZ (16 mg/kg). TRLZ (16 mg/kg) administered during chronic METH did not affect brain or plasma levels of METH. These results indicate that TRLZ, already in clinical trials for cerebellar ataxia, reduces development, expression and maintenance of METH CPP. Moreover, normalization of METH-induced GCPII levels in mesolimbic substrates by TRLZ points toward studying GCPII as a therapeutic target of TRLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonita Wiah
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abigail Roper
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia N Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Farkas
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Gosset P, Camu W, Raoul C, Mezghrani A. Prionoids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac145. [PMID: 35783556 PMCID: PMC9242622 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the third most frequent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. ALS is characterized by the selective and progressive loss of motoneurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex. Clinical manifestations typically occur in midlife and start with focal muscle weakness, followed by the rapid and progressive wasting of muscles and subsequent paralysis. As with other neurodegenerative diseases, the condition typically begins at an initial point and then spreads along neuroanatomical tracts. This feature of disease progression suggests the spreading of prion-like proteins called prionoids in the affected tissues, which is similar to the spread of prion observed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Intensive research over the last decade has proposed the ALS-causing gene products Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa, and fused in sarcoma as very plausible prionoids contributing to the spread of the pathology. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the propagation of these prionoids in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gosset
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - William Camu
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Cedric Raoul
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
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7
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Reyes A, Navarro AJ, Diethelm-Varela B, Kalergis AM, González PA. Is there a role for HSF1 in viral infections? FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1112-1124. [PMID: 35485710 PMCID: PMC9157408 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo numerous processes to adapt to new challenging conditions and stressors. Heat stress is regulated by a family of heat shock factors (HSFs) that initiate a heat shock response by upregulating the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) intended to counteract cellular damage elicited by increased environmental temperature. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is known as the master regulator of the heat shock response and upon its activation induces the transcription of genes that encode for molecular chaperones, such as HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90. Importantly, an accumulating body of studies relates HSF1 with viral infections; the induction of fever during viral infection may activate HSF1 and trigger a consequent heat shock response. Here, we review the role of HSF1 in different viral infections and its impact on the health outcome for the host. Studying the relationship between HSF1 and viruses could open new potential therapeutic strategies given the availability of drugs that regulate the activation of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Areli J Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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8
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Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Giordano J. Hormesis and neural stem cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:314-329. [PMID: 34871764 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed identification and assessment of hormetic dose responses in neural stem cells (NSCs) as identified in a number of animal models and human tissues, with particular emphasis on cell proliferation and differentiation. Hormetic dose responses were commonly observed following administration of a number of agents, including dietary supplements [e.g., berberine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Ginkgo Biloba, resveratrol], pharmaceuticals (e.g., lithium, lovastatin, melatonin), endogenous ligands [e.g., hydrogen sulfide (H2S), magnesium, progesterone, taurine], environmental contaminants (e.g., arsenic, rotenone) and physical agents [e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic radiation (EMF)]. These data indicate that numerous agents can induce hormetic dose responses to upregulate key functions of such as cell proliferation and differentiation in NSCs, and enhance resilience to inflammatory stresses. The paper assesses both putative mechanisms of hormetic responses in NSCs, and the potential therapeutic implications and application(s) of hormetic frameworks in clinical approaches to neurological injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97 - 95125, USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD); University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, USA.
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9
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High-fat diet induces depression-like phenotype via astrocyte-mediated hyperactivation of ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4372-4384. [PMID: 36180573 PMCID: PMC9734059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity exists between metabolic disorders and depressive syndrome with unclear mechanisms. To characterize the causal relationship, we adopted a 12-week high-fat diet (HFD) to induce metabolic disorder and depressive phenotypes in mice. Initially, we identified an enhanced glutamatergic input in the nucleus accumbens of HFD mice. Retrograde tracing and chemogenetic inhibition showed that the hyperactive ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens determined the exhibition of depression-like behavior in HFD mice. Using lentiviral knockdown and overexpression approaches, we proved that HFD-induced downregulation of glial glutamate transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, contributed to the observed circuit maladaptations and subsequent depression-like behaviors. Finally, we identified a potential therapeutic agent, riluzole, which could mitigate the HFD-induced behavioral deficits by normalizing the expressions of GLAST and GLT-1 and ventral hippocampal glutamatergic afferents to the nucleus accumbens. Overall, astrocyte-mediated disturbance in glutamatergic transmission underlies the metabolic disorder-related depressive syndrome and represents a therapeutic target for this subtype of depressive mood disorders.
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10
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He W, Zhang Z, Sha X. Nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121111. [PMID: 34488117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to high disability and mortality. The limited delivery efficiency of most therapeutic substances is a major challenge for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Inspired by the prominent merit of nanoscale particles in brain targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, various functional nanoparticles have been designed as promising drug delivery platforms that are expected to improve the therapeutic effect of ischemic stroke. Based on the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, this review outline and summarize the rationally designed nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke, including recanalization therapy, neuroprotection therapy, and combination therapy. On this bases, the potentials and challenges of nanoparticles in the treatment of ischemic stroke are revealed, and new thoughts and perspectives are proposed for the design of feasible nanoparticles for effective treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 120 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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11
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Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Demonstrated hormetic mechanisms putatively subserve riluzole-induced effects in neuroprotection against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Implications for research and clinical practice. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101273. [PMID: 33571705 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides evidence to support that riluzole, an FDA-approved treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), like many neuroprotective agents, displays and exerts hormetic biphasic dose responses. These findings have important implications for the experimental study and clinical treatment of ALS.
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12
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of parthenolide derivatives with reduced toxicity as potential inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Zhu Q, Li L, Wang W, Zhang G. Identification of HSF1 Target Genes Involved in Thermal Stress in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by ChIP-seq. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:167-179. [PMID: 31965439 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a commercially important species inhabiting the intertidal zone, facing enormous temperature fluctuations. Therefore, it is important to identify candidate genes and key regulatory relationships associated with thermal tolerance, which can aid the molecular breeding of oysters. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) plays an important role in the thermal stress resistance. However, the regulatory relationship between the expansion of heat shock protein (HSP) HSP 70 and HSF1 is not yet clear in C. gigas. In this study, we analyzed genes regulated by HSF1 in response to heat shock by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), determined the expression patterns of target genes by qRT-PCR, and validated the regulatory relationship between one HSP70 and HSF1. We found 916 peaks corresponding to HSF1 binding sites, and these peaks were annotated to the nearest genes. In Gene Ontology analysis, HSF1 target genes were related to signal transduction, energy production, and response to biotic stimulus. Four HSP70 genes, two HSP40 genes, and one small HSP gene exhibited binding to HSF1. One HSP70 with a binding site in the promoter region was validated to be regulated by HSF1 under heat shock. These results provide a basis for future studies aimed at determining the mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance and provide insights into gene regulation in the Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
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14
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Calabrese EJ, Bhatia TN, Calabrese V, Dhawan G, Giordano J, Hanekamp YN, Kapoor R, Kozumbo WJ, Leak RK. Cytotoxicity models of Huntington’s disease and relevance of hormetic mechanisms: A critical assessment of experimental approaches and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Zhang X, Miao J, Han J, Zhu Z. Riluzole blocks HU210-facilitated ventral tegmental long-term depression by enhancing glutamate uptake in astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:201-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Üstün Bezgin S, Uygur KK, Gökdoğan Ç, Elmas Ç, Göktaş G. The Effects of Riluzole on Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 23:e267-e275. [PMID: 31360245 PMCID: PMC6660296 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole) is known as a neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiapoptotic agent. It may have beneficial effects on neuronal cell death due to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Objective
To evaluate the effect of riluzole on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.
Methods
Twenty-four guinea pigs, studied in three groups, underwent auditory brainstem response evaluation using click and 8 kHz tone burst stimuli. Subsequently, 5 mg/kg of cisplatin were administered to all animals for 3 days intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce ototoxicity. Half an hour prior to cisplatin, groups 1, 2 and 3 received 2 ml of saline i.p., 6 mg/kg of riluzole hydrochloride i.p., and 8 mg/kg of riluzole hydrochloride i.p., respectively, for 3 days. The auditory brainstem responses were repeated 24 hours after the last drug administration. The cochleae were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results
After drug administiration, for 8,000 Hz stimulus, group 1 had significantly higher threshold shifts when compared with groups 2 (
p
< 0.05) and 3 (
p
< 0.05), and there was no significant difference in threshold shifts between groups 2 and 3 (
p
> 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy findings demonstrated the protective effect of riluzole on the hair cells and the stria vascularis, especially in the group treated with 8 mg/kg of riluzole hydrochloride.
Conclusion
We can say that riluzole may have a protective effect on cisplatin- induced ototoxicity. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results and the mechanisms of action of riluzole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Üstün Bezgin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadir Kemal Uygur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağıl Gökdoğan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güleser Göktaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lokman Hekim University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Wu XL, Liu L, Li YJ, Luo J, Gai DW, Lu TL, Mei QB. Synthesis, crystal structure, and antinociceptive effects of some new riluzole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Riluzole Impairs Cocaine Reinstatement and Restores Adaptations in Intrinsic Excitability and GLT-1 Expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1212-1223. [PMID: 28990593 PMCID: PMC5916346 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations in glutamate signaling within the brain's reward circuitry are observed following withdrawal from several abused drugs, including cocaine. These include changes in intrinsic cellular excitability, glutamate release, and glutamate uptake. Pharmacological or optogenetic reversal of these adaptations have been shown to reduce measures of cocaine craving and seeking, raising the hypothesis that regulation of glutamatergic signaling represents a viable target for the treatment of substance use disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that administration of the compound riluzole, which regulates glutamate dynamics in several ways, would reduce cocaine seeking in the rat self-administration and reinstatement model of addiction. Riluzole dose-dependently inhibited cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement to cocaine, but did not affect locomotor activity or reinstatement to sucrose seeking. Moreover, riluzole reversed bidirectional cocaine-induced adaptations in intrinsic excitability of prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) pyramidal neurons; a cocaine-induced increase in PL excitability was decreased by riluzole, and a cocaine-induced decrease in IL excitability was increased to normal levels. Riluzole also reversed the cocaine-induced suppression of the high-affinity glutamate transporter 1 (EAAT2/GLT-1) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). GLT-1 is responsible for the majority of glutamate uptake in the brain, and has been previously reported to be downregulated by cocaine. These results demonstrate that riluzole impairs cocaine reinstatement while rectifying several cellular adaptations in glutamatergic signaling within the brain's reward circuitry, and support the hypothesis that regulators of glutamate homeostasis represent viable candidates for pharmacotherapeutic treatment of psychostimulant relapse.
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Huang C, Wu J, Xu L, Wang J, Chen Z, Yang R. Regulation of HSF1 protein stabilization: An updated review. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:69-77. [PMID: 29341886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a transcriptional factor that determines the efficiency of heat shock responses (HSRs) in the cell. Given its function has been extensively studied in recent years, HSF1 is considered a potential target for the treatment of disorders associated with protein aggregation. The activity of HSF1 is traditionally regulated at the transcriptional level in which the transactivation domain of HSF1 is modified by extensive array of pos-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation, and acetylation. Recently, HSF1 is also reported to be regulated at the monomeric level. For example, in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease the expression levels of the monomeric HSF1 are found to be reduced markedly. Methylene blue (MB) and riluzole, two clinical available drugs, increase the amount of the monomeric HSF1 in both cells and animals. Since the monomeric HSF1 not only determines the efficiency of HSRs, but exerts protective effects in a trimerization-independent manner, increasing the amount of the monomeric HSF1 via stabilization of HSF1 may be an alternative strategy for the amplification of HSR. However, to date we have no outlined knowledges about HSF1 protein stabilization, though studies regarding the regulation of the monomeric HSF1 have been documented in recent years. Here, we summarize the regulation of the monomeric HSF1 by some previously reported factors, such as synuclein, Huntingtin (Htt), TDP-43, unfolded protein response (UPR), MB and doxorubicin (DOX), as well as their possible mechanisms, aiming to push the understanding about HSF1 protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Danyang People's Hospital, #2 Xinmin Western Road, Danyang 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, # 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, #20Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Sperling S, Aung T, Martin S, Rohde V, Ninkovic M. Riluzole: a potential therapeutic intervention in human brain tumor stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96697-96709. [PMID: 29228563 PMCID: PMC5722515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A small subpopulation of tumor stem-like cells has the capacity to initiate tumors and mediate radio- and chemoresistance in diverse cancers hence also in glioblastoma (GBM). It has been reported that this capacity of tumor initiation in the brain is mainly dependent on the body's nutrient supply. This population of so-called brain tumor initiating or brain tumor stem-like cells (BTSCs) is able to extract nutrients like glucose with a higher affinity. Riluzole, a drug approved for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), was reported to possess anticancer properties, affecting the glutamate metabolism. We report that riluzole treatment inhibits the growth of brain tumor stem-like cells enriched cultures isolated from two human glioblastomas. The effects of riluzole on these cells were associated with an inhibition of a poor prognostic indicator: glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). A decrease in GLUT3 is associated with a decrease in the p-Akt/HIF1α pathway. Further, downregulation of the DNA (Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene that causes hypermethylation of various tumor-suppressor genes and leads to a poor prognosis in GBM, was detected. Two hallmarks of cancer cells-proliferation and cell death-were positively influenced by riluzole treatment. Finally, we observed that riluzole reduced the tumor growth in in vivo CAM assay, suggesting it could be a possible synergistic drug for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Sperling
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Center of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veit Rohde
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Milena Ninkovic
- The Translational Neurooncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Liu B, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. Astroglia as a cellular target for neuroprotection and treatment of neuro-psychiatric disorders. Glia 2017; 65:1205-1226. [PMID: 28300322 PMCID: PMC5669250 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are key homeostatic cells of the central nervous system. They cooperate with neurons at several levels, including ion and water homeostasis, chemical signal transmission, blood flow regulation, immune and oxidative stress defense, supply of metabolites and neurogenesis. Astroglia is also important for viability and maturation of stem-cell derived neurons. Neurons critically depend on intrinsic protective and supportive properties of astrocytes. Conversely, all forms of pathogenic stimuli which disturb astrocytic functions compromise neuronal functionality and viability. Support of neuroprotective functions of astrocytes is thus an important strategy for enhancing neuronal survival and improving outcomes in disease states. In this review, we first briefly examine how astrocytic dysfunction contributes to major neurological disorders, which are traditionally associated with malfunctioning of processes residing in neurons. Possible molecular entities within astrocytes that could underpin the cause, initiation and/or progression of various disorders are outlined. In the second section, we explore opportunities enhancing neuroprotective function of astroglia. We consider targeting astrocyte-specific molecular pathways which are involved in neuroprotection or could be expected to have a therapeutic value. Examples of those are oxidative stress defense mechanisms, glutamate uptake, purinergic signaling, water and ion homeostasis, connexin gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and the Nrf2-ARE pathway. We propose that enhancing the neuroprotective capacity of astrocytes is a viable strategy for improving brain resilience and developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihui Liu
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Anja G. Teschemacher
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Chemistry and BiologyBaltic Federal UniversityKaliningradRussian Federation
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22
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Spencer S, Kalivas PW. Glutamate Transport: A New Bench to Bedside Mechanism for Treating Drug Abuse. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:797-812. [PMID: 28605494 PMCID: PMC5632313 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction has often been described as a "hijacking" of the brain circuits involved in learning and memory. Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its contribution to synaptic plasticity and learning processes is well established in animal models. Likewise, over the past 20 years the addiction field has ascribed a critical role for glutamatergic transmission in the development of addiction. Chronic drug use produces enduring neuroadaptations in corticostriatal projections that are believed to contribute to a maladaptive deficit in inhibitory control over behavior. Much of this research focuses on the role played by ionotropic glutamate receptors directly involved in long-term potentiation and depression or metabotropic receptors indirectly modulating synaptic plasticity. Importantly, the balance between glutamate release and clearance tightly regulates the patterned activation of these glutamate receptors, emphasizing an important role for glutamate transporters in maintaining extracellular glutamate levels. Five excitatory amino acid transporters participate in active glutamate reuptake. Recent evidence suggests that these glutamate transporters can be modulated by chronic drug use at a variety of levels. In this review, we synopsize the evidence and mechanisms associated with drug-induced dysregulation of glutamate transport. We then summarize the preclinical and clinical data suggesting that glutamate transporters offer an effective target for the treatment of drug addiction. In particular, we focus on the role that altered glutamate transporters have in causing drug cues and contexts to develop an intrusive quality that guides maladaptive drug seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Correspondence: Sade Spencer, PhD, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB, 403- MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425 ()
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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23
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Dayalan Naidu S, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Regulation of the mammalian heat shock factor 1. FEBS J 2017; 284:1606-1627. [PMID: 28052564 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are endowed with the capability to tackle various forms of cellular stress due to the presence of molecular chaperone machinery complexes that are ubiquitous throughout the cell. During conditions of proteotoxic stress, the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) mediates the elevation of heat shock proteins, which are crucial components of the chaperone complex machinery and function to ameliorate protein misfolding and aggregation and restore protein homeostasis. In addition, HSF1 orchestrates a versatile transcriptional programme that includes genes involved in repair and clearance of damaged macromolecules and maintenance of cell structure and metabolism, and provides protection against a broad range of cellular stress mediators, beyond heat shock. Here, we discuss the structure and function of the mammalian HSF1 and its regulation by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, sumoylation and acetylation), proteasomal degradation, and small-molecule activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Glutamate Transport System as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Chronic Pain: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacology. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 16:225-253. [PMID: 28828613 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55769-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of peripheral neurons sensing noxious stimuli and conducting pain signals to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord utilize glutamate as a chemical transmitter of excitation. High-affinity glutamate transporter subtypes GLAST/EAAT1, GLT1/EAAT2, EAAC1/EAAT3, and EAAT4, differentially expressed on sensory neurons, postsynaptic spinal interneurons, and neighboring glia, ensure fine modulation of glutamate neurotransmission in the spinal cord. The glutamate transport system seems to play important roles in molecular mechanisms underlying chronic pain and analgesia. Downregulation of glutamate transporters (GluTs) often precedes or occurs simultaneously with development of hypersensitivity to thermal or tactile stimuli in various models of chronic pain. Moreover, antisense knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of these membrane proteins can induce or aggravate pain. In contrast, upregulation of GluTs by positive pharmacological modulators or by viral gene transfer to the spinal cord can reverse the development of such pathological hypersensitivity. Furthermore, some multi-target drugs displaying analgesic properties (e.g., tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline, riluzole, anticonvulsant valproate, tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone and its structural analog devoid of antibacterial activity, clavulanic acid) can significantly increase the spinal glutamate uptake. Thus, mounting evidence points at GluTs as prospective therapeutic target for chronic pain treatment. However, design and development of new analgesics based on the modulation of glutamate uptake will require more precise knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying physiological or aberrant functioning of this transport system in the spinal cord.
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Verma SK, Arora I, Javed K, Akhtar M, Samim M. Enhancement in the Neuroprotective Power of Riluzole Against Cerebral Ischemia Using a Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicle. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19716-19723. [PMID: 27378322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Riluzole is the only available drug for motor neuron diseases quite well-known for its neuroprotective activity. But its poor aqueous solubility, short half-life with some side-effects at higher concentration poses a limitation to its use as a therapeutic agent. The present study was performed to investigate the therapeutic potential of nanoriluzole (NR), i.e., riluzole encapsulated in nanoparticles against cerebral ischemia (stroke) at three different concentrations [10 (NRL), 20 (NRM), and 40 (NRH) μg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p.)]. Chitosan conjugated NIPAAM (N-isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles coated with tween80 were synthesized through free radical polymerization. The particles were characterized with Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and were found to have size of ∼50 nm. Cerebral ischemia was induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model for 1 h and NR was given intraperitoneally after 1 h of MCAO. Animals were dissected after a reperfusion period of 24 h for evaluation of various parameters. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining shows substantial reduction in infarct size in all three treated groups. It was also supported by histopathological results, biochemical parameters, and behavioral studies. Immunological parameters like NOS-2, NF-kB, and COX-2 also show profound reduction in expression in NR treated groups. Thus, the present work clearly demonstrated that the nanoparticle was good enough to carry large amount of drug across the Blood Brain Barrier which results in significant neuroprotection even at a very low concentration. It also substantially lowered the required concentration by overcoming the poor aqueous solubility; hence hardly leaving any scope for side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi-62 110062, India
| | - Indu Arora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, Delhi University , Delhi-7 110062, India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi-62 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi-62 110062, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi-62 110062, India
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26
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Preconditioning is hormesis part I: Documentation, dose-response features and mechanistic foundations. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:242-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ayers-Ringler JR, Jia YF, Qiu YY, Choi DS. Role of astrocytic glutamate transporter in alcohol use disorder. World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:31-42. [PMID: 27014596 PMCID: PMC4804266 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most widespread neuropsychiatric conditions, having a significant health and socioeconomic impact. According to the 2014 World Health Organization global status report on alcohol and health, the harmful use of alcohol is responsible for 5.9% of all deaths worldwide. Additionally, 5.1% of the global burden of disease and injury is ascribed to alcohol (measured in disability adjusted life years, or disability adjusted life years). Although the neurobiological basis of AUD is highly complex, the corticostriatal circuit contributes significantly to the development of addictive behaviors. In-depth investigation into the changes of the neurotransmitters in this circuit, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyricacid, and glutamate, and their corresponding neuronal receptors in AUD and other addictions enable us to understand the molecular basis of AUD. However, these discoveries have also revealed a dearth of knowledge regarding contributions from non-neuronal sources. Astrocytes, though intimately involved in synaptic function, had until recently been noticeably overlooked in their potential role in AUD. One major function of the astrocyte is protecting neurons from excitotoxicity by removing glutamate from the synapse via excitatory amino acid transporter type 2. The importance of this key transporter in addiction, as well as ethanol withdrawal, has recently become evident, though its regulation is still under investigation. Historically, pharmacotherapy for AUD has been focused on altering the activity of neuronal glutamate receptors. However, recent clinical evidence has supported the animal-based findings, showing that regulating glutamate homeostasis contributes to successful management of recovery from AUD.
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Lin PY, Folorunso O, Taglialatela G, Pierce A. Overexpression of heat shock factor 1 maintains TAR DNA binding protein 43 solubility via induction of inducible heat shock protein 70 in cultured cells. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:671-82. [PMID: 26994698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a nuclear protein that has been shown to have altered homeostasis in the form of neuronal nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in some familial and almost all cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as 51% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and 57% of Alzheimer's disease cases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP70, recognize misfolded or aggregated proteins and refold, disaggregate, or turn them over and are upregulated by the master transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Here, we explore the effect of HSF1 overexpression on proteotoxic stress-related alterations in TDP-43 solubility, proteolytic processing, and cytotoxicity. HSF1 overexpression reduced TDP-43-positive puncta concomitantly with upregulating HSP70 and HSP90 protein levels. HSF1 overexpression or pharmacological activation sustained TDP-43 solubility and significantly reduced truncation of TDP-43 in response to inhibition of the proteasome with Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al, and this was reversed by HSF1 inhibition. HSF1 activation conferred protection against toxicity associated with TDP-43 C-terminal fragments without globally increasing the activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) while concomitantly reducing the induction of autophagy, suggesting that HSF1 protection is an early event. In support of this, inhibition of HSP70 ATPase activity further reduced TDP-43 solubility. HSF1 knockout significantly increased TDP-43 insolubility and accelerated TDP-43 fragmentation in response to proteotoxic stress. Overall, this study shows that HSF1 overexpression protects against TDP-43 pathology by upregulation of chaperones, especially HSP70, rather than enhancing autophagy or the UPS during times of proteotoxic stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Anson Pierce
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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29
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Kim E, Wang B, Sastry N, Masliah E, Nelson PT, Cai H, Liao FF. NEDD4-mediated HSF1 degradation underlies α-synucleinopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:211-22. [PMID: 26503960 PMCID: PMC4706110 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis is achieved by a delicate network of molecular chaperones and various proteolytic processes such as ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) to avoid a build-up of misfolded protein aggregates. The latter is a common denominator of neurodegeneration. Neurons are found to be particularly vulnerable to toxic stress from aggregation-prone proteins such as α-synuclein. Induction of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), such as through activated heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) via Hsp90 inhibition, is being investigated as a therapeutic option for proteinopathic diseases. HSF1 is a master stress-protective transcription factor which activates genes encoding protein chaperones (e.g. iHsp70) and anti-apoptotic proteins. However, whether and how HSF1 is dysregulated during neurodegeneration has not been studied. Here, we discover aberrant HSF1 degradation by aggregated α-synuclein (or α-synuclein-induced proteotoxic stress) in transfected neuroblastoma cells. HSF1 dysregulation via α-synuclein was confirmed by in vivo assessment of mouse and in situ studies of human specimens with α-synucleinopathy. We demonstrate that elevated NEDD4 is implicated as the responsible ubiquitin E3 ligase for HSF1 degradation through UPS. Furthermore, pharmacologically induced SIRT1-mediated deacetylation can attenuate aberrant NEDD4-mediated HSF1 degradation. Indeed, we define the acetylation status of the Lys 80 residue located in the DNA-binding domain of HSF1 as a critical factor in modulating HSF1 protein stability in addition to its previously identified role in the transcriptional activity. Together with the finding that preserving HSF1 can alleviate α-synuclein toxicity, this study strongly suggests that aberrant HSF1 degradation is a key neurodegenerative mechanism underlying α-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue/Crowe 401, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue/Crowe 401, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Namratha Sastry
- Transgenics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA and
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue/Crowe 401, Memphis, TN 38163, USA,
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30
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Huang C, Lu X, Tong L, Wang J, Zhang W, Jiang B, Yang R. Requirement for endogenous heat shock factor 1 in inducible nitric oxide synthase induction in murine microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:189. [PMID: 26467650 PMCID: PMC4607096 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) makes a great contribution to host defense and inflammation. In many settings, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces iNOS expression through activation of the inhibitor of κB-α (IκB-α)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cascade, whereas interferon-γ (IFN-γ) acts through Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signals. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a major regulator of heat shock protein transcription, has been shown to regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but it remains obscure whether and how HSF1 affects iNOS induction. Methods Western blot was used to measure the protein expression. The mRNA level was measured by real-time PCR. Silence of HSF1 was achieved by small interfering RNA. Nitric oxide (NO) content and NF-κB binding activity were assayed by commercial kits. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to measure the binding activity of NF-κB and STAT1 to iNOS promoters. Results HSF1 inhibition or knockdown prevented the LPS- and/or IFN-γ-stimulated iNOS protein expression in cultured microglia. HSF1 inhibition blocked iNOS mRNA transcription. These inhibitory effects of HSF1 inhibition on iNOS expression were confirmed in brain tissues from endotoxemic mice. Further analysis showed that HSF1 inhibition had no effect on IκB-α degradation and NF-κB or STAT1 phosphorylation in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated cells. The nuclear transport of active NF-κB or STAT1 was also not affected by HSF1 inhibition, but HSF1 inhibition reduced the binding of NF-κB and STAT1 to their DNA elements. In addition, HSF1 inhibition reduced NF-κB and STAT1 bindings to iNOS promoter inside the LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated cells. Conclusions This preventing effect of HSF1 inhibition on iNOS mRNA transcription presents the necessary role of HSF1 in iNOS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Lijuan Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Jili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, #20Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
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Takahashi K, Foster JB, Lin CLG. Glutamate transporter EAAT2: regulation, function, and potential as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3489-506. [PMID: 26033496 PMCID: PMC11113985 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is primarily responsible for clearance of extracellular glutamate to prevent neuronal excitotoxicity and hyperexcitability. EAAT2 plays a critical role in regulation of synaptic activity and plasticity. In addition, EAAT2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many central nervous system disorders. In this review, we summarize current understanding of EAAT2, including structure, pharmacology, physiology, and functions, as well as disease relevancy, such as in stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and addiction. A large number of studies have demonstrated that up-regulation of EAAT2 protein provides significant beneficial effects in many disease models suggesting EAAT2 activation is a promising therapeutic approach. Several EAAT2 activators have been identified. Further understanding of EAAT2 regulatory mechanisms could improve development of drug-like compounds that spatiotemporally regulate EAAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Joshua B. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Chien-Liang Glenn Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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32
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Sun X, Crawford R, Liu C, Luo T, Hu B. Development-dependent regulation of molecular chaperones after hypoxia-ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:123-131. [PMID: 26070787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response after hypoxia-Ischemia (HI) may be substantially different between immature and mature brains. To study this phenomenon, postnatal day 7 (P7) and P26 rats were subjected to HI followed by different periods of recovery. Nuclear accumulation of heat-shock transcription factor-1 (HSF1) and expression of molecular chaperone proteins and mRNAs were analyzed by in situ hybridization, Western blotting and confocal microscopy. Nuclear accumulation of HSF1 protein and induction of hsp70 mRNA occurred dramatically in P26 neurons, but minimally in P7 neurons and moderately in microglial cells after HI. Consistently, the level of HSF1 was significantly higher in P26 brain samples, compared with that in P7 brain. Translation of hsp70 mRNA into proteins in P26 mature neurons was seen at 4h and peaked at 24h, when some neurons had already died after HI. Induction of ER glucose-regulated protein-78 (grp78) and mitochondrial hsp60 mRNAs and proteins was moderate and occurred also only in P26 mature brain after HI. These results suggest that the cellular stress response after HI is development-dependent, being pronounced in mature but virtually negligible in neonatal neurons. Therefore, the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies targeting the stress pathway against HI may be significantly different between immature and mature brains. The delayed induction of molecular chaperones in mature brain may be somewhat late for protecting HI neurons from acute HI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of MD School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, The First Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, China
| | - Robert Crawford
- Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of MD School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chunli Liu
- Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of MD School of Medicine, USA
| | - Tianfei Luo
- Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of MD School of Medicine, USA
| | - Bingren Hu
- Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of MD School of Medicine, USA.
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33
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Liu X, Xu S, Wang P, Wang W. Transient mitochondrial permeability transition mediates excitotoxicity in glutamate-sensitive NSC34D motor neuron-like cells. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:122-30. [PMID: 26024861 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity plays a critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Cytosolic calcium overload and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major mediators of high level glutamate-induced neuron death. Here, we show that the transient opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (tMPT) bridges cytosolic calcium signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction and mediates glutamate-induced neuron death. Incubation of the differentiated motor neuron-like NSC34D cells with glutamate (1mM) acutely induces cytosolic calcium transient (30% increase). Glutamate also stimulates tMPT opening, as reflected by a 2-fold increase in the frequency of superoxide flash, a bursting superoxide production event in individual mitochondria coupled to tMPT opening. The glutamate-induced tMPT opening is attenuated by suppressing cytosolic calcium influx and abolished by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with Ru360 (100 μM) or MCU shRNA. Further, increased cytosolic calcium is sufficient to induce tMPT in a mitochondrial calcium dependent manner. Finally, chronic glutamate incubation (24h) persistently elevates the probability of tMPT opening, promotes oxidative stress and induces neuron death. Attenuating tMPT activity or inhibiting MCU protects NSC34D cells from glutamate-induced cell death. These results indicate that high level glutamate-induced neuron toxicity is mediated by tMPT, which connects increased cytosolic calcium signal to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Rao PSS, Yallapu MM, Sari Y, Fisher PB, Kumar S. Designing Novel Nanoformulations Targeting Glutamate Transporter Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2: Implications in Treating Drug Addiction. JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED NANOMEDICINE 2015; 1:3-9. [PMID: 26635971 PMCID: PMC4666545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic drug abuse is associated with elevated extracellular glutamate concentration in the brain reward regions. Deficit of glutamate clearance has been identified as a contributing factor that leads to enhanced glutamate concentration following extended drug abuse. Importantly, normalization of glutamate level through induction of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1)/ excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) expression has been described in several in vivo studies. GLT1 upregulators including ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam antibiotic, have been effective in attenuating drug-seeking and drug-consumption behavior in rodent models. However, potential obstacles toward clinical translation of GLT1 (EAAT2) upregulators as treatment for drug addiction might include poor gastrointestinal absorption, serious peripheral adverse effects, and/or suboptimal CNS concentrations. Given the growing success of nanotechnology in targeting CNS ailments, nanoformulating known GLT1 (EAAT2) upregulators for selective uptake across the blood brain barrier presents an ideal therapeutic approach for treating drug addiction. In this review, we summarize the results obtained with promising GLT1 (EAAT2) inducing compounds in animal models recapitulating drug addiction. Additionally, the various nanoformulations that can be employed for selectively increasing the CNS bioavailability of GLT1 (EAAT2) upregulators are discussed. Finally, the applicability of GLT1 (EAAT2) induction via central delivery of drug-loaded nanoformulations is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- PSS Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA,Corresponding authors: (P.S.S.R), Tel: 901-448-7146. (S.K), Tel: 901-448-7157
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA,Corresponding authors: (P.S.S.R), Tel: 901-448-7146. (S.K), Tel: 901-448-7157
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35
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Gegelashvili G, Bjerrum OJ. High-affinity glutamate transporters in chronic pain: an emerging therapeutic target. J Neurochem 2014; 131:712-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Gegelashvili
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute of Chemical Biology; Ilia State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Ole J. Bjerrum
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Mishra SP, Shukla SK, Pandey BL. A preliminary evaluation of comparative effectiveness of riluzole in therapeutic regimen for irritable bowel syndrome. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:S335-40. [PMID: 25183107 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop agents that are specifically effective in controlling the key disturbance of visceral hyperalgesia besides abating of associated multiple symptoms, and evaluate comparative effectiveness for IBS symptom relief for standard regimen (antispasmodic and probiotic) and add-on amitriptyine or riluzole regimens following two weeks administration. METHODS 108 patients with visceral hypersensitivity accompanying IBS, divided into three groups were studied. First group received standard treatment (mebeverine 200 mg twice daily and probiotic 200 mg twice daily). Second group received add-on amitriptyline 25 mg before bedtime, while the third group got add-on riluzole 50 mg twice daily. Overall gastrointestinal symptom rating scale improving symptoms and hospital anxiety depression scale improving associated psychological morbidity were employed as measures at induction and at two-week follow-up period. Individual symptom scores were also examined to define the outcome profiles. RESULTS Riluzole regimen resulted in significant reduction of overall gastrointestinal symptom rating scale score, not the other two regimens. Pain relief was seen with both riluzole and amitriptyline regimens significantly superior to standard treatment regimen, but riluzole effect appeared specific and independent anxiolytic effect. Amitriptyline caused relief in diarrhea and did not benefit in constipation point to non-specific remedial role in IBS. CONCLUSIONS Riluzole specifically relieves visceral hypersensitivity and is proved to be superior to current treatments in IBS patients. It appears a lead remedy based on glutamate transporter mechanisms in visceral hypersensititvity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunit Kumar Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bajrang Lal Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Liu DJ, Hammer D, Komlos D, Chen KY, Firestein BL, Liu AYC. SIRT1 knockdown promotes neural differentiation and attenuates the heat shock response. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1224-35. [PMID: 24435709 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons have a limited capacity for heat shock protein (HSP) induction and are vulnerable to the pathogenic consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation as seen in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD(+) -dependent lysine deacetylase with important biological functions, has been shown to sustain the DNA-binding state of HSF1 for HSP induction. Here we show that differentiation and maturation of embryonic cortical neurons and N2a neuroprogenitor cells is associated with decreases in SIRT1 expression and heat shock-dependent induction of HSP70 protein. Tests of a pharmacological activator and an inhibitor of SIRT1 affirm the regulatory role of SIRT1 in HSP70 induction. Protein cross-linking studies show that nuclear SIRT1 and HSF1 form a co-migrating high molecular weight complex upon stress. The use of retroviral vectors to manipulate SIRT1 expression in N2a cells show that shRNA-mediated knock down of SIRT1 causes spontaneous neurite outgrowth coincident with reduced growth rate and decreased induction of hsp70-reporter gene, whereas SIRT1 over-expression blocks the induced neural differentiation of N2a cells. Our results suggest that decreased SIRT1 expression is conducive to neuronal differentiation and this decrease contributes to the attenuated induction of HSPs in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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38
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The role of heat shock proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The therapeutic potential of Arimoclomol. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Lin PY, Simon SM, Koh WK, Folorunso O, Umbaugh CS, Pierce A. Heat shock factor 1 over-expression protects against exposure of hydrophobic residues on mutant SOD1 and early mortality in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:43. [PMID: 24256636 PMCID: PMC3907013 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) are responsible for 20% of familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mutant SOD1 has been shown to have increased surface hydrophobicity in vitro. Mutant SOD1 may adopt a complex array of conformations with varying toxicity in vivo. We have used a novel florescence-based proteomic assay using 4,4’-bis-1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (bisANS) to assess the surface hydrophobicity, and thereby distinguish between different conformations, of SOD1and other proteins in situ. Results Covalent bisANS labeling of spinal cord extracts revealed that alterations in surface hydrophobicity of H46R/H48Q mutations in SOD1 provoke formation of high molecular weight SOD1 species with lowered solubility, likely due to increased exposure of hydrophobic surfaces. BisANS was docked on the H46R/H48Q SOD1 structure at the disordered copper binding and electrostatic loops of mutant SOD1, but not non-mutant WT SOD1. 16 non-SOD1 proteins were also identified that exhibited altered surface hydrophobicity in the H46R/H48Q mutant mouse model of ALS, including proteins involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, signaling, and protein quality control. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were also enriched in the detergent-insoluble fractions with SOD1. Given that chaperones recognize proteins with exposed hydrophobic surfaces as substrates and the importance of protein homeostasis in ALS, we crossed SOD1 H46R/H48Q mutant mice with mice over-expressing the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor. Here we showed that HSF1 over-expression in H46R/H48Q ALS mice enhanced proteostasis as evidenced by increased expression of HSPs in motor neurons and astrocytes and increased solubility of mutant SOD1. HSF1 over-expression significantly reduced body weight loss, delayed ALS disease onset, decreases cases of early disease, and increased survival for the 25th percentile in an H46R/H48Q SOD1 background. HSF1 overexpression did not affect macroautophagy in the ALS background, but was associated with maintenance of carboxyl terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein (CHIP) expression which declined in H46R/H48Q mice. Conclusion Our results uncover the potential importance of changes in protein surface hydrophobicity of SOD1 and other non-SOD1 proteins in ALS, and how strategies that activate HSF1 are valid therapies for ALS and other age-associated proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Hwang CK, Chaurasia SS, Jackson CR, Chan GCK, Storm DR, Iuvone PM. Circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity is regulated by a dopamine-neuronal PAS-domain protein 2-adenylyl cyclase 1 signaling pathway in retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14989-97. [PMID: 24048828 PMCID: PMC3776053 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2039-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial variation in light intensity, called spatial contrast, comprises much of the visual information perceived by mammals, and the relative ability to detect contrast is referred to as contrast sensitivity (Purves et al., 2012). Recently, retinal dopamine D4 receptors (D4Rs) have been implicated in modulating contrast sensitivity (Jackson et al., 2012); however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Our study demonstrates a circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity that peaks during the daytime, and that its regulation involves interactions of D4Rs, the clock gene Npas2, and the clock-controlled gene adenylyl cyclase 1 (Adcy1) in a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Targeted disruption of the gene encoding D4Rs reduces the amplitude of the contrast sensitivity rhythm by reducing daytime sensitivity and abolishes the rhythmic expression of Npas2 and Adcy1 mRNA in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina. Npas2(-/-) and Adcy1(-/-) mice show strikingly similar reductions in the contrast sensitivity rhythm to that in mice lacking D4Rs. Moreover, Adcy1 transcript rhythms were abolished in the GCL of Npas2(-/-) mice. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the Adcy1 promoter is selectively activated by neuronal PAS-domain protein 2 (NPAS2)/BMAL1. Our results indicate that the contrast sensitivity rhythm is modulated by D4Rs via a signaling pathway that involves NPAS2-mediated circadian regulation of Adcy1. Hence, we have identified a circadian clock mechanism in a subset of RGCs that modulates an important aspect of retinal physiology and visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Hwang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, and
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, and
- Translational Clinical Research Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169712
| | - Chad R. Jackson
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, and
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and
| | - Guy C.-K. Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Daniel R. Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Choi JS, Ryu JH, Zuo Z, Yang SM, Chang HW, Do SH. Riluzole attenuates excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 activity in Xenopus oocytes via protein kinase C inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 713:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sanacora G, Banasr M. From pathophysiology to novel antidepressant drugs: glial contributions to the pathology and treatment of mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:1172-9. [PMID: 23726152 PMCID: PMC3688253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several structural and cellular changes, including marked glial anomalies, have been observed in association with major depressive disorder. Here we review these cellular alterations and highlight the importance of glial cell pathology, especially astroglial dysfunction, in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders with a particular interest in major depressive disorder. The functional role of astrocytes in glutamate uptake and glutamate/glutamine cycling is discussed, as is the deleterious effects of chronic stress on glial cell function. Lastly, we discuss the effect of antidepressants on glial cell function and the possibility of targeting glial cells in the quest to develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Nomura K, Lee M, Banks C, Lee G, Morris BJ. An ASK1-p38 signalling pathway mediates hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in NG108-15 neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 549:163-7. [PMID: 23742763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be involved in many forms of neurodegeneration, including ischaemic infarct damage and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the known involvement of p38 and JNK MAP kinases in mediating apoptosis and cell death in a variety of cell types, the details of the signalling pathways activated in neuronal cells by ROS are poorly characterised. Recently TAK1 (MAP3K7), a kinase upstream of JNK and p38, has attracted attention as a possible mediator of ischaemic cell death. This study tested the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which produces ROS, induces apoptosis in the NG108-15 neuronal cell line via activation of either TAK1 or the related kinase ASK1 (MAP3K5). H2O2 caused a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability associated with caspase 3 activation. Loss of cell viability was inhibited by a selective caspase 3 inhibitor, and by the p38 inhibitor SB203580, but was not affected by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. The selective TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z-7) exacerbated the loss of cell viability, whereas the ASK1 inhibitor NQDI-1 completely prevented caspase activation and cell death. These results show that pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 is neuroprotective, implicating an ASK1-p38 signalling pathway in ROS-induced apoptosis in neurones. The results also imply that the role of TAK1 may be neuroprotective rather than pro-degenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nomura
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Stock ML, Fiedler KJ, Acharya S, Lange JK, Mlynarczyk GSA, Anderson SJ, McCormack GR, Kanuri SH, Kondru NC, Brewer MT, Carlson SA. Antibiotics acting as neuroprotectants via mechanisms independent of their anti-infective activities. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:174-82. [PMID: 23748053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review considers available evidence that some antibiotics have ancillary neuroprotective effects. Notably, β-lactam antibiotics are believed to increase the expression of glutamate transporter GLT1, potentially relieving the neurological excitotoxicity that characterizes disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Minocycline has shown promise in reducing the severity of a number of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, most likely by reducing apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory mediators in the brain. Rapamycin inhibits the activity of a serine/threonine protein kinase that has a role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurologic diseases. Herein we examine the unique neuroprotective aspects of these drugs originally developed as anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2028 VetMed, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Abdallah CG, Coplan JD, Jackowski A, Sato JR, Mao X, Shungu DC, Mathew SJ. A pilot study of hippocampal volume and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) as response biomarkers in riluzole-treated patients with GAD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:276-84. [PMID: 22739126 PMCID: PMC3473175 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiolytic benefit following chronic treatment with the glutamate modulating agent riluzole in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was previously associated with differential changes in hippocampal NAA concentrations. Here, we investigated the association between hippocampal volume and hippocampal NAA in the context of riluzole response in GAD. Eighteen medication-free adult patients with GAD received 8-week of open-label riluzole. Ten healthy subjects served as a comparison group. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy at baseline and at the end of Week 8. GAD patients who completed all interventions were classified as remitters (n=7) or non-remitters (n=6), based on final Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores ≤7. At baseline, GAD patients had a significant reduction in total hippocampal volume compared to healthy subjects (F(1,21)=6.55, p=0.02). This reduction was most pronounced in the remitters, compared to non-remitters and healthy subjects. Delta (final-baseline) hippocampal volume was positively correlated with delta NAA in GAD. This positive association was highly significant in the right hippocampus in GAD [r=0.81, p=0.002], with no significant association in healthy subjects [Fisher r-to-z p=0.017]. Across all GAD patients, delta hippocampal volume was positively associated with improvement in HAM-A (rspearman=0.62, p=0.03). These preliminary findings support hippocampal NAA and volume as neural biomarkers substantially associated with therapeutic response to a glutamatergic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Bromberg Z, Goloubinoff P, Saidi Y, Weiss YG. The membrane-associated transient receptor potential vanilloid channel is the central heat shock receptor controlling the cellular heat shock response in epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57149. [PMID: 23468922 PMCID: PMC3584136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a highly conserved molecular response to various types of stresses, including heat shock, during which heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are produced to prevent and repair damages in labile proteins and membranes. In cells, protein unfolding in the cytoplasm is thought to directly enable the activation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), however, recent work supports the activation of the HSR via an increase in the fluidity of specific membrane domains, leading to activation of heat-shock genes. Our findings support the existence of a plasma membrane-dependent mechanism of HSF-1 activation in animal cells, which is initiated by a membrane-associated transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor (TRPV). We found in various non-cancerous and cancerous mammalian epithelial cells that the TRPV1 agonists, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin (RTX), upregulated the accumulation of Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp27 and Hsp70 and Hsp90 respectively, while the TRPV1 antagonists, capsazepine and AMG-9810, attenuated the accumulation of Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp27 and Hsp70, Hsp90, respectively. Capsaicin was also shown to activate HSF-1. These findings suggest that heat-sensing and signaling in mammalian cells is dependent on TRPV channels in the plasma membrane. Thus, TRPV channels may be important drug targets to inhibit or restore the cellular stress response in diseases with defective cellular proteins, such as cancer, inflammation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Bromberg
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Younousse Saidi
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoram George Weiss
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chhangani D, Mishra A. Protein quality control system in neurodegeneration: a healing company hard to beat but failure is fatal. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:141-56. [PMID: 23378031 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A common feature in most neurodegenerative diseases and aging is the progressive accumulation of damaged proteins. Proteins are essential for all crucial biological functions. Under some notorious conditions, proteins loss their three dimensional native conformations and are converted into disordered aggregated structures. Such changes rise into pathological conditions and eventually cause serious protein conformation disorders. Protein aggregation and inclusion bodies formation mediated multifactorial proteotoxic stress has been reported in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Prion disease. Ongoing studies have been remarkably informative in providing a systematic outlook for better understanding the concept and fundamentals of protein misfolding and aggregations. However, the precise role of protein quality control system and precursors of this mechanism remains elusive. In this review, we highlight recent insights and discuss emerging cytoprotective strategies of cellular protein quality control system implicated in protein deposition diseases. Our current review provides a clear, understandable framework of protein quality control system that may offer the more suitable therapeutic strategies for protein-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chhangani
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
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Urban MJ, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Heat shock response and insulin-associated neurodegeneration. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 33:129-37. [PMID: 22172248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling contributes to the pathological progression of diabetes, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's diseases (HD). Despite their prevalence, there are limited therapeutic options available for the treatment of these neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, establishing a link between insulin/IGF-I and the pathoetiology of these diseases may provide alternative approaches toward their management. Many of the heat shock proteins (Hsps) are well-known molecular chaperones that solubilize and clear damaged proteins and protein aggregates. Recent studies suggest that modulating Hsps may represent a promising therapeutic avenue for improving insulin and IGF-I signaling. Pharmacological induction of the heat shock response (HSR) may intersect with insulin/IGF-I signaling to improve aspects of neurodegenerative phenotypes. Herein, we review the intersection between Hsps and the insulin/IGF systems under normal and pathological conditions. The discussion will emphasize the potential of non-toxic HSR inducers as viable therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Urban
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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49
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Heat shock transcription factor 1 as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 10:930-44. [PMID: 22129991 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion-based neurodegeneration are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and cell death. However, current treatments for these diseases predominantly address disease symptoms, rather than the underlying protein misfolding and cell death, and are not able to halt or reverse the degenerative process. Studies in cell culture, fruitfly, worm and mouse models of protein misfolding-based neurodegenerative diseases indicate that enhancing the protein-folding capacity of cells, via elevated expression of chaperone proteins, has therapeutic potential. Here, we review advances in strategies to harness the power of the natural cellular protein-folding machinery through pharmacological activation of heat shock transcription factor 1--the master activator of chaperone protein gene expression--to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Rozenfeld J, Tal O, Kladnitsky O, Adler L, Efrati E, Carrithers SL, Alper SL, Zelikovic I. The pendrin anion exchanger gene is transcriptionally regulated by uroguanylin: a novel enterorenal link. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 302:F614-24. [PMID: 22129966 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pendrin/SLC26A4 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, encoded by the PDS gene, is expressed in cortical collecting duct (CCD) non-A intercalated cells. Pendrin is essential for CCD bicarbonate secretion and is also involved in NaCl balance and blood pressure regulation. The intestinal peptide uroguanylin (UGN) is produced in response to oral salt load and can function as an "intestinal natriuretic hormone." We aimed to investigate whether UGN modulates pendrin activity and to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for this modulation. Injection of UGN into mice resulted in decreased pendrin mRNA and protein expression in the kidney. UGN decreased endogenous pendrin mRNA levels in HEK293 cells. A 4.2-kb human PDS (hPDS) promoter sequence and consecutive 5' deletion products were cloned into luciferase reporter vectors and transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. Exposure of transfected cells to UGN decreased hPDS promoter activity. This UGN-induced effect on the hPDS promoter occurred within a 52-bp region encompassing a single heat shock element (HSE). The effect of UGN on the promoter was abolished when the HSE located between nt -1119 and -1115 was absent or was mutated. Furthermore, treatment of HEK293 cells with heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the UGN-induced decrease in endogenous PDS mRNA level. In conclusion, pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in the renal tubule may be regulated transcriptionally by the peptide hormone UGN. UGN exerts its inhibitory activity on the hPDS promoter likely via HSF1 action at a defined HSE site. These data define a novel signaling pathway involved in the enterorenal axis controlling electrolyte and water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rozenfeld
- Laboratory of Developmental Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Haifa, Israel
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