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Joukar S, Rajizadeh MA, Bejeshk MA, Alavi SS, Bagheri F, Rami M, Khoramipour K. ATP releasing channels and the ameliorative effects of high intensity interval training on diabetic heart: a multifaceted analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7113. [PMID: 38532054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can cause severe cardiac complications at functional, histologic and molecular levels. These pathological complications could be mediated by ATP-releasing channels such as Panx1 and ATP receptors, in particular P2X7. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced cardiac complications at the functional, histopathological and molecular levels, with a particular focus on ATP-releasing channels. 48 male Wistar rats at the age of 8 weeks were randomly allocated into four groups: control (Con), Diabetes (T2D), Training (TR), and Diabetes + Training (T2D + TR). T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus a low dose (35 mg/kg) of STZ administration. Rats in the TR and T2D + TR groups underwent an 8-weeks training program involving intervals ranging from 80 to 100% of their maximum running speed (Vmax), with 4-10 intervals per session. Protein expression of Interleukin 1β (IL1β), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Pannexin 1 (Panx1), P2X7R (purinergic P2X receptor 7), NLRP1 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 1), BAX, and Bcl2 were measured in the heart tissue. Additionally, we assessed heart function, histopathological changes, as well as insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In contrast to the T2D group, HIIT led to increased protein expression of Bcl2 and IL-10 in the heart. It also resulted in improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, ± dp/dt (maximum and minimum changes in left ventricular pressure), while reducing protein expression of IL-1β, Panx1, P2X7R, NLRP1, and BAX levels in the heart. Furthermore, left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) was reduced (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, heart lesion scores increased with T2D but decreased with HIIT, along with a reduction in fibrosis percentage (P ≤ 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the cardioprotective effects of HIIT on the diabetic heart may be mediated by the modulation of ATP-releasing channels. This modulation may lead to a reduction in inflammation and apoptosis, improve cardiac function, and attenuate cardiac injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Joukar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Kerman, Iran
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rami
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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2
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Rusiecka OM, Molica F, Nielsen MS, Tollance A, Morel S, Frieden M, Chanson M, Boengler K, Kwak BR. Mitochondrial pannexin1 controls cardiac sensitivity to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2342-2354. [PMID: 37556386 PMCID: PMC10597630 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS No effective therapy is available in clinics to protect the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Endothelial cells are activated after I/R, which may drive the inflammatory response by releasing ATP through pannexin1 (Panx1) channels. Here, we investigated the role of Panx1 in cardiac I/R. METHODS AND RESULTS Panx1 was found in cardiac endothelial cells, neutrophils, and cardiomyocytes. After in vivo I/R, serum Troponin-I, and infarct size were less pronounced in Panx1-/- mice, but leukocyte infiltration in the infarct area was similar between Panx1-/- and wild-type mice. Serum Troponin-I and infarct size were not different between mice with neutrophil-specific deletion of Panx1 and Panx1fl/fl mice, suggesting that cardioprotection by Panx1 deletion rather involved cardiomyocytes than the inflammatory response. Physiological cardiac function in wild-type and Panx1-/- hearts was similar. The time to onset of contracture and time to maximal contracture were delayed in Panx1-/- hearts, suggesting reduced sensitivity of these hearts to ischaemic injury. Moreover, Panx1-/- hearts showed better recovery of left ventricle developed pressure, cardiac contractility, and relaxation after I/R. Ischaemic preconditioning failed to confer further protection in Panx1-/- hearts. Panx1 was found in subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM). SSM in WT or Panx1-/- hearts showed no differences in morphology. The function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and production of reactive oxygen species in SSM was not affected, but mitochondrial respiration was reduced in Panx1-/- SSM. Finally, Panx1-/- cardiomyocytes had a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and an increased mitochondrial ATP content. CONCLUSION Panx1-/- mice display decreased sensitivity to cardiac I/R injury, resulting in smaller infarcts and improved recovery of left ventricular function. This cardioprotective effect of Panx1 deletion seems to involve cardiac mitochondria rather than a reduced inflammatory response. Thus, Panx1 may represent a new target for controlling cardiac reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Rusiecka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Tollance
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Chen X, Yuan S, Mi L, Long Y, He H. Pannexin1: insight into inflammatory conditions and its potential involvement in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217366. [PMID: 37711629 PMCID: PMC10498923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a global health concern, and patients with severe sepsis are at risk of experiencing MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), which is associated with elevated mortality rates and a poorer prognosis. The development of sepsis involves hyperactive inflammation, immune disorder, and disrupted microcirculation. It is crucial to identify targets within these processes to develop therapeutic interventions. One such potential target is Panx1 (pannexin-1), a widely expressed transmembrane protein that facilitates the passage of molecules smaller than 1 KDa, such as ATP. Accumulating evidence has implicated the involvement of Panx1 in sepsis-associated MODS. It attracts immune cells via the purinergic signaling pathway, mediates immune responses via the Panx1-IL-33 axis, promotes immune cell apoptosis, regulates blood flow by modulating VSMCs' and vascular endothelial cells' tension, and disrupts microcirculation by elevating endothelial permeability and promoting microthrombosis. At the level of organs, Panx1 contributes to inflammatory injury in multiple organs. Panx1 primarily exacerbates injury and hinders recovery, making it a potential target for sepsis-induced MODS. While no drugs have been developed explicitly against Panx1, some compounds that inhibit Panx1 hemichannels have been used extensively in experiments. However, given that Panx1's role may vary during different phases of sepsis, more investigations are required before interventions against Panx1 can be applied in clinical. Overall, Panx1 may be a promising target for sepsis-induced MODS. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand its complex role in different stages of sepsis fully and to develop suitable pharmaceutical interventions for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiwu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Güiza J, Solís F, Valenzuela B, Arancibia D, Zamorano P, González J, Saavedra J, Neely A, Salgado M, Martínez AD, Sáez JC, Vega JL. Unnexin is a protein subunit of a large-pore channel expressed by unicellular organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307898120. [PMID: 37487087 PMCID: PMC10400985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307898120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms express proteins specialized in membrane channel-based cell-cell communication that are absent in unicellular organisms. We recently described the prediction of some members of the large-pore channel family in kinetoplastids, consisting of proteins called unnexins, which share several structural features with innexin and pannexin proteins. Here, we demonstrated that the unnexin1 protein (Unx1) is delivered to the cell membrane, displaying a topology consisting of four transmembrane domains with C and N termini on the cytoplasmic side and form large-pore channels that are permeable to small molecules. Low extracellular Ca2+/Mg2+ levels or extracellular alkalinization, but not mechanical stretching, increases channel activity. The Unx1 channel mediates the influx of Ca2+ and does not form intercellular dye coupling between HeLa Unx1 transfected cells. Unx1 channel function was further evidenced by its ability to mediate ionic currents when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Downregulation of Unx1 mRNA with morpholine contains Trypanosoma cruzi invasion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of Unx1 homologs in other protozoan parasites, suggesting a conserved function for these channel parasites in other protists. Our data demonstrate that Unx1 forms large-pore membrane channels, which may serve as a diffusional pathway for ions and small molecules that are likely to be metabolic substrates or waste products, and signaling autocrine and paracrine molecules that could be involved in cell invasion. As morpholinos-induced downregulation of Unx1 reduces the infectivity of trypomastigotes, the Unx1 channels might be an attractive target for developing trypanocide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Güiza
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Francisco Solís
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Bernardita Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Duxan Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Pedro Zamorano
- Laboratorio de Microorganismos Extremófilos, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Unidad de Parasitología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
| | - Jonathan Saavedra
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Alan Neely
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Magdiel Salgado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Agustín D. Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso2381850, Chile
| | - José L. Vega
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
- Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta1240000, Chile
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Wang X, Song J, Yuan Y, Li L, Abu-Taha I, Heijman J, Sun L, Dobrev S, Kamler M, Xie L, Wehrens XH, Horrigan FT, Dobrev D, Li N. Downregulation of FKBP5 Promotes Atrial Arrhythmogenesis. Circ Res 2023; 133:e1-e16. [PMID: 37154033 PMCID: PMC10330339 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is associated with the downregulation of FKBP5 (encoding FKBP5 [FK506 binding protein 5]). However, the function of FKBP5 in the heart remains unknown. Here, we elucidate the consequences of cardiomyocyte-restricted loss of FKBP5 on cardiac function and AF development and study the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Right atrial samples from patients with AF were used to assess the protein levels of FKBP5. A cardiomyocyte-specific FKBP5 knockdown mouse model was established by crossbreeding Fkbp5flox/flox mice with Myh6MerCreMer/+ mice. Cardiac function and AF inducibility were assessed by echocardiography and programmed intracardiac stimulation. Histology, optical mapping, cellular electrophysiology, and biochemistry were employed to elucidate the proarrhythmic mechanisms due to loss of cardiomyocyte FKBP5. RESULTS FKBP5 protein levels were lower in the atrial lysates of patients with paroxysmal AF or long-lasting persistent (chronic) AF. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown mice exhibited increased AF inducibility and duration compared with control mice. Enhanced AF susceptibility in cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown mice was associated with the development of action potential alternans and spontaneous Ca2+ waves, and increased protein levels and activity of the NCX1 (Na+/Ca2+-exchanger 1), mimicking the cellular phenotype of chronic AF patients. FKBP5-deficiency enhanced transcription of Slc8a1 (encoding NCX1) via transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In vitro studies revealed that FKBP5 negatively modulated the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α by competitively interacting with heat-shock protein 90. Injections of the heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-AAG normalized protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and NCX1 and reduced AF susceptibility in cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown mice. Furthermore, the atrial cardiomyocyte-selective knockdown of FKBP5 was sufficient to enhance AF arrhythmogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate a role for the FKBP5-deficiency in atrial arrhythmogenesis and to establish FKBP5 as a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in cardiomyocytes. Our results identify a potential molecular mechanism for the proarrhythmic NCX1 upregulation in chronic AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luge Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Issam Abu-Taha
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shokoufeh Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank T. Horrigan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Leybaert L, De Smet MA, Lissoni A, Allewaert R, Roderick HL, Bultynck G, Delmar M, Sipido KR, Witschas K. Connexin hemichannels as candidate targets for cardioprotective and anti-arrhythmic treatments. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168117. [PMID: 36919695 PMCID: PMC10014111 DOI: 10.1172/jci168117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are crucial cardiac proteins that form hemichannels and gap junctions. Gap junctions are responsible for the propagation of electrical and chemical signals between myocardial cells and cells of the specialized conduction system in order to synchronize the cardiac cycle and steer cardiac pump function. Gap junctions are normally open, while hemichannels are closed, but pathological circumstances may close gap junctions and open hemichannels, thereby perturbing cardiac function and homeostasis. Current evidence demonstrates an emerging role of hemichannels in myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia, and tools are now available to selectively inhibit hemichannels without inhibiting gap junctions as well as to stimulate hemichannel incorporation into gap junctions. We review available experimental evidence for hemichannel contributions to cellular pro-arrhythmic events in ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes, and link these to insights at the level of molecular control of connexin-43-based hemichannel opening. We conclude that a double-edged approach of both preventing hemichannel opening and preserving gap junctional function will be key for further research and development of new connexin-based experimental approaches for treating heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Aj De Smet
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessio Lissoni
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosalie Allewaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Katja Witschas
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Onódi Z, Koch S, Rubinstein J, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Drug repurposing for cardiovascular diseases: New targets and indications for probenecid. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:685-700. [PMID: 36484549 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The available pharmacological options in the management of cardiovascular diseases such as ischaemic heart disease and subsequent heart failure are effective in slowing the progression of this condition. However, the long-term prognosis is still poor, raising the demand for new therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing is a time- and cost-effective drug development strategy that offers approved and abandoned drugs a new chance for new indications. Recently, drugs used for the management of gout-related inflammation such as canakinumab or colchicine have been considered for drug repurposing in cardiovascular indications. The old uricosuric drug, probenecid, has been identified as a novel therapeutic option in the management of specific cardiac diseases as well. Probenecid can modulate myocardial contractility and vascular tone and exerts anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanisms behind these beneficial effects might be related inhibition of inflammasomes, and to modulation purinergic-pannexin-1 signalling and TRPV2 channels, which are recently identified molecular targets of probenecid. In this review, we provide an overview on repurposing probenecid for ischaemic heart disease and subsequent heart failure by summarizing the related experimental and clinical data and propose its potential repurposing to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sheryl Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Ortiz J, Bobkov YV, DeBiasse MB, Mitchell DG, Edgar A, Martindale MQ, Moss AG, Babonis LS, Ryan JF. Independent Innexin Radiation Shaped Signaling in Ctenophores. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:7026321. [PMID: 36740225 PMCID: PMC9949713 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innexins facilitate cell-cell communication by forming gap junctions or nonjunctional hemichannels, which play important roles in metabolic, chemical, ionic, and electrical coupling. The lack of knowledge regarding the evolution and role of these channels in ctenophores (comb jellies), the likely sister group to the rest of animals, represents a substantial gap in our understanding of the evolution of intercellular communication in animals. Here, we identify and phylogenetically characterize the complete set of innexins of four ctenophores: Mnemiopsis leidyi, Hormiphora californensis, Pleurobrachia bachei, and Beroe ovata. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that ctenophore innexins diversified independently from those of other animals and were established early in the emergence of ctenophores. We identified a four-innexin genomic cluster, which was present in the last common ancestor of these four species and has been largely maintained in these lineages. Evidence from correlated spatial and temporal gene expression of the M. leidyi innexin cluster suggests that this cluster has been maintained due to constraints related to gene regulation. We describe the basic electrophysiological properties of putative ctenophore hemichannels from muscle cells using intracellular recording techniques, showing substantial overlap with the properties of bilaterian innexin channels. Together, our results suggest that the last common ancestor of animals had gap junctional channels also capable of forming functional innexin hemichannels, and that innexin genes have independently evolved in major lineages throughout Metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa B DeBiasse
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA,School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy G Mitchell
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Allison Edgar
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Mark Q Martindale
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anthony G Moss
- Biological Sciences Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Leslie S Babonis
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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9
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Schultz TI, Raucci FJ, Salloum FN. Cardiovascular Disease in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:608-625. [PMID: 35818510 PMCID: PMC9270569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in patients with DMD. DMD has no cure, and there is no current consensus for treatment of DMD cardiomyopathy. This review discusses therapeutic strategies to potentially reduce or prevent cardiac dysfunction in DMD patients. Additional studies are needed to firmly establish optimal treatment modalities for DMD cardiomyopathy.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease affecting approximately 1 in every 3,500 male births worldwide. Multiple mutations in the dystrophin gene have been implicated as underlying causes of DMD. However, there remains no cure for patients with DMD, and cardiomyopathy has become the most common cause of death in the affected population. Extensive research is under way investigating molecular mechanisms that highlight potential therapeutic targets for the development of pharmacotherapy for DMD cardiomyopathy. In this paper, the authors perform a literature review reporting on recent ongoing efforts to identify novel therapeutic strategies to reduce, prevent, or reverse progression of cardiac dysfunction in DMD.
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10
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Endogenous pannexin1 channels form functional intercellular cell-cell channels with characteristic voltage-dependent properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202104119. [PMID: 35486697 PMCID: PMC9171361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 is a glycoprotein that has been shown to form functional plasma membrane channels and mediate many cellular signaling pathways. However, the formation and function of pannexin1-based intercellular cell–cell channels in mammalian cells and vertebrate tissue is a question of substantial debate. This work provides robust electrophysiological evidence to demonstrate that endogenously expressed human pannexin1 forms cell–cell channels and lays the groundwork for studying a potential new type of electrical synapses between many mammalian cell types that endogenously express pannexin1. The occurrence of intercellular channels formed by pannexin1 has been challenged for more than a decade. Here, we provide an electrophysiological characterization of exogenous human pannexin1 (hPanx1) cell–cell channels expressed in HeLa cells knocked out for connexin45. The observed hPanx1 cell–cell channels show two phenotypes: O-state and S-state. The former displayed low transjunctional voltage (Vj) sensitivity and single-channel conductance of ∼175 pS, with a substate of ∼35 pS; the latter showed a peculiar dynamic asymmetry in Vj dependence and single-channel conductance identical to the substate conductance of the O-state. S-state hPanx1 cell–cell channels were also identified between TC620 cells, a human oligodendroglioma cell line that endogenously expresses hPanx1. In these cells, dye and electrical coupling increased with temperature and were strongly reduced after hPanx1 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA or inhibited with Panx1 mimetic inhibitory peptide. Moreover, cell–cell coupling was augmented when hPanx1 levels were increased with a doxycycline-inducible expression system. Application of octanol, a connexin gap junction (GJ) channel inhibitor, was not sufficient to block electrical coupling between HeLa KO Cx45-hPanx1 or TC620 cell pairs. In silico studies suggest that several arginine residues inside the channel pore may be neutralized by hydrophobic interactions, allowing the passage of DAPI, consistent with dye coupling observed between TC620 cells. These findings demonstrate that endogenously expressed hPanx1 forms intercellular cell–cell channels and their unique properties resemble those described in innexin-based GJ channels. Since Panx1 is ubiquitously expressed, finding conditions to recognize Panx1 cell–cell channels in different cell types might require special attention.
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11
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Chiu YH, Medina CB, Doyle CA, Zhou M, Narahari AK, Sandilos JK, Gonye EC, Gao HY, Guo SY, Parlak M, Lorenz UM, Conrads TP, Desai BN, Ravichandran KS, Bayliss DA. Deacetylation as a receptor-regulated direct activation switch for pannexin channels. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4482. [PMID: 34301959 PMCID: PMC8302610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of Pannexin 1 (PANX1) ion channels causes release of intercellular signaling molecules in a variety of (patho)physiological contexts. PANX1 can be activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs), but how receptor engagement leads to channel opening remains unclear. Here, we show that GPCR-mediated PANX1 activation can occur via channel deacetylation. We find that α1-AR-mediated activation of PANX1 channels requires Gαq but is independent of phospholipase C or intracellular calcium. Instead, α1-AR-mediated PANX1 activation involves RhoA, mammalian diaphanous (mDia)-related formin, and a cytosolic lysine deacetylase activated by mDia - histone deacetylase 6. HDAC6 associates with PANX1 and activates PANX1 channels, even in excised membrane patches, suggesting direct deacetylation of PANX1. Substitution of basally-acetylated intracellular lysine residues identified on PANX1 by mass spectrometry either prevents HDAC6-mediated activation (K140/409Q) or renders the channels constitutively active (K140R). These data define a non-canonical RhoA-mDia-HDAC6 signaling pathway for GαqPCR activation of PANX1 channels and uncover lysine acetylation-deacetylation as an ion channel silencing-activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Christopher B Medina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Catherine A Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Inova Center for Personalized Health, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Adishesh K Narahari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joanna K Sandilos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Gonye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Gao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mahmut Parlak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Inova Center for Personalized Health, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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12
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A physiologic rise in cytoplasmic calcium ion signal increases pannexin1 channel activity via a C-terminus phosphorylation by CaMKII. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108967118. [PMID: 34301850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108967118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels are ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells and are widely accepted as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-releasing membrane channels. Activation of Panx1 has been associated with phosphorylation in a specific tyrosine residue or cleavage of its C-terminal domains. In the present work, we identified a residue (S394) as a putative phosphorylation site by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). In HeLa cells transfected with rat Panx1 (rPanx1), membrane stretch (MS)-induced activation-measured by changes in DAPI uptake rate-was drastically reduced by either knockdown of Piezo1 or pharmacological inhibition of calmodulin or CaMKII. By site-directed mutagenesis we generated rPanx1S394A-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein), which lost its sensitivity to MS, and rPanx1S394D-EGFP, mimicking phosphorylation, which shows high DAPI uptake rate without MS stimulation or cleavage of the C terminus. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and outside-out excised patch configurations, we found that rPanx1-EGFP and rPanx1S394D-EGFP channels showed current at all voltages between ±100 mV, similar single channel currents with outward rectification, and unitary conductance (∼30 to 70 pS). However, using cell-attached configuration we found that rPanx1S394D-EGFP channels show increased spontaneous unitary events independent of MS stimulation. In silico studies revealed that phosphorylation of S394 caused conformational changes in the selectivity filter and increased the average volume of lateral tunnels, allowing ATP to be released via these conduits and DAPI uptake directly from the channel mouth to the cytoplasmic space. These results could explain one possible mechanism for activation of rPanx1 upon increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ signal elicited by diverse physiological conditions in which the C-terminal domain is not cleaved.
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13
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Yokoyama S, Shigeishi H, Murodumi H, Sakuma M, Ono S, Tobiume K, Ohta K, Takechi M. Effects of miR-224-5p-enhanced downregulation of pannexin-1 on docetaxel-induced apoptosis in amoeboid-like CD44 high oral cancer cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12812. [PMID: 34236115 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that microRNAs play major roles in the maintenance of amoeboid-like oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells with high expression of CD44 (CD44high ). However, the roles of microRNAs in chemotherapeutic resistance exhibited by CD44high amoeboid-like OSCC cells are unclear. Here, docetaxel-induced apoptosis was examined in CD44high OSCC cells (CD44high OM-1 cells) cultured on laminin-coated silicone gel. Amoeboid-like CD44high OSCC cells exhibited robust resistance to docetaxel-induced apoptosis and significant upregulation of miR-224-5p expression compared with epithelial-like CD44high OSCC cells and mesenchymal-like CD44high OSCC cells. The expression of pannexin-1 (PANX1), a channel-forming protein that regulates the release of ATP, was significantly upregulated following transfection of amoeboid-like CD44high OSCC cells with an miR-224-5p inhibitor. These results suggest that miR-224-5p inhibits PANX1 expression. Furthermore, miR-224-5p inhibitor-transfected amoeboid-like CD44high OSCC cells exhibited significant enhancement of the proportion of apoptotic cells; however, this effect was significantly inhibited by knockdown of PANX1 with PANX1 small interfering RNA. Additionally, the miR-224-5p inhibitor-enhanced extracellular ATP levels were significantly reduced by PANX1 knockdown. These findings imply that miR-224-5p plays a vital role in the resistance to docetaxel-induced apoptosis by attenuating PANX1-induced ATP discharge. Moreover, amoeboid-like CD44high OSCC cells may be involved in chemotherapeutic resistance of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yokoyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murodumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Tobiume
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Mim C, Perkins G, Dahl G. Structure versus function: Are new conformations of pannexin 1 yet to be resolved? J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211971. [PMID: 33835130 PMCID: PMC8042604 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) plays a decisive role in multiple physiological and pathological settings, including oxygen delivery to tissues, mucociliary clearance in airways, sepsis, neuropathic pain, and epilepsy. It is widely accepted that Panx1 exerts its role in the context of purinergic signaling by providing a transmembrane pathway for ATP. However, under certain conditions, Panx1 can also act as a highly selective membrane channel for chloride ions without ATP permeability. A recent flurry of publications has provided structural information about the Panx1 channel. However, while these structures are consistent with a chloride selective channel, none show a conformation with strong support for the ATP release function of Panx1. In this Viewpoint, we critically assess the existing evidence for the function and structure of the Panx1 channel and conclude that the structure corresponding to the ATP permeation pathway is yet to be determined. We also list a set of additional topics needing attention and propose ways to attain the large-pore, ATP-permeable conformation of the Panx1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Mim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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15
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De Smet MA, Lissoni A, Nezlobinsky T, Wang N, Dries E, Pérez-Hernández M, Lin X, Amoni M, Vervliet T, Witschas K, Rothenberg E, Bultynck G, Schulz R, Panfilov AV, Delmar M, Sipido KR, Leybaert L. Cx43 hemichannel microdomain signaling at the intercalated disc enhances cardiac excitability. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137752. [PMID: 33621213 DOI: 10.1172/jci137752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cx43, a major cardiac connexin, forms precursor hemichannels that accrue at the intercalated disc to assemble as gap junctions. While gap junctions are crucial for electrical conduction in the heart, little is known about the potential roles of hemichannels. Recent evidence suggests that inhibiting Cx43 hemichannel opening with Gap19 has antiarrhythmic effects. Here, we used multiple electrophysiology, imaging, and super-resolution techniques to understand and define the conditions underlying Cx43 hemichannel activation in ventricular cardiomyocytes, their contribution to diastolic Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and their impact on electrical stability. We showed that Cx43 hemichannels were activated during diastolic Ca2+ release in single ventricular cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte cell pairs from mice and pigs. This activation involved Cx43 hemichannel Ca2+ entry and coupling to Ca2+ release microdomains at the intercalated disc, resulting in enhanced Ca2+ dynamics. Hemichannel opening furthermore contributed to delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered action potentials. In single cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocyte cell pairs, and arterially perfused tissue wedges from failing human hearts, increased hemichannel activity contributed to electrical instability compared with nonfailing rejected donor hearts. We conclude that microdomain coupling between Cx43 hemichannels and Ca2+ release is a potentially novel, targetable mechanism of cardiac arrhythmogenesis in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Aj De Smet
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Alessio Lissoni
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timur Nezlobinsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Nan Wang
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Amoni
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja Witschas
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander V Panfilov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Arrhythmia Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Andelova K, Egan Benova T, Szeiffova Bacova B, Sykora M, Prado NJ, Diez ER, Hlivak P, Tribulova N. Cardiac Connexin-43 Hemichannels and Pannexin1 Channels: Provocative Antiarrhythmic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010260. [PMID: 33383853 PMCID: PMC7795512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac connexin-43 (Cx43) creates gap junction channels (GJCs) at intercellular contacts and hemi-channels (HCs) at the peri-junctional plasma membrane and sarcolemmal caveolae/rafts compartments. GJCs are fundamental for the direct cardiac cell-to-cell transmission of electrical and molecular signals which ensures synchronous myocardial contraction. The HCs and structurally similar pannexin1 (Panx1) channels are active in stressful conditions. These channels are essential for paracrine and autocrine communication through the release of ions and signaling molecules to the extracellular environment, or for uptake from it. The HCs and Panx1 channel-opening profoundly affects intracellular ionic homeostasis and redox status and facilitates via purinergic signaling pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic processes. These conditions promote cardiac arrhythmogenesis due to the impairment of the GJCs and selective ion channel function. Crosstalk between GJCs and HCs/Panx1 channels could be crucial in the development of arrhythmogenic substrates, including fibrosis. Despite the knowledge gap in the regulation of these channels, current evidence indicates that HCs and Panx1 channel activation can enhance the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. It is extremely challenging to target HCs and Panx1 channels by inhibitory agents to hamper development of cardiac rhythm disorders. Progress in this field may contribute to novel therapeutic approaches for patients prone to develop atrial or ventricular fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.A.); (T.E.B.); (B.S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Tamara Egan Benova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.A.); (T.E.B.); (B.S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.A.); (T.E.B.); (B.S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.A.); (T.E.B.); (B.S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, M5500 Mendoza, Argentina; (N.J.P.); (E.R.D.)
| | - Emiliano Raul Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, M5500 Mendoza, Argentina; (N.J.P.); (E.R.D.)
| | - Peter Hlivak
- Department of Arrhythmias and Pacing, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83348 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.A.); (T.E.B.); (B.S.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-32295-423
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17
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Navis KE, Fan CY, Trang T, Thompson RJ, Derksen DJ. Pannexin 1 Channels as a Therapeutic Target: Structure, Inhibition, and Outlook. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2163-2172. [PMID: 32639715 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels are transmembrane proteins that release adenosine triphosphate and play an important role in intercellular communication. They are widely expressed in somatic and nervous system tissues, and their activity has been associated with many pathologies such as stroke, epilepsy, inflammation, and chronic pain. While there are a variety of small molecules known to inhibit Panx1, currently little is known about the mechanism of channel inhibition, and there is a dearth of sufficiently potent and selective drugs targeting Panx1. Herein we provide a review of the current literature on Panx1 structural biology and known pharmacological agents that will help provide a basis for rational development of Panx1 chemical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Navis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Churmy Y. Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roger J. Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Darren J. Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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18
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Lissoni A, Hulpiau P, Martins-Marques T, Wang N, Bultynck G, Schulz R, Witschas K, Girao H, De Smet M, Leybaert L. RyR2 regulates Cx43 hemichannel intracellular Ca2+-dependent activation in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 117:123-136. [PMID: 31841141 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Connexin-based gap junctions are crucial for electrical communication in the heart; they are each composed of two docked hemichannels (HCs), supplied as unpaired channels via the sarcolemma. When open, an unpaired HC forms a large pore, high-conductance and Ca2+-permeable membrane shunt pathway that may disturb cardiomyocyte function. HCs composed of connexin 43 (Cx43), a major cardiac connexin, can be opened by electrical stimulation but only by very positive membrane potentials. Here, we investigated the activation of Cx43 HCs in murine ventricular cardiomyocytes voltage-clamped at -70 mV. METHODS AND RESULTS Using whole-cell patch-clamp, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, proximity ligation assays, and protein docking studies, we found that stimulation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) triggered unitary currents with a single-channel conductance of ∼220 pS, which were strongly reduced by Cx43 knockdown. Recordings under Ca2+-clamp conditions showed that both RyR activation and intracellular Ca2+ elevation were necessary for HC opening. Proximity ligation studies indicated close Cx43-RyR2 apposition (<40 nm), and both proteins co-immunoprecipitated indicating physical interaction. Molecular modelling suggested a strongly conserved RyR-mimicking peptide sequence (RyRHCIp), which inhibited RyR/Ca2+ HC activation but not voltage-triggered activation. The peptide also slowed down action potential repolarization. Interestingly, alterations in the concerned RyR sequence are known to be associated with primary familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Cx43 HCs are intimately linked to RyRs, allowing them to open at negative diastolic membrane potential in response to RyR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lissoni
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences-Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, HOWEST University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen), Bruges, Belgium
| | - Tânia Martins-Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences-Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institut für Physiologie, JustusLiebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Witschas
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences-Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maarten De Smet
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences-Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences-Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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19
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Kienitz MC, Niemeyer A, König GM, Kostenis E, Pott L, Rinne A. Biased signaling of Ca 2+-sensing receptors in cardiac myocytes regulates GIRK channel activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:107-121. [PMID: 30935998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) belong to the class C of G protein-coupled receptors and are activated by extracellular Ca2+. CaSRs display biased G protein signaling by coupling to different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins depending on agonist and cell type. In this study we used fluorescent biosensors to directly analyze G protein coupling to CaSRs and downstream signaling in living cells. In HEK 293 cells, CaSRs displayed biased signaling: elevation of extracellular Ca2+ or application of the alternative agonist spermine caused activation of Gi- and Gq-proteins. Adult cardiac myocytes express endogenous CaSRs, which have been implicated in regulating Ca2+ signaling and contractility. Biased signaling of CaSRs has not been investigated in these cells. To evaluate efficiencies of Gi- and Gq-signaling via CaSRs in rat atrial myocytes, we measured G protein-activated K+ (GIRK) channels. Activation of GIRK requires binding of Gβγ subunits released from Gi proteins, whereas Gq-signaling results in inhibition of GIRK channel activity. Stimulation of CaSRs by Ca2+ or spermine failed to directly activate Gi and GIRK channels. When GIRK channels were pre-activated via endogenous M2 receptors, stimulation of CaSRs caused pronounced inhibition of GIRK currents. This effect was specific to CaSR activation: GIRK current inhibition was sensitive to NPS-2143, a negative allosteric modulator of CaSRs, and abrogated by FR900359, a direct inhibitor of Gq. GIRK current inhibition was also sensitive to the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, suggesting that following activation of CaSR and Gq, GIRK currents are modulated by PKC phosphorylation. We conclude from this data that cardiac CaSRs do not activate Gi and affect GIRK currents preferentially via the Gq/PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Niemeyer
- Department of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lutz Pott
- Department of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Rinne
- Department of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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20
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O’Hare EA, Antin PB, Delany ME. Two Proximally Close Priority Candidate Genes for diplopodia-1, an Autosomal Inherited Craniofacial-Limb Syndrome in the Chicken: MRE11 and GPR83. J Hered 2019; 110:194-210. [PMID: 30597046 PMCID: PMC6399517 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and expression technologies were utilized to investigate the genes and sequence elements in a 586 kb region of chicken chromosome 1 associated with the autosomal recessive diplopodia-1 (dp-1) mutation. This mutation shows a syndromic phenotype similar to known human developmental abnormalities (e.g., cleft palate, polydactyly, omphalocele [exposed viscera]). Toward our goal to ascertain the variant responsible, the entire 586 kb region was sequenced following utilization of a specifically designed capture array and to confirm/validate fine-mapping results. Bioinformatic analyses identified a total of 6142 sequence variants, which included SNPs, indels, and gaps. Of these, 778 SNPs, 146 micro-indels, and 581 gaps were unique to the UCD-Dp-1.003 inbred congenic line; those found within exons and splice sites were studied for contribution to the mutant phenotype. Upon further validation with additional mutant samples, a smaller subset (of variants [51]) remains linked to the mutation. Additionally, utilization of specific samples in the NGS technology was advantageous in that fine-mapping methodologies eliminated an additional 326 kb of sequence information on chromosome 1. Predicted and confirmed protein-coding genes within the smaller 260 kb region were assessed for their developmental expression patterns over several stages of early embryogenesis in regions/tissues of interest (e.g., digits, craniofacial region). Based on these results and known function in other vertebrates, 2 genes within 5 kb of each other, MRE11 and GPR83, are proposed as high-priority candidates for the dp-1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O’Hare
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
- Elizabeth A. O’Hare is now at the Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD
| | - Parker B Antin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mary E Delany
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
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21
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Novielli-Kuntz NM, Jelen M, Barr K, DeLalio LJ, Feng Q, Isakson BE, Gros R, Laird DW. Ablation of both Cx40 and Panx1 results in similar cardiovascular phenotypes exhibited in Cx40 knockout mice. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182350. [PMID: 30745457 PMCID: PMC6393227 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are highly regulated large-pore channel-forming proteins that participate in cellular communication via small molecular exchange with the extracellular microenvironment, or in the case of connexins, directly between cells. Given the putative functional overlap between single membrane-spanning connexin hemichannels and Panx channels, and cardiovascular system prevalence, we generated the first Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mouse with the anticipation that this genetic modification would lead to a severe cardiovascular phenotype. Mice null for both Cx40 and Panx1 produced litter sizes and adult growth progression similar to wild-type (WT), Cx40-/- and Panx1-/- mice. Akin to Cx40-/- mice, Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure compared with WT and Panx1-/- mice; however assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening revealed no evidence of cardiac dysfunction between groups. Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function. Surprisingly, elevated kidney renin mRNA expression, plasma renin activity, and extraglomerular renin-producing cell populations found in Cx40-/- mice was further exaggerated in double knockout mice. Thus, while gestation and gross development were conserved in Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice, they exhibit cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, and impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation that phenocopies Cx40-/- mice. Nevertheless, the augmented renin homeostasis observed in the double knockout mice suggests that both Cx40 and Panx1 may play an integrative role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Jelen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology London, ON, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Robert Gros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology London, ON, Canada
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22
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Becker LV, Passos DF, Leal DBR, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. ATP signaling and NTPDase in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Immunobiology 2019; 224:419-426. [PMID: 30803848 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease with periods of exacerbation and remission. SLE is characterized by the irreversible breakdown of immunological self-tolerance, where there is deregulation of multiple aspects of the immune system. SLE immune dysfunction is characterized by activation of autoreactive T lymphocytes, and hyperactivity of B lymphocytes with consequent production of several autoantibodies. ATP is a purinergic mediator released into the extracellular space in response to cell and tissue damage which operates as a danger signal to modulate immune and inflammatory responses. ATP binds to P2 receptors and its levels are regulated by NTPDase (CD39). SLE patients exhibit increased levels of ATP which binds to P2X receptors resulting in activation of the inflammasome and consequent release of IL-1β and IL-18, cytokines associated with disease pathogenesis. CD39 is upregulated in SLE representing an important immunoregulatory mechanism by controlling inflammation and favoring the production of adenosine. The aim of this review is to clarify the effects of ATP on the modulation of the inflammatory process and immune responses via P2 receptors as well as the role of NTPDase in the immunopathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vargas Becker
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Ferreira Passos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Barría I, Güiza J, Cifuentes F, Zamorano P, Sáez JC, González J, Vega JL. Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Induces Pannexin-1 Channel Opening in Cardiac Myocytes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:105-112. [PMID: 29141748 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas diseases, invades the cardiac tissue causing acute myocarditis and heart electrical disturbances. In T. cruzi invasion, the parasite induces [Ca2+]i transients in the host cells, an essential phenomenon for invasion. To date, knowledge on the mechanism that elicits transients of [Ca2+]i during the infection of cardiac myocytes has not been fully characterized. Pannexin1 (Panx1) channel are poorly selective channels found in all vertebrates that serve as a pathway for ATP release. In this article, we demonstrate that T. cruzi infection results in the opening of Panx1 channels in cardiac myocytes. We show that pharmacological blockade of Panx1 channels inhibits T. cruzi-induced [Ca2+]i transients and invasion in cardiac myocytes. Our results indicate that opening of Panx1 channels are required for T. cruzi invasion in cardiac myocytes, and we propose that targeting Panx1 channel could provide new potential therapeutic approaches to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Barría
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Juan Güiza
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Pedro Zamorano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - José L Vega
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory (EPhyL), Antofagasta Institute, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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24
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Molecular Identities and ATP Release Activities of Two Types of Volume-Regulatory Anion Channels, VSOR and Maxi-Cl. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:125-176. [PMID: 30243431 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An elaborate volume regulation system based on interplay of ion channels and transporters was evolved to cope with constant osmotic challenges caused by intensive metabolism, transport and other physiological/pathophysiological events. In animal cells, two types of anion channels are directly activated by cell swelling and involved in the regulatory volume decrease (RVD): volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (VSOR), also called volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), and Maxi-Cl which is the most major type of maxi-anion channel (MAC). These two channels have very different biophysical profiles and exhibit opposite dependence on intracellular ATP. After several decades of verifying many false-positive candidates for VSOR and Maxi-Cl, LRRC8 family proteins emerged as major VSOR components, and SLCO2A1 protein as a core of Maxi-Cl. Still, neither of these proteins alone can fully reproduce the native channel phenotypes suggesting existence of missing components. Although both VSOR and Maxi-Cl have pores wide enough to accommodate bulky ATP4- and MgATP2- anions, evidence accumulated hitherto, based on pharmacological and gene silencing experiments, suggests that Maxi-Cl, but not VSOR, serves as one of the major pathways for the release of ATP from swollen and ischemic/hypoxic cells. Relations of VSOR and Maxi-Cl with diseases and their selective pharmacology are the topics promoted by recent advance in molecular identification of the two volume-activated, volume-regulatory anion channels.
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25
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Chiu YH, Schappe MS, Desai BN, Bayliss DA. Revisiting multimodal activation and channel properties of Pannexin 1. J Gen Physiol 2017; 150:19-39. [PMID: 29233884 PMCID: PMC5749114 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms plasma membrane ion channels that are widely expressed throughout the body. Panx1 activation results in the release of nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate. Thus, these channels have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological functions associated with purinergic signaling, such as apoptotic cell clearance, blood pressure regulation, neuropathic pain, and excitotoxicity. In light of this, substantial attention has been directed to understanding the mechanisms that regulate Panx1 channel expression and activation. Here we review accumulated evidence for the various activation mechanisms described for Panx1 channels and, where possible, the unitary channel properties associated with those forms of activation. We also emphasize current limitations in studying Panx1 channel function and propose potential directions to clarify the exciting and expanding roles of Panx1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Michael S Schappe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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26
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Leybaert L, Lampe PD, Dhein S, Kwak BR, Ferdinandy P, Beyer EC, Laird DW, Naus CC, Green CR, Schulz R. Connexins in Cardiovascular and Neurovascular Health and Disease: Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:396-478. [PMID: 28931622 PMCID: PMC5612248 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are ubiquitous channel forming proteins that assemble as plasma membrane hemichannels and as intercellular gap junction channels that directly connect cells. In the heart, gap junction channels electrically connect myocytes and specialized conductive tissues to coordinate the atrial and ventricular contraction/relaxation cycles and pump function. In blood vessels, these channels facilitate long-distance endothelial cell communication, synchronize smooth muscle cell contraction, and support endothelial-smooth muscle cell communication. In the central nervous system they form cellular syncytia and coordinate neural function. Gap junction channels are normally open and hemichannels are normally closed, but pathologic conditions may restrict gap junction communication and promote hemichannel opening, thereby disturbing a delicate cellular communication balance. Until recently, most connexin-targeting agents exhibited little specificity and several off-target effects. Recent work with peptide-based approaches has demonstrated improved specificity and opened avenues for a more rational approach toward independently modulating the function of gap junctions and hemichannels. We here review the role of connexins and their channels in cardiovascular and neurovascular health and disease, focusing on crucial regulatory aspects and identification of potential targets to modify their function. We conclude that peptide-based investigations have raised several new opportunities for interfering with connexins and their channels that may soon allow preservation of gap junction communication, inhibition of hemichannel opening, and mitigation of inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Eric C Beyer
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Dale W Laird
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Christian C Naus
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Colin R Green
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (L.L.); Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (P.D.L.); Institute for Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (S.D.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medical Specialization-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (B.R.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (E.C.B.); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Dental Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada (D.W.L.); Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (C.C.N.); Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.R.G.); and Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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27
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Quiles JM, Narasimhan M, Mosbruger T, Shanmugam G, Crossman D, Rajasekaran NS. Identification of transcriptome signature for myocardial reductive stress. Redox Biol 2017; 13:568-580. [PMID: 28768233 PMCID: PMC5536881 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2/Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant gene transcription. We recently identified that constitutive activation of Nrf2 (CaNrf2) caused reductive stress (RS) in the myocardium. Here we investigate how chronic Nrf2 activation alters myocardial mRNA transcriptome in the hearts of CaNrf2 transgenic (TG-low and TG-high) mice using an unbiased integrated systems approach and next generation RNA sequencing followed by qRT-PCR methods. A total of 246 and 1031 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the heart of TGL and TGH in relation to NTG littermates at ~ 6 months of age. Notably, the expression and validation of the transcripts were gene-dosage dependent and statistically significant. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified enriched biological processes and canonical pathways associated with myocardial RS in the CaNrf2-TG mice. In addition, an overrepresentation of xenobiotic metabolic signaling, glutathione-mediated detoxification, unfolded protein response, and protein ubiquitination was observed. Other, non-canonical signaling pathways identified include: eNOS, integrin-linked kinase, glucocorticoid receptor, PI3/AKT, actin cytoskeleton, cardiac hypertrophy, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. In conclusion, this mRNA profiling identified a "biosignature" for pro-reductive (TGL) and reductive stress (TGH) that can predict the onset, rate of progression, and clinical outcome of Nrf2-dependent myocardial complications. We anticipate that this global sequencing analysis will illuminate the undesirable effect of chronic Nrf2 signaling leading to RS-mediated pathogenesis besides providing important guidance for the application of Nrf2 activation-based cytoprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Quiles
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Timothy Mosbruger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugam
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Zoidl G. Mechanisms of pannexin1 channel gating and regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:65-71. [PMID: 28735901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins are a family of integral membrane proteins with distinct post-translational modifications, sub-cellular localization and tissue distribution. Panx1 is the most studied and best-characterized isoform of this gene family. The ubiquitous expression, as well as its function as a major ATP release and nucleotide permeation channel, makes Panx1 a primary candidate for participating in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders. While many investigations revolve around Panx1 functions in health and disease, more recently, details started emerging about mechanisms that control Panx1 channel activity. These advancements in Panx1 biology have revealed that beyond its classical role as an unopposed plasma membrane channel, it participates in alternative pathways involving multiple intracellular compartments, protein complexes and a myriad of extracellular participants. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of Panx1 at the center of these pathways, highlighting its modulation in a context specific manner. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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Xu J, Chen L, Li L. Pannexin hemichannels: A novel promising therapy target for oxidative stress related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2075-2090. [PMID: 28295275 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins, which contain three subtypes: pannexin-1, -2, and -3, are vertebrate glycoproteins that form non-junctional plasma membrane intracellular hemichannels via oligomerization. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance of the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies have shown that elevated ROS levels are pivotal in the development of a variety of diseases. Recent studies indicate that the occurrence of these oxidative stress related diseases is associated with pannexin hemichannels. It is also reported that pannexins regulate the production of ROS which in turn may increase the opening of pannexin hemichannels. In this paper, we review recent researches about the important role of pannexin hemichannels in oxidative stress related diseases. Thus, pannexin hemichannels, novel therapeutic targets, hold promise in managing oxidative stress related diseases such as the tumor, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance (IR), and neural degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, P. R. China
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30
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Scemes E, Velíšková J. Exciting and not so exciting roles of pannexins. Neurosci Lett 2017; 695:25-31. [PMID: 28284836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is the current view that purinergic signaling regulates many physiological functions. Pannexin1 (Panx1), a member of the gap junction family of proteins is an ATP releasing channel that plays important physio-pathological roles in various tissues, including the CNS. Upon binding to purinergic receptors expressed in neural cells, ATP triggers cellular responses including increased cell proliferation, cell morphology changes, release of cytokines, and regulation of neuronal excitability via release of glutamate, GABA and ATP itself. Under pathological conditions such as ischemia, trauma, inflammation, and epilepsy, extracellular ATP concentrations increases drastically but the consequences of this surge is still difficult to characterize due to its rapid metabolism in ADP and adenosine, the latter having inhibitory action on neuronal activity. For seizures, for instance, the excitatory effect of ATP on neuronal activity is mainly related to its action of P2X receptors, while the inhibitory effects are related to activation of P1, adenosine receptors. Here we provide a mini review on the properties of pannexins with a main focus on Panx1 and its involvement in seizure activity. Although there are only few studies implicating Panx1 in seizures, they are illustrative of the dual role that Panx1 has on neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Scemes
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Jana Velíšková
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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31
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Cogliati B, Mennecier G, Willebrords J, Da Silva TC, Maes M, Pereira IVA, Crespo-Yanguas S, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Dagli MLZ, Vinken M. Connexins, Pannexins, and Their Channels in Fibroproliferative Diseases. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:199-213. [PMID: 26914707 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of wound healing, tissue repair, and fibrogenesis are established in different organs and are essential for the maintenance of function and tissue integrity after cell injury. These mechanisms are also involved in a plethora of fibroproliferative diseases or organ-specific fibrotic disorders, all of which are associated with the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Fibroblasts, which are key cells in tissue repair and fibrogenesis, rely on communicative cellular networks to ensure efficient control of these processes and to prevent abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix into the tissue. Despite the significant impact on human health, and thus the epidemiologic relevance, there is still no effective treatment for most fibrosis-related diseases. This paper provides an overview of current concepts and mechanisms involved in the participation of cellular communication via connexin-based pores as well as pannexin-based channels in the processes of tissue repair and fibrogenesis in chronic diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to clinically manage fibroproliferative diseases and organ-specific fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregory Mennecier
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sara Crespo-Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Maria Lúcia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Novitskaya T, Chepurko E, Covarrubias R, Novitskiy S, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Gumina RJ. Extracellular nucleotide regulation and signaling in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:47-56. [PMID: 26891859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction, purinergic nucleotides and nucleosides are released via non-specific and specific mechanisms in response to cellular activation, stress, or injury. These extracellular nucleotides are potent mediators of physiologic and pathologic responses, contributing to the inflammatory and fibrotic milieu within the injured myocardium. Via autocrine or paracrine signaling, cell-specific effects occur through differentially expressed purinergic receptors of the P2X, P2Y, and P1 families. Nucleotide activation of the ionotropic (ligand-gated) purine receptors (P2X) and several of the metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) purine receptors (P2Y) or adenosine activation of the P1 receptors can have profound effects on inflammatory cell function, fibroblast function, and cardiomyocyte function. Extracellular nucleotidases that hydrolyze released nucleotides regulate the magnitude and duration of purinergic signaling. While there are numerous studies on the role of the purinergic signaling pathway in cardiovascular disease, the extent to which the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibrosis is incompletely understood. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of how the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibroblast function and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Gonzalez JP, Ramachandran J, Xie LH, Contreras JE, Fraidenraich D. Selective Connexin43 Inhibition Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Arrhythmias and Lethality in Muscular Dystrophy Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13490. [PMID: 26311238 PMCID: PMC4550874 DOI: 10.1038/srep13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by an X-linked mutation that leads to the absence of dystrophin, resulting in life-threatening arrhythmogenesis and associated heart failure. We targeted the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) responsible for maintaining cardiac conduction. In mild mdx and severe mdx:utr mouse models of DMD, and human DMD tissues, Cx43 was found to be pathologically mislocalized to lateral sides of cardiomyocytes. In addition, overall Cx43 protein levels were markedly increased in mouse and human DMD heart tissues examined. Electrocardiography on isoproterenol challenged mice showed that both models developed arrhythmias and died within 24 hours, while wild-type mice were free of pathology. Administering peptide mimetics to inhibit lateralized Cx43 function prior to challenge protected mdx mice from arrhythmogenesis and death, while mdx:utr mice displayed markedly improved ECG scores. These findings suggest that Cx43 lateralization contributes significantly to DMD arrhythmogenesis and that selective inhibition may provide substantial benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Jorge E Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
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Meens MJ, Kwak BR, Duffy HS. Role of connexins and pannexins in cardiovascular physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2779-92. [PMID: 26091747 PMCID: PMC11113959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Connexins and pannexins form connexons, pannexons and membrane channels, which are critically involved in many aspects of cardiovascular physiology. For that reason, a vast number of studies have addressed the role of connexins and pannexins in the arterial and venous systems as well as in the heart. Moreover, a role for connexins in lymphatics has recently also been suggested. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the involvement of connexins and pannexins in cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn J. Meens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Specializations-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Specializations-Cardiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bravo D, Maturana CJ, Pelissier T, Hernández A, Constandil L. Interactions of pannexin 1 with NMDA and P2X7 receptors in central nervous system pathologies: Possible role on chronic pain. Pharmacol Res 2015. [PMID: 26211949 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a glycoprotein that acts as a membrane channel in a wide variety of tissues in mammals. In the central nervous system (CNS) Panx1 is expressed in neurons, astrocytes and microglia, participating in the pathophysiology of some CNS diseases, such as epilepsy, anoxic depolarization after stroke and neuroinflammation. In these conditions Panx1 acts as an important modulator of the neuroinflammatory response, by secreting ATP, by interacting with the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), and as an amplifier of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) currents, particularly in conditions of pathological neuronal hyperexcitability. Here, we briefly reviewed the current evidences that support the interaction of Panx1 with NMDAR and P2X7R in pathological contexts of the CNS, with special focus in recent data supporting that Panx1 is involved in chronic pain signaling by interacting with NMDAR in neurons and with P2X7R in glia. The participation of Panx1 in chronic pain constitutes a novel topic for research in the field of clinical neurosciences and a potential target for pharmacological interventions in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bravo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Chile; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sport, Health and Recreation, University Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile.
| | - C J Maturana
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Chile
| | - T Pelissier
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - A Hernández
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Chile
| | - L Constandil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Chile
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Pannexin 1 is required for full activation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. Mol Metab 2015; 4:610-8. [PMID: 26413467 PMCID: PMC4563021 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Defective glucose uptake in adipocytes leads to impaired metabolic homeostasis and insulin resistance, hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Extracellular ATP-derived nucleotides and nucleosides are important regulators of adipocyte function, but the pathway for controlled ATP release from adipocytes is unknown. Here, we investigated whether Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels control ATP release from adipocytes and contribute to metabolic homeostasis. Methods We assessed Panx1 functionality in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in adipocytes isolated from murine white adipose tissue by measuring ATP release in response to known activators of Panx1 channels. Glucose uptake in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes was measured in the presence of Panx1 pharmacologic inhibitors and in adipocytes isolated from white adipose tissue from wildtype (WT) or adipocyte-specific Panx1 knockout (AdipPanx1 KO) mice generated in our laboratory. We performed in vivo glucose uptake studies in chow fed WT and AdipPanx1 KO mice and assessed insulin resistance in WT and AdipPanx1 KO mice fed a high fat diet for 12 weeks. Panx1 channel function was assessed in response to insulin by performing electrophysiologic recordings in a heterologous expression system. Finally, we measured Panx1 mRNA in human visceral adipose tissue samples by qRT-PCR and compared expression levels with glucose levels and HOMA-IR measurements in patients. Results Our data show that adipocytes express functional Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels that can be activated to release ATP. Pharmacologic inhibition or selective genetic deletion of Panx1 from adipocytes decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo and exacerbated diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Further, we identify insulin as a novel activator of Panx1 channels. In obese humans Panx1 expression in adipose tissue is increased and correlates with the degree of insulin resistance. Conclusions We show that Panx1 channel activity regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes and thus contributes to control of metabolic homeostasis. Adipocytes express Pannexin 1 channels that can be activated to release ATP. Inhibition of Pannexin 1 decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes. Adipocyte Pannexin 1 knockout mice are more insulin resistant on high fat diet. We identify insulin as a novel activator of Pannexin 1 channels. Pannexin 1 expression in human adipose tissue correlates with insulin resistance.
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Li L, He L, Wu D, Chen L, Jiang Z. Pannexin-1 channels and their emerging functions in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:391-6. [PMID: 25921414 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin-1, Pannexin-2, and Pannexin-3 are three members of the Pannexin family of channel-forming glycoprotein. Their primary function is defined by their ability to form single-membrane channels. Pannexin-1 ubiquitously exists in many cells and organs throughout the body and is specially distributed in the circulatory system, while the expressions of Pannexin-2 and Pannexin-3 are mostly restricted to organs and tissues. Pannexin-1 oligomers have been shown to be functional single membrane channels that connect intracellular and extracellular compartments and are not intercellular channels in appositional membranes. The physiological functions of Pannexin-1 are to link to the adenosine triphosphate efflux that acts as a paracrine signal, and regulate cellular inflammasomes in a variety of cell types under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, there are still many functions to be explored. This review summarizes recent reports and discusses the role of Pannexin-1 in cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia, arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertension. Pannexin-1 has been suggested as an exciting, clinically relevant target in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Li
- Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Montero TD, Orellana JA. Hemichannels: new pathways for gliotransmitter release. Neuroscience 2014; 286:45-59. [PMID: 25475761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that glial cells express virtually all known types of neurotransmitter receptors, enabling them to sense neuronal activity and microenvironment changes by responding locally via the Ca(2+)-dependent release of bioactive molecules, known as "gliotransmitters". Several mechanisms of gliotransmitter release have been documented. One of these mechanisms involves the opening of plasma membrane channels, known as hemichannels. These channels are composed of six protein subunits consisting of connexins or pannexins, two highly conserved protein families encoded by 21 or 3 genes, respectively, in humans. Most data indicate that under physiological conditions, glial cell hemichannels have low activity, but this activity is sufficient to ensure the release of relevant quantities of gliotransmitters to the extracellular milieu, including ATP, glutamate, adenosine and glutathione. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that dysregulations of hemichannel properties could be critical in the beginning and during the maintenance of homeostatic imbalances observed in several brain diseases. In this study, we review the current knowledge on the hemichannel-dependent release of gliotransmitters in the physiology and pathophysiology of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Montero
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Cheung G, Chever O, Rouach N. Connexons and pannexons: newcomers in neurophysiology. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:348. [PMID: 25408635 PMCID: PMC4219455 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin hemichannels are single membrane channels which have been traditionally thought to work in pairs to form gap junction channels across two opposing cells. In astrocytes, gap junction channels allow direct intercellular communication and greatly facilitate the transmission of signals. Recently, there has been growing evidence demonstrating that connexin hemichannels, as well as pannexin channels, on their own are open in various conditions. They allow bidirectional flow of ions and signaling molecules and act as release sites for transmitters like ATP and glutamate into the extracellular space. While much attention has focused on the function of connexin hemichannels and pannexons during pathological situations like epilepsy, inflammation, neurodegeneration or ischemia, their potential roles in physiology is often ignored. In order to fully understand the dynamic properties and roles of connexin hemichannels and pannexons in the brain, it is essential to decipher whether they also have some physiological functions and contribute to normal cerebral processes. Here, we present recent studies in the CNS suggesting emerging physiological functions of connexin hemichannels and pannexons in normal neuronal activity and behavior. We also discuss how these pioneer studies pave the way for future research to extend the physiological relevance of connexons and pannexons, and some fundamental issues yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Cheung
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, France
| | - Oana Chever
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, France
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40
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Kurtenbach S, Kurtenbach S, Zoidl G. Emerging functions of pannexin 1 in the eye. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:263. [PMID: 25309318 PMCID: PMC4163987 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a high-conductance, voltage-gated channel protein found in vertebrates. Panx1 is widely expressed in many organs and tissues, including sensory systems. In the eye, Panx1 is expressed in major divisions including the retina, lens and cornea. Panx1 is found in different neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. The channel is mechanosensitive and responds to changes in extracellular ATP, intracellular calcium, pH, or ROS/nitric oxide. Since Panx1 channels operate at the crossroad of major signaling pathways, physiological functions in important autocrine and paracrine feedback signaling mechanisms were hypothesized. This review starts with describing in depth the initial Panx1 expression and localization studies fostering functional studies that uncovered distinct roles in processing visual information in subsets of neurons in the rodent and fish retina. Panx1 is expressed along the entire anatomical axis from optical nerve to retina and cornea in glia, epithelial and endothelial cells as well as in neurons. The expression and diverse localizations throughout the eye points towards versatile functions of Panx1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, implicating Panx1 in the crosstalk between immune and neural cells, pressure related pathological conditions like glaucoma, wound repair or neuronal cell death caused by ischemia. Summarizing the literature on Panx1 in the eye highlights the diversity of emerging Panx1 channel functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kurtenbach
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cea LA, Riquelme MA, Vargas AA, Urrutia C, Sáez JC. Pannexin 1 channels in skeletal muscles. Front Physiol 2014; 5:139. [PMID: 24782784 PMCID: PMC3990038 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal myotubes and adult innervated skeletal myofibers express the glycoprotein pannexin1 (Panx1). Six of them form a “gap junction hemichannel-like” structure that connects the cytoplasm with the extracellular space; here they will be called Panx1 channels. These are poorly selective channels permeable to ions, small metabolic substrate, and signaling molecules. So far little is known about the role of Panx1 channels in muscles but skeletal muscles of Panx1−/− mice do not show an evident phenotype. Innervated adult fast and slow skeletal myofibers show Panx1 reactivity in close proximity to dihydropyridine receptors in the sarcolemma of T-tubules. These Panx1 channels are activated by electrical stimulation and extracellular ATP. Panx1 channels play a relevant role in potentiation of muscle contraction because they allow release of ATP and uptake of glucose, two molecules required for this response. In support of this notion, the absence of Panx1 abrogates the potentiation of muscle contraction elicited by repetitive electrical stimulation, which is reversed by exogenously applied ATP. Phosphorylation of Panx1 Thr and Ser residues might be involved in Panx1 channel activation since it is enhanced during potentiation of muscle contraction. Under denervation, Panx1 levels are upregulated and this partially explains the reduction in electrochemical gradient, however its absence does not prevent denervation-induced atrophy but prevents the higher oxidative state. Panx1 also forms functional channels at the cell surface of myotubes and their functional state has been associated with intracellular Ca2+ signals and regulation of myotube plasticity evoked by electrical stimulation. We proposed that Panx1 channels participate as ATP channels and help to keep a normal oxidative state in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cea
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel A Riquelme
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anibal A Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Urrutia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
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Adamson SE, Leitinger N. The role of pannexin1 in the induction and resolution of inflammation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1416-22. [PMID: 24642372 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is an important signaling molecule throughout the inflammatory cascade, serving as a danger signal that causes activation of the inflammasome, enhancement of immune cell infiltration, and fine-tuning of several signaling cascades including those important for the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies demonstrated that ATP can be released from cells in a controlled manner through pannexin (Panx) channels. Panx1-mediated ATP release is involved in inflammasome activation and neutrophil/macrophage chemotaxis, activation of T cells, and a role for Panx1 in inducing and propagating inflammation has been demonstrated in various organs, including lung and the central and peripheral nervous system. The recognition and clearance of dying cells and debris from focal points of inflammation is critical in the resolution of inflammation, and Panx1-mediated ATP release from dying cells has been shown to recruit phagocytes. Moreover, extracellular ATP can be broken down by ectonucleotidases into ADP, AMP, and adenosine, which is critical in the resolution of inflammation. Together, Panx1, ATP, purinergic receptors, and ectonucleotidases contribute to important feedback loops during the inflammatory response, and thus represent promising candidates for new therapies.
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Abstract
The pannexins (Panxs) are a family of chordate proteins homologous to the invertebrate gap junction forming proteins named innexins. Three distinct Panx paralogs (Panx1, Panx2, and Panx3) are shared among the major vertebrate phyla, but they appear to have suppressed (or even lost) their ability to directly couple adjacent cells. Connecting the intracellular and extracellular compartments is now widely accepted as Panx's primary function, facilitating the passive movement of ions and small molecules along electrochemical gradients. The tissue distribution of the Panxs ranges from pervasive to very restricted, depending on the paralog, and are often cell type-specific and/or developmentally regulated within any given tissue. In recent years, Panxs have been implicated in an assortment of physiological and pathophysiological processes, particularly with respect to ATP signaling and inflammation, and they are now considered to be a major player in extracellular purinergic communication. The following is a comprehensive review of the Panx literature, exploring the historical events leading up to their discovery, outlining our current understanding of their biochemistry, and describing the importance of these proteins in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Bond
- Genome Technology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA ; Department of Cellular and Physiological Science, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Science, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Patel D, Zhang X, Veenstra RD. Connexin hemichannel and pannexin channel electrophysiology: how do they differ? FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1372-8. [PMID: 24434538 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Connexin hemichannels are postulated to form a cell permeabilization pore for the uptake of fluorescent dyes and release of cellular ATP. Connexin hemichannel activity is enhanced by low external [Ca(2+)]o, membrane depolarization, metabolic inhibition, and some disease-causing gain-of-function connexin mutations. This paper briefly reviews the electrophysiological channel conductance, permeability, and pharmacology properties of connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1 channels, and purinergic P2X7 receptor channels as studied in exogenous expression systems including Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cell lines such as HEK293 cells. Overlapping pharmacological inhibitory and channel conductance and permeability profiles makes distinguishing between these channel types sometimes difficult. Selective pharmacology for Cx43 hemichannels (Gap19 peptide), probenecid or FD&C Blue #1 (Brilliant Blue FCF, BB FCF) for Panx1, and A740003, A438079, or oxidized ATP (oATP) for P2X7 channels may be the best way to distinguish between these three cell permeabilizing channel types. Endogenous connexin, pannexin, and P2X7 expression should be considered when performing exogenous cellular expression channel studies. Cell pair electrophysiological assays permit the relative assessment of the connexin hemichannel/gap junction channel ratio not often considered when performing isolated cell hemichannel studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Richard D Veenstra
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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Kötter S, Unger A, Hamdani N, Lang P, Vorgerd M, Nagel-Steger L, Linke WA. Human myocytes are protected from titin aggregation-induced stiffening by small heat shock proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:187-202. [PMID: 24421331 PMCID: PMC3897184 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins translocate to unfolded titin Ig domains under stress conditions to prevent titin aggregation and myocyte stiffening. In myocytes, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are preferentially translocated under stress to the sarcomeres. The functional implications of this translocation are poorly understood. We show here that HSP27 and αB-crystallin associated with immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain-containing regions, but not the disordered PEVK domain (titin region rich in proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine), of the titin springs. In sarcomeres, sHSP binding to titin was actin filament independent and promoted by factors that increased titin Ig unfolding, including sarcomere stretch and the expression of stiff titin isoforms. Titin spring elements behaved predominantly as monomers in vitro. However, unfolded Ig segments aggregated, preferentially under acidic conditions, and αB-crystallin prevented this aggregation. Disordered regions did not aggregate. Promoting titin Ig unfolding in cardiomyocytes caused elevated stiffness under acidic stress, but HSP27 or αB-crystallin suppressed this stiffening. In diseased human muscle and heart, both sHSPs associated with the titin springs, in contrast to the cytosolic/Z-disk localization seen in healthy muscle/heart. We conclude that aggregation of unfolded titin Ig domains stiffens myocytes and that sHSPs translocate to these domains to prevent this aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kötter
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and 2 Neurological University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Pannexin1 channel proteins in the zebrafish retina have shared and unique properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77722. [PMID: 24194896 PMCID: PMC3808535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a single pannexin1 gene (Panx1) is widely expressed in the CNS including the inner and outer retinae, forming large-pore voltage-gated membrane channels, which are involved in calcium and ATP signaling. Previously, we discovered that zebrafish lack Panx1 expression in the inner retina, with drPanx1a exclusively expressed in horizontal cells of the outer retina. Here, we characterize a second drPanx1 protein, drPanx1b, generated by whole-genome duplications during teleost evolution. Homology searches strongly support the presence of pannexin sequences in cartilaginous fish and provide evidence that pannexins evolved when urochordata and chordata evolution split. Further, we confirm Panx1 ohnologs being solely present in teleosts. A hallmark of differential expression of drPanx1a and drPanx1b in various zebrafish brain areas is the non-overlapping protein localization of drPanx1a in the outer and drPanx1b in the inner fish retina. A functional comparison of the evolutionary distant fish and mouse Panx1s revealed both, preserved and unique properties. Preserved functions are the capability to form channels opening at resting potential, which are sensitive to known gap junction and hemichannel blockers, intracellular calcium, extracellular ATP and pH changes. However, drPanx1b is unique due to its highly complex glycosylation pattern and distinct electrophysiological gating kinetics. The existence of two Panx1 proteins in zebrafish displaying distinct tissue distribution, protein modification and electrophysiological properties, suggests that both proteins fulfill different functions in vivo.
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Liu P, Chen B, Altun ZF, Gross MJ, Shan A, Schuman B, Hall DH, Wang ZW. Six innexins contribute to electrical coupling of C. elegans body-wall muscle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76877. [PMID: 24130800 PMCID: PMC3793928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
C. elegans body-wall muscle cells are electrically coupled through gap junctions. Previous studies suggest that UNC-9 is an important, but not the only, innexin mediating the electrical coupling. Here we analyzed junctional current (Ij) for mutants of additional innexins to identify the remaining innexin(s) important to the coupling. The results suggest that a total of six innexins contribute to the coupling, including UNC-9, INX-1, INX-10, INX-11, INX-16, and INX-18. The Ij deficiency in each mutant was rescued completely by expressing the corresponding wild-type innexin specifically in muscle, suggesting that the innexins function cell-autonomously. Comparisons of Ij between various single, double, and triple mutants suggest that the six innexins probably form two distinct populations of gap junctions with one population consisting of UNC-9 and INX-18 and the other consisting of the remaining four innexins. Consistent with their roles in muscle electrical coupling, five of the six innexins showed punctate localization at muscle intercellular junctions when expressed as GFP- or epitope-tagged proteins, and muscle expression was detected for four of them when assessed by expressing GFP under the control of innexin promoters. The results may serve as a solid foundation for further explorations of structural and functional properties of gap junctions in C. elegans body-wall muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bojun Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zeynep F. Altun
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Maegan J. Gross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alan Shan
- Undergraduate Summer Research Internship Program, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Schuman
- Undergraduate Summer Research Internship Program, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David H. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Giaume C, Leybaert L, Naus CC, Sáez JC. Connexin and pannexin hemichannels in brain glial cells: properties, pharmacology, and roles. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:88. [PMID: 23882216 PMCID: PMC3713369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional interaction between neurons and glia is an exciting field that has expanded tremendously during the past decade. Such partnership has multiple impacts on neuronal activity and survival. Indeed, numerous findings indicate that glial cells interact tightly with neurons in physiological as well as pathological situations. One typical feature of glial cells is their high expression level of gap junction protein subunits, named connexins (Cxs), thus the membrane channels they form may contribute to neuroglial interaction that impacts neuronal activity and survival. While the participation of gap junction channels in neuroglial interactions has been regularly reviewed in the past, the other channel function of Cxs, i.e., hemichannels located at the cell surface, has only recently received attention. Gap junction channels provide the basis for a unique direct cell-to-cell communication, whereas Cx hemichannels allow the exchange of ions and signaling molecules between the cytoplasm and the extracellular medium, thus supporting autocrine and paracrine communication through a process referred to as “gliotransmission,” as well as uptake and release of metabolites. More recently, another family of proteins, termed pannexins (Panxs), has been identified. These proteins share similar membrane topology but no sequence homology with Cxs. They form multimeric membrane channels with pharmacology somewhat overlapping with that of Cx hemichannels. Such duality has led to several controversies in the literature concerning the identification of the molecular channel constituents (Cxs versus Panxs) in glia. In the present review, we update and discuss the knowledge of Cx hemichannels and Panx channels in glia, their properties and pharmacology, as well as the understanding of their contribution to neuroglial interactions in brain health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Giaume
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050 Paris, France ; University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France ; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University Paris, France
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Riquelme MA, Cea LA, Vega JL, Boric MP, Monyer H, Bennett MVL, Frank M, Willecke K, Sáez JC. The ATP required for potentiation of skeletal muscle contraction is released via pannexin hemichannels. Neuropharmacology 2013; 75:594-603. [PMID: 23583931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During repetitive stimulation of skeletal muscle, extracellular ATP levels raise, activating purinergic receptors, increasing Ca2+ influx, and enhancing contractile force, a response called potentiation. We found that ATP appears to be released through pannexin1 hemichannels (Panx1 HCs). Immunocytochemical analyses and function were consistent with pannexin1 localization to T-tubules intercalated with dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors in slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) muscles. Isolated myofibers took up ethidium (Etd+) and released small molecules (as ATP) during electrical stimulation. Consistent with two glucose uptake pathways, induced uptake of 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose derivative, was decreased by inhibition of HCs or glucose transporter (GLUT4), and blocked by dual blockade. Adult skeletal muscles apparently do not express connexins, making it unlikely that connexin hemichannels contribute to the uptake and release of small molecules. ATP release, Etd+ uptake, and potentiation induced by repetitive electrical stimulation were blocked by HC blockers and did not occur in muscles of pannexin1 knockout mice. MRS2179, a P2Y1R blocker, prevented potentiation in EDL, but not soleus muscles, suggesting that in fast muscles ATP activates P2Y1 but not P2X receptors. Phosphorylation on Ser and Thr residues of pannexin1 was increased during potentiation, possibly mediating HC opening. Opening of Panx1 HCs during repetitive activation allows efflux of ATP, influx of glucose and possibly Ca2+ too, which are required for potentiation of contraction. This article is part of the Special Issue Section entitled 'Current Pharmacology of Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Riquelme
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8, Chile
| | - Luis A Cea
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8, Chile; Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José L Vega
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EPhyL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Department of Clinical Neurobioloy, University of Heidelberg, 6012 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio P Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8, Chile
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EPhyL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Department of Clinical Neurobioloy, University of Heidelberg, 6012 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marina Frank
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8, Chile; Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Pannexin-1 influences peritoneal cavity cell population but is not involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Protein Cell 2013; 4:259-65. [PMID: 23549611 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-2114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) forms nonselective large channel in cell plasma membrane and has been shown to be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ATP release and phagocytes recruitment. In the current study, by manipulation of Panx1 expression in human myeloid cells and application of Panx1 deficient mice, we failed to find a correlation between Panx1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, although an interaction between these two proteins was evident. However, in thioglycollate induced peritonitis, Panx1 deficient mice showed much more phagocytes infiltration. Further analyses showed that mice deficient for Panx1 exhibited enlarged F4/80(low)Gr1(-)Ly6C(-)cell population in the peritonea. Our study thus reveals an important role for Panx1 in regulation of peritoneal cell population and peritonitis development.
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