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Kale D, Kikul F, Phapale P, Beedgen L, Thiel C, Brügger B. Quantification of Dolichyl Phosphates Using Phosphate Methylation and Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3210-3217. [PMID: 36716239 PMCID: PMC9933046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dolichyl monophosphates (DolPs) are essential lipids in glycosylation pathways that are highly conserved across almost all domains of life. The availability of DolP is critical for all glycosylation processes, as these lipids serve as membrane-anchored building blocks used by various types of glycosyltransferases to generate complex post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids. The analysis of DolP species by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) remains a challenge due to their very low abundance and wide range of lipophilicities. Until now, a method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative assessment of DolP species from biological membranes has been lacking. Here, we describe a novel approach based on simple sample preparation, rapid and efficient trimethylsilyl diazomethane-dependent phosphate methylation, and RPLC-MS analysis for quantification of DolP species with different isoprene chain lengths. We used this workflow to selectively quantify DolP species from lipid extracts derived of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HeLa, and human skin fibroblasts from steroid 5-α-reductase 3- congenital disorders of glycosylation (SRD5A3-CDG) patients and healthy controls. Integration of this workflow with global lipidomics analyses will be a powerful tool to expand our understanding of the role of DolPs in pathophysiological alterations of metabolic pathways downstream of HMG-CoA reductase, associated with CDGs, hypercholesterolemia, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Kale
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany,Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139Dortmund, Germany,
| | - Frauke Kikul
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prasad Phapale
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lars Beedgen
- Centre
for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Centre
for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany,
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2
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Inhibition of Orbivirus Replication by Fluvastatin and Identification of the Key Elements of the Mevalonate Pathway Involved. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081437. [PMID: 34452303 PMCID: PMC8402872 DOI: 10.3390/v13081437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Statin derivatives can inhibit the replication of a range of viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV, Hepacivirus), dengue virus (Flavivirus), African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae) and poliovirus (Picornaviridae). We assess the antiviral effect of fluvastatin in cells infected with orbiviruses (bluetongue virus (BTV) and Great Island virus (GIV)). The synthesis of orbivirus outer-capsid protein VP2 (detected by confocal immunofluorescence imaging) was used to assess levels of virus replication, showing a reduction in fluvastatin-treated cells. A reduction in virus titres of ~1.7 log (98%) in fluvastatin-treated cells was detected by a plaque assay. We have previously identified a fourth non-structural protein (NS4) of BTV and GIV, showing that it interacts with lipid droplets in infected cells. Fluvastatin, which inhibits 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase in the mevalonic acid pathway, disrupts these NS4 interactions. These findings highlight the role of the lipid pathways in orbivirus replication and suggest a greater role for the membrane-enveloped orbivirus particles than previously recognised. Chemical intermediates of the mevalonic acid pathway were used to assess their potential to rescue orbivirus replication. Pre-treatment of IFNAR(−/−) mice with fluvastatin promoted their survival upon challenge with live BTV, although only limited protection was observed.
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3
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Majewska NI, Tejada ML, Betenbaugh MJ, Agarwal N. N-Glycosylation of IgG and IgG-Like Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Why Is It Important and How Can We Control It? Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:311-338. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory bodies worldwide consider N-glycosylation to be a critical quality attribute for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG-like therapeutics. This consideration is due to the importance of posttranslational modifications in determining the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of biologics. Given its critical role in protein therapeutic production, we review N-glycosylation beginning with an overview of the myriad interactions of N-glycans with other biological factors. We examine the mechanism and drivers for N-glycosylation during biotherapeutic production and the several competing factors that impact glycan formation, including the abundance of precursor nucleotide sugars, transporters, glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, and process conditions. We explore the role of these factors with a focus on the analytical approaches used to characterize glycosylation and associated processes, followed by the current state of advanced glycosylation modeling techniques. This combination of disciplines allows for a deeper understanding of N-glycosylation and will lead to more rational glycan control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I. Majewska
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;,
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Max L. Tejada
- Bioassay, Impurities and Quality, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;,
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
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4
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Lu H, Sathe AA, Xing C, Lehrman MA. The Lec5 glycosylation mutant links homeobox genes with cholesterol and lipid-linked oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 2019; 29:106-109. [PMID: 30388226 PMCID: PMC6330018 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered 40 years ago, the Lec5 glycosylation mutant cell line has a complex recessive genotype and is characterized by accumulation of lipid-linked oligosaccharide assembly intermediates, reduced conversion of polyprenols to dolichols, and an unusual phenotypic dependence upon cell culture conditions such as temperature, plating density and medium quality. The heritable defect in Lec5 is unknown. Here we demonstrate an unexpected epigenetic basis for Lec5, with a surprising linkage to increased expression of homeobox genes, which in turn is associated with increased transcription of cholesterol biosynthesis genes. These results suggest testable hypotheses for the biochemical abnormalities of the Lec5 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adwait Amod Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX, USA
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5
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Volkmar N, Thezenas ML, Louie SM, Juszkiewicz S, Nomura DK, Hegde RS, Kessler BM, Christianson JC. The ER membrane protein complex promotes biogenesis of sterol-related enzymes maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223453. [PMID: 30578317 PMCID: PMC6362398 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contains essential complexes that oversee protein biogenesis and lipid metabolism, impacting nearly all aspects of cell physiology. The ER membrane protein complex (EMC) is a newly described transmembrane domain (TMD) insertase linked with various phenotypes, but whose clients and cellular responsibilities remain incompletely understood. We report that EMC deficiency limits the cellular boundaries defining cholesterol tolerance, reflected by diminished viability with limiting or excessive extracellular cholesterol. Lipidomic and proteomic analyses revealed defective biogenesis and concomitant loss of the TMD-containing ER-resident enzymes sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) and squalene synthase (SQS, also known as FDFT1), which serve strategic roles in the adaptation of cells to changes in cholesterol availability. Insertion of the weakly hydrophobic tail-anchor (TA) of SQS into the ER membrane by the EMC ensures sufficient flux through the sterol biosynthetic pathway while biogenesis of polytopic SOAT1 promoted by the EMC provides cells with the ability to store free cholesterol as inert cholesteryl esters. By facilitating insertion of TMDs that permit essential mammalian sterol-regulating enzymes to mature accurately, the EMC is an important biogenic determinant of cellular robustness to fluctuations in cholesterol availability. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: The ER membrane protein complex promotes biogenesis of key membrane-bound enzymes responsible for regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and storage, an important determinant of mammalian cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Volkmar
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Maria-Laetitia Thezenas
- Target Discovery Institute (TDI) Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sharon M Louie
- Dept. of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Szymon Juszkiewicz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Dept. of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute (TDI) Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - John C Christianson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK .,Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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6
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Medina-Cano D, Ucuncu E, Nguyen LS, Nicouleau M, Lipecka J, Bizot JC, Thiel C, Foulquier F, Lefort N, Faivre-Sarrailh C, Colleaux L, Guerrera IC, Cantagrel V. High N-glycan multiplicity is critical for neuronal adhesion and sensitizes the developing cerebellum to N-glycosylation defect. eLife 2018; 7:38309. [PMID: 30311906 PMCID: PMC6185108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper brain development relies highly on protein N-glycosylation to sustain neuronal migration, axon guidance and synaptic physiology. Impairing the N-glycosylation pathway at early steps produces broad neurological symptoms identified in congenital disorders of glycosylation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects. We generated a cerebellum specific knockout mouse for Srd5a3, a gene involved in the initiation of N-glycosylation. In addition to motor coordination defects and abnormal granule cell development, Srd5a3 deletion causes mild N-glycosylation impairment without significantly altering ER homeostasis. Using proteomic approaches, we identified that Srd5a3 loss affects a subset of glycoproteins with high N-glycans multiplicity per protein and decreased protein abundance or N-glycosylation level. As IgSF-CAM adhesion proteins are critical for neuron adhesion and highly N-glycosylated, we observed impaired IgSF-CAM-mediated neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in Srd5a3 mutant cerebellum. Our results link high N-glycan multiplicity to fine-tuned neural cell adhesion during mammalian brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Cano
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Ekin Ucuncu
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Lam Son Nguyen
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Michael Nicouleau
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomics platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Kinderheilkunde I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - François Foulquier
- Université Lille, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Colleaux
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Cantagrel
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
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7
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Grabińska KA, Park EJ, Sessa WC. cis-Prenyltransferase: New Insights into Protein Glycosylation, Rubber Synthesis, and Human Diseases. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18582-90. [PMID: 27402831 PMCID: PMC5000101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.739490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
cis-Prenyltransferases (cis-PTs) constitute a large family of enzymes conserved during evolution and present in all domains of life. cis-PTs catalyze consecutive condensation reactions of allylic diphosphate acceptor with isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) in the cis (Z) configuration to generate linear polyprenyl diphosphate. The chain lengths of isoprenoid carbon skeletons vary widely from neryl pyrophosphate (C10) to natural rubber (C>10,000). The homo-dimeric bacterial enzyme, undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS), has been structurally and mechanistically characterized in great detail and serves as a model for understanding the mode of action of eukaryotic cis-PTs. However, recent experiments have revealed that mammals, fungal, and long-chain plant cis-PTs are heteromeric enzymes composed of two distantly related subunits. In this review, the classification, function, and evolution of cis-PTs will be discussed with a special emphasis on the role of the newly described NgBR/Nus1 subunit and its plants' orthologs as essential, structural components of the cis-PTs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariona A Grabińska
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Eon Joo Park
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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8
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Squalestatin is an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:3180-8. [PMID: 25779575 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04500-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance of malaria parasites to almost all available drugs calls for the characterization of novel targets and the identification of new compounds. Carotenoids are polyisoprenoids from plants, algae, and some bacteria, and they are biosynthesized by Plasmodium falciparum but not by mammalian cells. Biochemical and reverse genetics approaches were applied to demonstrate that phytoene synthase (PSY) is a key enzyme for carotenoid biosynthesis in P. falciparum and is essential for intraerythrocytic growth. The known PSY inhibitor squalestatin reduces biosynthesis of phytoene and kills parasites during the intraerythrocytic cycle. PSY-overexpressing parasites showed increased biosynthesis of phytoene and its derived product phytofluene and presented a squalestatin-resistant phenotype, suggesting that this enzyme is the primary target of action of this drug in the parasite.
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9
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Welti M, Hülsmeier AJ. Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:754-62. [PMID: 24243557 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. Ethanol treatment decreases the biosynthesis of dolichol-phosphate. Consequently, the formation of N-glycan precursors is affected, resulting in an aberrant precursor assembly. Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Welti
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Vestrheim AC, Moen A, Egge-Jacobsen W, Reubsaet L, Halvorsen TG, Bratlie DB, Paulsen BS, Michaelsen TE. A pilot study showing differences in glycosylation patterns of IgG subclasses induced by pneumococcal, meningococcal, and two types of influenza vaccines. Immun Inflamm Dis 2014; 2:76-91. [PMID: 25400928 PMCID: PMC4217548 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a carbohydrate moiety on asparagine 297 in the Fc part of an IgG molecule is essential for its effector functions and thus influences its vaccine protective effect. Detailed structural carbohydrate analysis of vaccine induced IgGs is therefore of interest as this knowledge can prove valuable in vaccine research and design and when optimizing vaccine schedules. In order to better understand and exploit the protective potential of IgG antibodies, we carried out a pilot study; collecting serum or plasma from volunteers receiving different vaccines and determining the IgG subclass glycosylation patterns against specific vaccine antigens at different time points using LC-ESI-MS analysis. The four vaccines included a pneumococcal capsule polysaccharide vaccine, a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine, a seasonal influenza vaccine, and a pandemic influenza vaccine. The number of volunteers was limited, but the results following immunization indicated that the IgG subclass which dominated the response showed increased galactose and the level of sialic acid increased with time for most vaccinees. Fucose levels increased for some vaccinees but in general stayed relatively unaltered. The total background IgG glycosylation analyzed in parallel varied little with time and hence the changes seen were likely to be caused by vaccination. The presence of an adjuvant in the pandemic influenza vaccine seemed to produce simpler and less varied glycoforms compared to the adjuvant-free seasonal influenza vaccine. This pilot study demonstrates that detailed IgG glycosylation pattern analysis might be a necessary step in addition to biological testing for optimizing vaccine development and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cathrine Vestrheim
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | - Anders Moen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | | | - Leon Reubsaet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | | | - Diane Bryant Bratlie
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo, Norway
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | - Terje Einar Michaelsen
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of OsloOslo, Norway
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11
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Keller RK, Mitchell DA, Goulah CC, Fliesler SJ. Hepatic isoprenoid metabolism in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Lipids 2013; 48:219-29. [PMID: 23361583 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated (4 to 7-fold) levels of urinary dolichol and coenzyme Q and substantially longer chain lengths for urinary dolichols have been reported in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) patients, compared to normal subjects. We investigated the possibility of similar alterations in hepatic, nonsterol isoprenoids in a well-established rat model of SLOS. In this model, the ratio of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to cholesterol (Chol) in serum approached 15:1; however, total sterol mass in serum decreased by >80 %. Livers from treated rats had 7DHC/Chol ratios of ~32:1, but the steady-state levels of total sterols were >40 % those of livers from age-matched (3-month-old) control animals. No significant differences in the levels of LDL receptor or HMG-CoA reductase were observed. The levels of dolichol and coenzyme Q were elevated only modestly (by 64 and 31 %, respectively; p < 0.05, N = 6) in the livers of the SLOS rat model compared to controls; moreover, the chain lengths of these isoprenoids were not different in the two groups. We conclude that hepatic isoprenoid synthesis is marginally elevated in this animal model of SLOS, but without preferential shunting to the nonsterol branches (dolichol and coenzyme Q) of the pathway and without alteration of normal dolichol chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kennedy Keller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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12
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Cline A, Gao N, Flanagan-Steet H, Sharma V, Rosa S, Sonon R, Azadi P, Sadler KC, Freeze HH, Lehrman MA, Steet R. A zebrafish model of PMM2-CDG reveals altered neurogenesis and a substrate-accumulation mechanism for N-linked glycosylation deficiency. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4175-87. [PMID: 22956764 PMCID: PMC3484097 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PMM2-CDG patients have phosphomannomutase (Pmm2) deficiency, with developmental and N-linked glycosylation defects attributed to depletion of mannose-1-phosphate and downstream lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs). This, the first PMM2-CDG zebrafish model, shows, unexpectedly, that accumulation of the Pmm2 substrate mannose-6-phosphate explains LLO deficiency. Congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG) results from mutations in pmm2, which encodes the phosphomannomutase (Pmm) that converts mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) to mannose-1-phosphate (M1P). Patients have wide-spectrum clinical abnormalities associated with impaired protein N-glycosylation. Although it has been widely proposed that Pmm2 deficiency depletes M1P, a precursor of GDP-mannose, and consequently suppresses lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) levels needed for N-glycosylation, these deficiencies have not been demonstrated in patients or any animal model. Here we report a morpholino-based PMM2-CDG model in zebrafish. Morphant embryos had developmental abnormalities consistent with PMM2-CDG patients, including craniofacial defects and impaired motility associated with altered motor neurogenesis within the spinal cord. Significantly, global N-linked glycosylation and LLO levels were reduced in pmm2 morphants. Although M1P and GDP-mannose were below reliable detection/quantification limits, Pmm2 depletion unexpectedly caused accumulation of M6P, shown earlier to promote LLO cleavage in vitro. In pmm2 morphants, the free glycan by-products of LLO cleavage increased nearly twofold. Suppression of the M6P-synthesizing enzyme mannose phosphate isomerase within the pmm2 background normalized M6P levels and certain aspects of the craniofacial phenotype and abrogated pmm2-dependent LLO cleavage. In summary, we report the first zebrafish model of PMM2-CDG and uncover novel cellular insights not possible with other systems, including an M6P accumulation mechanism for underglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Cline
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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13
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Goreta SS, Dabelic S, Dumic J. Insights into complexity of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2012; 22:156-70. [PMID: 22838182 PMCID: PMC4062342 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2012.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and biological properties of glycoconjugates are strongly determined by the specific structure of its glycan parts. Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of sugars to proteins and lipids, is very complex and highly-coordinated process involving > 250 gene products. Deficiency of glycosylation enzymes or transporters results in impaired glycosylation, and consequently pathological modulation of many physiological processes. Inborn defects of glycosylation enzymes, caused by the specific mutations, lead to the development of rare, but severe diseases – congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). Up today, there are more than 45 known CDGs. Their clinical manifestations range from very mild to extremely severe (even lethal) and unfortunately, only three of them can be eff ectively treated nowadays. CDG symptoms highly vary, though some are common for several CDG types but also for other unrelated diseases, especially neurological ones, leaving the possibility that many CDGs cases are under- or mis-diagnosed. Glycan analysis of serum transferrin (by isoelectric focusing or more sophisticated methods, such as HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) or MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization)) or serum N-glycans (by MS), enzyme activity assays and DNA sequence analysis are the most frequently used methods for CDG screening and identification, since no specific tests are available yet. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristic of distinct CDGs, as well as existing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, aiming to contribute to the awareness on the existence of these rare diseases and encourage the eff orts to elucidate its genetic background, improve diagnostics and develop new strategies for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Supraha Goreta
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Welti M. Regulation of dolichol-linked glycosylation. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:51-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Gründahl J, Guan Z, Rust S, Reunert J, Müller B, Du Chesne I, Zerres K, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Ortiz-Brüchle N, Häusler M, Siedlecka J, Swiezewska E, Raetz C, Marquardt T. Life with too much polyprenol: polyprenol reductase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:642-51. [PMID: 22304929 PMCID: PMC3428379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are caused by a dysfunction of glycosylation, an essential step in the manufacturing process of glycoproteins. This paper focuses on a 6-year-old patient with a new type of CDG-I caused by a defect of the steroid 5α reductase type 3 gene (SRD5A3). The clinical features were psychomotor retardation, pathological nystagmus, slight muscular hypotonia and microcephaly. SRD5A3 was recently identified encoding the polyprenol reductase, an enzyme catalyzing the final step of the biosynthesis of dolichol, which is required for the assembly of the glycans needed for N-glycosylation. Although an early homozygous stop-codon (c.57G>A [W19X]) with no functional protein was found in the patient, about 70% of transferrin (Tf) was correctly glycosylated. Quantification of dolichol and unreduced polyprenol in the patient's fibroblasts demonstrated a high polyprenol/dolichol ratio with normal amounts of dolichol, indicating that high polyprenol levels might compete with dolichol for the initiation of N-glycan assembly but without supporting normal glycosylation and that there must be an alternative pathway for dolichol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.E.H. Gründahl
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin—Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany
| | - Z. Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S. Rust
- Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung, Münster, Germany
| | - J. Reunert
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin—Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany
| | - B. Müller
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - I. Du Chesne
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin—Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany
| | - K. Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | - N. Ortiz-Brüchle
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - M.G. Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Siedlecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C.R.H. Raetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T. Marquardt
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin—Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48149 Münster, Germany. Fax: +49 251 835 6085. (T. Marquardt)
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KOZLOV VV, DANILOV LL. Separation of Polyprenyl Phosphate Oligomerhomologues by Reversed-Phase Ion-Pair High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:1021-3. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav V. KOZLOV
- Laboratory of Natural Immunity, Department of Immunology, N.F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - Leonid L. DANILOV
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Sharma V, Ichikawa M, He P, Scott DA, Bravo Y, Dahl R, Ng BG, Cosford NDP, Freeze HH. Phosphomannose isomerase inhibitors improve N-glycosylation in selected phosphomannomutase-deficient fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39431-8. [PMID: 21949237 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.285502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare genetic disorders due to impaired glycosylation. The patients with subtypes CDG-Ia and CDG-Ib have mutations in the genes encoding phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) and phosphomannose isomerase (MPI or PMI), respectively. PMM2 (mannose 6-phosphate → mannose 1-phosphate) and MPI (mannose 6-phosphate ⇔ fructose 6-phosphate) deficiencies reduce the metabolic flux of mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) into glycosylation, resulting in unoccupied N-glycosylation sites. Both PMM2 and MPI compete for the same substrate, Man-6-P. Daily mannose doses reverse most of the symptoms of MPI-deficient CDG-Ib patients. However, CDG-Ia patients do not benefit from mannose supplementation because >95% Man-6-P is catabolized by MPI. We hypothesized that inhibiting MPI enzymatic activity would provide more Man-6-P for glycosylation and possibly benefit CDG-Ia patients with residual PMM2 activity. Here we show that MLS0315771, a potent MPI inhibitor from the benzoisothiazolone series, diverts Man-6-P toward glycosylation in various cell lines including fibroblasts from CDG-Ia patients and improves N-glycosylation. Finally, we show that MLS0315771 increases mannose metabolic flux toward glycosylation in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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