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Radisky ES. Extracellular proteolysis in cancer: Proteases, substrates, and mechanisms in tumor progression and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107347. [PMID: 38718867 PMCID: PMC11170211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A vast ensemble of extracellular proteins influences the development and progression of cancer, shaped and reshaped by a complex network of extracellular proteases. These proteases, belonging to the distinct classes of metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartic proteases, play a critical role in cancer. They often become dysregulated in cancer, with increases in pathological protease activity frequently driven by the loss of normal latency controls, diminished regulation by endogenous protease inhibitors, and changes in localization. Dysregulated proteases accelerate tumor progression and metastasis by degrading protein barriers within the extracellular matrix (ECM), stimulating tumor growth, reactivating dormant tumor cells, facilitating tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, and shifting stromal cells toward cancer-promoting behaviors through the precise proteolysis of specific substrates to alter their functions. These crucial substrates include ECM proteins and proteoglycans, soluble proteins secreted by tumor and stromal cells, and extracellular domains of cell surface proteins, including membrane receptors and adhesion proteins. The complexity of the extracellular protease web presents a significant challenge to untangle. Nevertheless, technological strides in proteomics, chemical biology, and the development of new probes and reagents are enabling progress and advancing our understanding of the pivotal importance of extracellular proteolysis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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2
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Khokhar D, Marella S, Idelman G, Chang JW, Chehade M, Hogan SP. Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1142-1156. [PMID: 35778876 PMCID: PMC9547832 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus and is clinically characterized by upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. Histopathologic manifestations, which include intraepithelial eosinophilic inflammation and alterations of the esophageal squamous epithelium, such as basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), are thought to contribute to esophageal dysfunction and disease symptoms. Corroborative clinical and discovery science-based studies have established that EoE is characterized by an underlying allergic inflammatory response, in part, related to the IL-13/CCL26/eosinophil axis driving dysregulation of several key epithelial barrier and proliferative regulatory genes including kallikrein (KLK) serine proteases, calpain 14 (CAPN14) and anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The contribution of these inflammatory and proliferative processes to the clinical and histological manifestations of disease are not fully elucidated. Herein, we discuss the immune molecules and cells that are thought to underlie the clinical and pathologic manifestations of EoE and the emerging therapeutics targeting these processes for the treatment of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Khokhar
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sahiti Marella
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gila Idelman
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Joy W. Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic DisordersIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Hegazy M, Perl AL, Svoboda SA, Green KJ. Desmosomal Cadherins in Health and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:47-72. [PMID: 34425055 PMCID: PMC8792335 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-092912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomal cadherins are a recent evolutionary innovation that make up the adhesive core of highly specialized intercellular junctions called desmosomes. Desmosomal cadherins, which are grouped into desmogleins and desmocollins, are related to the classical cadherins, but their cytoplasmic domains are tailored for anchoring intermediate filaments instead of actin to sites of cell-cell adhesion. The resulting junctions are critical for resisting mechanical stress in tissues such as the skin and heart. Desmosomal cadherins also act as signaling hubs that promote differentiation and facilitate morphogenesis, creating more complex and effective tissue barriers in vertebrate tissues. Interference with desmosomal cadherin adhesive and supra-adhesive functions leads to a variety of autoimmune, hereditary, toxin-mediated, and malignant diseases. We review our current understanding of how desmosomal cadherins contribute to human health and disease, highlight gaps in our knowledge about their regulation and function, and introduce promising new directions toward combatting desmosome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Abbey L. Perl
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Sophia A. Svoboda
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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5
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Hua Q, Li T, Liu Y, Shen X, Zhu X, Xu P. Upregulation of KLK8 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:624837. [PMID: 34395235 PMCID: PMC8362328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.624837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a growing cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8) has potential clinical values in many cancers. However, the clinicopathological significances of KLK8 in PDAC remain unknown. We explored the relationship of KLK8 to clinicopathological features of PDAC based on public databases. KLK8 expression was examined in human PDAC tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in KLK8-overexpressed human pancreatic cancer cell lines Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1. The related signaling pathways of KLK8 involved in pancreatic cancer progression were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and further verified in in vitro studies. We found that KLK8 was up-regulated in tumor tissues in the TCGA-PAAD cohort, and was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival of PDAC. KLK8 mRNA and protein expressions were increased in PDAC tissues compared with para-cancerous pancreas. KLK8 overexpression exerted pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic functions in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells. GSEA analysis showed that KLK8 was positively associated with PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Notch pathways. KLK8-induced pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells were attenuated by inhibitors for PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, but not by inhibitor for Notch. Furthermore, overexpression of KLK8 in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells significantly increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in the culture media. EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor could block KLK8-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and attenuate pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic of KLK8 in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells. In conclusion, KLK8 overexpression exerts pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic functions in pancreatic cancer cells via EGF signaling-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Upregulated KLK8 in PDAC predicts poor prognosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingbo Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kang Y, Chen J, Li X, Luo M, Chen H, Cui B, Wang L, Lv D, Feng Y, Zhang P. Salivary KLK5 and uPA are potential biomarkers for malignant transformation of OLK and OLP. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:317-328. [PMID: 33896830 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) usually originates from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), such as oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral lichen planus (OLP). Identifying biomarkers for the early diagnosis and evaluation of malignant transformation in OPMD could improve the survival rate of OSCC patients. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to screen for potential salivary biomarkers for evaluating the malignant transformation of OPMD. METHODS Salivary proteases from OLK and OSCC patients or healthy donors and proteases in cultural medium from DOK and Cal-27 cells were detected with a human protease array kit. The concentrations of the salivary Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) proteases were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to determine the potential value of these proteases in clinical diagnosis were calculated using SPSS software. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the KLK5 and uPA expression in the oral organizations. RESULTS The salivary protease spectrum was different among patients with OLK and OSCC and healthy donors. KLK5 and uPA levels in saliva tended to increase as the disease progressed (healthy < OPMD [OLK and OLP] < OSCC). ROC curves showed the optimum diagnostic cutoffs for KLK5 as a biomarker for OLK, OLP, and OSCC were 5.97, 6.03, and 9.45 pg/mL, respectively, while the cutoffs for uPA were 17.19, 17.26, and 20.96 pg/mL. Their combined analysis showed a higher sensitivity for the differential diagnosis of disease. Furthermore, higher levels of KLK5 and uPA were observed in OSCC tissues than in OLK and OLP. CONCLUSIONS Salivary KLK5 and uPA are potential biomarkers for evaluating OLK and OLP malignant transformation and early diagnosis of OSCC.
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Azouz NP, Klingler AM, Pathre P, Besse JA, Baruch-Morgenstern NB, Ballaban AY, Osswald GA, Brusilovsky M, Habel JE, Caldwell JM, Ynga-Durand MA, Abonia PJ, Hu YC, Wen T, Rothenberg ME. Functional role of kallikrein 5 and proteinase-activated receptor 2 in eosinophilic esophagitis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/545/eaaz7773. [PMID: 32461336 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz7773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, food antigen-driven, inflammatory disease of the esophagus and is associated with impaired barrier function. Evidence is emerging that loss of esophageal expression of the serine peptidase inhibitor, kazal type 7 (SPINK7), is an upstream event in EoE pathogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that loss of SPINK7 mediates its pro-EoE effects via kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and its substrate, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Overexpression of KLK5 in differentiated esophageal epithelial cells recapitulated the effect of SPINK7 gene silencing, including barrier impairment and loss of desmoglein-1 expression. Conversely, KLK5 deficiency attenuated allergen-induced esophageal protease activity, modified commensal microbiome composition, and attenuated eosinophilia in a murine model of EoE. Inhibition of PAR2 blunted the cytokine production associated with loss of SPINK7 in epithelial cells and attenuated the allergen-induced esophageal eosinophilia in vivo. Clinical samples substantiated dysregulated PAR2 expression in the esophagus of patients with EoE, and delivery of the clinically approved drug α1 antitrypsin (A1AT, a protease inhibitor) inhibited experimental EoE. These findings demonstrate a role for the balance between KLK5 and protease inhibitors in the esophagus and highlight EoE as a protease-mediated disease. We suggest that antagonizing KLK5 and/or PAR2 has potential to be therapeutic for EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Andrea M Klingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Purnima Pathre
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - John A Besse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Netali Ben Baruch-Morgenstern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Adina Y Ballaban
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Garrett A Osswald
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Michael Brusilovsky
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Jeff E Habel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Julie M Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Mario A Ynga-Durand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA.,Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Investigación y Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo J Abonia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Ting Wen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA.
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Liu YQ, Zou HY, Xie JJ, Fang WK. Paradoxical Roles of Desmosomal Components in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060914. [PMID: 34203070 PMCID: PMC8234459 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular adhesion complexes involved in various aspects of epithelial pathophysiology, including tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, and disease development. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal expression of various desmosomal components correlates with tumor progression and poor survival. In addition, desmosomes have been shown to act as a signaling platform to regulate the proliferation, invasion, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis of cancer cells. The occurrence and progression of head and neck cancer (HNC) is accompanied by abnormal expression of desmosomal components and loss of desmosome structure. However, the role of desmosomal components in the progression of HNC remains controversial. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments showing the paradoxical roles of desmosomal components in tumor suppression and promotion. It offers valuable insights for HNC diagnosis and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (H.-Y.Z.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (J.-J.X.); (W.-K.F.)
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Oya K, Fujii M, Taguchi S. Development of pemphigus vulgaris during treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a case report. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14982. [PMID: 33993628 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Oya
- Division of Dermatology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanao Fujii
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shijima Taguchi
- Division of Dermatology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
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Alves MG, Kodama MH, da Silva EZM, Gomes BBM, da Silva RAA, Vieira GV, Alves VM, da Fonseca CK, Santana AC, Cecílio NT, Costa MSA, Jamur MC, Oliver C, Cunha TM, Bugge TH, Braz-Silva PH, Colli LM, Sales KU. Relative expression of KLK5 to LEKTI is associated with aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100970. [PMID: 33260070 PMCID: PMC7708696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 650,000 people will be diagnosed this year with cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx worldwide. The absence of biomarkers for the disease early detection contributes to the late diagnosis. Despite some advances with regards to treatment, overall survival has not significantly improved in decades. We have shown that increased relative mRNA expression of KLK5 to LEKTI is associated with disease’s poor outcome. This work supports the relative expression of KLK5 to LEKTI as a valuable prognostic marker.
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a challenging cancer to treat despite all the advances of the last 50 years. Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) is among the serine proteases implicated in OSCC development. However, whether the activity of KLK5 promotes carcinogenesis is still controversial. Moreover, knowledge regarding the role of the KLK5 cognate inhibitor, Lympho-Epithelial Kazal-Type related Inhibitor (LEKTI), in OSCC is scarce. We have, thus, sought to investigate the importance of KLK5 and LEKTI expression in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Methods KLK5 and LEKTI protein expression was evaluated in 301 human samples, which were comprised of non-malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Moreover, a bioinformatic analysis of the overall survival rate from 517 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples was performed. Additionally, to mimic the uncovered KLK5 to serine peptidase inhibitor (SPINK5) imbalance, the KLK5 gene was abrogated in an OSCC cell line using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The generated cell line was then used for in vivo and in vitro carcinogenesis related experiments. Results LEKTI was found to be statistically downregulated in OSCCs, with increased KLK5/SPINK5 mRNA ratio being associated with a shorter overall survival (p = 0.091). Indeed, disruption of KLK5 to SPINK5 balance through the generation of KLK5 null OSCC cells led to smaller xenografted tumors and statistically decreased proliferation rates following multiple time points of BrdU treatment in vitro. Conclusion The association of increased enzyme/inhibitor ratio with poor prognosis indicates KLK5 to SPINK5 relative expression as an important prognostic marker in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Gaião Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Hideki Kodama
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Zayas Marcelino da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruno Belmonte Martinelli Gomes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alberto Alves da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Viliod Vieira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vani Maria Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Kobori da Fonseca
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Santana
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nerry Tatiana Cecílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Silvia Alexandre Costa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia Jamur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Constance Oliver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil; Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Leandro M Colli
- Department of Image Science, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Wang B, Hao X, Li X, Liang Y, Li F, Yang K, Chen H, Lv F, Gao Y. Long noncoding RNA HEIH depletion depresses esophageal carcinoma cell progression by upregulating microRNA-185 and downregulating KLK5. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1002. [PMID: 33223519 PMCID: PMC7680792 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers, yet the function of lncRNA high expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HEIH) in esophageal carcinoma (EC) has seldom been explored. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanism of HEIH on EC via microRNA-185 (miR-185)/kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) modulation. Cancer and non-tumoral tissues were collected, in which HEIH, miR-185 and KLK5 expression were detected, as well as their correlations. Also, the relation between the prognosis of EC patients and HEIH/miR-185/KLK5 expression was clarified. EC cells (KYSE-30 and TE-1) were screened for subsequent gain- and loss-of-function assays and their biological functions were further monitored. Tumor volume and weight in EC mice were also measured. Results from this study indicated that HEIH and KLK5 were elevated and miR-185 was declined in EC. The positive correlation was seen in HEIH and KLK5 expression, while the negative correlation was observed in HEIH or KLK5 and miR-185 expression. High HEIH and KLK5 indicated worse prognosis and high miR-185 suggested better prognosis of EC patients. Depleting HEIH or restoring miR-185 suppressed the malignant phenotypes of EC cells, and delayed tumor growth in EC mice. HEIH was found to bind with miR-185 to regulate KLK5 expression. Overexpressing KLK5 alone promoted EC cell progression while up-regulating miR-185 reversed such effects on EC cells. Collectively, we reveal that HEIH depletion dampens EC progression by upregulating miR-185 and downregulating KLK5, which provides novel treatments for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Hengqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Yushun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
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12
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Negative Expression of DSG1 and DSG2, as Prognostic Biomarkers, Impacts on the Overall Survival in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:9831646. [PMID: 32850288 PMCID: PMC7436288 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9831646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the expression of DSG1 and DSG2 and investigate their clinicopathological significance in EHCC. Method The protein expression of DSG1 and DSG2 was measured by EnVision immunohistochemistry in 15 normal biliary tract tissues, 10 biliary tract adenoma tissues, 30 peritumoral tissues, and 100 EHCC tumour tissues. Result The expression of the DSG1 and DSG2 proteins was significantly lower in EHCC tumour tissues than in normal biliary tract tissues, biliary tract adenoma, and peritumoral tissues (P < 0.05). Adenoma and peritumoral tissues with negative DSG1 and/or DSG2 protein expression exhibited atypical hyperplasia. DSG1 expression was positively correlated with DSG2 expression in EHCC (P < 0.01). In patients with good differentiation, no invasion, no lymph metastasis, TNM I + II stage, and radical surgery, the positive expression of DSG1 and DSG2 proteins was higher (P < 0.05). In comparison to patients with negative DSG1 and/or DSG2 expression, the average overall survival time of those with positive expression was significantly longer (P = 0.000). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that negative DSG1 and DSG2 expressions were independent of poor prognosis factors in EHCC patients. The AUC calculated for DSG1 was 0.681 (95% confidence interval: 0.594–0.768) and that for DSG2 was 0.645 (95% confidence interval: 0.555–0.734), while that for DSG1 and DSG2 was 0.772 (95% confidence interval: 0.609-0.936). Conclusions Negative protein expression of DSG1 and DSG2 is closely related to the pathogenesis, severe clinicopathological characteristics, aggressive biological behaviours, and dismal prognosis in EHCC.
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13
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Effects of DSPP and MMP20 Silencing on Adhesion, Metastasis, Angiogenesis, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134734. [PMID: 32630820 PMCID: PMC7370022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports highlight the potential tumorigenic role of Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and its cognate partner Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). However, the function/mechanism of these roles is yet to be fully established. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of DSPP and MMP20 silencing on specific proteins involved in oral cancer cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Stable lines of DSPP/MMP20 silenced OSCC cell line (OSC2), previously established via lentiviral-mediated shRNA transduction, were analyzed for the effects of DSPP, MMP20, and combined DSPP–MMP20 silencing on MMP2, MMP9, integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6, VEGF, Kallikerin- 4,-5,-8,-10, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, met, src, snail, and Twist by Western blot. Results show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the expression of MMP2, MMP9, integrin αvβ3, αvβ6, VEGF, Kallikerins -4, -5, -8, -10, N-cadherin, vimentin met, src, snail and twist following DSPP and MMP20 silencing, individually and in combination. On the other hand, the expression of E-cadherin was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the tumorigenic effect of DSPP and MMP20 on OSC2 cells is mediated via the upregulation of the genes involved in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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14
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Hu X, Sun G, Shi Z, Ni H, Jiang S. Identification and validation of key modules and hub genes associated with the pathological stage of oral squamous cell carcinoma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8505. [PMID: 32117620 PMCID: PMC7006519 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major lethal malignant cancer of the head and neck region, yet its molecular mechanisms of tumourigenesis are still unclear. Patients and methods We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on RNA-sequencing data with clinical information obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The relationship between co-expression modules and clinical traits was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. Furthermore, the prognostic value and expression level of the hub genes of these modules were validated based on data from the TCGA database and other independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Human Protein Atlas database. The significant modules and hub genes were also assessed by functional analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results We found that the turquoise module was strongly correlated with pathologic T stage and significantly enriched in critical functions and pathways related to tumourigenesis. PPP1R12B, CFD, CRYAB, FAM189A2 and ANGPTL1 were identified and statistically validated as hub genes in the turquoise module and were closely implicated in the prognosis of OSCC. GSEA indicated that five hub genes were significantly involved in many well-known cancer-related biological functions and signaling pathways. Conclusion In brief, we systematically discovered a co-expressed turquoise module and five hub genes associated with the pathologic T stage for the first time, which provided further insight that WGCNA may reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of OSCC. In addition, the five hub genes may be considered candidate prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the precise early diagnosis, clinical treatment and prognosis of OSCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Stomatology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Ni
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Kallikrein-related Peptidase 5 (KLK5) Expression and Distribution in Canine Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2019; 174:113-119. [PMID: 31955796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common types of malignant skin cancer in dogs, representing 3.9-10.4% of all canine skin tumours. Although the metastatic potential of cSCC is debated, it appears to mimic that observed in man. In man, predictive histopathological features for metastasis include tumour depth, lesions >5-6 mm in depth, and invasion of muscle, cartilage or bone. In dogs, some reports have focused on the clinical features and long-term progression of cSCC, but a gold standard treatment has not yet been developed. We explored the protein expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5), an important modulator of skin homeostasis, in normal canine skin and in examples of cSCC. KLK5 was highly expressed in the upper stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, hair follicles and sweat glands, skin sites where human KLK5 has been shown to be involved in physiological processes including keratinocyte desquamation, antimicrobial defence, lipid permeability and pigmentation. In cSCC, tumour cells at the deep margin, as well as those in the centre of keratin pearls, displayed cytoplasmic expression of KLK5. Some of the KLK5 immunoreactive cells also expressed vimentin, suggesting that they may be undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and therefore have a more invasive behaviour than those expressing only KLK5. KLK5 may be a novel molecular biomarker useful for predicting prognosis of cSSC in dogs.
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Nauroy P, Nyström A. Kallikreins: Essential epidermal messengers for regulation of the skin microenvironment during homeostasis, repair and disease. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 6-7:100019. [PMID: 33543017 PMCID: PMC7852331 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis is playing a major role in organism homeostasis providing the first barrier against external aggressions. Although considered as an extracellular matrix (ECM)-poor subtissue, the epidermal microenvironment is a key regulator of skin homeostasis and functionality. Among the proteins essential for upholding the epidermal microenvironment are the members of the kallikrein (KLK) family composed of 15 secreted serine proteases. Most of the members of these epithelial-specific proteins are present in skin and regulate skin desquamation and inflammation. However, although epidermal products, the consequences of KLK activities are not confined to the epidermis but widespread in the skin. In this review starting with the location and proteolytic activation cascade of KLKs, we present KLKs involvement in skin homeostasis, regeneration and pathology. KLKs have a large variety of substrates including ECM proteins, and evidence suggests that they are involved in the different steps of skin wound healing as discussed here. KLKs are also used as prognosis/diagnosis markers for many cancer types and we are focusing later on KLKs in cutaneous cancers, although their pathogenicity remains to be fully elucidated. Dysregulation of the KLK cascade is directly responsible for skin diseases with heavy inflammatory aspects, highlighting their involvement in skin immune homeostasis. Future studies will be needed to support the therapeutic potential of adjusting KLK activities for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and wound healing pathologies. Regulation of the microenvironment even in an extracellular matrix-poor tissue can heavily impact organ function. Extracellular activities of kallikreins maintain skin homeostasis by regulating desquamation and inflammation. The activation of skin epidermal-specific kallikrein family of proteases is regulated by an intricate proteolytic cascade. Kallikreins are emerging as players during skin wound healing. Dysregulated kallikrein expression and activity occur in cancers and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- CDSN, corneodesmosin
- DSC1, desmocollin 1
- DSG1, desmoglein 1
- Diseases
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Epidermal microenvironment
- Epidermis
- Inflammation
- KLKs, kallikreins
- Kallikrein
- LEKTI, lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitor
- NS, Netherton syndrome
- PAR1/2, protease activated-receptor 1/2
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- Wound healing
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
- uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Nauroy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Elimination of KLK5 inhibits early skin tumorigenesis by reducing epidermal proteolysis and reinforcing epidermal microstructure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Papachristopoulou G, Malachias A, Devetzi M, Kamouza E, Scorilas A, Xynopoulos D, Talieri M. Uncovering the clinical impact of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) mRNA expression in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:1251-1260. [PMID: 30759066 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases located on chromosome 19q13.3. Most KLKs have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for several carcinomas and other diseases. KLK5 was originally identified from a keratinocyte library, and its enzyme was purified from the stratum corneum of human skin. KLK5 was shown to be differentially expressed in a variety of endocrine tumors, although it is not as yet examined widely in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods In this study, we quantitatively assessed the mRNA expression status of KLK5 in 197 colorectal tissues from 133 patients (70 cancerous and their paired normal colonic mucosa for 64 of them, as well as 63 colorectal adenomas) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) using TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis evaluated the results. Results It was shown that KLK5 expression is reduced following the histologically non-cancerous-adenoma sequence (p<0.001), whereas it is increased during the sequence adenoma-carcinoma (p<0.001). Furthermore, KLK5 positive expression is associated with positive nodal status (p=0.022), advanced tumor stage (p=0.038) and high histological grade (p=0.033). Cox univariate analysis revealed that KLK5 positive expression is associated with disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.028) and overall survival (OS) of patients (p=0.048). Kaplan-Meyer survival models showed that patients with positive KLK5 expression have lower DFS (p=0.009) and OS (p=0.019). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated for first time that KLK5 expression had significant discriminatory values between cancer and adenoma tissues (area under the curve [AUC] 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.69-0.85, p=0.03). Conclusions KLK5 mRNA expression may be useful for the differentiation of CRC from colorectal adenoma and represents a potential unfavorable prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papachristopoulou
- Department of Pathology, "Saint Savvas" Cancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Malachias
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Saint Savvas" Cancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Devetzi
- Department of Cellular Physiology, G. Papanicolaou Research Center of Oncology, "Saint Savvas" Cancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Kamouza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Xynopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Saint Savvas" Cancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maroulio Talieri
- Department of Cellular Physiology, G. Papanicolaou Research Center of Oncology, "Saint Savvas" Cancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Gong W, Liu Y, Seidl C, Diamandis EP, Kiechle M, Drecoll E, Kotzsch M, Magdolen V, Dorn J. Quantitative assessment and clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:696. [PMID: 31307411 PMCID: PMC6631576 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In ovarian cancer, dysregulation of mRNA expression of several components of the family of the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) is observed. In this study, we have analyzed the KLK5 mRNA expression pattern in tumor tissue of patients suffering from high-grade serous ovarian cancer stage FIGO III/IV. Moreover, we have correlated the KLK5 mRNA levels with clinical outcome. Methods We assessed the mRNA expression levels of KLK5 in tumor tissue of 138 patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The mRNA levels were correlated with KLK5 antigen tumor tissue levels measured by ELISA (available for 41 of the 138 patients), established clinical features as well as patients’ outcome, using Chi-square-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman rank calculations as well as Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test. Results A highly significant correlation between the mRNA expression levels and protein levels of KLK5 in tumor tissues was observed (rs = 0.683, p < 0.001). In univariate Cox regression analysis, elevated KLK5 mRNA expression was remarkably associated with reduced progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.047), but not with overall survival (OS). Association of KLK5 mRNA expression with PFS was validated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas. For this, Affymetrix-based mRNA data (n = 377) were analyzed applying the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool (p = 0.027). In multivariable Cox analysis, KLK5 mRNA values revealed a trend towards statistical significance for PFS (p = 0.095), whereas residual tumor mass (0 mm vs. > 0 mm), but not ascites fluid volume (≤500 ml vs. > 500 ml), remained an independent indicator for both OS and PFS (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions These results obtained with a homogenous patient group with all patients suffering from advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer support previous results suggesting elevated KLK5 mRNA levels as an unfavorable marker in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gong
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Seidl
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enken Drecoll
- Department of Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Dorn
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Li CY, de Veer SJ, White AM, Chen X, Harris JM, Swedberg JE, Craik DJ. Amino Acid Scanning at P5' within the Bowman-Birk Inhibitory Loop Reveals Specificity Trends for Diverse Serine Proteases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3696-3706. [PMID: 30888159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) is a 14-amino acid cyclic peptide that shares an inhibitory loop with a sequence and structure similar to a larger family of serine protease inhibitors, the Bowman-Birk inhibitors. Here, we focus on the P5' residue in the Bowman-Birk inhibitory loop and produce a library of SFTI variants to characterize the P5' specificity of 11 different proteases. We identify seven amino acids that are generally preferred by these enzymes and also correlate with P5' sequence diversity in naturally occurring Bowman-Birk inhibitors. Additionally, we show that several enzymes have divergent specificities that can be harnessed in engineering studies. By optimizing the P5' residue, we improve the potency or selectivity of existing inhibitors for kallikrein-related peptidase 5 and show that a variant with substitutions at 7 of the scaffold's 14 residues retains a similar structure to SFTI-1. These findings provide new insights into P5' specificity requirements for the Bowman-Birk inhibitory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choi Yi Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Simon J de Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Andrew M White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Xingchen Chen
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane QLD 4059 , Australia
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane QLD 4059 , Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072 , Australia
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21
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Hsing EW, Shiah SG, Peng HY, Chen YW, Chuu CP, Hsiao JR, Lyu PC, Chang JY. TNF-α-induced miR-450a mediates TMEM182 expression to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma motility. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213463. [PMID: 30893332 PMCID: PMC6426234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis leads oral cancer patients into a poor survival rate and a high recurrence stage. During tumor progression, dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to involve tumor initiation and modulate oral cancer malignancy. MiR-450a was significantly upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients without functional reports. This study was attempted to uncover the molecular mechanism of novel miR-450a in OSCC. Mir-450a expression was examined by quantitative RT-PCR, both in OSCC cell lines and patients. Specific target of miR-450a was determined by software prediction, luciferase reporter assay, and correlation with target protein expression. The functions of miR-450a and TMEM182 were accessed by adhesion and transwell invasion analyses. Determination of the expression and cellular localization of TMEM182 was examined by RT-PCR and by immunofluorescence staining. The signaling pathways involved in regulation of miR-450a were investigated using the kinase inhibitors. Overexpression of miR-450a in OSCC cells impaired cell adhesion ability and induced invasiveness, which demonstrated the functional role of miR-450a as an onco-miRNA. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-mediated expression of TMEM182 was regulated by miR-450a induction. MiR-450a-reduced cellular adhesion was abolished by TMEM182 restoration. Furthermore, the oncogenic activity of TNF-α/miR-450a/TMEM182 axis was primarily through activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. ERK1/2 inhibitor prevented the TNF-α-induced miR-450a expression and enhanced adhesion ability. Our data suggested that TNF-α-induced ERK1/2-dependent miR-450a against TMEM182 expression exerted a great influence on increasing OSCC motility. Overall, our results provide novel molecular insights into how TNF-α contributes to oral carcinogenesis through miR-450a that targets TMEM182.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Wei Hsing
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Structural Biology Program, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Collaborative Oncology Group, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Structural Biology Program, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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22
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Dos Santos JF, Borçari NR, da Silva Araújo M, Nunes VA. Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into keratinocytes and express epidermal kallikreins: Towards an in vitro model of human epidermis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13141-13155. [PMID: 30891818 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is a complex process in which keratinocytes go through morphological and biochemical changes in approximately 15 to 30 days. Abnormal keratinocyte differentiation is involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases. In this scenario, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerge as a promising approach to study skin biology in both normal and pathological conditions. Herein, we have studied the differentiation of MSC from umbilical cord into keratinocytes. MSC were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (proliferation medium) and, after characterization, differentiation was induced by culturing cells in a defined keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM) supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and calcium chloride ions. Cells cultivated in DMEM were used as control. Cultures were evaluated from day 1 to 23, based on the cell morphology, the expression of p63, involucrin and cytokeratins (KRTs) KRT5, KRT10 and KRT14, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence, and by the detection of epidermal kallikreins activity. In cells grown in keratinocyte serum-free medium with EGF and 1.8 mM calcium, KRT5 and KRT14 expression was shown at the first day, followed by the expression of p63 at the seventh day. KRT10 expression was detected from day seventh while involucrin was observed after this period. Data showed higher kallikrein (KLK) activity in KSFM-cultured cells from day 11th in comparison to control. These data indicate that MSC differentiated into keratinocytes similarly to that occurs in the human epidermis. KLK activity detection appears to be a good methodology for the monitoring the differentiation of MSC into the keratinocyte lineage, providing useful tools for the better understanding of the skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer Farias Dos Santos
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ruder Borçari
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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MiR-146a functions as a small silent player in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:238-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Yang J, Kasberg WC, Celo A, Liang Z, Quispe K, Stack MS. Post-translational modification of the membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) cytoplasmic tail impacts ovarian cancer multicellular aggregate dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13111-13121. [PMID: 28655772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) is a transmembrane collagenase highly expressed in metastatic ovarian cancer and correlates with poor survival. Accumulating evidence shows that the cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP is subjected to phosphorylation, and this post-translational modification regulates enzymatic activity at the cell surface. To investigate the potential role of MT1-MMP cytoplasmic residue Thr567 phosphorylation in regulation of metastasis-associated behaviors, ovarian cancer cells that express low endogenous levels of MT1-MMP were engineered to express wild-type MT1-MMP, a phosphomimetic mutant (T567E), or a phosphodeficient mutant (T567A). Results show that Thr567 modulation influences behavior of both individual cells and multicellular aggregates (MCAs). The acquisition of either wild-type or mutant MT1-MMP expression results in altered cohesion of epithelial sheets and the formation of more compact MCAs relative to parental cells. Cells expressing MT1-MMP-T567E phosphomimetic mutants exhibit enhanced cell migration. Furthermore, MCAs formed from MT1-MMP-T567E-expressing cells adhere avidly to both intact ex vivo peritoneal explants and three-dimensional collagen gels. Interaction of these MCAs with peritoneal mesothelium disrupts mesothelial integrity, exposing the submesothelial collagen matrix on which MT1-MMP-T567E MCAs rapidly disperse. Together, these findings suggest that post-translational regulation of the Thr567 in the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail may function as a regulatory mechanism to impact ovarian cancer metastatic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - William C Kasberg
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Angela Celo
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Zhong Liang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
| | - Kristal Quispe
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - M Sharon Stack
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
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Cui Z, Cui Y, Yang S, Luo G, Wang Y, Lou Y, Sun X. KLK4 silencing inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:392-404. [PMID: 28150891 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignancy that largely impacts the quality of people's daily life. Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) is highly expressed in OSCC; however, its roles in OSCC cells are unclear. In the present study, the effect of KLK4 silencing on the growth of OSCC cells was investigated. Our study showed that the proliferation and colony formation of OSCC cells was inhibited by KLK4 silencing and their cell cycle was arrested. Additionally, apoptosis of OSCC cells was enhanced by KLK4 silencing, with increased protein levels of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and decreased levels of Bcl-2. KLK4 silencing inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as evidence by decreased protein levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, reduced GSK-3β phosphorylation as well as decreased levels of cyclinD1 and c-myc proteins. We further showed that Wnt/β-catenin activator reversed the effects of KLK4 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of OSCC cells. We concluded that KLK4 silencing inhibited the growth of OSCC cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that KLK4 may become a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Lou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Desmoglein-2 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and its knockdown suppresses NSCLC growth by regulation of p27 and CDK2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:59-69. [PMID: 27629878 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) is a cell adhesion protein of the cadherin superfamily. Altered Dsg2 expression is associated with tumorigenesis. This study determined Dsg2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue specimens for association with clinicopathological and survival data and then assessed the effect of Dsg2 knockdown on regulation of NSCLC cell malignant behaviors in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect Dsg2 expression in 28 paired NSCLC and normal tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Dsg2 expression in 70 cases of paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues. NSCLC A549, H1703, and H1299 cells were cultured with Dsg2 knockdown performed using Dsg2 siRNA. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and colony formation were assessed. siRNA-transfected A549 cells were also used to generate tumor xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS Both Dsg2 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and associated with NSCLC size, but not with overall survival of patients. Moreover, knockdown of Dsg2 expression reduced NSCLC cell proliferation and arrested them at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but did not significantly affect NSCLC cell apoptosis. Dsg2 knockdown downregulated cyclin-dependent kinase 2 expression and upregulated p27 expression. Nude mouse xenograft assays showed that Dsg2 knockdown inhibited NSCLC xenograft growth in vivo. CONCLUSION This study revealed the importance of Dsg2 in suppression of NSCLC development and progression. Further studies will explore whether restoration of Dsg2 expression is a novel strategy in control of NSCLC.
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Johnson JJ, Miller DL, Jiang R, Liu Y, Shi Z, Tarwater L, Williams R, Balsara R, Sauter ER, Stack MS. Protease-activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2)-mediated Nf-κB Activation Suppresses Inflammation-associated Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6936-45. [PMID: 26839311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cause of death from cancer with an estimated 400,000 deaths worldwide and a low (50%) 5-year survival rate. The most common form of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is highly inflammatory and invasive, and the degree of inflammation correlates with tumor aggressiveness. The G protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) plays a key role in inflammation. PAR-2 is activated via proteolytic cleavage by trypsin-like serine proteases, including kallikrein-5 (KLK5), or by treatment with activating peptides. PAR-2 activation induces G protein-α-mediated signaling, mobilizing intracellular calcium and Nf-κB signaling, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Little is known, however, about PAR-2 regulation of inflammation-related microRNAs. Here, we assess PAR-2 expression and function in OSCC cell lines and tissues. Stimulation of PAR-2 activates Nf-κB signaling, resulting in RelA nuclear translocation and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Concomitantly, suppression of the anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor microRNAs let-7d, miR-23b, and miR-200c was observed following PAR-2 stimulation. Analysis of orthotopic oral tumors generated by cells with reduced KLK5 expression showed smaller, less aggressive lesions with reduced inflammatory infiltrate relative to tumors generated by KLK5-expressing control cells. Together, these data support a model wherein KLK5-mediated PAR-2 activation regulates the expression of inflammation-associated mRNAs and microRNAs, thereby modulating progression of oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Johnson
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Daniel L Miller
- the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Rong Jiang
- the Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 75440
| | - Yueying Liu
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Zonggao Shi
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | | | - Russell Williams
- the Department of Biology, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634
| | - Rashna Balsara
- the W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, South Bend, Indiana 46617, and
| | - Edward R Sauter
- the Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas 75799
| | - M Sharon Stack
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617,
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Involvement of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Normal and Pathologic Processes. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:946572. [PMID: 26783378 PMCID: PMC4689925 DOI: 10.1155/2015/946572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases that participate in proteolytic pathways and control protein levels in normal physiology as well as in several pathological conditions. Their complex network of stimulatory and inhibitory interactions may induce inflammatory and immune responses and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through the regulation of several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. This family of proteases, which includes one of the most useful cancer biomarkers, kallikrein-related peptidase 3 or PSA, also has a protective effect against cancer promoting apoptosis or counteracting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, they represent attractive therapeutic targets and may have important applications in clinical oncology. Despite being intensively studied, many gaps in our knowledge on several molecular aspects of KLK functions still exist. This review aims to summarize recent data on their involvement in different processes related to health and disease, in particular those directly or indirectly linked to the neoplastic process.
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The kallikrein-related peptidase family: Dysregulation and functions during cancer progression. Biochimie 2015; 122:283-99. [PMID: 26343558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death with 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2012. Despite the progress made in cancer therapies, neoplastic diseases are still a major therapeutic challenge notably because of intra- and inter-malignant tumour heterogeneity and adaptation/escape of malignant cells to/from treatment. New targeted therapies need to be developed to improve our medical arsenal and counter-act cancer progression. Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are secreted serine peptidases which are aberrantly expressed in many cancers and have great potential in developing targeted therapies. The potential of KLKs as cancer biomarkers is well established since the demonstration of the association between KLK3/PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels and prostate cancer progression. In addition, a constantly increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the functional involvement of KLKs in cancer-related processes. These peptidases are now considered key players in the regulation of cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, chemo-resistance, and importantly, in mediating interactions between cancer cells and other cell populations found in the tumour microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression. These functional roles of KLKs in a cancer context further highlight their potential in designing new anti-cancer approaches. In this review, we comprehensively review the biochemical features of KLKs, their functional roles in carcinogenesis, followed by the latest developments and the successful utility of KLK-based therapeutics in counteracting cancer progression.
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Abstract
Desmosomes represent adhesive, spot-like intercellular junctions that in association with intermediate filaments mechanically link neighboring cells and stabilize tissue architecture. In addition to this structural function, desmosomes also act as signaling platforms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, deregulation of desmosomal proteins has to be considered to contribute to tumorigenesis. Proteolytic fragmentation and downregulation of desmosomal cadherins and plaque proteins by transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms were observed in different cancer entities suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. However, discrepant data in the literature indicate that context-dependent differences based on alternative intracellular, signal transduction lead to altered outcome. Here, modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by plakoglobin or desmoplakin and of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling appears to be of special relevance. This review summarizes current evidence on how desmosomal proteins participate in carcinogenesis, and depicts the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Huber
- a Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena , Germany.,b Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital , Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
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Shi Z, Johnson JJ, Jiang R, Liu Y, Stack MS. Decrease of miR-146a is associated with the aggressiveness of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1416-27. [PMID: 26159827 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to identify microRNAs that may contribute to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression, we compared the microRNA expression profiles of two related cell lines that form tumors with differential aggressiveness. A panel of 28 microRNAs was found to be more than 1.5-fold altered, among which miR-146a was the most significantly changed (-4.6-fold). Loss of miR-146a expression was validated in human high-grade tumors, while normal oral mucosa retained expression, using fluorescence in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray. Restoration of miR-146a in SCC25 and UMSCC1 cells decreased in vitro invasive activity, suppressed tumor growth in vivo, and decreased the incidence of UMSCC1 lung metastasis. The transcription factor Sox2 was found to be a putative target of miR-146a. In conclusion, the loss or decrease of miR-146a is a new feature that is associated with more aggressive behaviour in oral squamous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonggao Shi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States.
| | - Jeffrey J Johnson
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - Rong Jiang
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
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Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 maintains the assembly of keratin into desmosomes in keratinocytes by regulating protease-activated receptor 2-dependent p38 signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1610-23. [PMID: 25842366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1; official symbol SPINT1) is a membrane-associated serine proteinase inhibitor abundantly expressed in epithelial tissues. Genetically engineered mouse models demonstrated that HAI-1 is critical for epidermal function, possibly through direct and indirect regulation of cell surface proteases, such as matriptase and prostasin. To obtain a better understanding of the role of HAI-1 in maintaining epidermal integrity, we performed ultrastructural analysis of Spint1-deleted mouse epidermis and organotypic culture of an HAI-1 knockdown (KD) human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. We found that the aggregation of tonofilaments to desmosomes was significantly reduced in HAI-1-deficient mouse epidermis with decreased desmosome number. Similar findings were observed in HAI-1 KD HaCaT organotypic cultures. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was activated in response to HAI-1 insufficiency. Treatment of HAI-1 KD HaCaT cells with a p38 inhibitor abrogated the above-observed ultrastructural abnormalities. The activation of p38 induced by the loss of HAI-1 likely resulted from enhanced signaling of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), because its silencing abrogated the enhanced activation of p38. Consequently, treatment of HAI-1 KD HaCaT cells with a serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin, or PAR-2 antagonist alleviated the abnormal ultrastructural phenotype in organotypic culture. These results suggest that HAI-1 may have a critical role in maintaining normal keratinocyte morphology through regulation of PAR-2-dependent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
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Nava P, Kamekura R, Nusrat A. Cleavage of transmembrane junction proteins and their role in regulating epithelial homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24783. [PMID: 24665393 PMCID: PMC3879235 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues form a selective barrier that separates the external environment from the internal tissue milieu. Single epithelial cells are densely packed and associate via distinct intercellular junctions. Intercellular junction proteins not only control barrier properties of the epithelium but also play an important role in regulating epithelial homeostasis that encompasses cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and regulated shedding. Recent studies have revealed that several proteases target epithelial junction proteins during physiological maturation as well as in pathologic states such as inflammation and cancer. This review discusses mechanisms and biological consequences of transmembrane junction protein cleavage. The influence of junction protein cleavage products on pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA ; Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV); México DF, Mexico
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
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Wang YY, Lin YC, Hung HC, Tien WY, Shieh TY. Polymorphisms in Kallikrein7 and 10 genes and oral cancer risks in Taiwan betel quid chewers and smokers. Oral Dis 2013; 19:824-32. [PMID: 23413953 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between mRNA levels, polymorphisms of Kallikrein7 (KLK7) and Kallikrein10 (KLK10), and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 217 OSCC patients and 138 healthy controls. All were men, betel quid chewers, cigarette smokers, and Minnan ethnicity. Genotyping was performed using a TaqMan probe genotyping assay. Gene expression levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for 20 pairs of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. RESULTS Kallikrein10 rs3745535G>T polymorphisms were significantly associated with OSCC development [adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.02-2.59], but KLK7 polymorphisms were not. The KLK7 rs10581213(wt/ins + ins/ins) genotypes were significantly associated with early-stage cancer (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14-0.78), but KLK10 polymorphisms were not. Relative expression analysis indicated that an increase in KLK7 and KLK10 mRNA levels was found in cancerous tissues (2(-ΔΔCT) = 25.23 ± 8.85 and 10.89 ± 4.97, respectively). A significantly higher level of KLK7 was expressed in early-stage cancer with the rs10581213(wt/ins + ins/ins) genotypes, but there was no significant difference in the mRNA levels of KLK7 and KLK10 between early- and advanced-stage cancers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first correlation of OSCC with KLK10 rs3745535G>T polymorphisms. Early-stage OSCC and high KLK7 mRNA levels were correlated with the rs10581213(wt/ins + ins/ins) genotypes. More studies with large sample sizes are needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wang
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ishige S, Kasamatsu A, Ogoshi K, Saito Y, Usukura K, Yokoe H, Kouzu Y, Koike H, Sakamoto Y, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Decreased expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 13: possible contribution to metastasis of human oral cancer. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:557-65. [PMID: 23371469 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The human kallikrein-related peptidase family is comprised of 15 serine protease genes on chromosome 19q13.4. Our previous microarray analyses showed that the gene kallikrein-related peptidase 13 (KLK13) was down-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. We evaluated the expression status of KLK13 in primary OSCCs and performed functional molecular experiments in OSCC cell lines. In 102 primary tumors studied, KLK13 expression significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared with matched normal counterparts. Interestingly, KLK13-negative cases correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with regional lymph node metastasis. In vitro, cells overexpressing KLK13 (oeKLK13) had decreased invasiveness and motility and up-regulation of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin, junction plakoglobin, plakophilin4, desmocollin2, desmoglein3, and desmoplakin) compared with control cells. A rescue experiment that transfected oeKLK13 cells with siRNA against KLK13 restored invasiveness and migration activities with down-regulated adhesion molecules. Based on our results, we concluded that KLK13 may play an important role in regulating cellular migration and invasiveness, making the loss of KLK13 a potential biomarker for early detection of lymph node metastasis in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Ishige
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Kowalczyk AP, Green KJ. Structure, function, and regulation of desmosomes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 116:95-118. [PMID: 23481192 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394311-8.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are adhesive intercellular junctions that mechanically integrate adjacent cells by coupling adhesive interactions mediated by desmosomal cadherins to the intermediate filament cytoskeletal network. Desmosomal cadherins are connected to intermediate filaments by densely clustered cytoplasmic plaque proteins comprising members of the armadillo gene family, including plakoglobin and plakophilins, and members of the plakin family of cytolinkers, such as desmoplakin. The importance of desmosomes in tissue integrity is highlighted by human diseases caused by mutations in desmosomal genes, autoantibody attack of desmosomal cadherins, and bacterial toxins that selectively target desmosomal cadherins. In addition to reviewing the well-known roles of desmosomal proteins in tissue integrity, this chapter also highlights the growing appreciation for how desmosomal proteins are integrated with cell signaling pathways to contribute to vertebrate tissue organization and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Yamamoto M, Miyai M, Matsumoto Y, Tsuboi R, Hibino T. Kallikrein-related peptidase-7 regulates caspase-14 maturation during keratinocyte terminal differentiation by generating an intermediate form. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32825-34. [PMID: 22825846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The maturation and activation mechanisms of caspases are generally well understood, except for those of caspase-14, which is activated at the onset of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. We investigated the possible involvement of epidermal proteases expressed in the late stage of differentiation, and found that the chymotrypsin-like serine protease kallikrein-related peptidase-7 (KLK7) cleaved procaspase-14 at Tyr(178), generating an intermediate form that consists of a large (20 kDa) and a small subunit (8 kDa). We prepared an antibody directed to this cleavage site (h14Y178 Ab), and confirmed that it recognized a 20-kDa band formed when procaspase-14 was incubated with chymotrypsin or KLK7. We then constructed a constitutively active form of the intermediate, revC14-Y178. The substrate specificity of revC14-Y178 was completely different from that of caspase-14, showing broad specificity for various caspase substrates except WEHD-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (AFC), the preferred substrate of active, mature caspase-14. K(m) values for VEID-AFC, DEVD-AFC, LEVD-AFC, and LEHD-AFC were 0.172, 0.261, 0.504, and 0.847 μM, respectively. We confirmed that the mature form of caspase-14 was generated when procaspase-14 was incubated with KLK7 or revC14-Y178. Expression of constitutively active KLK7 in cultured keratinocytes resulted in generation of both the intermediate form and the mature form of caspase-14. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the intermediate form was localized at the granular layer. Our results indicate that regulation of procaspase-14 maturation during terminal differentiation is a unique two-step process involving KLK7 and an activation intermediate of caspase-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamamoto
- Shiseido Research Center, 2-12-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8643, Japan
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Liu Y, Burkhalter R, Symowicz J, Chaffin K, Ellerbroek S, Stack MS. Lysophosphatidic Acid disrupts junctional integrity and epithelial cohesion in ovarian cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:501492. [PMID: 22593767 PMCID: PMC3346998 DOI: 10.1155/2012/501492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer metastasizes via exfoliation of free-floating cells and multicellular aggregates from the primary tumor to the peritoneal cavity. A key event in EOC metastasis is disruption of cell-cell contacts via modulation of intercellular junctional components including cadherins. Ascites is rich in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid that may promote early events in ovarian cancer dissemination. The objective of this paper was to assess the effect of LPA on E-cadherin junctional integrity. We report a loss of junctional E-cadherin in OVCAR3, OVCA429, and OVCA433 cells exposed to LPA. LPA-induced loss of E-cadherin was concentration and time dependent. LPA increased MMP-9 expression and promoted MMP-9-catalyzed E-cadherin ectodomain shedding. Blocking LPA receptor signaling inhibited MMP-9 expression and restored junctional E-cadherin staining. LPA-treated cells demonstrated a significant decrease in epithelial cohesion. Together these data support a model wherein LPA induces MMP-9 expression and MMP-9-catalyzed E-cadherin ectodomain shedding, resulting in loss of E-cadherin junctional integrity and epithelial cohesion, facilitating metastatic dissemination of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
| | - Rebecca Burkhalter
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jaime Symowicz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kim Chaffin
- Department of Chemistry, Wartburg College, Waverly, IA 50677, USA
| | - Shawn Ellerbroek
- Department of Chemistry, Wartburg College, Waverly, IA 50677, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, A200D Harper Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46557, USA
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Doxycycline indirectly inhibits proteolytic activation of tryptic kallikrein-related peptidases and activation of cathelicidin. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1435-42. [PMID: 22336948 PMCID: PMC4169281 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The increased abundance and activity of cathelicidin and kallikrein 5 (KLK5), a predominant trypsin-like serine protease (TLSP) in the stratum corneum, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rosacea, a disorder treated by the use of low-dose doxycycline. Here we hypothesized that doxycycline can inhibit activation of tryptic KLKs through an indirect mechanism by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in keratinocytes. The capacity of doxycycline to directly inhibit enzyme activity was measured in surface collections of human facial skin and extracts of cultured keratinocytes by fluorescence polarization assay against fluorogenic substrates specific for MMPs or TLSPs. Doxycycline did inhibit MMP activity but did not directly inhibit serine protease activity against a fluorogenic substrate specific for TLSPs. However, when doxycycline or other MMP inhibitors were added to live keratinocytes during the production of tryptic KLKs, this treatment indirectly resulted in decreased TLSP activity. Furthermore, doxycycline under these conditions inhibited the generation of the cathelicidin peptide LL-37 from its precursor protein hCAP18, a process dependent on KLK activity. These results demonstrate that doxycycline can prevent cathelicidin activation, and suggest a previously unknown mechanism of action for doxycycline through inhibiting generation of active cathelicidin peptides.
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Chavez MG, Buhr CA, Petrie WK, Wandinger-Ness A, Kusewitt DF, Hudson LG. Differential downregulation of e-cadherin and desmoglein by epidermal growth factor. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012:309587. [PMID: 22312325 PMCID: PMC3270554 DOI: 10.1155/2012/309587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cell : cell junctions is a key event in cutaneous wound repair. In this study we report that activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor disrupts cell : cell adhesion, but with different kinetics and fates for the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein and for E-cadherin. Downregulation of desmoglein preceded that of E-cadherin in vivo and in an EGF-stimulated in vitro wound reepithelialization model. Dual immunofluorescence staining revealed that neither E-cadherin nor desmoglein-2 internalized with the EGF receptor, or with one another. In response to EGF, desmoglein-2 entered a recycling compartment based on predominant colocalization with the recycling marker Rab11. In contrast, E-cadherin downregulation was accompanied by cleavage of the extracellular domain. A broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor protected E-cadherin but not the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-2, from EGF-stimulated disruption. These findings demonstrate that although activation of the EGF receptor regulates adherens junction and desmosomal components, this stimulus downregulates associated cadherins through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquella G. Chavez
- Division of Bioengineering, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian A. Buhr
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Whitney K. Petrie
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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Kolegraff K, Nava P, Laur O, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Characterization of full-length and proteolytic cleavage fragments of desmoglein-2 in native human colon and colonic epithelial cell lines. Cell Adh Migr 2011; 5:306-14. [PMID: 21715983 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.4.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) is a transmembrane cell adhesion protein that is widely expressed in epithelial and non-epithelial tissues, such as the intestine, epidermis, testis, and heart. Dsg2 has been shown to regulate numerous cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis, and we have previously reported that intracellular fragments of Dsg2 promote apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. While several studies have shown that both the extracellular and intracellular domains of Dsg2 can be targeted by proteases, identification of these putative Dsg2 fragments in colonic epithelial cells has not been performed. Here, we report that the mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) AH12.2 binds to the first extracellular domain of Dsg2. Using this antibody along with previously described mAb against the extracellular (6D8) and intracellular (DG3.10) domains of Dsg2, we characterize the expression and identify the cleavage fragments of Dsg2 in colonic epithelial cells. This study provides a detailed description of the extracellular and intracellular Dsg2 cleavage fragments that are generated in the simple epithelium of the colon and will guide future studies examining the relationship of these fragments to cellular fate and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Kolegraff
- Epithelial Pathobiology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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