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Yalaev BI, Khusainova RI. Epigenetic regulation of bone remodeling and its role in the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:401-410. [PMID: 37465189 PMCID: PMC10350859 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of molecular mechanisms of primary osteoporosis development is fundamental to understand the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases in general and for identifying key links in the genetic and epigenetic regulation of bone remodelling genes. The number of identified molecular genetic markers for osteoporosis is increasing but there is a need to describe their functional interactions. These interactions have been determined to be associated with the control of expression of a number of transcription factors and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the pathway of osteoblastogenesis or adipogenesis, and monocytic precursors through the pathway of osteoclastogenesis. The results of epigenetic studies have significantly increased the understanding of the role of post-translational modifications of histones, DNA methylation and RNA interference in the osteoporosis pathogenesis and in bone remodelling. However, the knowledge should be systematised and generalised according to the results of research on the role of epigenetic modifiers in the development of osteoporosis, and the influence of each epigenetic mechanism on the individual links of bone remodelling during ontogenesis of humans in general, including the elderly, should be described. Understanding which mechanisms and systems are involved in the development of this nosology is of interest for the development of targeted therapies, as the possibility of using microRNAs to regulate genes is now being considered. Systematisation of these data is important to investigate the differences in epigenetic marker arrays by race and ethnicity. The review article analyses references to relevant reviews and original articles, classifies information on current advances in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in osteoporosis and reviews the results of studies of epigenetic mechanisms on individual links of bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Yalaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R I Khusainova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
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2
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Zhang W, Nie Q, Zhang X, Huang L, Pang G, Chu J, Yuan X. miR-26a-5p restoration via EZH2 silencing blocks the IL-6/STAT3 axis to repress the growth of prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1285-1297. [PMID: 38155599 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2293750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the activation of several oncogenic pathways in prostate cancer. However, its upstream trans-signaling pathway remains largely unknown. This work proposes a mechanistic explanation of IL-6's upstream effectors in prostate carcinogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS Samples were harvested to validate the expression of EZH2, miR-26a-5p, and IL-6. Moreover, the protein and its phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and transcription activator 3) were assessed in prostate cancer cells. We explored the effects of these effectors on malignant phenotypes in vitro and tumor growth in vivo using functional assays. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to determine their binding relationships. RESULTS Overexpression of EZH2 and IL-6, and under expression of miR-26a-5p was observed in prostate cancer. Silencing IL-6 repressed STAT3 to suppress the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, EZH2 inhibited miR-26a-5p expression by promoting H3K27 histone methylation, and miR-26a-5p restricted the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer by targeting IL-6. Ectopic EZH2 expression reduced xenograft growth by inhibiting miR-26a-5p and activating the IL-6/STAT3 axis. CONCLUSION EZH2 May potentially be involved in regulating its expression by recruiting H3K27me3 to the miR-26a-5p promoter region, which could further impact the IL6/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiwei Nie
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Guofu Pang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Aerospace Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yuan
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
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3
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Bitirim CV, Ozer ZB, Akcali KC. Estrogen receptor alpha regulates the expression of adipogenic genes genetically and epigenetically in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12071. [PMID: 34595066 PMCID: PMC8436959 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the efficacy of epigenetic modifiers is regarded as an important control mechanism in the determination and differentiation of stem cell fate. Studies are showing that the effect of estrogen is important in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Activation of certain transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in related genes play an active role in the initiation and completion of adipogenic differentiation. Understanding the role of estrogen in diseases such as obesity, which increases with the onset of menopause, will pave the way for more effective use of estrogen as a therapeutic option. Demonstration of the differentiation tendencies of MSCs change in the presence/absence of estrogen, especially the evaluation of reversible epigenetic changes, will provide valuable information for clinical applications. In this study, the effect of estrogen on the expression of genes involved in adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and accompanying epigenetic modifications was investigated. Our results showed that estrogen affects the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors such as PPARy, C/EBPα and Adipsin. In addition, after estrogen treatment, increased accumulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and repressive epigenetic markers such as H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 were observed on the promoter of given transcription factors. By using co-immunoprecipitation experiments we were also able to show that ERα physically interacts with the zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) H3K27 methyltransferase in MSCs. We propose that the increase of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 markers on adipogenic genes upon estrogen treatment may be mediated by the direct interaction of ERα and EZH2. Taken together, these findings suggest that estrogen has a role as an epigenetic switcher in the regulation of H3K27 methylation leading to suppression of adipogenic differentiation of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep B Ozer
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil C Akcali
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Yang C, Croteau S, Hardy P. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9: versatile biological functions and emerging roles in human cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:997-1017. [PMID: 34318404 PMCID: PMC8516780 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) belongs to the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. This enzyme can shuttle freely between the nucleus and cytoplasm and promotes tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by interacting with histone and non-histone substrates. HDAC9 plays an essential role in diverse physiological processes including cardiac muscle development, bone formation, adipocyte differentiation and innate immunity. HDAC9 inhibition or activation is therefore a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in several diseases. HDAC9 overexpression is also common in cancer cells, where HDAC9 alters the expression and activity of numerous relevant proteins involved in carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the most recent discoveries regarding HDAC9 as a crucial regulator of specific physiological systems and, more importantly, highlights the diverse spectrum of HDAC9-mediated posttranslational modifications and their contributions to cancer pathogenesis. HDAC9 is a potential novel therapeutic target, and the restoration of aberrant expression patterns observed among HDAC9 target genes and their related signaling pathways may provide opportunities to the design of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Room 2.17.004, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Stéphane Croteau
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Room 2.17.004, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5 Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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5
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Porcuna J, Mínguez-Martínez J, Ricote M. The PPARα and PPARγ Epigenetic Landscape in Cancer and Immune and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910573. [PMID: 34638914 PMCID: PMC8508752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in nutrient sensing, metabolism, and lipid-related processes. Correct control of their target genes requires tight regulation of the expression of different PPAR isoforms in each tissue, and the dysregulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional programs is linked to disorders, such as metabolic and immune diseases or cancer. Several PPAR regulators and PPAR-regulated factors are epigenetic effectors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetic enzymes, histone modifiers, and DNA methyltransferases. In this review, we examine advances in PPARα and PPARγ-related epigenetic regulation in metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, immune disorders, such as sclerosis and lupus, and a variety of cancers, providing new insights into the possible therapeutic exploitation of PPAR epigenetic modulation.
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Lui H, Samsonraj RM, Vaquette C, Denbeigh J, Kakar S, Cool SM, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ. Combination of BMP2 and EZH2 Inhibition to Stimulate Osteogenesis in a 3D Bone Reconstruction Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1084-1098. [PMID: 33234056 PMCID: PMC8851245 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in bone regeneration cause adverse events (e.g, heterotopic bone formation and acute inflammation). This study examines novel epigenetic strategies (i.e., EZH2 inhibition) for augmenting osteogenesis, thereby aiming to reduce the required BMP2 dose in vivo for bone regeneration and minimize these adverse effects. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were grown on three-dimensional (3D)-printed medical-grade polycaprolactone scaffolds and incubated in osteogenic media containing 50 ng/mL BMP2 and/or 5 μM GSK126 (EZH2 inhibitor) for 6 days (n = 3 per group and timepoint). Constructs were harvested for realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis at Day 10 and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy at Day 21. After pretreating for 6 days and maintaining in osteogenic media for 4 days, BMSC-seeded scaffolds were also implanted in an immunocompromised subcutaneous murine model (n = 39; 3/group/donor and 3 control scaffolds) for histological analysis at 8 weeks. Pretreatment of BMSCs with BMP2 and BMP2/GSK126 costimulated expression of osteoblast-related genes (e.g., IBSP, SP7, RUNX2, and DLX5), as well as protein accumulation (e.g., collagen type 1/COL1A1 and osteocalcin/BGLAP) based on IF staining. While in vivo implantation for 8 weeks did not result in bone formation, increased angiogenesis was observed in BMP2 and BMP2/GSK126 groups. This study finds that BMP2 and GSK126 costimulate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on 3D scaffolds in vitro and may contribute to enhanced vascularization when implanted in vivo to support bone formation. Thus, epigenetic priming with EZH2 inhibitors may have translational potential in bone healing by permitting a reduction of BMP2 dosing in vivo to mitigate its side effects. Impact statement While autografts are still the gold standard for bone reconstruction, tissue availability and donor morbidity are significant limitations. Previous attempts to use high concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) have been shown to cause adverse events such as excessive bone formation and acute inflammation. Overall, the utilization of EZH2 inhibitors to modulate gene expression in favor of bone healing has been demonstrated in vitro in a tissue engineering strategy. Our study will pave the way to developing tissue engineering strategies involving GSK126 as an adjuvant to increase the effects of BMP2 for stimulating cells of interest on a three-dimensional scaffold for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayman Lui
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebekah M. Samsonraj
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janet Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simon M. Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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7
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Cai J, Qi H, Yao K, Yao Y, Jing D, Liao W, Zhao Z. Non-Coding RNAs Steering the Senescence-Related Progress, Properties, and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650431. [PMID: 33816501 PMCID: PMC8017203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thirst to postpone and even reverse aging progress has never been quenched after all these decades. Unequivocally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with extraordinary abilities such as self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, deserve the limelight in this topic. Though having several affable clinical traits, MSCs going through senescence would, on one hand, contribute to age-related diseases and, on the other hand, lead to compromised or even counterproductive therapeutical outcomes. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could invigorate various regulatory processes. With even a slight dip or an uptick of expression, ncRNAs would make a dent in or even overturn cellular fate. Thereby, a systematic illustration of ncRNAs identified so far to steer MSCs during senescence is axiomatically an urgent need. In this review, we introduce the general properties and mechanisms of senescence and its relationship with MSCs and illustrate the ncRNAs playing a role in the cellular senescence of MSCs. It is then followed by the elucidation of ncRNAs embodied in extracellular vesicles connecting senescent MSCs with other cells and diversified processes in and beyond the skeletal system. Last, we provide a glimpse into the clinical methodologies of ncRNA-based therapies in MSC-related fields. Hopefully, the intricate relationship between senescence and MSCs will be revealed one day and our work could be a crucial stepping-stone toward that future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hexu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Brancolini C, Di Giorgio E, Formisano L, Gagliano T. Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes (Who Controls the Controllers)? Two Decades of Studies on HDAC9. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020090. [PMID: 33513699 PMCID: PMC7912504 DOI: 10.3390/life11020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how an epigenetic regulator drives different cellular responses can be a tricky task. Very often, their activities are modulated by large multiprotein complexes, the composition of which is context- and time-dependent. As a consequence, experiments aimed to unveil the functions of an epigenetic regulator can provide different outcomes and conclusions, depending on the circumstances. HDAC9 (histone deacetylase), an epigenetic regulator that influences different differentiating and adaptive responses, makes no exception. Since its discovery, different phenotypes and/or dysfunctions have been observed after the artificial manipulation of its expression. The cells and the microenvironment use multiple strategies to control and monitor HDAC9 activities. To date, some of the genes under HDAC9 control have been identified. However, the exact mechanisms through which HDAC9 can achieve all the different tasks so far described, remain mysterious. Whether it can assemble into different multiprotein complexes and how the cells modulate these complexes is not clearly defined. In summary, despite several cellular responses are known to be affected by HDAC9, many aspects of its network of interactions still remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (E.D.G.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (E.D.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (E.D.G.); (T.G.)
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9
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Hu S, Cho EH, Lee JY. Histone Deacetylase 9: Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Other Chronic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:234-244. [PMID: 32347025 PMCID: PMC7188980 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC9 catalyzes the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors, commonly leading to the suppression of gene transcription. The activity of HDAC9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally. HDAC9 is known to play an essential role in regulating myocyte and adipocyte differentiation and cardiac muscle development. Also, recent studies have suggested that HDAC9 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease, cancer, obesity, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis. HDAC9 modulates the expression of genes related to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases by altering chromatin structure in their promotor region or reducing the transcriptional activity of their respective transcription factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the regulation of HDAC9 expression and activity. Also, the roles of HDAC9 in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases are discussed, along with potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Eun Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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10
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Atkinson SP. A preview of selected articles. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:285-288. [PMID: 32077269 PMCID: PMC7031629 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Yan D, Tang B, Yan L, Zhang L, Miao M, Chen X, Sui G, Zhang Q, Liu D, Wang H. Sodium Selenite Improves The Therapeutic Effect Of BMSCs Via Promoting The Proliferation And Differentiation, Thereby Promoting The Hematopoietic Factors. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 12:9685-9696. [PMID: 32009801 PMCID: PMC6859959 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s209937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) has been known to restore the antioxidant capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, and promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis. However, it is still not clear whether selenium can mediate the differentiation and inhibit the induced hemagglutination of BMSCs. In this study, we attempted to explore the effect of Na2SeO3 on these aspects of BMSCs. Methods We evaluated the fate of the MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of mice by studying their differentiation and proliferation after treatment with Na2SeO3. We also simultaneously evaluated the coagulation reaction induced by Na2SeO3-treated BMSCs in vitro. Results While the mice-derived BMSCs expressed CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, they did not express CD45. The morphology of the derived cells was homogeneously elongated. These results showed that the isolated cells are indeed BMSCs. We found that 0.1 μM and 1 μM of Na2SeO3 promoted the proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs, respectively. This showed that Na2SeO3 can be toxic and exert certain side effects on the BMSCs. The results of the osteogenic and adipogenic assay showed that 0.1 μM Na2SeO3 could significantly promote the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by upregulating the lipid factors (LPL and PPRAG) and osteogenic factors, RUNX2, COL1, and BGP, in a concentration-dependent manner. Coagulation experiments in animals (mice and rats) revealed that Na2SeO3 can reduce the coagulation time of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, which is related to the high expression of hematopoietic factors (SDF-1α, GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, and SCF). Conclusion Na2SeO3 promotes the proliferation and differentiation as well as reduces the coagulation time of BMSCs, and this effect might enhance the therapeutic effect of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang Red Cross Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Miao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyi Sui
- Ethics Committee, The Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chang-Panesso M, Kadyrov FF, Lalli M, Wu H, Ikeda S, Kefaloyianni E, Abdelmageed MM, Herrlich A, Kobayashi A, Humphreys BD. FOXM1 drives proximal tubule proliferation during repair from acute ischemic kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5501-5517. [PMID: 31710314 PMCID: PMC6877314 DOI: 10.1172/jci125519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximal tubule has a remarkable capacity for repair after acute injury, but the cellular lineage and molecular mechanisms underlying this repair response are incompletely understood. Here, we developed a Kim1-GFPCreERt2 knockin mouse line (Kim1-GCE) in order to perform genetic lineage tracing of dedifferentiated cells while measuring the cellular transcriptome of proximal tubule during repair. Acutely injured genetically labeled clones coexpressed KIM1, VIMENTIN, SOX9, and KI67, indicating a dedifferentiated and proliferative state. Clonal analysis revealed clonal expansion of Kim1+ cells, indicating that acutely injured, dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells, rather than fixed tubular progenitor cells, account for repair. Translational profiling during injury and repair revealed signatures of both successful and unsuccessful maladaptive repair. The transcription factor Foxm1 was induced early in injury, was required for epithelial proliferation in vitro, and was dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulation. In conclusion, dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells effect proximal tubule repair, and we reveal an EGFR/FOXM1-dependent signaling pathway that drives proliferative repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Lalli
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Shiyo Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Mai M. Abdelmageed
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Akio Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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Letarouilly JG, Broux O, Clabaut A. New insights into the epigenetics of osteoporosis. Genomics 2019; 111:793-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Sheng Y, Zhao S, Jiang Y, Zhou D, Yang H. Downregulation of antidifferentiation noncoding RNA promotes chondrogenic differentiation and calcification of ligamentum flavum‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3401-3414. [PMID: 30368870 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yifei Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Yuqing Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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15
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Dudakovic A, Camilleri ET, Paradise CR, Samsonraj RM, Gluscevic M, Paggi CA, Begun DL, Khani F, Pichurin O, Ahmed FS, Elsayed R, Elsalanty M, McGee-Lawrence ME, Karperien M, Riester SM, Thaler R, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ( Ezh2) controls bone formation and cell cycle progression during osteogenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12894-12907. [PMID: 29899112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of the histone 3 Lys-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in WT mice enhances osteogenesis and stimulates bone formation. However, conditional genetic loss of Ezh2 early in the mesenchymal lineage (i.e. through excision via Prrx1 promoter-driven Cre) causes skeletal abnormalities due to patterning defects. Here, we addressed the key question of whether Ezh2 controls osteoblastogenesis at later developmental stages beyond patterning. We show that Ezh2 loss in committed pre-osteoblasts by Cre expression via the osterix/Sp7 promoter yields phenotypically normal mice. These Ezh2 conditional knock-out mice (Ezh2 cKO) have normal skull bones, clavicles, and long bones but exhibit increased bone marrow adiposity and reduced male body weight. Remarkably, in vivo Ezh2 loss results in a low trabecular bone phenotype in young mice as measured by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Thus, Ezh2 affects bone formation stage-dependently. We further show that Ezh2 loss in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells suppresses osteogenic differentiation and impedes cell cycle progression as reflected by decreased metabolic activity, reduced cell numbers, and changes in cell cycle distribution and in expression of cell cycle markers. RNA-Seq analysis of Ezh2 cKO calvaria revealed that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn2a is the most prominent cell cycle target of Ezh2 Hence, genetic loss of Ezh2 in mouse pre-osteoblasts inhibits osteogenesis in part by inducing cell cycle changes. Our results suggest that Ezh2 serves a bifunctional role during bone formation by suppressing osteogenic lineage commitment while simultaneously facilitating proliferative expansion of osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Emily T Camilleri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | | | - Martina Gluscevic
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Carlo Alberto Paggi
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Dana L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Farah S Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | | | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
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16
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Li L, Liu W, Wang H, Yang Q, Zhang L, Jin F, Jin Y. Mutual inhibition between HDAC9 and miR-17 regulates osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells in inflammatory conditions. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29691366 PMCID: PMC5915523 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) plays important roles in the post-translational modifications of histone cores as well as non-histone targets. Many of them are involved in key inflammatory processes. Despite their importance, whether and how HDAC9 is regulated under inflammatory conditions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HDAC9 under chronic inflammation condition in human periodontal ligament stromal cell (PDLSCs) and to explore the underlying regulatory mechanism. PDLSCs from healthy or periodontitis human tissue was compared. The therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors was determined in PDLSC pellet transplanted nude mice and LPS-induced rat periodontitis. We report that HDAC9 was the most affected HDAC family member under inflammatory conditions in PDLSCs. HDAC9 impaired osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs under inflammatory conditions. Downregulation of HDAC9 by HDAC inhibitors or si-HDAC9 rescued the osteogenic differentiation capacity of inflammatory PDLSC to a similar level with the healthy PDLSC. In this context, HDAC9 and miR-17 formed an inhibitory loop. The inhibition of miR-17 aggravated loss of calcified nodules in inflamed PDLSCs and interrupted the effect of HDAC inhibitor in rescuing osteogenesis. In vivo experiments using nude mice and LPS-induced periodontitis model confirmed that HDAC inhibitors could improve new bone formation. We conclude that HDAC inhibitors improved osteogenesis of PDLSCs in vitro and periodontitis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Chen YH, Chung CC, Liu YC, Lai WC, Lin ZS, Chen TM, Li LY, Hung MC. YY1 and HDAC9c transcriptionally regulate p38-mediated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:514-525. [PMID: 29637005 PMCID: PMC5883100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a high self-renewal potential and can differentiate into various types of cells, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Previously, we reported that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic component of the Polycomb-repressive complex 2, and HDAC9c mediate the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs. In the current study, we identify the role of p38 in osteogenic differentiation from a MAPK antibody array screen and investigate the mechanisms underlying its transcriptional regulation. Our data show that YY1, a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, and HDAC9c coordinate p38 transcriptional activity to promote its expression to facilitate the osteogenic potential of MSCs. Our results show that p38 mediates osteogenic differentiation, and this has significant implications in bone-related diseases, bone tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chen Chung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lai
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Shin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Long-Yuan Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Bone marrow fat cells comprise the largest population of cells in the bone marrow cavity, a characteristic that has attracted the attention of scholars from different disciplines. The perception that bone marrow adipocytes are "inert space fillers" has been broken, and currently, bone marrow fat is unanimously considered to be the third largest fat depot, after subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. Bone marrow fat (BMF) acts as a metabolically active organ and plays an active role in energy storage, endocrine function, bone metabolism, and the bone metastasis of tumors. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), as a component of the bone marrow microenvironment, influence hematopoiesis through direct contact with cells and the secretion of adipocyte-derived factors. They also influence the progression of hematologic diseases such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and aplastic anemia, and may be a novel target when exploring treatments for related diseases in the future. Based on currently available data, this review describes the role of BMF in hematopoiesis as well as in the development of hematologic diseases.
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19
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Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ. Epigenetic Control of Osteoblast Differentiation by Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The histone methyltransferase EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex involved in H3K27 trimethylation. Aberrant PRC2 activity has been reported in several cancers and EZH2 overexpression has been associated with poor outcome in different tumors. EZH2 somatic mutations and deletions was found in lymphomas, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders and associated with higher H3K27me3 levels. Numerous chemical entities have been studied as EZH2 inhibitors in the recent years and some of them entered the cancer clinical arena. Areas covered: This review summarizes recent efforts in the drug development of EZH2 inhibitors reported in the patent literature covering the 2014-2016 period, and their potential use as therapeutics mainly in cancerous diseases. Expert opinion: Despite the number of compounds described, only a few of them entered the clinical arena. Moreover, most of the compounds developed share a common 2-pyridone ring pharmacophore. Recently, secondary mutants have been described to be resistant to the standard EZH2 inhibitors treatment. Based on these data a lot of effort is still required to find new chemical entities that inhibit EZH2 directly, or indirectly (via PRC2 disruption). Several issues are still to be settled, such as drug resistance and the importance of selectivity over EZH1 or somatic EZH2 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Stazi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
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21
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Plikus MV, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Ito M, Li YR, Dedhia PH, Zheng Y, Shao M, Gay DL, Ramos R, Hsi TC, Oh JW, Wang X, Ramirez A, Konopelski SE, Elzein A, Wang A, Supapannachart RJ, Lee HL, Lim CH, Nace A, Guo A, Treffeisen E, Andl T, Ramirez RN, Murad R, Offermanns S, Metzger D, Chambon P, Widgerow AD, Tuan TL, Mortazavi A, Gupta RK, Hamilton BA, Millar SE, Seale P, Pear WS, Lazar MA, Cotsarelis G. Regeneration of fat cells from myofibroblasts during wound healing. Science 2017; 355:748-752. [PMID: 28059714 DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although regeneration through the reprogramming of one cell lineage to another occurs in fish and amphibians, it has not been observed in mammals. We discovered in the mouse that during wound healing, adipocytes regenerate from myofibroblasts, a cell type thought to be differentiated and nonadipogenic. Myofibroblast reprogramming required neogenic hair follicles, which triggered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and then activation of adipocyte transcription factors expressed during development. Overexpression of the BMP antagonist Noggin in hair follicles or deletion of the BMP receptor in myofibroblasts prevented adipocyte formation. Adipocytes formed from human keloid fibroblasts either when treated with BMP or when placed with human hair follicles in vitro. Thus, we identify the myofibroblast as a plastic cell type that may be manipulated to treat scars in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yun Rose Li
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Denise L Gay
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,INSERM U967, Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ji Won Oh
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Amanda Ramirez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sara E Konopelski
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Arijh Elzein
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anne Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rarinthip June Supapannachart
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elsa Treffeisen
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 328116, USA
| | - Ricardo N Ramirez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rabi Murad
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Institut d'Etudes Avancées de l'Université de Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Tai-Lan Tuan
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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ARN: Analysis and Visualization System for Adipogenic Regulation Network Information. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39347. [PMID: 27982098 PMCID: PMC5159821 DOI: 10.1038/srep39347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation through which preadipocytes become adipocytes. Lots of research is currently ongoing to identify genes, including their gene products and microRNAs, that correlate with fat cell development. However, information fragmentation hampers the identification of key regulatory genes and pathways. Here, we present a database of literature-curated adipogenesis-related regulatory interactions, designated the Adipogenesis Regulation Network (ARN, http://210.27.80.93/arn/), which currently contains 3101 nodes (genes and microRNAs), 1863 regulatory interactions, and 33,969 expression records associated with adipogenesis, based on 1619 papers. A sentence-based text-mining approach was employed for efficient manual curation of regulatory interactions from approximately 37,000 PubMed abstracts. Additionally, we further determined 13,103 possible node relationships by searching miRGate, BioGRID, PAZAR and TRRUST. ARN also has several useful features: i) regulatory map information; ii) tests to examine the impact of a query node on adipogenesis; iii) tests for the interactions and modes of a query node; iv) prediction of interactions of a query node; and v) analysis of experimental data or the construction of hypotheses related to adipogenesis. In summary, ARN can store, retrieve and analyze adipogenesis-related information as well as support ongoing adipogenesis research and contribute to the discovery of key regulatory genes and pathways.
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24
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Ma X, Lin N, Kang Y, Li L, Zheng W. Screening and Identification of Highly Specific MAbs for Discovering Novel Biomarkers of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2016; 35:199-211. [PMID: 27556910 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2016.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are very useful model systems for a better understanding of cell behavior and differential gene expression. Up to now, there have not been specific markers and MAbs for BMSCs that hamper the identification and isolation of BMSCs populations. In this study, chicken BMSCs were isolated from 1-day-old Beijing fatty chickens by adherent culture. After biological characteristics were detected, the chicken BMSCs were used to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare BMSCs-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by the routine hybridoma technique. These MAbs were characterized by FACS analysis, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, subtype identification, and Western blotting assay and were used to explore markers of chicken BMSCs. Our data showed that BMSCs expressing antigens CD29, CD44, and CD105, but not expressing antigens CD34, CD45, and CD11b, could be isolated from postnatal chicken bone marrow and hold great potential for multiline age differentiation. Meanwhile, we obtained two hybridoma cell lines secreting chicken BMSCs-specific MAbs (named CHK1 and CHK2), which specifically recognized the surface antigens expressed on chicken BMSCs. According to our subtype identification, heavy chains of CHK1 and CHK2 were typed as IgG1 and IgG2b, respectively; all the light strands were kappa subtype. MAbs CHK1 and CHK2 can be used to develop the detection assay and to discover novel biomarkers of chicken BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Ma
- 1 School of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China
| | - Nanjing Lin
- 1 School of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Kang
- 1 School of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- 1 School of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- 3 School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China
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25
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Huang Y, Wang L, Zan ALS. ARN: analysis and prediction by adipogenic professional database. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:57. [PMID: 27503118 PMCID: PMC4977645 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which mesenchymal stem cells become adipocytes. Extensive research is ongoing to identify genes, their protein products, and microRNAs that correlate with fat cell development. The existing databases have focused on certain types of regulatory factors and interactions. However, there is no relationship between the results of the experimental studies on adipogenesis and these databases because of the lack of an information center. This information fragmentation hampers the identification of key regulatory genes and pathways. Thus, it is necessary to provide an information center that is quickly and easily accessible to researchers in this field. We selected and integrated data from eight external databases based on the results of text-mining, and constructed a publicly available database and web interface (URL: http://210.27.80.93/arn/ ), which contained 30873 records related to adipogenic differentiation. Then, we designed an online analysis tool to analyze the experimental data or form a scientific hypothesis about adipogenesis through Swanson's literature-based discovery process. Furthermore, we calculated the "Impact Factor" ("IF") value that reflects the importance of each node by counting the numbers of relation records, expression records, and prediction records for each node. This platform can support ongoing adipogenesis research and contribute to the discovery of key regulatory genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - And Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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26
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Chen YH, Chung CC, Liu YC, Yeh SP, Hsu JL, Hung MC, Su HL, Li LY. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 and Histone Deacetylase 9c Regulate Age-Dependent Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Osteoblasts and Adipocytes. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2183-93. [PMID: 27250566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent precursors that can undergo multilineage differentiation, including osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which are two mutually exclusive events. Previously, we demonstrated that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic component of the Polycomb-repressive complex 2, mediates epigenetic silencing of histone deacetylase 9c (HDAC9c) in adipocytes but not in osteoblasts and that HDAC9c accelerates osteogenesis while attenuating adipogenesis of MSCs through inactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 activity. Importantly, disrupting the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis can lead to age-associated bone loss (osteoporosis) and obesity. Here, we investigated the relationship between age, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of MSCs by comparing EZH2 and HDAC9c expression in osteoblasts and adipocytes of both human and mice origins to determine whether the EZH2-HDAC9c axis regulates age-associated osteoporosis and obesity. Our findings indicated that a decline in HDAC9c expression over time was accompanied by increased EZH2 expression and suggested that a therapeutic intervention for age-associated osteoporosis and obesity may be feasible by targeting the EZH2-HDAC9c axis. Stem Cells 2016;34:2183-2193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chia Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Peng Yeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Mahl C, Egea V, Megens RTA, Pitsch T, Santovito D, Weber C, Ries C. RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) regulates migration, differentiation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1489-501. [PMID: 26459448 PMCID: PMC11108374 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored glycoprotein RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) inhibits expression and activity of certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby suppressing tumor cell metastasis. However, RECK's role in physiological cell function is largely unknown. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are able to differentiate into various cell types and represent promising tools in multiple clinical applications including the regeneration of injured tissues by endogenous or transplanted hMSCs. RNA interference of RECK in hMSCs revealed that endogenous RECK suppresses the transcription and biosynthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 but does not influence the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane type (MT)1-MMP and TIMP-1 in these cells. Knockdown of RECK in hMSCs promoted monolayer regeneration and chemotactic migration of hMSCs, as demonstrated by scratch wound and chemotaxis assay analyses. Moreover, expression of endogenous RECK was upregulated upon osteogenic differentiation and diminished after adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. RECK depletion in hMSCs reduced their capacity to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage whereas adipogenesis was increased, demonstrating that RECK functions as a master switch between both pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of RECK in hMSCs attenuated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as indicated by reduced stability and impaired transcriptional activity of β-catenin. The latter was determined by analysis of the β-catenin target genes Dickkopf1 (DKK1), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and a luciferase-based β-catenin-activated reporter (BAR) assay. Our findings demonstrate that RECK is a regulator of hMSC functions suggesting that modulation of RECK may improve the development of hMSC-based therapeutical approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mahl
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Virginia Egea
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pitsch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Ries
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9b, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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28
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Almalki SG, Agrawal DK. Key transcription factors in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2016; 92:41-51. [PMID: 27012163 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that represent a promising source for regenerative medicine. MSCs are capable of osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic differentiation. Efficacy of differentiated MSCs to regenerate cells in the injured tissues requires the ability to maintain the differentiation toward the desired cell fate. Since MSCs represent an attractive source for autologous transplantation, cellular and molecular signaling pathways and micro-environmental changes have been studied in order to understand the role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the differentiation of MSCs. The differentiation of MSC into a mesenchymal lineage is genetically manipulated and promoted by specific transcription factors associated with a particular cell lineage. Recent studies have explored the integration of transcription factors, including Runx2, Sox9, PPARγ, MyoD, GATA4, and GATA6 in the differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, the overexpression of a single transcription factor in MSCs may promote trans-differentiation into specific cell lineage, which can be used for treatment of some diseases. In this review, we critically discussed and evaluated the role of transcription factors and related signaling pathways that affect the differentiation of MSCs toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami G Almalki
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
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29
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Deng P, Chen QM, Hong C, Wang CY. Histone methyltransferases and demethylases: regulators in balancing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:197-204. [PMID: 26674421 PMCID: PMC5153596 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their self-renewing capacity and differentiation potential into multiple tissues. Thus, management of the differentiation capacities of MSCs is important for MSC-based regenerative medicine, such as craniofacial bone regeneration, and in new treatments for metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. In recent years, histone modification has been a growing topic in the field of MSC lineage specification, in which the Su(var)3–9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax (SET) domain-containing family and the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing family represent the major histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), respectively. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms by which SET domain-containing KMTs and JmjC domain-containing KDMs balance the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Christine Hong
- Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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30
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Huang Y, Zheng Y, Jia L, Li W. Long Noncoding RNA H19 Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation Via TGF-β1/Smad3/HDAC Signaling Pathway by Deriving miR-675. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3481-92. [PMID: 26417995 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulatory molecules at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and may play essential roles in the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC). However, their roles and functions remain unclear. Here, we showed that lncRNA H19 was significantly upregulated after the induction of osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of H19 promoted osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro and enhanced heterotopic bone formation in vivo, whereas knockdown of H19 inhibited these effects. Subsequently, we found that miR-675, encoded by exon1 of H19, promoted osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs and was partially responsible for the pro-osteogenic effect of H19. Investigating the underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that H19/miR-675 inhibited mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The downregulation of TGF-β1 subsequently inhibited phosphorylation of Smad3. Meanwhile, H19/miR-675 downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4/5, and thus increased osteoblast marker gene expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the novel pathway H19/miR-675/TGF-β1/Smad3/HDAC regulates osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and may serve as a potential target for enhancing bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Li CJ, Cheng P, Liang MK, Chen YS, Lu Q, Wang JY, Xia ZY, Zhou HD, Cao X, Xie H, Liao EY, Luo XH. MicroRNA-188 regulates age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1509-22. [PMID: 25751060 DOI: 10.1172/jci77716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit an age-dependent reduction in osteogenesis that is accompanied by an increased propensity toward adipocyte differentiation. This switch increases adipocyte numbers and decreases the number of osteoblasts, contributing to age-related bone loss. Here, we found that the level of microRNA-188 (miR-188) is markedly higher in BMSCs from aged compared with young mice and humans. Compared with control mice, animals lacking miR-188 showed a substantial reduction of age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow. Conversely, mice with transgenic overexpression of miR-188 in osterix+ osteoprogenitors had greater age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow relative to WT mice. Moreover, using an aptamer delivery system, we found that BMSC-specific overexpression of miR-188 in mice reduced bone formation and increased bone marrow fat accumulation. We identified histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and RPTOR-independent companion of MTOR complex 2 (RICTOR) as the direct targets of miR-188. Notably, BMSC-specific inhibition of miR-188 by intra-bone marrow injection of aptamer-antagomiR-188 increased bone formation and decreased bone marrow fat accumulation in aged mice. Together, our results indicate that miR-188 is a key regulator of the age-related switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related bone loss.
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32
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Chou RH, Chiu L, Yu YL, Shyu WC. The potential roles of EZH2 in regenerative medicine. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:313-7. [PMID: 25647295 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2, serves as a histone methyltransferase toward histone H3K27 trimethylation and also recruits DNA methyltransferases to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence indicates the critical roles of EZH2 in stem cell maintenance and cell fate decision in differentiation into specific cell lineages. In this article, we review the updated progress in the field and the potential application of EZH2 in regenerative medicine including nervous system, muscle, pancreas, and dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Abdallah BM, Jafari A, Zaher W, Qiu W, Kassem M. Skeletal (stromal) stem cells: an update on intracellular signaling pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2015; 70:28-36. [PMID: 25138551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal (marrow stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow stroma and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Studying signaling pathways that regulate BMSC differentiation into osteoblastic cells is a strategy for identifying druggable targets for enhancing bone formation. This review will discuss the functions and the molecular mechanisms of action on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; of a number of recently identified regulatory molecules: the non-canonical Notch signaling molecule Delta-like 1/preadipocyte factor 1 (Dlk1/Pref-1), the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 and intracellular kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stem Cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walid Zaher
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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34
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Chatterjee TK, Basford JE, Yiew KH, Stepp DW, Hui DY, Weintraub NL. Role of histone deacetylase 9 in regulating adipogenic differentiation and high fat diet-induced metabolic disease. Adipocyte 2014; 3:333-8. [PMID: 26317058 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue serves as both a storage site for excess calories and as an endocrine organ, secreting hormones such as adiponectin that promote metabolic homeostasis. In obesity, adipose tissue expands primarily by hypertrophy (enlargement of existing adipocytes) rather than hyperplasia (generation of new adipocytes via adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes). Progressive adipocyte hypertrophy leads to inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and ectopic lipid deposition, the hallmark characteristics of metabolic disease. We demonstrate that during chronic high fat feeding in mice, adipogenic differentiation is impaired due to the actions of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), a member of the class II family of HDACs. Mechanistically, upregulated HDAC9 expression blocks the adipogenic differentiation program during chronic high fat feeding, leading to accumulation of improperly differentiated adipocytes with diminished expression of adiponectin. These adipocytes are inefficient at storing lipid, resulting in ectopic lipid deposition in the liver. HDAC9 gene deletion prevents the detrimental effects of chronic high fat feeding on adipogenic differentiation, increases adiponectin expression, and enhances energy expenditure by promoting beige adipogenesis, thus leading to reduced body mass and improved metabolic homeostasis. HDAC9 is therefore emerging as a critical regulator of adipose tissue health and a novel therapeutic target for obesity-related disease.
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35
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Zhao J, Wang C, Song Y, Fang B. Arsenic trioxide and microRNA-204 display contrary effects on regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in aplastic anemia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:885-93. [PMID: 25187411 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) had the clinical efficacy in treating patients with aplastic anemia (AA). However, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The important components of the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are often altered in AA patients. In this study, it was found that AA BMSCs were prone to be induced into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts. ATO treatment can at least partially restore the differentiation imbalance of AA BMSCs. We further identified miR-204 as a key regulator in AA BMSC differentiation. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-204 could directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of Runx2 mRNA, a key transcription factor regulating osteogenesis. Moreover, adipogenic differentiation was promoted and osteogenic differentiation was inhibited in miR-204 over-expressed cells, whereas osteogenesis was enhanced and adipocyte formation was inhibited in cells that lost miR-204 function, which suggested its endogenous function. Together we showed that ATO could inhibit adipogenic differentiation, but promote osteogenic differentiation in AA BMSCs, providing a possible explanation for ATO clinical efficacy in AA patients. MiR-204 plays a key role in regulating BMSCs differentiation, and down-regulating miR-204 expression might be a novel strategy to treat AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhao
- Henan Key Lab of Experimental Haematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Tumor Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Henan Key Lab of Experimental Haematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Tumor Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Henan Key Lab of Experimental Haematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Tumor Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Baijun Fang
- Henan Key Lab of Experimental Haematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Tumor Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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36
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Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste homlog 2 (EZH2) is a catalytic subunit of epigenetic regulator Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which trimethylates Lys 27 of histone H3, leading to silencing of the target genes that are involved in a variety of biological processes including tumor progression and stem cell maintenance. However, in addition to its canonical PRC2-dependent transcriptional repression function, EZH2 also acts as a gene activator in a noncanonical PRC2-independent manner. Overexpression of EZH2 has been detected in diverse cancers, and is associated with tumor malignancy. Moreover, activating mutations and inactivating mutations of EZH2 are also associated with certain types of cancer. Given EZH2’s multi-faceted function and role in cancer, context-specific strategy for targeting EZH2/EZH2-mediated signaling could serve as future targeted therapy/personalized medicine for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taichung, Taiwan ; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taichung, Taiwan
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37
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Ko JY, Chuang PC, Chen MW, Ke HC, Wu SL, Chang YH, Chen YS, Wang FS. MicroRNA-29a ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced suppression of osteoblast differentiation by regulating β-catenin acetylation. Bone 2013; 57:468-75. [PMID: 24096265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excess glucocorticoid treatment induces loss of osteoblast differentiation. Post-translational modification of β-catenin reportedly regulates osteogenic activities in bone cells. This study was undertaken to test whether miR-29a signaling regulates the acetylation status of β-catenin in the glucocorticoid-mediated osteoblast dysfunction. Murine osteoblast cultures were incubated under osteogenic conditions with or without supraphysiological glucocorticoid, miR-29a precursor, antisense oligonucleotides or histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) RNA interferences. Osteoblast differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and von Kossa stain. β-Catenin acetylation and miR-29a transcription were detected by immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR. Protein interaction was detected by fluorescence protein ligation assay. Supraphysiological glucocorticoid treatment repressed osteoblast differentiation and induced loss of miR-29a expression and acetylated β-catenin levels in osteoblast cultures. Gain of miR-29a function attenuated the deleterious effects of glucocorticoid on osteogenic gene expression and mineralized nodule formation, whereas knockdown of miR-29a signaling accelerated loss of osteoblast differentiation capacity. miR-29a reduced HDAC4 signaling and attenuated the glucocorticoid-mediated β-catenin deacetylation and ubiquitination and restored nuclear β-catenin levels. Glucocorticoid-induced loss of miR-29a signaling occurred through transcriptional and translational regulation. Interruption of HDAC4 signaling attenuated the glucocorticoid-induced hypoacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9Ac) and restored the enrichment of H3K9Ac in miR-29a proximal promoter region and miR-29a transcription in cell cultures. Taken together, excess glucocorticoid-induced loss of miR-29a signaling accelerates β-catenin deacetylation and ubiquitination that impairs osteogenic activities of osteoblast cultures. miR-29a and HDAC4 reciprocal regulation of H3K9 acetylation contributes to the acetylation status of β-catenin and miR-29a expression. Enhancement of miR-29a signaling is an alternative strategy for protecting against the adverse actions of excess glucocorticoid on differentiation capacity of osteogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Yang Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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38
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Chang SLY, Chou RH, Zeng HJ, Lin YH, Chiu TY, Yang DM, Hung SC, Lai CH, Hsieh JT, Shyu WC, Yu YL. Downregulation of DAB2IP promotes mesenchymal-to-neuroepithelial transition and neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75884. [PMID: 24073285 PMCID: PMC3779184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) is a new member of the Ras GTPase–activating protein family. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to its tumor suppressive role in various tumors, DAB2IP also plays an important role in regulating neuronal migration and positioning during brain development. In this study, we determined the roles of DAB2IP in the neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We found that lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of DAB2IP promoted the mesenchymal-to-neuroepithelial stem cell transition (MtNeST) and neuronal differentiation, which were accompanied by a reduction of cell proliferation but not apoptosis or cellular senescence. This suggests that DAB2IP plays an important role in the neuronal induction of hMSCs. Moreover, our finding that reduction of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activity upon LiCl pretreatment inhibited both the MtNeST and production of MAP2-positive cells upon DAB2IP knockdown suggests that this transition is most likely mediated by regulation of the GSK3β signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates that DAB2IP participates in the first step of neuron induction of hMSCs, which implies a potentially important role for DAB2IP in the MtNeST during neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Li-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, and Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jie Zeng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering and Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering and Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- University of Texas, Department of Urology, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center and Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLY); (WCS)
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLY); (WCS)
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Chen E, Tang MK, Yao Y, Yau WWY, Lo LM, Yang X, Chui YL, Chan J, Lee KKH. Silencing BRE expression in human umbilical cord perivascular (HUCPV) progenitor cells accelerates osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67896. [PMID: 23935848 PMCID: PMC3720665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BRE is a multifunctional adapter protein involved in DNA repair, cell survival and stress response. To date, most studies of this protein have been focused in the tumor model. The role of BRE in stem cell biology has never been investigated. Therefore, we have used HUCPV progenitor cells to elucidate the function of BRE. HUCPV cells are multipotent fetal progenitor cells which possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of mesenchymal cell lineages when chemically induced and can be more easily amplified in culture. In this study, we have established that BRE expression was normally expressed in HUCPV cells but become down-regulated when the cells were induced to differentiate. In addition, silencing BRE expression, using BRE-siRNAs, in HUCPV cells could accelerate induced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Hence, we postulated that BRE played an important role in maintaining the stemness of HUCPV cells. We used microarray analysis to examine the transcriptome of BRE-silenced cells. BRE-silencing negatively regulated OCT4, FGF5 and FOXO1A. BRE-silencing also altered the expression of epigenetic genes and components of the TGF-β/BMP and FGF signaling pathways which are crucially involved in maintaining stem cell self-renewal. Comparative proteomic profiling also revealed that BRE-silencing resulted in decreased expressions of actin-binding proteins. In sum, we propose that BRE acts like an adaptor protein that promotes stemness and at the same time inhibits the differentiation of HUCPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elve Chen
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kuen Tang
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Winifred Wing Yiu Yau
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok Man Lo
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiu Loon Chui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - John Chan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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40
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Napimoga MH, Demasi APD, Bossonaro JP, de Araújo VC, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Martinez EF. Low doses of 15d-PGJ2 induce osteoblast activity in a PPAR-gamma independent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:131-8. [PMID: 23597428 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) regulates both glucose metabolism and bone mass. Evidence suggests that the therapeutic modulation of PPARγ with synthetic agonists activity may elicit undesirable effects on bone. However, there is no information regarding its natural agonist 15d-PGJ2, besides its excellent anti-inflammatory action. In the present study the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on osteoblastic cells were determined. Osteoblastic cells (MC3T3) were cultured in an osteogenic medium in the presence of 1, 3 or 10 μM of 15d-PGJ2 during 21 days and alizarin and Von Kossa staining were employed. The protein expression (type-I collagen, osteonectin, osteopontin, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, HDAC-9c and PPAR-γ) was evaluated after 3 days in the presence of 15d-PGJ2 by western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence methods. The production of mineralized extracellular matrix was observed by transmission electron microscopy. After 72 h of culture, the mRNA was extracted for RT-qPCR analysis of RUNX expression. In the presence of all 3 tested 15d-PGJ2 doses, alizarin red and Von kossa staining were positive demonstrating the ability to the osteoblast differentiation. Type-I collagen and osteonectin proteins expression were up-regulated (p < 0.05) after 72 h in the presence of the smaller doses of 15d-PGJ2. In contrast, osteopontin, RANKL and OPG expression did not significantly alter. In the presence of 15d-PGJ2 it was possible to visualize mineralized nodules in the extracellular matrix confirmed with the increased RUNX mRNA expression. 15d-PGJ2 at small doses increased the osteoblast activity and the bone-related proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
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Yu YL, Chou RH, Shyu WC, Hsieh SC, Wu CS, Chiang SY, Chang WJ, Chen JN, Tseng YJ, Lin YH, Lee W, Yeh SP, Hsu JL, Yang CC, Hung SC, Hung MC. Smurf2-mediated degradation of EZH2 enhances neuron differentiation and improves functional recovery after ischaemic stroke. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:531-47. [PMID: 23526793 PMCID: PMC3628108 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2 plays an important role in stem cell renewal and maintenance by inducing gene silencing via its histone methyltransferase activity. Previously, we showed that EZH2 downregulation enhances neuron differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); however, the underlying mechanisms of EZH2-regulated neuron differentiation are still unclear. Here, we identify Smurf2 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for the polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of EZH2, which is required for neuron differentiation. A ChIP-on-chip screen combined with gene microarray analysis revealed that PPARγ was the only gene involved in neuron differentiation with significant changes in both its modification and expression status during differentiation. Moreover, knocking down PPARγ prevented cells from undergoing efficient neuron differentiation. In animal model, rats implanted with intracerebral EZH2-knocked-down hMSCs or hMSCs plus treatment with PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) showed better improvement than those without EZH2 knockdown or rosiglitazone treatment after a stroke. Together, our results support Smurf2 as a regulator of EZH2 turnover to facilitate PPARγ expression, which is specifically required for neuron differentiation, providing a molecular mechanism for clinical applications in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Zhu L, Xu PC. Downregulated LncRNA-ANCR promotes osteoblast differentiation by targeting EZH2 and regulating Runx2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:612-7. [PMID: 23438432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of diverse biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, cell growth and differentiation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the lncRNA-ANCR (anti-differentiation ncRNA) is required to maintain the undifferentiated cell state within the epidermis. However, little is known about whether ANCR regulates osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we found that the ANCR expression level is significantly decreased during hFOB1.19 cell differentiation. ANCR-siRNA blocks the expression of endogenous ANCR, resulting in osteoblast differentiation, whereas ANCR overexpression is sufficient to inhibit osteoblast differentiation. We further demonstrated that ANCR is associated with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and that this association results in the inhibition of both Runx2 expression and subsequent osteoblast differentiation. These data suggest that ANCR is an essential mediator of osteoblast differentiation, thus offering a new target for the development of therapeutic agents to treat bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Clinic of Xuhui District, 685 Zhaojiabang Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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43
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Chen YH, Hung MC, Li LY. EZH2: a pivotal regulator in controlling cell differentiation. Am J Transl Res 2012; 4:364-75. [PMID: 23145205 PMCID: PMC3493026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in stem cell self-renewal, maintenance and lineage differentiation. The epigenetic profiles of stem cells are related to their transcriptional signature. Enhancer of Zeste homlog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic subunit of epigenetic regulator Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), has been shown to be a key regulator in controlling cellular differentiation. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase that not only methylates histone H3 on Lys 27 (H3K27me3) but also interacts with and recruits DNA methyltransferases to methylate CpG at certain EZH2 target genes to establish firm repressive chromatin structures, contributing to tumor progression and the regulation of development and lineage commitment both in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells. In addition to its well-recognized epigenetic gene silencing function, EZH2 also directly methylates nonhistone targets such as the cardiac transcription factor, GATA4, resulting in attenuated GATA4 transcriptional activity and gene repression. This review addresses recent progress toward the understanding of the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of EZH2 and its targets as well as their roles in stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Long-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in cell differentiation, by allowing the establishment and maintenance of the gene-expression pattern of the mature cell type. Because of its importance in chronic diseases, adipogenesis is one of the best-studied differentiation processes. The hormonal and transcriptional cascades governing the differentiation of the adipocytes are well known, but the role of epigenetic mechanisms is only starting to emerge. In this review, we intend to summarize the recently described epigenetic events that participate in adipogenesis and their connections with the main factors that constitute the classical transcriptional cascade. RECENT FINDINGS The advent of high-throughput technologies has made possible the exhaustive analysis of the epigenetic phenomenons taking place during adipogenesis. The cooperative recruitment of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ) and other early proadipogenic transcription factors to transcription factor hotspots shortly after induction of adipogenesis is required to establish a transient epigenomic state that then informs the recruitment of the later adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and C/EBPα to their target genes. SUMMARY Epigenetic marks and chromatin-modifying proteins contribute to adipogenesis and, through regulation of the phenotypic maintenance of the mature adipocytes, to the control of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina M Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
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Al-Musawi SL, Stickland NC, Bayol SAM. In ovo temperature manipulation differentially influences limb musculoskeletal development in two lines of chick embryos selected for divergent growth rates. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:1594-604. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.068791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Selective breeding has led to diverging phenotypic evolution in layer and broiler chickens through genomic and epigenetic modifications. Here we show that in ovo environmental manipulation differentially influences embryonic limb muscle phenotype in these two breeds. We demonstrate that raising incubation temperature from 37.5 to 38.5°C between embryonic days (ED) 4 and 7 increased motility and body mass in both layer and broiler embryos. In layers, this was accompanied by gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy, increased fibre and nuclei numbers and a higher nuclei to fibre ratio (ED18), preceded by increased hindlimb Myf5 (ED5–8), Pax7 (ED5–10), BMP4 (ED6–9) and IGF-I (ED9–10, ED18) mRNAs. In broilers, the same temperature treatment led to reduced gastrocnemius cross-sectional area with fewer fibres and nuclei and an unchanged fibre to nuclei ratio (ED18). This was preceded by a delay in the peak of hindlimb Myf5 expression, increased Pax7 (ED5, ED7–10) and BMP4 (ED6–8) but reduced IGF-I (ED8–10) mRNAs. Rather than promoting myogenesis as in layer embryos, the temperature treatment promoted gastrocnemius intramuscular fat deposition in broilers (ED18) preceded by increased hindlimb PPARγ mRNA (ED7–10). The treatment increased tibia/tarsus bone length as well as femur cross-sectional area in both breeds, but femur length and bone to cartilage ratio in the femur and tibia/tarsus were only increased in treated layers (ED18). We conclude that in ovo temperature manipulation differentially affected the molecular regulation of hindlimb myogenic, adipogenic and growth factor expression in broiler and layer embryos, leading to differential changes in muscle phenotype. The underlying interactive mechanisms between genes and the environment need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Al-Musawi
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Neil C. Stickland
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Stéphanie A. M. Bayol
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
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46
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Histone deacetylases 2 and 9 are coexpressed and nuclear localized in human molar odontoblasts in vivo. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:697-702. [PMID: 22297573 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are components of nuclear multiprotein complexes that deacetylate histones and perform important roles in repression of transcription.Using specific rabbit mAbs, we analyzed by immune histochemistry and confocal immunofluorescence analysis the expression and subcellular localization of HDAC1–4 and HDAC9 in sections of adult human third molars. HDAC2 and HDAC9 were expressed in some pulpal cells and strongly expressed in the majority of mature odontoblasts.In contrast, only weak expression of HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC4 was observed. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis together with the DNA stain DRAQ5 revealed that HDAC2 and HDAC9 were coexpressed within the odontoblast nucleus, but localized to distinct subnuclear structures.In contrast to the current point of view, HDAC2 is strongly expressed in a terminally differentiated cell type.Our results imply that class I and II HDACs are involved in the transcriptional regulation of human odontoblasts in vivo.
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Kennard L, Thanabalasundaram G, Tailor HD, Khan WS. Advances and developments in the use of human mesenchymal stem cells - a few considerations. Open Orthop J 2011; 5:249-52. [PMID: 21892368 PMCID: PMC3149860 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001105010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One less visited area in musculoskeletal stem cell research is the effects of donor age on quality of stem cells. The prevalence of degenerative orthopaedic conditions is large, and the older population is likely to receive great benefit from stem cell therapies. There are many known growth factors involved in controlling and influencing stem cell growth which are also related to cell senescence. Of which, expressions are found to be altered in mesenchymal stem cells from older donors. Considerations must also be taken of these mechanisms which also have a role in cell cycle and tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Kennard
- Foundation Training Department, East of England NHS Deanery, Cambridge, CB21 5XE, UK
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48
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Chou RH, Yu YL, Hung MC. The roles of EZH2 in cell lineage commitment. Am J Transl Res 2011; 3:243-250. [PMID: 21654879 PMCID: PMC3102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), epigenetically regulates chromatin structure and gene expressions through tri-methylation at histone H3K27 and recruitment of DNA methyltransferases for gene silencing. Despite extensive studies of the role of EZH2 in cancer progression and malignancy, increasing evidence also suggest that EZH2 plays a critical role in stem cells renewal, maintenance, and differentiation into specific cell lineages. Here, we review the updated information regarding how EZH2 contributes to stem cell maintenance, cell lineage determination, including myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, epidermal differentiation and hepatogenesis, and how EZH2 is regulated by phosphorylation and microRNAs in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX 77030, USA
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