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Tone M, Iwahori K, Hirata M, Ueyama A, Tani A, Haruta JI, Takeda Y, Shintani Y, Kumanogoh A, Wada H. Tetracyclines enhance antitumor T-cell immunity via the Zap70 signaling pathway. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008334. [PMID: 38621815 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors is only effective for a limited population of patients with cancer. Therefore, the development of novel cancer immunotherapy is anticipated. In preliminary studies, we demonstrated that tetracyclines enhanced T-cell responses. Therefore, we herein investigated the efficacy of tetracyclines on antitumor T-cell responses by human peripheral T cells, murine models, and the lung tumor tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a focus on signaling pathways in T cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of peripheral and lung tumor-infiltrated human T cells against tumor cells was assessed by using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) technology (BiTE-assay system). The effects of tetracyclines on T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC were examined using the BiTE-assay system in comparison with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody, nivolumab. T-cell signaling molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. To investigate the in vivo antitumor effects of tetracyclines, tetracyclines were administered orally to BALB/c mice engrafted with murine tumor cell lines, either in the presence or absence of anti-mouse CD8 inhibitors. RESULTS The results obtained revealed that tetracyclines enhanced antitumor T-cell cytotoxicity with the upregulation of granzyme B and increased secretion of interferon-γ in human peripheral T cells and the lung tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC. The analysis of T-cell signaling showed that CD69 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated by minocycline. Downstream of T-cell receptor signaling, Zap70 phosphorylation and Nur77 were also upregulated by minocycline in the early phase after T-cell activation. These changes were not observed in T cells treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies under the same conditions. The administration of tetracyclines exhibited antitumor efficacy with the upregulation of CD69 and increases in tumor antigen-specific T cells in murine tumor models. These changes were canceled by the administration of anti-mouse CD8 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, tetracyclines enhanced antitumor T-cell immunity via Zap70 signaling. These results will contribute to the development of novel cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tone
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michinari Hirata
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azumi Ueyama
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Compound Library Screening Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Haruta
- Lead Explorating Units, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Rassouli A, Shihmani B, Mehrzad J, Shokrpoor S. The immunomodulatory effect of minocycline on gene expression of inflammation related cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2159-2165. [PMID: 35622407 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2077743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of minocycline, the present study was carried out on the gene expression of toll-like receptor type-4 (TLR4) and some pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs were collected and then 5.4 × 106 PBMCs/mL were used in eight groups as follows: control group (only media), LPS group (only LPS), methylprednisolone (Pred) group (LPS plus Pred), meloxicam (Melo) group (LPS plus Melo), three minocycline groups [M1, M5 and M25] (LPS plus 1, 5, and 25 µg/mL minocycline, respectively) and minocycline control (MC) group (5 µg/mL minocycline). After incubation for 24 h, the PBMCs were subjected to quantitative PCR assays. Gene expression levels of TLR4 were not changed in any groups. The IL-1β levels were increased in the LPS group but the increases were much more intense in the other groups except Pred group. Compared with control group, IL-6 levels increased significantly in Melo, M1 and M25 groups. Significant increases of IL-10 levels were also observed in Melo, M25 and MC groups. It can be concluded that minocycline had dual pro- and anti-inflammatory activities with potential clinical immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rassouli
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basim Shihmani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Aniagyei W, Adjei JK, Adankwah E, Seyfarth J, Mayatepek E, Antwi Berko D, Sakyi SA, Batsa Debrah L, Debrah AY, Hoerauf A, Owusu DO, Phillips RO, Jacobsen M. Doxycycline Treatment of Mansonella perstans-Infected Individuals Affects Immune Cell Activation and Causes Long-term T-cell Polarization. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e1399-e1407. [PMID: 35657028 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxycycline is used for treatment of Mansonella perstans infection. Immune modulatory effects of both M. perstans and doxycycline have been described but long-term implications on host immune response are not defined. Here we determined multiple immune parameters of M. perstans-infected individuals before and after doxycycline treatment to characterize doxycycline effects on host T-cell immunity. METHODS Immune characterization of doxycycline-treated M. perstans-infected individuals was performed as part of an open-label randomized clinical trial. Immune cell population phenotyping by flow cytometry and functional in vitro T-cell assays were performed at baseline, 6 months, and "long term" (18-24 months) after treatment start. Treatment efficacy, based on peripheral blood microfilaria (mf) burden, was correlated with immune parameters and effects on immune response against concomitant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were determined. RESULTS Immune population phenotyping indicated changes in functional T-cell responses after doxycycline treatment. Constitutive and superantigen-induced T-cell activation and polarization towards T-helper type (TH) 1 phenotype at baseline declined after doxycycline treatment, whereas low proportions of TH17 and TH1* cells at baseline increased significantly at follow-up. In accordance, long-term decline in antigen-specific TH1 responses against concomitant M. tuberculosis infection was seen. Notably, only TH17 and TH1* changes after 6 months and TH17 at baseline were negatively correlated with M. perstans microfilaria burden or reduction, whereas long-term changes were not associated with treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS We found long-term immune modulatory effects of doxycycline treatment leading to decreased constitutive T-cell activation, polarization towards TH17/TH1*, and impaired immune response against concomitant M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Aniagyei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Kofi Adjei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Adankwah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Antwi Berko
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Yaw Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorcas O Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard O Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tan Z, Guo Y, Shrestha M, Sun D, Gregory-Ksander M, Jakobs TC. Microglia depletion exacerbates retinal ganglion cell loss in a mouse model of glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109273. [PMID: 36206859 PMCID: PMC10970711 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To test whether depletion of microglia in the optic nerve head has a beneficial effect on retinal ganglion cell numbers and function, we depleted microglia by oral administration of the CSF1R antagonist PLX5622. Then, ocular hypertension was induced by unilateral injection of magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber. Visual function was assessed with pattern electroretinography and measurement of the optomotor reflex. Retinal ganglion cell bodies and axons were counted and gene expression patterns in optic nerve head astrocytes were tested on freshly dissociated astrocytes. PLX5622 efficiently depleted microglia in the retina and the optic nerve head, but about 20% of microglia persisted in the myelinated optic nerve proper even after prolonged exposure to the drug. PLX5622 did not affect ganglion cell function by itself. Elevation of the IOP for four weeks led to the expected decrease in visual acuity and pattern ERG amplitude. Microglia ablation did not affect these parameters. Ganglion cell and axon numbers were counted histologically post mortem. Mice in the microglia depletion group showed a moderate but significantly greater loss of ganglion cells than the control group. At four weeks post microbead injection, gene expression patterns in optic nerve head astrocytes are consistent with an A2 (or neuroprotective) pattern. Microglia depletion blunted the up-regulation of A2 genes in astrocytes. In conclusion, microglia depletion is unlikely to protect retinal ganglion cells in early glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhu Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Maleeka Shrestha
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Meredith Gregory-Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tatjana C Jakobs
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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5
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Chemogenetic and Optogenetic Manipulations of Microglia in Chronic Pain. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:368-378. [PMID: 35976535 PMCID: PMC10043090 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain relief remains an unmet medical need. Current research points to a substantial contribution of glia-neuron interaction in its pathogenesis. Particularly, microglia play a crucial role in the development of chronic pain. To better understand the microglial contribution to chronic pain, specific regional and temporal manipulations of microglia are necessary. Recently, two new approaches have emerged that meet these demands. Chemogenetic tools allow the expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically in microglia. Similarly, optogenetic tools allow for microglial manipulation via the activation of artificially expressed, light-sensitive proteins. Chemo- and optogenetic manipulations of microglia in vivo are powerful in interrogating microglial function in chronic pain. This review summarizes these emerging tools in studying the role of microglia in chronic pain and highlights their potential applications in microglia-related neurological disorders.
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Minocycline Alleviates White Matter Injury following Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Regulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation via Notch1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3435267. [PMID: 35571238 PMCID: PMC9098346 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3435267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major reason for white matter injury (WMI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Apart from microglia/macrophage activation, T cells also play an important role in regulating immune responses after ICH. In a previous study, we have revealed the role of minocycline in modulating microglia/macrophage activation after ICH. However, the exact mechanisms of minocycline in regulating T cells differentiation after ICH are still not well understood. Hence, this study explored the relationship between minocycline and CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Piglet ICH model was used to investigate naive CD4+ T cell differentiation and T cells signal gene activation after ICH with immunofluorescence and whole transcriptome sequencing. Naive CD4+ T cells and primary oligodendrocyte coculture model were established to explore the effect and mechanism of minocycline in modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Flow cytometry was used to indicate CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. The mechanism of minocycline in modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation was demonstrated with immunofluorescence and western blot. Double immunostaining of representative CD4+ T cell marker CD3 and different subtype CD4+ T cell assisted proteins (IL17, IL4, Foxp3, and IFNγ) demonstrated naive CD4+ T cell differentiation in piglet after ICH. Whole transcriptome sequencing for perihematomal white matter sorted from piglet brains indicated T cell signal gene activation after ICH. The results of luxol fast blue staining, immunofluorescent staining, and electron microscopy showed that minocycline alleviated white matter injury after ICH in piglets. For our in vitro model, minocycline reduced oligodendrocyte injury and neuroinflammation by regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Moreover, minocycline increased the expression of NOTCH1, ACT1, RBP-J, and NICD1 in cultured CD4+ T cell when stimulated with hemoglobin. Hence, minocycline treatment could modulate naive CD4+ T cell differentiation and attenuate white matter injury via regulating Notch1 signaling pathway after ICH.
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7
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Noguchi Y, Yamamoto Y, Iwahori K, Matsumoto M, Hirata M, Okuyama H, Shintani Y, Kumanogoh A, Wada H. Tetracyclines Enhance Anti-tumor T-Cell Responses Induced by a Bispecific T-Cell Engager. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:429-437. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsunobu Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Michinari Hirata
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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Wang B, Lin W, Zhu H. Minocycline improves the recovery of nerve function and alleviates blood-brain barrier damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum in traumatic brain injury mice model. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211010898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinical emergency with a very high incidence, disability, and fatality rate. Minocycline, a widely used semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline antibiotic, has anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects. However, minocycline has not been explored as a therapeutic drug in TBI and if effective, the related molecular mechanism is also unclear. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of minocycline, in mice TBI model by studying the trauma-related functional and morphological changes. Also, in vitro cell studies were carried out to verify the animal model data. We found that minocycline significantly improved the neurobehavioral score, inhibited apoptosis, repaired the blood-brain barrier, and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in TBI mice. In vitro, upon oxygen and glucose deprivation, minocycline reduced the levels of cellular inflammatory factors and increased the levels of tight junction and adherens junction proteins, thereby significantly improving the cell viability. Moreover, Mino treatment prevented the loss of tight junction and adherens junction proteins which were markedly reversed by an ER stress activator (tunicamycin) both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings set an effective basis for the clinical use of Mino to treat Traumatic brain injury-induced neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Wendong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Haiping Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
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Park CS, Kim SH, Lee CK. Immunotherapy of Autoimmune Diseases with Nonantibiotic Properties of Tetracyclines. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e47. [PMID: 33425432 PMCID: PMC7779869 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines, which have long been used as broad-spectrum antibiotics, also exhibit a variety of nonantibiotic activities including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Tetracyclines bind to the 30S ribosome of the bacteria and inhibit protein synthesis. Unlike antimicrobial activity, the primary molecular target for the nonantibiotic activity of tetracycline remains to be clarified. Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacies of tetracyclines, particularly minocycline and doxycycline, have been demonstrated in various animal models of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. In this study, we summarized the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of tetracyclines, focusing on the mechanisms underlying these activities. In addition, we highlighted the on-going or completed clinical trials with reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Liu WL, Chiang FT, Kao JTW, Chiou SH, Lin HL. GSK3 modulation in acute lung injury, myocarditis and polycystic kidney disease-related aneurysm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118798. [PMID: 32693109 PMCID: PMC7368652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GSK3 are involved in different physical and pathological conditions and inflammatory regulated by macrophages contribute to significant mechanism. Infection stimuli may modulate GSK3 activity and influence host cell adaption, immune cells infiltration or cytokine expressions. To further address the role of GSK3 modulation in macrophages, the signal transduction of three major organs challenged by endotoxin, virus and genetic inherited factors are briefly introduced (lung injury, myocarditis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease). As a result of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of GSK3 in different microenvironments and stages of macrophages (M1/M2), the rational resolution should be considered by adequately GSK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Center For Innovation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juliana Tze-Wah Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Lin
- Center For Innovation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Fund Managing, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Gautam SS, Gautam CS, Garg VK, Singh H. Combining hydroxychloroquine and minocycline: potential role in moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1183-1190. [PMID: 33008280 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1832889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection require specific drugs to prevent the morbidity and mortality. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has shown some promise in the management of COVID 19. Minocycline, because of its anticytokine and other useful properties can be an ideal candidate for combining with HCQ. AREAS COVERED Here we review the need and mechanisms and reasons for combining HCQ and minocycline moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. We also reviewed the advantages, potential safety concerns and precautions to be taken, while combining HCQ and minocycline. EXPERT OPINION Combining HCQ and minocycline offers many advantages in the management of moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. Both drugs are cheaper, widely available and long-term safety data and contraindications are well known. We do not recommend this combination for prophylaxis or use in asymptomatic or mild disease patients as this can lead to unnecessary safety concerns. Additive antimicrobial and anticytokine effects of both drugs may reduce the morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19 and may act as a cheaper alternative to the costlier drugs, however, thorough clinical research is warranted. We call upon public and private healthcare bodies to come up with large well-designed clinical studies for generating evidence-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C S Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital , Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital , Chandigarh, India
| | - Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital , Chandigarh, India
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Ruth MM, Magombedze G, Gumbo T, Bendet P, Sangen JJN, Zweijpfenning S, Hoefsloot W, Pennings L, Koeken VACM, Wertheim HFL, Lee PS, van Ingen J, Deshpande D. Minocycline treatment for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and Bayesian framework mathematical models. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1952-1961. [PMID: 31039251 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to identify the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of minocycline in the hollow-fibre system (HFS) model of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and to identify the optimal clinical dose. METHODS Minocycline MICs for 55 MAC clinical isolates from the Netherlands were determined. We also co-incubated primary isolated macrophages infected with MAC with minocycline. Next, we performed a 28 day HFS-MAC model dose-response study in which we mimicked pulmonary concentration-time profiles achieved in patients. The HFS-MAC model was sampled at intervals to determine the minocycline pharmacokinetics and MAC burden. We identified the AUC0-24/MIC ratios associated with 1.0 log10 cfu/mL kill below day 0 (stasis), defined as a bactericidal effect. We then performed 10000 Monte Carlo experiments to identify the optimal dose for a bactericidal effect in patients. RESULTS The MIC for 50% and 90% of cumulative clinical isolates was 8 and 64 mg/L, respectively. Minocycline decreased MAC bacterial burden below stasis in primary isolated macrophages. In the HFS-MAC model, minocycline achieved a microbial kill of 3.6 log10 cfu/mL below stasis. The AUC0-24/MIC exposure associated with a bactericidal effect was 59. Monte Carlo experiments identified a minocycline susceptibility MIC breakpoint of 16 mg/L. At this proposed breakpoint, the clinical dose of 200 mg/day achieved the bactericidal effect exposure target in ∼50% of patients, while 400 mg/day achieved this in 73.6% of patients, in Monte Carlo experiments. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline at a dose of 400 mg/day is expected to be bactericidal. We propose a clinical trial for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M Ruth
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gesham Magombedze
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paula Bendet
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jasper J N Sangen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Zweijpfenning
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hoefsloot
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lian Pennings
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pooi S Lee
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jakko van Ingen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Devyani Deshpande
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Cai Z, Ye T, Xu X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Wang D, Gu Y, Zhu H, Tong L, Lu J, Chen Z, Huang C. Antidepressive properties of microglial stimulation in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109931. [PMID: 32201112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decrease of microglia in the hippocampus is a novel mechanism for depression onset. Reversal of this decrease can ameliorate stress-induced depression-like behaviors in rodents. However, the property of this therapeutic strategy remains unclear. We addressed this issue by designing a series of behavioral experiments. Results showed that a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection at the dose of 75 and 100 μg/kg, but not at 30 or 50 μg/kg, produced obvious antidepressant effects in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mice at 5 h after the drug administration. In the time-dependent experiment, a single LPS injection (100 μg/kg) ameliorated the CUS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice at 5 and 8 h, but not at 3 h, after the drug administration. The antidepressant effect of a single LPS injection persisted at least 10 days and disappeared at 14 days after the drug administration. 14 days after the first injection, a second LPS injection (100 μg/kg) still produced antidepressant effects in chronically-stressed mice who re-displayed depression-like behaviors at 5 h after the drug administration. The antidepressant effect of LPS appears to be dependent on microglia, as at 5 h after LPS administration (100 μg/kg), the CUS-induced decrease in microglial numbers and Iba-1 mRNA levels in the hippocampus was reversed markedly, and inhibition of microglia by minocycline (40 mg/kg) or PLX33297 (290 mg/kg) prevented the antidepressant effect of LPS in CUS mice. These results indicate that a single LPS injection displays rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in chronically stressed mice likely through stimulating hippocampal microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minhui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, #288 Zhenxing East Road, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lijuan Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiashu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Taizhou, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #210 Yingchun Road, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Yoshida T, Das NA, Carpenter AJ, Izadpanah R, Kumar SA, Gautam S, Bender SB, Siebenlist U, Chandrasekar B. Minocycline reverses IL-17A/TRAF3IP2-mediated p38 MAPK/NF-κB/iNOS/NO-dependent cardiomyocyte contractile depression and death. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109690. [PMID: 32553549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline, an FDA-approved second-generation semisynthetic tetracycline, exerts antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, independent of its antimicrobial properties. Interleukin (IL)-17A is an immune and inflammatory mediator, and its sustained induction is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Here we investigated (i) whether IL-17A induces cardiomyocyte contractile depression and death, (ii) whether minocycline reverses IL-17A's negative inotropic effects and (iii) investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Indeed, treatment with recombinant mouse IL-17A impaired adult cardiomyocyte contractility as evidenced by a 34% inhibition in maximal velocity of shortening and relengthening after 4 h (P < .01). Contractile depression followed iNOS induction at 2 h (2.13-fold, P < .01) and NO generation at 3 h (3.71-fold, P <.01). Further mechanistic investigations revealed that IL-17A-dependent induction of iNOS occurred via TRAF3IP2, TRAF6, TAK1, NF-κB, and p38MAPK signaling. 1400 W, a highly specific iNOS inhibitor, suppressed IL-17A-induced NO generation and contractile depression, where as the NO donors SNAP and PAPA-NONOate both suppressed cardiomyocyte contractility. IL-17A also stimulated cardiomyocyte IL-1β and TNF-α secretion, however, their neutralization failed to modulate IL-17A-mediated contractile depression or viability. Further increases of IL-17A concentration and the duration of exposure enhanced IL-1β and TNF-α secreted levels, buthad no impact on adult cardiomyocyte viability. However, when combined with pathophysiological concentrations of IL-1β or TNF-α, IL-17A promoted adult cardiomyocyte death. Importantly, minocycline blunted IL-17A-mediated deleterious effects, indicating its therapeutic potential in inflammatory cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshida
- Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Reza Izadpanah
- Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Senthil A Kumar
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sandeep Gautam
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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15
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Hendricks K, Parrado MG, Bradley J. Opinion: An Existing Drug to Assess In Vivo for Potential Adjunctive Therapy of Ebola Virus Disease and Post-Ebola Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1691. [PMID: 32082173 PMCID: PMC7002323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Bradley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
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16
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Deshpande D, Pasipanodya JG, Srivastava S, Martin KR, Athale S, van Zyl J, Antiabong J, Koeuth T, Lee PS, Dheda K, Gumbo T. Minocycline Immunomodulates via Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Apoptosis and Has Direct Potency Against Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:975-985. [PMID: 30597040 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis represents a global emergency, requiring new drugs. We found that minocycline was highly potent in laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that 30 drug-susceptible and multidrug/extensively drug-resistant clinical strains were susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations. In the hollow fiber system model, lung concentration-time profiles of 7 mg/kg/day human-equivalent minocycline dose achieved bacterial kill rates equivalent to those of first-line antituberculosis agents. Minocycline killed extracellular bacilli directly. Minocycline also killed intracellular bacilli indirectly, via concentration-dependent granzyme A-driven apoptosis. Moreover, minocycline demonstrated dose-dependent antiinflammatory activity and downregulation of extracellular matrix-based remodeling pathways and, thus, could protect patients from tuberculosis immunopathology. In RNA sequencing of repetitive samples from the hollow fiber system and in independent protein abundance experiments, minocycline demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of sonic hedgehog-patched-gli signaling. These findings have implications for improved lung remodeling and for dual immunomodulation and direct microbial kill-based treatment shortening regimens for drug-susceptible and drug-resistant latent and active M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Deshpande
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jotam G Pasipanodya
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shashikant Srivastava
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Katherine R Martin
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shruti Athale
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Johanna van Zyl
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - John Antiabong
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thearith Koeuth
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pooi S Lee
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Pulmonology, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, South Africa
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17
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Naderi Y, Panahi Y, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Neuroprotective effects of minocycline on focal cerebral ischemia injury: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:773-782. [PMID: 31719236 PMCID: PMC6990777 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To review the neuroprotective effects of minocycline in focal cerebral ischemia in animal models. By searching in the databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Studies were included if focal cerebral ischemia model was performed in mammals and including a control group that has been compared with a minocycline group. Written in languages other than English; duplicate data; in vitro studies and combination of minocycline with other neuroprotective agents were excluded. Neurological function of patients was assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and modified Barthel Index. Neuroprotective effects were assessed by detecting the expression of inflammatory cytokines. We examined 35 papers concerning the protective effects of minocycline in focal cerebral ischemia in animal models and 6 clinical trials which had evaluated the neuroprotective effects of minocycline in ischemic stroke. These studies revealed that minocycline increases the viability of neurons and decreases the infarct volume following cerebral ischemia. The mechanisms that were reported in these studies included anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as anti-apoptotic effects. Minocycline also increases the neuronal regeneration following cerebral ischemia. Minocycline has considerable neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damages. However, larger clinical trials may be required before using minocycline as a neuroprotective drug in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Naderi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Weiler J, Dittmar T. Minocycline impairs TNF-α-induced cell fusion of M13SV1-Cre cells with MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cells by suppressing NF-κB transcriptional activity and its induction of target-gene expression of fusion-relevant factors. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:71. [PMID: 31266502 PMCID: PMC6604204 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, several studies have confirmed that driving forces of the inflammatory tumour microenvironment trigger spontaneous cancer cell fusion. However, less is known about the underlying factors and mechanisms that facilitate inflammation-induced cell fusion of a cancer cell with a normal cell. Recently, we demonstrated that minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, successfully inhibited the TNF-α-induced fusion of MDA-MB-435 cancer cells with M13SV1 breast epithelial cells. Here, we investigated how minocycline interferes with the TNF-α induced signal transduction pathway. Methods A Cre-LoxP recombination system was used to quantify the fusion of MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cancer cells and M13SV1-Cre breast epithelial cells. The impact of minocycline on the TNF-α signalling pathway was determined by western blotting. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was characterised by immunocytochemistry, western blot and ChIP analyses. An NF-κB-luciferase reporter assay was indicative of NF-κB activity. Results Minocycline treatment successfully inhibited the TNFR1-TRAF2 interaction in both cell types, while minocycline abrogated the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB-p65 to suppress nuclear NF-κB and its promotor activity only in M13SV1-Cre cells, which attenuated the expression of MMP9 and ICAM1. In MDA-MB-435-pFDR1 cells, minocycline increased the activity of NF-κB, leading to greater nuclear accumulation of NF-κB-p65, thus increasing promoter activity to stimulate the expression of ICAM1. Even though TNF-α also activated all MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK), minocycline differentially affected these kinases to either inhibit or stimulate their activation. Moreover, SRC activation was analysed as an upstream activator of MAPKs, but no activation by TNF-α was revealed. The addition of several specific inhibitors that block the activation of SRC, MAPKs, AP-1 and NF-κB confirmed that only NF-κB inhibition was successful in inhibiting the TNF-α-induced cell fusion process. Conclusion Minocycline is a potent inhibitor in the TNF-α-induced cell fusion process by targeting the NF-κB pathway. Thus, minocycline prevented NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation to abolish the target-gene expression of MMP9 and ICAM1 in M13SV1-Cre cells, resulting in reduced cell fusion frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Weiler
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany.
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19
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Taglialatela G, Hussain T, Dong H, Sabir N, Mangi MH, Wu W, Lai M, Zhang X, Duan Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Yang L. Combinatory FK506 and Minocycline Treatment Alleviates Prion-Induced Neurodegenerative Events via Caspase-Mediated MAPK-NRF2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1144. [PMID: 30845718 PMCID: PMC6429086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a significant role during the symptomatic onset and progression of prion diseases. We previously showed the immunomodulatory and nuclear factor of activated T cells' (NFAT) suppressive effects of an immunosuppressant, FK506, in the symptomatic stage and an antibiotic, minocycline, in the pre-symptomatic stage of prion infection in hamsters. Here we used for the first time, a combinatory FK506+minocycline treatment to test its transcriptional modulating effects in the symptomatic stage of prion infection. Our results indicate that prolonged treatment with FK506+minocycline was effective in alleviating astrogliosis and neuronal death triggered by misfolded prions. Specifically, the combinatory therapy with FK506+minocycline lowered the expression of the astrocytes activation marker GFAP and of the microglial activation marker IBA-1, subsequently reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-27. We further found that FK506+minocycline treatment inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 phosphorylation, NF-kB nuclear translocation, caspase expression, and enhanced phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and phosphorylated Bcl2-associated death promoter (pBAD) levels to reduce cognitive impairment and apoptosis. Interestingly, FK506+minocycline reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and promoted nuclear factor⁻erythroid2-related factor-2 (NRF2)-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway to enhance survival. Taken together, our results show that a therapeutic cocktail of FK506+minocycline is an attractive candidate for prolonged use in prion diseases and we encourage its further clinical development as a possible treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, TX 77555-1044, USA.
| | - Tariq Hussain
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haodi Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Naveed Sabir
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mengyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuhan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Grace PM, Wang X, Strand KA, Baratta MV, Zhang Y, Galer EL, Yin H, Maier SF, Watkins LR. DREADDed microglia in pain: Implications for spinal inflammatory signaling in male rats. Exp Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29530713 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The absence of selective pharmacological tools is a major barrier to the in vivo study of microglia. To address this issue, we developed a Gq- and Gi-coupled Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug (DREADD) to enable selective stimulation or inhibition of microglia, respectively. DREADDs under a CD68 (microglia/macrophage) promoter were intrathecally transfected via an AAV9 vector. Naïve male rats intrathecally transfected with Gq (stimulatory) DREADDs exhibited significant allodynia following intrathecal administration of the DREADD-selective ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), which was abolished by intrathecal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Chronic constriction injury-induced allodynia was attenuated by intrathecal CNO in male rats intrathecally transfected with Gi (inhibitory) DREADDs. To explore mechanisms, BV2 cells were stably transfected with Gq or Gi DREADDs in vitro. CNO treatment induced pro-inflammatory mediator production per se from cells expressing Gq-DREADDs, and inhibited lipopolysaccharide- and CCL2-induced inflammatory signaling from cells expressing Gi-DREADDs. These studies are the first to manipulate microglia function using DREADDs, which allow the role of glia in pain to be conclusively demonstrated, unconfounded by neuronal off-target effects that exist for all other drugs that also inhibit glia. Hence, these studies are the first to conclusively demonstrate that in vivo stimulation of resident spinal microglia in intact spinal cord is a) sufficient for allodynia, and b) necessary for allodynia induced by peripheral nerve injury. DREADDs are a unique tool to selectively explore the physiological and pathological role of microglia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Keith A Strand
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael V Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yingning Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Erika L Galer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Taglialatela G, Khan SH, Hussain T, Dong H, Lai M, Zhou X, Yang L. Early Minocycline and Late FK506 Treatment Improves Survival and Alleviates Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Behavioral Deficits in Prion-Infected Hamsters. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:463-483. [PMID: 28083805 PMCID: PMC5398981 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by initial reactive gliosis followed by overt neuronal death. Gliosis is likely to be caused initially by the deposition of misfolded, proteinase K-resistant, isoforms (termed PrPSc) of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) in the brain. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by PrPSc-activated glia and stressed neurons may also contribute directly or indirectly to the disease development by enhancing gliosis and inducing neurotoxicity. Recent studies have illustrated that early neuroinflammation activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in the calcineurin signaling cascade, resulting in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) to promote apoptosis. Hence, useful therapeutic approaches to slow down the course of prion disease development should control early inflammatory responses to suppress NFAT signaling. Here we used a hamster model of prion diseases to test, for the first time, the neuroprotective and NFAT-suppressive effect of a second-generation semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, minocycline, versus a calcineurin inhibitor, FK506, with known NFAT suppressive activity. Our results indicate that prolonged treatment with minocycline, starting from the presymptomatic stage of prion disease was more effective than FK506 given either during the presymptomatic or symptomatic stage of prion disease. Specifically, minocycline treatment reduced the expression of the astrocyte activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and of the microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, subsequently reducing the level of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. We further found that minocycline and FK506 treatment inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in a caspase-dependent manner, and enhanced phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein and phosphorylated Bcl2-associated death promoter levels to reduce cognitive impairment and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that minocycline is a better choice for prolonged use in prion diseases and encourage its further clinical development as a possible treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-1044, USA
| | - Sher Hayat Khan
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haodi Dong
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Lai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Becker E, Bengs S, Aluri S, Opitz L, Atrott K, Stanzel C, Castro PAR, Rogler G, Frey-Wagner I. Doxycycline, metronidazole and isotretinoin: Do they modify microRNA/mRNA expression profiles and function in murine T-cells? Sci Rep 2016; 6:37082. [PMID: 27853192 PMCID: PMC5113073 DOI: 10.1038/srep37082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may develop due to an inflammatory response to commensal gut microbiota triggered by environmental factors in a genetically susceptible host. Isotretinoin (acne therapy) has been inconsistently associated with IBD onset and flares but prior treatment with antibiotics, also associated with IBD development, complicates the confirmation of this association. Here we studied in mice whether doxycycline, metronidazole or isotretinoin induce epigenetic modifications, and consequently change T-cell mRNA expression and/or function directly after treatment and after a 4 week recovery period. Isotretinoin induced IL-10 signaling in Tregs and naive T-cells directly after treatment and reduced effector T-cell proliferation alone and in co-culture with Tregs. Metronidazole activated processes associated with anti-inflammatory pathways in both T-cell subsets directly after the treatment period whereas doxycycline induced an immediate pro-inflammatory expression profile that resolved after the recovery period. Long-term changes indicated an inhibition of proliferation by doxycycline and induction of beneficial immune and metabolic pathways by metronidazole. Persistent alterations in microRNA and mRNA expression profiles after the recovery period indicate that all three medications may induce long-term epigenetic modifications in both T-cell subsets. Yet, our data do not support the induction of a long-term pro-inflammatory phenotype in murine Tregs and naive T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sirisha Aluri
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stanzel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz Castro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: a novel inhibitory effect of minocycline. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:157-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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rRNA Binding Sites and the Molecular Mechanism of Action of the Tetracyclines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4433-41. [PMID: 27246781 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00594-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetracycline antibiotics are known to be effective in the treatment of both infectious and noninfectious disease conditions. The 16S rRNA binding mechanism currently held for the antibacterial action of the tetracyclines does not explain their activity against viruses, protozoa that lack mitochondria, and noninfectious conditions. Also, the mechanism by which the tetracyclines selectively inhibit microbial protein synthesis against host eukaryotic protein synthesis despite conservation of ribosome structure and functions is still questionable. Many studies have investigated the binding of the tetracyclines to the 16S rRNA using the small ribosomal subunit of different bacterial species, but there seems to be no agreement between various reports on the exact binding site on the 16S rRNA. The wide range of activity of the tetracyclines against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens, viruses, protozoa, and helminths, as well as noninfectious conditions, indicates a more generalized effect on RNA. In the light of recent evidence that the tetracyclines bind to various synthetic double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of random base sequences, suggesting that the double-stranded structures may play a more important role in the binding of the tetracyclines to RNA than the specific base pairs, as earlier speculated, it is imperative to consider possible alternative binding modes or sites that could help explain the mechanisms of action of the tetracyclines against various pathogens and disease conditions.
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25
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Central nervous system myeloid cells as drug targets: current status and translational challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 15:110-24. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xu X, Wang MM, Sun ZL, Zhou DP, Wang L, Wang FQ, Xu ZY, Ma Q. Discovery of serum proteomic biomarkers for prediction of response to moxibustion treatment in rats with collagen-induced arthritis: an exploratory analysis. Acupunct Med 2015; 34:184-93. [PMID: 26541191 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the possible impact of moxibustion on the serum proteome of the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this experiment. The CIA animal model was prepared by injection of type II bovine collagen in Freund's adjuvant on the first and seventh day. The 36 rats were randomly divided into two groups: the untreated CIA group (control), and the CIA plus treatment with moxibustion (CIA+moxi) group. Moxibustion was administered daily at ST36 and BL23 for 7, 14 or 21 days (n=12 rats each). Arthritis score was used to assess the severity of arthritis. At the end of each 7 day treatment, blood samples from the control group and the CIA+moxi group were collected. After removal of high abundance proteins from serum samples, two-dimensional gel combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight MS/MS (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) techniques were performed to examine serum protein expression patterns of the CIA rat model with and without moxibustion treatment. In addition, the relevant proteins were further analysed with the use of bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Moxibustion significantly decreased arthritis severity in the rats in the CIA+moxi group, when compared with the rats in the CIA group 35 days after the first immunisation (p=0.001). Seventeen protein spots which changed >1.33 or <0.77 at p<0.05 using Bonferonni correction for multiple testing were found to be common to all three comparisons, and these proteins were used for classification of functions using the Gene Ontology method. Consequently, with the use of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the top canonical pathways and a predicted proteomic network related to the moxibustion effect of CIA were established. CONCLUSIONS Using the proteomics technique, we have identified novel candidate proteins that may be involved in the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of moxibustion in rats with CIA. Our findings suggest that immune responses and metabolic processes may be involved in mediating the effects of moxibustion. Moreover, periodxiredoxin I (PRDX1) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) may be potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao-Miao Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Sun
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhou
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Xu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Singh M, Singh P, Vaira D, Amand M, Rahmouni S, Moutschen M. Minocycline attenuates HIV-1 infection and suppresses chronic immune activation in humanized NOD/LtsZ-scidIL-2Rγ(null) mice. Immunology 2014; 142:562-72. [PMID: 24409837 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a quarter of a century of research has established chronic immune activation and dysfunctional T cells as central features of chronic HIV infection and subsequent immunodeficiency. Consequently, the search for a new immunomodulatory therapy that could reduce immune activation and improve T-cell function has been increased. However, the lack of small animal models for in vivo HIV study has hampered progress. In the current study, we have investigated a model of cord blood haematopoietic progenitor cells (CB-HPCs) -transplanted humanized NOD/LtsZ-scidIL-2Rγ(null) mice in which progression of HIV infection is associated with widespread chronic immune activation and inflammation. Indeed, HIV infection in humanized NSG mice caused up-regulation of several T-cell immune activation markers such as CD38, HLA-DR, CD69 and co-receptor CCR5. T-cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and CTLA-4 were found to be significantly up-regulated on T cells. Moreover, increased plasmatic levels of lipopolysaccharide, sCD14 and interleukin-10 were also observed in infected mice. Treatment with minocycline resulted in a significant decrease of expression of cellular and plasma immune activation markers, inhibition of HIV replication and improved T-cell counts in HIV-infected humanized NSG mice. The study demonstrates that minocycline could be an effective, low-cost adjunctive treatment to regulate chronic immune activation and replication of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Singh
- Immunology & Infectious Diseases, CHU de Liège - Université de Liège, GIGA I3, Liège, Belgium
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Lu S, White JV, Lin WL, Zhang X, Solomides C, Evans K, Ntaoula N, Nwaneshiudu I, Gaughan J, Monos DS, Oleszak EL, Platsoucas CD. Response to comment on "aneurysmal lesions of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm contain clonally expanded T cells". THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2041. [PMID: 25128547 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - John V White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and University of Illinois School of Medicine, Park Ridge, IL 60068
| | - Wan Lu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Charalambos Solomides
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Kyle Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Nectaria Ntaoula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Ifeyinwa Nwaneshiudu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - John Gaughan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Dimitri S Monos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Emilia L Oleszak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Chris D Platsoucas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140;
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Attenuation of pathogenic immune responses during infection with human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) by the tetracycline derivative minocycline. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94375. [PMID: 24732038 PMCID: PMC3986096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV immune pathogenesis is postulated to involve two major mechanisms: 1) chronic innate immune responses that drive T cell activation and apoptosis and 2) induction of immune regulators that suppress T cell function and proliferation. Both arms are elevated chronically in lymphoid tissues of non-natural hosts, which ultimately develop AIDS. However, these mechanisms are not elevated chronically in natural hosts of SIV infection that avert immune pathogenesis despite similarly high viral loads. In this study we investigated whether minocycline could modulate these pathogenic antiviral responses in non-natural hosts of HIV and SIV. We found that minocycline attenuated in vitro induction of type I interferon (IFN) and the IFN-stimulated genes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs exposed to aldrithiol-2 inactivated HIV or infectious influenza virus. Activation-induced TRAIL and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in isolated CD4+ T cells were also reduced by minocycline. Translation of these in vitro findings to in vivo effects, however, were mixed as minocycline significantly reduced markers of activation and activation-induced cell death (CD25, Fas, caspase-3) but did not affect expression of IFNβ or the IFN-stimulated genes IDO1, FasL, or Mx in the spleens of chronically SIV-infected pigtailed macaques. TRAIL expression, reflecting the mixed effects of minocycline on activation and type I IFN stimuli, was reduced by half, but this change was not significant. These results show that minocycline administered after infection may protect against aspects of activation-induced cell death during HIV/SIV immune disease, but that in vitro effects of minocycline on type I IFN responses are not recapitulated in a rapid progressor model in vivo.
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Wang H, Kumar A, Lamont RJ, Scott DA. GSK3β and the control of infectious bacterial diseases. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22:208-17. [PMID: 24618402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) has been shown to be a crucial mediator of the intensity and direction of the innate immune system response to bacterial stimuli. This review focuses on: (i) the central role of GSK3β in the regulation of pathogen-induced inflammatory responses through the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, (ii) the extensive ongoing efforts to exploit GSK3β for its therapeutic potential in the control of infectious diseases, and (iii) the increasing evidence that specific pathogens target GSK3β-related pathways for immune evasion. A better understanding of complex bacteria-GSK3β interactions is likely to lead to more effective anti-inflammatory interventions and novel targets to circumvent pathogen colonization and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Wang
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Li CH, Liao PL, Yang YT, Huang SH, Lin CH, Cheng YW, Kang JJ. Minocycline accelerates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha degradation and inhibits hypoxia-induced neovasculogenesis through prolyl hydroxylase, von Hippel-Lindau-dependent pathway. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:659-71. [PMID: 24292262 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-mediated stress responses are important in tumor progression, especially when tumor growth causes the tumor to become deprived of its blood supply. The oxygen-labile transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in regulating hypoxia stress-related gene expression and is considered a novel therapeutic target. Lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were exposed to minocycline, followed by incubation at hypoxic condition for 3-6 h. Here, we show that minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline, can induce HIF-1α proteasomal degradation under hypoxia by increasing the expression prolyl hydroxylase-2 and HIF-1α/von Hippel-Lindau protein interaction, thereby overcoming hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilization. Neither repression of hypoxia-induced phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway nor inhibition of Hsp90 was required for minocycline-induced HIF-1α degradation. The HIF-1α degradation-enhancing effect of minocycline was evident in both cancerous and primary cells. Minocycline-pretreated, hypoxia-conditioned cells showed a clear reduction in hypoxia response element reporter expression and amelioration of vascular endothelial growth factor C/D (VEGF-C/D), matrix metalloproteinase 2, and glucose transporter 1 expression. By decreasing VEGF secretion of cancerous cells, minocycline could suppress endothelial cell neovasculogenesis. These findings suggest a novel application of minocycline in the treatment of tumor angiogenesis as well as hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hellwig S, Heinrich A, Biber K. The brain's best friend: microglial neurotoxicity revisited. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:71. [PMID: 23734099 PMCID: PMC3655268 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One long standing aspect of microglia biology was never questioned; their involvement in brain disease. Based on morphological changes (retracted processes and amoeboid shape) that inevitably occur in these cells in case of damage in the central nervous system, microglia in the diseased brain were called “activated.” Because “activated” microglia were always found in direct neighborhood to dead or dying neuron, and since it is known now for more than 20 years that cultured microglia release numerous factors that are able to kill neurons, microglia “activation” was often seen as a neurotoxic process. From an evolutionary point of view, however, it is difficult to understand why an important, mostly post-mitotic and highly vulnerable organ like the brain would host numerous potential killers. This review is aimed to critically reconsider the term microglia neurotoxicity and to discuss experimental problems around microglia biology, that often have led to the conclusion that microglia are neurotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Naura AS, Kim H, Ju J, Rodriguez PC, Jordan J, Catling AD, Rezk BM, Abd Elmageed ZY, Pyakurel K, Tarhuni AF, Abughazleh MQ, Errami Y, Zerfaoui M, Ochoa AC, Boulares AH. Minocycline blocks asthma-associated inflammation in part by interfering with the T cell receptor-nuclear factor κB-GATA-3-IL-4 axis without a prominent effect on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23184953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Minocycline protects against asthma independently of its antibiotic function and was recently reported as a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In an animal model of asthma, a single administration of minocycline conferred excellent protection against ovalbumin-induced airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and Th2 cytokine production (IL-4/IL-5/IL-12(p70)/IL-13/GM-CSF) and a partial protection against airway hyperresponsiveness. These effects correlated with pronounced reduction in lung and sera allergen-specific IgE. A reduction in poly(ADP-ribose) immunoreactivity in the lungs of minocycline-treated/ovalbumin-challenged mice correlated with decreased oxidative DNA damage. The effect of minocycline on PARP may be indirect, as the drug failed to efficiently block direct PARP activation in lungs of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine-treated mice or H(2)O(2)-treated cells. Minocycline blocked allergen-specific IgE production in B cells potentially by modulating T cell receptor (TCR)-linked IL-4 production at the mRNA level but not through a modulation of the IL-4-JAK-STAT-6 axis, IL-2 production, or NFAT1 activation. Restoration of IL-4, ex vivo, rescued IgE production by minocycline-treated/ovalbumin-stimulated B cells. IL-4 blockade correlated with a preferential inhibition of the NF-κB activation arm of TCR but not GSK3, Src, p38 MAPK, or ERK1/2. Interestingly, the drug promoted a slightly higher Src and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of NF-κB was linked to a complete blockade of TCR-stimulated GATA-3 expression, a pivotal transcription factor for IL-4 expression. Minocycline also reduced TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation and expression of dependent genes. These results show a potentially broad effect of minocycline but that it may block IgE production in part by modulating TCR function, particularly by inhibiting the signaling pathway, leading to NF-κB activation, GATA-3 expression, and subsequent IL-4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit S Naura
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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What is behind the non-antibiotic properties of minocycline? Pharmacol Res 2012; 67:18-30. [PMID: 23085382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is a second-generation, semi-synthetic tetracycline that has been in use in therapy for over 30 years for its antibiotic properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It displays antibiotic activity due to its ability to bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and thus inhibit protein synthesis. More recently, it has been described to exert a variety of biological actions beyond its antimicrobial activity, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, inhibition of proteolysis, as well as suppression of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, which have been confirmed in different experimental models of non-infectious diseases. There are also many studies that have focused on the mechanisms involved in these non-antibiotic properties of minocycline, including anti-oxidant activity, inhibition of several enzyme activities, inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of immune cell activation and proliferation. This review summarizes the current findings in this topic, mainly focusing on the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of minocycline.
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Goyal A, Poluzzi C, Willis CD, Smythies J, Shellard A, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin affects angiogenesis by antagonizing diverse vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-evoked signaling pathways: transcriptional repression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and VEGFA and concurrent inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1) activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43543-56. [PMID: 23060442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the angiostatic C-terminal domain of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, inhibits angiogenesis by simultaneously binding to the α2β1 integrin and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells. This interaction triggers the down-regulation of both receptors and the concurrent activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which leads to a signaling cascade resulting in angiostasis. Here, we provide evidence that endorepellin is capable of attenuating both the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/mTOR and the PKC/JNK/AP1 pathways. We show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional activity induced by VEGFA was inhibited by endorepellin independent of oxygen concentration and that only a combination of both PI3K and calcineurin inhibitors completely blocked the suppressive activity evoked by endorepellin on HIF1A and VEGFA promoter activity. Moreover, endorepellin inhibited the PKC/JNK/AP1 axis induced by the recruitment of phospholipase γ and attenuated the VEGFA-induced activation of NFAT1, a process dependent on calcineurin activity. Finally, endorepellin inhibited VEGFA-evoked nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and promoted NFAT1 stability. Thus, we provide evidence for a novel downstream signaling axis for an angiostatic fragment and for the key components involved in the dual antagonistic activity of endorepellin, highlighting its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Bhavsar SK, Merches K, Bobbala D, Lang F. AKT/SGK-sensitive phosphorylation of GSK3 in the regulation of L-selectin and perforin expression as well as activation induced cell death of T-lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:6-12. [PMID: 22814108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Survival and function of T-lymphocytes critically depends on phosphoinositide (PI) 3 kinase. PI3 kinase signaling includes the PKB/Akt and SGK dependent phosphorylation and thus inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase GSK3α,β. Lithium, a known unspecific GSK3 inhibitor protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The present study explored, whether Akt/SGK-dependent regulation of GSK3 activity is a determinant of T cell survival and function. Experiments were performed in mutant mice in which Akt/SGK-dependent GSK3α,β inhibition was disrupted by replacement of the serine residue in the respective SGK/Akt-phosphorylation consensus sequence by alanine (gsk3(KI)). T cells from gsk3(KI) mice were compared to T cells from corresponding wild type mice (gsk3(WT)). As a result, in gsk3(KI) CD4(+) cells surface CD62L (L-selectin) was significantly less abundant than in gsk3(WT) CD4(+) cells. Upon activation in vitro T cells from gsk3(KI) mice reacted with enhanced perforin production and reduced activation induced cell death. Cytokine production was rather reduced in gsk3(KI) T cells, suggesting that GSK3 induces effector function in CD8(+) T cells. In conclusion, PKB/Akt and SGK sensitive phosphorylation of GSK3α,β is a potent regulator of perforin expression and activation induced cell death in T lymphocytes.
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Bastos LFS, de Oliveira ACP, Watkins LR, Moraes MFD, Coelho MM. Tetracyclines and pain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:225-41. [PMID: 22282331 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are natural or semi-synthetic bacteriostatic agents which have been used since late 1940s against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and atypical organisms such as chlamydia, mycoplasmas, rickettsia, and protozoan parasites. After the discovery of the first tetracyclines, a second generation of compounds was sought in order to improve water solubility for parenteral administration or to enhance bioavailability after oral administration. This approach resulted in the development of doxycycline and minocycline in the 1970s. Doxycycline was included in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines either as antibacterial or to prevent malaria or to treat patients with this disease. Additional development led to the third generation of tetracyclines, being tigecycline the only medicine of this class to date. Besides antibacterial activities, the anti-inflammatory, antihypernociceptive and neuroprotective activities of tetracyclines began to be widely studied in the late 1990s. Indeed, there has been an increasing interest in investigating the effects induced by minocycline as this liposoluble derivative is known to cross the blood-brain barrier to the greatest extent. Minocycline induces antihypernociceptive effects in a wide range of animal models of nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In this study, we discuss the antihypernociceptive activity of tetracyclines and summarise its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F S Bastos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Bloco A4, Sala 168, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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