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Loubane G, Robert G, Firdaus SB, Venne P, Comeau C, Boudreault PL, Komba JE, Wagner JR, Naylor S, Klarskov K. Conundrum of dehydroascorbic acid and homocysteine thiolactone reaction products: Structural characterization and effect on peptide and protein N-homocysteinylation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:111-124. [PMID: 37385568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
An excessive blood level of homocysteine (HcySH) is associated with numerous cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease conditions. It has been suggested that direct S-homocysteinylation, of proteins by HcySH, or N-homosteinylation by homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) could play a causative role in these maladies. In contrast, ascorbic acid (AA) plays a significant role in oxidative stress prevention. AA is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and if not rapidly reduced back to AA may degrade to reactive carbonyl products. In the present work, DHA is shown to react with HTL to produce a spiro bicyclic ring containing a six-membered thiazinane-carboxylic acid moiety. This reaction product is likely formed by initial imine condensation and subsequent hemiaminal product followed by HTL ring opening and intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the resulting thiol anion to form the spiro product. The reaction product was determined to have an accurate mass of 291.0414 and a molecular composition C10H13NO7S containing five double bond equivalents. We structurally characterized the reaction product using a combination of accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance. We also demonstrated that formation of the reaction product prevented peptide and protein N-homocysteinylation by HTL using a model peptide and α-lactalbumin. Furthermore, the reaction product is formed in Jurkat cells when exposed to HTL and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Loubane
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Gabriel Robert
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Syed Benazir Firdaus
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Philippe Venne
- Département de Chimie, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Christian Comeau
- Département de Chimie, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | | | - Jeampy E Komba
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Stephen Naylor
- ReNeuroGen LLC, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA
| | - Klaus Klarskov
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 2160 San Fernando Drive, Milwaukee, WI, 53122, USA.
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2
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Zhang KR, Jankowski CSR, Marshall R, Nair R, Más Gómez N, Alnemri A, Liu Y, Erler E, Ferrante J, Song Y, Bell BA, Baumann BH, Sterling J, Anderson B, Foshe S, Roof J, Fazelinia H, Spruce LA, Chuang JZ, Sung CH, Dhingra A, Boesze-Battaglia K, Chavali VRM, Rabinowitz JD, Mitchell CH, Dunaief JL. Oxidative stress induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and ceramide accumulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050066. [PMID: 37401371 PMCID: PMC10399446 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in older adults, with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells playing a key role. To better understand the cytotoxic mechanisms underlying oxidative stress, we used cell culture and mouse models of iron overload, as iron can catalyze reactive oxygen species formation in the RPE. Iron-loading of cultured induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells increased lysosomal abundance, impaired proteolysis and reduced the activity of a subset of lysosomal enzymes, including lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1). In a liver-specific Hepc (Hamp) knockout murine model of systemic iron overload, RPE cells accumulated lipid peroxidation adducts and lysosomes, developed progressive hypertrophy and underwent cell death. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses revealed accumulation of lysosomal proteins, ceramide biosynthetic enzymes and ceramides. The proteolytic enzyme cathepsin D (CTSD) had impaired maturation. A large proportion of lysosomes were galectin-3 (Lgals3) positive, suggesting cytotoxic lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Collectively, these results demonstrate that iron overload induces lysosomal accumulation and impairs lysosomal function, likely due to iron-induced lipid peroxides that can inhibit lysosomal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connor S. R. Jankowski
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rayna Marshall
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rohini Nair
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Néstor Más Gómez
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahab Alnemri
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yingrui Liu
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Erler
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia Ferrante
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Song
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brent A. Bell
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bailey H. Baumann
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob Sterling
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon Anderson
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sierra Foshe
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- CHOP-PENN Proteomics Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- CHOP-PENN Proteomics Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynn A. Spruce
- CHOP-PENN Proteomics Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkata R. M. Chavali
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Claire H. Mitchell
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua L. Dunaief
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Kietzmann T. Vitamin C: From nutrition to oxygen sensing and epigenetics. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102753. [PMID: 37263060 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is unbeatable - at least when it comes to sales. Of all the vitamin preparations, those containing vitamin C sell best. This is surprising because vitamin C deficiency is extremely rare. Nevertheless, there is still controversy about whether the additional intake of vitamin C supplements is essential for our health. In this context, the possible additional benefit is in most cases merely reduced to the known effect as an antioxidant. However, new findings in recent years on the mechanisms of oxygen-sensing and epigenetic control underpin the multifaceted role of vitamin C in a biological context and have therefore renewed interest in it. In the present article, therefore, known facts are linked to these new key data. In addition, available clinical data on vitamin C use of cancer therapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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4
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Mastronikolis S, Kagkelaris K, Pagkalou M, Tsiambas E, Plotas P, Georgakopoulos CD. Antioxidant Defense and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: An Updated Review. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10040068. [PMID: 36548003 PMCID: PMC9785126 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) affects the anterior ocular tissues, rendering them susceptible to several eye diseases. On the other hand, protection of the eye from harmful factors is achieved by unique defense mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could be the cause of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS), a condition of defective extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. A systematic English-language literature review was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. The main antioxidant enzymes protecting the eye from reactive oxygen species (ROS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which catalyze the reduction of specific types of ROS. Similarly, non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins A, E and C, carotenoids and glutathione (GSH) are involved in removing ROS from the cells. PEXS is a genetic disease, however, environmental and dietary factors also influence its development. Additionally, many OS products disrupting the ECM remodeling process and modifying the antioxidative defense status could lead to PEXS. This review discusses the antioxidative defense of the eye in association with PEXS, and the intricate link between OS and PEXS. Understanding the pathways of PEXS evolution, and developing new methods to reduce OS, are crucial to control and treat this disease. However, further studies are required to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of PEXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Mastronikolis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Marina Pagkalou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.P.)
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5
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Ding Y, Lin T, Shen J, Wei Y, Wang C. In situ reaction-based ratiometric fluorescent assay for alkaline phosphatase activity and bioimaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121698. [PMID: 35940067 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important biomarker, it is of great significance to develop a sensitive and efficient analytical method for ALP. In this study, an in situ reaction based ratiometric fluorescence assay for ALP was proposed. l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AA2P) was used as a substrate for ALP, and Cu2+/o-phenylenediamine (OPD) were involved in this system. Cu2+ can oxidize OPD to 2,3-diaminophenazine (OPDox) with an emission centered at 566 nm. The presence of ALP can catalyze the hydrolysis of AA2P to ascorbic acid (AA), which will inhibit the production of OPDox and reduce the corresponding fluorescence intensity, and AA will react with OPD to generate 3-(dihydroxyethyl)furan[3,4-b]quinoxalin-1-one (DFQ) with an emission peak at 447 nm. The fluorescence ratio of F447/F566 has a linear relationship with ALP activity. The proposed method is highly sensitive, finely selective, cost efficiency and easy to operate, it exhibits good linearity in the range of 0.5-22 and 22-40 mU·mL-1, with a detection limit as low as 0.06 mU·mL-1. The excellent applicability of this strategy in human serum samples and MCF-7 cells imaging suggests that this method has promising prospects for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Tianxia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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6
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Argiz C, Arroyo C, Bravo A, Moragues A, Andrade C, Bolzoni F. L-Ascorbic Acid as an Efficient Green Corrosion Inhibitor of Steel Rebars in Chloride Contaminated Cement Mortar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8005. [PMID: 36431491 PMCID: PMC9693917 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of reinforcement is a major problem regarding concrete durability. In new structures the corrosion onset can be delayed if additional protection methods are provided as is the case for the addition of corrosion inhibitors in the concrete mix. The main goal of this paper is the evaluation of the effect of the ascorbic acid (AA) as a green steel corrosion inhibitor in cement mortars contaminated by chlorides. Concentration levels of ascorbic acid, ranging from 0.5 to 10-3 mol/L, were added to the mixing water. Electrochemical methods, including corrosion potential (Ecorr), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were employed to assess the corrosion rate of the steel embedded in the mortars. The corrosion inhibiting performance of ascorbic acid was compared with that of sodium nitrite. The interaction of the ascorbic acid with the hydrated cement matrix was also evaluated with differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TG) and pH measurements. The results indicated that, depending on the ascorbic acid concentration, it can be an activator of the corrosion process or an effective corrosion inhibitor in a similar manner to sodium nitrite. A corrosion rate decrease was achieved with concentrations below 10-2 mol/L and the optimum content was 10-3 mol/L. Within this concentration range, the AA does not modify the hydration performance of the cement matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Argiz
- E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 20040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Arroyo
- E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 20040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Astrid Bravo
- E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 20040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Moragues
- E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 20040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Andrade
- Centro Internacional de Métodos Numéricos en Ingeniería (CIMNE), 08034 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Yoshitake J, Shibata T, Chikazawa M, Uchida K. Autoxidation of ascorbate mediates lysine N-pyrrolation. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:749-759. [PMID: 36725333 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2174865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-pyrrolation, which converts lysine residues to Nε-pyrrole-l-lysine (pyrK), is a naturally occurring covalent modification. The pyrrolated proteins have a unique property of binding to DNA-staining agents, such as SYBR Green I (SG), and anti-DNA antibodies, suggesting a physiologically relevant modification that gives rise to DNA mimic protein. These properties of pyrrolated protein are suggested to be associated with innate and autoimmune responses. Short-chain aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation are thought to be involved in the formation of pyrK. We now report that similar lysine N-pyrrolation also occurs during the metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins with ascorbate. When human serum albumin (HSA) was incubated with Fe2+/ascorbate in the presence and absence of docosahexaenoic acid, the protein was converted to SG-binding proteins even without the polyunsaturated fatty acid. The formation of SG-binding proteins by Fe2+/ascorbate was accompanied by the formation of pyrK, which was also detected in ascorbate-treated hemoglobin. Moreover, the metal-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbate produced the pyrrolation factors, glycolaldehyde and glyoxal. These results and the observations that sera from autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr mice recognized modified proteins with Fe2+/ascorbate and with glycolaldehyde/glyoxal suggest that the autoxidation of ascorbate, as well as lipid peroxidation, can be a source of autoantigenic N-pyrrolated proteins. Our findings revealed a possible function of ascorbate as an endogenous source of pyrrolated proteins and suggested that the pyrK residues generated in proteins may play a role in the innate and autoimmune responses associated with the oxidative metabolism of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshitake
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Fath MK, Naderi M, Hamzavi H, Ganji M, Shabani S, Ghahroodi FN, Khalesi B, Pourzardosht N, Hashemi ZS, Khalili S. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of different vitamins and minerals in COVID-19 patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127044. [PMID: 35901669 PMCID: PMC9297660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease, which has caught the world by surprise. Millions of people suffer from illness, and the mortality rates are dramatically high. Currently, there is no specific and immediate treatment for this disease. Remedies are limited to supportive regiments and few antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. The lack of a definite cure for COVID-19 is the reason behind its high mortality and global prevalence. COVID-19 can lead to a critical illness with severe respiratory distress and cytokine release. Increased oxidative stress and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines are vital components of severe COVID-19. Micronutrients, metalloids, and vitamins such as iron, manganese, selenium, Zinc, Copper, vitamin A, B family, and C are among the essential and trace elements that play a pivotal role in human nutrition and health. They participate in metabolic processes that lead to energy production. In addition, they support immune functions and act as antioxidants. Therefore, maintaining an optimal level of micronutrients intake, particularly those with antioxidant activities, is essential to fight against oxidative stress, modulate inflammation, and boost the immune system. Therefore, these factors could play a crucial role in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. In this review, we aimed to summarize antiviral properties of different vitamins and minerals. Moreover, we will investigate the correlation between them and their effects in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Naderi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hosna Hamzavi
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Noorabad Ghahroodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran. Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Cruz N, Flores M, Urquiaga I, Ávila F. Modulation of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Postprandial Responses Mediated by Food Bioactive Components and Mediterranean Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1513. [PMID: 36009232 PMCID: PMC9405221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoxidative stress with the consequent generation of advanced glycation end products has been implied in the etiology of numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. During the postprandial state, the levels of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds can increase, depending on numerous factors, including characteristics of the subjects mainly related to glucose metabolism disorders and nutritional status, as well as properties related to the chemical composition of meals, including macronutrient composition and the presence of dietary bioactive molecules and macromolecules. In this review, we examine the chemical, biochemical, and physiological pathways that contribute to postprandial generation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. The modulation of postprandial 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds is discussed in terms of biochemical pathways regulating the levels of these compounds, as well as the effect of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean and Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cruz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Inés Urquiaga
- Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Felipe Ávila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
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10
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Ameliorative effect of pioglitazone on glucose induced glycation of α-crystallin: Management of complications associated with diabetic retinopathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:107-116. [PMID: 35378163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The glycation and aggregation of lens proteins significantly contribute to the onset of diabetic cataracts as well as the retinopathy. The glycation exerts numerous alterations in the tertiary structural of proteins. Moreover, the covalent crosslinking of lens crystallins also contribute to the cataract formation. In this article, the effect of pioglitazone on glucose induced glycation and aggregation α-crystallin was examined. A remarkable inhibition of early glycation products (~80%) and advanced glycation products (~75%) was recorded by the treatment of pioglitazone. There was >75% recovery in biochemical marker (carbonyl content). The presence of 150 μM of pioglitazone reduced the free lysine modifications to 35%. Treatment of pioglitazone also protected the secondary structural alterations induced by glycation and inhibited the formation of protein aggregates. The interaction studies showed that pioglitazone interacted with α-crystallin via moderate binding affinity. The interaction between pioglitazone interacted and α-crystallin was energetically and entropically favourable. The complex of pioglitazone with studied protein stable in which RMSF, Rg, SASA, RMSD, and the secondary structural components was not affected. The findings show antiglycation activity of pioglitazone along with its mechanism of action highlighting the ability of drug to be possibly developed novel as glycation inhibitor.
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11
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Effect of Alternative Preservation Steps and Storage on Vitamin C Stability in Fruit and Vegetable Products: Critical Review and Kinetic Modelling Approaches. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112630. [PMID: 34828909 PMCID: PMC8619176 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, a water-soluble compound, is a natural antioxidant in many plant-based products, possessing important nutritional benefits for human health. During fruit and vegetable processing, this bioactive compound is prone to various modes of degradation, with temperature and oxygen being recognised as the main factors responsible for this nutritional loss. Consequently, Vitamin C is frequently used as an index of the overall quality deterioration of such products during processing and post-processing storage and handling. Traditional preservation methods, such as thermal processing, drying and freezing, are often linked to a substantial Vitamin C loss. As an alternative, novel techniques or a combination of various preservation steps ("hurdles") have been extensively investigated in the recent literature aiming at maximising Vitamin C retention throughout the whole product lifecycle, from farm to fork. In such an integrated approach, it is important to separately study the effect of each preservation step and mathematically describe the impact of the prevailing factors on Vitamin C stability, so as to be able to optimise the processing/storage phase. In this context, alternative mathematical approaches have been applied, including more sophisticated ones that incorporate parameter uncertainties, with the ultimate goal of providing more realistic predictions.
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12
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Microelectrode Sensor for Real-Time Measurements of Nitrite in the Living Brain, in the Presence of Ascorbate. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080277. [PMID: 34436079 PMCID: PMC8394717 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impaired blood flow to the brain causes a decrease in the supply of oxygen that can result in cerebral ischemia; if the blood flow is not restored quickly, neuronal injury or death will occur. Under hypoxic conditions, the production of nitric oxide (●NO), via the classical L-arginine–●NO synthase pathway, is reduced, which can compromise ●NO-dependent vasodilation. However, the alternative nitrite (NO2−) reduction to ●NO, under neuronal hypoxia and ischemia conditions, has been viewed as an in vivo storage pool of ●NO, complementing its enzymatic synthesis. Brain research is thus demanding suitable tools to probe nitrite’s temporal and spatial dynamics in vivo. In this work, we propose a new method for the real-time measurement of nitrite concentration in the brain extracellular space, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and carbon microfiber electrodes as sensing probes. In this way, nitrite was detected anodically and in vitro, in the 5–500 µM range, in the presence of increasing physiological concentrations of ascorbate (100–500 µM). These sensors were then tested for real-time and in vivo recordings in the anesthetized rat hippocampus; using fast electrochemical techniques, local and reproducible transients of nitrite oxidation signals were observed, upon pressure ejection of an exogenous nitrite solution into the brain tissue. Nitrite microsensors are thus a valuable tool for investigating the role of this inorganic anion in brain redox signaling.
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Fan X, Monnier VM. Protein posttranslational modification (PTM) by glycation: Role in lens aging and age-related cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108705. [PMID: 34297945 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystallins, the most prevalent lens proteins, have no turnover throughout the entire human lifespan. These long-lived proteins are susceptible to post-synthetic modifications, including oxidation and glycation, which are believed to be some of the primary mechanisms for age-related cataractogenesis. Thanks to high glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA) levels as well as low oxygen content, the human lens is able to maintain its transparency for several decades. Aging accumulates substantial changes in the human lens, including a decreased glutathione concentration, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, impaired antioxidative defense capacity, and increased redox-active metal ions, which induce glucose and ascorbic acid degradation and protein glycation. The glycated lens crystallins are either prone to UVA mediated free radical production or they attract metal ion binding, which can trigger additional protein oxidation and modification. This vicious cycle is expected to be exacerbated with older age or diabetic conditions. ASA serves as an antioxidant in the human lens under reducing conditions to protect the human lens from damage, but ASA converts to the pro-oxidative role and causes lens protein damage by ascorbylation in high oxidation or enriched redox-active metal ion conditions. This review is dedicated in honor of Dr. Frank Giblin, a great friend and superb scientist, whose pioneering and relentless work over the past 45 years has provided critical insight into lens redox regulation and glutathione homeostasis during aging and cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Fan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Vincent M Monnier
- Department of Pathology, United States; Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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CUPRAC-Reactive Advanced Glycation End Products as Prognostic Markers of Human Acute Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030434. [PMID: 33799852 PMCID: PMC7999086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders, especially acute coronary syndromes, are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with cardiovascular disease and serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction. In this study, we investigated the utility of AGEs as prognostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We measured AGEs in serum samples of AMI patients (N = 27) using the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method on days 0, 2, 14, 30, and 90 after AMI, and the correlation of serum AGE concentration and post-AMI duration was determined using Spearman's correlation analysis. Compared to total serum protein, the level of CUPRAC reactive AGEs was increased from 0.9 to 2.1 times between 0-90 days after AMI incident. Furthermore, the glycation pattern and Spearman's correlation analysis revealed four dominant patterns of AGE concentration changes in AMI patients: stable AGE levels (straight line with no peak), continuous increase, single peak pattern, and multimodal pattern (two or more peaks). In conclusion, CUPRAC-reactive AGEs can be developed as a potential prognostic biomarker for AMI through long-term clinical studies.
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15
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Two Faces of Vitamin C in Hemodialysis Patients: Relation to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030791. [PMID: 33673687 PMCID: PMC7997461 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common method of renal replacement therapy. Besides toxins, it eliminates nutrients from the circulation, such as ascorbic acid (AA). HD-patients present AA deficiency more often than representatives of the general population, also due to dietary restrictions. This condition aggravates oxidative stress and inflammation related to uremia and extracorporeal circulation and increases cardiovascular risk followed by mortality. Supplementation of AA seems to be a promising approach in the treatment of hemodialysis patients. Many successful interventions restored plasma AA concentration in HD patients by enteral or intravenous supplementation, concomitantly inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. A significant number of studies reported opposite, serious pro-oxidant effects of AA. In this narrative review, we present studies, commenting on their limitations; on AA plasma or serum concentration and the influence of its supplementation on protein and lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species generation, paraoxonase activity, advanced glycation endproducts, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Moreover, in terms of safety, the possible development of oxalosis in HD patients regarding the intravenous or enteral route of AA administration is discussed. Unequivocal clinical results of recent studies on hemodialysis patients are displayed.
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16
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Glycation-mediated protein crosslinking and stiffening in mouse lenses are inhibited by carboxitin in vitro. Glycoconj J 2020; 38:347-359. [PMID: 33245448 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteins in the eye lens have negligible turnover and therefore progressively accumulate chemical modifications during aging. Carbonyls and oxidative stresses, which are intricately linked to one another, predominantly drive such modifications. Oxidative stress leads to the loss of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate degradation; this in turn leads to the formation of highly reactive dicarbonyl compounds that react with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The formation of AGEs leads to the crosslinking and aggregation of proteins contributing to lens aging and cataract formation. To inhibit AGE formation, we developed a disulfide compound linking GSH diester and mercaptoethylguanidine, and we named it carboxitin. Bovine lens organ cultured with carboxitin showed higher levels of GSH and mercaptoethylguanidine in the lens nucleus. Carboxitin inhibited erythrulose-mediated mouse lens protein crosslinking, AGE formation and the formation of 3-deoxythreosone, a major ascorbate-derived AGE precursor in the human lens. Carboxitin inhibited the glycation-mediated increase in stiffness in organ-cultured mouse lenses measured using compressive mechanical strain. Delivery of carboxitin into the lens increases GSH levels, traps dicarbonyl compounds and inhibits AGE formation. These properties of carboxitin could be exploited to develop a therapy against the formation of AGEs and the increase in stiffness that causes presbyopia in aging lenses.
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17
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Nandi SK, Nahomi RB, Rankenberg J, Glomb MA, Nagaraj RH. Glycation-mediated inter-protein cross-linking is promoted by chaperone-client complexes of α-crystallin: Implications for lens aging and presbyopia. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5701-5716. [PMID: 32184356 PMCID: PMC7186181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lens proteins become increasingly cross-linked through nondisulfide linkages during aging and cataract formation. One mechanism that has been implicated in this cross-linking is glycation through formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Here, we found an age-associated increase in stiffness in human lenses that was directly correlated with levels of protein-cross-linking AGEs. α-Crystallin in the lens binds to other proteins and prevents their denaturation and aggregation through its chaperone-like activity. Using a FRET-based assay, we examined the stability of the αA-crystallin-γD-crystallin complex for up to 12 days and observed that this complex is stable in PBS and upon incubation with human lens-epithelial cell lysate or lens homogenate. Addition of 2 mm ATP to the lysate or homogenate did not decrease the stability of the complex. We also generated complexes of human αA-crystallin or αB-crystallin with alcohol dehydrogenase or citrate synthase by applying thermal stress. Upon glycation under physiological conditions, the chaperone-client complexes underwent greater extents of cross-linking than did uncomplexed protein mixtures. LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that the levels of cross-linking AGEs were significantly higher in the glycated chaperone-client complexes than in glycated but uncomplexed protein mixtures. Mouse lenses subjected to thermal stress followed by glycation lost resilience more extensively than lenses subjected to thermal stress or glycation alone, and this loss was accompanied by higher protein cross-linking and higher cross-linking AGE levels. These results uncover a protein cross-linking mechanism in the lens and suggest that AGE-mediated cross-linking of α-crystallin-client complexes could contribute to lens aging and presbyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Nandi
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Rooban B Nahomi
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Johanna Rankenberg
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ram H Nagaraj
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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18
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Truscott RJW, Friedrich MG. Molecular Processes Implicated in Human Age-Related Nuclear Cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:5007-5021. [PMID: 31791064 PMCID: PMC7043214 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human age-related nuclear cataract is commonly characterized by four biochemical features that involve modifications to the structural proteins that constitute the bulk of the lens: coloration, oxidation, insolubility, and covalent cross-linking. Each of these is progressive and increases as the cataract worsens. Significant progress has been made in understanding the origin of the factors that underpin the loss of lens transparency. Of these four hallmarks of cataract, it is protein-protein cross-linking that has been the most intransigent, and it is only recently, with the advent of proteomic methodology, that mechanisms are being elucidated. A diverse range of cross-linking processes involving several amino acids have been uncovered. Although other hypotheses for the etiology of cataract have been advanced, it is likely that spontaneous decomposition of the structural proteins of the lens, which do not turn over, is responsible for the age-related changes to the properties of the lens and, ultimately, for cataract. Cataract may represent the first and best characterized of a number of human age-related diseases where spontaneous protein modification leads to ongoing deterioration and, ultimately, a loss of tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J W Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael G Friedrich
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
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19
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Ścibior A, Kurus J. Vanadium and Oxidative Stress Markers - In Vivo Model: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5456-5500. [PMID: 30621554 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190108112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review article is an attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge of the impact of Vanadium (V) on Oxidative Stress (OS) markers in vivo. It shows the results of our studies and studies conducted by other researchers on the influence of different V compounds on the level of selected Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/Free Radicals (FRs), markers of Lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. It also presents the impact of ROS/peroxides on the activity of antioxidant enzymes modulated by V and illustrates the mechanisms of the inactivation thereof caused by this metal and reactive oxygen metabolites. It also focuses on the mechanisms of interaction of V with some nonenzymatic compounds of the antioxidative system. Furthermore, we review the routes of generation of oxygen-derived FRs and non-radical oxygen derivatives (in which V is involved) as well as the consequences of FR-mediated LPO (induced by this metal) together with the negative/ positive effects of LPO products. A brief description of the localization and function of some antioxidant enzymes and low-molecular-weight antioxidants, which are able to form complexes with V and play a crucial role in the metabolism of this element, is presented as well. The report also shows the OS historical background and OS markers (determined in animals under V treatment) on a timeline, collects data on interactions of V with one of the elements with antioxidant potential, and highlights the necessity and desirability of conducting studies of mutual interactions between V and antioxidant elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kurus
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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20
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Huang Y, He N, Kang Q, Shen D, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen L. A carbon dot-based fluorescent nanoprobe for the associated detection of iron ions and the determination of the fluctuation of ascorbic acid induced by hypoxia in cells and in vivo. Analyst 2019; 144:6609-6616. [PMID: 31616873 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01694e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the redox balance of biological systems is a key point to maintain a healthy physiological environment. Excessive iron ions (Fe3+) can cause apoptosis, tissue damage and death. Fortunately, ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent has been evaluated for the reduction of Fe3+. Moreover, AA plays an important role in relieving hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, the real-time imaging of the Fe3+ and AA fluctuations is important for understanding their biofunctions in cells and in vivo. In this work, we developed a fluorescent nanoprobe carbon dot-desferrioxamine B (CD-DB) by the conjugate connection of CDs and desferrioxamine B (a complexing agent for Fe3+) for the associated detection of Fe3+ and AA. CD-DB exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Fe3+ and AA. The nanoprobe CDs-DB@Fe obtained by the reaction of CD-DB and Fe3+ was suitable for tracing the dynamic changes of AA in cells and in vivo. Therefore, CDs-DB@Fe was used for monitoring the fluctuation of AA in hypoxic cell models, hypoxic zebrafish models and liver ischemia mice models. These results exhibited the decrease in AA under hypoxic conditions because AA was consumed to neutralize free radicals and relieve hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage. The ideal biocompatibility and low toxicity make our nanoprobe a potential candidate for the research of the physiological effects of AA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Na He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, University, Qufu 273165, China
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21
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Ebrahimi S, Dabbagh HA. Oxidative and non‐oxidative degradation pathways of L‐ascorbic acid. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
| | - Hossein A. Dabbagh
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
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22
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Ghini V, Quaglio D, Luchinat C, Turano P. NMR for sample quality assessment in metabolomics. N Biotechnol 2019; 52:25-34. [PMID: 31022482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The EU Framework 7 project SPIDIA was the occasion for development of NMR approaches to evaluate the impact of different pre-analytical treatments on the quality of biological samples dedicated to metabolomics. Systematic simulation of different pre-analytical procedures was performed on urine and blood serum and plasma. Here we review the key aspects of these studies that have led to the development of CEN technical specifications, to be translated into ISO/IS in the course of the EU Horizon 2020 project SPIDIA4P. Inspired by the SPIDIA results, follow-up research was performed, extending the analysis to different sample types and to the different effects of long-term storage. The latter activity was in conjunction with the local European da Vinci Biobank. These results (which partially contributed to the ANNEX of CEN/TS 16945"MOLECULAR IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS - SPECIFICATIONS FOR PRE-EXAMINATION PROCESSES FOR METABOLOMICS IN URINE, VENOUS BLOOD SERUM AND PLASMA") are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ghini
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy.
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23
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Smirnoff N. Ascorbic acid metabolism and functions: A comparison of plants and mammals. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:116-129. [PMID: 29567393 PMCID: PMC6191929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is synthesised by eukaryotes, the known exceptions being primates and some other animal groups which have lost functional gulonolactone oxidase. Prokaryotes do not synthesise ascorbate and do not need an ascorbate supply, so the functions that are essential for mammals and plants are not required or are substituted by other compounds. The ability of ascorbate to donate electrons enables it to act as a free radical scavenger and to reduce higher oxidation states of iron to Fe2+. These reactions are the basis of its biological activity along with the relative stability of the resulting resonance stabilised monodehydroascorbate radical. The importance of these properties is emphasised by the evolution of at least three biosynthetic pathways and production of an ascorbate analogue, erythroascorbate, by fungi. The iron reducing activity of ascorbate maintains the reactive centre Fe2+ of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) thus preventing inactivation. These enzymes have diverse functions and, recently, the possibility that ascorbate status in mammals could influence 2-ODDs involved in histone and DNA demethylation thereby influencing stem cell differentiation and cancer has been uncovered. Ascorbate is involved in iron uptake and transport in plants and animals. While the above biochemical functions are shared between mammals and plants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an enzyme family limited to plants and photosynthetic protists. It provides these organisms with increased capacity to remove H2O2 produced by photosynthetic electron transport and photorespiration. The Fe reducing activity of ascorbate enables hydroxyl radical production (pro-oxidant effect) and the reactivity of dehydroascorbate (DHA) and reaction of its degradation products with proteins (dehydroascorbylation and glycation) is potentially damaging. Ascorbate status influences gene expression in plants and mammals but at present there is little evidence that it acts as a specific signalling molecule. It most likely acts indirectly by influencing the redox state of thiols and 2-ODD activity. However, the possibility that dehydroascorbylation is a regulatory post-translational protein modification could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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Kärkönen A, Dewhirst RA, Mackay CL, Fry SC. Metabolites of 2,3-diketogulonate delay peroxidase action and induce non-enzymic H 2O 2 generation: Potential roles in the plant cell wall. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 620:12-22. [PMID: 28315301 PMCID: PMC5398285 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of the plant's l-ascorbate (vitamin C) occurs in the apoplast, where it and its metabolites may act as pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. One ascorbate metabolite is 2,3-diketogulonate (DKG), preparations of which can non-enzymically generate H2O2 and delay peroxidase action on aromatic substrates. As DKG itself generates several by-products, we characterised these and their ability to generate H2O2 and delay peroxidase action. DKG preparations rapidly produced a by-product, compound (1), with λmax 271 and 251 nm at neutral and acidic pH respectively. On HPLC, (1) co-eluted with the major H2O2-generating and peroxidase-delaying principle. Compound (1) was slowly destroyed by ascorbate oxidase, and was less stable at pH 6 than at pH 1. Electrophoresis of an HPLC-enriched preparation of (1) suggested a strongly acidic (pKa ≈ 2.3) compound. Mass spectrometry suggested that un-ionised (1) has the formula C6H6O5, i.e. it is a reduction product of DKG (C6H8O7). In conclusion, compound (1) is the major H2O2-generating, peroxidase-delaying principle formed non-enzymically from DKG in the pathway ascorbate → dehydroascorbic acid → DKG → (1). We hypothesise that (1) generates apoplastic H2O2 (and consequently hydroxyl radicals) and delays cell-wall crosslinking - both these effects favouring wall loosening, and possibly playing a role in pathogen defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Finland; The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Rebecca A Dewhirst
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - C Logan Mackay
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Truffault V, Fry SC, Stevens RG, Gautier H. Ascorbate degradation in tomato leads to accumulation of oxalate, threonate and oxalyl threonate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:996-1008. [PMID: 27888536 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate content in plants is controlled by its synthesis from carbohydrates, recycling of the oxidized forms and degradation. Of these pathways, ascorbate degradation is the least studied and represents a lack of knowledge that could impair improvement of ascorbate content in fruits and vegetables as degradation is non-reversible and leads to a depletion of the ascorbate pool. The present study revealed the nature of degradation products using [14 C]ascorbate labelling in tomato, a model plant for fleshy fruits; oxalate and threonate are accumulated in leaves, as is oxalyl threonate. Carboxypentonates coming from diketogulonate degradation were detected in relatively insoluble (cell wall-rich) leaf material. No [14 C]tartaric acid was found in tomato leaves. Ascorbate degradation was stimulated by darkness, and the degradation rate was evaluated at 63% of the ascorbate pool per day, a percentage that was constant and independent of the initial ascorbate or dehydroascorbic acid concentration over periods of 24 h or more. Furthermore, degradation could be partially affected by the ascorbate recycling pathway, as lines under-expressing monodehydroascorbate reductase showed a slight decrease in degradation product accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Truffault
- INRA, UR-1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, 84143, Montfavet, France
- INRA, UR-1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, CS40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rebecca G Stevens
- INRA, UR-1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, 84143, Montfavet, France
| | - Hélène Gautier
- INRA, UR-1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, CS40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
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Rakete S, Nagaraj RH. UVA Light-mediated Ascorbate Oxidation in Human Lenses. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1091-1095. [PMID: 28084012 DOI: 10.1111/php.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether ascorbate oxidation is promoted by UVA light in human lenses and whether this process is influenced by age and GSH levels are not known. In this study, we used paired lenses from human donors. One lens of each pair was exposed to UVA light, whereas the other lens was kept in the dark for the same period of time as the control. Using LC-MS/MS analyses, we found that older lenses (41-73 years) were more susceptible to UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation than younger lenses (18-40 years). Approximately 36% of the ascorbate (relative to control) was oxidized in older lenses compared to ~16% in younger lenses. Furthermore, lenses with higher levels of GSH were less susceptible to UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation compared to those with lower levels, and this effect was not dependent on age. The oxidation of ascorbate led to elevated levels of reactive α-dicarbonyl compounds. In summary, our study showed that UVA light exposure leads to ascorbate oxidation in human lenses and that such oxidation is more pronounced in aged lenses and is inversely related to GSH levels. Our findings suggest that UVA light exposure could lead to protein aggregation through ascorbate oxidation in human lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rakete
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Ram H Nagaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
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Lustgarten MS, Price LL, Phillips EM, Kirn DR, Mills J, Fielding RA. Serum Predictors of Percent Lean Mass in Young Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2194-201. [PMID: 23774283 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31829eef24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lustgarten, MS, Price, LL, Phillips, EM, Kirn, DR, Mills, J, and Fielding, RA. Serum predictors of percent lean mass in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2194-2201, 2016-Elevated lean (skeletal muscle) mass is associated with increased muscle strength and anaerobic exercise performance, whereas low levels of lean mass are associated with insulin resistance and sarcopenia. Therefore, studies aimed at obtaining an improved understanding of mechanisms related to the quantity of lean mass are of interest. Percent lean mass (total lean mass/body weight × 100) in 77 young subjects (18-35 years) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Twenty analytes and 296 metabolites were evaluated with the use of the standard chemistry screen and mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling, respectively. Sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression was used to determine serum analytes and metabolites significantly (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.30) associated with the percent lean mass. Two enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase) and 29 metabolites were found to be significantly associated with the percent lean mass, including metabolites related to microbial metabolism, uremia, inflammation, oxidative stress, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glycerolipid metabolism, and xenobiotics. Use of sex-adjusted stepwise regression to obtain a final covariate predictor model identified the combination of 5 analytes and metabolites as overall predictors of the percent lean mass (model R = 82.5%). Collectively, these data suggest that a complex interplay of various metabolic processes underlies the maintenance of lean mass in young healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Lustgarten
- 1Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and 2Biostatistics Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pescosolido N, Barbato A, Giannotti R, Komaiha C, Lenarduzzi F. Age-related changes in the kinetics of human lenses: prevention of the cataract. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1506-1517. [PMID: 27803872 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina and, by changing shape, it adjusts focal distance (accommodation). The three classes of structural proteins found in the lens are α, β, and γ crystallins. These proteins make up more than 90% of the total dry mass of the eye lens. Other components which can be found are sugars, lipids, water, several antioxidants and low weight molecules. When ageing changes occur in the lens, it causes a gradual reduction in transparency, presbyopia and an increase in the scattering and aberration of light waves as well as a degradation of the optical quality of the eye. The main changes that occur with aging are: 1) reduced diffusion of water from the outside to the inside of the lens and from its cortical to its nuclear zone; 2) crystalline change due to the accumulation of high molecular weight aggregates and insoluble proteins; 3) production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), lipid accumulation, reduction of reduced glutathione content and destruction of ascorbic acid. Even if effective strategies in preventing cataract onset are not already known, good results have been reached in some cases with oral administration of antioxidant substances such as caffeine, pyruvic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), α-lipoic acid and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) over expression could protect lens cells both in presence and in absence of oxidative stress-induced damage. Nevertheless, promising results have been obtained by reducing ultraviolet-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pescosolido
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbato
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Rossella Giannotti
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Komaiha
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Lenarduzzi
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Javadi S, Yousefi R, Hosseinkhani S, Tamaddon AM, Uversky VN. Protective effects of carnosine on dehydroascorbate-induced structural alteration and opacity of lens crystallins: important implications of carnosine pleiotropic functions to combat cataractogenesis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1766-1784. [PMID: 27472261 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1194230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The high level of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) in the lenticular tissue is an important risk factor for the development of age-related cataracts. In this study, the effects of DHA on structure and function of lens crystallins were studied in the presence of carnosine using gel mobility shift assay, different spectroscopic techniques, and lens culture analysis. The DHA-induced unfolding and aggregation of lens proteins were largely prevented by this endogenous dipeptide. The ability of carnosine to preserve native protein structure upon exposure to DHA suggests the essential role of this dipeptide in prevention of the senile cataract development. Although the DHA-modified α-crystallin was characterized by altered chaperone activity, functionality of this protein was significantly restored in the presence of carnosine. The increased proteolytic instability of DHA-modified lens proteins was also attenuated in the presence of carnosine. Furthermore, the assessment of lens culture suggested that DHA can induce significant lens opacity which can be prevented by carnosine. These observations can be explained by the pleiotropic functions of this endogenous and pharmaceutical compound, notably by its anti-glycation and anti-aggregation properties. In summary, our study suggests that carnosine may have therapeutic potential in preventing senile cataracts linked with the increased lenticular DHA generation, particularly under pathological conditions associated with the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Javadi
- a Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology , College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- a Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology , College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- b Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali-Mohammad Tamaddon
- c Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA
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31
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Henning C, Glomb MA. Pathways of the Maillard reaction under physiological conditions. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:499-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barnes S, Quinlan RA. Small molecules, both dietary and endogenous, influence the onset of lens cataracts. Exp Eye Res 2016; 156:87-94. [PMID: 27039707 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How the lens ages successfully is a lesson in biological adaption and the emergent properties of its complement of cells and proteins. This living tissue contains some of the oldest proteins in our bodies and yet they remain functional for decades, despite exposure to UV light, to reactive oxygen species and all the other hazards to protein function. This remarkable feat is achieved by a shrewd investment in very stable proteins as lens crystallins, by providing a reservoir of ATP-independent protein chaperones unequalled by any other tissue and by an oxidation-resistant environment. In addition, glutathione, a free radical scavenger, is present in mM concentrations and the plasma membranes contain oxidation-resistant sphingolipids what compromises lens function as it ages? In this review, we examine the role of small molecules in the prevention or causation of cataracts, including those associated with diet, metabolic pathways and drug therapy (steroids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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Abstract
In humans, approximately 60 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) breaks down in the body each day and has to be replaced by a dietary intake of 70 mg in women and 90 mg in men to maintain optimal health and AA homeostasis. The breakdown of AA is non-enzymatic and results in oxalate formation. The exact amount of oxalate formed has been difficult to ascertain primarily due to the limited availability of healthy human tissue for such research and the difficulty in measuring AA and its breakdown products. The breakdown of 60 mg of AA to oxalate could potentially result in the formation of up to 30 mg oxalate per day. This exceeds our estimates of the endogenous production of 10-25 mg oxalate per day, indicating that degradative pathways that do not form oxalate exist. In this review, we examine what is known about the pathways of AA metabolism and how oxalate forms. We further identify how gaps in our knowledge may be filled to more precisely determine the contribution of AA breakdown to oxalate production in humans. The use of stable isotopes of AA to directly assess the conversion of vitamin to oxalate should help fill this void.
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34
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Rakete S, Nagaraj RH. Identification of Kynoxazine, a Novel Fluorescent Product of the Reaction between 3-Hydroxykynurenine and Erythrulose in the Human Lens, and Its Role in Protein Modification. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9596-609. [PMID: 26941078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway metabolites and ascorbate degradation products are present in human lenses. In this study, we showed that erythrulose, a major ascorbate degradation product, reacts spontaneously with 3-hydroxykynurenine to form a fluorescent product. Structural characterization of the product revealed it to be 2-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-5-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, which we named kynoxazine. Unlike 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine glucoside and kynurenine were unable to form a kynoxazine-like compound, which suggested that the aminophenol moiety in 3-hydroxykynurenine is essential for the formation of kynoxazine. This reasoning was confirmed using a model compound, 1-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one, which is an aminophenol lacking the amino acid moiety of 3-hydroxykynurenine. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses showed that kynoxazine is present in the human lens at levels ranging from 0 to 64 pmol/mg lens. Kynoxazine as well as erythrulose degraded under physiological conditions to generate 3-deoxythreosone, which modified and cross-linked proteins through the formation of an arginine adduct, 3-deoxythreosone-derived hydroimidazolone, and a lysine-arginine cross-linking adduct, 3-deoxythreosone-derived hydroimidazolimine cross-link. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification showed that 32-169 pmol/mg protein of 3-deoxythreosone-derived hydroimidazolone and 1.1-11.2 pmol/mg protein of 3-deoxythreosone-derived hydroimidazolimine cross-link occurred in aging lenses. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel biochemical mechanism by which ascorbate oxidation and the kynurenine pathway intertwine, which could promote protein modification and cross-linking in aging human lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rakete
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Ram H Nagaraj
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Li X, Knight J, Fargue S, Buchalski B, Guan Z, Inscho EW, Liebow A, Fitzgerald K, Querbes W, Todd Lowther W, Holmes RP. Metabolism of (13)C5-hydroxyproline in mouse models of Primary Hyperoxaluria and its inhibition by RNAi therapeutics targeting liver glycolate oxidase and hydroxyproline dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:233-9. [PMID: 26655602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive endogenous oxalate synthesis can result in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation and renal failure. Hydroxyproline catabolism in the liver and kidney contributes to endogenous oxalate production in mammals. To quantify this contribution we have infused Wt mice, Agxt KO mice deficient in liver alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase, and Grhpr KO mice deficient in glyoxylate reductase, with (13)C5-hydroxyproline. The contribution of hydroxyproline metabolism to urinary oxalate excretion in Wt mice was 22±2%, 42±8% in Agxt KO mice, and 36%±9% in Grhpr KO mice. To determine if blocking steps in hydroxyproline and glycolate metabolism would decrease urinary oxalate excretion, mice were injected with siRNA targeting the liver enzymes glycolate oxidase and hydroxyproline dehydrogenase. These siRNAs decreased the expression of both enzymes and reduced urinary oxalate excretion in Agxt KO mice, when compared to mice infused with a luciferase control preparation. These results suggest that siRNA approaches could be useful for decreasing the oxalate burden on the kidney in individuals with Primary Hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - John Knight
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Sonia Fargue
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Brianna Buchalski
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Zhengrong Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Edward W Inscho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | | | | | | | - W Todd Lowther
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Ross P Holmes
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Flandrin A, Allouche S, Rolland Y, McDuff FO, Richard Wagner J, Klarskov K. Characterization of dehydroascorbate-mediated modification of glutaredoxin by mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1358-1366. [PMID: 26634969 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is as a potent antioxidant in vivo protecting the organism against oxidative stress. In this process, ascorbate is oxidized in two steps to dehydroascorbate (DHA), which if not efficiently reduced back to ascorbate decomposes irreversibly to a complex mixture of products. We demonstrate that a component of this mixture specifically reacts with the thiol group of cysteine residues at physiological pH to give a protein adduct involving the addition of a 5-carbon fragment of DHA (+112 Da). Incubations of glutaredoxin-1 expressed in Escherichia coli and dehydroascorbate revealed abundant adducts of +112, +224 and +336 Da due to the addition of one, two and three conjugation products of DHA, respectively. ESI-MS of carbamidomethylated glutaredoxin-1 before incubation with DHA, deuterium exchange together with tandem mass spectrometry analysis and LC-ESIMS/MS of modified peptides confirmed structure and sites of modification in the protein. Modification of protein thiols by a DHA-derived product can be involved in oxidative stress-mediated cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Flandrin
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastien Allouche
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Rolland
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - François-Olivier McDuff
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Klaus Klarskov
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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37
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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of ascorbyl palmitate (E 304(i)) and ascorbyl stearate (E 304(ii)) as food additives. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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38
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Chumsae C, Hossler P, Raharimampionona H, Zhou Y, McDermott S, Racicot C, Radziejewski C, Zhou ZS. When Good Intentions Go Awry: Modification of a Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody in Chemically Defined Cell Culture by Xylosone, an Oxidative Product of Ascorbic Acid. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7529-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chumsae
- Protein
Analytics, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Barnett
Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Patrick Hossler
- Cell
Culture, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Haly Raharimampionona
- Protein
Analytics, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Protein
Analytics, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sean McDermott
- Cell
Culture, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Chris Racicot
- Cell
Culture, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Czeslaw Radziejewski
- Protein
Analytics, Process Sciences Department, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
- Barnett
Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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39
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Ascorbic acid and protein glycation in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:154-62. [PMID: 26163454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) in vitro in the absence and in the presence of cell-dependent recycling. In a cell-free system, AA enhanced glycoxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by glucose and induced BSA glycation in the absence of sugars. On the other hand, AA did not affect erythrocyte hemolysis, glycation of hemoglobin and erythrocyte membranes, and inactivation of catalase, protected against inactivation of acetylcholinesterase of erythrocytes incubated with high glucose concentrations and enhanced the loss of glutathione. These results can be explained by assumption that AA acts as a proglycating agent in the absence of recycling while is an antiglycating agent when metabolic recycling occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, PL 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, PL 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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40
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Pan X, Wang X, Wang L, Xu K, Kong F, Tang B. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring the Metabolic Products of Vitamin C in HepG2 Cells under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7092-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyong Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehua Xu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanpeng Kong
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of ascorbic acid (E 300), sodium ascorbate (E 301) and calcium ascorbate (E 302) as food additives. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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42
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Smuda M, Henning C, Raghavan CT, Johar K, Vasavada AR, Nagaraj RH, Glomb MA. Comprehensive analysis of maillard protein modifications in human lenses: effect of age and cataract. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2500-7. [PMID: 25849437 DOI: 10.1021/bi5013194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In human lens proteins, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) originate from the reaction of glycating agents, e.g., vitamin C and glucose. AGEs have been considered to play a significant role in lens aging and cataract formation. Although several AGEs have been detected in the human lens, the contribution of individual glycating agents to their formation remains unclear. A highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multimethod was developed that allowed us to quantitate 21 protein modifications in normal and cataractous lenses, respectively. N(6)-Carboxymethyl lysine, N(6)-carboxyethyl lysine, N(7)-carboxyethyl arginine, methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone 1, and N(6)-lactoyl lysine were found to be the major Maillard protein modifications among these AGEs. The novel vitamin C specific amide AGEs, N(6)-xylonyl and N(6)-lyxonyl lysine, but also AGEs from glyoxal were detected, albeit in minor quantities. Among the 21 modifications, AGEs from the Amadori product (derived from the reaction of glucose and lysine) and methylglyoxal were dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Smuda
- †Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Henning
- †Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Cibin T Raghavan
- ‡Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kaid Johar
- §Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Center, Gurukul Road, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380052, India
| | - Abhay R Vasavada
- §Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Center, Gurukul Road, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380052, India
| | - Ram H Nagaraj
- ‡Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- †Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Avila F, Friguet B, Silva E. Photosensitizing Activity of Endogenous Eye Lens Chromophores: An Attempt to Unravel Their Contributions to Photo-Aging and Cataract Disease. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:767-79. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Avila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinario en Envejecimiento Saludable (PIEI-ES); Universidad de Talca; Talca Chile
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS UMR 8256; INSERM U1164; Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement; Institute of Biology Paris-Seine; Paris France
| | - Eduardo Silva
- Departamento de Química Física; Facultad de Química; Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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Dinca AS, Shova S, Ion AE, Maxim C, Lloret F, Julve M, Andruh M. Ascorbic acid decomposition into oxalate ions: a simple synthetic route towards oxalato-bridged heterometallic 3d–4f clusters. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7148-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00778j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dodecanuclear and hexanuclear heterometallic 3d–4f clusters have been obtained by connecting the lanthanide ions through oxalato bridges arising from the slow decomposition of the l-ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S. Dinca
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- 020464-Bucharest
- Romania
| | - Sergiu Shova
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- RO-700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | - Adrian E. Ion
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- 020464-Bucharest
- Romania
| | - Catalin Maxim
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- 020464-Bucharest
- Romania
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Departament de Química Inorgànica/Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Miguel Julve
- Departament de Química Inorgànica/Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Facultat de Química de la Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Marius Andruh
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Bucharest
- 020464-Bucharest
- Romania
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Shinmoto H, Kadowake S, Yashiro T, Naganawa Y. The Effect of Antioxidants on Milk Protein Glycation. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.62.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Wang P, Ahmedna M, Ho CT, Sang S. Tea Flavanols Block Advanced Glycation of Lens Crystallins Induced by Dehydroascorbic Acid. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 28:135-43. [PMID: 25437149 DOI: 10.1021/tx500430z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that ascorbic acid (ASA) can contribute to protein glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), especially in the lens. The mechanism by which ascorbic acid can cause protein glycation probably originates from its oxidized form, dehydroascorbic acid (DASA), which is a reactive dicarbonyl species. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that four tea flavanols, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC), could significantly trap DASA and consequently form 6C- or 8C-ascorbyl conjugates. Among these four flavanols, EGCG exerted the strongest trapping efficacy by capturing approximate 80% of DASA within 60 min. We successfully purified and identified seven 6C- or 8C-ascorbyl conjugates of flavanols from the chemical reaction between tea flavanols and DASA under slightly basic conditions. Of which, five ascorbyl conjugates, EGCGDASA-2, EGCDASA-2, ECGDASA-1, ECGDASA-2 and ECDASA-1, were recognized as novel compounds. The NMR data showed that positions 6 and 8 of the ring A of flavanols were the major active sites for trapping DASA. We further demonstrated that tea flavanols could effectively inhibit the formation of DASA-induced AGEs via trapping DASA in the bovine lens crystallin-DASA assay. In this assay, 8C-ascorbyl conjugates of flavanols were detected as the major adducts using LC-MS. This study suggests that daily consumption of beverages containing tea flavanols may prevent protein glycation in the lens induced by ascorbic acid and its oxidized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Health Science, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Henning C, Liehr K, Girndt M, Ulrich C, Glomb MA. Extending the spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28676-88. [PMID: 25164824 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.563593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maillard α-dicarbonyl compounds are known as central intermediates in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the human body, whereas l-threo-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an essential nutrient, involved in a variety of enzymatic reactions. Thus, the Maillard degradation of glucose and ascorbic acid is of major importance in vivo. To understand the complex mechanistic pathways of AGE formation, it is crucial to extend the knowledge on plasma concentrations of reactive key α-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g. 1-deoxyglucosone). With the present work, we introduce a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS multimethod for human blood plasma based on derivatization with o-phenylenediamine under acidic conditions. The impact of workup and reaction conditions, particularly of pH, was thoroughly evaluated. A comprehensive validation provided the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, coefficients of variation, and recovery rates. The method includes the α-dicarbonyls 1-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glucosone, Lederer's glucosone, dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, 1-deoxypentosone, 3-deoxypentosone, 3,4-dideoxypentosone, pentosone, 1-deoxythreosone, 3-deoxythreosone, threosone, methylglyoxal, glyoxal; the α-keto-carboxylic acids pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid; and the dicarboxylic acid oxalic acid. The method was then applied to the analyses of 15 healthy subjects and 24 uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. The comparison of the results revealed a clear shift in the product spectrum. In most cases, the plasma levels of target analytes were significantly higher. Thus, this is the first time that a complete spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds relevant in vivo has been established. The results provide further insights into the chemistry of AGE formation and will be helpful to find specific markers to differentiate between the various precursors of glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Girndt
- the Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christof Ulrich
- the Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Monnier VM, Sun W, Sell DR, Fan X, Nemet I, Genuth S. Glucosepane: a poorly understood advanced glycation end product of growing importance for diabetes and its complications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52:21-32. [PMID: 23787467 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent a family of protein, peptide, amino acid, nucleic acid and lipid adducts formed by the reaction of carbonyl compounds derived directly or indirectly from glucose, ascorbic acid and other metabolites such as methylglyoxal. AGE formation in diabetes is of growing importance for their role as markers and potential culprits of diabetic complications, in particular retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Development of sensitive and specific assays utilizing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with isotope dilution method has made it possible to detect and quantitate non-UV active AGEs such as carboxymethyl-lysine and glucosepane, the most prevalent AGE and protein crosslink of the extracellular matrix. Below we review studies on AGE formation in two skin biopsies obtained near the closeout of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), one of which was processed in 2011 for assay of novel AGEs. The results of these analyses show that while several AGEs are associated and predict complication progression, the glucose/fructose-lysine/glucosepane AGE axis is one of the most robust markers for microvascular disease, especially retinopathy, in spite of adjustment for past or future average glycemia. Yet overall little biological and clinical information is available on glucosepane, making this review a call for data in a field of growing importance for diabetes and chronic metabolic diseases of aging.
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Kay P, Wagner JR, Gagnon H, Day R, Klarskov K. Modification of peptide and protein cysteine thiol groups by conjugation with a degradation product of ascorbate. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1333-9. [PMID: 23865753 DOI: 10.1021/tx400061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an important water-soluble antioxidant, which when oxidized by reactive oxygen species is converted into dehydroascorbate (DHA). If not rapidly reduced back to ascorbate, DHA decomposes to a reactive 5-carbon compound (DHA*, +130 Da) that can modify reduced cysteinyl residues in peptides and proteins in vitro. The formation of cysteine adducts by DHA* was characterized by mass spectrometry using reduced insulin B-chain, α-lactalbumin, and hemoglobin. Mass spectrometry of DHA* modified insulin B-chain revealed the presence of one and two DHA* adducts. Enzymatic cleavage and tandem mass spectrometry of modified peptides allowed unambiguous localization of DHA* to the two cysteine residues in positions 7 and 19 of the insulin B-chain. Incubations of DHA with α-lactalbumin revealed that approximately 25% of the protein population was in a reduced state and could be modified by DHA*. The adduct was assigned to the N-terminally located cysteinyl residue in position 6. Incubation of hemoglobin with DHA followed by pepsin digestion and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSMS) of the peptide mixture allowed for the identification of three modified peptides. Tandem mass spectrometry of the modified peptides, two from the hemoglobin A-chain with identical mass and one from the hemoglobin B-chain, gave a complete series of y-type fragment ions, which were assigned to the cysteine containing peptides (100)LLSHCL(105) (A-chain), (101)LSHCLL(106) (A-chain), and (111)VCVLAHHFGKE(121) (B-chain). Although the DHA* adduct was lost from the peptides derived from α-lactalbumin and hemoglobin before fragmentation of the peptide bond, carbamidomethylation of the proteins prior to incubation with DHA abolished the formation of DHA*-protein adducts and confirmed that the target was indeed the cysteine thiol group. Future studies are focused on the modification of proteins by DHA* in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyla Kay
- Department of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, §Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and Department of Surgery/Urology division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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50
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Chikazawa M, Otaki N, Shibata T, Miyashita H, Kawai Y, Maruyama S, Toyokuni S, Kitaura Y, Matsuda T, Uchida K. Multispecificity of immunoglobulin M antibodies raised against advanced glycation end products: involvement of electronegative potential of antigens. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13204-14. [PMID: 23543734 PMCID: PMC3650360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.452177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can act as neoantigens to trigger immune responses. RESULTS Natural IgM antibodies against AGEs recognize multiple molecules, including DNA and chemically modified proteins. CONCLUSION There is a close relationship between the formation of AGEs and innate immune responses. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight AGEs and related modified proteins as a source of multispecific natural antibodies Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous and complex group of compounds that are formed when reducing sugars, such as dehydroascorbic acid, react in a nonenzymatic way with amino acids in proteins and other macromolecules. AGEs are prevalent in the diabetic vasculature and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. The presence and accumulation of AGEs in many different cell types affect the extracellular and intracellular structure and function. In the present study, we studied the immune response to the dehydroascorbic acid-derived AGEs and provide multiple lines of evidence suggesting that the AGEs could be an endogenous source of innate epitopes recognized by natural IgM antibodies. Prominent IgM titers to the AGEs were detected in the sera of normal mice and were significantly accelerated by the immunization with the AGEs. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a potentially fatal systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the increased production of autoantibodies, showed significantly higher serum levels of the IgM titer against the AGEs than healthy individuals. A progressive increase in the IgM response against the AGEs was also observed in the SLE-prone mice. Strikingly, a subset of monoclonal antibodies, showing a specificity toward the AGEs, prepared from normal mice immunized with the AGEs and from the SLE mice cross-reacted with the double-stranded DNA. Moreover, they also cross-reacted with several other modified proteins, including the acetylated proteins, suggesting that the multiple specificity of the antibodies might be ascribed, at least in part, to the increased electronegative potential of the proteins. These findings suggest that the protein modification by the endogenous carbonyl compounds, generating electronegative proteins, could be a source of multispecific natural antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens/chemistry
- Antigens/immunology
- Dehydroascorbic Acid/metabolism
- Female
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/chemistry
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin M/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Isoelectric Point
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shoichi Maruyama
- the Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- the Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Molecular Bioregulation, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and
| | - Koji Uchida
- From the Laboratories of Food and Biodynamics
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