1
|
Mangini L, Lawrence R, Lopez ME, Graham TC, Bauer CR, Nguyen H, Su C, Ramphal J, Crawford BE, Hartl TA. Galactokinase 1 is the source of elevated galactose-1-phosphate and cerebrosides are modestly reduced in a mouse model of classic galactosemia. JIMD Rep 2024; 65:280-294. [PMID: 38974607 PMCID: PMC11224506 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Classic galactosemia (CG) arises from loss-of-function mutations in the Galt gene, which codes for the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), a central component in galactose metabolism. The neonatal fatality associated with CG can be prevented by galactose dietary restriction, but for decades it has been known that limiting galactose intake is not a cure and patients often have lasting complications. Even on a low-galactose diet, GALT's substrate galactose-1-phosphate (Gal1P) is elevated and one hypothesis is that elevated Gal1P is a driver of pathology. Here we show that Gal1P levels were elevated above wildtype (WT) in Galt mutant mice, while mice doubly mutant for Galt and the gene encoding galactokinase 1 (Galk1) had normal Gal1P levels. This indicates that GALK1 is necessary for the elevated Gal1P in CG. Another hypothesis to explain the pathology is that an inability to metabolize galactose leads to diminished or disrupted galactosylation of proteins or lipids. Our studies reveal that levels of a subset of cerebrosides-galactosylceramide 24:1, sulfatide 24:1, and glucosylceramide 24:1-were modestly decreased compared to WT. In contrast, gangliosides were unaltered. The observed reduction in these 24:1 cerebrosides may be relevant to the clinical pathology of CG, since the cerebroside galactosylceramide is an important structural component of myelin, the 24:1 species is the most abundant in myelin, and irregularities in white matter, of which myelin is a constituent, have been observed in patients with CG. Therefore, impaired cerebroside production may be a contributing factor to the brain damage that is a common clinical feature of the human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linley Mangini
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Manuel E. Lopez
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Timothy C. Graham
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher R. Bauer
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hang Nguyen
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cheng Su
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Ramphal
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brett E. Crawford
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. Hartl
- Research and Early DevelopmentBioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.San RafaelCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wohlwend M, Laurila PP, Goeminne LJE, Lima T, Daskalaki I, Li X, von Alvensleben G, Crisol B, Mangione R, Gallart-Ayala H, Lalou A, Burri O, Butler S, Morris J, Turner N, Ivanisevic J, Auwerx J. Inhibition of CERS1 in skeletal muscle exacerbates age-related muscle dysfunction. eLife 2024; 12:RP90522. [PMID: 38506902 PMCID: PMC10954306 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related muscle wasting and dysfunction render the elderly population vulnerable and incapacitated, while underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we implicate the CERS1 enzyme of the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway in the pathogenesis of age-related skeletal muscle impairment. In humans, CERS1 abundance declines with aging in skeletal muscle cells and, correlates with biological pathways involved in muscle function and myogenesis. Furthermore, CERS1 is upregulated during myogenic differentiation. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CERS1 in aged mice blunts myogenesis and deteriorates aged skeletal muscle mass and function, which is associated with the occurrence of morphological features typical of inflammation and fibrosis. Ablation of the CERS1 orthologue lagr-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans similarly exacerbates the age-associated decline in muscle function and integrity. We discover genetic variants reducing CERS1 expression in human skeletal muscle and Mendelian randomization analysis in the UK biobank cohort shows that these variants reduce muscle grip strength and overall health. In summary, our findings link age-related impairments in muscle function to a reduction in CERS1, thereby underlining the importance of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway in age-related muscle homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wohlwend
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ludger JE Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Tanes Lima
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ioanna Daskalaki
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Giacomo von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Crisol
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Renata Mangione
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Amélia Lalou
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Burri
- Bioimaging and optics platform, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Stephen Butler
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jonathan Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richardson WJ, Humphrey SB, Sears SM, Hoffman NA, Orwick AJ, Doll MA, Doll CL, Xia C, Hernandez-Corbacho M, Snider JM, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Snider AJ, Siskind LJ. Expression of Ceramide Synthases in Mice and Their Roles in Regulating Acyl-Chain Sphingolipids: A Framework for Baseline Levels and Future Implications in Aging and Disease. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:131-143. [PMID: 38164625 PMCID: PMC10877707 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important class of lipids present in all eukaryotic cells that regulate critical cellular processes. Disturbances in sphingolipid homeostasis have been linked to several diseases in humans. Ceramides are central in sphingolipid metabolism and are largely synthesized by six ceramide synthase (CerS) isoforms (CerS1-6), each with a preference for different fatty acyl chain lengths. Although the tissue distribution of CerS mRNA expression in humans and the roles of CerS isoforms in synthesizing ceramides with different acyl chain lengths are known, it is unknown how CerS expression dictates ceramides and downstream metabolites within tissues. In this study, we analyzed sphingolipid levels and CerS mRNA expression in 3-month-old C57BL/6J mouse brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle. The results showed that CerS expression and sphingolipid species abundance varied by tissue and that CerS expression was a predictor of ceramide species within tissues. Interestingly, although CerS expression was not predictive of complex sphingolipid species within all tissues, composite scores for CerSs contributions to total sphingolipids measured in each tissue correlated to CerS expression. Lastly, we determined that the most abundant ceramide species in mouse tissues aligned with CerS mRNA expression in corresponding human tissues (based on chain length preference), suggesting that mice are relevant preclinical models for ceramide and sphingolipid research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current study demonstrates that ceramide synthase (CerS) expression in specific tissues correlates not only with ceramide species but contributes to the generation of complex sphingolipids as well. As many of the CerSs and/or specific ceramide species have been implicated in disease, these studies suggest the potential for CerSs as therapeutic targets and the use of sphingolipid species as diagnostics in specific tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney J Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Sophia B Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Sophia M Sears
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Nicholas A Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Andrew J Orwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Chelsea L Doll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Catherine Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Corbacho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blumenreich S, Nehushtan T, Kupervaser M, Shalit T, Gabashvili A, Joseph T, Milenkovic I, Hardy J, Futerman AH. Large-scale proteomics analysis of five brain regions from Parkinson's disease patients with a GBA1 mutation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38331996 PMCID: PMC10853186 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, little is known about Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. A number of genetic factors predispose towards PD, among them mutations in GBA1, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme acid-β-glucosidase. We now perform non-targeted, mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics on five brain regions from PD patients with a GBA1 mutation (PD-GBA) and compare to age- and sex-matched idiopathic PD patients (IPD) and controls. Two proteins were differentially-expressed in all five brain regions whereas significant differences were detected between the brain regions, with changes consistent with loss of dopaminergic signaling in the substantia nigra, and activation of a number of pathways in the cingulate gyrus, including ceramide synthesis. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was inactivated in PD samples in most brain regions and to a larger extent in PD-GBA. This study provides a comprehensive large-scale proteomics dataset for the study of PD-GBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meital Kupervaser
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alexandra Gabashvili
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tammar Joseph
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurogenerative Disease, UCL Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
- The Joseph Meyerhof Professor of Biochemistry at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Espinoza KS, Hermanson KN, Beard CA, Schwartz NU, Snider JM, Low BE, Wiles MV, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Snider AJ. A novel HSPB1 S139F mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106769. [PMID: 37625781 PMCID: PMC10843462 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is a commonly inherited peripheral polyneuropathy. Clinical manifestations for this disease include symmetrical distal polyneuropathy, altered deep tendon reflexes, distal sensory loss, foot deformities, and gait abnormalities. Genetic mutations in heat shock proteins have been linked to CMT2. Specifically, mutations in the heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) gene encoding for heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) have been linked to CMT2F and distal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2B (dHMSN2B) subtype. The goal of the study was to examine the role of an endogenous mutation in HSPB1 in vivo and to define the effects of this mutation on motor function and pathology in a novel animal model. As sphingolipids have been implicated in hereditary and sensory neuropathies, we examined sphingolipid metabolism in central and peripheral nervous tissues in 3-month-old HspS139F mice. Though sphingolipid levels were not altered in sciatic nerves from HspS139F mice, ceramides and deoxyceramides, as well as sphingomyelins (SMs) were elevated in brain tissues from HspS139F mice. Histology was utilized to further characterize HspS139F mice. HspS139F mice exhibited no alterations to the expression and phosphorylation of neurofilaments, or in the expression of acetylated α-tubulin in the brain or sciatic nerve. Interestingly, HspS139F mice demonstrated cerebellar demyelination. Locomotor function, grip strength and gait were examined to define the role of HspS139F in the clinical phenotypes associated with CMT2F. Gait analysis revealed no differences between HspWT and HspS139F mice. However, both coordination and grip strength were decreased in 3-month-old HspS139F mice. Together these data suggest that the endogenous S139F mutation in HSPB1 may serve as a mouse model for hereditary and sensory neuropathies such as CMT2F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keila S Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kyra N Hermanson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cameron A Beard
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nicholas U Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alizadeh J, da Silva Rosa SC, Weng X, Jacobs J, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Vitorino R, Pecic S, Zivkovic A, Stark H, Shojaei S, Ghavami S. Ceramides and ceramide synthases in cancer: Focus on apoptosis and autophagy. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151337. [PMID: 37392580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies corroborate a role for ceramide synthases and their downstream products, ceramides, in modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the context of cancer. These mechanisms of regulation, however, appear to be context dependent in terms of ceramides' fatty acid chain length, subcellular localization, and the presence or absence of their downstream targets. Our current understanding of the role of ceramide synthases and ceramides in regulation of apoptosis and autophagy could be harnessed to pioneer the development of new treatments to activate or inhibit a single type of ceramide synthase, thereby regulating the apoptosis induction or cross talk of apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Moreover, the apoptotic function of ceramide suggests that ceramide analogues can pave the way for the development of novel cancer treatments. Therefore, in the current review paper we discuss the impact of ceramide synthases and ceramides in regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in context of different types of cancers. We also briefly introduce the latest information on ceramide synthase inhibitors, their application in diseases including cancer therapy, and discuss approaches for drug discovery in the field of ceramide synthase inhibitors. We finally discussed strategies for developing strategies to use lipids and ceramides analysis in biological fluids for developing early biomarkers for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Simone C da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Weng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Joadi Jacobs
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rui Vitorino
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Aleksandra Zivkovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qian X, Srinivasan T, He J, Lu J, Jin Y, Gu H, Chen R. Ceramide compensation by ceramide synthases preserves retinal function and structure in a retinal dystrophy mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050168. [PMID: 37466006 PMCID: PMC10387349 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has supported the role of ceramide as a mediator of photoreceptor dysfunction or cell death in ceramide accumulation and deficiency contexts. TLCD3B, a non-canonical ceramide synthase, was previously identified in addition to the six canonical ceramide synthases (CerSs), and the Tlcd3b-/- mouse model exhibited both retinal dysfunction and degeneration. As previous canonical CerS-deficient mouse models failed to display retinal degeneration, the mechanisms of how TLCD3B interacts with CerSs have not been investigated. Additionally, as the ceramide profile of each CerS is distinct, it is unclear whether the overall level or the homeostasis of different ceramide species plays a critical role in photoreceptor degeneration. Interactions between TLCD3B with canonical CerSs expressed in the retina were examined by subretinally injecting recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 vectors containing the Cers2 (rAAV8-CerS2), Cers4 (rAAV8-CerS4) and Cers5 (rAAV8-CerS5) genes. Injection of all three rAAV8-CerS vectors restored retinal functions as indicated by improved electroretinogram responses, but only rAAV8-CerS5 successfully retained retinal morphology in Tlcd3b-/- mice. CerSs and TLCD3B played partially redundant roles. Additionally, rather than acting as an integral entity, different ceramide species had different impacts on retinal cells, suggesting that the maintenance of the overall ceramide profile is critical for retinal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qian
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Jiaxiong Lu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Teo JD, Marian OC, Spiteri AG, Nicholson M, Song H, Khor JXY, McEwen HP, Ge A, Sen MK, Piccio L, Fletcher JL, King NJC, Murray SS, Brüning JC, Don AS. Early microglial response, myelin deterioration and lethality in mice deficient for very long chain ceramide synthesis in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2023; 71:1120-1141. [PMID: 36583573 PMCID: PMC10952316 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer), sulfatide (ST) and sphingomyelin (SM) are essential for myelin stability and function. GalCer and ST are synthesized mostly from C22-C24 ceramides, generated by Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2). To clarify the requirement for C22-C24 sphingolipid synthesis in myelin biosynthesis and stability, we generated mice lacking CerS2 specifically in myelinating cells (CerS2ΔO/ΔO ). At 6 weeks of age, normal-appearing myelin had formed in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, however there was a reduction in myelin thickness and the percentage of myelinated axons. Pronounced loss of C22-C24 sphingolipids in myelin of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice was compensated by greatly increased levels of C18 sphingolipids. A distinct microglial population expressing high levels of activation and phagocytic markers such as CD64, CD11c, MHC class II, and CD68 was apparent at 6 weeks of age in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, and had increased by 10 weeks. Increased staining for denatured myelin basic protein was also apparent in 6-week-old CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice. By 16 weeks, CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice showed pronounced myelin atrophy, motor deficits, and axon beading, a hallmark of axon stress. 90% of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice died between 16 and 26 weeks of age. This study highlights the importance of sphingolipid acyl chain length for the structural integrity of myelin, demonstrating how a modest reduction in lipid chain length causes exposure of a denatured myelin protein epitope and expansion of phagocytic microglia, followed by axon pathology, myelin degeneration, and motor deficits. Understanding the molecular trigger for microglial activation should aid the development of therapeutics for demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Teo
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Oana C. Marian
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alanna G. Spiteri
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madeline Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Huitong Song
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jasmine X. Y. Khor
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Holly P. McEwen
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anjie Ge
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Monokesh K. Sen
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jessica L. Fletcher
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon S. Murray
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Anthony S. Don
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leal AF, Suarez DA, Echeverri-Peña OY, Albarracín SL, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica ÁJ. Sphingolipids and their role in health and disease in the central nervous system. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 85:100900. [PMID: 35870382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are lipids derived from sphingosine, and their metabolism involves a broad and complex network of reactions. Although SLs are widely distributed in the body, it is well known that they are present in high concentrations within the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, their abundance and distribution in the CNS depend on brain development and cell type. Consequently, SLs metabolism impairment may have a significant impact on the normal CNS function, and has been associated with several disorders, including sphingolipidoses, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. This review summarizes the main SLs characteristics and current knowledge about synthesis, catabolism, regulatory pathways, and their role in physiological and pathological scenarios in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Sonia Luz Albarracín
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| | - Ángela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Galvagnion C, Marlet FR, Cerri S, Schapira AHV, Blandini F, Di Monte DA. Sphingolipid changes in Parkinson L444P GBA mutation fibroblasts promote α-synuclein aggregation. Brain 2022; 145:1038-1051. [PMID: 35362022 PMCID: PMC9050548 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, mechanisms capable of promoting α-synuclein deposition bear important pathogenetic implications. Mutations of the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA) gene represent a prevalent Parkinson’s disease risk factor. They are associated with loss of activity of a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, glucocerebrosidase, supporting a mechanistic relationship between abnormal α-synuclein–lipid interactions and the development of Parkinson pathology. In this study, the lipid membrane composition of fibroblasts isolated from control subjects, patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson's disease patients carrying the L444P GBA mutation (PD-GBA) was assayed using shotgun lipidomics. The lipid profile of PD-GBA fibroblasts differed significantly from that of control and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease cells. It was characterized by an overall increase in sphingolipid levels. It also featured a significant increase in the proportion of ceramide, sphingomyelin and hexosylceramide molecules with shorter chain length and a decrease in the percentage of longer-chain sphingolipids. The extent of this shift was correlated to the degree of reduction of fibroblast glucocerebrosidase activity. Lipid extracts from control and PD-GBA fibroblasts were added to recombinant α-synuclein solutions. The kinetics of α-synuclein aggregation were significantly accelerated after addition of PD-GBA extracts as compared to control samples. Amyloid fibrils collected at the end of these incubations contained lipids, indicating α-synuclein–lipid co-assembly. Lipids extracted from α-synuclein fibrils were also analysed by shotgun lipidomics. Data revealed that the lipid content of these fibrils was significantly enriched by shorter-chain sphingolipids. In a final set of experiments, control and PD-GBA fibroblasts were incubated in the presence of the small molecule chaperone ambroxol. This treatment restored glucocerebrosidase activity and sphingolipid levels and composition of PD-GBA cells. It also reversed the pro-aggregation effect that lipid extracts from PD-GBA fibroblasts had on α-synuclein. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the L444P GBA mutation and consequent enzymatic loss are associated with a distinctly altered membrane lipid profile that provides a biological fingerprint of this mutation in Parkinson fibroblasts. This altered lipid profile could also be an indicator of increased risk for α-synuclein aggregate pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Galvagnion
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Frederik Ravnkilde Marlet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Donato A Di Monte
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun S, Cao X, Gao J. C24:0 avoids cold exposure-induced oxidative stress and fatty acid β-oxidation damage. iScience 2021; 24:103409. [PMID: 34849471 PMCID: PMC8607208 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures can cause severe growth inhibition and mortality in fish. Previous studies about the cold resistance of fish mainly focused on the role of unsaturated fatty acids, rather than saturated fatty acids (SFAs). In this study, the role of very-long-chain SFA synthetized by fatty acyl elongase 1 gene (elovl1) in cold resistance was explored. Both an aggravated liver oxidative stress and a mitochondrial metabolism disorder were observed in elovl1a–/– and elovl1b–/– zebrafish with cold stress. In vitro studies confirmed that high levels of C20:0 and C22:0 obviously increased the hepatocyte oxidative stress and activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway to further induce apoptosis and inflammation. We further demonstrated that C24:0 could promote mitochondrial β-oxidation to improve the cold resistance of zebrafish. Overall, our results define a positive role of C24:0 fatty acids synthetized by elovl1 in the cold resistance of fish. elovl1, closely associated with C24:0, was activated in ZFL cells with cold stress C20:0 and C22:0 induced Erk1/2 expression and apoptosis to impair cold tolerance This study showed the positive role of C24:0 in the cold resistance of fish
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouxiang Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ozaki K, Irioka T, Uchihara T, Yamada A, Nakamura A, Majima T, Igarashi S, Shintaku H, Yakeishi M, Tsuura Y, Okazaki Y, Ishikawa K, Yokota T. Neuropathology of SCA34 showing widespread oligodendroglial pathology with vacuolar white matter degeneration: a case study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:172. [PMID: 34689836 PMCID: PMC8543940 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 (SCA34) is an autosomal dominant inherited ataxia due to mutations in ELOVL4, which encodes one of the very long-chain fatty acid elongases. SCA38, another spinocerebellar ataxia, is caused by mutations in ELOVL5, a gene encoding another elongase. However, there have been no previous studies describing the neuropathology of either SCA34 or 38. This report describes the neuropathological findings of an 83-year-old man with SCA34 carrying a pathological ELOVL4 mutation (NM_022726, c.736T>G, p.W246G). Macroscopic findings include atrophies in the pontine base, cerebellum, and cerebral cortices. Microscopically, marked neuronal and pontocerebellar fiber loss was observed in the pontine base. In addition, in the pontine base, accumulation of CD68-positive macrophages laden with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material was observed. Many vacuolar lesions were found in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and, to a lesser extent, in the brainstem and spinal cord white matter. Immunohistological examination and ultrastructural observations with an electron microscope suggest that these vacuolar lesions are remnants of degenerated oligodendrocytes. Electron microscopy also revealed myelin sheath destruction. Unexpectedly, aggregation of the four-repeat tau was observed in a spatial pattern reminiscent of progressive supranuclear palsy. The tau lesions included glial fibrillary tangles resembling tuft-shaped astrocytes and neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles. This is the first report to illustrate that a heterozygous missense mutation in ELOVL4 leads to neuronal loss accompanied by macrophages laden with PAS-positive material in the pontine base and oligodendroglial degeneration leading to widespread vacuoles in the white matter in SCA34.
Collapse
|
13
|
Blomqvist M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Månsson JE. Sulfatide in health and disease. The evaluation of sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid as a possible biomarker for neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 116:103670. [PMID: 34562592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4) is a glycosphingolipid, highly multifunctional and particularly enriched in the myelin sheath of neurons. The role of sulfatide has been implicated in various biological fields such as the nervous system, immune system, host-pathogen recognition and infection, beta cell function and haemostasis/thrombosis. Thus, alterations in sulfatide metabolism and production are associated with several human diseases such as neurological and immunological disorders and cancers. The unique lipid-rich composition of myelin reflects the importance of lipids in this specific membrane structure. Sulfatide has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and in the maintenance of the myelin sheath by influencing membrane dynamics involving sorting and lateral assembly of myelin proteins as well as ion channels. Sulfatide is furthermore essential for proper formation of the axo-glial junctions at the paranode together with axonal glycosphingolipids. Alterations in sulfatide metabolism are suggested to contribute to myelin deterioration as well as synaptic dysfunction, neurological decline and inflammation observed in different conditions associated with myelin pathology (mouse models and human disorders). Body fluid biomarkers are of importance for clinical diagnostics as well as for patient stratification in clinical trials and treatment monitoring. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly used as an indirect measure of brain metabolism and analysis of CSF sulfatide might provide information regarding whether the lipid disruption observed in neurodegenerative disorders is reflected in this body fluid. In this review, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of CSF sulfatide as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders associated with dysmyelination/demyelination by summarising the current literature on this topic. We can conclude that neither CSF sulfatide levels nor individual sulfatide species consistently reflect the lipid disruption observed in many of the demyelinating disorders. One exception is the lysosomal storage disorder metachromatic leukodystrophy, possibly due to the genetically determined accumulation of non-metabolised sulfatide. We also discuss possible explanations as to why myelin pathology in brain tissue is poorly reflected by the CSF sulfatide concentration. The previous suggestion that CSF sulfatide is a marker of myelin damage has thereby been challenged by more recent studies using more sophisticated laboratory techniques for sulfatide analysis as well as improved sample selection criteria due to increased knowledge on disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Babcock MC, Mikulka CR, Wang B, Chandriani S, Chandra S, Xu Y, Webster K, Feng Y, Nelvagal HR, Giaramita A, Yip BK, Lo M, Jiang X, Chao Q, Woloszynek JC, Shen Y, Bhagwat S, Sands MS, Crawford BE. Substrate reduction therapy for Krabbe disease and metachromatic leukodystrophy using a novel ceramide galactosyltransferase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14486. [PMID: 34262084 PMCID: PMC8280112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) are caused by accumulation of the glycolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer) and sulfatide and their toxic metabolites psychosine and lysosulfatide, respectively. We discovered a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor (S202) of ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT), the key enzyme for GalCer biosynthesis, and characterized its use as substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Treating a KD mouse model with S202 dose-dependently reduced GalCer and psychosine in the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems and significantly increased lifespan. Similarly, treating an MLD mouse model decreased sulfatides and lysosulfatide levels. Interestingly, lower doses of S202 partially inhibited CGT and selectively reduced synthesis of non-hydroxylated forms of GalCer and sulfatide, which appear to be the primary source of psychosine and lysosulfatide. Higher doses of S202 more completely inhibited CGT and reduced the levels of both non-hydroxylated and hydroxylated forms of GalCer and sulfatide. Despite the significant benefits observed in murine models of KD and MLD, chronic CGT inhibition negatively impacted both the CNS and PNS of wild-type mice. Therefore, further studies are necessary to elucidate the full therapeutic potential of CGT inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Babcock
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Christina R Mikulka
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Sanjay Chandriani
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Sundeep Chandra
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Yue Xu
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Katherine Webster
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Ying Feng
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Hemanth R Nelvagal
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alex Giaramita
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Bryan K Yip
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Melanie Lo
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qi Chao
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Josh C Woloszynek
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Yuqiao Shen
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Shripad Bhagwat
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brett E Crawford
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lyu L, Sonik N, Bhattacharya S. An overview of lipidomics utilizing cadaver derived biological samples. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:453-461. [PMID: 34130579 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1941894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present lipidomic studies that have utilized cadaveric biological samples, including tissues and bodily fluids (excluding blood or serum). Analyses of lipids from cadaveric-derived tissues play vital roles in many different fields, such as in anthropogeny to understand food habits of ancient people, in forensics for postmortem analyses, and in biomedical research to study human diseases. AREAS COVERED The goal of the review is to demonstrate how cadavers can be utilized for study of lipidome to get biological insight in different fields. Several important considerations need to be made when analyzing lipids from cadaver samples. For example, what important postmortem changes occur due to environmental or other intrinsic factors that introduce deviations in the observed differences versus true differences? Do these factors affect distinct classes of lipids differently? How do we arrive at a reasonable level of certainty that the observed differences are truly biological rather than artifacts of sample collection, changes during transportation, or variations in analytical procedures? These are pressing questions that need to be addressed when performing lipidomics investigations utilizing postmortem tissues, which inherently presents hurdles and unknowns beginning with harvesting methods, transportation logistics, and at analytical techniques. In our review, we have purposefully omitted blood and serum studies since they pose greater challenges in this regard. Several studies have been carried out with cadaveric tissues and fluids that support the successful use of cases of these samples; however, many control studies are still necessary to provide insight into full potential of the cadaveric tissue and fluid resources. Most importantly, additional control studies will allow us to gain important insights into the opportunities lipidomics presents for biomedical studies of complex human disease and disorders. Another goal of the review is to generate awareness about limitations and pitfalls of use of cadaver materials for study of lipidome. EXPERT OPINION We comment on the current state of lipidomics studies that utilize cadaveric tissues, provide a few pertinent examples, and discuss perspectives on both future technological directions and the applications they will enable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luheng Lyu
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Master's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Neel Sonik
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Master's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Master's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mah M, Febbraio M, Turpin-Nolan S. Circulating Ceramides- Are Origins Important for Sphingolipid Biomarkers and Treatments? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:684448. [PMID: 34385976 PMCID: PMC8353232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.684448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools for describing the adequacy or inadequacy of biological processes (to allow for the early and accurate diagnosis) and monitoring the biological effects of intervention strategies (to identify and develop optimal dose and treatment strategies). A number of lipid biomarkers are implicated in metabolic disease and the circulating levels of these biomarkers are used in clinical settings to predict and monitor disease severity. There is convincing evidence that specific circulating ceramide species can be used as biological predictors and markers of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the existing literature that investigated sphingolipids as biomarkers for metabolic disease prediction. What are the advantages and disadvantages? Are circulating ceramides predominantly produced in the liver? Will hepatic sphingolipid inhibitors be able to completely prevent and treat metabolic disease? As sphingolipids are being employed as biomarkers and potential metabolic disease treatments, we explore what is currently known and what still needs to be discovered.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wrapping axons in mammals and Drosophila: Different lipids, same principle. Biochimie 2020; 178:39-48. [PMID: 32800899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes of axon-wrapping glial cells develop specific cylindrical bilayer membranes that surround thin individual axons or axon bundles. Axons are wrapped with single layered glial cells in lower organisms whereas in the mammalian nervous system, axons are surrounded with a characteristic complex multilamellar myelin structure. The high content of lipids in myelin suggests that lipids play crucial roles in the structure and function of myelin. The most striking feature of myelin lipids is the high content of galactosylceramide (GalCer). Serological and genetic studies indicate that GalCer plays a key role in the formation and function of the myelin sheath in mammals. In contrast to mammals, Drosophila lacks GalCer. Instead of GalCer, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) has an important role to ensheath axons with glial cells in Drosophila. GalCer and CPE share similar physical properties: both lipids have a high phase transition temperature and high packing, are immiscible with cholesterol and form helical liposomes. These properties are caused by both the strong headgroup interactions and the tight packing resulting from the small size of the headgroup and the hydrogen bonds between lipid molecules. These results suggest that mammals and Drosophila wrap axons using different lipids but the same conserved principle.
Collapse
|
18
|
Davis DL, Mahawar U, Pope VS, Allegood J, Sato-Bigbee C, Wattenberg BW. Dynamics of sphingolipids and the serine palmitoyltransferase complex in rat oligodendrocytes during myelination. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:505-522. [PMID: 32041816 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a unique lipid-rich membrane structure that accelerates neurotransmission and supports neuronal function. Sphingolipids are critical myelin components. Yet sphingolipid content and synthesis have not been well characterized in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS. Here, using quantitative real-time PCR, LC-MS/MS-based lipid analysis, and biochemical assays, we examined sphingolipid synthesis during the peak period of myelination in the postnatal rat brain. Importantly, we characterized sphingolipid production in isolated oligodendrocytes. We analyzed sphingolipid distribution and levels of critical enzymes and regulators in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, with focus on the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex, the rate-limiting step in this pathway. During myelination, levels of the major SPT subunits increased and oligodendrocyte maturation was accompanied by extensive alterations in the composition of the SPT complex. These included changes in the relative levels of two alternative catalytic subunits, SPTLC2 and -3, in the relative levels of isoforms of the small subunits, ssSPTa and -b, and in the isoform distribution of the SPT regulators, the ORMDLs. Myelination progression was accompanied by distinct changes in both the nature of the sphingoid backbone and the N-acyl chains incorporated into sphingolipids. We conclude that the distribution of these changes among sphingolipid family members is indicative of a selective channeling of the ceramide backbone toward specific downstream metabolic pathways during myelination. Our findings provide insights into myelin production in oligodendrocytes and suggest how dysregulation of the biosynthesis of this highly specialized membrane could contribute to demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Usha Mahawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Victoria S Pope
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Binks W Wattenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crivelli SM, Giovagnoni C, Visseren L, Scheithauer AL, de Wit N, den Hoedt S, Losen M, Mulder MT, Walter J, de Vries HE, Bieberich E, Martinez-Martinez P. Sphingolipids in Alzheimer's disease, how can we target them? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:214-231. [PMID: 31911096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered levels of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the brain, and the related downstream effects on neuronal homeostasis and the immune system, provide a framework for understanding mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and for developing new intervention strategies. In this review we will discuss: the metabolites of sphingolipids that function as second messengers; and functional aberrations of the pathway resulting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Focusing on the central product of the sphingolipid pathway ceramide, we describ approaches to pharmacologically decrease ceramide levels in the brain and we argue on how the sphingolipid pathway may represent a new framework for developing novel intervention strategies in AD. We also highlight the possible use of clinical and non-clinical drugs to modulate the sphingolipid pathway and sphingolipid-related biological cascades.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tosetti B, Brodesser S, Brunn A, Deckert M, Blüher M, Doehner W, Anker SD, Wenzel D, Fleischmann B, Pongratz C, Peters F, Utermöhlen O, Krönke M. A tissue-specific screen of ceramide expression in aged mice identifies ceramide synthase-1 and ceramide synthase-5 as potential regulators of fiber size and strength in skeletal muscle. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13049. [PMID: 31692231 PMCID: PMC6974707 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass is one of the most widespread and deleterious processes in aging humans. However, the mechanistic metabolic principles remain poorly understood. In the framework of a multi‐organ investigation of age‐associated changes of ceramide species, a unique and distinctive change pattern of C16:0 and C18:0 ceramide species was detected in aged skeletal muscle. Consistently, the expression of CerS1 and CerS5 mRNA, encoding the ceramide synthases (CerS) with substrate preference for C16:0 and C18:0 acyl chains, respectively, was down‐regulated in skeletal muscle of aged mice. Similarly, an age‐dependent decline of both CerS1 and CerS5 mRNA expression was observed in skeletal muscle biopsies of humans. Moreover, CerS1 and CerS5 mRNA expression was also reduced in muscle biopsies from patients in advanced stage of chronic heart failure (CHF) suffering from muscle wasting and frailty. The possible impact of CerS1 and CerS5 on muscle function was addressed by reversed genetic analysis using CerS1Δ/Δ and CerS5Δ/Δ knockout mice. Skeletal muscle from mice deficient of either CerS1 or CerS5 showed reduced caliber sizes of both slow (type 1) and fast (type 2) muscle fibers, fiber grouping, and fiber switch to type 1 fibers. Moreover, CerS1‐ and CerS5‐deficient mice exhibited reduced twitch and tetanus forces of musculus extensor digitorum longus. The findings of this study link CerS1 and CerS5 to histopathological changes and functional impairment of skeletal muscle in mice that might also play a functional role for the aging skeletal muscle and for age‐related muscle wasting disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Tosetti
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cologne Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cologne Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Department of Neuropathology Faculty of Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Department of Neuropathology Faculty of Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Department of Cardiology (Campus Virchow Klinikum) German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Berlin Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Department of Cardiology (Campus Virchow Klinikum) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I Medical Faculty University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Bernd Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I Medical Faculty University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Carola Pongratz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cologne Germany
| | - Franziska Peters
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cologne Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Cologne Germany
| | - Martin Krönke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sen NE, Arsovic A, Meierhofer D, Brodesser S, Oberschmidt C, Canet-Pons J, Kaya ZE, Halbach MV, Gispert S, Sandhoff K, Auburger G. In Human and Mouse Spino-Cerebellar Tissue, Ataxin-2 Expansion Affects Ceramide-Sphingomyelin Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5854. [PMID: 31766565 PMCID: PMC6928749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxin-2 (human gene symbol ATXN2) acts during stress responses, modulating mRNA translation and nutrient metabolism. Ataxin-2 knockout mice exhibit progressive obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Conversely, the progressive ATXN2 gain of function due to the fact of polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions leads to a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative process named spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) with early adipose tissue loss and late muscle atrophy. We tried to understand lipid dysregulation in a SCA2 patient brain and in an authentic mouse model. Thin layer chromatography of a patient cerebellum was compared to the lipid metabolome of Atxn2-CAG100-Knockin (KIN) mouse spinocerebellar tissue. The human pathology caused deficits of sulfatide, galactosylceramide, cholesterol, C22/24-sphingomyelin, and gangliosides GM1a/GD1b despite quite normal levels of C18-sphingomyelin. Cerebellum and spinal cord from the KIN mouse showed a consistent decrease of various ceramides with a significant elevation of sphingosine in the more severely affected spinal cord. Deficiency of C24/26-sphingomyelins contrasted with excess C18/20-sphingomyelin. Spinocerebellar expression profiling revealed consistent reductions of CERS protein isoforms, Sptlc2 and Smpd3, but upregulation of Cers2 mRNA, as prominent anomalies in the ceramide-sphingosine metabolism. Reduction of Asah2 mRNA correlated to deficient S1P levels. In addition, downregulations for the elongase Elovl1, Elovl4, Elovl5 mRNAs and ELOVL4 protein explain the deficit of very long-chain sphingomyelin. Reduced ASMase protein levels correlated to the accumulation of long-chain sphingomyelin. Overall, a deficit of myelin lipids was prominent in SCA2 nervous tissue at prefinal stage and not compensated by transcriptional adaptation of several metabolic enzymes. Myelination is controlled by mTORC1 signals; thus, our human and murine observations are in agreement with the known role of ATXN2 yeast, nematode, and mouse orthologs as mTORC1 inhibitors and autophagy promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesli-Ece Sen
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Arsovic
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Carola Oberschmidt
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Júlia Canet-Pons
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Zeynep-Ece Kaya
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
- Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melanie-Vanessa Halbach
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Building 89, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.-E.S.); (A.A.); (C.O.); (J.C.-P.); (Z.-E.K.); (M.-V.H.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Couttas TA, Kain N, Tran C, Chatterton Z, Kwok JB, Don AS. Age-Dependent Changes to Sphingolipid Balance in the Human Hippocampus are Gender-Specific and May Sensitize to Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:503-514. [PMID: 29660940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is aging. The major genetic risk factor for AD is the ɛ4 allele of the APOE gene, encoding the brain's major lipid transport protein, apolipoprotein E (ApoE). The research community is yet to decipher why the ApoE4 variant pre-disposes to AD, and how aging causes the disease. Studies have shown deregulated levels of sphingolipids, including decreased levels of the neuroprotective signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and increased ceramide content, in brain tissue and serum of people with pre-clinical or very early AD. In this study we investigated whether sphingolipid levels are affected as a function of age or APOE genotype, in the hippocampus of neurologically normal subjects over the age of 65. Lipids were quantified in 80 postmortem tissue samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sphingolipid levels were not significantly affected by the presence of one ɛ4 or ɛ2 allele. However, ceramide, sphingomyelin, and sulfatide content was very significantly correlated with age in the hippocampus of males. On the other hand, S1P, normalized to its non-phosphorylated precursor sphingosine, was inversely correlated with age in females. Our results therefore establish gender-specific differences in sphingolipid metabolism in the aging human brain. Ceramide is a pro-apoptotic lipid, and heavily implicated as a driver of insulin resistance in metabolic tissues. S1P is a neuroprotective lipid that supports glutamatergic neurotransmission. Increasing ceramide and decreasing S1P levels may contribute significantly to a pro-neurodegenerative phenotype in the aging brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Couttas
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nupur Kain
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zac Chatterton
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zelnik ID, Rozman B, Rosenfeld-Gur E, Ben-Dor S, Futerman AH. A Stroll Down the CerS Lane. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1159:49-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21162-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
24
|
A selective inhibitor of ceramide synthase 1 reveals a novel role in fat metabolism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3165. [PMID: 30131496 PMCID: PMC6104039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific forms of the lipid ceramide, synthesized by the ceramide synthase enzyme family, are believed to regulate metabolic physiology. Genetic mouse models have established C16 ceramide as a driver of insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissue. C18 ceramide, synthesized by ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1), is abundant in skeletal muscle and suggested to promote insulin resistance in humans. We herein describe the first isoform-specific ceramide synthase inhibitor, P053, which inhibits CerS1 with nanomolar potency. Lipidomic profiling shows that P053 is highly selective for CerS1. Daily P053 administration to mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and impedes increases in muscle triglycerides and adiposity, but does not protect against HFD-induced insulin resistance. Our inhibitor therefore allowed us to define a role for CerS1 as an endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in muscle and regulator of whole-body adiposity. Ceramides are signalling molecules that regulate several physiological functions including insulin sensitivity. Here the authors report a selective ceramide synthase 1 inhibitor that counteracts lipid accumulation within the muscle and adiposity by increasing fatty acid oxidation but without affecting insulin sensitivity in mice fed with an obesogenic diet.
Collapse
|
25
|
Olsen ASB, Færgeman NJ. Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170069. [PMID: 28566300 PMCID: PMC5451547 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdomains in the plasma membrane. The significance of such compartmentalization spans broadly from being involved in differentiation of neurons and synaptic transmission to neuronal–glial interactions and myelin stability. Thus, perturbations of the sphingolipid metabolism can lead to rearrangements in the plasma membrane, which has been linked to the development of various neurological diseases. Studying microdomains and their functions has for a long time been synonymous with studying the role of cholesterol. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that microdomains are very heterogeneous, which among others can be ascribed to the vast number of sphingolipids. In this review, we discuss the importance of microdomains with emphasis on sphingolipids in brain development and function as well as how disruption of the sphingolipid metabolism (and hence microdomains) contributes to the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne S B Olsen
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, which are abundant in mammalian brain tissue. Several fatal human diseases are caused by defects in glycolipid metabolism. Defects in their degradation lead to an accumulation of metabolites upstream of the defective reactions, whereas defects in their biosynthesis lead to diverse problems in a large number of organs.Gangliosides are primarily positioned with their ceramide anchor in the neuronal plasma membrane and the glycan head group exposed on the cell surface. Their biosynthesis starts in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of the ceramide anchor, followed by sequential glycosylation reactions, mainly at the luminal surface of Golgi and TGN membranes, a combinatorial process, which is catalyzed by often promiscuous membrane-bound glycosyltransferases.Thereafter, the gangliosides are transported to the plasma membrane by exocytotic membrane flow. After endocytosis, they are degraded within the endolysosomal compartments by a complex machinery of degrading enzymes, lipid-binding activator proteins, and negatively charged lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Honke K. Biological functions of sulfoglycolipids and the EMARS method for identification of co-clustered molecules in the membrane microdomains. J Biochem 2017; 163:253-263. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saroha A, Pewzner-Jung Y, Ferreira NS, Sharma P, Jouan Y, Kelly SL, Feldmesser E, Merrill AH, Trottein F, Paget C, Lang KS, Futerman AH. Critical Role for Very-Long Chain Sphingolipids in Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Development and Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1386. [PMID: 29163475 PMCID: PMC5672022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sphingolipids (SLs) in the immune system has come under increasing scrutiny recently due to the emerging contributions that these important membrane components play in regulating a variety of immunological processes. The acyl chain length of SLs appears particularly critical in determining SL function. Here, we show a role for very-long acyl chain SLs (VLC-SLs) in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell maturation in the thymus and homeostasis in the liver. Ceramide synthase 2-null mice, which lack VLC-SLs, were susceptible to a hepatotropic strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which is due to a reduction in the number of iNKT cells. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that hematopoietic-derived VLC-SLs are essential for maturation of iNKT cells in the thymus, whereas parenchymal-derived VLC-SLs are crucial for iNKT cell survival and maintenance in the liver. Our findings suggest a critical role for VLC-SL in iNKT cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Saroha
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalia S Ferreira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Samuel L Kelly
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France.,Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karl S Lang
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin H, Wang C, Gu D, Zhang Y, Fan S, Xing S, Wang H, Ruan H, Yang C, Lv Y, Feng H, Yao M, Qin W. Liver-specific deletion of LASS2 delayed regeneration of mouse liver after partial hepatectomy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1176-1183. [PMID: 28958935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of liver regeneration is critical for patients with liver diseases. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration are still incompletely defined. Here, we assessed roles of LASS2 in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PHx) in mice. Our results showed that protein level of LASS2 remarkably increased during liver regeneration after PHx in wildtype (WT) mice. Comparing to WT mice, liver regeneration index after PHx was significantly decreased from day 1 to day 5 in liver-specific LASS2 knockout (LASS2-LKO) mice. Interestingly, liver mass of LASS2-LKO mice could sufficiently recover at day 14 after PHx. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analyses revealed that proliferation markers, such as PCNA and Ki67, were potently reduced during liver regeneration in LASS2-LKO mice. In addition, several cell cycle related molecules, such as cyclin A, CDK2 and p-Rb, were decreased in LASS2-LKO mice after PHx. Co-immunoprecipitation assay further revealed a decreased formation of CDK4/cyclin D1 complex after PHx in LASS2-LKO mice. However, phosphorylation of Akt was significantly activated from day 2 after PHx in LASS2-LKO mice when compared with that in WT mice, which may explain the recovery of liver mass at the late stage of liver regeneration in LASS2-LKO mice. Taken together, we conclude that LASS2 plays an important role in efficient liver regeneration in response to PHx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dishui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunpeng Xing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haoyu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hugang Feng
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sawai M, Uchida Y, Ohno Y, Miyamoto M, Nishioka C, Itohara S, Sassa T, Kihara A. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15538-15551. [PMID: 28784662 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences among fatty acids (FAs) in chain length and number of double bonds create lipid diversity. FA elongation proceeds via a four-step reaction cycle, in which the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases (HACDs) HACD1-4 catalyze the third step. However, the contribution of each HACD to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity in certain tissues or in different FA elongation pathways remains unclear. HACD1 is specifically expressed in muscles and is a myopathy-causative gene. Here, we generated Hacd1 KO mice and observed that these mice had reduced body and skeletal muscle weights. In skeletal muscle, HACD1 mRNA expression was by far the highest among the HACDs However, we observed only an ∼40% reduction in HACD activity and no changes in membrane lipid composition in Hacd1-KO skeletal muscle, suggesting that some HACD activities are redundant. Moreover, when expressed in yeast, both HACD1 and HACD2 participated in saturated and monounsaturated FA elongation pathways. Disruption of HACD2 in the haploid human cell line HAP1 significantly reduced FA elongation activities toward both saturated and unsaturated FAs, and HACD1 HACD2 double disruption resulted in a further reduction. Overexpressed HACD3 exhibited weak activity in saturated and monounsaturated FA elongation pathways, and no activity was detected for HACD4. We therefore conclude that HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit redundant activities in a wide range of FA elongation pathways, including those for saturated to polyunsaturated FAs, with HACD2 being the major 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase. Our findings are important for furthering the understanding of the molecular mechanisms in FA elongation and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sawai
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yukiko Uchida
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Chieko Nishioka
- the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Sassa
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| | - Akio Kihara
- From the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812 and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim YR, Volpert G, Shin KO, Kim SY, Shin SH, Lee Y, Sung SH, Lee YM, Ahn JH, Pewzner-Jung Y, Park WJ, Futerman AH, Park JW. Ablation of ceramide synthase 2 exacerbates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in mice due to increased intestinal permeability. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3565-3578. [PMID: 28699686 PMCID: PMC5706577 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides mediate crucial cellular processes including cell death and inflammation and have recently been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. Ceramides consist of a sphingoid long-chain base to which fatty acids of various length can be attached. We now investigate the effect of alerting the ceramide acyl chain length on a mouse model of colitis. Ceramide synthase (CerS) 2 null mice, which lack very-long acyl chain ceramides with concomitant increase of long chain bases and C16-ceramides, were more susceptible to dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis, and their survival rate was markedly decreased compared with that of wild-type littermates. Using mixed bone-marrow chimeric mice, we showed that the host environment is primarily responsible for intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased intestinal permeability. In the colon of CerS2 null mice, the expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A was markedly decreased and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 was increased. In vitro experiments using Caco-2 cells also confirmed an important role of CerS2 in maintaining epithelial barrier function; CerS2-knockdown via CRISPR-Cas9 technology impaired barrier function. In vivo myriocin administration, which normalized long-chain bases and C16-ceramides of the colon of CerS2 null mice, increased intestinal permeability as measured by serum FITC-dextran levels, indicating that altered SLs including deficiency of very-long-chain ceramides are critical for epithelial barrier function. In conclusion, deficiency of CerS2 influences intestinal barrier function and the severity of experimental colitis and may represent a potential mechanism for inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ryung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Giora Volpert
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chongju, South Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghay Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Sung
- Department of pathology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chongju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Boggs JM. Early glycolipid (POA) in pro-oligodendroblasts revealed to be sulfatide. J Neurochem 2016; 140:356-358. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan M. Boggs
- Department of Molecular Structure and Function; Research Institute; Hospital for Sick Children; Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chromosomal microarray analysis in clinical evaluation of neurodevelopmental disorders-reporting a novel deletion of SETDB1 and illustration of counseling challenge. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:371-81. [PMID: 27119313 PMCID: PMC5382808 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenicity of copy number variations (CNV) in neurodevelopmental disorders is supported by research literature. However, few studies have evaluated the utility and counseling challenges of CNV analysis in clinic. METHODS We analyzed the findings of CNV studies from a cohort referred for genetics evaluation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental disability (DD), and intellectual disability (ID). RESULTS Twenty-two CNV in 21 out of 115 probands are considered to be pathogenic (18.3%). Five CNV are likely pathogenic and 22 CNV are variants of unknown significance (VUS). We have found seven cases with more than two CNV and two with a complex rearrangement of the 22q13.3 Phelan-McDermid syndrome region. We identified a new and de novo 1q21.3 deletion that encompasses SETDB1, a gene encoding methylates histone H3 on lysine-9 (H3K9) methyltransferase, in a case with ASD. CONCLUSION We provide evidence to support the value of CNV analysis in etiological evaluation of neurodevelopmental disorders in autism genetics clinic. However, interpretation of the clinical significance and counseling families are still challenging because of the variable penetrance and pleotropic expressivity of CNV. In addition, the identification of a 1q21.3 deletion encompassing SETDB1 provides further support for the role of chromatin modifiers in the etiology of ASD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Brüggen B, Kremser C, Bickert A, Ebel P, Vom Dorp K, Schultz K, Dörmann P, Willecke K, Dedek K. Defective ceramide synthases in mice cause reduced amplitudes in electroretinograms and altered sphingolipid composition in retina and cornea. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1700-13. [PMID: 27086873 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Complex sphingolipids are strongly expressed in neuronal tissue and contain ceramides in their backbone. Ceramides are synthesized by six ceramide synthases (CerS1-6). Although it is known that each tissue has a unique profile of ceramide synthase expression and ceramide synthases are implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, the expression of ceramide synthase isoforms has not been investigated in the retina. Here we demonstrate CerS1, CerS2 and CerS4 expression in mouse retina and cornea, with CerS4 ubiquitously expressed in all retinal neurons and Müller cells. To test whether ceramide synthase deficiency affects retinal function, we compared electroretinograms and retina morphology between wild-type and CerS1-, CerS2- and CerS4-deficient mice. Electroretinograms were strongly reduced in amplitude in ceramide synthase-deficient mice, suggesting that signalling in the outer retina is affected. However, the number of photoreceptors and cone outer segment length were unaltered and no changes in retinal layer thickness or synaptic structures were found. Mass spectrometric analyses of ceramides, hexosyl-ceramides and sphingomyelins showed that C20 to C24 acyl-containing species were decreased whereas C16-containing species were increased in the retina of ceramide synthase-deficient mice. Similar but smaller changes were also found in the cornea. Thus, we hypothesize that the replacement of very long-chain fatty acyl residues by shorter C16 residues may affect the electrical properties of retina and cornea, and alter receptor-mediated signal transduction, vesicle-mediated synaptic transmission or corneal light transmission. Future studies need to identify the molecular targets of ceramides or derived sphingolipids in light signal transduction and transmission in the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Brüggen
- Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Bickert
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Ebel
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Schultz
- Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Dedek
- Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kihara A. Synthesis and degradation pathways, functions, and pathology of ceramides and epidermal acylceramides. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:50-69. [PMID: 27107674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide (Cer) is a structural backbone of sphingolipids and is composed of a long-chain base and a fatty acid. Existence of a variety of Cer species, which differ in chain-length, hydroxylation status, and/or double bond number of either of their hydrophobic chains, has been reported. Ceramide is produced by Cer synthases. Mammals have six Cer synthases (CERS1-6), each of which exhibits characteristic substrate specificity toward acyl-CoAs with different chain-lengths. Knockout mice for each Cer synthase show corresponding, isozyme-specific phenotypes, revealing the functional differences of Cers with different chain-lengths. Cer diversity is especially prominent in epidermis. Changes in Cer levels, composition, and chain-lengths are associated with atopic dermatitis. Acylceramide (acyl-Cer) specifically exists in epidermis and plays an essential role in skin permeability barrier formation. Accordingly, defects in acyl-Cer synthesis cause the cutaneous disorder ichthyosis with accompanying severe skin barrier defects. Although the molecular mechanism by which acyl-Cer is generated was long unclear, most genes involved in its synthesis have been identified recently. In Cer degradation pathways, the long-chain base moiety of Cer is converted to acyl-CoA, which is then incorporated mainly into glycerophospholipids. This pathway generates the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the synthesis and degradation pathways, physiological functions, and pathology of Cers/acyl-Cers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-choume, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Couttas TA, Kain N, Suchowerska AK, Quek LE, Turner N, Fath T, Garner B, Don AS. Loss of ceramide synthase 2 activity, necessary for myelin biosynthesis, precedes tau pathology in the cortical pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:89-100. [PMID: 27255818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical progression of neurofibrillary tangle pathology throughout Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis runs inverse to the pattern of developmental myelination, with the disease preferentially affecting thinly myelinated regions. Myelin is comprised 80% of lipids, and the prototypical myelin lipids, galactosylceramide, and sulfatide are critical for neurological function. We observed severe depletion of galactosylceramide and sulfatide in AD brain tissue, which can be traced metabolically to the loss of their biosynthetic precursor, very long chain ceramide. The synthesis of very long chain ceramides is catalyzed by ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2). We demonstrate a significant reduction in CERS2 activity as early as Braak stage I/II in temporal cortex, and Braak stage III/IV in hippocampus and frontal cortex, indicating that loss of myelin-specific ceramide synthase activity precedes neurofibrillary tangle pathology in cortical regions. These findings open a new vista on AD pathogenesis by demonstrating a defect in myelin lipid biosynthesis at the preclinical stages of the disease. We posit that, over time, this defect contributes significantly to myelin deterioration, synaptic dysfunction, and neurological decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Couttas
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nupur Kain
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Suchowerska
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bienias K, Fiedorowicz A, Sadowska A, Prokopiuk S, Car H. Regulation of sphingomyelin metabolism. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:570-81. [PMID: 26940196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SFs) represent a large class of lipids playing diverse functions in a vast number of physiological and pathological processes. Sphingomyelin (SM) is the most abundant SF in the cell, with ubiquitous distribution within mammalian tissues, and particularly high levels in the Central Nervous System (CNS). SM is an essential element of plasma membrane (PM) and its levels are crucial for the cell function. SM content in a cell is strictly regulated by the enzymes of SM metabolic pathways, which activities create a balance between SM synthesis and degradation. The de novo synthesis via SM synthases (SMSs) in the last step of the multi-stage process is the most important pathway of SM formation in a cell. The SM hydrolysis by sphingomyelinases (SMases) increases the concentration of ceramide (Cer), a bioactive molecule, which is involved in cellular proliferation, growth and apoptosis. By controlling the levels of SM and Cer, SMSs and SMases maintain cellular homeostasis. Enzymes of SM cycle exhibit unique properties and diverse tissue distribution. Disturbances in their activities were observed in many CNS pathologies. This review characterizes the physiological roles of SM and enzymes controlling SM levels as well as their involvement in selected pathologies of the Central Nervous System, such as ischemia/hypoxia, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), depression, schizophrenia and Niemann Pick disease (NPD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bienias
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland; Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Prokopiuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sugimoto M, Shimizu Y, Yoshioka T, Wakabayashi M, Tanaka Y, Higashino K, Numata Y, Sakai S, Kihara A, Igarashi Y, Kuge Y. Histological analyses by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry reveal differential localization of sphingomyelin molecular species regulated by particular ceramide synthase in mouse brains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1554-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
39
|
Park WJ, Brenner O, Kogot-Levin A, Saada A, Merrill AH, Pewzner-Jung Y, Futerman AH. Development of pheochromocytoma in ceramide synthase 2 null mice. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:623-32. [PMID: 26113602 PMCID: PMC5586043 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia, for which mutations in ∼15 disease-associated genes have been identified. We now document the role of an additional gene in mice, the ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) gene. CerS2, one of six mammalian CerS, synthesizes ceramides with very-long (C22-C24) chains. The CerS2 null mouse has been well characterized and displays lesions in several organs including the liver, lung and the brain. We now demonstrate that changes in the sphingolipid acyl chain profile of the adrenal gland lead to the generation of adrenal medullary tumors. Histological analyses revealed that about half of the CerS2 null mice developed PCC by ∼13 months, and the rest showed signs of medullary hyperplasia. Norepinephrine and normetanephrine levels in the urine were elevated at 7 months of age consistent with the morphological abnormalities found at later ages. Accumulation of ceroid in the X-zone was observed as early as 2 months of age and as a consequence, older mice displayed elevated levels of lysosomal cathepsins, reduced proteasome activity and reduced activity of mitochondrial complex IV by 6 months of age. Together, these findings implicate an additional pathway that can lead to PCC formation, which involves alterations in the sphingolipid acyl chain length. Analysis of the role of sphingolipids in PCC may lead to further understanding of the mechanism by which PCC develops, and might implicate the sphingolipid pathway as a possible novel therapeutic target for this rare tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Aviram Kogot-Levin
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barthelmes J, de Bazo AM, Pewzner-Jung Y, Schmitz K, Mayer CA, Foerch C, Eberle M, Tafferner N, Ferreirós N, Henke M, Geisslinger G, Futerman AH, Grösch S, Schiffmann S. Lack of ceramide synthase 2 suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by impairing the migratory capacity of neutrophils. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:280-92. [PMID: 25697397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CerS) synthesise ceramides of defined acyl chain lengths, which are thought to mediate cellular processes in a chain length-dependent manner. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we observed a significant elevation of CerS2 and its products, C24-ceramides, in CD11b(+) cells (monocytes and neutrophils) isolated from blood. This result correlates with the clinical finding that CerS2 mRNA expression and C24-ceramide levels were significantly increased by 2.2- and 1.5-fold, respectively, in white blood cells of MS patients. The increased CerS2 mRNA/C24-ceramide expression in neutrophils/monocytes seems to mediate pro-inflammatory effects, since a specific genetic deletion of CerS2 in blood cells or a total genetic deletion of CerS2 significantly delayed the onset of clinical symptoms, due to a reduced infiltration of immune cells, in particular neutrophils, into the central nervous system. CXCR2 chemokine receptors, expressed on neutrophils, promote the migration of neutrophils into the central nervous system, which is a prerequisite for the recruitment of further immune cells and the inflammatory process that leads to the development of MS. Interestingly, neutrophils isolated from CerS2 null EAE mice, as opposed to WT EAE mice, were characterised by significantly lower CXCR2 receptor mRNA expression resulting in their reduced migratory capacity towards CXCL2. Most importantly, G-CSF-induced CXCR2 expression was significantly reduced in CerS2 null neutrophils and their migratory capacity was significantly impaired. In conclusion, our data strongly indicate that G-CSF-induced CXCR2 expression is regulated in a CerS2-dependent manner and that CerS2 thereby promotes the migration of neutrophils, thus, contributing to inflammation and the development of EAE and MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barthelmes
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anika Männer de Bazo
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christoph A Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Max Eberle
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Tafferner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sabourdy F, Astudillo L, Colacios C, Dubot P, Mrad M, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T. Monogenic neurological disorders of sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1040-51. [PMID: 25660725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a wide variety of molecules containing a sphingoid long-chain base that can be N-acylated. These lipids are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, being membrane components of neurons as well as non-neuronal cells. Direct evidence that these brain lipids play critical functions in brain physiology is illustrated by the dramatic consequences of genetic disturbances of their metabolism. Inherited defects of both synthesis and catabolism of sphingolipids are now identified in humans. These monogenic disorders are due to mutations in the genes encoding for the enzymes that catalyze either the formation or degradation of simple sphingolipids such as ceramides, or complex sphingolipids like glycolipids. They cause varying degrees of central nervous system dysfunction, quite similarly to the neurological disorders induced in mice by gene disruption of the corresponding enzymes. Herein, the enzyme deficiencies and metabolic alterations that underlie these diseases are reviewed. Their possible pathophysiological mechanisms and the functions played by sphingolipids one can deduce from these conditions are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Sabourdy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonardo Astudillo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Colacios
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Dubot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marguerite Mrad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Astudillo L, Sabourdy F, Therville N, Bode H, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Human genetic disorders of sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:65-76. [PMID: 25141825 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic defects of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently identified in human patients. These enzyme deficiencies affect the synthesis of sphingolipid precursors, ceramides or complex glycosphingolipids. They are transmitted as autosomal recessive or dominant traits, and their resulting phenotypes often replicate the abnormalities seen in murine models deficient for the corresponding enzymes. In quite good agreement with the known critical roles of sphingolipids in cells from the nervous system and the epidermis, these genetic defects clinically manifest as neurological disorders, including paraplegia, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies, or present with ichthyosis. The present review summarizes the genetic alterations, biochemical changes and clinical symptoms of this new group of inherited metabolic disorders. Hypotheses regarding the molecular pathophysiology and potential treatments of these diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Astudillo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Team n 4, CHU Rangueil, BP, 84225, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
A Three-Step Assay for Ceramide Synthase Activity Using a Fluorescent Substrate and HPLC. Lipids 2014; 50:101-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
44
|
Lam SM, Wang Y, Duan X, Wenk MR, Kalaria RN, Chen CP, Lai MKP, Shui G. Brain lipidomes of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia and mixed dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2369-81. [PMID: 24684787 PMCID: PMC4099521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance as the leading cause of vascular dementia, the primary pathogenic mechanisms in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) have remained elusive. Because of the lack of approved therapeutic agents for SIVD, there is a pressing need to identify novel therapeutic targets. Comparative lipidomic analyses of SIVD and mixed dementia (i.e., SIVD and Alzheimer's disease, MixD) may also confer new insights pertaining to the possible interaction between neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dementia. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to comprehensively analyze the lipidomes of white and gray matter from the temporal cortex of nondemented controls, SIVD, and MixD subjects. Detailed molecular profiles highlighted the pathologic relevance of gray matter sphingolipid fatty acyl chain heterogeneity in dementia. In addition, the levels of sulfatides and lysobisphosphatidic acids were progressively increased in the temporal cortex gray matter from control to SIVD to MixD. White matter phospholipid profiles indicated possible adaptive mechanisms (i.e., increased unsaturation) to chronic ischemia in SIVD and elevated membrane degradation in MixD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuting Wang
- NGS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bakhti M, Aggarwal S, Simons M. Myelin architecture: zippering membranes tightly together. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1265-77. [PMID: 24165921 PMCID: PMC11113231 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid nerve conduction requires the coating of axons by a tightly packed multilayered myelin membrane. In the central nervous system, myelin is formed from cellular processes that extend from oligodendrocytes and wrap in a spiral fashion around an axon, resulting in the close apposition of adjacent myelin membrane bilayers. In this review, we discuss the physical principles underlying the zippering of the plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes at the cytoplasmic and extracellular leaflet. We propose that the interaction of the myelin basic protein with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the myelin bilayer triggers its polymerization into a fibrous network that drives membrane zippering and protein extrusion. In contrast, the adhesion of the extracellular surfaces of myelin requires the down-regulation of repulsive components of the glycocalyx, in order to uncover weak and unspecific attractive forces that bring the extracellular surfaces into close contact. Unveiling the mechanisms of myelin membrane assembly at the cytoplasmic and extracelluar sites may help to understand how the myelin bilayers are disrupted and destabilized in the different demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
- Present Address: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mosbech MB, Olsen ASB, Neess D, Ben-David O, Klitten LL, Larsen J, Sabers A, Vissing J, Nielsen JE, Hasholt L, Klein AD, Tsoory MM, Hjalgrim H, Tommerup N, Futerman AH, Møller RS, Færgeman NJ. Reduced ceramide synthase 2 activity causes progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:88-98. [PMID: 25356388 PMCID: PMC4212479 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ceramides are precursors of complex sphingolipids (SLs), which are important for normal functioning of both the developing and mature brain. Altered SL levels have been associated with many neurodegenerative disorders, including epilepsy, although few direct links have been identified between genes involved in SL metabolism and epilepsy. Methods We used quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and enzymatic assays to determine the mRNA, protein, and activity levels of ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2) in fiibroblasts isolated from parental control subjects and from a patient diagnosed with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME). Mass spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to examine the effects of reduced CERS2 activity on cellular lipid composition and plasma membrane functions. Results We identify a novel 27 kb heterozygous deletion including the CERS2 gene in a proband diagnosed with PME. Compared to parental controls, levels of CERS2 mRNA, protein, and activity were reduced by ˜50% in fibroblasts isolated from this proband, resulting in significantly reduced levels of ceramides and sphingomyelins containing the very long-chain fatty acids C24:0 and C26:0. The change in SL composition was also reflected in a reduction in cholera toxin B immunofluorescence, indicating that membrane composition and function are altered. Interpretation We propose that reduced levels of CERS2, and consequently diminished levels of ceramides and SLs containing very long-chain fatty acids, lead to development of PME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Britt Mosbech
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Anne S B Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Ditte Neess
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Oshrit Ben-David
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Laura L Klitten
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia Dianalund, DK-4293, Denmark
| | - Jan Larsen
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia Dianalund, DK-4293, Denmark ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anne Sabers
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Lis Hasholt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Andres D Klein
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Michael M Tsoory
- Behavioral and Physiological Phenotyping Unit, Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Helle Hjalgrim
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia Dianalund, DK-4293, Denmark ; Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Tommerup
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rikke S Møller
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia Dianalund, DK-4293, Denmark ; Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Role of galactosylceramide and sulfatide in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin: formation of a glycosynapse. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:263-91. [PMID: 25151383 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The two major glycosphingolipids of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and sulfatide (SGC), interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in vitro. They face each other in the apposed extracellular surfaces of the multilayered myelin sheath produced by oligodendrocytes and could also contact each other between apposed oligodendrocyte processes. Multivalent galactose and sulfated galactose, in the form of GalC/SGC-containing liposomes or silica nanoparticles conjugated to galactose and galactose-3-sulfate, interact with GalC and SGC in the membrane sheets of oligodendrocytes in culture. This interaction causes transmembrane signaling, loss of the cytoskeleton and clustering of membrane domains, similar to the effects of cross-linking by anti-GalC and anti-SGC antibodies. These effects suggest that GalC and SGC could participate in glycosynapses, similar to neural synapses or the immunological synapse, between GSL-enriched membrane domains in apposed oligodendrocyte membranes or extracellular surfaces of mature myelin. Formation of such glycosynapses in vivo would be important for myelination and/or oligodendrocyte/myelin function.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abe K, Ohno Y, Sassa T, Taguchi R, Çalışkan M, Ober C, Kihara A. Mutation for nonsyndromic mental retardation in the trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase TER gene involved in fatty acid elongation impairs the enzyme activity and stability, leading to change in sphingolipid profile. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36741-9. [PMID: 24220030 PMCID: PMC3868783 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.493221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs, chain length >C20) exist in tissues throughout the body and are synthesized by repetition of the fatty acid (FA) elongation cycle composed of four successive enzymatic reactions. In mammals, the TER gene is the only gene encoding trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, which catalyzes the fourth reaction in the FA elongation cycle. The TER P182L mutation is the pathogenic mutation for nonsyndromic mental retardation. This mutation substitutes a leucine for a proline residue at amino acid 182 in the TER enzyme. Currently, the mechanism by which the TER P182L mutation causes nonsyndromic mental retardation is unknown. To understand the effect of this mutation on the TER enzyme and VLCFA synthesis, we have biochemically characterized the TER P182L mutant enzyme using yeast and mammalian cells transfected with the TER P182L mutant gene and analyzed the FA elongation cycle in the B-lymphoblastoid cell line with the homozygous TER P182L mutation (TER(P182L/P182L) B-lymphoblastoid cell line). We have found that TER P182L mutant enzyme exhibits reduced trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity and protein stability, thereby impairing VLCFA synthesis and, in turn, altering the sphingolipid profile (i.e. decreased level of C24 sphingomyelin and C24 ceramide) in the TER(P182L/P182L) B-lymphoblastoid cell line. We have also found that in addition to the TER enzyme-catalyzed fourth reaction, the third reaction in the FA elongation cycle is affected by the TER P182L mutation. These findings provide new insight into the biochemical defects associated with this genetic mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Abe
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan, and
| | - Minal Çalışkan
- the Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Carole Ober
- the Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Akio Kihara
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fiedorowicz A, Prokopiuk S, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Chabowski A, Car H. Sphingolipid profiles are altered in prefrontal cortex of rats under acute hyperglycemia. Neuroscience 2013; 256:282-91. [PMID: 24161280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes type 1 is a common autoimmune disease manifesting by insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia, which can lead to dementia-like brain dysfunctions. The factors triggering the pathological processes in hyperglycemic brain remain unknown. We reported in this study that brain areas with different susceptibility to diabetes (prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum) revealed differential alterations in ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) profiles in rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Employing gas-liquid chromatography, we found that level of total Cer increased significantly only in the PFC of diabetic animals, which also exhibited a broad spectrum of sphingolipid (SLs) changes, such as elevations of Cer-C16:0, -C18:0, -C20:0, -C22:0, -C18:1, -C24:1 and SM-C16:0 and -C18:1. In opposite, only minor changes were noted in other examined structures. In addition, de novo synthesis pathway could play a role in generation of Cer containing monounsaturated fatty acids in PFC during hyperglycemia. In turn, simultaneous accumulation of Cers and their SM counterparts may suggest that overproduced Cers are converted to SMs to avoid excessive Cer-mediated cytotoxicity. We conclude that broad changes in SLs compositions in PFC induced by hyperglycemia may provoke membrane rearrangements in some cell populations, which can disturb cellular signaling and cause tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - S Prokopiuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Zendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - A Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - H Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Park JW, Park WJ, Futerman AH. Ceramide synthases as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:671-81. [PMID: 24021978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is located at a key hub in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway and also acts as an important cellular signaling molecule. Ceramide contains one acyl chain which is attached to a sphingoid long chain base via an amide bond, with the acyl chain varying in length and degree of saturation. The identification of a family of six mammalian ceramide synthases (CerS) that synthesize ceramide with distinct acyl chains, has led to significant advances in our understanding of ceramide biology, including further delineation of the role of ceramide in various pathophysiologies in both mice and humans. Since ceramides, and the complex sphingolipids generated from ceramide, are implicated in disease, the CerS might potentially be novel targets for therapeutic intervention in the diseases in which the ceramide acyl chain length is altered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|