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Bhattacharya A, Parlanti P, Cavallo L, Farrow E, Spivey T, Renieri A, Mari F, Manzini MC. A novel framework for functional annotation of variants of uncertain significance in ID/ASD risk gene CC2D1A. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1229-1240. [PMID: 38652285 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are genetically heterogeneous with hundreds of identified risk genes, most affecting only a few patients. Novel missense variants in these genes are being discovered as clinical exome sequencing is now routinely integrated into diagnosis, yet most of them are annotated as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUSs are a major roadblock in using patient genetics to inform clinical action. We developed a framework to characterize VUSs in Coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A (CC2D1A), a gene causing autosomal recessive ID with comorbid ASD in 40% of cases. We analyzed seven VUSs (p.Pro319Leu, p.Ser327Leu, p.Gly441Val, p.Val449Met, p.Thr580Ile, p.Arg886His and p.Glu910Lys) from four cases of individuals with ID and ASD. Variants were cloned and overexpressed in HEK293 individually and in their respective heterozygous combination. CC2D1A is a signaling scaffold that positively regulates PKA-CREB signaling by repressing phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) to prevent cAMP degradation. After testing multiple parameters including direct interaction between PDE4D and CC2D1A, cAMP levels and CREB activation, we found that the most sensitive readout was CREB transcriptional activity using a luciferase assay. Compared to WT CC2D1A, five VUSs (p.Pro319Leu, p.Gly441Val, p.Val449Met, p.Thr580Ile, and p.Arg886His) led to significantly blunted response to forskolin induced CREB activation. This luciferase assay approach can be scaled up to annotate ~150 CC2D1A VUSs that are currently listed in ClinVar. Since CREB activation is a common denominator for multiple ASD/ID genes, our paradigm can also be adapted for their VUSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Bhattacharya
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Paola Parlanti
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Luca Cavallo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Edward Farrow
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Tyler Spivey
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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Rashvand Z, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K, Mozhdehipanah H, Moradi M, Estaki Z, Taherkhani K, Nikzat N, Najafipour R, Omrani MD. Identification of a Novel Variant in CC2D1A Gene Linked to Autosomal Recessive Intellectual Disability 3 in an Iranian Family and Investigating the Structure and Pleiotropic Effects of this Gene. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2024; 18:25-41. [PMID: 38375126 PMCID: PMC10874518 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v18i1.42188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Intellectual disability (ID) represents a significant health challenge due to its diverse and intricate nature. A multitude of genes play a role in brain development and function, with defects in these genes potentially leading to ID. Considering that many of these genes have yet to be identified, and those identified have only been found in a small number of patients, no complete description of the phenotype created by these genes is available. CC2D1A is one of the genes whose loss-of-function mutation leads to a rare form of non-syndromic ID-3(OMIM*610055), and four pathogenic variants have been reported in this gene so far. Materials & Methods n the current study, two affected females were included with an initial diagnosis of ID who were from an Iranian family with consanguineous marriage. Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify the probable genetic defects. The Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the patients were compared with a mutation in the CC2D1A gene, and then the structure of the gene and its reported variants were investigated. Results The patients carried a novel homozygous splicing variant (NM_017721, c.1641+1G>A) in intron 14, which is pathogenic according to the ACMG guideline. Loss-of-function mutations in CC2D1A have severe phenotypic consequences such as ID, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and seizures. However, missense mutations lead to ASD with or without ID, and in some patients, they cause ciliopathy. Conclusion This study reports the fifth novel, probably pathogenic variant in the CC2D1A gene. Comparing the clinical and molecular genetic features of the patients with loss-of-function mutation helped to describe the phenotype caused by this gene more precisely. Investigating the CC2D1A gene's mutations and structure revealed that it performs multiple functions. The DM14 domain appears more pivotal in triggering severe clinical symptoms, including ID, than the C2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashvand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozhdehipanah
- Depatment of Neurology Boali Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zohreh Estaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Taherkhani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nooshin Nikzat
- Genetics Research Center, the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Genetics Research Center, the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Belokopytova II, Kondaurova EM, Kulikova EA, Ilchibaeva TV, Naumenko VS, Popova NK. Effects of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 Knockdown in the Hippocampus of BTBR Mice on the Autistic-Like Behavior, Expression of Serotonin 5-HT 1A and D2 Dopamine Receptors, and CREB and NF-kB Intracellular Signaling. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1206-1218. [PMID: 36273889 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of autism are of extreme interest due to the high prevalence of this disorder in the human population. In this regard, special attention is given to the transcription factor Freud-1 (encoded by the Cc2d1a gene), which regulates numerous intracellular signaling pathways and acts as a silencer for 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors. Disruption of the Freud-1 functions leads to the development of various psychopathologies. In this study, we found an increase in the expression of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 gene in the hippocampus of BTBR mice (model of autistic-like behavior) in comparison with C57Bl/6J mice and examined how restoration of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 expression in the hippocampus of BTBR mice affects their behavior, expression of 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors, and CREB and NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways in these animals. Five weeks after administration of the adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) carrying the pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP plasmid encoding a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) that suppressed expression of the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 gene, we observed an elevation in the anxiety levels, as well as the increase in the escape latency and path length to the platform in the Morris water maze test, which was probably associated with a strengthening of the active stress avoidance strategy. However, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown did not affect the spatial memory and phosphorylation of the CREB transcription factor, although such effect was found in C57Bl/6J mice in our previous study. These results suggest the impairments in the CREB-dependent effector pathway in BTBR mice, which may play an important role in the development of the autistic-like phenotype. The knockdown of Cc2d1a/Freud-1 in the hippocampus of BTBR mice did not affect expression of the 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors and key NF-κB signaling genes (Nfkb1 and Rela). Our data suggest that the transcription factor Freud-1 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of anxiety and active stress avoidance in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Belokopytova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elizabeth A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ilchibaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nina K Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Acheta J, Hong J, Jeanette H, Brar S, Yalamanchili A, Feltri ML, Manzini MC, Belin S, Poitelon Y. Cc2d1b Contributes to the Regulation of Developmental Myelination in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:881571. [PMID: 35592111 PMCID: PMC9113218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.881571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNumerous studies have indicated that myelination is the result of the interplay between extracellular signals and an intricate network of transcription factors. Yet, the identification and characterization of the full repertoire of transcription factors that modulate myelination are still incomplete. CC2D1B is a member of the Lgd/CC2D1 family of proteins highly expressed in myelinating cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, the absence of CC2D1B limits myelin formation in vitro. Here we propose to delineate the function of CC2D1B in myelinating cells during developmental myelination in vivo in the central and peripheral nervous systems.MethodsWe used a Cc2d1b constitutive knockout mouse model and then performed morphological analyses on semithin sections of sciatic nerves and electron micrographs of optic nerves. We also performed immunohistological studies on coronal brain sections. All analyses were performed at 30 days of age.ResultsIn the peripheral nervous system, animals ablated for Cc2d1b did not show any myelin thickness difference compared to control animals. In the central nervous system, immunohistological studies did not show any difference in the number of oligodendrocytes or the level of myelin proteins in the cortex, corpus callosum, and striatum. However, optic nerves showed a hypomyelination (0.844 ± 0.022) compared to control animals (0.832 ± 0.016) of large diameter myelinated fibers.ConclusionsWe found that CC2D1B plays a role in developmental myelination in the central nervous system. These results suggest that CC2D1B could contribute to gene regulation during oligodendrocytes myelination in optic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica Acheta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiayue Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Haley Jeanette
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Simrandeep Brar
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Anish Yalamanchili
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - M. Laura Feltri
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sophie Belin ; Yannick Poitelon
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sophie Belin ; Yannick Poitelon
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Kondaurova EM, Plyusnina AV, Ilchibaeva TV, Eremin DV, Rodnyy AY, Grygoreva YD, Naumenko VS. Effects of a Cc2d1a/Freud-1 Knockdown in the Hippocampus on Behavior, the Serotonin System, and BDNF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413319. [PMID: 34948116 PMCID: PMC8707087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT1A receptor is one of the most abundant and widely distributed brain serotonin (5-HT) receptors that play a major role in the modulation of emotions and behavior. The 5-HT1A receptor gene (Htr1a) is under the control of transcription factor Freud-1 (also known as Cc2d1a/Freud-1). Here, using adeno-associated virus (AAV) constructs in vivo, we investigated effects of a Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice on behavior, the brain 5-HT system, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AAV particles carrying the pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP plasmid encoding a short-hairpin RNA targeting mouse Cc2d1a/Freud-1 mRNA had an antidepressant effect in the forced swim test 5 weeks after virus injection. The knockdown impaired spatiotemporal memory as assessed in the Morris water maze. pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP decreased Cc2d1a/Freud-1 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown upregulated 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid but not their ratio. The Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown failed to increase mRNA and protein levels of Htr1a but diminished a 5-HT1A receptor functional response. Meanwhile, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown reduced Creb mRNA expression and CREB phosphorylation and upregulated cFos mRNA. The knockdown enhanced the expression of a BDNF precursor (proBDNF protein), which is known to play a crucial part in neuroplasticity. Our data indicate that transcription factor Cc2d1a/Freud-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders not only via the 5-HT1A receptor and transcription factor CREB but also through an influence on BDNF.
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Paes D, Schepers M, Rombaut B, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T, Prickaerts J. The Molecular Biology of Phosphodiesterase 4 Enzymes as Pharmacological Targets: An Interplay of Isoforms, Conformational States, and Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1016-1049. [PMID: 34233947 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme family plays a pivotal role in regulating levels of the second messenger cAMP. Consequently, PDE4 inhibitors have been investigated as a therapeutic strategy to enhance cAMP signaling in a broad range of diseases, including several types of cancers, as well as in various neurologic, dermatological, and inflammatory diseases. Despite their widespread therapeutic potential, the progression of PDE4 inhibitors into the clinic has been hampered because of their related relatively small therapeutic window, which increases the chance of producing adverse side effects. Interestingly, the PDE4 enzyme family consists of several subtypes and isoforms that can be modified post-translationally or can engage in specific protein-protein interactions to yield a variety of conformational states. Inhibition of specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, or conformational states may lead to more precise effects and hence improve the safety profile of PDE4 inhibition. In this review, we provide an overview of the variety of PDE4 isoforms and how their activity and inhibition is influenced by post-translational modifications and interactions with partner proteins. Furthermore, we describe the importance of screening potential PDE4 inhibitors in view of different PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and conformational states rather than testing compounds directed toward a specific PDE4 catalytic domain. Lastly, potential mechanisms underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects are outlined. In this review, we illustrate that PDE4 inhibitors retain their therapeutic potential in myriad diseases, but target identification should be more precise to establish selective inhibition of disease-affected PDE4 isoforms while avoiding isoforms involved in adverse effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the PDE4 enzyme family is a therapeutic target in an extensive range of disorders, clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors has been hindered because of the adverse side effects. This review elaborately shows that safer and more effective PDE4 targeting is possible by characterizing 1) which PDE4 subtypes and isoforms exist, 2) how PDE4 isoforms can adopt specific conformations upon post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions, and 3) which PDE4 inhibitors can selectively bind specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and/or conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
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Yang CY, Hung YC, Cheng KH, Ling P, Hsu KS. Loss of CC2D1A in Glutamatergic Neurons Results in Autistic-Like Features in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2021-2039. [PMID: 34132974 PMCID: PMC8608959 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in Coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A (CC2D1A) cause autosomal recessive intellectual disability, sometimes comorbid with other neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and seizures. We recently reported that conditional deletion of Cc2d1a in glutamatergic neurons of the postnatal mouse forebrain leads to impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. However, the pathogenic origin of the autistic features of CC2D1A deficiency remains elusive. Here, we confirmed that CC2D1A is highly expressed in the cortical zones during embryonic development. Taking advantage of Cre-LoxP-mediated gene deletion strategy, we generated a novel line of Cc2d1a conditional knockout (cKO) mice by crossing floxed Cc2d1a mice with Emx1-Cre mice, in which CC2D1A is ablated specifically in glutamatergic neurons throughout all embryonic and adult stages. We found that CC2D1A deletion leads to a trend toward decreased number of cortical progenitor cells at embryonic day 12.5 and alters the cortical thickness on postnatal day 10. In addition, male Cc2d1a cKO mice display autistic-like phenotypes including self-injurious repetitive grooming and aberrant social interactions. Loss of CC2D1A also results in decreased complexity of apical dendritic arbors of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) layer V pyramidal neurons and increased synaptic excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio in the mPFC. Notably, chronic treatment with minocycline rescues behavioral and morphological abnormalities, as well as E/I changes, in male Cc2d1a cKO mice. Together, these findings indicate that male Cc2d1a cKO mice recapitulate autistic-like phenotypes of human disorder and suggest that minocycline has both structural and functional benefits in treating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsiang Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin Ling
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Henley JM, Seager R, Nakamura Y, Talandyte K, Nair J, Wilkinson KA. SUMOylation of synaptic and synapse-associated proteins: An update. J Neurochem 2021; 156:145-161. [PMID: 32538470 PMCID: PMC8218484 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that regulates protein signalling and complex formation by adjusting the conformation or protein-protein interactions of the substrate protein. There is a compelling and rapidly expanding body of evidence that, in addition to SUMOylation of nuclear proteins, SUMOylation of extranuclear proteins contributes to the control of neuronal development, neuronal stress responses and synaptic transmission and plasticity. In this brief review we provide an update of recent developments in the identification of synaptic and synapse-associated SUMO target proteins and discuss the cell biological and functional implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Henley
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Richard Seager
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Karolina Talandyte
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Jithin Nair
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
| | - Kevin A. Wilkinson
- School of BiochemistryCentre for Synaptic PlasticityUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUK
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9
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Sener EF, Onal MG, Dal F, Nalbantoglu U, Ozkul Y, Canatan H, Oztop DB. Novel alterations of CC2D1A as a candidate gene in a Turkish sample of patients with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:1072-1079. [PMID: 33287601 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1860968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with large genetic background, but identification of pathogenic variants has proceeded slowly because hundreds of loci are involved in this complex disorder. CC2D1A gene firstly associated with the intellectual disability (ID) in a family with a large deletion. We aimed to contribute to the literature by sequencing this gene and by this way we report novel CC2D1A variations in patients with ASD. METHODS Forty families who have a child with a diagnosis of ASD were enrolled to the study. DNA samples were obtained from each family member. Bidirectional CC2D1A gene sequencing was performed with CEQ Cycle Sequencing Kit, and the products were analyzed on the Beckman CEQ 8000. All of the genetic analysis was conducted in Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK). RESULTS According to the sequencing results, we defined new alterations in this gene with two SNPs in exon 15 and 19 (rs747172992 and rs1364074600) in our patients. We found a pathogenic variant in one patient. This variant was located in the acceptor region. Six of the variants were missense mutations. Additionally, six different benign variants were detected in 30 patients; however, they were not associated with ASD. Two patients carried multiple rare variants. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo functional analysis with this gene will help to understand its contribution to ASD pathogenesis. Future studies may help to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of these variants leading to the autism phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Funda Sener
- Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muge Gulcihan Onal
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Halil Bayraktar Vocational School of Health College, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dal
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Nalbantoglu
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Medical Faculty Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Medical Faculty Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Behice Oztop
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Baeumers M, Ruhnau K, Breuer T, Pannen H, Goerlich B, Kniebel A, Haensch S, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Schmitt L, Klein T. Lethal (2) giant discs (Lgd)/CC2D1 is required for the full activity of the ESCRT machinery. BMC Biol 2020; 18:200. [PMID: 33349255 PMCID: PMC7754597 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major task of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is the pinching off of cargo-loaded intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into the lumen of maturing endosomes (MEs), which is essential for the complete degradation of transmembrane proteins in the lysosome. The ESCRT machinery is also required for the termination of signalling through activated signalling receptors, as it separates their intracellular domains from the cytosol. At the heart of the machinery lies the ESCRT-III complex, which is required for an increasing number of processes where membrane regions are abscised away from the cytosol. The core of ESCRT-III, comprising four members of the CHMP protein family, organises the assembly of a homopolymer of CHMP4, Shrub in Drosophila, that is essential for abscission. We and others identified the tumour-suppressor lethal (2) giant discs (Lgd)/CC2D1 as a physical interactor of Shrub/CHMP4 in Drosophila and mammals, respectively. Results Here, we show that the loss of function of lgd constitutes a state of reduced activity of Shrub/CHMP4/ESCRT-III. This hypomorphic shrub mutant situation causes a slight decrease in the rate of ILV formation that appears to result in incomplete incorporation of Notch into ILVs. We found that the forced incorporation in ILVs of lgd mutant MEs suppresses the uncontrolled and ligand-independent activation of Notch. Moreover, the analysis of Su(dx) lgd double mutants clarifies their relationship and suggests that they are not operating in a linear pathway. We could show that, despite prolonged lifetime, the MEs of lgd mutants have a similar ILV density as wild-type but less than rab7 mutant MEs, suggesting the rate in lgd mutants is slightly reduced. The analysis of the MEs of wild-type and mutant cells in the electron microscope revealed that the ESCRT-containing electron-dense microdomains of ILV formation at the limiting membrane are elongated, indicating a change in ESCRT activity. Since lgd mutants can be rescued to normal adult flies if extra copies of shrub (or its mammalian ortholog CHMP4B) are added into the genome, we conclude that the net activity of Shrub is reduced upon loss of lgd function. Finally, we show that, in solution, CHMP4B/Shrub exists in two conformations. LGD1/Lgd binding does not affect the conformational state of Shrub, suggesting that Lgd is not a chaperone for Shrub/CHMP4B. Conclusion Our results suggest that Lgd is required for the full activity of Shrub/ESCRT-III. In its absence, the activity of the ESCRT machinery is reduced. This reduction causes the escape of a fraction of cargo, among it Notch, from incorporation into ILVs, which in turn leads to an activation of this fraction of Notch after fusion of the ME with the lysosome. Our results highlight the importance of the incorporation of Notch into ILV not only to assure complete degradation, but also to avoid uncontrolled activation of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Baeumers
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Ruhnau
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik Pannen
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bastian Goerlich
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Kniebel
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haensch
- Center of Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Center of Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Ma ACH, Mak CCY, Yeung KS, Pei SLC, Ying D, Yu MHC, Hasan KMM, Chen X, Chow PC, Cheung YF, Chung BHY. Monoallelic Mutations in CC2D1A Suggest a Novel Role in Human Heterotaxy and Ciliary Dysfunction. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e003000. [PMID: 33196317 PMCID: PMC7748040 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human heterotaxy is a group of congenital disorders characterized by misplacement of one or more organs according to the left-right axis. The genetic causes of human heterotaxy are highly heterogeneous. METHODS We performed exome sequencing in a cohort of 26 probands with heterotaxy followed by gene burden analysis for the enrichment of novel rare damaging mutations. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease was used to generate somatic loss-of-function mutants in a zebrafish model. Ciliary defects were examined by whole-mount immunostaining of acetylated α-tubulin. RESULTS We identified a significant enrichment of novel rare damaging mutations in the CC2D1A gene. Seven occurrences of CC2D1A mutations were found to affect 4 highly conserved amino acid residues of the protein. Functional analyses in the transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated zebrafish knockout models were performed, and heterotaxy phenotypes of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems in both somatic and germline mutants were observed. Defective cilia were demonstrated by whole-mount immunostaining of acetylated α-tubulin. These abnormalities were rescued by wild-type cc2d1a mRNA but not cc2d1a mutant mRNA, strongly suggesting a loss-of-function mechanism. On the other hand, overexpression of cc2d1a orthologous mutations cc2d1a P559L and cc2d1a G808V (orthologous to human CC2D1A P532L and CC2D1A G781V) did not affect embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS Using a zebrafish model, we were able to establish a novel association of CC2D1A with heterotaxy and ciliary dysfunction in the F2 generation via a loss-of-function mechanism. Future mechanistic studies are needed for a better understanding of the role of CC2D1A in left-right patterning and ciliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Chun Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (A.C.H., K.M.M.H.)
| | - Christopher Chun Yu Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Kit San Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Steven Lim Cho Pei
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Dingge Ying
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Mullin Ho Chung Yu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Kazi Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (A.C.H., K.M.M.H.)
| | - Xiangke Chen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (X.C.)
| | - Pak Cheong Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Yiu Fai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
| | - Brian Hon Yin Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrate Region, China (C.C.Y.M., K.S.Y., S.L.C.P., D.Y., M.H.C.Y., P.C.C., Y.F.C., B.H.Y.C.)
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12
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Unravelling of Hidden Secrets: The Tumour Suppressor Lethal (2) Giant Discs (Lgd)/CC2D1, Notch Signalling and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:31-46. [PMID: 33034024 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal pathway plays a pivotal role upon signal transduction in the Notch pathway. Recent work on lethal (2) giant discs (lgd) points to an additional critical role in avoiding uncontrolled ligand-independent signalling during trafficking of the Notch receptor through the endosomal pathway to the lysosome for degradation. In this chapter, we will outline the journey of Notch through the endosomal system and present an overview of the current knowledge about Lgd and its mammalian orthologs Lgd1/CC2D1b and Lgd2/CC2D1a. We will then discuss how Notch is activated in the absence of lgd function in Drosophila and ask whether there is evidence that a similar ligand-independent activation of the Notch pathway can also happen in mammals if the orthologs are inactivated.
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13
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Folci A, Mirabella F, Fossati M. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins in the Critical Equilibrium between Synapse Physiology and Intellectual Disability. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0137-20.2020. [PMID: 32719102 PMCID: PMC7544190 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0137-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent a dynamic regulatory system that precisely modulates the functional organization of synapses. PTMs consist in target modifications by small chemical moieties or conjugation of lipids, sugars or polypeptides. Among them, ubiquitin and a large family of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) share several features such as the structure of the small protein modifiers, the enzymatic cascades mediating the conjugation process, and the targeted aminoacidic residue. In the brain, ubiquitination and two UBLs, namely sumoylation and the recently discovered neddylation orchestrate fundamental processes including synapse formation, maturation and plasticity, and their alteration is thought to contribute to the development of neurological disorders. Remarkably, emerging evidence suggests that these pathways tightly interplay to modulate the function of several proteins that possess pivotal roles for brain homeostasis as well as failure of this crosstalk seems to be implicated in the development of brain pathologies. In this review, we outline the role of ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, and their functional interplay in synapse physiology and discuss their implication in the molecular pathogenesis of intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disorder that is frequently comorbid with a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. Finally, we propose a few outlooks that might contribute to better understand the complexity of these regulatory systems in regard to neuronal circuit pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve 9 Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
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14
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Ozkul Y, Taheri S, Bayram KK, Sener EF, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Öztop DB, Aybuga F, Tufan E, Bayram A, Dolu N, Zararsiz G, Kianmehr L, Beyaz F, Doganyigit Z, Cuzin F, Rassoulzadegan M. A heritable profile of six miRNAs in autistic patients and mouse models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9011. [PMID: 32514154 PMCID: PMC7280218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental pathologies that impair social communication and cause repetitive behaviors. The suggested roles of noncoding RNAs in pathology led us to perform a comparative analysis of the microRNAs expressed in the serum of human ASD patients. The analysis of a cohort of 45 children with ASD revealed that six microRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) were expressed at low to very low levels compared to those in healthy controls. A similar but less pronounced decrease was registered in the clinically unaffected parents of the sick children and in their siblings but never in any genetically unrelated control. Results consistent with these observations were obtained in the blood, hypothalamus and sperm of two of the established mouse models of ASD: valproic acid-treated animals and Cc2d1a+/- heterozygotes. In both instances, the same characteristic miRNA profile was evidenced in the affected individuals and inherited together with disease symptoms in the progeny of crosses with healthy animals. The consistent association of these genetic regulatory changes with the disease provides a starting point for evaluating the changes in the activity of the target genes and, thus, the underlying mechanism(s). From the applied societal and medical perspectives, once properly confirmed in large cohorts, these observations provide tools for the very early identification of affected children and progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ozkul
- Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kezban Korkmaz Bayram
- Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.,Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Behice Öztop
- Ankara University, Medical Faculty, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aybuga
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arslan Bayram
- Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nazan Dolu
- Baskent University, Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Feyzullah Beyaz
- Erciyes University Veterinary Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Züleyha Doganyigit
- Bozok University, Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology Department, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, France.
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15
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Mossa A, Manzini MC. Molecular causes of sex-specific deficits in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neurosci Res 2019; 99:37-56. [PMID: 31872500 PMCID: PMC7754327 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder consistently show a male bias in prevalence, but it remains unclear why males and females are affected with different frequency. While many behavioral studies of transgenic NDD models have focused only on males, the requirement by the National Institutes of Health to consider sex as a biological variable has promoted the comparison of male and female performance in wild-type and mutant animals. Here, we review examples of rodent models of NDDs in which sex-specific deficits were identified in molecular, physiological, and/or behavioral responses, showing sex differences in susceptibility to disruption of genes mutated in NDDs. Haploinsufficiency in genes involved in mechanisms such as synaptic function (GABRB3 and NRXN1), chromatin remodeling (CHD8, EMHT1, and ADNP), and intracellular signaling (CC2D1A and ERK1) lead to more severe behavioral outcomes in males. However, in the absence of behavioral deficits, females can still present with cellular and electrophysiological changes that could be due to compensatory mechanisms or differential allocation of molecular and cellular functions in the two sexes. By contrasting these findings with mouse models where females are more severely affected (MTHFR and AMBRA1), we propose a framework to approach the study of sex-specific deficits possibly leading to sex bias in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Mossa
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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16
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Dana H, Bayramov KK, Delibaşı N, Tahtasakal R, Bayramov R, Hamurcu Z, Sener EF. Disregulation of Autophagy in the Transgenerational Cc2d1a Mouse Model of Autism. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:239-249. [PMID: 31721010 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneously childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, believed to be under development of various genetic and environmental factors. Autophagy and related pathways have also been implicated in the etiology of ASD. We aimed to investigate autophagic markers by generating the transgenerational inheritance of ASD-like behaviors in the Cc2d1a animal model of ASD. Cc2d1a (+/-) mouse model of ASD was built in two different groups by following three generations. After behavior test, bilateral hippocampus was sliced. Western Blot assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were used for measurement of LC3 and Beclin-1 as key regulators of autophagy. All of the animal and laboratory studies were conducted in the Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK). Significant LC3 and Beclin-1 mRNA expression levels were observed in mouse hippocampus between groups and generations. Western blot confirmed the changes of the proteins in the hippocampus. LC3 expressions were increased for females and decreased for males compared to the control group. Beclin-1 expression levels were found to be significantly decreased in males and females compared to controls. This study could help explain a new pathway of autophagy in ASD mouse models. Future animal studies need to investigate sex differences in mouse modeling autism-relevant genes like CC2D1A. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for more comprehensive autophagy studies in this mouse model of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Dana
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Nesrin Delibaşı
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ruslan Bayramov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haseki Education Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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17
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Zamarbide M, Mossa A, Muñoz-Llancao P, Wilkinson MK, Pond HL, Oaks AW, Manzini MC. Male-Specific cAMP Signaling in the Hippocampus Controls Spatial Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Autism and Intellectual Disability. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:760-768. [PMID: 30732858 PMCID: PMC6474812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders is biased toward male individuals, with male-to-female ratios of 2:1 in intellectual disability and 4:1 in autism spectrum disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms of such bias remain unknown. While characterizing a mouse model for loss of the signaling scaffold coiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 1A (CC2D1A), which is mutated in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, we identified biochemical and behavioral differences between male and female mice, and explored whether CC2D1A controls male-specific intracellular signaling. METHODS CC2D1A is known to regulate phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), which regulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. We tested for activation of PDE4D and downstream signaling molecules in the hippocampus of Cc2d1a-deficient mice. We then performed behavioral studies in female mice to analyze learning and memory, and then targeted PDE4D activation with a PDE4D inhibitor to define how changes in cAMP levels affect behavior in male and female mice. RESULTS We found that in Cc2d1a-deficient male mice PDE4D is hyperactive, leading to a reduction in cAMP response element binding protein signaling, but this molecular deficit is not present in female mice. Cc2d1a-deficient male mice show a deficit in spatial memory, which is not present in Cc2d1a-deficient female mice. Restoring PDE4D activity using an inhibitor rescues cognitive deficits in male mice but has no effect on female mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that CC2D1A regulates cAMP intracellular signaling in a male-specific manner in the hippocampus, leading to male-specific cognitive deficits. We propose that male-specific signaling mechanisms are involved in establishing sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zamarbide
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Adele Mossa
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Pablo Muñoz-Llancao
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Molly K Wilkinson
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Heather L Pond
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Adam W Oaks
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - M Chiara Manzini
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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18
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Conditional Deletion of CC2D1A Reduces Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Impairs Cognitive Function through Rac1 Hyperactivation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4959-4975. [PMID: 30992372 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2395-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A (CC2D1A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, originally identified as a nuclear factor-κB activator through a large-scale screen of human genes. Mutations in the human Cc2d1a gene result in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic intellectual disability. It remains unclear, however, how Cc2d1a mutation leads to alterations in brain function. Here, we have taken advantage of Cre/loxP recombinase-based strategy to conditionally delete Cc2d1a exclusively from excitatory neurons of male mouse forebrain to examine its role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. We confirmed the expression of CC2D1A protein and mRNA in the mouse hippocampus. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that CC2D1A is expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the adult hippocampus. Conditional deletion of Cc2d1a (cKO) from excitatory neurons leads to impaired performance in object location memory test and altered anxiety-like behavior. Consistently, cKO mice displayed a deficit in the maintenance of LTP in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. Cc2d1a deletion also resulted in decreased complexity of apical and basal dendritic arbors of CA1 pyramidal neurons. An enhanced basal Rac1 activity was observed following Cc2d1a deletion, and this enhancement was mediated by reduced SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) and SENP3 expression, thus increasing the amount of Rac1 SUMOylation. Furthermore, partial blockade of Rac1 activity rescued impairments in LTP and object location memory performance in cKO mice. Together, our results implicate Rac1 hyperactivity in synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits observed in Cc2d1a cKO mice and reveal a novel role for CC2D1A in regulating hippocampal synaptic function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT CC2D1A is abundantly expressed in the brain, but there is little known about its physiological function. Taking advantage of Cc2d1a cKO mice, the present study highlights the importance of CC2D1A in the maintenance of LTP at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses and the formation of hippocampus-dependent long-term object location memory. Our findings establish a critical link between elevated Rac1 activity, structural and synaptic plasticity alterations, and cognitive impairment caused by Cc2d1a deletion. Moreover, partial blockade of Rac1 activity rescues synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in Cc2d1a cKO mice. Such insights may have implications for the utility of Rac1 inhibitors in the treatment of intellectual disability caused by Cc2d1a mutations in human patients.
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Role of Combined Lipoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Astrocytes as a Way to Prevent Brain Ageing by Induced Oxidative Stress and Iron Accumulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2843121. [PMID: 30944691 PMCID: PMC6421749 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2843121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain ageing is a complex multifactorial process characterized by gradual and continuous loss of neuronal functions. It is hypothesized that at the basis of brain ageing as well as age-related diseases, there is an impairment of the antioxidant defense system leading to an increase of oxidative stress. In this study, two different biological aspects involved in brain ageing and neurodegeneration have been investigated: oxidative stress and iron accumulation damage. In primary mouse astrocytes, the stimulation with 50 μM lipoic acid (LA) and 100 nM vitamin D (vitD) was first investigated in a time-course study to determine the dosages to be used in combination and then in a permeability test using an in vitro blood-brain barrier. In a second set of experiments, the role of oxidative stress was investigated pretreating astrocytes with 200 μM H2O2 for 30 min. The ability of vitD and LA alone and combined together to prevent or repair the damage caused by oxidative stress was investigated after 24 h of stimulation by the MTT test, mitochondrial membrane potential measurement, and Western blot analysis. To induce neurodegeneration, cells were pretreated with 300 μM catalytic iron for 6 days and then treated with vitD and LA alone and combined for additional 6 days to investigate the protection exerted by combination, analyzing viability, ROS production, iron concentration, and activation of intracellular pathways. In our study, the combination of LA and vitD showed beneficial effects on viability of astrocytes, since the substances are able to cross the brain barrier. In addition, combined LA and vitD attenuated the H2O2-induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial-mediated pathway. The combination was also able to counteract the adverse conditions caused by iron, preventing its accumulation. All these data support the hypothesis of the synergistic and cooperative activity exerted by LA and vitD in astrocytes indicating a possible new strategy to slow down ageing.
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Ventimiglia LN, Cuesta-Geijo MA, Martinelli N, Caballe A, Macheboeuf P, Miguet N, Parnham IM, Olmos Y, Carlton JG, Weissenhorn W, Martin-Serrano J. CC2D1B Coordinates ESCRT-III Activity during the Mitotic Reformation of the Nuclear Envelope. Dev Cell 2018; 47:547-563.e6. [PMID: 30513301 PMCID: PMC6286407 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated reformation of the nuclear envelope (NE) after mitosis re-establishes the structural integrity and the functionality of the nuclear compartment. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, a membrane remodeling pathway that is highly conserved in eukaryotes, has been recently involved in NE resealing by mediating the annular fusion of the nuclear membrane (NM). We show here that CC2D1B, a regulator of ESCRT polymerization, is required to re-establish the nuclear compartmentalization by coordinating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane deposition around chromatin disks with ESCRT-III recruitment to the reforming NE. Accordingly, CC2D1B determines the spatiotemporal distribution of the CHMP7-ESCRT-III axis during NE reformation. Crucially, in CC2D1B-depleted cells, ESCRT activity is uncoupled from Spastin-mediated severing of spindle microtubules, resulting in persisting microtubules that compromise nuclear morphology. Therefore, we reveal CC2D1B as an essential regulatory factor that licenses the formation of ESCRT-III polymers to ensure the orderly reformation of the NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro N Ventimiglia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Cuesta-Geijo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nicolas Martinelli
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Caballe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pauline Macheboeuf
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nolwenn Miguet
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ian M Parnham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yolanda Olmos
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jeremy G Carlton
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Oaks AW, Zamarbide M, Tambunan DE, Santini E, Di Costanzo S, Pond HL, Johnson MW, Lin J, Gonzalez DM, Boehler JF, Wu GK, Klann E, Walsh CA, Manzini MC. Cc2d1a Loss of Function Disrupts Functional and Morphological Development in Forebrain Neurons Leading to Cognitive and Social Deficits. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1670-1685. [PMID: 26826102 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in CC2D1A cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and seizures, identifying a critical role for this gene in cognitive and social development. CC2D1A regulates intracellular signaling processes that are critical for neuronal function, but previous attempts to model the human LOF phenotypes have been prevented by perinatal lethality in Cc2d1a-deficient mice. To overcome this challenge, we generated a floxed Cc2d1a allele for conditional removal of Cc2d1a in the brain using Cre recombinase. While removal of Cc2d1a in neuronal progenitors using Cre expressed from the Nestin promoter still causes death at birth, conditional postnatal removal of Cc2d1a in the forebrain via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha (CamKIIa) promoter-driven Cre generates animals that are viable and fertile with grossly normal anatomy. Analysis of neuronal morphology identified abnormal cortical dendrite organization and a reduction in dendritic spine density. These animals display deficits in neuronal plasticity and in spatial learning and memory that are accompanied by reduced sociability, hyperactivity, anxiety, and excessive grooming. Cc2d1a conditional knockout mice therefore recapitulate features of both cognitive and social impairment caused by human CC2D1A mutation, and represent a model that could provide much needed insights into the developmental mechanisms underlying nonsyndromic neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Oaks
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Marta Zamarbide
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Dimira E Tambunan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emanuela Santini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Stefania Di Costanzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Heather L Pond
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mark W Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jeff Lin
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dilenny M Gonzalez
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica F Boehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Guangying K Wu
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Chiara Manzini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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22
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Zamarbide M, Oaks AW, Pond HL, Adelman JS, Manzini MC. Loss of the Intellectual Disability and Autism Gene Cc2d1a and Its Homolog Cc2d1b Differentially Affect Spatial Memory, Anxiety, and Hyperactivity. Front Genet 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29552027 PMCID: PMC5840150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genes are mutated in non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with each gene often involved in only a handful of cases. Such heterogeneity can be daunting, but rare recessive loss of function (LOF) mutations can be a good starting point to provide insight into the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disease. Biallelic LOF mutations in the signaling scaffold CC2D1A cause a rare form of autosomal recessive ID, sometimes associated with ASD and seizures. In parallel, we recently reported that Cc2d1a-deficient mice present with cognitive and social deficits, hyperactivity and anxiety. In Drosophila, loss of the only ortholog of Cc2d1a, lgd, is embryonically lethal, while in vertebrates, Cc2d1a has a homolog Cc2d1b which appears to be compensating, indicating that Cc2d1a and Cc2d1b have a redundant function in humans and mice. Here, we generate an allelic series of Cc2d1a and Cc2d1b LOF to determine the relative role of these genes during behavioral development. We generated Cc2d1b knockout (KO), Cc2d1a/1b double heterozygous and double KO mice, then performed behavioral studies to analyze learning and memory, social interactions, anxiety, and hyperactivity. We found that Cc2d1a and Cc2d1b have partially overlapping roles. Overall, loss of Cc2d1b is less severe than loss of Cc2d1a, only leading to cognitive deficits, while Cc2d1a/1b double heterozygous animals are similar to Cc2d1a-deficient mice. These results will help us better understand the deficits in individuals with CC2D1A mutations, suggesting that recessive CC2D1B mutations and trans-heterozygous CC2D1A and CC2D1B mutations could also contribute to the genetics of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zamarbide
- GW Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Adam W Oaks
- GW Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather L Pond
- GW Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Julia S Adelman
- GW Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - M Chiara Manzini
- GW Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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23
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DDX3 Modulates Neurite Development via Translationally Activating an RNA Regulon Involved in Rac1 Activation. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9792-804. [PMID: 27656019 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4603-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The RNA helicase DDX3 is a component of neuronal granules, and its gene mutations are linked to intellectual disability (ID). Here we demonstrate that DDX3 depletion in neurons impairs neurite development by downregulating Rac1 level and activation. Moreover, DDX3 activates the translation of functionally coherent mRNAs involved in Rac1 activation including Rac1 Among the DDX3 regulon, Prkaca encodes the catalytic subunit of PKA, a potential activator of Rac1 in neurons. DDX3-modulated PKAcα and Rac1 expression tunes the strength of PKA-Rac1 signaling and thereby contributes to neurite outgrowth and dendritic spine formation. Inhibition of DDX3 activity or expression in neonatal mice impaired dendritic outgrowth and spine formation of hippocampal neurons, echoing neuronal deficits underling DDX3 mutation-associated ID. Finally, we provide evidence that DDX3 activates local protein synthesis through a 5' UTR-dependent mechanism in neurons. The novel DDX3 regulon may conduct a spatial and temporal control of Rac1 signaling to regulate neurite development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT DDX3X mutations are linked to intellectual disability (ID). We provide first evidence that DDX3 is required for neurite outgrowth and dendritic spine formation in vitro and in vivo We identified a DDX3 regulon constituting functionally cohesive mRNAs involved in Rac1 signaling, which contributes to DDX3-modulated neurite development. Inhibition or ablation of DDX3 in vivo shortened neurite lengths and impaired dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons, reflecting the prevalence of ID-associated DDX3X mutations in the helicase domain. Mechanistically, DDX3 activates local protein synthesis of mRNAs sharing similar 5' UTR structures and therefore controls Rac1 signaling strength in neurites.
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24
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Sadoul R, Laporte MH, Chassefeyre R, Chi KI, Goldberg Y, Chatellard C, Hemming FJ, Fraboulet S. The role of ESCRT during development and functioning of the nervous system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:40-49. [PMID: 28811263 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is made of subcomplexes (ESCRT 0-III), crucial to membrane remodelling at endosomes, nuclear envelope and cell surface. ESCRT-III shapes membranes and in most cases cooperates with the ATPase VPS4 to mediate fission of membrane necks from the inside. The first ESCRT complexes mainly serve to catalyse the formation of ESCRT-III but can be bypassed by accessory proteins like the Alg-2 interacting protein-X (ALIX). In the nervous system, ALIX/ESCRT controls the survival of embryonic neural progenitors and later on the outgrowth and pruning of axons and dendrites, all necessary steps to establish a functional brain. In the adult brain, ESCRTs allow the endosomal turn over of synaptic vesicle proteins while stable ESCRT complexes might serve as scaffolds for the postsynaptic parts. The necessity of ESCRT for the harmonious function of the brain has its pathological counterpart, the mutations in CHMP2B of ESCRT-III giving rise to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Sadoul
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Marine H Laporte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Chassefeyre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Kwang Il Chi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Goldberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Chatellard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Fiona J Hemming
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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25
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Souslova T, Mirédin K, Millar AM, Albert PR. Recruitment by the Repressor Freud-1 of Histone Deacetylase-Brg1 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes to Strengthen HTR1A Gene Repression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8263-8277. [PMID: 27914010 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Five-prime repressor element under dual repression binding protein-1 (Freud-1)/CC2D1A is genetically linked to intellectual disability and implicated in neuronal development. Freud-1 represses the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor gene HTR1A by histone deacetylase (HDAC)-dependent or HDAC-independent mechanisms in 5-HT1A-negative (e.g., HEK-293) or 5-HT1A-expressing cells (SK-N-SH), respectively. To identify the underlying mechanisms, Freud-1-associated proteins were affinity-purified from HEK-293 nuclear extracts and members of the Brg1/SMARCCA chromatin remodeling and Sin3A-HDAC corepressor complexes were identified. Pull-down assays using recombinant proteins showed that Freud-1 interacts directly with the Brg1 carboxyl-terminal domain; interaction with Brg1 required the carboxyl-terminal of Freud-1. Freud-1 complexes in HEK-293 and SK-N-SH cells differed, with low levels of BAF170/SMARCC2 and BAF57/SMARCE1 in HEK-293 cells and low-undetectable BAF155/SMARCC1, Sin3A, and HDAC1/2 in SK-N-SH cells. Similarly, by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation, Brg1-BAF170/57 and Sin3A-HDAC complexes were observed at the HTR1A promoter in HEK-293 cells, whereas in SK-N-SH cells, Sin3A-HDAC proteins were not detected. Quantifying 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels in cells treated with siRNA to Freud-1, Brg1, or both RNAs addressed the functional role of the Freud-1-Brg1 complex. In HEK-293 cells, 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels were increased only when both Freud-1 and Brg1 were depleted, but in SK-N-SH cells, depletion of either protein upregulated 5-HT1A receptor RNA. Thus, recruitment by Freud-1 of Brg1, BAF155, and Sin3A-HDAC complexes appears to strengthen repression of the HTR1A gene to prevent its expression inappropriate cell types, while recruitment of the Brg1-BAF170/57 complex is permissive to 5-HT1A receptor expression. Alterations in Freud-1-Brg1 interactions in mutants associated with intellectual disability could impair gene repression leading to altered neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Souslova
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience) and UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kim Mirédin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience) and UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Anne M Millar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience) and UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience) and UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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26
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Deshar R, Cho EB, Yoon SK, Yoon JB. CC2D1A and CC2D1B regulate degradation and signaling of EGFR and TLR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:280-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Drusenheimer N, Migdal B, Jäckel S, Tveriakhina L, Scheider K, Schulz K, Gröper J, Köhrer K, Klein T. The Mammalian Orthologs of Drosophila Lgd, CC2D1A and CC2D1B, Function in the Endocytic Pathway, but Their Individual Loss of Function Does Not Affect Notch Signalling. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005749. [PMID: 26720614 PMCID: PMC4697852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CC2D1A and CC2D1B belong to the evolutionary conserved Lgd protein family with members in all multi-cellular animals. Several functions such as centrosomal cleavage, involvement in signalling pathways, immune response and synapse maturation have been described for CC2D1A. Moreover, the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog Lgd was shown to be involved in the endosomal trafficking of the Notch receptor and other transmembrane receptors and physically interacts with the ESCRT-III component Shrub/CHMP4. To determine if this function is conserved in mammals we generated and characterized Cc2d1a and Cc2d1b conditional knockout mice. While Cc2d1b deficient mice displayed no obvious phenotype, we found that Cc2d1a deficient mice as well as conditional mutants that lack CC2D1A only in the nervous system die shortly after birth due to respiratory distress. This finding confirms the suspicion that the breathing defect is caused by the central nervous system. However, an involvement in centrosomal function could not be confirmed in Cc2d1a deficient MEF cells. To analyse an influence on Notch signalling, we generated intestine specific Cc2d1a mutant mice. These mice did not display any alterations in goblet cell number, proliferating cell number or expression of the Notch reporter Hes1-emGFP, suggesting that CC2D1A is not required for Notch signalling. However, our EM analysis revealed that the average size of endosomes of Cc2d1a mutant cells, but not Cc2d1b mutant cells, is increased, indicating a defect in endosomal morphogenesis. We could show that CC2D1A and its interaction partner CHMP4B are localised on endosomes in MEF cells, when the activity of the endosomal protein VPS4 is reduced. This indicates that CC2D1A cycles between the cytosol and the endosomal membrane. Additionally, in rescue experiments in D. melanogaster, CC2D1A and CC2D1B were able to functionally replace Lgd. Altogether our data suggest a functional conservation of the Lgd protein family in the ESCRT-III mediated process in metazoans. The proteins of the Lgd/CC2D1 family are conserved in all multicellular animals. The Drosophila melanogaster ortholog Lgd is involved in the regulation of signalling receptor degradation via the endosomal pathway. Loss of lgd function causes ectopic ligand-independent activation of the Notch signalling pathway due to a defect in the endosomal pathway. For the mammalian proteins no endosomal function has been defined so far. Here, we asked whether the function of Lgd is conserved in mammals with the focus on the question whether its orthologs are also involved in the endosomal pathway and regulation of Notch pathway activity. Therefore, we generated and characterised Cc2d1a and Cc2d1b conditional knockout mice. We found that the loss of Cc2d1b does not lead to an obvious phenotype, while the known lethality of Cc2d1a deficient newborns is nervous system dependent. In experiments with MEFs isolated from knockout animals we provide evidence that both CC2D1 proteins are involved in the function of the ESCRT-III complex in a similar manner as Lgd in D. melanogaster. Moreover, we found that the loss of one CC2D1 protein is not sufficient to cause ectopic activation of Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Drusenheimer
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (ND); (TK)
| | - Bernhard Migdal
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Jäckel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Tveriakhina
- Institut für Molekularbiologie OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina Scheider
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Schulz
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jieny Gröper
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (ND); (TK)
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Yamada T, Amann JM, Fukuda K, Takeuchi S, Fujita N, Uehara H, Iwakiri S, Itoi K, Shilo K, Yano S, Carbone DP. Akt Kinase-Interacting Protein 1 Signals through CREB to Drive Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4188-97. [PMID: 26294214 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) is a tumor of serosal membranes with propensity for progressive local disease. Because current treatment options are largely ineffective, novel therapeutic strategies based on molecular mechanisms and the disease characteristics are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with this disease. Akt kinase interacting protein 1 (Aki1; Freud-1/CC2D1A) is a scaffold protein for the PI3K-PDK1-Akt signaling module that helps determine receptor signal selectivity for EGFR. Aki1 has been suggested as a therapeutic target, but its potential has yet to be evaluated in a tumor setting. Here, we report evidence supporting its definition as a therapeutic target in DMM. In cell-based assays, Aki1 silencing decreased cell viability and caused cell-cycle arrest of multiple DMM cell lines via effects on the PKA-CREB1 signaling pathway. Blocking CREB activity phenocopied Aki1 silencing. Clinically, Aki1 was expressed in most human DMM specimens where its expression correlated with phosphorylated CREB1. Notably, Aki1 siRNA potently blocked tumor growth in an orthotopic implantation model of DMM when administered directly into the pleural cavity of tumor-bearing mice. Our findings suggest an important role for the Aki1-CREB axis in DMM pathogenesis and provide a preclinical rationale to target Aki1 by intrathoracic therapy in locally advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio. Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Joseph M Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwakiri
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Itoi
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Konstantin Shilo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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29
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Nebel RA, Kirschen J, Cai J, Woo YJ, Cherian K, Abrahams BS. Reciprocal Relationship between Head Size, an Autism Endophenotype, and Gene Dosage at 19p13.12 Points to AKAP8 and AKAP8L. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129270. [PMID: 26076356 PMCID: PMC4468215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephaly and macrocephaly are overrepresented in individuals with autism and are thought to be disease-related risk factors or endophenotypes. Analysis of DNA microarray results from a family with a low functioning autistic child determined that the proband and two additional unaffected family members who carry a rare inherited 760 kb duplication of unknown clinical significance at 19p13.12 are macrocephalic. Consideration alongside overlapping deletion and duplication events in the literature provides support for a strong relationship between gene dosage at this locus and head size, with losses and gains associated with microcephaly (p=1.11x10(-11)) and macrocephaly (p=2.47x10(-11)), respectively. Data support A kinase anchor protein 8 and 8-like (AKAP8 and AKAP8L) as candidate genes involved in regulation of head growth, an interesting finding given previous work implicating the AKAP gene family in autism. Towards determination of which of AKAP8 and AKAP8L may be involved in the modulation of head size and risk for disease, we analyzed exome sequencing data for 693 autism families (2591 individuals) where head circumference data were available. No predicted loss of function variants were observed, precluding insights into relationship to head size, but highlighting strong evolutionary conservation. Taken together, findings support the idea that gene dosage at 19p13.12, and AKAP8 and/or AKAP8L in particular, play an important role in modulation of head size and may contribute to autism risk. Exome sequencing of the family also identified a rare inherited variant predicted to disrupt splicing of TPTE / PTEN2, a PTEN homologue, which may likewise contribute to both macrocephaly and autism risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Nebel
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jill Kirschen
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinlu Cai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Young Jae Woo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Koshi Cherian
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Epilepsy Management Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Brett S. Abrahams
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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30
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Manzini MC, Xiong L, Shaheen R, Tambunan DE, Di Costanzo S, Mitisalis V, Tischfield DJ, Cinquino A, Ghaziuddin M, Christian M, Jiang Q, Laurent S, Nanjiani ZA, Rasheed S, Hill RS, Lizarraga SB, Gleason D, Sabbagh D, Salih MA, Alkuraya FS, Walsh CA. CC2D1A regulates human intellectual and social function as well as NF-κB signaling homeostasis. Cell Rep 2014; 8:647-55. [PMID: 25066123 PMCID: PMC4334362 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are often comorbid, but the extent to which they share common genetic causes remains controversial. Here, we present two autosomal-recessive "founder" mutations in the CC2D1A gene causing fully penetrant cognitive phenotypes, including mild-to-severe ID, ASD, as well as seizures, suggesting shared developmental mechanisms. CC2D1A regulates multiple intracellular signaling pathways, and we found its strongest effect to be on the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Cc2d1a gain and loss of function both increase activation of NF-κB, revealing a critical role of Cc2d1a in homeostatic control of intracellular signaling. Cc2d1a knockdown in neurons reduces dendritic complexity and increases NF-κB activity, and the effects of Cc2d1a depletion can be rescued by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Homeostatic regulation of neuronal signaling pathways provides a mechanism whereby common founder mutations could manifest diverse symptoms in different patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiara Manzini
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lan Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Centre of Montreal Mental Health University Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2L 2W5, Canada
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimira E Tambunan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefania Di Costanzo
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vanessa Mitisalis
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Tischfield
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonella Cinquino
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghaziuddin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mehtab Christian
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2L 2W5, Canada
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Centre of Montreal Mental Health University Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Sandra Laurent
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2L 2W5, Canada
| | - Zohair A Nanjiani
- Ma Ayesha Memorial Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi 75350, Pakistan
| | | | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sofia B Lizarraga
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle Gleason
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diya Sabbagh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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31
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Al-Tawashi A, Gehring C. Phosphodiesterase activity is regulated by CC2D1A that is implicated in non-syndromic intellectual disability. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:47. [PMID: 23826796 PMCID: PMC3704924 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a key regulator of many cellular processes, including in the neuronal system, and its activity is tuned by Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activation. Further, the CC2D1A protein, consisting of N-Terminal containing four DM14 domains and C-terminal containing C2 domain, was shown to regulate the cAMP-PKA pathway. A human deletion mutation lacking the fourth DM14 and the adjacent C2 domain results in Non Syndromic Intellectual Disability (NSID) also referred to as Non Syndromic Mental Retardation (NSMR). Findings Here we demonstrate that in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEF) CC2D1A co-localizes with PDE4D in the cytosol before cAMP stimulation and on the periphery after stimulation, and that the movement to the periphery requires the full-length CC2D1A. In CC2D1A mouse mutant cells, the absence of three of the four DM14 domains abolishes migration of the complex to the periphery and causes constitutive phosphorylation of PDE4D Serine 126 (S126) via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) resulting in PDE4D hyperactivity. Suppressing PDE4D activity with Rolipram in turn restores the down-stream phosphorylation of the “cAMP response element-binding protein” (CREB) that is defective in mouse mutant cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CC2D1A is a novel regulator of PDE4D. CC2D1A interacts directly with PDE4D regulating its activity and thereby fine-tuning cAMP-dependent downstream signaling. Based on our in vitro evidence we propose a model which links CC2D1A structure and function to cAMP homeostasis thereby affecting CREB phosphorylation. We speculate that CC2D1A and/or PDE4D may be promising targets for therapeutic interventions in many disorders with impaired PDE4D function such as NSID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Al-Tawashi
- Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 77030 Houston, TX, USA.
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