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Thomas D, Palczewski M, Kuschman H, Hoffman B, Yang H, Glynn S, Wilson D, Kool E, Montfort W, Chang J, Petenkaya A, Chronis C, Cundari T, Sappa S, Islam K, McVicar D, Fan Y, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Sierk M. Nitric oxide inhibits ten-eleven translocation DNA demethylases to regulate 5mC and 5hmC across the genome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4131804. [PMID: 38645113 PMCID: PMC11030528 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131804/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation at cytosine bases of eukaryotic DNA (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a heritable epigenetic mark that can regulate gene expression in health and disease. Enzymes that metabolize 5mC have been well-characterized, yet the discovery of endogenously produced signaling molecules that regulate DNA methyl-modifying machinery have not been described. Herein, we report that the free radical signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) can directly inhibit the Fe(II)/2-OG-dependent DNA demethylases ten-eleven translocation (TET) and human AlkB homolog 2 (ALKBH2). Physiologic NO concentrations reversibly inhibited TET and ALKBH2 demethylase activity by binding to the mononuclear non-heme iron atom which formed a dinitrosyliron complex (DNIC) preventing cosubstrates (2-OG and O2) from binding. In cancer cells treated with exogenous NO, or cells endogenously synthesizing NO, there was a global increase in 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA, the substrates for TET, that could not be attributed to increased DNA methyltransferase activity. 5mC was also elevated in NO-producing cell-line-derived mouse xenograft and patient-derived xenograft tumors. Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis of cells chronically treated with NO (10 days) demonstrated enrichment of 5mC and 5hmC at gene-regulatory loci which correlated to changes in the expression of NO-regulated tumor-associated genes. Regulation of DNA methylation is distinctly different from canonical NO signaling and represents a novel epigenetic role for NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne Palczewski
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hannah Kuschman
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Hao Yang
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry
| | - Sharon Glynn
- University of Galway, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, D. of Pathology
| | | | - Eric Kool
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry, School of Humanities and Sciences
| | | | - Jenny Chang
- Houston Methodist, Department of Medicine and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Aydolun Petenkaya
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Constantinos Chronis
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | | | - Sushma Sappa
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Daniel McVicar
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research
| | - Yu Fan
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
| | - Qingrong Chen
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
| | - Michael Sierk
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
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Uzungil V, Luza S, Opazo CM, Mees I, Li S, Ang CS, Williamson NA, Bush AI, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Phosphoproteomics implicates glutamatergic and dopaminergic signalling in the antidepressant-like properties of the iron chelator deferiprone. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109837. [PMID: 38184274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current antidepressants have limitations due to insufficient efficacy and delay before improvement in symptoms. Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene have been linked to depression (when combined with stressful life events) and altered response to selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors. We have previously revealed the antidepressant-like properties of the iron chelator deferiprone in the 5-HTT knock-out (KO) mouse model of depression. Furthermore, deferiprone was found to alter neural activity in the prefrontal cortex of both wild-type (WT) and 5-HTT KO mice. METHODS In the current study, we examined the molecular effects of acute deferiprone treatment in the prefrontal cortex of both genotypes via phosphoproteomics analysis. RESULTS In WT mice treated with deferiprone, there were 22 differentially expressed phosphosites, with gene ontology analysis implicating cytoskeletal proteins. In 5-HTT KO mice treated with deferiprone, we found 33 differentially expressed phosphosites. Gene ontology analyses revealed phosphoproteins that were predominantly involved in synaptic and glutamatergic signalling. In a drug-naïve cohort (without deferiprone administration), the analysis revealed 21 differentially expressed phosphosites in 5-HTT KO compared to WT mice. We confirmed the deferiprone-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase serine 40 residue phosphorylation (pTH-Ser40) (initially revealed in our phosphoproteomics study) by Western blot analysis, with deferiprone increasing pTH-Ser40 expression in WT and 5-HTT KO mice. CONCLUSION As glutamatergic and synaptic signalling are dysfunctional in 5-HTT KO mice (and are the target of fast-acting antidepressant drugs such as ketamine), these molecular effects may underpin deferiprone's antidepressant-like properties. Furthermore, dopaminergic signalling may also be involved in deferiprone's antidepressant-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Uzungil
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sandra Luza
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos M Opazo
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Isaline Mees
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and H 2S in cancer cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108502. [PMID: 37517510 PMCID: PMC10529678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three endogenously produced gases with important functions in the vasculature, immune defense, and inflammation. It is increasingly apparent that, far from working in isolation, these three exert many effects by modulating each other's activity. Each gas is produced by three enzymes, which have some tissue specificities and can also be non-enzymatically produced by redox reactions of various substrates. Both NO and CO share similar properties, such as activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. At the same time, H2S both inhibits phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), an enzyme that metabolizes sGC and exerts redox regulation on sGC. The role of NO, CO, and H2S in the setting of cancer has been quite perplexing, as there is evidence for both tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory effects and anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Each gasotransmitter has been found to have dual effects on different aspects of cancer biology, including cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. These seemingly contradictory actions may relate to each gas having a dual effect dependent on its local flux. In this review, we discuss the major roles of NO, CO, and H2S in the context of cancer, with an effort to highlight the dual nature of each gas in different events occurring during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York 10091, USA.
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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Zhang G, Qin Q, Zhang C, Sun X, Kazama K, Yi B, Cheng F, Guo ZF, Sun J. NDRG1 Signaling Is Essential for Endothelial Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling. Circ Res 2023; 132:306-319. [PMID: 36562299 PMCID: PMC9898177 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NDRG-1 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1) is a member of NDRG family that plays essential roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and stress responses. Although the expression of NDRG1 is regulated by fluid shear stress, its roles in vascular biology remain poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to determine the functional significance of NDRG1 in vascular inflammation and remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS By using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the expression of NDRG1 is markedly increased in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells and in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. To determine the role of NDRG1 in endothelial activation, we performed loss-of-function studies using NDRG1 short hairpin RNA. Our results demonstrate that NDRG1 knockdown by lentivirus bearing NDRG1 short hairpin RNA substantially attenuates both IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)-induced expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. Intriguingly, inhibition of NDRG1 also significantly attenuates the expression of procoagulant molecules, such as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1) and TF (tissue factor), and increases the expression of TM (thrombomodulin) and t-PA (tissue-type plasminogen activator), thus exerting potent antithrombotic effects in endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we showed that NDRG1 interacts with orphan Nur77 (nuclear receptor) and functionally inhibits the transcriptional activity of Nur77 and NF-κB (nuclear factor Kappa B) in endothelial cells. Moreover, in NDRG1 knockdown cells, both cytokine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, c-Jun phosphorylation, and AP-1 (activator protein 1) transcriptional activity are substantially inhibited. Neointima and atherosclerosis formation induced by carotid artery ligation and arterial thrombosis were markedly attenuated in endothelial cell-specific NDRG1 knockout mice compared with their wild-type littermates. CONCLUSIONS Our results for the first time identify NDRG1 as a critical mediator implicated in regulating endothelial inflammation, thrombotic responses, and vascular remodeling, and suggest that inhibition of NDRG1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory vascular diseases, such as atherothrombosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- the Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyosuke Kazama
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Russell TM, Richardson DR. The good Samaritan glutathione-S-transferase P1: An evolving relationship in nitric oxide metabolism mediated by the direct interactions between multiple effector molecules. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102568. [PMID: 36563536 PMCID: PMC9800640 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification isozymes that conjugate glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotics and also suppress redox stress. It was suggested that GSTs have evolved not to enhance their GSH affinity, but to better interact with and metabolize cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO). The interactions between NO and GSTs involve their ability to bind and store NO as dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes (DNICs) within cells. Additionally, the association of GSTP1 with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) results in its inhibition. The function of NO in vasodilation together with studies associating GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotypes with preeclampsia, additionally suggests an intriguing connection between NO and GSTs. Furthermore, suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity occurs upon increased levels of GSTP1 or NO that decreases transcription of JNK target genes such as c-Jun and c-Fos, which inhibit apoptosis. This latter effect is mediated by the direct association of GSTs with MAPK proteins. GSTP1 can also inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling through its interactions with IKKβ and Iκα, resulting in decreased iNOS expression and the stimulation of apoptosis. It can be suggested that the inhibitory activity of GSTP1 within the JNK and NF-κB pathways may be involved in crosstalk between survival and apoptosis pathways and modulating NO-mediated ROS generation. These studies highlight an innovative role of GSTs in NO metabolism through their interaction with multiple effector proteins, with GSTP1 functioning as a "good Samaritan" within each pathway to promote favorable cellular conditions and NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Russell
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia,Corresponding author. Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia.
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Pillars and Gaps of S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation in Physiology and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121424. [PMID: 34947954 PMCID: PMC8704633 DOI: 10.3390/life11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which release NO during the metabolism of the amino acid arginine. NO participates in pathophysiological responses of many different tissues, inducing concentration-dependent effect. Indeed, while low NO levels generally have protective effects, higher NO concentrations induce cytotoxic/cytostatic actions. In recent years, evidences have been accumulated unveiling S-nitrosylation as a major NO-dependent post-translational mechanism ruling gene expression. S-nitrosylation is a reversible, highly regulated phenomenon in which NO reacts with one or few specific cysteine residues of target proteins generating S-nitrosothiols. By inducing this chemical modification, NO might exert epigenetic regulation through direct effects on both DNA and histones as well as through indirect actions affecting the functions of transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. In this light, S-nitrosylation may also impact on cancer cell gene expression programs. Indeed, it affects different cell pathways and functions ranging from the impairment of DNA damage repair to the modulation of the activity of signal transduction molecules, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromatin remodelers. Nitrosylation is therefore a versatile tool by which NO might control gene expression programs in health and disease.
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The Relationship of Glutathione- S-Transferase and Multi-Drug Resistance-Related Protein 1 in Nitric Oxide (NO) Transport and Storage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195784. [PMID: 34641326 PMCID: PMC8510172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a diatomic gas that has traditionally been viewed, particularly in the context of chemical fields, as a toxic, pungent gas that is the product of ammonia oxidation. However, nitric oxide has been associated with many biological roles including cell signaling, macrophage cytotoxicity, and vasodilation. More recently, a model for nitric oxide trafficking has been proposed where nitric oxide is regulated in the form of dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes, which are much less toxic and have a significantly greater half-life than free nitric oxide. Our laboratory has previously examined this hypothesis in tumor cells and has demonstrated that dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes are transported and stored by multi-drug resistance-related protein 1 and glutathione-S-transferase P1. A crystal structure of a dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complex with glutathione-S-transferase P1 has been solved that demonstrates that a tyrosine residue in glutathione-S-transferase P1 is responsible for binding dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes. Considering the roles of nitric oxide in vasodilation and many other processes, a physiological model of nitric oxide transport and storage would be valuable in understanding nitric oxide physiology and pathophysiology.
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In silico modeling and molecular docking insights of kaempferitrin for colon cancer-related molecular targets. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mazurek M, Rola R. The implications of nitric oxide metabolism in the treatment of glial tumors. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105172. [PMID: 34461111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glial tumors are the most common intracranial malignancies. Unfortunately, despite such a high prevalence, patients' prognosis is usually poor. It is related to the high invasiveness, tendency to relapse and the resistance of tumors to traditional methods of treatment. An important link in the aspect of these issues may be nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. It is a very complex mechanism with multidirectional effects on the neoplastic process. Depending on the concentration axis, it can both exert pro-tumor action as well as contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. The latest observations show that the control of its metabolism can be very helpful in the development of new methods of treating gliomas, as well as in increasing the effectiveness of the agents currently used. The influence of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity on glioma stem cells seem to be of particular importance. The use of specific inhibitors may allow the reduction of tumor growth and its tendency to relapse. Another important feature of GSCs is their conditioning of glioma resistance to traditional forms of treatment. Recent studies have shown that modulation of NO metabolism can suppress this effect, preventing the induction of radio and chemoresistance. Moreover, nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of a number of immune mechanisms. Adequate modulation of its metabolism may contribute to the induction of an anti-tumor response in the patients' immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University in Lublin, Poland.
| | - Radosław Rola
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University in Lublin, Poland
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Bassey IE, Emodi BA, Akpan UO, Iyakndue IFA, Anakebe EA, Icha BE, Efobi HA, Ntinya AJ, Udoh AE. Impact of Androgen Deprivation on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Nigerian Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:1481-1489. [PMID: 33001740 PMCID: PMC7605378 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality rate are increasing in Africa. Some have linked oxidative stress with the pathogenesis of cancer. This study assessed the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total plasma peroxide (TPP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Nigerian patients with CaP. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred twenty patients with CaP and 100 apparently healthy controls were consecutively recruited into this case-control study. The patients with CaP were divided into treatment-naïve and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)–treated groups. Anthropometric indices were measured, and MDA, NO, TAC, and TPP were assayed by colorimetric methods. The t test and analysis of variance were used in analysis of data; statistical significance was set at P < .05, and 95% CIs were reported. RESULTS The patients with CaP had significantly higher waist-hip ratios and NO (P = .0001), TPP (P = .001), oxidative stress index (OSI; P = .003), and MDA values (P = .002) than controls. The treatment-naive patients with CaP had significantly higher waist-hip ratios (P = .011) and TPP (P = .013), MDA (P = .011), and NO values (P = .0001) and lower TAC values (P = .013) compared with the controls. The ADT-treated patients had higher waist-hip ratios (P = .0001) and TPP (P = .005), OSI (P = .005), MDA (P = .011), and NO values (P = .0001) than the controls. However, the treatment-naive patients had significantly higher NO values (P = .05) only compared with the ADT-treated patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between MDA and duration of treatment (r = 0.280, P = .018) in ADT-treated patients with CaP. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that patients with CaP have higher levels of TPP, MDA, and NO and lower levels of TAC compared with men without CaP. In addition, even in patients with CaP undergoing treatment, TPP and MDA levels remained high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iya Eze Bassey
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Abosede Emodi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Uwem Okon Akpan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Edim Azubuike Anakebe
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bassey Edward Icha
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Henry Afamuefuna Efobi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Akan Joshua Ntinya
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Sahebnasagh A, Saghafi F, Negintaji S, Hu T, Shabani-Boroujeni M, Safdari M, Ghaleno HR, Miao L, Qi Y, Wang M, Liao P, Sureda A, Simal-Gándara J, Nabavi SM, Xiao J. Nitric Oxide and Immune Responses in Cancer: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1561-1595. [PMID: 34238142 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210707194543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the mysterious functions of nitric oxide (NO) and how this pleiotropic signaling molecule contributes to tumorigenesis. This review attempts to expose and discuss the information available on the immunomodulatory role of NO in cancer and recent approaches to the role of NO donors in the area of immunotherapy. To address the goal, the following databases were searched to identify relevant literature concerning empirical evidence: The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE from 1980 through March 2020. Valuable attempts have been made to develop distinctive NO-based cancer therapy. Although the data do not allow generalization, the evidence seems to indicate that low / moderate levels may favor tumorigenesis while higher levels would exert anti-tumor effects. In this sense, the use of NO donors could have an important therapeutic potential within immunotherapy, although there are still no clinical trials. The emerging understanding of NO-regulated immune responses in cancer may help unravel the recent features of this "double-edged sword" in cancer physiological and pathologic processes and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. In short, in this review, we discuss the complex cellular mechanism in which NO, as a pleiotropic signaling molecule, participates in cancer pathophysiology. We also debate the dual role of NO in cancer and tumor progression, and clinical approaches for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) based therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saghafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sina Negintaji
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tingyan Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mojtaba Shabani-Boroujeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezai Ghaleno
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Lingchao Miao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yaping Qi
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road. Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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13
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Truzzi DR, Medeiros NM, Augusto O, Ford PC. Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (DNICs). From Spontaneous Assembly to Biological Roles. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15835-15845. [PMID: 34014639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) are spontaneously and rapidly generated in cells. Their assembly requires nitric oxide (NO), biothiols, and nonheme iron, either labile iron or iron-sulfur clusters. Despite ubiquitous detection by electron paramagnetic resonance in NO-producing cells, the DNIC's chemical biology remains only partially understood. In this Forum Article, we address the reaction mechanisms for endogenous DNIC formation, with a focus on a labile iron pool as the iron source. The capability of DNICs to promote S-nitrosation is discussed in terms of S-nitrosothiol generation associated with the formation and chemical reactivity of DNICs. We also highlight how elucidation of the chemical reactivity and the dynamics of DNICs combined with the development of detection/quantification methods can provide further information regarding their participation in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R Truzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077, CEP05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077, CEP05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077, CEP05513-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter C Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
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14
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Palczewski MB, Kuschman HP, Bovee R, Hickok JR, Thomas DD. Vorinostat exhibits anticancer effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells by preventing nitric oxide-driven histone deacetylation. Biol Chem 2021; 402:501-512. [PMID: 33938179 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) that produce nitric oxide (NO) are more aggressive, and the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is a negative prognostic indicator. In these studies, we set out to investigate potential therapeutic strategies to counter the tumor-permissive properties of NO. We found that exposure to NO increased proliferation of TNBC cells and that treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) prevented this proliferation. When histone acetylation was measured in response to NO and/or SAHA, NO significantly decreased acetylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and SAHA increased H3K9ac. If NO and SAHA were sequentially administered to cells (in either order), an increase in acetylation was observed in all cases. Mechanistic studies suggest that the "deacetylase" activity of NO does not involve S-nitrosothiols or soluble guanylyl cyclase activation. The observed decrease in histone acetylation by NO required the interaction of NO with cellular iron pools and may be an overriding effect of NO-mediated increases in histone methylation at the same lysine residues. Our data revealed a novel pathway interaction of Vorinostat and provides new insight in therapeutic strategy for aggressive TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B Palczewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hannah Petraitis Kuschman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Rhea Bovee
- DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, USA
| | - Jason R Hickok
- IRBM S.p.A., IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina Km. 30.600, I-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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15
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Khan FH, Dervan E, Bhattacharyya DD, McAuliffe JD, Miranda KM, Glynn SA. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Cancer: Master Regulator or NOt? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249393. [PMID: 33321789 PMCID: PMC7763974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key player in both the development and suppression of tumourigenesis depending on the source and concentration of NO. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which NO induces DNA damage, influences the DNA damage repair response, and subsequently modulates cell cycle arrest. In some circumstances, NO induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis protecting against tumourigenesis. NO in other scenarios can cause a delay in cell cycle progression, allowing for aberrant DNA repair that promotes the accumulation of mutations and tumour heterogeneity. Within the tumour microenvironment, low to moderate levels of NO derived from tumour and endothelial cells can activate angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promoting an aggressive phenotype. In contrast, high levels of NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressing M1 and Th1 polarised macrophages and lymphocytes may exert an anti-tumour effect protecting against cancer. It is important to note that the existing evidence on immunomodulation is mainly based on murine iNOS studies which produce higher fluxes of NO than human iNOS. Finally, we discuss different strategies to target NO related pathways therapeutically. Collectively, we present a picture of NO as a master regulator of cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan H. Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Eoin Dervan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Dibyangana D. Bhattacharyya
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jake D. McAuliffe
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Katrina M. Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Park KC, Paluncic J, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Pharmacological targeting and the diverse functions of the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:154-175. [PMID: 31132412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor that is regulated by hypoxia, metal ions including iron, the free radical nitric oxide (NO.), and various stress stimuli. This intriguing molecule exhibits diverse functions in cancer, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and angiogenesis by modulation of a plethora of oncogenes via cellular signaling. Thus, pharmacological targeting of NDRG1 signaling in cancer is a promising therapeutic strategy. Of note, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone series, which exert the "double punch" mechanism by binding metal ions to form redox-active complexes, have been demonstrated to markedly up-regulate NDRG1 expression in cancer cells. This review describes the mechanisms underlying NDRG1 modulation by the thiosemicarbazones and the diverse effects NDRG1 exerts in cancer. As a major induction mechanism, iron depletion appears critical, with NO. also inducing NDRG1 through its ability to bind iron and generate dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes, which are then effluxed from cells. Apart from its potent anti-metastatic role, several studies have reported a pro-oncogenic role of NDRG1 in a number of cancer-types. Hence, it has been suggested that NDRG1 plays pleiotropic roles depending on the cancer-type. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying NDRG1 pleiotropy remain elusive, but are linked to differential regulation of WNT signaling and potentially differential interaction with the tumor suppressor, PTEN. This review discusses NDRG1 induction mechanisms by metal ions and NO. and both the anti- and possible pro-oncogenic functions of NDRG1 in multiple cancer-types and compares the opposite effects this protein exerts on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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17
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Tao R, Wang C, Lu Y, Zhang C, Zhou H, Chen H, Li W. Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Polyprenol Lipid and Vitamin E-TPGS Hybrid Nanoparticles for Betulinic Acid and Low-Substituted Hydroxyl Fullerenol in MHCC97H and L02 Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2733-2749. [PMID: 32368052 PMCID: PMC7184125 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s249773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study demonstrated an innovative formulation including the polyprenol (GBP) lipid and vitamin E-TPGS hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) which was aimed to control the transfer of betulinic acid (BA) and low-substituted hydroxyl fullerenol (C60(OH)n). Additionally, it developed BA-C60(OH)n-GBP-TPGS-NPs delivery system and researched the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effects. Materials and Methods The NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation with ultrasonic-assisted emulsification (UAE) method. It was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectrum, size distribution and zeta potential. Physical and chemical properties were evaluated through measurement of drug release, stability studies, drug loading efficiency (DE) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Biological activities were evaluated through measurement of MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay (LDH), cell proliferation assays, cell apoptosis analysis, comet assay, wound healing assay, cell invasion and Western blot analysis. Results and Conclusions The NPs exhibited clear distribution characteristics, improved solubility and stability. BA and C60(OH)n for the NPs displayed a biphasic release pattern with sustained drug release properties. The mixture of C60(OH)n with different hydroxyl groups may have a certain effect on the stability of the NPs system itself. The NPs could effectively inhibit MHCC97H cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Combined use of C60(OH)n and BA in GBP lipids may improve the inhibit effect of C60(OH)n or BA against HCC cells and reduce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of C60(OH)n for normal cells. We concluded that one of the important mechanisms of BA-C60(OH)n-GBP-TPGS-NPs inhibiting MHCC97H cells is achieved by up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Lu
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - WenJun Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, People's Republic of China
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18
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Tsai CK, Huang LC, Wu YP, Kan IY, Hueng DY. SNAP reverses temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme cells through down-regulation of MGMT. FASEB J 2019; 33:14171-14184. [PMID: 31725331 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901021rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and gravest primary tumor of the CNS in adults. The development of chemoresistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapy for GBM, is an important factor contributing to poor treatment outcomes. Down-regulation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in GBM cells is an attractive strategy for overcoming TMZ resistance and improving outcomes. This study revealed that the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) exerts antitumorigenic effects on TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant (TMZ-R) glioma cells. Pretreatment with SNAP not only induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypoxia-inducing factor 1, but also resensitized TMZ-R GBM cells to TMZ through down-regulation of MGMT expression. SNAP acted principally through post-translational modification of p53, phosphorylated N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, and MGMT protein stability in TMZ-R GBM cells. Additionally, when applied together, SNAP and TMZ enhanced the inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. This study sheds new light on a potential strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM and thus possesses the potential for prolonging survival of patients with GBM.-Tsai, C.-K., Huang, L.-C., Wu, Y.-P., Kan, I.-Y., Hueng, D.-Y. SNAP reverses temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme cells through down-regulation of MGMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Merlot AM, Porter GM, Sahni S, Lim EG, Peres P, Richardson DR. The metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, differentially modulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2094-2110. [PMID: 30981813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), is a stress response protein that is involved in the inhibition of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Initial studies have linked NDRG1 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Considering this, we extensively examined the mechanism by which NDRG1 regulates the ER stress response in pancreatic and colon cancer cells. We also examined the anti-cancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), which induces NDRG1 expression and causes ER stress. The expression of NDRG1 was demonstrated to regulate the three main arms of the ER stress response by: (1) increasing the expression of three major ER chaperones, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), calreticulin, and calnexin; (2) suppressing the protein kinase, RNA-activated (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK); (3) inhibiting the inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) arm; and (4) increasing the cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). An important finding was that NDRG1 enhances the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity of Dp44mT. This increased efficacy could be related to the following effects in the presence of Dp44mT and NDRG1, namely: markedly increased activation of the PERK target, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α); the maintenance of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression; high cytosolic Ca+2 that increases the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis via activation of the calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) signaling cascade; and increased pro-apoptotic C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression. Collectively, this investigation dissects the molecular mechanisms through which NDRG1 manipulates the ER stress response and its ability to potentiate the activity of the potent anti-cancer agent, Dp44mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Merlot
- Cancer Targets and Therapeutics Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research (C25), Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - G M Porter
- Cancer Targets and Therapeutics Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research (C25), Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - E G Lim
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - P Peres
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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20
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Sahni S, Park KC, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Two mechanisms involving the autophagic and proteasomal pathways process the metastasis suppressor protein, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1361-1378. [PMID: 30763642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is an intriguing metastasis suppressor protein, which plays an important role in suppressing multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Interestingly, multiple isoforms of NDRG1 have been identified, although the molecular mechanisms involved in their generation remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate the role of two mechanisms involving autophagic and proteasomal machinery as part of an intricate system to generate different NDRG1 isoforms. Examining multiple pancreatic cancer cell-types using immunoblotting demonstrated three major isoforms of NDRG1 at approximately 41-, 46- and 47-kDa. The top NDRG1 band at 47-kDa was shown to be processed by the proteasome, followed by autophagic metabolism of the middle NDRG1 band at 46-kDa. The role of the proteasomal and autophagic pathways in NDRG1 processing was further confirmed by co-localization analysis of confocal images using PSMD9 and LC3 as classical markers of these respective pathways. All NDRG1 isoforms were demonstrated to be, at least in part, phosphorylated forms of the protein. Inhibition of two well-characterized upstream kinases of NDRG1, namely GSK3β and SGK1, resulted in decreased levels of the top NDRG1 band. Studies demonstrated that inhibition of GSK3β decreased levels of the top 47-kDa NDRG1 band, independent of its kinase activity, and this effect was not mediated via the proteasomal pathway. In contrast, the decrease in the top NDRG1 band at 47-kDa after SGK1 inhibition, was due to suppression of its kinase activity. Overall, these studies elucidated the complex and intricate regulatory pathways involving both proteasomal and autophagic processing of the metastasis suppressor protein, NDRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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21
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Mukosera GT, Liu T, Ishtiaq Ahmed AS, Li Q, Sheng MHC, Tipple TE, Baylink DJ, Power GG, Blood AB. Detection of dinitrosyl iron complexes by ozone-based chemiluminescence. Nitric Oxide 2018; 79:57-67. [PMID: 30059767 PMCID: PMC6277231 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) are important intermediates in the metabolism of nitric oxide (NO). They have been considered to be NO storage adducts able to release NO, scavengers of excess NO during inflammatory hypotensive shock, and mediators of apoptosis in cancer cells, among many other functions. Currently, all studies of DNICs in biological matrices use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for both detection and quantification. EPR is limited, however, by its ability to detect only paramagnetic mononuclear DNICs even though EPR-silent binuclear are likely to be prevalent. Furthermore, physiological concentrations of mononuclear DNICs are usually lower than the EPR detection limit (1 μM). We have thus developed a chemiluminescence-based method for the selective detection of both DNIC forms at physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacologic conditions. We have also demonstrated the use of the new method in detecting DNIC formation in the presence of nitrite and nitrosothiols within biological fluids and tissue. This new method, which can be used alone or in tandem with EPR, has the potential to offer insight about the involvement of DNICs in many NO-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Mukosera
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Abu Shufian Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Regenerative Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Matilda H-C Sheng
- Regenerative Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David J Baylink
- Regenerative Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Gordon G Power
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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22
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Kang F, Zhu J, Wu J, Lv T, Xiang H, Tian J, Zhang Y, Huang Z. O2-3-Aminopropyl diazeniumdiolates suppress the progression of highly metastatic triple-negative breast cancer by inhibition of microvesicle formation via nitric oxide-based epigenetic regulation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6893-6898. [PMID: 30210764 PMCID: PMC6124901 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective therapy for the treatment of highly metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Microvesicle (MV) formation is crucial for the metastasis of TNBC. Here we report a novel strategy to inhibit the generation of MVs for the intervention of TNBC. O2-3-Aminopropyl diazeniumdiolates 3a-f are designed and synthesized, which can be activated by lysyloxidase over-expressed in TNBC cells. The most active compound 3f is able to selectively release high levels of NO in TNBC cells, inhibit the cell proliferation, and reduce the adhesion, invasion and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. Furthermore, 3f significantly suppresses the growth and metastasis of implanted TNBC in vivo through attenuating MV formation by an epigenetic modification of miR-203/RAB22A expression in an NO-dependent manner, providing the first evidence of NO donor(s) acting as epigenetic modulators to fight highly metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases , Center of Drug Discovery , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China . ;
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases , Center of Drug Discovery , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China . ;
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases , Center of Drug Discovery , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China . ;
| | - Tian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases , Center of Drug Discovery , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China . ;
| | - Hua Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases , Center of Drug Discovery , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China . ;
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases , Center of Drug Discovery , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China . ;
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23
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Sahni S, Hickok JR, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide reduces oxidative stress in cancer cells by forming dinitrosyliron complexes. Nitric Oxide 2018. [PMID: 29522907 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chelatable iron pool (CIP) is a small but chemically significant fraction of total cellular iron. While this dynamic population of iron is limited, it is redox active and capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to oxidative stress which is associated with various pathologies. Nitric oxide (•NO), is a free radical signalling molecule that regulates numerous physiological and pathological conditions. We have previously shown that macrophages exposed to endogenously generated or exogenously administered nitric oxide (•NO) results in its interaction with CIP to form dinitrosyliron complexes with thiol containing ligands (DNICs). In this study we assessed the consequences of DNIC formation in cancer cells as •NO is known to be associated with numerous malignancies. Incubation of cancer cells with •NO led to a time and dose dependent increase in formation of DNICs. The formation of DNICs results in the sequestration of the CIP which is a major source of iron for redox reactions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Therefore, we set out to test the antioxidant effect of •NO by measuring the ability of DNICs to protect cells against oxidative stress. We observed that cancer cells treated with •NO were partially protected against H2O2 mediated cytotoxicity. This correlated to a concomitant decrease in the formation of oxidants when •NO was present during H2O2 treatment. Similar protective effects were achieved by treating cells with iron chelators in the presence of H2O2. Interestingly, •NO decreased the rate of cellular metabolism of H2O2 suggesting that a proportion of H2O2 is consumed via reactions with cellular iron. When the CIP was artificially increased by supplementation of cells with iron, a significant decrease in the cytoprotective effect of •NO was observed. Notably, •NO concentrations, at which cytoprotective and antioxidant effects were observed, correlated with concentration-dependent increases in DNIC formation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that •NO has antioxidant properties by its ability to sequester cellular iron. This could play a significant role in variety of diseases involving ROS mediated toxicity like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders where •NO has been shown to be an important etiologic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason R Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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24
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Thomas DD, Corey C, Hickok J, Wang Y, Shiva S. Differential mitochondrial dinitrosyliron complex formation by nitrite and nitric oxide. Redox Biol 2017; 15:277-283. [PMID: 29304478 PMCID: PMC5975210 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite represents an endocrine reserve of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) that mediates a number of physiological responses including conferral of cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). It has long been known that nitrite can react with non-heme iron to form dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC). However, it remains unclear how quickly nitrite-dependent DNIC form in vivo, whether formation kinetics differ from that of NO-dependent DNIC, and whether DNIC play a role in the cytoprotective effects of nitrite. Here we demonstrate that chronic but not acute nitrite supplementation increases DNIC concentration in the liver and kidney of mice. Although DNIC have been purported to have antioxidant properties, we show that the accumulation of DNIC in vivo is not associated with nitrite-dependent cytoprotection after hepatic I/R. Further, our data in an isolated mitochondrial model of anoxia/reoxygenation show that while NO and nitrite demonstrate similar S-nitrosothiol formation kinetics, DNIC formation is significantly greater with NO and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as well as inhibition of aconitase activity. These data are the first to directly compare mitochondrial DNIC formation by NO and nitrite. This study suggests that nitrite-dependent DNIC formation is a physiological consequence of dietary nitrite. The data presented herein implicate mitochondrial DNIC formation as a potential mechanism underlying the differential cytoprotective effects of nitrite and NO after I/R, and suggest that DNIC formation is potentially responsible for the cytotoxic effects observed at high NO concentrations. Dietary nitrite results in DNIC formation in many tissues, most notably the liver. Nitrite-dependent DNIC accumulate within the mitochondrion. NO generates greater DNIC formation in the mitochondrion than nitrite. At high concentrations of NO DNIC formation is associated with mitochondrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., Chicago IL 60612, USA.
| | - Catherine Corey
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, BST1240E, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jason Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., Chicago IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinna Wang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, BST1240E, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, BST1240E, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Metabolism & Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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25
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Quantitative proteomics reveal the anti-tumour mechanism of the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3 in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5189. [PMID: 28701735 PMCID: PMC5507876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious threat to human health. The carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3 (Gal3C) has been reported to be an anti-tumour molecule. In this study, we aim to explore effects of Gal3C in HCC and its possible molecular mechanism with quantitative proteomics approach. We found that rGal3C stimulation could inhibit cell viability, migration and invasion of HepG2. After rGal3C stimulating, 190 proteins were differentially expressed. Eighty up-regulated proteins located mainly in extracellular exosome and involved in cell adhesion and metabolism, and 110 down-regulated proteins located in mitochondria and extracellular exosome, and related to processes of metabolism and oxidation-reduction. Of the differentially expressed proteins, CLU, NDRG1, CD166, S100A11 and Galectin-1 were carcinoma-related proteins affected by rGal3C. Potential receptors of rGal3C were explored by an UV cross-linking capture strategy. We showed that rGal3C could induce dephosphorylating of FAK/SRC. Blocking of the FAK/SRC pathway resulted in down-regulation of NDRG1. Immunofluorescence suggested that rGal3C could disrupt integrin clustering. Our study provides valuable insight into the anti-tumour mechanism of rGal3C in HCC on a proteomics level and is the first to reveal the possible mechanism involving integrin/FAK/SRC pathway and NDRG1. These results provide useful guidance of developing new therapies for HCC.
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26
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Menezes SV, Sahni S, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Interplay of the iron-regulated metastasis suppressor NDRG1 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and oncogenic signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12772-12782. [PMID: 28615452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.776393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-regulated metastasis suppressor N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has been shown to inhibit numerous oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer cells. Recent findings have demonstrated that NDRG1 inhibits the ErbB family of receptors, which function as key inducers of carcinogenesis. NDRG1 attenuates ErbB signaling by inhibiting formation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER2/HER3 heterodimers and by down-regulating EGFR via a mechanism involving its degradation. Understanding the complex interplay between NDRG1, iron, and ErbB signaling is vital for identifying novel, more effective targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleen V Menezes
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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27
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Socco S, Bovee RC, Palczewski MB, Hickok JR, Thomas DD. Epigenetics: The third pillar of nitric oxide signaling. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:52-58. [PMID: 28428114 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the endogenously produced free radical signaling molecule, is generally thought to function via its interactions with heme-containing proteins, such as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), or by the formation of protein adducts containing nitrogen oxide functional groups (such as S-nitrosothiols, 3-nitrotyrosine, and dinitrosyliron complexes). These two types of interactions result in a multitude of down-stream effects that regulate numerous functions in physiology and disease. Of the numerous purported NO signaling mechanisms, epigenetic regulation has gained considerable interest in recent years. There is now abundant experimental evidence to establish NO as an endogenous epigenetic regulator of gene expression and cell phenotype. Nitric oxide has been shown to influence key aspects of epigenetic regulation that include histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA levels. Studies across disease states have observed NO-mediated regulation of epigenetic protein expression and enzymatic activity resulting in remodeling of the epigenetic landscape to ultimately influence gene expression. In addition to the well-established pathways of NO signaling, epigenetic mechanisms may provide much-needed explanations for poorly understood context-specific effects of NO. These findings provide more insight into the molecular mechanisms of NO signaling and increase our ability to dissect its functional role(s) in specific micro-environments in health and disease. This review will summarize the current state of NO signaling via epigenetic mechanisms (the "third pillar" of NO signaling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Socco
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Rhea C Bovee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Marianne B Palczewski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Jason R Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
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28
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Wang JQ, Kou JF, Zhao ZZ, Qiu KQ, Chao H. Anthraquinone-bridged diruthenium(ii) complexes inhibit migration and invasion of human hepatocarcinoma MHCC97-H cells. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Four diruthenium(ii) complexes exhibited anti-metastatic properties on MHCC97-H cells, which involved in the inhibition of migration and invasion, negative remodulation of the cytoskeleton, blocking cell cycles and regulation of relative signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Quan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
| | - Jun-Feng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zi-Zhuo Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Kang-Qiang Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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29
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Emerging role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:209-23. [PMID: 26506239 PMCID: PMC4807993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the expression as well as the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in cancer. The pathological processes and molecular pathways regulated by NDRG2 are also summarized. Moreover, mechanisms for increasing NDRG2 expression in tumors and the potential directions of future NDRG2 research are discussed. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental design and increase the potential of NDRG2 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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30
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Vasudevan D, Bovee RC, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide, the new architect of epigenetic landscapes. Nitric Oxide 2016; 59:54-62. [PMID: 27553128 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule with multiple regulatory functions in physiology and disease. The most studied molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of NO include its reaction with heme proteins and regulation of protein activity via modification of thiol residues. A significant number of transcriptional responses and phenotypes observed in NO microenvironments, however, still lack mechanistic understanding. Recent studies shed new light on NO signaling by revealing its influence on epigenetic changes within the cell. Epigenetic alterations are important determinants of transcriptional responses and cell phenotypes, which can relay heritable information during cell division. As transcription across the genome is highly sensitive to these upstream epigenetic changes, this mode of NO signaling provides an alternate explanation for NO-mediated gene expression changes and phenotypes. This review will provide an overview of the interplay between NO and epigenetics as well as emphasize the unprecedented importance of these pathways to explain phenotypic effects associated with biological NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Vasudevan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rhea C Bovee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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31
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Tao Y, Auguste DT. Array-based identification of triple-negative breast cancer cells using fluorescent nanodot-graphene oxide complexes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:431-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Liu W, Yue F, Zheng M, Merlot A, Bae DH, Huang M, Lane D, Jansson P, Lui GYL, Richardson V, Sahni S, Kalinowski D, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. The proto-oncogene c-Src and its downstream signaling pathways are inhibited by the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8851-74. [PMID: 25860930 PMCID: PMC4496188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor that plays a key role in regulating signaling pathways involved in mediating cancer cell invasion and migration, including those derived from prostate, colon, etc. However, the mechanisms and molecular targets through which NDRG1 reduces cancer cell invasion and migration, leading to inhibition of cancer metastasis, are not fully elucidated. In this investigation, using NDRG1 over-expression models in three tumor cell-types (namely, DU145, PC3MM and HT29) and also NDRG1 silencing in DU145 and HT29 cells, we reveal that NDRG1 decreases phosphorylation of a key proto-oncogene, cellular Src (c-Src), at a well-characterized activating site (Tyr416). NDRG1-mediated down-regulation of EGFR expression and activation were responsible for the decreased phosphorylation of c-Src (Tyr416). Indeed, NDRG1 prevented recruitment of c-Src to EGFR and c-Src activation. Moreover, NDRG1 suppressed Rac1 activity by modulating phosphorylation of a c-Src downstream effector, p130Cas, and its association with CrkII, which acts as a "molecular switch" to activate Rac1. NDRG1 also affected another signaling molecule involved in modulating Rac1 signaling, c-Abl, which then inhibited CrkII phosphorylation. Silencing NDRG1 increased cell migration relative to the control and inhibition of c-Src signaling using siRNA, or a pharmacological inhibitor (SU6656), prevented this increase. Hence, the role of NDRG1 in decreasing cell migration is, in part, due to its inhibition of c-Src activation. In addition, novel pharmacological agents, which induce NDRG1 expression and are currently under development as anti-metastatic agents, markedly increase NDRG1 and decrease c-Src activation. This study leads to important insights into the mechanism involved in inhibiting metastasis by NDRG1 and how to target these pathways with novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R.China.,Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Fei Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R.China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R.China
| | - Angelica Merlot
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Goldie Yuan Lam Lui
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Vera Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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33
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Zhou L, Zhang H, Wu J. Effects of nitric oxide on the biological behavior of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1875-1880. [PMID: 27168820 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have found the function of nitric oxide (NO) in cancer as a pro-neoplastic vs. an anti-neoplastic effector, but the role of NO in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the biological behavior of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. HepG2 cell was cultured in vitro and treated with or without sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of NO in cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion by MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay. We demonstrate that NO significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compared to the control group, cells treated with SNP showed obviously higher apoptosis ratios in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we revealed that NO effectively inhibited the ability of migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results suggested that NO has an important role in the regulation of biological behavior in HepG2 cells and the potential for use in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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34
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Wangpu X, Lu J, Xi R, Yue F, Sahni S, Park KC, Menezes S, Huang MLH, Zheng M, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Targeting the Metastasis Suppressor, N-Myc Downstream Regulated Gene-1, with Novel Di-2-Pyridylketone Thiosemicarbazones: Suppression of Tumor Cell Migration and Cell-Collagen Adhesion by Inhibiting Focal Adhesion Kinase/Paxillin Signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:521-40. [PMID: 26895766 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process that is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, with the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/paxillin pathway playing a major role in the formation of focal adhesions and cell motility. N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor in many solid tumor types, including prostate and colon cancer. Considering the antimetastatic effect of NDRG1 and the crucial involvement of the FAK/paxillin pathway in cellular migration and cell-matrix adhesion, we assessed the effects of NDRG1 on this important oncogenic pathway. In the present study, NDRG1 overexpression and silencing models of HT29 colon cancer and DU145 prostate cancer cells were used to examine the activation of FAK/paxillin signaling and the formation of focal adhesions. The expression of NDRG1 resulted in a marked and significant decrease in the activating phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, whereas silencing of NDRG1 resulted in an opposite effect. The expression of NDRG1 also inhibited the formation of focal adhesions as well as cell migration and cell-collagen adhesion. Incubation of cells with novel thiosemicarbazones, namely di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, that upregulate NDRG1 also resulted in decreased phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin. The ability of these thiosemicarbazones to inhibit cell migration and metastasis could be mediated, at least in part, through the FAK/paxillin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongzhi Wangpu
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Jiaoyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Ruxing Xi
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Fei Yue
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Sharleen Menezes
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Michael L H Huang
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (X.W., J.L., F.Y., M.Z.); Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (X.W., R.X., S.S., K.C.P., S.M., M.L.H.H., Z.K., D.R.R.); and Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China (R.X.)
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Thomas DD, Heinecke JL, Ridnour LA, Cheng RY, Kesarwala AH, Switzer CH, McVicar DW, Roberts DD, Glynn S, Fukuto JM, Wink DA, Miranda KM. Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:204-25. [PMID: 26117324 PMCID: PMC4852151 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a highly diverse range of biological functions from physiological signaling and maintenance of homeostasis to serving as an effector molecule in the immune system. However, deleterious as well as beneficial roles of NO have been reported. Many of the dichotomous effects of NO and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can be explained by invoking precise interactions with different targets as a result of concentration and temporal constraints. Endogenous concentrations of NO span five orders of magnitude, with levels near the high picomolar range typically occurring in short bursts as compared to sustained production of low micromolar levels of NO during immune response. This article provides an overview of the redox landscape as it relates to increasing NO concentrations, which incrementally govern physiological signaling, nitrosative signaling and nitrosative stress-related signaling. Physiological signaling by NO primarily occurs upon interaction with the heme protein soluble guanylyl cyclase. As NO concentrations rise, interactions with nonheme iron complexes as well as indirect modification of thiols can stimulate additional signaling processes. At the highest levels of NO, production of a broader range of RNS, which subsequently interact with more diverse targets, can lead to chemical stress. However, even under such conditions, there is evidence that stress-related signaling mechanisms are triggered to protect cells or even resolve the stress. This review therefore also addresses the fundamental reactions and kinetics that initiate signaling through NO-dependent pathways, including processes that lead to interconversion of RNS and interactions with molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julie L Heinecke
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Y Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aparna H Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher H Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharon Glynn
- Prostate Cancer Institute, NUI Galway, Ireland, USA
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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The renaissance of polypharmacology in the development of anti-cancer therapeutics: Inhibition of the “Triad of Death” in cancer by Di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:255-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hu ZY, Xie WB, Yang F, Xiao LW, Wang XY, Chen SY, Li ZG. NDRG1 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal cancer cells via blocking Smad2 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1876-86. [PMID: 26071641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis in different cancers. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains unknown. We found that NDRG1 expression level was high in nasopharyngeal cancer 5-8F cells but low in 5-8F-LN cells with lymphatic metastasis potential. Knockdown of NDRG1 by shRNA promoted 5-8F cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and its tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, NDRG1 deficiency induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of 5-8F cells as shown by an attenuation of E-cadherin and an induction of N-cadherin and vimentin expression. NDRG1 knockdown also enhanced Smad2 expression and phosphorylation. Smad2 signaling was attenuated in 5-8F cells but was significantly activated in 5-8F-LN cells. Knockdown of Smad2 restored E-cadherin but attenuated N-cadherin expression in NDRG1-deficient 5-8F cells, suggesting a reduction of EMT. Consistently, blockade of Smad2 in 5-8F-LN cells increased E-cadherin while diminishing N-cadherin and vimentin expression. These data indicate that Smad2 mediates the NDRG1 deficiency-induced EMT of 5-8F cells. In tumors derived from NDRG1-deficient 5-8F cells, E-cadherin expression was inhibited while vimentin and Smad2 were increased in a large number of cancer cells. Most importantly, NDRG1 expression was attenuated in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, resulted in a lower survival rate in patients. The NDRG1 was further decreased in the detached nasopharyngeal cancer cells, which was associated with a further reduced survival rate in patients with lymphatic metastasis. Taken together, these results demonstrated that NDRG1 prevents nasopharyngeal tumorigenesis and metastasis via inhibiting Smad2-mediated EMT of nasopharyngeal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Bing Xie
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Wei Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - Zu-Guo Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Thomas DD. Breathing new life into nitric oxide signaling: A brief overview of the interplay between oxygen and nitric oxide. Redox Biol 2015; 5:225-233. [PMID: 26056766 PMCID: PMC4473092 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (•NO, nitrogen monoxide) is one of the most unique biological signaling molecules associated with a multitude of physiologic and pathological conditions. In order to fully appreciate its numerous roles, it is essential to understand its basic biochemical properties. Most signaling effector molecules such as steroids or proteins have a significant life-span and function through classical receptor–ligand interactions. •NO, however, is a short-lived free-radical gas that only reacts with two types of molecules under biological conditions; metals and other free radicals. These simple interactions can lead to a myriad of complex intermediates which in turn have their own phenotypic effects. For these reasons, responses to •NO often appear to be random or contradictory when outcomes are compared across various experimental settings. This article will serve as a brief overview of the chemical, biological, and microenvironmental factors that dictate •NO signaling with an emphasis on •NO metabolism. The prominent role that oxygen (dioxygen, O2) plays in •NO metabolism and how it influences the biological effects of •NO will be highlighted. This information and these concepts are intended to help students and investigators think about the interpretation of data from experiments where biological effects of •NO are being elucidated. Oxygen is a major determinant of the rates of nitric oxide synthesis and metabolism. Under biological conditions nitric oxide only reacts with metals and other free radicals. Oxygen determines the half-life, concentration, and diffusional distance of nitric oxide. Proteins respond to nitric oxide in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Oxygen and the redox environment will greatly influence signaling responses to nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, MC 781, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Vasudevan D, Thomas DD. Insights into the diverse effects of nitric oxide on tumor biology. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 96:265-98. [PMID: 25189391 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among its many roles in cellular biology, nitric oxide (·NO) has long been associated with cancers both as a protumorigenic and as an antitumorigenic agent. The dual nature of this signaling molecule in varied settings is attributable to its temporal and concentration-dependent effects that produce different phenotypes. The steady-state ·NO concentration within the cell is a balance between its rate of enzymatic synthesis from the three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and consumption via numerous metabolic pathways and demonstrates strong dependence on the tissue oxygen concentration. NOS expression and ·NO production are often deregulated and associated with numerous types of cancers with dissimilar prognostic outcomes. ·NO influences several facets of tumor initiation and progression including DNA damage, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis, to name a few. The role of ·NO as an epigenetic modulator has also recently emerged and has potentially important mechanistic implications in regulating transcription of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. ·NO-derived cellular adducts such as dinitrosyliron complexes and the formation of higher nitrogen oxides further alter its cellular behavior. Among anticancer strategies, the use of NOS as a prognostic biomarker and modulation of ·NO production for therapeutic benefit have gained importance over the past decade. Numerous ·NO-releasing drugs and NOS inhibitors have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings to arrest tumor growth. Taken together, ·NO affects various arms of cancer signaling networks. An overview of this complex interplay is provided in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Vasudevan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Quartuccio SM, Karthikeyan S, Eddie SL, Lantvit DD, Ó hAinmhire E, Modi DA, Wei JJ, Burdette JE. Mutant p53 expression in fallopian tube epithelium drives cell migration. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1528-38. [PMID: 25810107 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among US women. Evidence supports the hypothesis that high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) may originate in the distal end of the fallopian tube. Although a heterogeneous disease, 96% of HGSC contain mutations in p53. In addition, the "p53 signature," or overexpression of p53 protein (usually associated with mutation), is a potential precursor lesion of fallopian tube derived HGSC suggesting an essential role for p53 mutation in early serous tumorigenesis. To further clarify p53-mutation dependent effects on cells, murine oviductal epithelial cells (MOE) were stably transfected with a construct encoding for the R273H DNA binding domain mutation in p53, the most common mutation in HGSC. Mutation in p53 was not sufficient to transform MOE cells but did significantly increase cell migration. A similar p53 mutation in murine ovarian surface epithelium (MOSE), another potential progenitor cell for serous cancer, was not sufficient to transform the cells nor change migration suggesting tissue specific effects of p53 mutation. Microarray data confirmed expression changes of pro-migratory genes in p53(R273H) MOE compared to parental cells, which could be reversed by suppressing Slug expression. Combining p53(R273H) with KRAS(G12V) activation caused transformation of MOE into high-grade sarcomatoid carcinoma when xenografted into nude mice. Elucidating the specific role of p53(R273H) in the fallopian tube will improve understanding of changes at the earliest stage of transformation. This information can help develop chemopreventative strategies to prevent the accumulation of additional mutations and reverse progression of the "p53 signature" thereby, improving survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Quartuccio
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Subbulakshmi Karthikeyan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sharon L Eddie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Eoghainín Ó hAinmhire
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dimple A Modi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Lok HC, Sahni S, Richardson V, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. Glutathione S-transferase and MRP1 form an integrated system involved in the storage and transport of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes in cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:14-29. [PMID: 25035074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is vital for many essential biological processes as a messenger and effector molecule. The physiological importance of NO is the result of its high affinity for iron in the active sites of proteins such as guanylate cyclase. Indeed, NO possesses a rich coordination chemistry with iron and the formation of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes (DNICs) is well documented. In mammals, NO generated by cytotoxic activated macrophages has been reported to play a role as a cytotoxic effector against tumor cells by binding and releasing intracellular iron. Studies from our laboratory have shown that two proteins traditionally involved in drug resistance, namely multidrug-resistance protein 1 and glutathione S-transferase, play critical roles in intracellular NO transport and storage through their interaction with DNICs (R.N. Watts et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:7670-7675, 2006; H. Lok et al., J. Biol. Chem. 287:607-618, 2012). Notably, DNICs are present at high concentrations in cells and are biologically available. These complexes have a markedly longer half-life than free NO, making them an ideal "common currency" for this messenger molecule. Considering the many critical roles NO plays in health and disease, a better understanding of its intracellular trafficking mechanisms will be vital for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Z Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Banerjee P, Sahoo A, Anand S, Ganguly A, Righi G, Bovicelli P, Saso L, Chakrabarti S. Multiple mechanisms of iron-induced amyloid beta-peptide accumulation in SHSY5Y cells: protective action of negletein. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:787-98. [PMID: 25249289 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increased accumulation of iron in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well documented, and excess iron is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. The adverse effects of accumulated iron in AD brain may include the oxidative stress, altered amyloid beta-metabolism and the augmented toxicity of metal-bound amyloid beta 42. In this study, we have shown that exogenously added iron in the form of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) leads to considerable accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) without a corresponding change in the concerned gene expression in cultured SHSY5Y cells during exposure up to 48 h. This phenomenon is also associated with increased β-secretase activity and augmented release of amyloid beta 42 in the medium. Further, the increase in β-secretase activity, in SHSY5Y cells, upon exposure to iron apparently involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB activation. The synthetic flavone negletein (5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone), which is a known chelator for iron, can significantly prevent the effects of FAC on APP metabolism in SHSY5Y cells. Further, this compound inhibits the iron-dependent formation of ROS and also blocks the iron-induced oligomerization of amyloid beta 42 in vitro. In concentrations used in this study, negletein alone appears to have only marginal toxic effects on cell viability, but, on the other hand, the drug is capable of ameliorating the iron-induced loss of cell viability considerably. Our results provide the initial evidence of potential therapeutic effects of negletein, which should be explored in suitable animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanjalee Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India
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Shi ZH, Shi FF, Wang YQ, Sheftel AD, Nie G, Zhao YS, You LH, Gou YJ, Duan XL, Zhao BL, Xu HM, Li CY, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial ferritin, a new target for inhibiting neuronal tumor cell proliferation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:983-97. [PMID: 25213357 PMCID: PMC4323545 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) has a significant effect on the regulation of cytosolic and mitochondrial iron levels. However, because of the deficiency of iron regulatory elements (IRE) in FtMt’s gene sequence, the exact function of FtMt remains unclear. In the present study, we found that FtMt dramatically inhibited SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice. Interestingly, excess FtMt did not adversely affect the development of drosophila. Additionally, we found that the expression of FtMt in human normal brain tissue was significantly higher than that of neuroblastoma, but not higher than that of neurospongioma. However, the expression of transferrin receptor 1 is completely opposite. We therefore hypothesized that increased expression of FtMt may negatively affect the vitality of neuronal tumor cells. Therefore, we further investigated the underlying mechanisms of FtMt’s inhibitory effects on neuronal tumor cell proliferation. As expected, FtMt overexpression disturbed the iron homeostasis of tumor cells and significantly downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Moreover, FtMt affected cell cycle, causing G1/S arrest by modifying the expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE, Cdk2, Cdk4 and p21. Remarkably, FtMt strongly upregulated the expression of the tumor suppressors, p53 and N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), but dramatically decreased C-myc, N-myc and p-Rb levels. This study demonstrates for the first time a new role and mechanism for FtMt in the regulation of cell cycle. We thus propose FtMt as a new candidate target for inhibiting neuronal tumor cell proliferation. Appropriate regulation of FtMt expression may prevent tumor cell growth. Our study may provide a new strategy for neuronal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China,
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Kanugula AK, Gollavilli PN, Vasamsetti SB, Karnewar S, Gopoju R, Ummanni R, Kotamraju S. Statin‐induced inhibition of breast cancer proliferation and invasion involves attenuation of iron transport: intermediacy of nitric oxide and antioxidant defence mechanisms. FEBS J 2014; 281:3719-3738. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1111/febs.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, clinical and epidemiological studies shows promising results for the use of statins against many cancers including breast carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti‐proliferative and anti‐invasive properties of statins still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide, iron homeostasis and antioxidant defence mechanisms in mediating the anti‐proliferative and anti‐invasive properties of hydrophobic statins in MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐453 and BT‐549 metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells. Fluvastatin and simvastatin significantly increased cytotoxicity which was reversed with mevalonate. Interestingly, fluvastatin downregulated transferrin receptor (TfR1), with a concomitant depletion of intracellular iron levels in these cells. Statin‐induced effects were mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI‐298) but not farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI‐277). Further, it was observed that TfR1 downregulation is mediated by increased nitric oxide levels via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. NOS inhibitors (asymmetric dimethylarginine and 1400W) counteracted and sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin, exacerbated statin‐induced depletion of intracellular iron levels. Notably, fluvastatin increased manganese superoxide dismutase (by repressing the transcription factor DNA damage‐binding protein 2), catalase and glutathione which, in turn, diminished H2O2 levels. Fluvastatin‐induced downregulation of TfR1, matrix metalloproteinase‐2, ‐9 and inhibition of invasion were reversed in the presence of aminotriazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase. Finally, we conclude that fluvastatin, by altering iron homeostasis, nitric oxide generation and antioxidant defence mechanisms, induces triple negative breast cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
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Kanugula AK, Gollavilli PN, Vasamsetti SB, Karnewar S, Gopoju R, Ummanni R, Kotamraju S. Statin-induced inhibition of breast cancer proliferation and invasion involves attenuation of iron transport: intermediacy of nitric oxide and antioxidant defence mechanisms. FEBS J 2014; 281:3719-38. [PMID: 24964743 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, clinical and epidemiological studies shows promising results for the use of statins against many cancers including breast carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive properties of statins still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide, iron homeostasis and antioxidant defence mechanisms in mediating the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive properties of hydrophobic statins in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453 and BT-549 metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells. Fluvastatin and simvastatin significantly increased cytotoxicity which was reversed with mevalonate. Interestingly, fluvastatin downregulated transferrin receptor (TfR1), with a concomitant depletion of intracellular iron levels in these cells. Statin-induced effects were mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI-298) but not farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI-277). Further, it was observed that TfR1 downregulation is mediated by increased nitric oxide levels via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. NOS inhibitors (asymmetric dimethylarginine and 1400W) counteracted and sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin, exacerbated statin-induced depletion of intracellular iron levels. Notably, fluvastatin increased manganese superoxide dismutase (by repressing the transcription factor DNA damage-binding protein 2), catalase and glutathione which, in turn, diminished H2 O2 levels. Fluvastatin-induced downregulation of TfR1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and inhibition of invasion were reversed in the presence of aminotriazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase. Finally, we conclude that fluvastatin, by altering iron homeostasis, nitric oxide generation and antioxidant defence mechanisms, induces triple negative breast cancer cell death.
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46
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Ricard E, Mathis S, Magdelaine C, Delisle MB, Magy L, Funalot B, Vallat JM. CMT4D (NDRG1 mutation): genotype-phenotype correlations. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2014; 18:261-5. [PMID: 24028195 DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a heterogeneous condition with a large number of clinical, electrophysiological and pathological phenotypes. More than 40 genes are involved. We report a child of gypsy origin with an autosomal recessive demyelinating phenotype. Clinical data, familial history, and electrophysiological studies were in favor of a CMT4 sub-type. The characteristic N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) mutation responsible for this CMT4D phenotype was confirmed: p.R148X. The exact molecular function of the NDRG1 protein has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ricard
- Service et Laboratoire de Neurologie, Centre de Référence Neuropathies Périphériques Rares, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
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Larkin J, Chen B, Shi XH, Mishima T, Kokame K, Barak Y, Sadovsky Y. NDRG1 deficiency attenuates fetal growth and the intrauterine response to hypoxic injury. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1099-106. [PMID: 24424031 PMCID: PMC3929742 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine mammalian development depends on the preservation of placental function. The expression of the protein N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is increased in placentas of human pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction and in hypoxic primary human trophoblasts, where NDRG1 attenuates cell injury. We sought to assess the function of placental NDRG1 in vivo and tested the hypothesis that NDRG1 deficiency in the mouse embryo impairs placental function and consequently intrauterine growth. We found that Ndrg1 knock-out embryos were growth restricted in comparison to wild-type or heterozygous counterparts. Furthermore, hypoxia reduced the survival of female, but not male, knock-out embryos. Ndrg1 deletion caused significant alterations in placental gene expression, with a marked reduction in transcription of several lipoproteins in the placental labyrinth. These transcriptional changes were associated with reduced fetal:maternal serum cholesterol ratio exclusively in hypoxic female embryos. Collectively, our findings indicate that NDRG1 promotes fetal growth and regulates the metabolic response to intrauterine hypoxic injury in a sexually dichotomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Larkin
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (J.L., X.H.S., T.M., Y.B., Y.S.), Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.C.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Molecular Pathogenesis (K.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan 565-8565; and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (Y.B., Y.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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48
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Sahni S, Bae DH, Lane DJR, Kovacevic Z, Kalinowski DS, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), inhibits stress-induced autophagy in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9692-709. [PMID: 24532803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.529511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor with an undefined role in the stress response. Autophagy is a pro-survival pathway and can be regulated via the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eIF2α-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Hence, we investigated the role of NDRG1 in stress-induced autophagy as a mechanism of inhibiting metastasis via the induction of apoptosis. As thiosemicarbazone chelators induce stress and up-regulate NDRG1 to inhibit metastasis, we studied their effects on the ER stress response and autophagy. This was important to assess, as little is understood regarding the role of the stress induced by iron depletion and its role in autophagy. We observed that the chelator, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), which forms redox-active iron and copper complexes, effectively induced ER stress as shown by activation of the PERK/eIF2α pathway. Dp44mT also increased the expression of the autophagic marker, LC3-II, and this was dependent on activation of the PERK/eIF2α axis, as silencing PERK prevented LC3-II accumulation. The effect of Dp44mT on LC3-II expression was at least partially due to iron-depletion, as this effect was also demonstrated with the classical iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), and was not observed for the DFO-iron complex. NDRG1 overexpression also inhibited basal autophagic initiation and the ER stress-mediated autophagic pathway via suppression of the PERK/eIF2α axis. Moreover, NDRG1-mediated suppression of the pro-survival autophagic pathway probably plays a role in its anti-metastatic effects by inducing apoptosis. In fact, multiple pro-apoptotic markers were increased, whereas anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was decreased upon NDRG1 overexpression. This study demonstrates the role of NDRG1 as an autophagic inhibitor that is important for understanding its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Fang BA, Kovačević Ž, Park KC, Kalinowski DS, Jansson PJ, Lane DJR, Sahni S, Richardson DR. Molecular functions of the iron-regulated metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, and its potential as a molecular target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:1-19. [PMID: 24269900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-myc down-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a known metastasis suppressor in multiple cancers, being also involved in embryogenesis and development, cell growth and differentiation, lipid biosynthesis and myelination, stress responses and immunity. In addition to its primary role as a metastasis suppressor, NDRG1 can also influence other stages of carcinogenesis, namely angiogenesis and primary tumour growth. NDRG1 is regulated by multiple effectors in normal and neoplastic cells, including N-myc, histone acetylation, hypoxia, cellular iron levels and intracellular calcium. Further, studies have found that NDRG1 is up-regulated in neoplastic cells after treatment with novel iron chelators, which are a promising therapy for effective cancer management. Although the pathways by which NDRG1 exerts its functions in cancers have been documented, the relationship between the molecular structure of this protein and its functions remains unclear. In fact, recent studies suggest that, in certain cancers, NDRG1 is post-translationally modified, possibly by the activity of endogenous trypsins, leading to a subsequent alteration in its metastasis suppressor activity. This review describes the role of this important metastasis suppressor and discusses interesting unresolved issues regarding this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Fang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Žaklina Kovačević
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Sok JC, Lee JA, Dasari S, Joyce S, Contrucci SC, Egloff AM, Trevelline BK, Joshi R, Kumari N, Grandis JR, Thomas SM. Collagen type XI α1 facilitates head and neck squamous cell cancer growth and invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:3049-56. [PMID: 24231953 PMCID: PMC3859935 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is well established that the extracellular matrix affects tumour progression, not much is known about the various components and their effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression. Levels of collagen type XI α1 (colXIα1), a minor fibrillar collagen, have been shown to be increased in tumour compared with normal tissue in several cancers, including colorectal, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the functional significance of colXIα1 is not understood. METHODS We examined the expression levels of colXIα1 mRNA and elucidated the functional role of colXIα1 in HNSCC. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were examined with and without colXIα1 knockdown with siRNA in HNSCC cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that colXIα1 expression is increased in tumour samples compared with levels in normal adjacent tissue in 16/23 HNSCC patients. In addition, colα11 is increased in HNSCC cell lines compared with normal immortalised epithelial cells and is increased in tumour-derived fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts. Using an siRNA approach, we demonstrate that colXIα1 contributes to proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC. CONCLUSION Our cumulative findings suggest that colXIα1 contributes to HNSCC tumorigenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sok
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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