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Zheng W, Tang Y, Cheng M, Ma C, Fei X, Shi W. Dysregulated CXCL12 expression in osteoblasts promotes B-lymphocytes preferentially homing to the bone marrow in MRL/lpr mice. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2319207. [PMID: 38404066 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2319207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Todetect the abnormal distribution of B-lymphocytes between peripheral and bone marrow (BM) compartments and explore the mechanism of abnormal chemotaxis of B-lymphocytes in lupus subjects. Methods: The proportions of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4+ B cells and CFDA-labeled MRL/lpr-derived B cells were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)12in peripheral blood (PB)were measured by ELISA. The migrated B cells to osteoblasts (OBs) was measured by transwell migration assay. The relative spatial position of B cells, OBs and CXCL12 was presented by Immunofluorescence assay. Results: Firstly, we found that the percentage of CXCR4+ B cells was lower in PB and higher in the BM from both MRL/lpr mice and patientswith Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Secondly, OBs from MRL/lpr mice produced more CXCL12 than that from C57BL/6 mice. Besides, MRL/lpr-derived OBs demonstrated more potent chemotactic ability toward B-lymphocytes than control OBs by vitro an vivo. Additionally, more B-lymphocytes were found to co-localize with OBs within the periosteal zone of bone in MRL/lpr mice. Lastly, the percentages of CXCR4+B cells were found to be negatively correlated with serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration, moreover, BM CXCL12 levels were found to be positively correlated with SLE disease activity index Score and negatively correlated with serum Complement3 (C3) concentration. Conclusions: our results indicated that there is a shifted distribution of B-lymphocytes between BM and peripheral compartments in both SLE patients and MRL/lpr mice. Besides, the up-regulated levels of CXCL12 in OBs was indicated to contribute to the enhanced chemotactic migration and anchorage of B-lymphocytes to OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengwei Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Lee HJ, Kwon YS, Lee JH, Moon YG, Choi J, Hyun M, Tak TK, Kim JH, Heo JD. Pectolinarigenin regulates the tumor-associated proteins in AGS-xenograft BALB/c nude mice. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:305. [PMID: 38361124 PMCID: PMC10869406 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectolinarigenin (PEC) is a flavone extracted from Cirsium, and because it has anti-inflammatory properties, anti-cancer research is also being conducted. The objective of this work was to find out if PEC is involved in tumor control and which pathways it regulates in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AGS cell lines were xenografted into BALB/c nude mice to create tumors, and PEC was administered intraperitoneally to see if it was involved in tumor control. Once animal testing was completed, tumor proteins were isolated and identified using LC-MS analysis, and gene ontology of the found proteins was performed. RESULTS Body weight and hematological measurements on the xenograft mice model demonstrated that PEC was not harmful to non-cancerous cells. We found 582 proteins in tumor tissue linked to biological reactions such as carcinogenesis and cell death signaling. PEC regulated 6 out of 582 proteins in vivo and in vitro in the same way. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that PEC therapy may inhibit tumor development in gastric cancer (GC), and proteomic research gives fundamental information about proteins that may have great promise as new therapeutic targets in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jeong Lee
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Kwon
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hong Lee
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Gyu Moon
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kil Tak
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hein Kim
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ullah A, Zhao J, Li J, Singla RK, Shen B. Involvement of CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL17) in gastric cancer: Prognosis and therapeutic molecules. Life Sci 2024; 336:122277. [PMID: 37995936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth-most prevalent and second-most deadly cancer worldwide. Due to the late onset of symptoms, GC is frequently treated at a mature stage. In order to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making processes, it is necessary to establish more specific and sensitive indicators valuable in the early detection of the disease whenever a cancer is asymptomatic. In this work, we gathered information about CXC chemokines and GC by using scientific search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, and Web of Science. Researchers believe that GC chemokines, small proteins, class CXC chemokines, and chemokine receptors promote GC inflammation, initiation, and progression by facilitating angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival, metastatic spread, host response safeguards, and inter-cell interaction. With our absolute best professionalism, the role of CXC chemokines and their respective receptors in GC diagnosis and prognosis has not been fully explained. This review article updates the general characteristics of CXC chemokines, their unique receptors, their function in the pathological process of GC, and their potential application as possible indicators for GC. Although there have only recently been a few studies focusing on the therapeutic efficacy of CXC chemokine inhibitors in GC, growing experimental evidence points to the inhibition of CXC chemokines as a promising targeted therapy. Therefore, further translational studies are warranted to determine whether specific antagonists or antibodies designed to target CXC chemokines alone or in combination with chemotherapy are useful for diagnosing advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ghalavand M, Moradi-Chaleshtori M, Dorostkar R, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hashemi SM. Exosomes derived from rapamycin-treated 4T1 breast cancer cells induced polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1754-1771. [PMID: 37254633 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
M2 macrophages are the most prevalent type in the tumor microenvironment and their polarization to M1 type can be used as a potential cancer immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the role of tumor microenvironment and particularly purified exosomes in M2 to M1 macrophage polarization. Rapamycin treatment on triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) was performed. Tumor cells-derived exosomes (called texosomes) were isolated and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and Western blot assays. M2 mouse peritoneal macrophages were treated with rapamycin or rapamycin-texosome. Then, M1/M2 phenotype-specific marker genes and proteins were measured to assess the degree of M2 to M1 polarization. Finally, nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis assays were assessed to verify the functionality of the polarized macrophages. Purified rapamycin-texosomes significantly increased the expression of the M1 markers (Irf5, Nos2, and CD86) and decreased M2 markers (Arg, Ym1, and CD206). In addition, the levels of M1-specific cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were increased, whereas the levels of M2 specific cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta were declined. Furthermore, texosome treatment increased NO concentration and phagocytosis and decreased efferocytosis indicating M1 polarization. These findings suggest rapamycin-texosomes can induce M2 to M1 macrophages polarization as a potential immunotherapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdedin Ghalavand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi-Chaleshtori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a critical regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:201. [PMID: 37580737 PMCID: PMC10424373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies that are considered as a global health challenge. Despite many progresses in therapeutic methods, there is still a high rate of mortality rate among CRC patients that is associated with poor prognosis and distant metastasis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis can improve the prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is considered as one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis, which can be regulated by various signaling pathways. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has a key role in CRC cell proliferation and migration. In the present review, we discussed the role of PI3K/AKT pathway CRC metastasis through the regulation of the EMT process. It has been shown that PI3K/AKT pathway can induce the EMT process by down regulation of epithelial markers, while up regulation of mesenchymal markers and EMT-specific transcription factors that promote CRC metastasis. This review can be an effective step toward introducing the PI3K/AKT/EMT axis to predict prognosis as well as a therapeutic target among CRC patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Inoue O, Goten C, Hashimuko D, Yamaguchi K, Takeda Y, Nomura A, Ootsuji H, Takashima S, Iino K, Takemura H, Halurkar M, Lim HW, Hwa V, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Usui S, Takamura M. Single cell transcriptomics identifies adipose tissue CD271+ progenitors for enhanced angiogenesis in limb ischemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527726. [PMID: 36865239 PMCID: PMC9980009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis using mesenchymal stem/stromal cell grafts have shown modest and controversial effects in preventing amputation for patients with critical limb ischemia. Through single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human tissues, we identified CD271 + progenitors specifically from subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) as having the most prominent pro-angiogenic gene profile distinct from other stem cell populations. AT-CD271 + progenitors demonstrated robust in vivo angiogenic capacity, over conventional adipose stromal cell grafts, characterized by long-term engraftment, augmented tissue regeneration, and significant recovery of blood flow in a xenograft model of limb ischemia. Mechanistically, the angiogenic capacity of CD271 + progenitors is dependent on functional CD271 and mTOR signaling. Notably, the number and angiogenic capacity of CD271 + progenitors was strikingly reduced in insulin resistant donors. Our study highlights the identification of AT-CD271 + progenitors with in vivo superior efficacy for limb ischemia. Furthermore, we showcase comprehensive single-cell transcriptomics strategies for identification of suitable grafts for cell therapy. HIGHLIGHTS Adipose tissue stromal cells have a distinct angiogenic gene profile among human cell sources. CD271 + progenitors in adipose tissue have a prominent angiogenic gene profile. CD271 + progenitors show superior therapeutic capacities for limb ischemia. CD271 + progenitors are reduced and functionally impaired in insulin resistant donors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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7
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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8
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XU JINGYAO, HAO SHUANGLI, HAN KAIYUE, YANG WANXI, DENG HONG. How is the AKT/mTOR pathway involved in cell migration and invasion? BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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9
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DeVallance ER, Dustin CM, de Jesus DS, Ghouleh IA, Sembrat JC, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ. Specificity Protein 1-Mediated Promotion of CXCL12 Advances Endothelial Cell Metabolism and Proliferation in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 36670936 PMCID: PMC9854820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare yet devastating and incurable disease with few treatment options. The underlying mechanisms of PAH appear to involve substantial cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling, causing right ventricular overload and eventual heart failure. Recent evidence suggests a significant seminal role of the pulmonary endothelium in the initiation and promotion of PAH. Our previous work identified elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) of PAH patients promoting endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we interrogated chemokine CXCL12's (aka SDF-1) role in EC proliferation under the control of NOX1 and specificity protein 1 (Sp1). We report here that NOX1 can drive hypoxia-induced endothelial CXCL12 expression via the transcription factor Sp1 leading to HPAEC proliferation and migration. Indeed, NOX1 drove hypoxia-induced Sp1 activation, along with an increased capacity of Sp1 to bind cognate promoter regions in the CXCL12 promoter. Sp1 activation induced elevated expression of CXCL12 in hypoxic HPAECs, supporting downstream induction of expression at the CXCL12 promoter via NOX1 activity. Pathological levels of CXCL12 mimicking those reported in human PAH patient serum restored EC proliferation impeded by specific NOX1 inhibitor. The translational relevance of our findings is highlighted by elevated NOX1 activity, Sp1 activation, and CXCL12 expression in explanted lung samples from PAH patients compared to non-PAH controls. Analysis of phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutaminase activity revealed that CXCL12 induces glutamine and glucose metabolism, which are foundational to EC cell proliferation. Indeed, in explanted human PAH lungs, demonstrably higher glutaminase activity was detected compared to healthy controls. Finally, infusion of recombinant CXCL12 into healthy mice amplified pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricle remodeling, and elevated glucose and glutamine metabolism. Together these data suggest a central role for a novel NOX1-Sp1-CXCL12 pathway in mediating PAH phenotype in the lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R. DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dustin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel Simoes de Jesus
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John C. Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Patrick J. Pagano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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10
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Bhattarai S, Mackeyev Y, Venkatesulu BP, Krishnan S, Singh PK. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) targeted gold nanoparticles potently enhance radiotherapy outcomes in breast cancer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19056-19065. [PMID: 34757363 PMCID: PMC9124374 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed on most breast cancer cell surfaces including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which lacks traditional receptor overexpression. We targeted gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to this receptor via conjugation to anti-CXCR4 antibody (cGNPs). Irradiation of cells treated with cGNPs compared to PEGylated GNPs (pGNPs) resulted in more prominent radiosensitization of MDA-MB-231 cells with abundant CXCR4 overexpression than HTB-123 cells with moderate and MCF-7 cells with minimal CXCR4 overexpression. Overexpression of CXCR4 facilitated improved cellular internalization of cGNPs and irradiation of internalized cGNPs resulted in more unrepaired DNA double strand breaks and increased the production of oxygen free radicals compared to irradiation with non-internalized pGNPs. In a murine TNBC xenograft model, CXCR4 targeting potently increased tumor regrowth delay following radiation compared to radiation in the presence of pGNPs or vehicle alone. CXCR4 targeted GNPs enhance the efficacy of TNBC radiotherapy by increasing oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Bhattarai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Meng L, Yuan W, Chi H, Han R, Zhang Y, Pan X, Meng J, Liu Y, Song J, Zhong J, Liu X. Genetic deletion of CMG2 exacerbates systemic-to-pulmonary shunt-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21421. [PMID: 33749907 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000299r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH) with systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (SPS) is characterized by proliferative vascular remodeling. Capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) plays a key role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the role of CMG2 in the pathogenesis of SPS-induced PAH. CMG2 levels were significantly downregulated in pulmonary arterioles from patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and rats with SPS-induced PAH. CMG2 was highly expressed in several cells including human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). CMG2-/- rats exhibited more severe PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling than wild-type rats when exposed to SPS for 8 weeks. Overexpression of CMG2 significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HPASMCs, while knockdown of CMG2 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Next-generation sequencing and subsequent validation results suggested that PI3K-AKT was the most prominent signaling pathway regulated by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CMG2-/- rat lungs. Our work identified a novel role for CMG2 in SPS-induced PAH based on the findings that CMG2 deficiency exacerbates SPS-induced vascular remodeling in the development of PAH, indicating that CMG2 might act as a potential target for the treatment of CHD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liukun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Chi
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Han
- Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yeping Zhang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Song
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Medical Research Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhao WJ, Zhu LL, Yang WQ, Xu SJ, Chen J, Ding XF, Liang Y, Chen G. LPAR5 promotes thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by activating class IA PI3K catalytic subunit p110β. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1624-1632. [PMID: 33540491 PMCID: PMC8019227 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5) is involved in mediating thyroid cancer progression, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further revealed. In this study, we confirmed that LPAR5 is upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), especially in BRAF‐like PTC, by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and performing immunohistochemistry assay in human thyroid cancer tissues. LPAR5‐specific antagonist TC LPA5 4 treatment inhibited CGTH‐W3, TPC‐1, B‐CPAP, and BHT‐101 cell proliferation, CGTH‐W3 and TPC‐1 cell migration significantly. In vivo, TC LPA5 4 treatment could delay CGTH‐W3 xenograft growth in nude mice. We also found that LPAR5‐specific antagonist TC LPA5 4, PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin pretreatment abrogated phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K1 stimulated by LPA in CGTH‐W3 and TPC‐1 cells. Stimulating CGTH‐W3 cells transfected with pEGFPC1‐Grp1‐PH fusion protein with LPA resulted in the generation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐triphosphate, which indicates that PI3K was activated by LPA directly. The p110β‐siRNA instead of p110α‐siRNA transfection abrogated the increase of levels of phosphorylated Akt and S6K1 stimulated by LPA. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation assay confirmed an interaction between LPAR5 and p110β. Overall, we provide new insights that the downregulation of LPAR5 decreased the proliferation and migration phenotype via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Inhibition of LPAR5 or the PI3K/Akt signal may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Graduate School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Liu-Lian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Graduate School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Graduate School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Shuai-Jun Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Graduate School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ding
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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13
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Yu DH, Chen C, Liu XP, Yao J, Li S, Ruan XL. Dysregulation of miR-138-5p/RPS6KA1-AP2M1 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in AML. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641629. [PMID: 33732707 PMCID: PMC7959750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and most AML patients are in a severe state. Internal tandem duplication mutations in FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD) detected in AML stem cells account for 20–30 percent of AML patients. In this study, we attempted to study the impact of the interaction of FLT3-ITD mutation and the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in AML, and the possible mechanisms caused by the impact by bioinformatics. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway positively correlated with the status of FLT3-ITD mutation. Multiple survival analyses were performed on TCGA-AML to screen the prognostic-related genes, and RPS6KA1 and AP2M1 are powerful prognostic candidates for overall survival in AML. WGCNA, KEGG/GO analysis, and the functional roles of RPS6KA1 and AP2M1 in AML were clarified by correlation analysis. We found that the expression levels of RPS6KA1 and AP2M1 were significantly associated with chemoresistance of AML, and the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis would regulate RPS6KA1/AP2M1 expression. Besides, miR-138-5p, regulated by the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, was the common miRNA target of RPS6KA1 and AP2M1. Taken together, the interaction of FLT3-ITD mutation and the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, and the increased expression of RPS6KA1 and AP2M1 caused by hsa-miR-138-5p downregulation regulates the multi-resistance gene expression leading to drug indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hu Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Lee TH, Lin GY, Yang MH, Tyan YC, Lee CH. Salmonella reduces tumor metastasis by downregulation C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2835-2841. [PMID: 34220311 PMCID: PMC8241761 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the main reason for the death of most cancer patients. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in numerous types of cancer. CXCR4 selectively binds with stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), also known as C-X-C family chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) (CXCL12/SDF-1), which induced tumor proliferation and metastasis. Recently, the use of conventional cancer treatments had some limitation; bacteria treatment for cancer becomes a trend that overcomes these limitations. Plenty of studies show that Salmonella has anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity. The current study aimed to investigate Salmonella suppresses CXCR4 protein expression and tumor cell migration ability in B16F10 melanoma and LL2 lung carcinoma cells. Salmonella reduced CXCR4 protein expression through downregulating Protein Kinase-B (Akt)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In cells transfected with constitutively active Akt plasmids, a reverse effect of Salmonella-induced inhibition of CXCR4 was observed. Tumor cells have chemotactic response to CXCL12 in migration assay, and we found that Salmonella reduced tumor chemotactic response after CXCL12 treatment. The C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with B16F10 and LL2 cells pre-incubated with or without Salmonella, the tumor size and lung weight of Salmonella group had obviously decreased, indicating anti-metastatic effect that confirmed the findings from the in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Huang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Gaun-You Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Wang N, Wang S, Wang X, Zheng Y, Yang B, Zhang J, Pan B, Gao J, Wang Z. Research trends in pharmacological modulation of tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e288. [PMID: 33463063 PMCID: PMC7805405 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in multiple solid malignancies, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. TAMs could contribute to carcinogenesis, neoangiogenesis, immune-suppressive TME remodeling, cancer chemoresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, reprogramming of the immune-suppressive TAMs by pharmacological approaches has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. In this review, the promising pharmaceutical targets, as well as the existing modulatory strategies of TAMs were summarized. The chemokine-chemokine receptor signaling, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, metabolic signaling, and exosomal signaling have been highlighted in determining the biological functions of TAMs. Besides, both preclinical research and clinical trials have suggested the chemokine-chemokine receptor blockers, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bisphosphonates, as well as the exosomal or nanoparticle-based targeting delivery systems as the promising pharmacological approaches for TAMs deletion or reprogramming. Lastly, the combined therapies of TAMs-targeting strategies with traditional treatments or immunotherapies as well as the exosome-like nanovesicles for cancer therapy are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Juping Zhang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bo Pan
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jianli Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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16
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Gong J, Song Y, Xu L, Che X, Hou K, Guo T, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Qu X. Upregulation of Serine Proteinase Inhibitor Clade B Member 3 (SERPINB3) Expression by Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF-1)/CXCR4/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Promotes Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927411. [PMID: 33110054 PMCID: PMC7604976 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine proteinase inhibitor clade B member 3 (SERPINB3) is a neutral glycoprotein. Its overexpression is related to the promotion of cell proliferation and activation via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway in several tumors. Whether it can participate in stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1)/NF-kappaB-induced metastasis of gastric cancer has not been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the ability of SDF-1 to induce migration and invasion in vitro by knocking down the expression of SERPINB3 with siRNAs in gastric cancer cells. We also explored the effects of a CXCR4 antagonist and NF-kappaB inhibitor on SERPINB3 expression. We verified the effect of SERPINB3 on prognosis in gastric cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vitro experiments confirmed that SDF-1 upregulated the expression of SERPINB3 and promoted metastasis in gastric cancer cells. This phenomenon was reversed by knockdown of SERPINB3, a chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist, and an NF-kappaB inhibitor, which downregulated the expression of SERPINB3. In patients with gastric cancer, a significant positive correlation was observed between CXCR4 and SERPINB3 expression (r=0.222, P=0.029). Moreover, double positivity for SERPINB3 and CXCR4 was certified to be an independent prognostic factor (HR=3.332, P<0.001). CXCR4-positive patients who also expressed SERPINB3 were inclined to suffer from lymph node metastasis, confirming that SERPINB3 is a downstream molecule of CXCR4. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and pathological results showed that SDF-1/CXCR4 activated the NF-kappaB pathway and upregulated SERPINB3 to facilitate the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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17
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Bianchi ME, Mezzapelle R. The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2109. [PMID: 32983169 PMCID: PMC7484992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCR4 receptor upon binding its ligands triggers multiple signaling pathways that orchestrate cell migration, hematopoiesis and cell homing, and retention in the bone marrow. However, CXCR4 also directly controls cell proliferation of non-hematopoietic cells. This review focuses on recent reports pointing to its pivotal role in tissue regeneration and stem cell activation, and discusses the connection to the known role of CXCR4 in promoting tumor growth. The mechanisms may be similar in all cases, since regeneration often recapitulates developmental processes, and cancer often exploits developmental pathways. Moreover, cell migration and cell proliferation appear to be downstream of the same signaling pathways. A deeper understanding of the complex signaling originating from CXCR4 is needed to exploit the opportunities to repair damaged organs safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Bianchi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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18
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Chen J, Dang Y, Feng W, Qiao C, Liu D, Zhang T, Wang Y, Tian D, Fan D, Nie Y, Wu K, Xia L. SOX18 promotes gastric cancer metastasis through transactivating MCAM and CCL7. Oncogene 2020; 39:5536-5552. [PMID: 32616889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC) remain unsatisfying and limited. Therefore, it is still imperative to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis. Here, we report a novel role of SRY-box transcription factor 18 (SOX18), a member of the SOX family, in promoting GC metastasis. The elevated expression of SOX18 was positively correlated with distant metastasis, higher AJCC stage, and poor prognosis in human GC. SOX18 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for the recurrence and survival in GC patients. Up-regulation of SOX18 promoted GC invasion and metastasis, whereas down-regulation of SOX18 decreased GC invasion and metastasis. Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) are direct transcriptional targets of SOX18. Knockdown of MCAM and CCL7 significantly decreased SOX18-mediated GC invasion and metastasis, while the stable overexpression of MCAM and CCL7 reversed the decrease in cell invasion and metastasis that was induced by the inhibition of SOX18. A mechanistic investigation indicated that the upregulation of SOX18 that was mediated by the CCL7-CCR1 pathway relied on the ERK/ELK1 pathway. SOX18 knockdown significantly reduced CCL7-enhanced GC invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, BX471, a specific CCR1 inhibitor, significantly reduced the SOX18-mediated GC invasion and metastasis. In human GC tissues, SOX18 expression was positively correlated with CCL7 and MCAM expression, and patients with positive coexpression of SOX18/CCL7 or SOX18/MCAM had the worst prognosis. In conclusion, we defined a CCL7-CCR1-SOX18 positive feedback loop that played a pivotal role in GC metastasis, and targeting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic option for the clinical management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Dang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weibo Feng
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenyang Qiao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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19
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Gu Z, Wu S, Xu G, Wu W, Mao B, Zhao S. miR-487a performs oncogenic functions in osteosarcoma by targeting BTG2 mRNA. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:631-637. [PMID: 32409840 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a critical role in osteosarcoma (OS) pathogenesis. In this study, we elucidated the involvement of miR-487a in OS and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that miR-487a was upregulated in OS clinical samples and cell lines. Knockdown of miR-487a suppressed OS cell growth and invasion and induced apoptosis; however, overexpression of miR-487a promoted OS cell growth and invasion. Accordingly, downregulation of miR-487a significantly suppressed tumor growth of OS xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) mRNA was found to be a novel target of miR-487a. Knockdown of BTG2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) recapitulated the oncogenic effects of miR-487a, whereas BTG2 overexpression partially reversed these effects. Finally, miR-487a levels were found to be negatively correlated with BTG2 expression in OS clinical samples. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-487a is an oncogenic miRNA in OS and it lowers BTG2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo 315000, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shaokun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo 315000, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Guoxing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo 315000, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Bo Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo 315000, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shoujun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo 315000, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
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20
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Srivastava SP, Goodwin JE. Cancer Biology and Prevention in Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061380. [PMID: 32498358 PMCID: PMC7349292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The available evidence suggests a complex relationship between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological data suggest a positive correlation, however, in certain types of cancer, a more complex picture emerges, such as in some site-specific cancers being specific to type I diabetes but not to type II diabetes. Reports share common and differential mechanisms which affect the relationship between diabetes and cancer. We discuss the use of antidiabetic drugs in a wide range of cancer therapy and cancer therapeutics in the development of hyperglycemia, especially antineoplastic drugs which often induce hyperglycemia by targeting insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Similarly, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a well-known target in type II diabetes mellitus, has differential effects on cancer types. Past studies suggest a protective role of DPP-4 inhibitors, but recent studies show that DPP-4 inhibition induces cancer metastasis. Moreover, molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer in diabetes are currently largely unclear. The cancer-causing mechanisms in diabetes have been shown to be complex, including excessive ROS-formation, destruction of essential biomolecules, chronic inflammation, and impaired healing phenomena, collectively leading to carcinogenesis in diabetic conditions. Diabetes-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contribute to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation in tumors, allowing the epithelium and endothelium to enable tumor cell extravasation. In this review, we discuss the risk of cancer associated with anti-diabetic therapies, including DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, and the role of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), AMPK, and cell-specific glucocorticoid receptors in cancer biology. We explore possible mechanistic links between diabetes and cancer biology and discuss new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
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21
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Jin J, Zhao Q. Emerging role of mTOR in tumor immune contexture: Impact on chemokine-related immune cells migration. Theranostics 2020; 10:6231-6244. [PMID: 32483450 PMCID: PMC7255024 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy emerged and it has provided us with a large amount of knowledge. Upon chemokines recognition, immune cells undergo rapid trafficking and activation in disease milieu, with immune cells chemotaxis being accompanied by activation of diverse intercellular signal transduction pathways. The outcome of chemokines-mediated immune cells chemotaxis interacts with the cue of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Indeed, the mTOR cascade in immune cells involves migration and infiltration. In this review, we summarize the available mTOR-related chemokines, as well as the characterized upstream regulators and downstream targets in immune cells chemotaxis and assign potential underlying mechanisms in each evaluated chemokine. Specifically, we focus on the involvement of mTOR in chemokine-mediated immune related cells in the balance between tumor immunity and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
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Potential Anticancer Effect of Celastrol on Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing CXCR4-related Signal and Impeding Tumor Growth in Vivo. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:297-302. [PMID: 32169299 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential agents that can effectively treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are being continuously explored. METHODS Celastrol extracted from roots of an ancient Chinese herb, Tripterygium wilfordii (Thunder god vine), has been identified as a potential anti-tumor agent. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of celastrol on cell proliferation and chemokine CXCR4-related signal pathway associated with tumor growth were investigated. RESULTS The CXCR4 expression was diminished by celastrol treatment in a dose-dependent manner, and its downstream associated pathways, including PI3K and Akt were also downregulated. Celastrol also significantly attenuated proliferation and migration ability of HCC cells, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, significant inhibition of HCC growth was observed in the celastrol-treated group as compared with the control group in vivo as well. CONCLUSION Celastrol is capable of attenuating cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, leading to inhibition of HCC growth through the suppression of CXCR4-related signal pathway.
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Doodnauth SA, Grinstein S, Maxson ME. Constitutive and stimulated macropinocytosis in macrophages: roles in immunity and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180147. [PMID: 30967001 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to several stimuli by forming florid membrane ruffles that lead to fluid uptake by macropinocytosis. This type of induced macropinocytosis, executed by a variety of non-malignant and malignant cells, is initiated by transmembrane receptors and is involved in nutrient acquisition and mTOR signalling. However, macrophages also perform a unique type of constitutive ruffling and macropinocytosis that is dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. Calcium-sensing receptors are responsible for this activity. This distinct form of macropinocytosis enables macrophages to continuously sample their microenvironment for antigenic molecules and for pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns, as part of their immune surveillance functions. Interestingly, even within the monocyte lineage, there are differences in macropinocytic ability that reflect the polarized functional roles of distinct macrophage subsets. This review discusses the shared and distinct features of both induced and constitutive macropinocytosis displayed by the macrophage lineage and their roles in physiology, immunity and pathophysiology. In particular, we analyse the role of macropinocytosis in the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its contribution to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation. We propose a combined role of scavenger receptors and constitutive macropinocytosis in oxidized LDL uptake, a process we have termed 'receptor-assisted macropinocytosis'. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Doodnauth
- 1 Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 1L7.,2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children , 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 0A4.,4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's Circle, Toronto, ON , Canada M5S 1A8.,5 Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5C 1N8
| | - Michelle E Maxson
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children , 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 0A4
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24
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Zhao S, Shao L, Wang Y, Meng Q, Yu J. Ketamine exhibits anti-gastric cancer activity via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1140-1149. [PMID: 32864003 PMCID: PMC7444715 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the most widespread type of cancer after lung and liver cancer in men and after breast cancer in women. Thus, the present study was intended to evaluate the effect of ketamine (KET) on gastric cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of KET was analyzed in vitro by the MTT assay against human gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28. The effect KET on apoptosis, cell migration and cell cycle arrest was also quantified. Western blot analysis was performed to estimate the effect of KET on apoptosis mediators and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mediators. A mouse xenograft assay was also conducted to further confirm the anticancer activity. RESULTS KET causes reduction of cellular viability of BGC-823, MKN-45 and MKN-28, with a more significant effect against BGC-823 cells. The KET treatment showed a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic cells among BGC-823 cells. KET causes a significant dose-dependent decline in migration of treated cells. It causes induction of apoptosis mediated via the mitochondrial pathway, where it causes a decline in Bcl2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c level together with increase in expression of Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c and cytosolic apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). The level of p-PI3K, p-mTOR, p-GSK3β and p-AKT was found to be downregulated in a dose-dependent manner in KET-treated cells. In a mouse xenograft model, KET causes a reduction in relative tumour volume and tumour weight. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ketamine has the ability to inhibit progression of gastric cancer via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Spinal, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Jinning Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
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Chen L, Lv Z, Gao Z, Ge G, Wang X, Zhou J, Sheng Q. Human β-defensin-3 reduces excessive autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19890. [PMID: 31882811 PMCID: PMC6934505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of mortality in preterm newborns. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is one key event in NEC pathogenesis. Human β-defensin-3 (hBD3), one member of cationic host defence peptides, was reported to reduce the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model. And autophagy was induced in the intestine of human and animals with NEC. We hypothesized that regulation of autophagy might play a critical role in hBD3-mediated protection against NEC injury. Autophagy activity was evaluated both in intestinal epithelial cells and in NEC models. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control + NS, Control + rapamycin, NEC + NS, and NEC + hBD3. Body weight, histological score, survival time, enterocyte migration and mucosal barrier were recorded. Our results showed that hBD3 pretreatment could effectively inhibit autophagy activity in cultured IEC-6 and Caco2 enterocytes, and CXCR4 might be involved in hBD3-mediated autophagy suppression. Moreover, hBD3-induced inhibition of autophagy significantly promoted the intestinal epithelial cell migration by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. In the rat model of NEC, hBD3 could noticeably reduce the expression of autophagy-activated proteins, down-regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators, and promote the mucosal integrity. Our data suggest an additional role of hBD3-mediated protection against intestinal mucosal injury: inhibition of over-activated autophagy in enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Zhimei Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Guijie Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Mousavi A. CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction in diseases and its molecular approaches in targeted-therapy. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:91-115. [PMID: 31747563 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules called "chemotactic cytokines" and regulate many processes like leukocyte trafficking, homing of immune cells, maturation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, physiology, migration during development, and host immune responses. These proteins bind to their corresponding 7-membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are anti-inflammatory factors in autoimmune conditions, so consider as potential targets for neutralization in such diseases. They also express by cancer cells and function as angiogenic factors, and/or survival/growth factors that enhance tumor angiogenesis and development. Among chemokines, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has significantly been studied in numerous cancers and autoimmune diseases. CXCL12 is a homeostatic chemokine, which is acts as an anti-inflammatory chemokine during autoimmune inflammatory responses. In cancer cells, CXCL12 acts as an angiogenic, proliferative agent and regulates tumor cell apoptosis as well. CXCR4 has a role in leukocyte chemotaxis in inflammatory situations in numerous autoimmune diseases, as well as the high levels of CXCR4, observed in different types of human cancers. These findings suggest CXCL12/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target for therapy of autoimmune diseases and open a new approach to targeted-therapy of cancers by neutralizing CXCL12 and CXCR4. In this paper, we reviewed the current understanding of the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in disease pathology and cancer biology, and discuss its therapeutic implications in cancer and diseases.
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27
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Genetic variations associated with telomere length confer risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:1089-1099. [PMID: 30900102 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant telomere lengthening is a critical feature of malignant cells. Short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) confers elevated risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with LTL in different ethnic populations. However, it remains largely unexplored how these genetic variants are involved in GCA susceptibility. METHODS We systematically screened GWAS-identified candidate SNPs and tested the impact of 30 polymorphisms in genes associated with interindividual LTL variation on GCA using two-stage case-control comparisons consisting of 1024 GCA patients and 1118 controls. RESULTS We observed that CXCR4 rs6430612, TERT rs10069690, and rs2853676 as well as VPS34 rs2162440 are significantly associated with GCA development. A 0.64-fold decreased risk of GCA is associated with the CXCR4 rs6430612 CT genotype compared with the CC genotype (P = 0.002). On the contrary, the TERT rs10069690 TT genotype carriers had a 1.83-fold increased risk to develop GCA compared to the CC genotype carriers (P = 5.8×10-6). We also detected a 2.17-fold increased OR for GCA that was associated with the TERT rs2853676 TT genotype (P = 2.6×10-6). In addition, the odds of having the VPS34 rs2162440 GA genotype in GCA patients were 1.35 compared with the GG genotype (P = 0.002). In stratified analyses, the association between TERT rs10069690 polymorphism and GCA was more pronounced in nonsmokers (Pinteraction = 9.7 × 10-5) and nondrinkers (Pinteraction = 4.6 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of both LTL and LTL-related genetic variants to GCA predisposition.
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28
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Huai Y, Hossen MN, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Nanoparticle Interactions with the Tumor Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2247-2263. [PMID: 31408324 PMCID: PMC6892461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compared to normal tissues, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a number of aberrant characteristics including hypoxia, acidosis, and vascular abnormalities. Many researchers have sought to exploit these anomalous features of the TME to develop anticancer therapies, and several nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics have resulted. In this Review, we discuss the composition and pathophysiology of the TME, introduce nanoparticles (NPs) used in cancer therapy, and address the interaction between the TME and NPs. Finally, we outline both the potential problems that affect TME-based nanotherapy and potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huai
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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29
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Revisiting mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2086-2095. [PMID: 31173912 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates a variety of cellular processes, influencing diverse pathological conditions including a variety of cancers. Accordingly, therapies that target mTOR as anticancer agents benefit patients in various clinical settings. It is therefore important to fully investigate mTOR signaling at a molecular level and corresponding mTOR inhibitors to identify additional clinical opportunities of targeting mTOR in cancers. In this review, we introduce the function and regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway and organize and summarize the different roles of mTOR in cancers and a variety of mTOR inhibitors that can be used as anticancer agents. This article aims to enlighten and guide the development of mTOR-targeted anticancer agents in the future.
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30
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Nam S, Kim JH, Lee DH. RHOA in Gastric Cancer: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Front Genet 2019; 10:438. [PMID: 31156701 PMCID: PMC6529512 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known signal mediator and small GTPase family member, RHOA, has now been associated with the progression of specific malignancies. In this review, we appraise the biomedical literature regarding the role of this enzyme in gastric cancer (GC) signaling, suggesting potential clinical significance. To that end, we examined RHOA activity, with regard to second-generation hallmarks of cancer, finding particular association with the hallmark "activation of invasion and metastasis." Moreover, an abundance of studies show RHOA association with Lauren classification diffuse subtype, in addition to poorly differentiated GC. With regard to therapeutic value, we found RHOA signaling to influence the activity of specific widely used chemotherapeutics, and its possible antagonism by various dietary constituents. We also review currently available targeted therapies for GC. The latter, however, showed a paucity of such agents, underscoring the urgent need for further investigation into treatments for this highly lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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ANXA2 Silencing Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration in Gastric Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:4035460. [PMID: 31186633 PMCID: PMC6521490 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4035460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has been well known to associate with the progress of malignant tumor. However, the biological behavior of ANXA2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. We made a hypothesis in transcriptome level from TCGA datasets. Then, we used immunohistochemical staining to quantify the expression level of ANXA2 protein in GC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used for analyzing ANXA2 expression in human GC (SGC-7901, MKN-45, BGC-823, and AGS) cell lines. We investigated the effect of a lentivirus-mediated knock-down of ANXA2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer AGS cells. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT and colony formation tests. Cell apoptosis and cycle were measured by flow cytometry. Migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. We found that high expression of ANXA2 can increase the mobility of cancer cells from TCGA datasets. ANXA2 was upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. AGS cell line displayed significantly higher expression of ANXA2 among the four GC cell lines. In addition, ANXA2 silencing led to a weakened ability of proliferation, invasion, and migration in GC cells; targeting of ANXA2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for GC patients.
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32
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Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy and its effect on gastric-cancer-derived peritoneal metastases: an overview. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:1-14. [PMID: 30715654 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript aspires to portray a review of the current literature focusing on manifest peritoneal metastasis (PM) derived from gastric cancer and its treatment options. Despite the development of chemotherapy and multimodal treatment options during the last decades, mortality remains high worldwide. After refreshing important epidemiological considerations, the molecular mechanisms currently accepted through which PM occurs are revised. Palliative chemotherapy is the only recommended treatment option for patients with PM of gastric cancer according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, although cytoreductive surgery in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy demonstrated promising results in selected patients with regional PM and localized intraabdominal tumor spread. A novel treatment named pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy may have a promising future in improving overall survival with an acceptable postoperative complication rate and stabilizing quality of life during treatment. Additionally, the procedure has been proved to be safe for the patient and medical personnel and a feasible, repeatable method to deter metastatic proliferation. This overview comprehensively addresses this novel and promising treatment in the context of a scientifically and clinically challenging disease.
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33
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Yang F, Takagaki Y, Yoshitomi Y, Ikeda T, Li J, Kitada M, Kumagai A, Kawakita E, Shi S, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Accelerates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer Metastasis via the CXCL12/CXCR4/mTOR Axis. Cancer Res 2018; 79:735-746. [PMID: 30584072 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in various biological and pathologic processes. DPP-4 has been widely recognized as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus but is also implicated in the development of human malignancies. Here, we show that inhibition of DPP-4 accelerates breast cancer metastasis via induction of CXCL12/CXCR4, which activates mTOR to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In cultured cells, DPP-4 knockdown induced EMT and cell migration. Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR) promoted primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in a 4T1 tumor allograft mouse model; DPP-4 knockdown in 4T1 cells displayed similar phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. KR treatment enhanced the levels of CXCL12/CXCR4 and phosphorylated mTOR, which were associated with the induction of EMT in metastatic cancer cells. KR-induced EMT in cancer cells was inhibited by treatment with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and AMD3100 suppressed KR-induced metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggest that DPP-4 plays a significant role in cancer biology and that inhibition of DPP-4 promotes cancer metastasis via induction of the CXCL12/CXCR4/mTOR/EMT axis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal that inhibition of DPP-4 increases the metastatic potential of breast cancer. This is especially important given the potential use of DPP-4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshitomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Asako Kumagai
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Emi Kawakita
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sen Shi
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Yin X, Liu Z, Zhu P, Wang Y, Ren Q, Chen H, Xu J. CXCL12/CXCR4 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas via PI3K/AKT signal pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9724-9736. [PMID: 30582214 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (adaCP) accounts for 5.6% to 15% of intracranial tumors. High expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1 [SDF1]) and its receptor CXC receptor type 4 (CXCR4) are widespread in various malignancy via multiple signal transduction pathways. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion of adaCP. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 mRNA and protein in 10 human adaCP tissues. Three successfully primary cell lines were obtained from native mainly solid tumor specimens, and confirmed by the means of inverted contrast microscope directly and following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression in vivo for the verification of primary cell line. Proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to assess the biological functional role of CXCL12/CXCR4 in adaCP. The signal pathways involved in the action of CXCL12/CXCR4 in adaCP were also evaluated. RESULTS CXCL12 and CXCR4 were highly expressed in human adaCP samples. Primary adaCP cells were isolated and detected by the means of immunofluorescence for the detection of pan cytokeratin (pan-CK) and vimentin (VIM). Overexpression of CXCL12/CXCR4 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of primary adaCP cells. Moreover, cancer-promoting activity of CXCL12/CXCR4 is partially through its facilitation of PI3K/AKT signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that CXCL12/CXCR4 promotes adaCP proliferation, migration, and invasion through PI3K/AKT signal pathway. These findings suggested that therapeutic strategies regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 expression may provide an effective treatment of adaCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital (Affiliated Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Rojas A, Araya P, Romero J, Delgado-López F, Gonzalez I, Añazco C, Perez-Castro R. Skewed Signaling through the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Alters the Proinflammatory Profile of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2018; 11:97-105. [PMID: 30091031 PMCID: PMC6250617 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are complex tissues composed of variable amounts of both non-cellular components (matrix proteins) and a multitude of stromal cell types, which are under an active cross-talk with tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major leukocyte population among the tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Once they are infiltrated into tumor stroma they undergo a polarized activation, where the M1 and M2 phenotypes represent the two extreme of the polarization heterogeneity spectrum. It is known that TAMs acquire a specific phenotype (M2), oriented toward tumor growth, angiogenesis and immune-suppression. A growing body of evidences supports the presence of tuning mechanisms in order to skew or restraint the inflammatory response of TAMs and thus forces them to function as active tumor-promoting immune cells. The receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin protein family of cell surface molecules, being activated by several danger signals and thus signaling to promote the production of many pro-inflammatory molecules. Interestingly, this receptor is paradoxically expressed in both M1 and M2 macrophages phenotypes. This review addresses how RAGE signaling has been drifted away in M2 macrophages, and thus taking advantage of the abundance of RAGE ligands at tumor microenvironment, particularly HMGB1, to reinforce the supportive M2 macrophages strategy to support tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile.
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Romero
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando Delgado-López
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile
| | - Carolina Añazco
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramon Perez-Castro
- Biomedical Research Labs., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave, Talca, Chile
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Yu B, Chen Q, Le Bras A, Zhang L, Xu Q. Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation in Atherosclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:219-235. [PMID: 28537424 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is a major cause for the death of human beings, and it takes place in large- and middle-sized arteries. The pathogenesis of the disease has been widely investigated, and new findings on vascular stem/progenitor cells could have an impact on vascular regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent studies have shown that abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are mainly responsible for cell accumulation in the intima during vascular remodeling. It has been demonstrated that the mobilization and recruitment of tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that participate in vascular repair and remodeling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Interestingly, cell lineage tracing studies indicate that a large proportion of SMCs in neointimal lesions is derived from adventitial stem/progenitor cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The influence of stem/progenitor cell behavior on the development of atherosclerosis is crucial. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell migration and differentiation is essential for stem/progenitor cell therapy for vascular diseases and regenerative medicine. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identification of the detailed process driving the migration and differentiation of vascular stem/progenitor cells during the development of atherosclerosis, discovery of the environmental cues, and signaling pathways that control cell fate within the vasculature will facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yu
- 1 Department of Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital , Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
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Zhang Q, Xu F, Shi Y, Chen YW, Wang HP, Yu X, Li Y. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 promotes tumor angiogenesis in gastric cancer via activation of JAK2/STAT3. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:854-862. [PMID: 28544312 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology; Gongli Hospital; MiaoPu Road Shanghai 200135 China
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Xue L, Mao X, Ren L, Chu X. Inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a potential targeted therapy of advanced gastric carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1424-1436. [PMID: 28544785 PMCID: PMC5463074 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The whole outcome for patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) is very poor because most of them remain metastatic disease during survival even at diagnosis or after surgery. Despite many improvements in multiple strategies of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, exploration of novel alternative therapeutic targets is still warranted. Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) have been identified with significantly elevated levels in various malignancies including GC, which correlates with the survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells. Increasing experimental evidence suggests an implication of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a promising targeted therapy, although there are rare trials focused on the therapeutic efficacy of CXCR4 inhibitors in GC until recently. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that specific antagonists or antibodies targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 axis alone or combined with chemotherapy will be effective and worthy of further translational studies as a potential treatment strategy in advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jun Xue
- Department of Medical OncologyJinling HospitalNanjing University Clinical School of MedicineNanjing210002China
| | - Xiao‐Bei Mao
- Department of Medical OncologyJinling HospitalNanjing University Clinical School of MedicineNanjing210002China
| | - Li‐Li Ren
- Department of Medical OncologyJinling HospitalNanjing University Clinical School of MedicineNanjing210002China
| | - Xiao‐Yuan Chu
- Department of Medical OncologyJinling HospitalNanjing University Clinical School of MedicineNanjing210002China
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Xiang Z, Zhou ZJ, Xia GK, Zhang XH, Wei ZW, Zhu JT, Yu J, Chen W, He Y, Schwarz RE, Brekken RA, Awasthi N, Zhang CH. A positive crosstalk between CXCR4 and CXCR2 promotes gastric cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:5122-5133. [PMID: 28481874 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) invasion and metastasis is still poorly understood. In this study, we tried to investigate the roles of CXCR4 and CXCR2 signalings in gastric cancer metastasis. A highly invasive gastric cancer cell model was established. Chemokines receptors were profiled to search for the accountable ones. Then the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, and the clinical relevance of CXCR4 and CXCR2 expression was studied in gastric cancer samples. CXCR4 and CXCR2 were highly expressed in a high invasive gastric cancer cell model and in gastric cancer tissues. Overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR2 was associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer survival for GC patients. CXCR4 and CXCR2 expression strongly correlated with each other in the way that CXCR2 expression changed accordingly with the activity of CXCR4 signaling and CXCR4 expression also changed in agreement with CXCR2 activity. Further studies demonstrated CXCR4 and CXCR2 can both activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, while NF-κBp65 can then transcriptionally activate CXCR4 and STAT3 can activate CXCR2 expression. This crosstalk between CXCR4 and CXCR2 contributed to EMT, migration and invasion of gastric cancer. Finally, Co-inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR2 is more effective in reducing gastric cancer metastasis. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 and CXCR2 cross-activate each other to promote the metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z-J Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G-K Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X-H Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z-W Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-T Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastrointestinal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R E Schwarz
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, and IU Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
| | - R A Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - N Awasthi
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, and IU Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
| | - C-H Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gastric Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Shen T, Yang Z, Cheng X, Xiao Y, Yu K, Cai X, Xia C, Li Y. CXCL8 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2095-2100. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Abstract
Pericytes are a heterogeneous population of cells located in the blood vessel wall. They were first identified in the 19th century by Rouget, however their biological role and potential for drug targeting have taken time to be recognised. Isolation of pericytes from several different tissues has allowed a better phenotypic and functional characterization. These findings revealed a tissue-specific, multi-functional group of cells with multilineage potential. Given this emerging evidence, pericytes have acquired specific roles in pathobiological events in vascular diseases. In this review article, we will provide a compelling overview of the main diseases in which pericytes are involved, from well-established mechanisms to the latest findings. Pericyte involvement in diabetes and cancer will be discussed extensively. In the last part of the article we will review therapeutic approaches for these diseases in light of the recently acquired knowledge. To unravel pericyte-related vascular pathobiological events is pivotal not only for more tailored treatments of disease but also to establish pericytes as a therapeutic tool.
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42
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Baldanzi G, Bettio V, Malacarne V, Graziani A. Diacylglycerol Kinases: Shaping Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidic Acid Gradients to Control Cell Polarity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:140. [PMID: 27965956 PMCID: PMC5126041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) terminate diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling and promote phosphatidic acid (PA) production. Isoform specific regulation of DGKs activity and localization allows DGKs to shape the DAG and PA gradients. The capacity of DGKs to constrain the areas of DAG signaling is exemplified by their role in defining the contact interface between T cells and antigen presenting cells: the immune synapse. Upon T cell receptor engagement, both DGK α and ζ metabolize DAG at the immune synapse thus constraining DAG signaling. Interestingly, their activity and localization are not fully redundant because DGKζ activity metabolizes the bulk of DAG in the cell, whereas DGKα limits the DAG signaling area localizing specifically at the periphery of the immune synapse. When DGKs terminate DAG signaling, the local PA production defines a new signaling domain, where PA recruits and activates a second wave of effector proteins. The best-characterized example is the role of DGKs in protrusion elongation and cell migration. Indeed, upon growth factor stimulation, several DGK isoforms, such as α, ζ, and γ, are recruited and activated at the plasma membrane. Here, local PA production controls cell migration by finely modulating cytoskeletal remodeling and integrin recycling. Interestingly, DGK-produced PA also controls the localization and activity of key players in cell polarity such as aPKC, Par3, and integrin β1. Thus, T cell polarization and directional migration may be just two instances of the general contribution of DGKs to the definition of cell polarity by local specification of membrane identity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune DiseasesNovara, Italy
| | - Valentina Bettio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune DiseasesNovara, Italy
| | - Valeria Malacarne
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San RaffaeleMilan, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San RaffaeleMilan, Italy
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Ma Y, Xu X, Luo M. CXCR6 promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in osteosarcoma through the Akt pathway. Cell Immunol 2016; 311:80-85. [PMID: 27823764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6 (CXCR6) is up-regulated in many malignancies, indicating that CXCR6 plays an important role in tumor progression. However, the expression and function of CXCR6 in osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the expression levels and function of CXCR6 in OS tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63, HOS and U2OS. The protein expression levels of CXCR6 in OS patient tissues and three osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63, HOS and U2OS were assessed. CXCR6-overexpression MG-63 cell lines were established and then the proliferation, invasion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in those cells were assessed. CXCR6 mRNA levels in OS tissues were significantly higher than those in normal bone tissues. Consistently, both of the mRNA and protein levels of CXCR6 in OS cell lines MG-63, HOS and U2OS were higher than those in normal bone cells hFOB1.19. CXCR6 overexpression not only promoted cell proliferation, invasion and EMT, but also enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt in MG-63 cells. After inhibition of Akt-phosphorylation by Akt inhibitor, LY2940023, CXCR6-induced cell proliferation and invasion were dramatically attenuated. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CXCR6 enhances OS cell proliferation and invasion through the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Ma
- Department of Developmental Biology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Mei Luo
- Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, PR China.
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Pacitto R, Gaeta I, Swanson JA, Yoshida S. CXCL12-induced macropinocytosis modulates two distinct pathways to activate mTORC1 in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:683-692. [PMID: 28250113 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0316-141rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although growth factors and chemokines elicit different overall effects on cells-growth and chemotaxis, respectively-and activate distinct classes of cell-surface receptors, nonetheless, they trigger similar cellular activities and signaling pathways. The growth factor M-CSF and the chemokine CXCL12 both stimulate the endocytic process of macropinocytosis, and both activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a protein complex that regulates cell metabolism. Recent studies of signaling by M-CSF in macrophages identified a role for macropinocytosis in the activation of mTORC1, in which delivery of extracellular amino acids into lysosomes via macropinocytosis was required for activation of mTORC1. Here, we analyzed the regulation of macropinosome (MP) formation in response to CXCL12 and identified 2 roles for macropinocytosis in the activation of mTORC1. Within 5 min of adding CXCL12, murine macrophages increased ruffling, macropinocytosis and amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1. Inhibitors of macropinocytosis blocked activation of mTORC1, and various isoform-specific inhibitors of type 1 PI3K and protein kinase C (PKC) showed similar patterns of inhibition of macropinocytosis and mTORC1 activity. However, unlike the response to M-CSF, Akt phosphorylation (pAkt) in response to CXCL12 required the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of macropinocytic cups. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy showed that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), a product of PI3K and an upstream activator of Akt, localized to macropinocytic cups and that pAkt occurred primarily in cups. These results indicate that CXCL12 activates mTORC1 via 2 mechanisms: 1) that the macropinocytic cup localizes Akt signaling and 2) that MPs convey extracellular nutrients to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Pacitto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Isabella Gaeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sei Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Beider K, Rosenberg E, Bitner H, Shimoni A, Leiba M, Koren-Michowitz M, Ribakovsky E, Klein S, Olam D, Weiss L, Wald H, Abraham M, Galun E, Peled A, Nagler A. The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulator FTY720 Targets Multiple Myeloma via the CXCR4/CXCL12 Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1733-1747. [PMID: 27697999 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the functional consequences of possible cross-talk between the CXCR4/CXCL12 and the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathways in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and to evaluate the effect of S1P targeting with the FTY720 modulator as a potential anti-MM therapeutic strategy.Experimental Design and Results: S1P targeting with FTY720 induces MM cell apoptosis. The combination of FTY720 with the SPHK1 inhibitor SKI-II results in synergistic inhibition of MM growth. CXCR4/CXCL12-enhanced expression correlates with reduced MM cell sensitivity to both FTY720 and SKI-II inhibitors, and with SPHK1 coexpression in both cell lines and primary MM bone marrow (BM) samples, suggesting regulative cross-talk between the CXCR4/CXCL12 and SPHK1 pathways in MM cells. FTY720 was found to directly target CXCR4. FTY720 profoundly reduces CXCR4 cell-surface levels and abrogates the CXCR4-mediated functions of migration toward CXCL12 and signaling pathway activation. Moreover, FTY720 cooperates with bortezomib, inducing its cytotoxic activity and abrogating the bortezomib-mediated increase in CXCR4 expression. FTY720 effectively targets bortezomib-resistant cells and increases their sensitivity to bortezomib, promoting DNA damage. Finally, in a recently developed novel xenograft model of CXCR4-dependent systemic MM with BM involvement, FTY720 treatment effectively reduces tumor burden in the BM of MM-bearing mice. FTY720 in combination with bortezomib demonstrates superior tumor growth inhibition and abrogates bortezomib-induced CXCR4 increase on MM cells.Conclusions: Altogether, our work identifies a cross-talk between the S1P and CXCR4 pathways in MM cells and provides a preclinical rationale for the therapeutic application of FTY720 in combination with bortezomib in patients with MM. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1733-47. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Beider
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Evgenia Rosenberg
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hanna Bitner
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avichai Shimoni
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Merav Leiba
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Maya Koren-Michowitz
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Elena Ribakovsky
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shiri Klein
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Devorah Olam
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lola Weiss
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Wald
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Abraham
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division and CBB, Guy Weinshtock Multiple Myeloma Foundation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Puchert M, Adams V, Linke A, Engele J. Evidence for the involvement of the CXCL12 system in the adaptation of skeletal muscles to physical exercise. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1205-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Kanda M, Kodera Y. Molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6829-6840. [PMID: 27570420 PMCID: PMC4974582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer (GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.
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Ma HY, Liu XZ, Liang CM. Inflammatory microenvironment contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6619-6628. [PMID: 27547005 PMCID: PMC4970470 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT.
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Ziegler ME, Hatch MMS, Wu N, Muawad SA, Hughes CCW. mTORC2 mediates CXCL12-induced angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:359-71. [PMID: 27106789 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12, through its receptor CXCR4, positively regulates angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell (EC) migration and tube formation. However, the relevant downstream signaling pathways in EC have not been defined. Similarly, the upstream activators of mTORC2 signaling in EC are also poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that CXCL12 regulation of angiogenesis requires mTORC2 but not mTORC1. We find that CXCR4 signaling activates mTORC2 as indicated by phosphorylation of serine 473 on Akt and does so through a G-protein- and PI3K-dependent pathway. Significantly, independent disruption of the mTOR complexes by drugs or multiple independent siRNAs reveals that mTORC2, but not mTORC1, is required for microvascular sprouting in a 3D in vitro angiogenesis model. Importantly, in a mouse model, both tumor angiogenesis and tumor volume are significantly reduced only when mTORC2 is inhibited. Finally, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), which is a key regulator of glycolytic flux, is required for microvascular sprouting in vitro, and its expression is reduced in vivo when mTORC2 is targeted. Taken together, these findings identify mTORC2 as a critical signaling nexus downstream of CXCL12/CXCR4 that represents a potential link between mTORC2, metabolic regulation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Ziegler
- The Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3219 McGaugh Hall, Mail Code: 3900, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michaela M S Hatch
- The Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3219 McGaugh Hall, Mail Code: 3900, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- The Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3219 McGaugh Hall, Mail Code: 3900, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Steven A Muawad
- The Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3219 McGaugh Hall, Mail Code: 3900, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- The Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3219 McGaugh Hall, Mail Code: 3900, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Qiu F, Li Y, Fu Q, Fan YY, Zhu C, Liu YH, Mi WD. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Increases Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Sodium Currents Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons via Different Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1587-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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