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Su L, Zhu F, Zhang J, Cao EZ, Yang C, Sun H, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang J, Peng Z. Protein Kinase N1 Level Predicts Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study. Blood Purif 2024; 53:465-475. [PMID: 38228111 DOI: 10.1159/000536225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to examine the utility of protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a biomarker of cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI). METHODS A prospective cohort study of 110 adults undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery was conducted. The associations between post-operative PKN1 and CSA-AKI, AKI severity, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), duration of AKI, length of ICU stay, and post-operative hospital stay were evaluated. RESULTS Patients were categorized into three groups according to PKN1 tertiles. The incidence of CSA-AKI in the third tertile was 3.4-fold higher than that in the first. PKN1 was an independent risk factor for CSA-AKI. The discrimination of PKN1 to CSA-AKI assessed by ROC curve indicated that the AUC was 0.70, and the best cutoff was 5.025 ng/mL. This group (>5.025 ng/mL) was more likely to develop CSA-AKI (p < 0.001). The combined AUC of EuroSCORE, aortic cross-clamp time, and PKN1 was 0.82 (p < 0.001). A higher level of PKN1 was related to increased need for RRT, longer duration of AKI, and length of ICU and post-operative hospital stays. CONCLUSIONS PKN1 could be a potential biomarker for the prediction of CSA-AKI. The combination of PKN1, EuroSCORE, and aortic cross-clamp time was likely to predict the occurrence of CSA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjiu Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edward Z Cao
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibing Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Center of Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ouyang C, Li J, Zheng X, Mu J, Torres G, Wang Q, Zou MH, Xie Z. Deletion of Ulk1 inhibits neointima formation by enhancing KAT2A/GCN5-mediated acetylation of TUBA/α-tubulin in vivo. Autophagy 2021; 17:4305-4322. [PMID: 33985412 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1911018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase) has a central role in initiating macroautophagy/autophagy, a process that contributes to atherosclerosis and neointima hyperplasia, or excessive tissue growth that leads to vessel dysfunction. However, the role of ULK1 in neointima formation remains unclear. We aimed to determine how Ulk1 deletion affected neointima formation and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We measured autophagy activity, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and neointima hyperplasia in cultured VSMCs and ligation-injured mouse carotid arteries from male wild-type (WT, C57BL/6 J) and VSMC-specific ulk1 knockout (ulk1 KO) mice. Carotid artery ligation in WT mice increased ULK1 protein expression, and concurrently increased autophagic flux and neointima formation. Treating human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) with PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) increased ULK1 expression, activated autophagy, and promoted cell migration. Further, smooth muscle cell-specific deletion of Ulk1 suppressed autophagy, inhibited VSMC migration, and impeded neointima hyperplasia. Mechanistically, Ulk1 deletion inhibited autophagic degradation of histone acetyltransferase protein KAT2A/GCN5 (K[lysine] acetyltransferase 2A), resulting in accumulation of KAT2A that directly acetylated TUBA/α-tubulin and subsequently increased protein levels of acetylated TUBA. The acetylation of TUBA increased microtubule stability and inhibited VSMC directional migration and neointima formation. Finally, local transfection of Kat2a siRNA decreased TUBA acetylation and prevented the attenuation of vascular injury-induced neointima formation in ulk1 KO mice. These findings suggest that Ulk1 deletion inhibits neointima formation by reducing autophagic degradation of KAT2A and increasing TUBA acetylation in VSMCs.Abbreviations: ACTA2/α-SMA: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB: actin beta; ATAT1: alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; BP: blood pressure; CAL: carotid artery ligation; CQ: chloroquine diphosphate; EC: endothelial cells; EEL: external elastic layer; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HASMCs: human aortic smooth muscle cells; HAT1: histone acetyltransferase 1; HDAC: histone deacetylase; IEL: inner elastic layer; IP: immunoprecipitation; KAT2A/GCN5: K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2A; KAT8/hMOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MYH11: myosin heavy chain 11; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDGF: platelet derived growth factor; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; RAC3: Rac family small GTPase 3; SIRT2: sirtuin 2; SPP1/OPN: secreted phosphoprotein 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAGLN/SM22: transgelin; TUBA: tubulin alpha; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell; VVG: Verhoeff Van Gieson; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhan Ouyang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jian Li
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jing Mu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gloria Torres
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qilong Wang
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Veeroju S, Kojonazarov B, Weiss A, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Novoyatleva T, Schermuly RT. Therapeutic Potential of Regorafenib-A Multikinase Inhibitor in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031502. [PMID: 33540939 PMCID: PMC7867319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a progressive elevation of mean arterial pressure followed by right ventricular failure and death. Previous studies have indicated that numerous inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling could be either beneficial or detrimental for the treatment of PH. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) for the treatment of PH. A peptide-based kinase activity assay was performed using the PamStation®12 platform. The 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation and transwell migration assays were utilized in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Regorafenib was administered to monocrotaline- and hypoxia-induced PH in rats and mice, respectively. Functional parameters were analyzed by hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements. The kinase activity assay revealed upregulation of twenty-nine kinases in PASMCs from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), of which fifteen were established as potential targets of regorafenib. Regorafenib showed strong anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in IPAH-PASMCs compared to the control PASMCs. Both experimental models indicated improved cardiac function and reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling upon regorafenib treatment. In lungs from monocrotaline (MCT) rats, regorafenib reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Overall, our data indicated that regorafenib plays a beneficial role in experimental PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypoxia/complications
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Monocrotaline/toxicity
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Veeroju
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +49-641-994-2421 (R.T.S.); Fax: +49-641-994-2419 (R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +49-641-994-2421 (R.T.S.); Fax: +49-641-994-2419 (R.T.S.)
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The structure and function of protein kinase C-related kinases (PRKs). Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:217-235. [PMID: 33522581 PMCID: PMC7925014 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK) family of serine/threonine kinases, PRK1, PRK2 and PRK3, are effectors for the Rho family small G proteins. An array of studies have linked these kinases to multiple signalling pathways and physiological roles, but while PRK1 is relatively well-characterized, the entire PRK family remains understudied. Here, we provide a holistic overview of the structure and function of PRKs and describe the molecular events that govern activation and autoregulation of catalytic activity, including phosphorylation, protein interactions and lipid binding. We begin with a structural description of the regulatory and catalytic domains, which facilitates the understanding of their regulation in molecular detail. We then examine their diverse physiological roles in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell adhesion, chromatin remodelling, androgen receptor signalling, cell cycle regulation, the immune response, glucose metabolism and development, highlighting isoform redundancy but also isoform specificity. Finally, we consider the involvement of PRKs in pathologies, including cancer, heart disease and bacterial infections. The abundance of PRK-driven pathologies suggests that these enzymes will be good therapeutic targets and we briefly report some of the progress to date.
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Wu X, Hu C, Long C, Zhai X, Liang P, Yu Z. MicroRNA-351 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Glioma Cells through Downregulation of NAIF1. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1493-1499. [PMID: 32506303 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-characterized expression profile of miR-351 in the neural system, its molecular mechanisms in glioma still remain elusive. Here we intended to assess the regulatory function of miR-351 on nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (NAIF1) and, thereby, modulation of cancerous behaviors of human glioma cell lines. Two human glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) and normal human astroglia (NHA) cell line were cultured. The cell lines were prepared and transfected with mimic, inhibitor, and negative controls (NCs) of miR-351, then MTT and wound healing assays were performed. We extracted the total protein for western blotting assay and isolated the total RNA for real-time PCR. The miR-351 expression was significantly decreased in U87 and U251 cell lines compared with the NHA cell line (P < 0.05). NAIF1 expression was significantly higher in glioma cell lines compared with the NHA cell line (P < 0.05). Moreover, the NAIF1 expression showed a negative correlation with miR-351 (P = 0.005, r = -0.522). Apoptosis was significantly decreased in both cell lines transfected with miR-351 mimics compared with the NC group at 72 and 96 h after transfection (P < 0.05) and significantly increased in the transfected group with miR-351 inhibitors compared with the NC group at 72 and 96 h after transfection (P < 0.05). According to our results, after 24 and 48 h, migration was increased in the mimic group compared with the miR-351 NC group and decreased in the inhibitory group compared with the miR-351 NC group in the U251 cell line. Our findings provide theoretical evidence that miR-351, which targets NAIF1, could be considered an important marker in the pathogenesis of glioma. Furthermore, miR-351 has valuable potential to serve as a new prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and could be considered a potential target for the treatment of this cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Chongling Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China.,Department of Neural Tumor, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chunxi Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China
| | - Zengpeng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, No. 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, Yuzhong, China.
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase N1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and migration. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109546. [PMID: 31981797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) is a member of the protein kinase C superfamily. Aberrations of PKN1 kinase activity are involved in several human pathological processes, including cancer. We found that PKN family proteins (PKN1/2/3) are phosphorylated in response to antitubulin drug-induced mitotic arrest. We identified cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as the corresponding kinase for PKN protein phosphorylation. CDK1 phosphorylates PKN1 at S533, S537, S562, and S916 in vitro and in cells during drug-induced mitotic arrest. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that PKN1 phosphorylation occurs during normal mitosis in a CDK1-dependent manner. Knockdown of PKN1 significantly inhibited anchorage-independent growth and migration without affecting proliferation in multiple cancer cell lines. We further showed that mitotic phosphorylation is essential for PKN1's oncogenic function, as the non-phosphorylatable mutant PKN1-4A failed to rescue anchorage-independent growth and migration in PKN1-knockdown cells. Thus, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for PKN1 in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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8
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PKN1 kinase-negative knock-in mice develop splenomegaly and leukopenia at advanced age without obvious autoimmune-like phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13977. [PMID: 31562379 PMCID: PMC6764976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) knockout (KO) mice spontaneously form germinal centers (GCs) and develop an autoimmune-like disease with age. Here, we investigated the function of PKN1 kinase activity in vivo using aged mice deficient in kinase activity resulting from the introduction of a point mutation (T778A) in the activation loop of the enzyme. PKN1[T778A] mice reached adulthood without external abnormalities; however, the average spleen size and weight of aged PKN1[T778A] mice increased significantly compared to aged wild type (WT) mice. Histologic examination and Southern blot analyses of spleens showed extramedullary hematopoiesis and/or lymphomagenesis in some cases, although without significantly different incidences between PKN1[T778A] and WT mice. Additionally, flow cytometry revealed increased numbers in B220+, CD3+, Gr1+ and CD193+ leukocytes in the spleen of aged PKN1[T778A] mice, whereas the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes was reduced in the peripheral blood, suggesting an advanced impairment of leukocyte trafficking with age. Moreover, aged PKN1[T778A] mice showed no obvious GC formation nor autoimmune-like phenotypes, such as glomerulonephritis or increased anti-dsDNA antibody titer, in peripheral blood. Our results showing phenotypic differences between aged Pkn1-KO and PKN1[T778A] mice may provide insight into the importance of PKN1-specific kinase-independent functions in vivo.
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Schoos A, Knab VM, Gabriel C, Tripolt S, Wagner DA, Bauder B, Url A, Fux DA. In vitro study to assess the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib (PD-0332991) for treating canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:507-521. [PMID: 31207004 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapy of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) with classical antitumour drugs is problematic, so better therapeutic options are needed. Palbociclib (PD-0332991) is an innovative and effective anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer in women. Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, which are key regulators of the cell cycle machinery and thus cell proliferation. In the present in vitro study, we investigated whether Palbociclib also represents a candidate drug to combat CMT. For this purpose, the effect of Palbociclib was analysed in P114 and CF41 cells, two CMT cell lines with an endogenous CDK4/6 co-expression. Incubation of P114 and CF41 cells with Palbociclib resulted in a dose- and time-dependent loss of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a classical CDK4/6 substrate within the cell cycle machinery. Moreover, treatment of CMT cells with Palbociclib-induced cell cycle arrest affected cell viability, prevented colony formation and impaired cell migration activity. Palbociclib also inhibited the growth of P114 and CF41 cell spheroids. Immunohistochemical analysis of canine patient samples revealed a consistent expression of CDK6 in different canine mammary carcinoma types, but an individual and tumour-specific expression pattern of phosphorylated pRb independent of the tumour grade. Together, our findings let us suggest that Palbociclib has antitumour effects on CMT cells and that canine patients may represent potential candidates for treatment with this CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Gabriel
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Tripolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bauder
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Url
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Zhu X, Li M, Jia X, Hou W, Yang J, Zhao H, Wang G, Wang J. The homeoprotein Msx1 cooperates with Pkn1 to prevent terminal differentiation in myogenic precursor cells. Biochimie 2019; 162:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Govatati S, Pichavaram P, Janjanam J, Zhang B, Singh NK, Mani AM, Traylor JG, Orr AW, Rao GN. NFATc1-E2F1-LMCD1-Mediated IL-33 Expression by Thrombin Is Required for Injury-Induced Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1212-1226. [PMID: 31043075 PMCID: PMC6540998 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective- IL (interleukin)-33 has been shown to play a role in endothelial dysfunction, but its role in atherosclerosis is controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine its role in vascular wall remodeling following injury. Approach and Results- Thrombin induced IL-33 expression in a time-dependent manner in human aortic smooth muscle cells and inhibition of its activity by its neutralizing antibody suppressed thrombin induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration but not DNA synthesis. In exploring the mechanisms, we found that Par1 (protease-activated receptor 1), Gαq/11 (Gα protein q/11), PLCβ3 (phospholipase Cβ3), NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells), E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1), and LMCD1 (LIM and cysteine-rich domains protein 1) are involved in thrombin-induced IL-33 expression and migration. Furthermore, we identified an NFAT-binding site at -100 nt that mediates thrombin-induced IL-33 promoter activity. Interestingly, we observed that NFATc1, E2F1, and LMCD1 bind to NFAT site in response to thrombin and found that LMCD1, while alone has no significant effect, enhanced either NFATc1 or E2F1-dependent IL-33 promoter activity. In addition, we found that guidewire injury induces IL-33 expression in SMC and its neutralizing antibodies substantially reduce SMC migration and neointimal growth in vivo. Increased expression of IL-33 was also observed in human atherosclerotic lesions as compared to arteries without any lesions. Conclusions- The above findings reveal for the first time that thrombin-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and injury-induced neointimal growth require IL-33 expression. In addition, thrombin-induced IL-33 expression requires LMCD1 enhanced combinatorial activation of NFATc1 and E2F1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Co-Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Co-Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Female
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Interleukin-33/genetics
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- LIM Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Neointima
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Govatati
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arul M. Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James G. Traylor
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N. Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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12
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Ding N, Geng B, Li Z, Yang Q, Yan L, Wan L, Zhang B, Wang C, Xia Y. Fluid shear stress promotes osteoblast proliferation through the NFATc1-ERK5 pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:107-116. [PMID: 29609502 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1459588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is thought to regulate osteoblast proliferation. To further understand how ERK5 signaling regulates osteoblast proliferation induced by fluid shear stress (FSS), we examined some potential signaling targets associated with ERK5 in MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with XMD8-92 (an ERK5 inhibitor) or Cyclosporin A (CsA, a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 inhibitor) and/or exposed to 12 dyn/cm2 FSS. Phosphorylated-ERK5 (p-ERK5) and expression levels of NFATc1, ERK5, E2F2, and cyclin E1 were analyzed by western blot. The mRNA levels of genes associated with cell proliferation were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) array. Subcellular localization of p-ERK5 and NFATc1 were determined by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS NFATc1 expression was up-regulated by FSS. XMD8-92 only blocked ERK5 activation; however, CsA decreased NFATc1 and p-ERK5 levels, including after FSS stimulation. Exposure to NFATc1 inhibitor or ERK5 inhibitor resulted in decreased E2F2 and cyclin E1 expression and proliferation by proliferative MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence results illustrated that NFATc1 induced ERK5 phosphorylation, resulting in p-ERK5 translocation to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that NFATc1 acts as an intermediate to promote the phosphorylation of ERK5 induced by FSS. Moreover, activated NFATc1-ERK5 signaling up-regulates the expression of E2F2 and cyclin E1, which promote osteoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Bin Geng
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Quanzeng Yang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Liang Yan
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Lang Wan
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Yayi Xia
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
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13
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The tumor-suppressive function of miR-1296-5p by targeting EGFR and CDK6 in gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181556. [PMID: 30530570 PMCID: PMC6328896 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to confirm the role of miR-1296-5p in gastric cancer and to identify its target genes. The expression of miR-1296-5p was measured in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. The function of miR-1296-5p was examined by the overexpression and inhibition of its expression in typical gastric cell lines as well as SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. The targets of miR-1296-5p were identified by a luciferase activity assay. We found that miR-1296-5p was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissue and cell lines, and low expression levels of miR-1296-5p were associated with advanced clinical stage. Moreover, miR-1296-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. Then, we identified CDK6 and EGFR as novel targets of miR-1296-5p by a luciferase activity assay. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-1296-5p suppressed the expression of CDK6 and EGFR. Our results indicated a tumor-suppressive role of miR-1296-5p through the translational repression of oncogenic CDK6 and EGFR in gastric cancer.
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14
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Exome-wide analysis identifies three low-frequency missense variants associated with pancreatic cancer risk in Chinese populations. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3688. [PMID: 30206226 PMCID: PMC6134090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline coding variants have not been systematically investigated for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we report an exome-wide investigation using the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip with 943 PDAC cases and 3908 controls in the Chinese population, followed by two independent replicate samples including 2142 cases and 4697 controls. We identify three low-frequency missense variants associated with the PDAC risk: rs34309238 in PKN1 (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.48–2.12, P = 5.35 × 10−10), rs2242241 in DOK2 (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.50–2.27, P = 4.34 × 10−9), and rs183117027 in APOB (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.72–3.16, P = 4.21 × 10−8). Functional analyses show that the PKN1 rs34309238 variant significantly increases the level of phosphorylated PKN1 and thus enhances PDAC cells' proliferation by phosphorylating and activating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings highlight the significance of coding variants in the development of PDAC and provide more insights into the prevention of this disease. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal human cancer with a poor 5-year overall survival rate. Here the authors perform an exome-wide analysis in a cohort of PDAC patients to identify three novel missense variants in PKN1, DOK2, and APOB genes, that are associated with PDAC risk.
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15
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Chen L, Pan H, Zhang YH, Feng K, Kong X, Huang T, Cai YD. Network-Based Method for Identifying Co- Regeneration Genes in Bone, Dentin, Nerve and Vessel Tissues. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100252. [PMID: 28974058 PMCID: PMC5664102 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and dental diseases are serious public health problems. Most current clinical treatments for these diseases can produce side effects. Regeneration is a promising therapy for bone and dental diseases, yielding natural tissue recovery with few side effects. Because soft tissues inside the bone and dentin are densely populated with nerves and vessels, the study of bone and dentin regeneration should also consider the co-regeneration of nerves and vessels. In this study, a network-based method to identify co-regeneration genes for bone, dentin, nerve and vessel was constructed based on an extensive network of protein–protein interactions. Three procedures were applied in the network-based method. The first procedure, searching, sought the shortest paths connecting regeneration genes of one tissue type with regeneration genes of other tissues, thereby extracting possible co-regeneration genes. The second procedure, testing, employed a permutation test to evaluate whether possible genes were false discoveries; these genes were excluded by the testing procedure. The last procedure, screening, employed two rules, the betweenness ratio rule and interaction score rule, to select the most essential genes. A total of seventeen genes were inferred by the method, which were deemed to contribute to co-regeneration of at least two tissues. All these seventeen genes were extensively discussed to validate the utility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510507, Guangdong, China.
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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17
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Mashud R, Nomachi A, Hayakawa A, Kubouchi K, Danno S, Hirata T, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Satoh R, Sugiura R, Abe M, Sakimura K, Wakana S, Ohsaki H, Kamoshida S, Mukai H. Impaired lymphocyte trafficking in mice deficient in the kinase activity of PKN1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7663. [PMID: 28794483 PMCID: PMC5550459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knock-in mice lacking PKN1 kinase activity were generated by introducing a T778A point mutation in the catalytic domain. PKN1[T778A] mutant mice developed to adulthood without apparent external abnormalities, but exhibited lower T and B lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood than those of wild-type (WT) mice. T and B cell development proceeded in an apparently normal fashion in bone marrow and thymus of PKN1[T778A] mice, however, the number of T and B cell counts were significantly higher in the lymph nodes and spleen of mutant mice in those of WT mice. After transfusion into WT recipients, EGFP-labelled PKN1[T778A] donor lymphocytes were significantly less abundant in the peripheral circulation and more abundant in the spleen and lymph nodes of recipient mice compared with EGFP-labelled WT donor lymphocytes, likely reflecting lymphocyte sequestration in the spleen and lymph nodes in a cell-autonomous fashion. PKN1[T778A] lymphocytes showed significantly lower chemotaxis towards chemokines and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) than WT cells in vitro. The biggest migration defect was observed in response to S1P, which is essential for lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs. These results reveal a novel role of PKN1 in lymphocyte migration and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mashud
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akira Nomachi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihide Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kubouchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sally Danno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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18
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Singh NK, Janjanam J, Rao GN. p115 RhoGEF activates the Rac1 GTPase signaling cascade in MCP1 chemokine-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14080-14091. [PMID: 28655771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.777896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the involvement of Rho proteins in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases is well studied, little is known about the role of their upstream regulators, the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs). Here, we sought to identify the RhoGEFs involved in monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1)-induced vascular wall remodeling. We found that, among the RhoGEFs tested, MCP1 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p115 RhoGEF but not of PDZ RhoGEF or leukemia-associated RhoGEF in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, p115 RhoGEF inhibition suppressed MCP1-induced HASMC migration and proliferation. Consistent with these observations, balloon injury (BI) induced p115 RhoGEF tyrosine phosphorylation in rat common carotid arteries, and siRNA-mediated down-regulation of its levels substantially attenuated BI-induced smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, resulting in reduced neointima formation. Furthermore, depletion of p115 RhoGEF levels also abrogated MCP1- or BI-induced Rac1-NFATc1-cyclin D1-CDK6-PKN1-CDK4-PAK1 signaling, which, as we reported previously, is involved in vascular wall remodeling. Our findings also show that protein kinase N1 (PKN1) downstream of Rac1-cyclin D1/CDK6 and upstream of CDK4-PAK1 in the p115 RhoGEF-Rac1-NFATc1-cyclin D1-CDK6-PKN1-CDK4-PAK1 signaling axis is involved in the modulation of vascular wall remodeling. Of note, we also observed that CCR2-Gi/o-Fyn signaling mediates MCP1-induced p115 RhoGEF and Rac1 GTPase activation. These findings suggest that p115 RhoGEF is critical for MCP1-induced HASMC migration and proliferation in vitro and for injury-induced neointima formation in vivo by modulating Rac1-NFATc1-cyclin D1-CDK6-PKN1-CDK4-PAK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhlesh K Singh
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
| | - Jagadeesh Janjanam
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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19
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Yuan Q, Ren C, Xu W, Petri B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Kubes P, Wu D, Tang W. PKN1 Directs Polarized RAB21 Vesicle Trafficking via RPH3A and Is Important for Neutrophil Adhesion and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Rep 2017; 19:2586-2597. [PMID: 28636945 PMCID: PMC5548392 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarized vesicle transport plays an important role in cell polarization, but the mechanisms underlying this process and its role in innate immune responses are not well understood. Here, we describe a phosphorylation-regulated polarization mechanism that is important for neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells during inflammatory responses. We show that the protein kinase PKN1 phosphorylates RPH3A, which enhances binding of RPH3A to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RAB21. These interactions are important for polarized localization of RAB21 and RPH3A in neutrophils, which leads to PIP5K1C90 polarization. Consistent with the roles of PIP5K1C90 polarization, the lack of PKN1 or RPH3A impairs neutrophil integrin activation, adhesion to endothelial cells, and infiltration in inflammatory models. Furthermore, myeloid-specific loss of PKN1 decreases tissue injury in a renal ischemia-reperfusion model. Thus, this study characterizes a mechanism for protein polarization in neutrophils and identifies a potential protein kinase target for therapeutic intervention in reperfusion-related tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Björn Petri
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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20
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Wang F, Zhan R, Chen L, Dai X, Wang W, Guo R, Li X, Li Z, Wang L, Huang S, Shen J, Li S, Cao C. RhoA promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via PKN1-cyclin D1 signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172613. [PMID: 28222172 PMCID: PMC5319766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound healing, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is not well defined. Here, we explore the effects of RhoA on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Human ESCs were enriched by rapid adhesion to collagen IV. RhoA(+/+)(G14V), RhoA(-/-)(T19N) and pGFP control plasmids were transfected into human ESCs. The effect of RhoA on cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation and DNA synthesis assays. Induction of PKN1 activity by RhoA was determined by immunoblot analysis, and the effects of PKN1 on RhoA in terms of inducing cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression were detected using specific siRNA targeting PKN1. The effects of U-46619 (a RhoA agonist) and C3 transferase (a RhoA antagonist) on ESC proliferation were observed in vivo. RESULTS RhoA had a positive effect on ESC proliferation, and PKN1 activity was up-regulated by the active RhoA mutant (G14V) and suppressed by RhoA T19N. Moreover, the ability of RhoA to promote ESC proliferation and DNA synthesis was interrupted by PKN1 siRNA. Additionally, cyclin D1 protein and mRNA expression levels were up-regulated by RhoA G14V, and these effects were inhibited by siRNA-mediated knock-down of PKN1. RhoA also promoted ESC proliferation via PKN in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows that the effect of RhoA on ESC proliferation is mediated by activation of the PKN1-cyclin D1 pathway in vitro, suggesting that RhoA may serve as a new therapeutic target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shupeng Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (CC)
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (CC)
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Chen R, Yan J, Liu P, Wang Z, Wang C, Zhong W, Xu L. The role of nuclear factor of activated T cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:508-514. [PMID: 28103134 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcription factor about 3 decades ago and was not well studied until the development of immunosuppressant. Numerous studies confirm that calcineurin/NFAT signaling is very important in the development of vasculature and cardiovascular system during embryogenesis and is involved in the development of vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent studies demonstrated that NFAT proteins also regulate immune response and vascular cells in the pulmonary microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss how different NFAT isoforms contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling and potential new therapeutic targets for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Peijing Liu
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei Zhong
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Liangjie Xu
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
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22
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Tang Z, Dai C. Visualization of RAS/MAPK Signaling In Situ by the Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1487:195-201. [PMID: 27924568 PMCID: PMC6659413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6424-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RAS/MAPK signaling responds to diverse extracellular cues and regulates a wide array of cellular processes. Given its biological importance, abnormalities in RAS/MAPK signaling cascade have been intimately implicated in numerous human diseases, including cancer. Herein, we describe a novel methodology to study activation of this pivotal signaling pathway. The Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) is employed to monitor kinase-substrate interactions between MEK1 and HSF1, or MEK1 and ERK1 in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Tang
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
- Graduate Programs, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
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Kumar S, Tchounwou PB. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin cytotoxicity in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40734-46. [PMID: 26486083 PMCID: PMC4747365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is a widely used anti-tumor drug for the treatment of a broad range of human malignancies with successful therapeutic outcomes for head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancers. It has been found to inhibit cell cycle progression and to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. However, its molecular mechanisms of cytotoxic action are poorly understood. We hypothesized that cisplatin induces cytotoxicity through DNA adduct formation, oxidative stress, transcriptional factors (p53 and AP-1), cell cycle regulation, stress signaling and apoptosis in APL cells. We used the APL cell line as a model, and applied a variety of molecular tools to elucidate the cytotoxic mode of action of cisplatin. We found that cisplatin inhibited cell proliferation by a cytotoxicity, characterized by DNA damage and modulation of oxidative stress. Cisplatin also activated p53 and phosphorylated activator protein (AP-1) component, c-Jun at serine (63, 73) residue simultaneously leading to cell cycle arrest through stimulation of p21 and down regulation of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases in APL cell lines. It strongly activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and up-regulation of caspase 3 activity. It also down regulated the p38MAPK pathway. Overall, this study highlights the molecular mechanisms that underline cisplatin toxicity to APL cells, and provides insights into selection of novel targets and/or design of therapeutic agents to treat APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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Novel role of cortactin in G protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced nuclear export and degradation of p21Cip1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28687. [PMID: 27363897 PMCID: PMC4929470 DOI: 10.1038/srep28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) stimulates phosphorylation of cortactin on Y421 and Y446 residues in a time-dependent manner and phosphorylation at Y446 but not Y421 residue is required for MCP1-induced CDK-interacting protein 1 (p21Cip1) nuclear export and degradation in facilitating human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation. In addition, MCP1-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation are dependent on Fyn activation. Upstream to Fyn, MCP1 stimulated C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and Gi/o and inhibition of either one of these molecules using their specific antagonists or inhibitors attenuated MCP1-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation. Cortactin phosphorylation at Y446 residue is also required for another G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist, thrombin-induced p21Cip1 nuclear export and its degradation in promoting HASMC proliferation. Quite interestingly, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) agonist, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation do not require cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation. Together, these findings demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin at Y446 residue is selective for only GPCR but not RTK agonist-induced nuclear export and proteolytic degradation of p21Cip1 in HASMC proliferation.
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25
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Fric J, Lim CXF, Mertes A, Lee BTK, Viganò E, Chen J, Zolezzi F, Poidinger M, Larbi A, Strobl H, Zelante T, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. Calcium and calcineurin-NFAT signaling regulate granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell cycle via Flt3-L. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3232-44. [PMID: 25100642 PMCID: PMC4282522 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of myeloid progenitor cells is controlled by complex regulatory mechanisms and is orchestrated by multiple different transcription factors. Here, we report that the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) by calcium-sensing protein calcineurin inhibits the proliferation of myeloid granulocyte–monocyte progenitors (GMPs). Myeloid progenitor subtypes exhibit variable sensitivity to induced Ca2+ entry and consequently display differential engagement of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. This study shows that inhibition of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway enhances the proliferation of GMPs both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrates that calcineurin-NFAT signaling in GMPs is initiated by Flt3-L. Inhibition of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway modified expression of the cell cycle regulation genes Cdk4, Cdk6, and Cdkn1a (p21), thus enabling rapid cell cycle progression specifically in GMPs. NFAT inhibitor drugs are extensively used in the clinic to restrict the pathological activation of lymphoid cells, and our data reveal for the first time that these therapies also exert potent effects on maintenance of the myeloid cell compartment through specific regulation of GMP proliferation. Stem Cells2014;32:3232–3244
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fric
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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26
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Janjanam J, Chandaka GK, Kotla S, Rao GN. PLCβ3 mediates cortactin interaction with WAVE2 in MCP1-induced actin polymerization and cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4589-606. [PMID: 26490115 PMCID: PMC4678017 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vascular wall remodeling. However, the mechanisms underlying MCP1-induced VSMC migration have not been understood. Here we identify the signaling pathway associated with MCP1-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) migration. MCP1, a G protein-coupled receptor agonist, activates phosphorylation of cortactin on S405 and S418 residues in a time-dependent manner, and inhibition of its phosphorylation attenuates MCP1-induced HASMC G-actin polymerization, F-actin stress fiber formation, and migration. Cortactin phosphorylation on S405/S418 is found to be critical for its interaction with WAVE2, a member of the WASP family of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins required for cell migration. In addition, the MCP1-induced cortactin phosphorylation is dependent on PLCβ3-mediated PKCδ activation, and siRNA-mediated down-regulation of either of these molecules prevents cortactin interaction with WAVE2, affecting G-actin polymerization, F-actin stress fiber formation, and HASMC migration. Upstream, MCP1 activates CCR2 and Gαq/11 in a time-dependent manner, and down-regulation of their levels attenuates MCP1-induced PLCβ3 and PKCδ activation, cortactin phosphorylation, cortactin-WAVE2 interaction, G-actin polymerization, F-actin stress fiber formation, and HASMC migration. Together these findings demonstrate that phosphorylation of cortactin on S405 and S418 residues is required for its interaction with WAVE2 in MCP1-induced cytoskeleton remodeling, facilitating HASMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Giri Kumar Chandaka
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
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27
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Li C, Lei B, Huang S, Zheng M, Liu Z, Li Z, Deng Y. H19 derived microRNA-675 regulates cell proliferation and migration through CDK6 in glioma. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1747-1764. [PMID: 26692922 PMCID: PMC4656755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) H19 is one of the most highly abundant and conserved transcripts involved in the mammalian development and tumorigenesis. H19 is expressed in both embryonic cells and tumor cells, but its physical and pathological functions still need to be further studied. Our results showed that microRNA-675, a microRNA in the first exon of H19, expressed in glioma. Over-expression of microRNA-675 in a range of glioma cell lines resulted in their immoderate proliferation and migration. In addition, H19 derived microRNA-675 was down-regulated in the glioma, and CDK6, a pivotal regulator in cell cycle, was a target of microRNA-675. The survival of glioma patients with low CDK6 expression significantly increased as compared to patients with high CDK6 expression. Moreover, the CDK6 expression was inversely correlated with microRNA-675 expression in the glioma. Our results suggest that H19 derived microRNA-675 may regulate giloma cell proliferation and migration through CDK6, and predict a poor prognosis of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuaibin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Meiguang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhenghao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuefei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
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28
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Rodríguez AI, Csányi G, Ranayhossaini DJ, Feck DM, Blose KJ, Assatourian L, Vorp DA, Pagano PJ. MEF2B-Nox1 signaling is critical for stretch-induced phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:430-8. [PMID: 25550204 PMCID: PMC4409426 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood vessel hemodynamics have profound influences on function and structure of vascular cells. One of the main mechanical forces influencing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is cyclic stretch (CS). Increased CS stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in VSMC, leading to their dedifferentiation, yet the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pathological CS stimulates NADPH oxidase isoform 1 (Nox1)-derived ROS via MEF2B, leading to VSMC dysfunction via a switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using a newly developed isoform-specific Nox1 inhibitor and gene silencing technology, we demonstrate that a novel pathway, including MEF2B-Nox1-ROS, is upregulated under pathological stretch conditions, and this pathway promotes a VSMC phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. We observed that CS (10% at 1 Hz) mimicking systemic hypertension in humans increased Nox1 mRNA, protein levels, and enzymatic activity in a time-dependent manner, and this upregulation was mediated by MEF2B. Furthermore, we show that stretch-induced Nox1-derived ROS upregulated a specific marker for synthetic phenotype (osteopontin), whereas it downregulated classical markers for contractile phenotype (calponin1 and smoothelin B). In addition, our data demonstrated that stretch-induced Nox1 activation decreases actin fiber density and augments matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity, VSMC migration, and vectorial alignment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CS initiates a signal through MEF2B that potentiates Nox1-mediated ROS production and causes VSMC to switch to a synthetic phenotype. The data also characterize a new Nox1 inhibitor as a potential therapy for treatment of vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/genetics
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/drug effects
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Pressoreceptors/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés I Rodríguez
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Gábor Csányi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Daniel J Ranayhossaini
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Douglas M Feck
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Kory J Blose
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Lillian Assatourian
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - David A Vorp
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R)
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.I.R., G.C., D.J.R, D.M.F., L.A., P.J.P), and Departments of Bioengineering, Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (K.J.B., D.A.V), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (A.I.R).
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Arsenic trioxide induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:42. [PMID: 24887205 PMCID: PMC4049373 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which accounts for approximately 10% of all acute myloid leukemia cases. It is a blood cancer that is formed by chromosomal mutation. Each year in the United States, APL affects about 1,500 patients of all age groups and causes approximately 1.2% of cancer deaths. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used successfully for treatment of APL patients, and both induction and consolidated therapy have resulted in complete remission. Recently published studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that ATO pharmacology as an anti-leukemic drug is associated with cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in leukemia cells. Methods In the present study, we further investigated the detailed molecular mechanism of ATO-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis; using HL-60 cells as a test model. Oxidative stress was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of MDA and GSH levels while genotoxicity was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay). Apoptosis pathway was analyzed by Western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl2 and caspase 3 expression, as well as immunocytochemistry and confocal imaging of Bax and Cyt c translocation and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. Results ATO significantly (p < 0.05) induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and caspase 3 activityin HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by significantly modulating (p < 0.05) the expression and translocation of apoptotic molecules and decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential in leukemia cells. Conclusion Taken together, our research demonstrated that ATO induces mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. This apoptotic signaling is modulated via oxidative stress, DNA damage, and change in mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation and upregulation of apoptotic proteins leading programmed cell death.
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30
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Thumkeo D, Watanabe S, Narumiya S. Physiological roles of Rho and Rho effectors in mammals. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:303-15. [PMID: 24183240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPase is a master regulator controlling cytoskeleton in multiple contexts such as cell migration, adhesion and cytokinesis. Of several Rho GTPases in mammals, the best characterized is the Rho subfamily including ubiquitously expressed RhoA and its homologs RhoB and RhoC. Upon binding GTP, Rho exerts its functions through downstream Rho effectors, such as ROCK, mDia, Citron, PKN, Rhophilin and Rhotekin. Until recently, our knowledge about functions of Rho and Rho effectors came mostly from in vitro studies utilizing cultured cells, and their physiological roles in vivo were largely unknown. However, gene-targeting studies of Rho and its effectors have now unraveled their tissue- and cell-specific roles and provide deeper insight into the physiological function of Rho signaling in vivo. In this article, we briefly describe previous studies of the function of Rho and its effectors in vitro and then review and discuss recent studies on knockout mice of Rho and its effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Innovation Center for Immunoregulation, Technologies and Drugs (AK Project), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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31
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Owens CD, Gasper WJ, Rahman AS, Conte MS. Vein graft failure. J Vasc Surg 2013; 61:203-16. [PMID: 24095042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After the creation of an autogenous lower extremity bypass graft, the vein must undergo a series of dynamic structural changes to stabilize the arterial hemodynamic forces. These changes, which are commonly referred to as remodeling, include an inflammatory response, the development of a neointima, matrix turnover, and cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The sum total of these processes results in dramatic alterations in the physical and biomechanical attributes of the arterialized vein. The most clinically obvious and easily measured of these is lumen remodeling of the graft. However, although somewhat less precise, wall thickness, matrix composition, and endothelial changes can be measured in vivo within the healing vein graft. Recent translational work has demonstrated the clinical relevance of remodeling as it relates to vein graft patency and the systemic factors influencing it. By correlating histologic and molecular changes in the vein, insights into potential therapeutic strategies to prevent bypass failure and areas for future investigation are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Owens
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Warren J Gasper
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Amreen S Rahman
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Michael S Conte
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
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32
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Kundumani-Sridharan V, Singh NK, Kumar S, Gadepalli R, Rao GN. Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 mediates p21-activated kinase 1 activation in the modulation of chemokine-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation and injury-induced vascular wall remodeling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22150-62. [PMID: 23737530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mediate cell migration. However, the mechanisms were not known. Therefore, the objective of this study is to test whether cyclin/CDKs activate Pak1, an effector of Rac1, whose involvement in the modulation of cell migration and proliferation is well established. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) induced Pak1 phosphorylation/activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in a delayed time-dependent manner. MCP1 also stimulated F-actin stress fiber formation in a delayed manner in HASMCs, as well as the migration and proliferation of these cells. Inhibition of Pak1 suppressed MCP1-induced HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. MCP1 induced cyclin D1 expression as well as CDK6 and CDK4 activities, and these effects were dependent on activation of NFATc1. Depletion of NFATc1, cyclin D1, CDK6, or CDK4 levels attenuated MCP1-induced Pak1 phosphorylation/activation and resulted in decreased HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. CDK4, which appeared to be activated downstream of CDK6, formed a complex with Pak1 in response to MCP1. MCP1 also activated Rac1 in a time-dependent manner, and depletion/inhibition of its levels/activation abrogated MCP1-induced NFATc1-cyclin D1-CDK6-CDK4-Pak1 signaling and, thereby, decreased HASMC F-actin stress fiber formation, migration, and proliferation. In addition, smooth muscle-specific deletion of NFATc1 led to decreased cyclin D1 expression and CDK6, CDK4, and Pak1 activities, resulting in reduced neointima formation in response to injury. Thus, these observations reveal that Pak1 is a downstream effector of CDK4 and Rac1-dependent, NFATc1-mediated cyclin D1 expression and CDK6 activity mediate this effect. In addition, smooth muscle-specific deletion of NFATc1 prevented the capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells for MCP-1-induced activation of the cyclin D1-CDK6-CDK4-Pak1 signaling axis, affecting their migration and proliferation in vitro and injury-induced neointima formation in vivo.
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