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Cao H, Chen L, Zeng Z, Wu X, Lei Y, Jia W, Yue G, Yi B, Li YJ, Shi Y. Reversal of cholestatic liver disease by the inhibition of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 signaling. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16744. [PMID: 38250717 PMCID: PMC10798156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The objective of this study is to examine the impact of inhibiting Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) on liver inflammation, fibrogenesis, and changes of gut microbiome in the context of cholestasis-induced conditions. Methods The cholestatic liver injury model was developed by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups, sham operation, CBDL group and JTE-013 treated CBDL group. Biochemical and histological assessments were conducted to investigate the influence of S1PR2 on the modulation of fibrogenic factors and inflammatory infiltration. We conducted an analysis of the fecal microbiome by using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum bile acid composition was evaluated through the utilization of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Results In the BDL rat model, the study findings revealed a significant increase in serum levels of conjugated bile acids, accompanied by an overexpression of S1PR2. Treatment with the specific inhibitor of S1PR2, known as JTE-013, resulted in a range of specific effects on the BDL rats. These effects included the improvement of liver function, reduction of liver inflammation, inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis, and suppression of NETosis. These effects are likely mediated through the TCA/S1PR2/NOX2/NLRP3 pathway. Furthermore, the administration of JTE-013 resulted in an augmentation of the diversity of the bacterial community's diversity, facilitating the proliferation of advantageous species while concurrently inhibiting the prevalence of detrimental bacteria. Conclusions The results of our study suggest that the administration of JTE-013 may have a beneficial effect in alleviating cholestatic liver disease and restoring the balance of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyang Zeng
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-jie Li
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Chongqing, China
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Wang W, Sherry T, Cheng X, Fan Q, Cornell R, Liu J, Xiao Z, Pocock R. An intestinal sphingolipid confers intergenerational neuroprotection. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1196-1207. [PMID: 37537365 PMCID: PMC10415181 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In animals, maternal diet and environment can influence the health of offspring. Whether and how maternal dietary choice impacts the nervous system across multiple generations is not well understood. Here we show that feeding Caenorhabditis elegans with ursolic acid, a natural plant product, improves axon transport and reduces adult-onset axon fragility intergenerationally. Ursolic acid provides neuroprotection by enhancing maternal provisioning of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a bioactive sphingolipid. Intestine-to-oocyte sphingosine-1-phosphate transfer is required for intergenerational neuroprotection and is dependent on the RME-2 lipoprotein yolk receptor. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts intergenerationally by upregulating the transcription of the acid ceramidase-1 (asah-1) gene in the intestine. Spatial regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is critical, as inappropriate asah-1 expression in neurons causes developmental axon outgrowth defects. Our results show that sphingolipid homeostasis impacts the development and intergenerational health of the nervous system. The ability of specific lipid metabolites to act as messengers between generations may have broad implications for dietary choice during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Wang
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tessa Sherry
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinran Cheng
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Fan
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornell
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhang F, Lu Y. The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis: an Emerging Therapeutic Opportunity for Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2040-2059. [PMID: 36662421 PMCID: PMC9857924 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common condition in women of reproductive age, but its current interventions are unsatisfactory. Recent research discovered a dysregulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway in endometriosis and showed a positive outcome by targeting it. The S1P axis participates in a series of fundamental pathophysiological processes. This narrative review is trying to expound the reported and putative (due to limited reports in this area for now) interactions between the S1P axis and endometriosis in those pathophysiological processes, to provide some perspectives for future research. In short, S1P signaling pathway is highly activated in the endometriotic lesion. The S1P concentration has a surge in the endometriotic cyst fluid and the peritoneal fluid, with the downstream dysregulation of its receptors. The S1P axis plays an essential role in the migration and activation of the immune cells, fibrosis, angiogenesis, pain-related hyperalgesia, and innervation. S1P receptor (S1PR) modulators showed an impressive therapeutic effect by targeting the different S1P receptors in the endometriosis model, and many other conditions resemble endometriosis. And several of them already got approval for clinical application in many diseases, which means a drug repurposing direction and a rapid clinical translation for endometriosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Mignani L, Guerra J, Corli M, Capoferri D, Presta M. Zebra-Sphinx: Modeling Sphingolipidoses in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054747. [PMID: 36902174 PMCID: PMC10002607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are inborn errors of metabolism due to the pathogenic mutation of genes that encode for lysosomal enzymes, transporters, or enzyme cofactors that participate in the sphingolipid catabolism. They represent a subgroup of lysosomal storage diseases characterized by the gradual lysosomal accumulation of the substrate(s) of the defective proteins. The clinical presentation of patients affected by sphingolipid storage disorders ranges from a mild progression for some juvenile- or adult-onset forms to severe/fatal infantile forms. Despite significant therapeutic achievements, novel strategies are required at basic, clinical, and translational levels to improve patient outcomes. On these bases, the development of in vivo models is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses and for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. The teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a useful platform to model several human genetic diseases owing to the high grade of genome conservation between human and zebrafish, combined with precise genome editing and the ease of manipulation. In addition, lipidomic studies have allowed the identification in zebrafish of all of the main classes of lipids present in mammals, supporting the possibility to model diseases of the lipidic metabolism in this animal species with the advantage of using mammalian lipid databases for data processing. This review highlights the use of zebrafish as an innovative model system to gain novel insights into the pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses, with possible implications for the identification of more efficacious therapeutic approaches.
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Levesque MV, Hla T. Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation in the Endothelium. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:cshperspect.a041153. [PMID: 35667710 PMCID: PMC9722983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate homeostasis and adapt to stress. This involves rapid intracellular post-translational responses and long-lasting gene-expression changes that ultimately determine cellular phenotype and fate changes. The lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PRs) are examples of well-studied GPCR signaling axis essential for vascular development, homeostasis, and diseases. The biochemical cascades involved in rapid S1P signaling are well understood. However, gene-expression regulation by S1PRs are less understood. In this review, we focus our attention to how S1PRs regulate nuclear chromatin changes and gene transcription to modulate vascular and lymphatic endothelial phenotypic changes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Because S1PR-targeted drugs approved for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases cause substantial vascular-related adverse events, these findings are critical not only for general understanding of stimulus-evoked gene regulation in the vascular endothelium, but also for therapeutic development of drugs for autoimmune and perhaps vascular diseases.
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Abu Bakar N, Wan Ibrahim WN, Che Abdullah CA, Ramlan NF, Shaari K, Shohaimi S, Mediani A, Nasruddin NS, Kim CH, Mohd Faudzi SM. Embryonic Arsenic Exposure Triggers Long-Term Behavioral Impairment with Metabolite Alterations in Zebrafish. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090493. [PMID: 36136458 PMCID: PMC9502072 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a ubiquitous heavy metal in the environment. Exposure to this toxin at low concentrations is unremarkable in developing organisms. Nevertheless, understanding the underlying mechanism of its long-term adverse effects remains a challenge. In this study, embryos were initially exposed to As2O3 from gastrulation to hatching under semi-static conditions. Results showed dose-dependent increased mortality, with exposure to 30-40 µM As2O3 significantly reducing tail-coiling and heart rate at early larval stages. Surviving larvae after 30 µM As2O3 exposure showed deficits in motor behavior without impairment of anxiety-like responses at 6 dpf and a slight impairment in color preference behavior at 11 dpf, which was later evident in adulthood. As2O3 also altered locomotor function, with a loss of directional and color preference in adult zebrafish, which correlated with changes in transcriptional regulation of adsl, shank3a, and tsc1b genes. During these processes, As2O3 mainly induced metabolic changes in lipids, particularly arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, prostaglandin, and sphinganine-1-phosphate in the post-hatching period of zebrafish. Overall, this study provides new insight into the potential mechanism of arsenic toxicity leading to long-term learning impairment in zebrafish and may benefit future risk assessments of other environmental toxins of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Abu Bakar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- The Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Ramlan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
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Deng S, Ao Z, Liu B, She Q, Du J, Liu Y, Jing X. Correlation between plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate and the occurrence and severity of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2022; 29:920-925. [PMID: 35881936 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingosine with antiatherosclerotic effects. The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) increases significantly among women after menopause. We explored the relationship between plasma S1P levels and the occurrence and severity of CHD in postmenopausal women. METHODS Postmenopausal women admitted to our hospital for coronary angiography because of chest pain-like symptoms were included in our study. By 1:1 age matching (age difference ≤5 y), 166 women in the CHD group and control group were enrolled. The plasma S1P concentration was determined, and the Gensini score was calculated to decide the severity of CHD. RESULTS Plasma S1P levels were significantly lower in the CHD group of postmenopausal women ( P < 0.001). S1P (odds ratio, 0.952; 95% CI, 0.934-0.970) was an independent predictor of the occurrence of CHD in postmenopausal women. The area under the curve for S1P to predict the occurrence of CHD was 0.653 (95% CI, 0.595-0.712), and the cutoff value was 96.89 ng/mL. The plasma S1P level was the lowest in the high-tertile group of the Gensini score ( P < 0.001), and the plasma S1P (odds ratio, 0.948; 95% CI, 0.926-0.970) was an independent predictor of a high Gensini score in postmenopausal women with CHD. CONCLUSIONS Plasma S1P is an independent risk factor of the occurrence and severity of CHD in postmenopausal women. The occurrence and aggravation of CHD in postmenopausal women may be related to levels of S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Deng
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehui Ao
- the Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xiushan Country, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang She
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlin Du
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Jing
- From the Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qiu Y, Chao CY, Jiang L, Zhang J, Niu QQ, Guo YQ, Song YT, Li P, Zhu ML, Yin YL. Citronellal alleviate macro- and micro-vascular damage in high fat diet / streptozotocin - Induced diabetic rats via a S1P/S1P1 dependent signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Olesch C, Brüne B, Weigert A. Keep a Little Fire Burning-The Delicate Balance of Targeting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cancer Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031289. [PMID: 35163211 PMCID: PMC8836181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes tumor development through a variety of mechanisms including promoting proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, S1P emerged as an important regulator of tumor microenvironmental cell function by modulating, among other mechanisms, tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, S1P was proposed as a target for anti-tumor therapy. The clinical success of current cancer immunotherapy suggests that future anti-tumor therapy needs to consider its impact on the tumor-associated immune system. Hereby, S1P may have divergent effects. On the one hand, S1P gradients control leukocyte trafficking throughout the body, which is clinically exploited to suppress auto-immune reactions. On the other hand, S1P promotes pro-tumor activation of a diverse range of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the current literature describing the role of S1P in tumor-associated immunity, and we discuss strategies for how to target S1P for anti-tumor therapy without causing immune paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Olesch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (C.O.); (B.B.)
- Bayer Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (C.O.); (B.B.)
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (C.O.); (B.B.)
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Liao J, Zheng Y, Hu M, Xu P, Lin L, Liu X, Wu Y, Huang B, Ye X, Li S, Duan R, Fu H, Huang J, Wen L, Fu Y, Kilby MD, Kenny LC, Baker PN, Qi H, Tong C. Impaired Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Synthesis Induces Preeclampsia by Deactivating Trophoblastic YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) Through S1PR2 (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2)-Induced Actin Polymerizations. Hypertension 2021; 79:399-412. [PMID: 34865521 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete spiral artery remodeling, caused by impaired extravillous trophoblast invasion, is a fundamental pathogenic process associated with malplacentation and the development of preeclampsia. Nevertheless, the mechanisms controlling this regulation of trophoblast invasion are largely unknown. We report that sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis and expression is abundant in healthy trophoblast, whereas in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia the placentae are associated with reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate and lower SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase 1) expression and activity. In vivo inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 activity during placentation in pregnant mice led to decreased placental sphingosine-1-phosphate production and defective placentation, resulting in a preeclampsia phenotype. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate increased HTR8/SVneo (immortalized trophoblast cells) cell invasion in a Hippo-signaling-dependent transcriptional coactivator YAP (Yes-associated protein) dependent manner, which is activated by S1PR2 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2) and downstream RhoA/ROCK induced actin polymerization. Mutation-based YAP-5SA demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate activation of YAP could be either dependent or independent of Hippo signaling. Together, these findings suggest a novel pathogenic pathway of preeclampsia via disrupted sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism and signaling-induced, interrupted actin dynamics and YAP deactivation; this may lead to potential novel intervention targets for the prevention and management of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiang Liao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yangxi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston (Y.Z.).,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Xiyao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Xuan Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham and the Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (M.D.K.)
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (L.C.K.)
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.N.B.)
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Chongqing Women and Children's Health Center, China (H.Q.)
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
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11
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Wang S, Zhou Z, Li J, Wang Y, Li H, Lv R, Xu G, Zhang J, Bi J, Huo R. Identification of ACTA2 as a Key Contributor to Venous Malformation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755409. [PMID: 34858981 PMCID: PMC8630574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Proteomics and high connotation functional gene screening (HCS) were used to screen key functional genes that play important roles in the pathogenesis of venous malformation. Furthermore, this study was conducted to analyze and explore their possible functions, establish a gene mutation zebrafish model, and perform a preliminary study to explore their possible pathogenic mechanisms in venous malformation. Methods: Pathological and normal tissues from patients with disseminated venous malformation were selected for Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) proteomics analysis to identify proteins that were differentially expressed. Based on bioinformatics analysis, 20 proteins with significant differential expression were selected for HCS to find key driver genes and characterize the expression of these genes in patients with venous malformations. In vitro experiments were then performed using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). A gene mutant zebrafish model was also constructed for in vivo experiments to explore gene functions and pathogenic mechanisms. Results: The TMT results showed a total of 71 proteins that were differentially expressed as required, with five of them upregulated and 66 downregulated. Based on bioinformatics and proteomics results, five highly expressed genes and 15 poorly expressed genes were selected for functional screening by RNAi technology. HCS screening identified ACTA2 as the driver gene. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot were used to detect the expression of ACTA2 in the pathological tissues of patients with venous malformations and in control tissues, and the experimental results showed a significantly lower expression of ACTA2 in venous malformation tissues (P < 0.05). Cell assays on the human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) model showed that cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenic ability were all significantly increased in the ACTA2 over-expression group (P < 0.05), and that overexpression of ACTA2 could improve the inhibitory effect on vascular endothelial cell proliferation. We constructed an ACTA2-knockdown zebrafish model and found that the knockdown of ACTA2 resulted in defective vascular development, disruption of vascular integrity, and malformation of micro vein development in zebrafish. Further qPCR assays revealed that the knockdown of ACTA2 inhibited the Dll4/notch1 signaling pathway, Ephrin-B2 signaling pathway, and vascular integrity-related molecules and activated the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Conclusion: This study revealed that ACTA2 deficiency is an important factor in the pathogenesis of venous malformation, resulting in the disruption of vascular integrity and malformed vascular development. ACTA2 can be used as a potential biomarker for the treatment and prognosis of venous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zifu Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Renrong Lv
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangqi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhai Bi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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12
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Luo H, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Li L, Sheng Z, Yu Y, Lin Y, Chen X, Feng P. Nxhl Controls Angiogenesis by Targeting VE-PTP Through Interaction With Nucleolin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728821. [PMID: 34733844 PMCID: PMC8558974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of angiogenesis is required for organ development, wound repair, and tumor progression. Here, we identified a novel gene, nxhl (New XingHuo light), that is conserved in vertebrates and that plays a crucial role in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered its essential roles in development based on co-expression with several key developmental genes. Knockdown of nxhl in zebrafish causes global and pericardial edema, loss of blood circulation, and vascular defects characterized by both reduced vascularization in intersegmental vessels and decreased sprouting in the caudal vein plexus. The nxhl gene also affects human endothelial cell behavior in vitro. We found that nxhl functions in part by targeting VE-PTP through interaction with NCL (nucleolin). Loss of ptprb (a VE-PTP ortholo) in zebrafish resulted in defects similar to nxhl knockdown. Moreover, nxhl deficiency attenuates tumor invasion and proteins (including VE-PTP and NCL) associated with angiogenesis and EMT. These findings illustrate that nxhl can regulate angiogenesis via a novel nxhl-NCL-VE-PTP axis, providing a new therapeutic target for modulating vascular formation and function, especially for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaoan Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
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13
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Biologically active lipids in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108011. [PMID: 34614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have crucial roles in the regulation of interstitial fluids, immune surveillance, and the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. Lymphatic function is also closely related to the pathogenesis of various disease states such as inflammation, lymphedema, endometriosis, liver dysfunction, and tumor metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, is a critical determinant in the above conditions. Although the effect of growth factors on lymphangiogenesis is well-characterized, and biologically active lipids are known to affect smooth muscle contractility and vasoaction, there is accumulating evidence that biologically active lipids are also important inducers of growth factors and cytokines that regulate lymphangiogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of biologically active lipids, including arachidonic acid metabolites, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid, as regulators of lymphangiogenesis, and the emerging importance of the lymphangiogenesis as a therapeutic target.
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14
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Cui M, Göbel V, Zhang H. Uncovering the 'sphinx' of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling: from cellular events to organ morphogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:251-272. [PMID: 34585505 PMCID: PMC9292677 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, functioning as a signalling molecule in diverse cellular processes. Over the past few decades, studies of S1P signalling have revealed that the physiological activity of S1P largely depends on S1P metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors on the plasma membrane, as well as on the intracellular proteins that S1P binds directly to. In addition to its roles in cancer signalling, immunity and inflammation, a large body of evidence has identified a close link of S1P signalling with organ morphogenesis. Here we discuss the vital role of S1P signalling in orchestrating various cellular events during organ morphogenesis through analysing each component along the extracellular and intracellular S1P signalling axes. For each component, we review advances in our understanding of S1P signalling and function from the upstream regulators to the downstream effectors and from cellular behaviours to tissue organization, primarily in the context of morphogenetic mechanisms. S1P-mediated vesicular trafficking is also discussed as a function independent of its signalling function. A picture emerges that reveals a multifaceted role of S1P-dependent pathways in the development and maintenance of organ structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Cui
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Verena Göbel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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15
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Structures of signaling complexes of lipid receptors S1PR1 and S1PR5 reveal mechanisms of activation and drug recognition. Cell Res 2021; 31:1263-1274. [PMID: 34526663 PMCID: PMC8441948 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important bioactive lipid molecule in cell membrane metabolism and binds to G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, physiological homeostasis, and pathogenic processes in various organs. S1PRs are lipid-sensing receptors and are therapeutic targets for drug development, including potential treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we present five cryo-electron microscopy structures of S1PRs bound to diverse drug agonists and the heterotrimeric Gi protein. Our structural and functional assays demonstrate the different binding modes of chemically distinct agonists of S1PRs, reveal the mechanical switch that activates these receptors, and provide a framework for understanding ligand selectivity and G protein coupling.
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16
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Fang L, Hou J, Cao Y, Shan JJ, Zhao J. Spinster homolog 2 in cancers, its functions and mechanisms. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109821. [PMID: 33144184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) is a multi-transmembrane transporter, widely located in the cell membrane and organelle membranes. It transports sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into the extracellular space and the circulatory system, thus alters the concentration and the distribution of S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PRs) and S1P related enzymes, meaning that it exerts its functions via S1P signaling pathways. Studies also show that ectopic SPNS2 mediates parts of the physiological process of the cells. As of now, SPNS2 has been reported to participate in physiological processes such as angiogenesis, embryonic development, immune response and metabolisms. It is also associated with the transformation from inflammation to cancer as well as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the functions and the mechanisms of SPNS2 in the pathogenesis of cancer to provide new insights for the diagnosis and the treatments of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Fang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guandong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yihui Cao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong 510006, PR China
| | - Jia-Jie Shan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong, 510006, PR China.
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17
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Anwar M, Mehta D. Post-translational modifications of S1PR1 and endothelial barrier regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158760. [PMID: 32585303 PMCID: PMC7409382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), a G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed in endothelium and activated upon ligation by the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is an important vascular-barrier protective mechanism at the level of adherens junctions (AJ). Loss of endothelial barrier function is a central factor in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions characterized by protein-rich lung edema formation, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While several S1PR1 agonists are available, the challenge of arresting the progression of protein-rich edema formation remains to be met. In this review, we discuss the role of S1PRs, especially S1PR1, in regulating endothelial barrier function. We review recent findings showing that replenishment of the pool of cell-surface S1PR1 may be crucial to the effectiveness of S1P in repairing the endothelial barrier. In this context, we discuss the S1P generating machinery and mechanisms that regulate S1PR1 at the cell surface and their impact on endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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19
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Kovilakath A, Jamil M, Cowart LA. Sphingolipids in the Heart: From Cradle to Grave. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:652. [PMID: 33042014 PMCID: PMC7522163 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and this has largely been driven by the increase in metabolic disease in recent decades. Metabolic disease alters metabolism, distribution, and profiles of sphingolipids in multiple organs and tissues; as such, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling have been vigorously studied as contributors to metabolic pathophysiology in various pathological outcomes of obesity, including cardiovascular disease. Much experimental evidence suggests that targeting sphingolipid metabolism may be advantageous in the context of cardiometabolic disease. The heart, however, is a structurally and functionally complex organ where bioactive sphingolipids have been shown not only to mediate pathological processes, but also to contribute to essential functions in cardiogenesis and cardiac function. Additionally, some sphingolipids are protective in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition to mechanistic contributions, untargeted lipidomics approaches used in recent years have identified some specific circulating sphingolipids as novel biomarkers in the context of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent literature on both deleterious and beneficial contributions of sphingolipids to cardiogenesis and myocardial function as well as recent identification of novel sphingolipid biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk prediction and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lauren Ashley Cowart
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20
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Zhang T, Trauger SA, Vidoudez C, Doane KP, Pluimer BR, Peterson RT. Parallel Reaction Monitoring reveals structure-specific ceramide alterations in the zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19939. [PMID: 31882772 PMCID: PMC6934720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive characterisations of the zebrafish genome and proteome have established a foundation for the use of the zebrafish as a model organism; however, characterisation of the zebrafish lipidome has not been as comprehensive. In an effort to expand current knowledge of the zebrafish sphingolipidome, a Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to comprehensively quantify zebrafish ceramides. Comparison between zebrafish and a human cell line demonstrated remarkable overlap in ceramide composition, but also revealed a surprising lack of most sphingadiene-containing ceramides in the zebrafish. PRM analysis of zebrafish embryogenesis identified developmental stage-specific ceramide changes based on long chain base (LCB) length. A CRISPR-Cas9-generated zebrafish model of Farber disease exhibited reduced size, early mortality, and severe ceramide accumulation where the amplitude of ceramide change depended on both acyl chain and LCB lengths. Our method adds an additional level of detail to current understanding of the zebrafish lipidome, and could aid in the elucidation of structure-function associations in the context of lipid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sunia A Trauger
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim P Doane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brock R Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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21
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Wang P, Yuan Y, Lin W, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X. Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31807117 PMCID: PMC6857321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent pleiotropic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in numerous cellular processes, including angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is formed by one of two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. These enzymes largely exert their various biological and pathophysiological actions through one of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), with receptor activation setting in motion various signaling cascades. Considerable evidence has been accumulated on S1P signaling and its pathogenic roles in diseases, as well as on novel modulators of S1P signaling, such as SphK inhibitors and S1P agonists and antagonists. S1P and ceramide, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, are reciprocal cell fate regulators, and S1P signaling plays essential roles in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, targeting of S1P signaling may be one way to block the pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in these conditions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates a role for the S1P signaling pathway in the progression of cancer and its effects. In the present review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of S1P and its related proteins in cancer progression. Also described is the therapeutic potential of S1P receptors and their downstream signaling cascades as targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,2Research and Academic Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning China
| | - Wenda Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ke Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xun Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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22
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Zebrafish and Medaka: Two Teleost Models of T-Cell and Thymic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174179. [PMID: 31454991 PMCID: PMC6747487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, studies have demonstrated that several features of T-cell and thymic development are conserved from teleosts to mammals. In particular, works using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these biological processes. In particular, the ease of noninvasive in vivo imaging of these species enables direct visualization of all events associated with these processes, which are, in mice, technically very demanding. In this review, we focus on defining the similarities and differences between zebrafish and medaka in T-cell development and thymus organogenesis; and highlight their advantages as two complementary model systems for T-cell immunobiology and modeling of human diseases.
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23
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Weigert A, Olesch C, Brüne B. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Macrophage Biology-How the Sphinx Tames the Big Eater. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1706. [PMID: 31379883 PMCID: PMC6658986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is produced by sphingosine kinases to either signal through intracellular targets or to activate a family of specific G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR). S1P levels are usually low in peripheral tissues compared to the vasculature, forming a gradient that mediates lymphocyte trafficking. However, S1P levels rise during inflammation in peripheral tissues, thereby affecting resident or recruited immune cells, including macrophages. As macrophages orchestrate initiation and resolution of inflammation, the sphingosine kinase/S1P/S1P-receptor axis emerges as an important determinant of macrophage function in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and infection. In this review, we therefore summarize the current knowledge how S1P affects macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine Olesch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Brunkhorst R, Pfeilschifter W, Rajkovic N, Pfeffer M, Fischer C, Korf HW, Christoffersen C, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Pfeilschifter J, Koch A. Diurnal regulation of sphingolipids in blood. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase mutation induces steatosis and hepatic injury in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1138. [PMID: 30718751 PMCID: PMC6361991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) is the key enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis. We identified a novel missense kdsrI105R mutation in zebrafish that led to a loss of function, and resulted in progression of hepatomegaly to steatosis, then hepatic injury phenotype. Lipidomics analysis of the kdsrI105R mutant revealed compensatory activation of the sphingolipid salvage pathway, resulting in significant accumulation of sphingolipids including ceramides, sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Ultrastructural analysis revealed swollen mitochondria with cristae damage in the kdsrI105R mutant hepatocytes, which can be a cause of hepatic injury in the mutant. We found elevated sphingosine kinase 2 (sphk2) expression in the kdsrI105R mutant. Genetic interaction analysis with the kdsrI105R and the sphk2wc1 mutants showed that sphk2 depletion suppressed liver defects observed in the kdsrI105R mutant, suggesting that liver defects were mediated by S1P accumulation. Further, both oxidative stress and ER stress were completely suppressed by deletion of sphk2 in kdsrI105R mutants, linking these two processes mechanistically to hepatic injury in the kdsrI105R mutants. Importantly, we found that the heterozygous mutation in kdsr induced predisposed liver injury in adult zebrafish. These data point to kdsr as a novel genetic risk factor for hepatic injury.
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26
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Porter H, Qi H, Prabhu N, Grambergs R, McRae J, Hopiavuori B, Mandal N. Characterizing Sphingosine Kinases and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors in the Mammalian Eye and Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123885. [PMID: 30563056 PMCID: PMC6321283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates numerous biological processes including neurogenesis, inflammation and neovascularization. However, little is known about the role of S1P signaling in the eye. In this study, we characterize two sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2), which phosphorylate sphingosine to S1P, and three S1P receptors (S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR3) in mouse and rat eyes. We evaluated sphingosine kinase and S1P receptor gene expression at the mRNA level in various rat tissues and rat retinas exposed to light-damage, whole mouse eyes, specific eye structures, and in developing retinas. Furthermore, we determined the localization of sphingosine kinases and S1P receptors in whole rat eyes by immunohistochemistry. Our results unveiled unique expression profiles for both sphingosine kinases and each receptor in ocular tissues. Furthermore, these kinases and S1P receptors are expressed in mammalian retinal cells and the expression of SPHK1, S1PR2 and S1PR3 increased immediately after light damage, which suggests a function in apoptosis and/or light stress responses in the eye. These findings have numerous implications for understanding the role of S1P signaling in the mechanisms of ocular diseases such as retinal inflammatory and degenerative diseases, neovascular eye diseases, glaucoma and corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Nicole Prabhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Richard Grambergs
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Joel McRae
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Blake Hopiavuori
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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27
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Biological function of SPNS2: From zebrafish to human. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Bian G, Yu C, Liu L, Fang C, Chen K, Ren P, Zhang Q, Liu F, Zhang K, Xue Q, Xiang J, Guo H, Song J, Zhao Y, Wu W, Chung SK, Sun R, Ju G, Wang J. Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates eyelid closure in the developing rat by stimulating EGFR signaling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/553/eaat1470. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In many mammals, the eyelids migrate over the eye and fuse during embryogenesis to protect the cornea from damage during birth and early life. Loss-of-function mutations affecting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway cause an eyes-open-at-birth (EOB) phenotype in rodents. We identified an insertional mutation in Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) in a strain of transgenic rats exhibiting the EOB phenotype. Spns2, a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) transporter that releases S1P from cells, was enriched at the tip of developing eyelids in wild-type rat embryos. Spns2 expression or treatment with S1P or any one of several EGFR ligands rescued the EOB Spns2 mutant phenotype in vivo and in tissue explants in vitro and rescued the formation of stress fibers in primary keratinocytes from mutants. S1P signaled through the receptors S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 to activate extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and EGFR-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1)–c-Jun signaling. S1P also induced the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor MAL in a manner dependent on EGFR signaling. MAL and c-Jun stimulated the expression of the microRNAs miR-21 and miR-222, both of which target the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP3, thus promoting metalloprotease activity. The metalloproteases ADAM10 and ADAM17 stimulated EGFR signaling by cleaving a membrane-anchored form of EGF to release the ligand. Our results outline a network by which S1P transactivates EGFR signaling through a complex mechanism involving feedback between several intra- and extracellular molecules to promote eyelid fusion in the developing rat.
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29
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Mihanfar A, Nejabati HR, Fattahi A, Latifi Z, Pezeshkian M, Afrasiabi A, Safaie N, Jodati AR, Nouri M. The role of sphingosine 1 phosphate in coronary artery disease and ischemia reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2083-2094. [PMID: 30341893 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaques, as a hallmark of CAD, cause chronic narrowing of coronary arteries over time and could also result in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The standard treatments for ameliorating AMI are reperfusion strategies, which paradoxically result in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), as a potent lysophospholipid, plays an important role in various organs, including immune and cardiovascular systems. In addition, high-density lipoprotein, as a negative predictor of atherosclerosis and CAD, is a major carrier of S1P in blood circulation. S1P mediates its effects through binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors, and its signaling contributes to a variety of responses, including cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, and I/R injury protection. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in CAD and I/R injury as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Afrasiabi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Safaie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Jodati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Abstract
While normal angiogenesis is critical for development and tissue growth, pathological angiogenesis is important for the growth and spread of cancers by supplying nutrients and oxygen as well as providing a conduit for distant metastasis. The interaction among extracellular matrix molecules, tumor cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells is critical in pathological angiogenesis, in which various angiogenic growth factors, chemokines, and lipid mediators produced from these cells as well as hypoxic microenvironment promote angiogenesis by regulating expression and/or activity of various related genes. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, bioactive lipid mediators which act via specific G protein-coupled receptors, play critical roles in angiogenesis. In addition, other lipid mediators including prostaglandin E2, lipoxin, and resolvins are produced in a stimulus-dependent manner and have pro- or anti-angiogenic effects, presumably through their specific GPCRs. Dysregulated lipid mediator signaling pathways are observed in the contxt of some tumors. This review will focus on LPA and S1P, two bioactive lipid mediators in their regulation of angiogenesis and cell migration that are critical for tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hisano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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31
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Guzzolino E, Chiavacci E, Ahuja N, Mariani L, Evangelista M, Ippolito C, Rizzo M, Garrity D, Cremisi F, Pitto L. Post-transcriptional Modulation of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 by miR-19a Affects Cardiovascular Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:58. [PMID: 29922649 PMCID: PMC5996577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid and a signaling molecule integrated into many physiological systems such as differentiation, proliferation and migration. In mammals S1P acts through binding to a family of five trans-membrane, G-protein coupled receptors (S1PRs) whose complex role has not been completely elucidated. In this study we use zebrafish, in which seven s1prs have been identified, to investigate the role of s1pr1. In mammals S1PR1 is the most highly expressed S1P receptor in the developing heart and regulates vascular development, but in zebrafish the data concerning its role are contradictory. Here we show that overexpression of zebrafish s1pr1 affects both vascular and cardiac development. Moreover we demonstrate that s1pr1 expression is strongly repressed by miR-19a during the early phases of zebrafish development. In line with this observation and with a recent study showing that miR-19a is downregulated in a zebrafish Holt-Oram model, we now demonstrate that s1pr1 is upregulated in heartstring hearts. Next we investigated whether defects induced by s1pr1 upregulation might contribute to the morphological alterations caused by Tbx5 depletion. We show that downregulation of s1pr1 is able to partially rescue cardiac and fin defects induced by Tbx5 depletion. Taken together, these data support a role for s1pr1 in zebrafish cardiovascular development, suggest the involvement of this receptor in the Tbx5 regulatory circuitry, and further support the crucial role of microRNAs in early phase of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guzzolino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Chiavacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Neha Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laura Mariani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Evangelista
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Garrity
- Department of Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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32
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Parolini C, Escalante-Alcalde D, Chiesa G. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 in vascular pathophysiology. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Induction of hemangiosarcoma in mice after chronic treatment with S1P-modulator siponimod and its lack of relevance to rat and human. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1877-1891. [PMID: 29556671 PMCID: PMC5962627 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of hemangiosarcoma (HSA) was observed in mice treated for 2 years with siponimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) functional antagonist, while no such tumors were observed in rats under the same treatment conditions. In 3-month rat (90 mg/kg/day) and 9-month mouse (25 and 75 mg/kg/day) in vivo mechanistic studies, vascular endothelial cell (VEC) activation was observed in both species, but VEC proliferation and persistent increases in circulating placental growth factor 2 (PLGF2) were only seen in the mouse. In mice, these effects were sustained over the 9-month study duration, while in rats increased mitotic gene expression was present at day 3 only and PLGF2 was induced only during the first week of treatment. In the mouse, the persistent VEC activation, mitosis induction, and PLGF2 stimulation likely led to sustained neo-angiogenesis which over life-long treatment may result in HSA formation. In rats, despite sustained VEC activation, the transient mitotic and PLGF2 stimuli did not result in the formation of HSA. In vitro, the mouse and rat primary endothelial cell cultures mirrored their respective in vivo findings for cell proliferation and PLGF2 release. Human VECs, like rat cells, were unresponsive to siponimod treatment with no proliferative response and no release of PLGF2 at all tested concentrations. Hence, it is suggested that the human cells also reproduce a lack of in vivo response to siponimod. In conclusion, the molecular mechanisms leading to siponimod-induced HSA in mice are considered species specific and likely irrelevant to humans.
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34
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Fang C, Bian G, Ren P, Xiang J, Song J, Yu C, Zhang Q, Liu L, Chen K, Liu F, Zhang K, Wu C, Sun R, Hu D, Ju G, Wang J. S1P transporter SPNS2 regulates proper postnatal retinal morphogenesis. FASEB J 2018; 32:3597-3613. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701116r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ganlan Bian
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Pan Ren
- Department of Plastic SurgeryTangdu HospitalXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jun Song
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Caiyong Yu
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of NeurologyHainan Branch of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- BIOS LaboratoryBIOS Bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruixia Sun
- BIOS LaboratoryBIOS Bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of OphthalmologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Gong Ju
- Department of NeurobiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jian Wang
- BIOS LaboratoryBIOS Bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
- Institutes for Life Sciences and School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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35
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Barbieri A, Carra S, De Blasio P, Cotelli F, Biunno I. Sel1l knockdown negatively influences zebrafish embryos endothelium. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5396-5404. [PMID: 29215726 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SEL1L (suppressor/enhancer of Lin-12-like) is a highly conserved gene associated with the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and involved in mediating the balance between stem cells self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitors. It has been recently shown that SEL1L KO mice are embryonic lethal and display altered organogenesis. To better characterize the function of SEL1L in the early stages of embryonic development, we turned to the zebrafish model (Danio rerio). After exploring sel1l expression by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, we employed a morpholino-mediated down-regulation approach. Results showed extensive impairments in the vasculature, which supports the mice knock-out findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Carra
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Biunno
- IRGB-CNR, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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36
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Du Z, Ma HL, Zhang ZY, Zheng JW, Wang YA. Transgenic Expression of A Venous Malformation Related Mutation, TIE2-R849W, Significantly Induces Multiple Malformations of Zebrafish. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:385-394. [PMID: 29511374 PMCID: PMC5835709 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A TIE2 mutation causing arginine-to-tryptophan substitution at residue 849 (TIE2-R849W) is commonly identified in heredofamilial venous malformation. However, there is no in vivo model to confirm the pathogenic role of TIE2-R849W. Humanized TIE2-R849W plasmid was constructed via PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. After transcription and micro-injection, TIE2-R849W significantly induces multiple malformations in zebrafish: caudal vein plexus (CVP) defect, eye abnormalities, forebrain formation perturbations, and mandibular malformation. Histologically, these phenotypes accompany aphakia, confused retina plexiform layer, abnormal mandibular cartilage, ectopic myelencephalon proliferation and aberrant location of neurogliocytes. According to qRT-PCR, except for high expression of egfl7, the other CVP-related genes cd146, nr2f1a, and s1pr1 are not significantly different from control. TIE2-R849W also induced upregulation of the wnt signaling pathway. Gene array in vitro shows that under the effect of TIE2-R849W, consistent with high expression of pik3 and foxo1, high levels of egfl7, wnt9a, lrp5 and dkk1 were partly confirmed. This in vivo model directly identifies the venous-related pathogenic role of TIE2-R849W. Under up-regulation of TIE2-R849W, egfl7 could be considered a potential reason for venous defects. Moreover, the wnt pathway may perform an important role as a key trigger for head multi-malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Hai-Long Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Jia-Wei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yan-An Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
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37
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Mendelson K, Pandey S, Hisano Y, Carellini F, Das BC, Hla T, Evans T. The ceramide synthase 2b gene mediates genomic sensing and regulation of sphingosine levels during zebrafish embryogenesis. eLife 2017; 6:21992. [PMID: 28956531 PMCID: PMC5650468 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is generated through phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (Sphk1 and Sphk2). We show that sphk2 maternal-zygotic mutant zebrafish embryos (sphk2MZ) display early developmental phenotypes, including a delay in epiboly, depleted S1P levels, elevated levels of sphingosine, and resistance to sphingosine toxicity. The sphk2MZ embryos also have strikingly increased levels of maternal transcripts encoding ceramide synthase 2b (Cers2b), and loss of Cers2b in sphk2MZ embryos phenocopies sphingosine toxicity. An upstream region of the cers2b promoter supports enhanced expression of a reporter gene in sphk2MZ embryos compared to wildtype embryos. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Cers2b protein itself reduces activity of the promoter, and this repression is relieved by exogenous sphingosine. Therefore, the sphk2MZ genome recognizes the lack of sphingosine kinase activity and up-regulates cers2b as a salvage pathway for sphingosine turnover. Cers2b can also function as a sphingolipid-responsive factor to mediate at least part of a feedback regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mendelson
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States.,Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Suveg Pandey
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Yu Hisano
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Frank Carellini
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
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38
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Bodrikov V, Welte C, Wiechers M, Weschenfelder M, Kaur G, Shypitsyna A, Pinzon-Olejua A, Bastmeyer M, Stuermer CAO. Substrate properties of zebrafish Rtn4b/Nogo and axon regeneration in the zebrafish optic nerve. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2991-3009. [PMID: 28560734 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study explored why lesioned retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons regenerate successfully in the zebrafish optic nerve despite the presence of Rtn4b, the homologue of the rat neurite growth inhibitor RTN4-A/Nogo-A. Rat Nogo-A and zebrafish Rtn4b possess characteristic motifs (M1-4) in the Nogo-A-specific region, which contains delta20, the most inhibitory region of rat Nogo-A. To determine whether zebrafish M1-4 is inhibitory as rat M1-4 and Nogo-A delta20, proteins were recombinantly expressed and used as substrates for zebrafish single cell RGCs, mouse hippocampal neurons and goldfish, zebrafish and chick retinal explants. When offered as homogenous substrates, neurites of hippocampal neurons and of zebrafish single cell RGCs were inhibited by zebrafish M1-4, rat M1-4, and Nogo-A delta20. Neurite length increased when zebrafish single cell RGCs were treated with receptor-type-specific antagonists and, respectively, with morpholinos (MO) against S1PR2 and S1PR5a-which represent candidate zebrafish Nogo-A receptors. In a stripe assay, however, where M1-4 lanes alternate with polylysine-(Plys)-only lanes, RGC axons from goldfish, zebrafish, and chick retinal explants avoided rat M1-4 but freely crossed zebrafish M1-4 lanes-suggesting that zebrafish M1-4 is growth permissive and less inhibitory than rat M1-4. Moreover, immunostainings and dot blots of optic nerve and myelin showed that expression of Rtn4b is very low in tissue and myelin at 3-5 days after lesion when axons regenerate. Thus, Rtn4b seems to represent no major obstacle for axon regeneration in vivo because it is less inhibitory for RGC axons from retina explants, and because of its low abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Weschenfelder
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Neurobiology Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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39
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Nakajima M, Nagahashi M, Rashid OM, Takabe K, Wakai T. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the tumor microenvironment and its clinical implications. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699133. [PMID: 28381169 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the interaction between cancer and non-cancer cells, such as blood vessels, immune cells, and other stromal cells, in the tumor microenvironment is imperative in understanding the mechanisms underlying cancer progression and metastasis, which is expected to lead to the development of new therapeutics. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid mediator that promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, and immune responsiveness, which are all factors involved in cancer progression. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is generated inside cancer cells by sphingosine kinases and then exported into the tumor microenvironment. Although sphingosine-1-phosphate is anticipated to play an important role in the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression, determining sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in the tumor microenvironment has been difficult due to a lack of established methods. We have recently developed a method to measure sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in the interstitial fluid that bathes cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, and reported that high levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate exist in the tumor interstitial fluid. Importantly, sphingosine-1-phosphate can be secreted from cancer cells and non-cancer components such as immune cells and vascular/lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, sphingosine-1-phosphate affects both cancer and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment promoting cancer progression. Here, we review the roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the interaction between cancer and non-cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, and discuss future possibilities for targeted therapies against sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakajima
- 1 Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- 1 Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Omar M Rashid
- 2 Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Hospital, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,3 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,4 Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- 5 Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,6 Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- 1 Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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40
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Tucci A, Ciaccio C, Scuvera G, Esposito S, Milani D. MIR137 is the key gene mediator of the syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21.3 microdeletions. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 27822311 PMCID: PMC5093957 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 1 have been described in patients with a phenotype consisting primarily of obesity, intellectual disability and autism-spectrum disorder. The minimal region of overlap comprises two genes: DPYD and MIR137. Case presentation We describe a 10-year-old boy with syndromic obesity who carries a novel 1p21.3 deletion overlapping the critical region with the MIR137 gene only. Conclusions This study suggests that MIR137 is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Tucci
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciaccio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy
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41
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Ingham NJ, Carlisle F, Pearson S, Lewis MA, Buniello A, Chen J, Isaacson RL, Pass J, White JK, Dawson SJ, Steel KP. S1PR2 variants associated with auditory function in humans and endocochlear potential decline in mouse. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28964. [PMID: 27383011 PMCID: PMC4935955 DOI: 10.1038/srep28964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive hearing loss is very common in the population but we still know little about the underlying pathology. A new spontaneous mouse mutation (stonedeaf, stdf ) leading to recessive, early-onset progressive hearing loss was detected and exome sequencing revealed a Thr289Arg substitution in Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 (S1pr2). Mutants aged 2 weeks had normal hearing sensitivity, but at 4 weeks most showed variable degrees of hearing impairment, which became severe or profound in all mutants by 14 weeks. Endocochlear potential (EP) was normal at 2 weeks old but was reduced by 4 and 8 weeks old in mutants, and the stria vascularis, which generates the EP, showed degenerative changes. Three independent mouse knockout alleles of S1pr2 have been described previously, but this is the first time that a reduced EP has been reported. Genomic markers close to the human S1PR2 gene were significantly associated with auditory thresholds in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (n = 6099), suggesting involvement of S1P signalling in human hearing loss. The finding of early onset loss of EP gives new mechanistic insight into the disease process and suggests that therapies for humans with hearing loss due to S1P signalling defects need to target strial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Ingham
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Francesca Carlisle
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Selina Pearson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Morag A Lewis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rivka L Isaacson
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Johanna Pass
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jacqueline K White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Santos-Cortez RLP, Faridi R, Rehman AU, Lee K, Ansar M, Wang X, Morell RJ, Isaacson R, Belyantseva IA, Dai H, Acharya A, Qaiser TA, Muhammad D, Ali RA, Shams S, Hassan MJ, Shahzad S, Raza SI, Bashir ZEH, Smith JD, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Riazuddin S, Ahmad W, Friedman TB, Leal SM. Autosomal-Recessive Hearing Impairment Due to Rare Missense Variants within S1PR2. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:331-8. [PMID: 26805784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are a well-studied class of transmembrane G protein-coupled sphingolipid receptors that mediate multiple cellular processes. However, S1PRs have not been previously reported to be involved in the genetic etiology of human traits. S1PR2 lies within the autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI) locus DFNB68 on 19p13.2. From exome sequence data we identified two pathogenic S1PR2 variants, c.323G>C (p.Arg108Pro) and c.419A>G (p.Tyr140Cys). Each of these variants co-segregates with congenital profound hearing impairment in consanguineous Pakistani families with maximum LOD scores of 6.4 for family DEM4154 and 3.3 for family PKDF1400. Neither S1PR2 missense variant was reported among ∼120,000 chromosomes in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, in 76 unrelated Pakistani exomes, or in 720 Pakistani control chromosomes. Both DNA variants affect highly conserved residues of S1PR2 and are predicted to be damaging by multiple bioinformatics tools. Molecular modeling predicts that these variants affect binding of sphingosine-1-phosphate (p.Arg108Pro) and G protein docking (p.Tyr140Cys). In the previously reported S1pr2(-/-) mice, stria vascularis abnormalities, organ of Corti degeneration, and profound hearing loss were observed. Additionally, hair cell defects were seen in both knockout mice and morphant zebrafish. Family PKDF1400 presents with ARNSHI, which is consistent with the lack of gross malformations in S1pr2(-/-) mice, whereas family DEM4154 has lower limb malformations in addition to hearing loss. Our findings suggest the possibility of developing therapies against hair cell damage (e.g., from ototoxic drugs) through targeted stimulation of S1PR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rabia Faridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Atteeq U Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rivka Isaacson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Inna A Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hang Dai
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tanveer A Qaiser
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Dost Muhammad
- Chandka Medical College, Larkana, Sindh 77150, Pakistan
| | | | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zil-E-Huma Bashir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- University of Lahore, Lahore 54550, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Hospital Complex, Lahore 54550, Pakistan; Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Goi M, Childs SJ. Patterning mechanisms of the sub-intestinal venous plexus in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2015; 409:114-128. [PMID: 26477558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable interest in angiogenesis, organ-specific angiogenesis remains less well characterized. The vessels that absorb nutrients from the yolk and later provide blood supply to the developing digestive system are primarily venous in origin. In zebrafish, these are the vessels of the Sub-intestinal venous plexus (SIVP) and they represent a new candidate model to gain an insight into the mechanisms of venous angiogenesis. Unlike other vessel beds in zebrafish, the SIVP is not stereotypically patterned and lacks obvious sources of patterning information. However, by examining the area of vessel coverage, number of compartments, proliferation and migration speed we have identified common developmental steps in SIVP formation. We applied our analysis of SIVP development to obd mutants that have a mutation in the guidance receptor PlexinD1. obd mutants show dysregulation of nearly all parameters of SIVP formation. We show that the SIVP responds to a unique combination of pathways that control both arterial and venous growth in other systems. Blocking Shh, Notch and Pdgf signaling has no effect on SIVP growth. However Vegf promotes sprouting of the predominantly venous plexus and Bmp promotes outgrowth of the structure. We propose that the SIVP is a unique model to understand novel mechanisms utilized in organ-specific angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Goi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Sarah J Childs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
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44
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Mendelson K, Lan Y, Hla T, Evans T. Maternal or zygotic sphingosine kinase is required to regulate zebrafish cardiogenesis. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:948-54. [PMID: 25997406 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway regulates zebrafish cardiogenesis, and provides a paradigm for how signaling gradients coordinate collective cell migration across tissue layers. It is known that the S1P transporter (Spns2) functions in extra-embryonic YSL to activate G protein-coupled receptor (S1pr2) signaling in endoderm for deposition of positional cues (integrin, fibronectin, etc.). Such cues are recognized by overlying lateral precardiac mesoderm that migrates to the midline and fuses to form the primordial heart tube. However, the source of bio-active S1P is not known. There are multiple receptors and it is not known if there are earlier or even receptor-independent functions for S1P. RESULTS Because S1P can only be generated by sphingosine kinases, we targeted a mutation to the single kinase gene expressed during early embryogenesis (sphk2). Zygotic mutants survive to adulthood and appear normal, but maternal-zygotic mutant embryos phenocopy null zygotic mutants of spns2 or s1pr2. CONCLUSIONS The data show that maternally derived sphk2 RNA is fully sufficient to generate an S1P signaling gradient in the YSL that ultimately controls precardiac mesoderm migration during embryogenesis. Furthermore, despite maternal expression of sphk2, there are no obvious developmental functions requiring its activity prior to stimulation of S1pr2 in endoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mendelson
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065.,Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Yahui Lan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, 10065
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Hisano Y, Inoue A, Taimatsu K, Ota S, Ohga R, Kotani H, Muraki M, Aoki J, Kawahara A. Comprehensive analysis of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor mutants during zebrafish embryogenesis. Genes Cells 2015; 20:647-58. [PMID: 26094551 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates various physiological and pathological phenomena such as angiogenesis and oncogenesis. Secreted S1P associates with the G-protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs), leading to the activation of downstream signaling molecules. In mammals, five S1prs have been identified and the genetic disruption of a single S1pr1 gene causes vascular defects. In zebrafish, seven s1prs have been isolated. We found that individual s1prs showed unique expression patterns with some overlapping expression domains during early embryogenesis. We generated all s1pr single-mutant zebrafish by introducing premature stop codons in their coding regions using transcription activator-like effector nucleases and analyzed their phenotypes during early embryogenesis. Zygotic s1pr1, s1pr3a, s1pr3b, s1pr4, s1pr5a and s1pr5b mutants showed no developmental defects and grew into adults, whereas zygotic s1pr2 mutant showed embryonic lethality with a cardiac defect, showing quite distinct embryonic phenotypes for individual S1pr mutants between zebrafish and mouse. We further generated maternal-zygotic s1pr1, s1pr3a, s1pr3b, s1pr4, s1pr5a and s1pr5b mutants and found that these maternal-zygotic mutants also showed no obvious developmental defects, presumably suggesting the redundant functions of the S1P receptor-mediated signaling in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hisano
- Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0074, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-8613, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Taimatsu
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ota
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0074, Japan.,Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Rie Ohga
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kotani
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Michiko Muraki
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0074, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-8613, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0074, Japan.,Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Hisano Y, Inoue A, Okudaira M, Taimatsu K, Matsumoto H, Kotani H, Ohga R, Aoki J, Kawahara A. Maternal and Zygotic Sphingosine Kinase 2 Are Indispensable for Cardiac Development in Zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14841-51. [PMID: 25907554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesized from sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2) in invertebrates and vertebrates, whereas specific receptors for S1P (S1PRs) selectively appear in vertebrates, suggesting that S1P acquires novel functions in vertebrates. Because the developmental functions of SPHK1 and SPHK2 remain obscure in vertebrates, we generated sphk1 or sphk2 gene-disrupted zebrafish by introducing premature stop codons in their coding regions using transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Both zygotic sphk1 and sphk2 zebrafish mutants exhibited no obvious developmental defects and grew to adults. The maternal-zygotic sphk2 mutant (MZsphk2), but not the maternal-zygotic sphk1 mutant and maternal sphk2 mutant, had a defect in the cardiac progenitor migration and a concomitant decrease in S1P level, leading to a two-heart phenotype (cardia bifida). Cardia bifida in MZsphk2, which was rescued by injecting sphk2 mRNA, was a phenotype identical to that of zygotic mutants of the S1P transporter spns2 and S1P receptor s1pr2, indicating that the Sphk2-Spns2-S1pr2 axis regulates the cardiac progenitor migration in zebrafish. The contribution of maternally supplied lipid mediators during vertebrate organogenesis presents as a requirement for maternal-zygotic Sphk2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hisano
- From the Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198,
| | - Asuka Inoue
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, PRESTO and
| | - Michiyo Okudaira
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
| | - Kiyohito Taimatsu
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
| | - Hirohito Kotani
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Rie Ohga
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency and
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Proia RL, Hla T. Emerging biology of sphingosine-1-phosphate: its role in pathogenesis and therapy. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1379-87. [PMID: 25831442 DOI: 10.1172/jci76369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane sphingolipids are metabolized to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many processes in vertebrate development, physiology, and pathology. Once exported out of cells by cell-specific transporters, chaperone-bound S1P is spatially compartmentalized in the circulatory system. Extracellular S1P interacts with five GPCRs that are widely expressed and transduce intracellular signals to regulate cellular behavior, such as migration, adhesion, survival, and proliferation. While many organ systems are affected, S1P signaling is essential for vascular development, neurogenesis, and lymphocyte trafficking. Recently, a pharmacological S1P receptor antagonist has won approval to control autoimmune neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. The availability of pharmacological tools as well as mouse genetic models has revealed several physiological actions of S1P and begun to shed light on its pathological roles. The unique mode of signaling of this lysophospholipid mediator is providing novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention, with possibilities to target not only GPCRs but also transporters, metabolic enzymes, and chaperones.
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48
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Camm J, Hla T, Bakshi R, Brinkmann V. Cardiac and vascular effects of fingolimod: mechanistic basis and clinical implications. Am Heart J 2014; 168:632-44. [PMID: 25440790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, was the first oral disease-modifying therapy approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis; it reduces autoreactive lymphocytes' egress from lymphoid tissues by down-regulating S1PRs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling is implicated in a range of physiologic functions, and S1PRs are expressed differentially in various tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Modulation of S1PRs on cardiac cells provides an explanation for the transient effects of fingolimod on heart rate and atrioventricular conduction at initiation of fingolimod therapy, and for the mild but more persistent effects on blood pressure observed in some patients on long-term treatment. This review describes the nontherapeutic actions of fingolimod in the context of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in the cardiovascular system, as well as providing a summary of the associated clinical implications useful to physicians considering initiation of fingolimod therapy in patients. A transient reduction in heart rate (mean decrease of 8 beats per minute) and, less commonly, a temporary delay in atrioventricular conduction observed in some patients when initiating fingolimod therapy are both due to activation of S1PR subtype 1 on cardiac myocytes. These effects are a reflection of fingolimod first acting as a full S1PR agonist and thereafter functioning as an S1PR antagonist after down-regulation of S1PR subtype 1 at the cell surface. For most individuals, first-dose effects of fingolimod are asymptomatic, but all patients need to be monitored for at least 6 hours after the first dose, in accordance with the label recommendations.
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Chen J, Ingham N, Kelly J, Jadeja S, Goulding D, Pass J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Nijnik A, Jackson IJ, White JK, Forge A, Jagger D, Steel KP. Spinster homolog 2 (spns2) deficiency causes early onset progressive hearing loss. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004688. [PMID: 25356849 PMCID: PMC4214598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals. Here, we report that Spns2-deficient mice rapidly lost auditory sensitivity and endocochlear potential (EP) from 2 to 3 weeks old. We found progressive degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, but the earliest defect was a decline in the EP, suggesting that dysfunction of the lateral wall was the primary lesion. In the lateral wall of adult mutants, we observed structural changes of marginal cell boundaries and of strial capillaries, and reduced expression of several key proteins involved in the generation of the EP (Kcnj10, Kcnq1, Gjb2 and Gjb6), but these changes were likely to be secondary. Permeability of the boundaries of the stria vascularis and of the strial capillaries appeared normal. We also found focal retinal degeneration and anomalies of retinal capillaries together with anterior eye defects in Spns2 mutant mice. Targeted inactivation of Spns2 in red blood cells, platelets, or lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells did not affect hearing, but targeted ablation of Spns2 in the cochlea using a Sox10-Cre allele produced a similar auditory phenotype to the original mutation, suggesting that local Spns2 expression is critical for hearing in mammals. These findings indicate that Spns2 is required for normal maintenance of the EP and hence for normal auditory function, and support a role for S1P signalling in hearing. Progressive hearing loss is common in the human population but we know very little about the molecular mechanisms involved. Mutant mice are useful for investigating these mechanisms and have revealed a wide range of different abnormalities that can all lead to the same outcome: deafness. We report here our findings of a new mouse line with a mutation in the Spns2 gene, affecting the release of a lipid called sphingosine-1-phosphate, which has an important role in several processes in the body. For the first time, we report that this molecular pathway is required for normal hearing through a role in generating a voltage difference that acts like a battery, allowing the sensory hair cells of the cochlea to detect sounds at extremely low levels. Without the normal function of the Spns2 gene and release of sphingosine-1-phosphate locally in the inner ear, the voltage in the cochlea declines, leading to rapid loss of sensitivity to sound and ultimately to complete deafness. The human version of this gene, SPNS2, may be involved in human deafness, and understanding the underlying mechanism presents an opportunity to develop potential treatments for this form of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ingham
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Kelly
- Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shalini Jadeja
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Pass
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinit B. Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian J. Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Forge
- Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Jagger
- Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P. Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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50
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Kihara Y, Maceyka M, Spiegel S, Chun J. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature review: IUPHAR Review 8. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3575-94. [PMID: 24602016 PMCID: PMC4128058 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids encompass a diverse range of small, membrane-derived phospholipids that act as extracellular signals. The signalling properties are mediated by 7-transmembrane GPCRs, constituent members of which have continued to be identified after their initial discovery in the mid-1990s. Here we briefly review this class of receptors, with a particular emphasis on their protein and gene nomenclatures that reflect their cognate ligands. There are six lysophospholipid receptors that interact with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): protein names LPA1 - LPA6 and italicized gene names LPAR1-LPAR6 (human) and Lpar1-Lpar6 (non-human). There are five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors: protein names S1P1 -S1P5 and italicized gene names S1PR1-S1PR5 (human) and S1pr1-S1pr5 (non-human). Recent additions to the lysophospholipid receptor family have resulted in the proposed names for a lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) receptor - protein name LPI1 and gene name LPIR1 (human) and Lpir1 (non-human) - and three lysophosphatidyl serine receptors - protein names LyPS1 , LyPS2 , LyPS3 and gene names LYPSR1-LYPSR3 (human) and Lypsr1-Lypsr3 (non-human) along with a variant form that does not appear to exist in humans that is provisionally named LyPS2L . This nomenclature incorporates previous recommendations from the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, the Human Genome Organization, the Gene Nomenclature Committee, and the Mouse Genome Informatix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
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