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Hann CT, Ramage SF, Negi H, Bequette CJ, Vasquez PA, Stratmann JW. Dephosphorylation of the MAP kinases MPK6 and MPK3 fine-tunes responses to wounding and herbivory in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111962. [PMID: 38103696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis MAP Kinases (MAPKs) MPK6 and MPK3 and orthologs in other plants function as major stress signaling hubs. MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation and are negatively regulated by MAPK-inactivating phosphatases (MIPPs), which alter the intensity and duration of MAPK signaling via dephosphorylation. Unlike in other plant species, jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation in Arabidopsis is apparently not MPK6- and MPK3-dependent, so their role in JA-mediated defenses against herbivorous insects is unclear. Here we explore whether changes in MPK6/3 phosphorylation kinetics in Arabidopsis MIPP mutants lead to changes in hormone synthesis and resistance against herbivores. The MIPPs MKP1, DsPTP1, PP2C5, and AP2C1 have been implicated in responses to infection, drought, and osmotic stress, which all impinge on JA-mediated defenses. In loss-of-function mutants, we found that the four MIPPs alter wound-induced MPK6/3 phosphorylation kinetics and affect the accumulation of the defense hormones JA, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, as compared to wild type plants (Col-0). Moreover, MPK6/3 misregulation in MIPP or MAPK mutant plants resulted in slight changes in the resistance to Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua larvae as compared to Col-0. Our data indicate that MPK6/3 and the four MIPPs moderately contribute to wound signaling and defense against herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Hann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Sophia F Ramage
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Harshita Negi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Carlton J Bequette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Paula A Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Johannes W Stratmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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2
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Ghorbel M, Haddaji N, Feki K, Tounsi S, Chihaoui M, Alghamdi A, Mseddi K, Brini F. Identification of a putative kinase interacting domain in the durum wheat catalase 1 (TdCAT1) protein. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18916. [PMID: 37609422 PMCID: PMC10440534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalases are crucial antioxidant enzymes that regulate plants responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been previously shown that the activities of durum wheat catalase proteins (TdCAT1) were stimulated in the presence of divalent cations Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+. In addition, TdCAT1s can interact with calmodulins in calcium-independent manner, and this interaction stimulates its catalytic activity in a calcium-dependent manner. Moreover, this activity is further enhanced by Mn2+ cations. The current study showed that wheat catalase presents different phosphorylation targets. Besides, we demonstrated that catalase is able to interact with Mitogen Activated Proteins kinases via a conserved domain. This interaction activates wheat catalase independently of its phosphorylation status but is more promoted by Mn2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+ divalent cations. Interestingly, we have demonstrated that durum wheat catalase activity is differentially regulated by Mitogen Activated Proteins kinases and Calmodulins in the presence of calcium. Moreover, the V0 of the reaction increase gradually following the increasing quantities of Mn2+ divalent cations. Such results have never been described before and suggest i) complex regulatory mechanisms exerted on wheat catalase, ii) divalent cations (Mn2+; Mg2+; Ca2+ and Fe2+) act as key cofactors in these regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Haddaji
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaouthar Feki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sana Tounsi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mejda Chihaoui
- Computer Science Departement, Applied College- University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mseddi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
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3
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Kim D, Chen D, Ahsan N, Jorge GL, Thelen JJ, Stacey G. The Raf-like MAPKKK INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1572-1592. [PMID: 36762404 PMCID: PMC10118279 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades play important roles in eukaryotic defense against various pathogens. Activation of the extracellular ATP (eATP) receptor P2K1 triggers MAP kinase 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) phosphorylation, which leads to an elevated plant defense response. However, the mechanism by which P2K1 activates the MAPK cascade is unclear. In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, P2K1 phosphorylates the Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 (ILK5) on serine 192 in the presence of eATP. The interaction between P2K1 and ILK5 was confirmed both in vitro and in planta and their interaction was enhanced by ATP treatment. Similar to P2K1 expression, ILK5 expression levels were highly induced by treatment with ATP, flg22, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and various abiotic stresses. ILK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MAP kinase MKK5. Moreover, phosphorylation of MPK3/6 was significantly reduced upon ATP treatment in ilk5 mutant plants, relative to wild-type (WT). The ilk5 mutant plants showed higher susceptibility to P. syringae pathogen infection relative to WT plants. Plants expressing only the mutant ILK5S192A protein, with decreased kinase activity, did not activate the MAPK cascade upon ATP addition. These results suggest that eATP activation of P2K1 results in transphosphorylation of the Raf-like MAPKKK ILK5, which subsequently triggers the MAPK cascade, culminating in activation of MPK3/6 associated with an elevated innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gabriel Lemes Jorge
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Saini LK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Protein phosphatases and their targets: Comprehending the interactions in plant signaling pathways. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:307-370. [PMID: 36858740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a vital reversible post-translational modification. This process is established by two classes of enzymes: protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins while protein phosphatases dephosphorylate phosphorylated proteins, thus, functioning as 'critical regulators' in signaling pathways. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases are classified as phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) specific phosphatases (STPs) that dephosphorylate Ser and Thr residues. The PTP family dephosphorylates Tyr residues while dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. The composition of these enzymes as well as their substrate specificity are important determinants of their functional significance in a number of cellular processes and stress responses. Their role in animal systems is well-understood and characterized. The functional characterization of protein phosphatases has been extensively covered in plants, although the comprehension of their mechanistic basis is an ongoing pursuit. The nature of their interactions with other key players in the signaling process is vital to our understanding. The substrates or targets determine their potential as well as magnitude of the impact they have on signaling pathways. In this article, we exclusively overview the various substrates of protein phosphatases in plant signaling pathways, which are a critical determinant of the outcome of various developmental and stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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Ayatollahi Z, Kazanaviciute V, Shubchynskyy V, Kvederaviciute K, Schwanninger M, Rozhon W, Stumpe M, Mauch F, Bartels S, Ulm R, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B, Meskiene I, Schweighofer A. Dual control of MAPK activities by AP2C1 and MKP1 MAPK phosphatases regulates defence responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2369-2384. [PMID: 35088853 PMCID: PMC9015810 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades transmit environmental signals and induce stress and defence responses in plants. These signalling cascades are negatively controlled by specific Ser/Thr protein phosphatases of the type 2C (PP2C) and dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) families that inactivate stress-induced MAPKs; however, the interplay between phosphatases of these different types has remained unknown. This work reveals that different Arabidopsis MAPK phosphatases, the PP2C-type AP2C1 and the DSP-type MKP1, exhibit both specific and overlapping functions in plant stress responses. Each single mutant, ap2c1 and mkp1, and the ap2c1 mkp1 double mutant displayed enhanced stress-induced activation of the MAPKs MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6, as well as induction of a set of transcription factors. Moreover, ap2c1 mkp1 double mutants showed an autoimmune-like response, associated with increased levels of the stress hormones salicylic acid and ethylene, and of the phytoalexin camalexin. This phenotype was reduced in the ap2c1 mkp1 mpk3 and ap2c1 mkp1 mpk6 triple mutants, suggesting that the autoimmune-like response is due to MAPK misregulation. We conclude that the evolutionarily distant MAPK phosphatases AP2C1 and MKP1 contribute crucially to the tight control of MAPK activities, ensuring appropriately balanced stress signalling and suppression of autoimmune-like responses during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ayatollahi
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaiva Kazanaviciute
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volodymyr Shubchynskyy
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kotryna Kvederaviciute
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Manfred Schwanninger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Rozhon
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, D-06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felix Mauch
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bartels
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Ruski 139 Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Schweighofer
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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6
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He ZD, Tao ML, Leung DWM, Yan XY, Chen L, Peng XX, Liu EE. The rice germin-like protein OsGLP1 participates in acclimation to UV-B radiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1254-1268. [PMID: 33713137 PMCID: PMC8195522 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) stress can have serious effects on the growth and development of plants. Germin-like proteins (GLPs) may be involved in different abiotic and biotic stress responses in different plants, but little is known about the role of GLPs in UV-B stress response and acclimation in plants. In the present study, knockout of GLP 8-14 (OsGLP1) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in mutant rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants (herein called glp1) that exhibited UV-B-dependent formation of lesion mimic in leaves. Moreover, glp1 grown under solar radiation (including UV-B) showed decreased plant height and increased leaf angle, but we observed no significant differences in phenotypes between wild-type (WT) plants and glp1 grown under artificial light lacking UV-B. Fv/Fm, Y (II) and the expression of many genes, based on RNA-seq analysis, related to photosynthesis were also only reduced in glp1, but not in WT, after transfer from a growth cabinet illuminated with artificial white light lacking UV-B to growth under natural sunlight. The genes-associated with flavonoid metabolism as well as UV resistance locus 8 (OsUVR8), phytochrome interacting factor-like 15-like (OsPIF3), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PDX1.2 (OsPDX1.2), deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase (OsPHR), and deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase family protein-like (OsPHRL) exhibited lower expression levels, while higher expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 5-like (OsMPK3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like (OsMPK13), and transcription factor MYB4-like (OsMYB4) were observed in glp1 than in WT after transfer from a growth cabinet illuminated with artificial white light to growth under natural sunlight. Therefore, mutations in OsGLP1 resulted in rice plants more sensitive to UV-B and reduced expression of some genes for UV-B protection, suggesting that OsGLP1 is involved in acclimation to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan He
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mi-Lin Tao
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - David W. M Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Xiao-Yu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - E.-E Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Author for communication:
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7
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Verma D, Bhagat PK, Sinha AK. A dual-specificity phosphatase, MAP kinase phosphatase 1, positively regulates blue light-mediated seedling development in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2021; 253:131. [PMID: 34057637 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual-specificity phosphatase MKP1 negatively regulates the activity of MPK6 by dephosphorylating it and acts as a positive regulator of blue light (BL)-mediated photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is one of the major post-translational modifications in nearly all signaling pathways in plants. MAP kinase phosphatases are very crucial in the regulation of MAPKs as they dephosphorylate both threonine (Thr) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues within the T-X-Y motif of active MAPKs. Therefore, to gain insight of involvement of MAP kinase phosphatases in the regulation of light signaling, we searched for the potential phosphatase which may regulate the function of MPK6, a negative regulator of blue light (BL)-mediated photomorphogenic development. We report here the identification of a dual-specificity phosphatase, MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) as a positive regulator of BL-mediated seedling development. Overexpression of MKP1 enhances the BL-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and displays more opened cotyledons. We also show that MKP1OE accumulates more pigments and positively affects the expression of downstream light-related genes in response to BL. In vitro and in vivo evidences also demonstrate that MKP1 not only interacts with but also dephosphorylates MPK6 in BL. In addition, MKP1 regulates stability as well as activity of MPK6 upon BL. Taken together our study highlights the important role of phosphatases in the regulation of a signaling pathway and identifies the role of MKP1 in the negative regulation of MPK6 activity leading to a change in BL-induced photomorphogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Bhagat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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8
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Marti L, Savatin DV, Gigli-Bisceglia N, de Turris V, Cervone F, De Lorenzo G. The intracellular ROS accumulation in elicitor-induced immunity requires the multiple organelle-targeted Arabidopsis NPK1-related protein kinases. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:931-947. [PMID: 33314180 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recognition at the plasma membrane of danger signals (elicitors) belonging to the classes of the microbe/pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns is a key event in pathogen sensing by plants and is associated with a rapid activation of immune responses. Different cellular compartments, including plasma membrane, chloroplasts, nuclei and mitochondria, are involved in the immune cellular program. However, how pathogen sensing is transmitted throughout the cell remains largely to be uncovered. Arabidopsis NPK1-related Proteins (ANPs) are mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases previously shown to have a role in immunity. In this article, we studied the in vivo intracellular dynamics of ANP1- and ANP3-GFP fusions and found that under basal physiological conditions both proteins are present in the cytosol, while ANP3 is also localized in mitochondria. After elicitor perception, both proteins are present also in the plastids and nuclei, revealing a localization pattern that is so far unique. The N-terminal region of the protein kinases is responsible for their localization in mitochondria and plastids. Moreover, we found that the localization of ANPs coincides with the sites of elicitor-induced ROS accumulation and that plants lacking ANP function do not accumulate intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Marti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Felice Cervone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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9
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Ali A, Chu N, Ma P, Javed T, Zaheer U, Huang MT, Fu HY, Gao SJ. Genome-wide analysis of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene family expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in sugarcane. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:86-107. [PMID: 32909626 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To systematically analyze mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene families and their expression profiles in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids; Sh) under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 15 ShMAPKs, 6 ShMAPKKs and 16 ShMAPKKKs genes in the sugarcane cultivar R570 genome. These were also confirmed in one S. spontaneum genome and two transcriptome datasets of sugarcane trigged by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) and Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that four subgroups were present in each ShMAPK and ShMAPKK family and three sub-families (RAF, MEKK and ZIK) presented in the ShMAPKKK family. Conserved protein motif and gene structure analyses supported the evolutionary relationships of the three families inferred from the phylogenetic analysis. All of the ShMAPK, ShMAPKK and ShMAPKKK genes identified in Saccharum spp. R570 were distributed on chromosomes 1-7 and 9-10. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that ShMAPK07 and ShMAPKKK02 were defense-responsive genes in sugarcane challenged by both Aaa and Xa stimuli, while some genes were upregulated specifically by Aaa and Xa infection. Additionally, ShMAPK05 acted as a negative regulator under drought and salinity stress, but served as a positive regulator under salicylic acid (SA) treatment. ShMAPK07 plays a positive role under drought stress, but a negative role under SA treatment. ShMAPKKK01 was negatively modulated by both salinity stress and SA treatment, whereas ShMAPKKK06 was positively regulated by both of the two stress stimuli. Our results suggest that members of MAPK cascade gene families regulate adverse stress responses through multiple signal transduction pathways in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Na Chu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Uroosa Zaheer
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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10
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Ghorbel M, Zaidi I, Ebel C, Hanin M. Differential regulation of the durum wheat MAPK phosphatase 1 by calmodulin, bivalent cations and possibly mitogen activated protein kinase 3. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:242-252. [PMID: 30584966 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are relevant negative regulators of MAPKs in eukaryotes as they mediate the feedback control of MAPK cascades in multiple cellular processes. Despite their relevance, our knowledge on the role of cereal MKPs in stress tolerance is scarce and TMKP1 remains today the only studied MKP in wheat. TMKP1 was previously reported to be involved in plant salt stress tolerance. Moreover, TMKP1 was shown to interact with calmodulin (CaM), 14-3-3 and TMPK3/TMPK6 proteins, which regulate its catalytic activity. To further understand the functional properties of TMKP1, we investigate here the contribution of its phosphorylation status, and of TMPK3 together with CaM and bivalent cations on the catalytic activity. In-gel kinase assays revealed that TMKP1 can be phosphorylated by similar wheat and Arabidopsis MAPKs, including most likely MPK3 and MPK6. In addition, we provide evidence for the capacity of wheat TMPK3 to bind to TMKP1 via a conserved Kinase Interacting Domain (KID) located on its C-terminal part. This interaction leads to a stimulation of TMKP1 activity in the presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions, but to its inhibition in the presence of Ca2+ ions. However, the phosphorylation status of TMKP1 seems to be dispensable for TMKP1 activation by TMPK3. Remarkably, in assays combining TMPK3 with CaM/Ca2+ complex, we registered rather an inhibition of TMKP1 activity which however can be suppressed by Mn2+ cations. Our data are in favor of complex differential regulation of TMKP1 by its MPK substrates, metallic cations that might help in fine-tuning the plant cellular responses to various stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Physiologie des Plantes, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Physiologie des Plantes, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Hanin
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Physiologie des Plantes, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Llabata P, Richter J, Faus I, Słomiňska-Durdasiak K, Zeh LH, Gadea J, Hauser MT. Involvement of the eIF2α Kinase GCN2 in UV-B Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1492. [PMID: 31850012 PMCID: PMC6892979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
GCN2 (general control nonrepressed 2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates translation in response to stressors such as amino acid and purin deprivation, cold shock, wounding, cadmium, and UV-C exposure. Activated GCN2 phosphorylates the α-subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) leading to a drastic inhibition of protein synthesis and shifting translation to specific mRNAs. To investigate the role of GCN2 in responses to UV-B radiation its activity was analyzed through eIF2α phosphorylation assays in mutants of the specific UV-B and stress signaling pathways of Arabidopsis thaliana. EIF2α phosphorylation was detectable 30 min after UV-B exposure, independent of the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 and its downstream signaling components. GCN2 dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α was also detectable in mutants of the stress related MAP kinases, MPK3 and MPK6 and their negative regulator map kinase phosphatase1 (MKP1). Transcription of downstream components of the UV-B signaling pathway, the Chalcone synthase (CHS) was constitutively higher in gcn2-1 compared to wildtype and further increased upon UV-B while GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE7 (GPX7) behaved similarly to wildtype. The UVR8 independent FAD-LINKED OXIDOREDUCTASE (FADox) had a lower basal expression in gcn2-1 which was increased upon UV-B. Since high fluence rates of UV-B induce DNA damage the expression of the RAS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES PROTEIN51 (RAD51) was quantified before and after UV-B. While the basal expression was similar to wildtype it was significantly less induced upon UV-B in the gcn2-1 mutant. This expression pattern correlates with the finding that gcn2 mutants develop less cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers after UV-B exposure. Quantification of translation with the puromycination assay revealed that gcn2 mutants have an increased rate of translation which was also higher upon UV-B. Growth of gcn2 mutants to chronic UV-B exposure supports GCN2's role as a negative regulator of UV-B responses. The elevated resistance of gcn2 mutants towards repeated UV-B exposure points to a critical role of GCN2 in the regulation of translation upon UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Llabata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Richter
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Faus
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia, Spain
| | - Karolina Słomiňska-Durdasiak
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Lukas Hubert Zeh
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jose Gadea
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Marie-Theres Hauser,
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In silico-prediction of protein-protein interactions network about MAPKs and PP2Cs reveals a novel docking site variants in Brachypodium distachyon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15083. [PMID: 30305661 PMCID: PMC6180098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie the molecular mechanisms of most biological processes. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) can be dephosphorylated by MAPK-specific phosphatases such as PP2C, which are critical to transduce extracellular signals into adaptive and programmed responses. However, the experimental approaches for identifying PPIs are expensive, time-consuming, laborious and challenging. In response, many computational methods have been developed to predict PPIs. Yet, these methods have inherent disadvantages such as high false positive and negative results. Thus, it is crucial to develop in silico approaches for predicting PPIs efficiently and accurately. In this study, we identified PPIs among 16 BdMAPKs and 86 BdPP2Cs in B. distachyon using a novel docking approach. Further, we systematically investigated the docking site (D-site) of BdPP2C which plays a vital role for recognition and docking of BdMAPKs. D-site analysis revealed that there were 96 pairs of PPIs including all BdMAPKs and most BdPP2Cs, which indicated that BdPP2C may play roles in other signaling networks. Moreover, most BdPP2Cs have a D-site for BdMAPKs in our prediction results, which suggested that our method can effectively predict PPIs, as confirmed by their 3D structure. In addition, we validated this methodology with known Arabidopsis and yeast phosphatase-MAPK interactions from the STRING database. The results obtained provide a vital research resource for exploring an accurate network of PPIs between BdMAPKs and BdPP2Cs.
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Lee C, Wu Y, Hsueh C, Huang Y, Hsu Y, Meng M. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 reduces the replication efficiency of Bamboo mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2319-2332. [PMID: 29806182 PMCID: PMC6638022 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the central signaling pathways of the complicated defense network triggered by the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to repel pathogens. The Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK phosphatase 1 (AtMKP1) negatively regulates the activation of MAPKs. Recently, the AtMKP1 homolog of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbMKP1) was found in association with the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) replication complex. This study aimed to investigate the role of NbMKP1 in BaMV multiplication in N. benthamiana. Silencing of NbMKP1 increased accumulations of the BaMV-encoded proteins and the viral genomic RNA, although the same condition reduced the infectivity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, overexpression of NbMKP1 decreased the BaMV coat protein accumulation in a phosphatase activity-dependent manner in protoplasts. NbMKP1 also negatively affected the in vitro RNA polymerase activity of the BaMV replication complex. Collectively, the activity of NbMKP1 seems to reduce BaMV multiplication, inconsistent with the negatively regulatory role of MKP1 in MAPK cascades in terms of warding off fungal and bacterial invasion. In addition, silencing of NbMKP1 increased the accumulation of Foxtail mosaic virus but decreased Potato virus X. The discrepant effects exerted by NbMKP1 on different pathogens foresee the difficulty to develop plants with broad-spectrum resistance through genetically manipulating a single player in MAPK cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Yi‐Jhen Wu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Chia‐Hsin Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Yu‐Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Yau‐Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
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Tamnanloo F, Damen H, Jangra R, Lee JS. MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 Controls Cell Fate Transition during Stomatal Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:247-257. [PMID: 30002258 PMCID: PMC6130035 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stomata on the plant epidermis control gas and water exchange and are formed by MAPK-dependent processes. Although the contribution of MAP KINASE3 (MPK3) and MPK6 (MPK3/MPK6) to the control of stomatal patterning and differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has been examined extensively, how they are inactivated and regulate distinct stages of stomatal development is unknown. Here, we identify a dual-specificity phosphatase, MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (MKP1), which promotes stomatal cell fate transition by controlling MAPK activation at the early stage of stomatal development. Loss of function of MKP1 creates clusters of small cells that fail to differentiate into stomata, resulting in the formation of patches of pavement cells. We show that MKP1 acts downstream of YODA (a MAPK kinase kinase) but upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in the stomatal signaling pathway and that MKP1 deficiency causes stomatal signal-induced MAPK hyperactivation in vivo. By expressing MKP1 in the three discrete cell types of stomatal lineage, we further identified that MKP1-mediated deactivation of MAPKs in early stomatal precursor cells directs cell fate transition leading to stomatal differentiation. Together, our data reveal the important role of MKP1 in controlling MAPK signaling specificity and cell fate decision during stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Tamnanloo
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hassan Damen
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Raman Jangra
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Jiang M, Chu Z. Comparative analysis of plant MKK gene family reveals novel expansion mechanism of the members and sheds new light on functional conservation. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:407. [PMID: 29843611 PMCID: PMC5975520 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play critical functions in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, which regulates many physiological and biochemical processes. As a middle nodal point of the MAPK cascades, although evolutionary analysis of MKK from individual plant families had some reports, their evolutionary history in entire plants is still not clear. Results To better understand the evolution and function of plant MKKs, we performed systematical molecular evolutionary analysis of the MAPKK gene family and also surveyed their gene organizations, sequence features and expression patterns in different subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that plant MAPKK fall into five different groups (Group A–E). Majority orthology groups seemed to be a single or low-copy genes in all plant species analyzed in Group B, C and D, whereas group A MKKs undergo several duplication events, generating multiple gene copies. Further analysis showed that these duplication events were on account of whole genome duplications (WGDs) in plants and the duplicate genes maybe have undergone functional divergence. We also found that group E MKKs had mutation with one change of serine or theronine might lead to inactivity originated through the ancient tandem duplicates in monocots. Moreover, we also identified MKK3 integrated NTF2 domain that might have gradually lost the cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking activity, which suggests that they may involve with the gene function more and more sophistication in the evolutionary process. Moreover, expression analyses indicated that plant MKK genes play probable roles in UV-B signaling. Conclusion In general, ancient gene and genome duplications are significantly conducive to the expansion of the plant MKK gene family. Our study reveals two distinct evolutionary patterns for plant MKK proteins and sheds new light on the functional evolution of this gene family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4793-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqing Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Luo L, Peck SC. Central Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms of Dual-Specificity MAPK Phosphatases in Developmental and Stress Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1697. [PMID: 30515185 PMCID: PMC6255987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules that integrate multiple signaling pathways. One level of control on the activity of MAPKs is through their negative regulators, MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). Therefore, MKPs also play an integrative role for plants responding to diverse environmental stimulus; but the mechanism(s) by which these phosphatases contribute to specific signals remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarize recent advances in characterizing the biological functions of a sub-class of MKPs, dual-specificity phosphatases (DSPs), ranging from controlling plant growth and development to modulating stress adaptation. We also discuss putative regulatory mechanisms of DSP-type MKPs, which plants may use to control the correct level of responses at the right place and time. We highlight insights into potential regulation of cross-talk between different signaling pathways, facilitating the development of strategies for targeting such cross-talk and to help improve plant resistance against adverse environmental conditions without affecting the growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingyan Jiang
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Scott C. Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Scott C. Peck
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Bigeard J, Hirt H. Nuclear Signaling of Plant MAPKs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:469. [PMID: 29696029 PMCID: PMC5905223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved protein kinases in eukaryotes that establish signaling modules where MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) activate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) which in turn activate MAPKs. In plants, they are involved in the signaling of multiple environmental stresses and developmental programs. MAPKs phosphorylate their substrates and this post-translational modification (PTM) contributes to the regulation of proteins. PTMs may indeed modify the activity, subcellular localization, stability or trans-interactions of modified proteins. Plant MAPKs usually localize to the cytosol and/or nucleus, and in some instances they may also translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus. Upon the detection of environmental changes at the cell surface, MAPKs participate in the signal transduction to the nucleus, allowing an adequate transcriptional reprogramming. The identification of plant MAPK substrates largely contributed to a better understanding of the underlying signaling mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the nuclear signaling of plant MAPKs. We discuss the activation, regulation and activity of plant MAPKs, as well as their nuclear re-localization. We also describe and discuss known nuclear substrates of plant MAPKs in the context of biotic stress, abiotic stress and development and consider future research directions in the field of plant MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Heribert Hirt
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Jiang L, Anderson JC, Gonzalez Besteiro MA, Peck SC. Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis MAP Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) Is Required for PAMP Responses and Resistance against Bacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1839-1852. [PMID: 29070514 PMCID: PMC5717735 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive potential pathogens via the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors, which initiates a series of intracellular responses that ultimately limit bacterial growth. PAMP responses include changes in intracellular protein phosphorylation, including the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs), such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MKP1, are important negative regulators of MAPKs and play a crucial role in controlling the intensity and duration of MAPK activation during innate immune signaling. As such, the mkp1 mutant lacking MKP1 displays enhanced PAMP responses and resistance against the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Previous in vitro studies showed that MKP1 can be phosphorylated and activated by MPK6, suggesting that phosphorylation may be an important mechanism for regulating MKP1. We found that MKP1 was phosphorylated during PAMP elicitation and that phosphorylation stabilized the protein, resulting in protein accumulation after elicitation. MKP1 also can be stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, suggesting that MKP1 is constitutively degraded through the proteasome in the resting state. In addition, we investigated the role of MKP1 posttranslational regulation in plant defense by testing whether phenotypes of the mkp1 Arabidopsis mutant could be complemented by expressing phosphorylation site mutations of MKP1. The phosphorylation of MKP1 was found to be required for some, but not all, of MKP1's functions in PAMP responses and defense against bacteria. Together, our results provide insight into the roles of phosphorylation in the regulation of MKP1 during PAMP signaling and resistance to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | | | - Scott C Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Rayapuram N, Bigeard J, Alhoraibi H, Bonhomme L, Hesse AM, Vinh J, Hirt H, Pflieger D. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Shared and Specific Targets of Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:61-80. [PMID: 29167316 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 constitute essential relays for a variety of functions including cell division, development and innate immunity. Although some substrates of MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6 have been identified, the picture is still far from complete. To identify substrates of these MAPKs likely involved in cell division, growth and development we compared the phosphoproteomes of wild-type and mpk3, mpk4, and mpk6. To study the function of these MAPKs in innate immunity, we analyzed their phosphoproteomes following microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) treatment. Partially overlapping substrates were retrieved for all three MAPKs, showing target specificity to one, two or all three MAPKs in different biological processes. More precisely, our results illustrate the fact that the entity to be defined as a specific or a shared substrate for MAPKs is not a phosphoprotein but a particular (S/T)P phosphorylation site in a given protein. One hundred fifty-two peptides were identified to be differentially phosphorylated in response to MAMP treatment and/or when compared between genotypes and 70 of them could be classified as putative MAPK targets. Biochemical analysis of a number of putative MAPK substrates by phosphorylation and interaction assays confirmed the global phosphoproteome approach. Our study also expands the set of MAPK substrates to involve other protein kinases, including calcium-dependent (CDPK) and sugar nonfermenting (SnRK) protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganand Rayapuram
- From the ‡Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Bigeard
- §Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.,¶Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hanna Alhoraibi
- From the ‡Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- ‖UMR INRA/UBP Génétique, Diversité et Écophysiologie des Céréales, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- **CEA, BIG-BGE-EDyP, U1038 Inserm/CEA/UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- ‡‡ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (SMBP), CNRS USR 3149, 10 rue Vauquelin, F75231 Paris cedex05, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- From the ‡Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- **CEA, BIG-BGE-EDyP, U1038 Inserm/CEA/UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France.,§§CNRS, LAMBE UMR 8587, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Evry, France
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Arabidopsis E3 Ubiquitin Ligases PUB22 and PUB23 Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance by Targeting ABA Receptor PYL9 for Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091841. [PMID: 28837065 PMCID: PMC5618490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought causes osmotic stress and rapidly triggers abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in plants. The roles of various ABA receptors in drought tolerance and molecular mechanisms regulating ABA receptor stability needs to be elucidated. Here, we report that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PYL9, one of the 14 pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL)/regulatory component of ABA receptors (RCAR) family ABA receptors, gained drought tolerance trait. Osmotic stress induced accumulation of the PYL9 protein, which was regulated by the 26S proteasome. PYL9 interacted with two highly homologous plant U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases PUB22 and PUB23. In the cell-free degradation assay, the degradation of GST-PYL9 was accelerated in protein extract from plants overexpressing PUB22 but slowed down in protein extract from the pub22 pub23 double mutant. The in vivo decay of Myc-PYL9 was significantly reduced in the pub22 pub23 double mutant as compared with the wild-type. Additionally, PUB22 also interacted with other ABA receptors such as PYL5, PYL7 and PYL8. Considering the improved drought tolerance in the pub22 pub23 double mutant in previous studies, our results suggest that PUB22 and PUB23 negatively regulate drought tolerance in part by facilitating ABA receptors degradation.
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Fei X, Yu J, Li Y, Deng X. CrMAPK3 regulates the expression of iron-deficiency-responsive genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 18:6. [PMID: 28511672 PMCID: PMC5434638 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under iron-deficient conditions, Chlamydomonas exhibits high affinity for iron absorption. Nevertheless, the response, transmission, and regulation of downstream gene expression in algae cells have not to be investigated. Considering that the MAPK pathway is essential for abiotic stress responses, we determined whether this pathway is involved in iron deficiency signal transduction in Chlamydomonas. RESULTS Arabidopsis MAPK gene sequences were used as entry data to search for homologous genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome database to investigate the functions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family in C. reinhardtii under iron-free conditions. Results revealed 16 C. reinhardtii MAPK genes labeled CrMAPK2-CrMAPK17 with TXY conserved domains and low homology to MAPK in yeast, Arabidopsis, and humans. The expression levels of these genes were then analyzed through qRT-PCR and exposure to high salt (150 mM NaCl), low nitrogen, or iron-free conditions. The expression levels of these genes were also subjected to adverse stress conditions. The mRNA levels of CrMAPK2, CrMAPK3, CrMAPK4, CrMAPK5, CrMAPK6, CrMAPK8, CrMAPK9, and CrMAPK11 were remarkably upregulated under iron-deficient stress. The increase in CrMAPK3 expression was 43-fold greater than that in the control. An RNA interference vector was constructed and transformed into C. reinhardtii 2A38, an algal strain with an exogenous FOX1:ARS chimeric gene, to silence CrMAPK3. After this gene was silenced, the mRNA levels and ARS activities of FOX1:ARS chimeric gene and endogenous CrFOX1 were decreased. The mRNA levels of iron-responsive genes, such as CrNRAMP2, CrATX1, CrFTR1, and CrFEA1, were also remarkably reduced. CONCLUSION CrMAPK3 regulates the expression of iron-deficiency-responsive genes in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Fei
- School of Science, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Junmei Yu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, China.
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22
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Ghorbel M, Cotelle V, Ebel C, Zaidi I, Ormancey M, Galaud JP, Hanin M. Regulation of the wheat MAP kinase phosphatase 1 by 14-3-3 proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 257:37-47. [PMID: 28224917 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are major regulators of MAPK signaling pathways and play crucial roles in controlling growth, development and stress responses. The presence of several functional domains in plant MKPs such as a dual specificity phosphatase catalytic domain, gelsolin, calmodulin-binding and serine-rich domains, suggests that MKPs can interact with distinct cellular partners, others than MAPKs. In this report, we identified a canonical mode I 14-3-3-binding motif (574KLPSLP579) located at the carboxy-terminal region of the wheat MKP, TMKP1. We found that this motif is well-conserved among other MKPs from monocots including Hordeum vulgare, Brachypodium distachyon and Aegilops taushii. Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we provide evidence for interaction between TMKP1 and 14-3-3 proteins in wheat. Moreover, the phosphatase activity of TMKP1 is increased in a phospho-dependent manner by either Arabidopsis or yeast 14-3-3 isoforms. TMKP1 activation by 14-3-3 proteins is enhanced by Mn2+, whereas in the presence of Ca2+ ions, TMKP1 activation was limited to Arabidopsis 14-3-3φ (phi), an isoform harboring an EF-hand motif. Such findings strongly suggest that 14-3-3 proteins, in conjunction with specific divalent cations, may stimulate TMKP1 activity and point-out that 14-3-3 proteins bind and regulate the activity of a MKP in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax, Institute of Biotechnology, BP "1175", 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mélanie Ormancey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Moez Hanin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax, Institute of Biotechnology, BP "1175", 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Li FC, Wang J, Wu MM, Fan CM, Li X, He JM. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases Affect UV-B-Induced Stomatal Closure via Controlling NO in Guard Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:760-770. [PMID: 27837091 PMCID: PMC5210765 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces the activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (MKP1) and its targets MPK3 and MPK6, but whether they participate in UV-B guard cell signaling is not clear. Here, evidence shows that UV-B-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is antagonistically regulated by MKP1 and MPK6 via modulating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells. The mkp1 mutant was hypersensitive to UV-B-induced stomatal closure and NO production in guard cells but not to UV-B-induced H2O2 production, suggesting that MKP1 negatively regulates UV-B-induced stomatal closure via inhibiting NO generation in guard cells. Moreover, MPK3 and MPK6 were activated by UV-B in leaves of the wild type and hyperactivated in the mkp1 mutant, but the UV-B-induced activation of MPK3 and MPK6 was largely inhibited in mutants for ATRBOHD and ATRBOHF but not in mutants for NIA1 and NIA2 mpk6 mutants showed defects of UV-B-induced NO production and stomatal closure but were normal in UV-B-induced H2O2 production, while stomata of mpk3 mutants responded to UV-B just like those of the wild type. The defect of UV-B-induced stomatal closure in mpk6 mutants was rescued by exogenous NO but not by exogenous H2O2 Furthermore, double mutant mkp1/mpk6 and the single mutant mpk6 showed the same responses to UV-B in terms of either stomatal movement or H2O2 and NO production. These data indicate that MPK6, but not MPK3, positively regulates UV-B-induced stomatal closure via acting downstream of H2O2 and upstream of NO, while MKP1 functions negatively in UV-B guard cell signaling via down-regulation of MPK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Mi-Mi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Cai-Ming Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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24
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Vanhaelewyn L, Prinsen E, Van Der Straeten D, Vandenbussche F. Hormone-controlled UV-B responses in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4469-82. [PMID: 27401912 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) light is a portion of solar radiation that has significant effects on the development and metabolism of plants. Effects of UV-B on plants can be classified into photomorphogenic effects and stress effects. These effects largely rely on the control of, and interactions with, hormonal pathways. The fairly recent discovery of the UV-B-specific photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) allowed evaluation of the role of downstream hormones, leading to the identification of connections with auxin and gibberellin. Moreover, a substantial overlap between UVR8 and phytochrome responses has been shown, suggesting that part of the responses caused by UVR8 are under PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR control. UV-B effects can also be independent of UVR8, and affect different hormonal pathways. UV-B affects hormonal pathways in various ways: photochemically, affecting biosynthesis, transport, and/or signaling. This review concludes that the effects of UV-B on hormonal regulation can be roughly divided in two: inhibition of growth-promoting hormones; and the enhancement of environmental stress-induced defense hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory for Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory for Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Van Landeghem S, Van Parys T, Dubois M, Inzé D, Van de Peer Y. Diffany: an ontology-driven framework to infer, visualise and analyse differential molecular networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:18. [PMID: 26729218 PMCID: PMC4700732 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differential networks have recently been introduced as a powerful way to study the dynamic rewiring capabilities of an interactome in response to changing environmental conditions or stimuli. Currently, such differential networks are generated and visualised using ad hoc methods, and are often limited to the analysis of only one condition-specific response or one interaction type at a time. Results In this work, we present a generic, ontology-driven framework to infer, visualise and analyse an arbitrary set of condition-specific responses against one reference network. To this end, we have implemented novel ontology-based algorithms that can process highly heterogeneous networks, accounting for both physical interactions and regulatory associations, symmetric and directed edges, edge weights and negation. We propose this integrative framework as a standardised methodology that allows a unified view on differential networks and promotes comparability between differential network studies. As an illustrative application, we demonstrate its usefulness on a plant abiotic stress study and we experimentally confirmed a predicted regulator. Availability Diffany is freely available as open-source java library and Cytoscape plugin from http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/supplementary_data/solan/diffany/. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0863-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Landeghem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Parys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private bag X200028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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26
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Xie L, Lang-Mladek C, Richter J, Nigam N, Hauser MT. UV-B induction of the E3 ligase ARIADNE12 depends on CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 93:18-28. [PMID: 25817546 PMCID: PMC4503874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The UV-B inducible ARIADNE12 (ARI12) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of the RING-between-RING (RBR) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases for which a novel ubiquitination mechanism was identified in mammalian homologs. This RING-HECT hybrid mechanism needs a conserved cysteine which is replaced by serine in ARI12 and might affect the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We have shown that under photomorphogenic UV-B, ARI12 is a downstream target of the classical ultraviolet B (UV-B) UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) pathway. However, under high fluence rate of UV-B ARI12 was induced independently of UVR8 and the UV-A/blue light and red/far-red photoreceptors. A key component of several light signaling pathways is Constitutively Photomorphogenic 1 (COP1). Upon UV-B COP1 is trapped in the nucleus through interaction with UVR8 permitting the activation of genes that regulate the biosynthesis of UV-B protective metabolites and growth adaptations. To clarify the role of COP1 in the regulation of ARI12 mRNA expression and ARI12 protein stability, localization and interaction with COP1 was assessed with and without UV-B. We found that COP1 controls ARI12 in white light, low and high fluence rate of UV-B. Furthermore we show that ARI12 is indeed an E3 ubiquitin ligase which is mono-ubiquitinated, a prerequisite for the RING-HECT hybrid mechanism. Finally, genetic analyses with transgenes expressing a genomic pmARI12:ARI12-GFP construct confirm the epistatic interaction between COP1 and ARI12 in growth responses to high fluence rate UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Xie
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christina Lang-Mladek
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Neha Nigam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Shankar A, Agrawal N, Sharma M, Pandey A, Pandey GK. Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Plants. Curr Genomics 2015; 16:224-36. [PMID: 26962298 PMCID: PMC4765517 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150424234300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulatory mechanism that controls many biological processes in eukaryotes. In plants, phosphorylation events primarily occur on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues, while in certain cases, it was also discovered on tyrosine (Tyr) residues. In contrary to plants, extensive reports on Tyr phosphorylation regulating a large numbers of biological processes exist in animals. Despite of such prodigious function in animals, Tyr phosphorylation is a least studied mechanism of protein regulation in plants. Recently, various chemical analytical procedures have strengthened the view that Tyr phosphorylation is equally prevalent in plants as in animals. However, regardless of Tyr phosphorylation events occuring in plants, no evidence could be found for the existence of gene encoding for Tyr phosphorylation i.e. the typical Tyr kinases. Various methodologies have suggested that plant responses to stress signals and developmental processes involved modifications in protein Tyr phosphorylation. Correspondingly, various reports have established the role of PTPs (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases) in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) hence, in the regulation of MAPK signaling cascade. Besides this, many dual specificity protein phosphatases (DSPs) are also known to bind starch and regulate starch metabolism through reversible phosphorylation. Here, we are emphasizing the significant progress on protein Tyr phosphatases to understand the role of these enzymes in the regulation of post-translational modification in plant physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
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28
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Kataya ARA, Schei E, Lillo C. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 harbors a novel PTS1 and is targeted to peroxisomes following stress treatments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 179:12-20. [PMID: 25817413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, twenty mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs/MPKs) are regulated by five MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs). Arabidopsis MKP1 has an important role in biotic, abiotic and genotoxic stresses and has been shown to interact with and negatively regulate specifically MPK3 and MPK6. MKP1 has been reported to have a role in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) production. As essential organelles involved in production of ROS and SA, peroxisomes could possibly be an important compartment for MKP1 activity, however MKP1 was previously reported to be cytosolic. By screening Arabidopsis protein phosphatases for peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), we identified MKP1 as a putative peroxisomal protein. Arabidopsis MKP1 was found to harbor a non-canonical PTS1-like tripeptide (Ser-Ala-Leu>) that is conserved in MKP1 orthologs. We show experimentally that the C-terminal Ser-Ala-Leu> can function as a novel PTS1, and alanine in position -2, adds more relaxation to the plant PTS1 motif. The full-length MKP1 remained in the cytosol when transiently expressed in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts under standard conditions. When different biotic and abiotic stresses were applied to mesophyll protoplasts, the full length protein changed its targeting to unidentified organelle-like structures that subsequently fused with peroxisomes. Our results identify MKP1 as a protein dually targeted to cytosol and peroxisomes. The finding that MKP1 targets peroxisomes by a non-canonical PTS1 under stressful conditions highlights the complexity of peroxisomal targeting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr R A Kataya
- University of Stavanger, Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Edit Schei
- University of Stavanger, Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cathrine Lillo
- University of Stavanger, Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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29
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Bigeard J, Colcombet J, Hirt H. Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:521-39. [PMID: 25744358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are perceived by two different recognition systems that initiate the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both of which are accompanied by a set of induced defenses that usually repel pathogen attacks. Here we discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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30
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Mohanta TK, Arora PK, Mohanta N, Parida P, Bae H. Identification of new members of the MAPK gene family in plants shows diverse conserved domains and novel activation loop variants. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:58. [PMID: 25888265 PMCID: PMC4363184 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling is of critical importance in plants and other eukaryotic organisms. The MAPK cascade plays an indispensible role in the growth and development of plants, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. The MAPKs are constitute the most downstream module of the three tier MAPK cascade and are phosphorylated by upstream MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK), which are in turn are phosphorylated by MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK). The MAPKs play pivotal roles in regulation of many cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates, thus regulating several biological processes. Results A total of 589 MAPKs genes were identified from the genome wide analysis of 40 species. The sequence analysis has revealed the presence of several N- and C-terminal conserved domains. The MAPKs were previously believed to be characterized by the presence of TEY/TDY activation loop motifs. The present study showed that, in addition to presence of activation loop TEY/TDY motifs, MAPKs are also contain MEY, TEM, TQM, TRM, TVY, TSY, TEC and TQY activation loop motifs. Phylogenetic analysis of all predicted MAPKs were clustered into six different groups (group A, B, C, D, E and F), and all predicted MAPKs were assigned with specific names based on their orthology based evolutionary relationships with Arabidopsis or Oryza MAPKs. Conclusion We conducted global analysis of the MAPK gene family of plants from lower eukaryotes to higher eukaryotes and analyzed their genomic and evolutionary aspects. Our study showed the presence of several new activation loop motifs and diverse conserved domains in MAPKs. Advance study of newly identified activation loop motifs can provide further information regarding the downstream signaling cascade activated in response to a wide array of stress conditions, as well as plant growth and development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1244-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Daehak Gyeongsan, Gyeonsangbook, 712749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Daehak Gyeongsan, Gyeonsangbook, 712749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nibedita Mohanta
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Sri Ramchandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Orissa, 757003, India.
| | - Pratap Parida
- Center for Studies in Biotechnology, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Daehak Gyeongsan, Gyeonsangbook, 712749, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is an essential posttranslational modification mechanism executed by opposing actions of protein phosphatases and protein kinases. About 1,000 predicted kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana kinome predominate the number of protein phosphatases, of which there are only ~150 members in Arabidopsis. Protein phosphatases were often referred to as "housekeeping" enzymes, which act to keep eukaryotic systems in balance by counteracting the activity of protein kinases. However, recent investigations reveal the crucial and specific regulatory functions of phosphatases in cell signaling. Phosphatases operate in a coordinated manner with the protein kinases, to execute their important function in determining the cellular response to a physiological stimulus. Closer examination has established high specificity of phosphatases in substrate recognition and important roles in plant signaling pathways, such as pathogen defense and stress regulation, light and hormonal signaling, cell cycle and differentiation, metabolism, and plant growth. In this minireview we provide a compact overview about Arabidopsis protein phosphatase families, as well as members of phosphoglucan and lipid phosphatases, and highlight the recent discoveries in phosphatase research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Schweighofer
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, V. Graičiūno 8, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania,
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32
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Lampard GR, Wengier DL, Bergmann DC. Manipulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage reveals motifs that contribute to protein localization and signaling specificity. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3358-71. [PMID: 25172143 PMCID: PMC4371834 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) components are recruited recurrently to transduce signals of different origins, and often opposing outcomes, mechanisms to enforce signaling specificity are of utmost importance. These mechanisms are largely uncharacterized in plant MAPK signaling networks. The Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal lineage was previously used to show that when rendered constitutively active, four MAPK kinases (MKKs), MKK4/5/7/9, are capable of perturbing stomatal development and that these kinases comprise two pairs, MKK4/5 and MKK7/9, with both overlapping and divergent functions. We characterized the contributions of specific structural domains of these four "stomatal" MKKs to MAPK signaling output and specificity both in vitro and in vivo within the three discrete cell types of the stomatal lineage. These results verify the influence of functional docking (D) domains of MKKs on MAPK signal output and identify novel regulatory functions for previously uncharacterized structures within the N termini of MKK4/5. Beyond this, we present a novel function of the D-domains of MKK7/9 in regulating the subcellular localization of these kinases. These results provide tools to broadly assess the extent to which these and additional motifs within MKKs function to regulate MAPK signal output throughout the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Lampard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
| | - Diego L Wengier
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
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Frei dit Frey N, Garcia AV, Bigeard J, Zaag R, Bueso E, Garmier M, Pateyron S, de Tauzia-Moreau ML, Brunaud V, Balzergue S, Colcombet J, Aubourg S, Martin-Magniette ML, Hirt H. Functional analysis of Arabidopsis immune-related MAPKs uncovers a role for MPK3 as negative regulator of inducible defences. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R87. [PMID: 24980080 PMCID: PMC4197828 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-6-r87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of immune responses in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis, perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) activates the MAPKs MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6. Increasing information depicts the molecular events activated by MAMPs in plants, but the specific and cooperative contributions of the MAPKs in these signalling events are largely unclear. RESULTS In this work, we analyse the behaviour of MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6 mutants in early and late immune responses triggered by the MAMP flg22 from bacterial flagellin. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals that 36% of the flg22-upregulated genes and 68% of the flg22-downregulated genes are affected in at least one MAPK mutant. So far MPK4 was considered as a negative regulator of immunity, whereas MPK3 and MPK6 were believed to play partially redundant positive functions in defence. Our work reveals that MPK4 is required for the regulation of approximately 50% of flg22-induced genes and we identify a negative role for MPK3 in regulating defence gene expression, flg22-induced salicylic acid accumulation and disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Among the MAPK-dependent genes, 27% of flg22-upregulated genes and 76% of flg22-downregulated genes require two or three MAPKs for their regulation. The flg22-induced MAPK activities are differentially regulated in MPK3 and MPK6 mutants, both in amplitude and duration, revealing a highly interdependent network. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a new set of distinct functions for MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6 and indicate that the plant immune signalling network is choreographed through the interplay of these three interwoven MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Frei dit Frey
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Present address: Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), UMR 5546, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 24, chemin de Borde Rouge B.P. 42617 Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Ana Victoria Garcia
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Rim Zaag
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes (IBP), CNRS-Université Paris-Sud - UMR 8618 - Saclay Plant Sciences, Orsay, Cedex 91405, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), Plateforme Transcriptome, UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Marie-Ludivine de Tauzia-Moreau
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), Plateforme Transcriptome, UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Sébastien Aubourg
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 518 MIA, Paris 75005, France
- INRA, UMR 518 MIA, Paris 75005, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Rayapuram N, Bonhomme L, Bigeard J, Haddadou K, Przybylski C, Hirt H, Pflieger D. Identification of novel PAMP-triggered phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events in Arabidopsis thaliana by quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2137-51. [PMID: 24601666 DOI: 10.1021/pr401268v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling cascades rely strongly on protein kinase-mediated substrate phosphorylation. Currently a major challenge in signal transduction research is to obtain high confidence substrate phosphorylation sites and assign them to specific kinases. In response to bacterial flagellin, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), we searched for rapidly phosphorylated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana by combining multistage activation (MSA) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation modes, which generate complementary spectra and identify phosphopeptide sites with increased reliability. Of a total of 825 phosphopeptides, we identified 58 to be differentially phosphorylated. These peptides harbor kinase motifs of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), as well as yet unknown protein kinases. Importantly, 12 of the phosphopeptides show reduced phosphorylation upon flagellin treatment. Since protein abundance levels did not change, these results indicate that flagellin induces not only various protein kinases but also protein phosphatases, even though a scenario of inhibited kinase activity may also be possible.
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Lassowskat I, Böttcher C, Eschen-Lippold L, Scheel D, Lee J. Sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activation reprograms defense metabolism and phosphoprotein profile in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:554. [PMID: 25368622 PMCID: PMC4202796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) target a variety of protein substrates to regulate cellular signaling processes in eukaryotes. In plants, the number of identified MAPK substrates that control plant defense responses is still limited. Here, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with an inducible system to simulate in vivo activation of two stress-activated MAPKs, MPK3, and MPK6. Metabolome analysis revealed that this artificial MPK3/6 activation (without any exposure to pathogens or other stresses) is sufficient to drive the production of major defense-related metabolites, including various camalexin, indole glucosinolate and agmatine derivatives. An accompanying (phospho)proteome analysis led to detection of hundreds of potential phosphoproteins downstream of MPK3/6 activation. Besides known MAPK substrates, many candidates on this list possess typical MAPK-targeted phosphosites and in many cases, the corresponding phosphopeptides were detected by mass spectrometry. Notably, several of these putative phosphoproteins have been reported to be associated with the biosynthesis of antimicrobial defense substances (e.g., WRKY transcription factors and proteins encoded by the genes from the "PEN" pathway required for penetration resistance to filamentous pathogens). Thus, this work provides an inventory of candidate phosphoproteins, including putative direct MAPK substrates, for future analysis of MAPK-mediated defense control. (Proteomics data are available with the identifier PXD001252 via ProteomeXchange, http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lassowskat
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn InstituteBerlin, Germany
| | - Lennart Eschen-Lippold
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
| | - Dierk Scheel
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
- *Correspondence: Justin Lee, Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany e-mail:
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Effect of salicylic acid on the attenuation of aluminum toxicity in Coffea arabica L. suspension cells: A possible protein phosphorylation signaling pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:188-95. [PMID: 23953991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of salicylic acid (SA) on aluminum (Al) toxicity was studied in suspension cells of Coffea arabica L. The results showed that SA does not produce any effect on cell growth and that the growth inhibition produced by aluminum is restored during simultaneous treatment of the cells with Al and SA. In addition, the cells exposed to both compounds, Al and SA, showed evident morphological signals of recovery from the toxic state produced in the presence of Al. The cells treated with SA showed a lower accumulation of Al, which was linked to restoration from Al toxicity because the concentration of Al(3+) outside the cells, measured as the Al(3+)-morin complex, was not modified by the presence of SA. Additionally, the inhibition of phospholipase C by Al treatment was restored during the exposure of the cells to SA and Al. The involvement of protein phosphorylation in the protective effect of SA on Al-toxicity was suggested because staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, reverted the stimulatory effect of the combination of Al and SA on protein kinase activity. These results suggest that SA attenuates aluminum toxicity by affecting a signaling pathway linked to protein phosphorylation.
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