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Ding F, Zhou M, Ren Y, Li Y, Xiang J, Li Y, Yu J, Hong Y, Fu Z, Li H, Pan Z, Liu B. Mitochondrial Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Avenue for Diagnosing and Treating Lung Diseases. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25372-25404. [PMID: 39225081 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, pivotal organelles governing cellular biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and signal transduction, maintain dynamic equilibrium through processes such as biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy. Growing evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in a spectrum of respiratory diseases including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchial asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Consequently, identifying methods capable of ameliorating damaged mitochondrial function is crucial for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized membrane vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive substances or signals between cells or organs. Recent studies have identified abundant mitochondrial components within specific subsets of EVs, termed mitochondrial extracellular vesicles (mitoEVs), whose contents and compositions vary with disease progression. Moreover, mitoEVs have demonstrated reparative mitochondrial functions in injured recipient cells. However, a comprehensive understanding of mitoEVs is currently lacking, limiting their clinical translation prospects. This Review explores the biogenesis, classification, functional mitochondrial cargo, and biological effects of mitoEVs, with a focus on their role in pulmonary diseases. Emphasis is placed on their potential as biological markers and innovative therapeutic strategies in pulmonary diseases, offering fresh insights for mechanistic studies and drug development in various pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jinying Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yuehan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jinyue Yu
- Childhood Nutrition Research Group, Population, Policy & Practice Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - Ying Hong
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxia Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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Bustillos BA, Cocker LT, Coban MA, Weber CA, Bredenberg JM, Boneski PK, Siuda J, Slawek J, Puschmann A, Narendra DP, Graff-Radford NR, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Caulfield TR, Springer W, Fiesel FC. Structural and Functional Characterization of the Most Frequent Pathogenic PRKN Substitution p.R275W. Cells 2024; 13:1540. [PMID: 39329724 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PINK1 and PRKN genes are the most frequent genetic cause of early-onset Parkinson disease. The pathogenic p.R275W substitution in PRKN is the most frequent substitution observed in patients, and thus far has been characterized mostly through overexpression models that suggest a possible gain of toxic misfunction. However, its effects under endogenous conditions are largely unknown. We used patient fibroblasts, isogenic neurons, and post-mortem human brain samples from carriers with and without PRKN p.R275W to assess functional impact. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to study mitophagy activation, and mitophagy execution was analyzed by flow cytometry of the reporter mitoKeima. The functional analysis was accompanied by structural investigation of PRKN p.R275W. We observed lower PRKN protein in fibroblasts with compound heterozygous p.R275W mutations. Isogenic neurons showed an allele-dose dependent decrease in PRKN protein. Lower PRKN protein levels were accompanied by diminished phosphorylated ubiquitin and decreased MFN2 modification. Mitochondrial degradation was also allele-dose dependently impaired. Consistently, PRKN protein levels were drastically reduced in human brain samples from p.R275W carriers. Finally, structural simulations showed significant changes in the closed form of PRKN p.R275W. Our data suggest that under endogenous conditions the p.R275W mutation results in a loss-of-function by destabilizing PRKN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam T Cocker
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mathew A Coban
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Caleb A Weber
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Paige K Boneski
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Slawek
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skane University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek P Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Mayo Clinic, Graduate School of Biomedical, Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Graduate School of Biomedical, Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Graduate School of Biomedical, Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Computational Biology, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Graduate School of Biomedical, Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fabienne C Fiesel
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Graduate School of Biomedical, Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Lehmer M, Zoncu R. mTORC1 Signaling Inhibition Modulates Mitochondrial Function in Frataxin Deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606942. [PMID: 39211218 PMCID: PMC11360942 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes regulate mitochondrial function through multiple mechanisms including the master regulator, mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase, which is activated at the lysosomal membrane by nutrient, growth factor and energy signals. mTORC1 promotes mitochondrial protein composition changes, respiratory capacity, and dynamics, though the full range of mitochondrial-regulating functions of this protein kinase remain undetermined. We find that acute chemical modulation of mTORC1 signaling decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced susceptibility to stress-induced mitophagy. In cellular models of Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), where loss of the Frataxin (FXN) protein suppresses Fe-S cluster synthesis and mitochondrial respiration, the changes induced by mTORC1 inhibitors lead to improved cell survival. Proteomic-based profiling uncover compositional changes that could underlie mTORC1-dependent modulation of FXN-deficient mitochondria. These studies highlight mTORC1 signaling as a regulator of mitochondrial composition and function, prompting further evaluation of this pathway in the context of mitochondrial disease.
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Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Olech-Kochańczyk G, Culmsee C, Adamczyk A. Novel Insights into Parkin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and "Mito-Inflammation" in α-Synuclein Toxicity. The Role of the cGAS-STING Signalling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4549-4574. [PMID: 39011416 PMCID: PMC11249072 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s468609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders continues to grow worldwide. Increasing evidence links intracellular inclusions of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, so-called Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neuritis, to the progressive pathology of PD and other synucleinopathies. Our previous findings established that α-syn oligomers induce S-nitrosylation and deregulation of the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin, leading to mitochondrial disturbances in neuronal cells. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria as a consequence, together with the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) could activate the innate immune response and induce neuroinflammation ("mito-inflammation"), eventually accelerating neurodegeneration. However, the molecular pathways that transmit pro-inflammatory signals from damaged mitochondria are not well understood. One of the proposed pathways could be the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS-STING) pathway, which plays a pivotal role in modulating the innate immune response. It has recently been suggested that cGAS-STING deregulation may contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Especially, its excessive engagement may lead to neuroinflammation and appear to be essential for the development of neurodegenerative brain diseases, including PD. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying cGAS-STING pathway activation in PD and other synucleinopathies are not fully understood. This review focuses on linking mitochondrial dysfunction to neuroinflammation in these disorders, particularly emphasizing the role of the cGAS-STING signaling. We propose the cGAS-STING pathway as a critical driver of inflammation in α-syn-dependent neurodegeneration and hypothesize that cGAS-STING-driven "mito-inflammation" may be one of the key mechanisms promoting the neurodegeneration in PD. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of α-syn-induced cGAS-STING-associated "mito-inflammation" in PD and related synucleinopathies may contribute to the identification of new targets for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Olech-Kochańczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior - CMBB, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Low ZY, Yip AJW, Chan AML, Choo WS. 14-3-3 Family of Proteins: Biological Implications, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Intervention in Cancer, Virus and Neurodegeneration Disorders. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30624. [PMID: 38946063 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of proteins are highly conserved acidic eukaryotic proteins (25-32 kDa) abundantly present in the body. Through numerous binding partners, the 14-3-3 is responsible for many essential cellular pathways, such as cell cycle regulation and gene transcription control. Hence, its dysregulation has been linked to the onset of critical illnesses such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections. Interestingly, explorative studies have revealed an inverse correlation of 14-3-3 protein in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and the direct manipulation of 14-3-3 by virus to enhance infection capacity has dramatically extended its significance. Of these, COVID-19 has been linked to the 14-3-3 proteins by the interference of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein during virion assembly. Given its predisposition towards multiple essential host signalling pathways, it is vital to understand the holistic interactions between the 14-3-3 protein to unravel its potential therapeutic unit in the future. As such, the general structure and properties of the 14-3-3 family of proteins, as well as their known biological functions and implications in cancer, neurodegeneration, and viruses, were covered in this review. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic target of 14-3-3 proteins in the associated diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alvin Man Lung Chan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Trease AJ, Totusek S, Lichter EZ, Stauch KL, Fox HS. Mitochondrial DNA Instability Supersedes Parkin Mutations in Driving Mitochondrial Proteomic Alterations and Functional Deficits in Polg Mutator Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6441. [PMID: 38928146 PMCID: PMC11203920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is essential in mitochondrial function. To examine the importance of Parkin-dependent mechanisms in mitochondrial quality control, we assessed the impact of modulating Parkin on proteome flux and mitochondrial function in a context of reduced mtDNA fidelity. To accomplish this, we crossed either the Parkin knockout mouse or ParkinW402A knock-in mouse lines to the Polg mitochondrial mutator line to generate homozygous double mutants. In vivo longitudinal isotopic metabolic labeling was followed by isolation of liver mitochondria and synaptic terminals from the brain, which are rich in mitochondria. Mass spectrometry and bioenergetics analysis were assessed. We demonstrate that slower mitochondrial protein turnover is associated with loss of mtDNA fidelity in liver mitochondria but not synaptic terminals, and bioenergetic function in both tissues is impaired. Pathway analysis revealed loss of mtDNA fidelity is associated with disturbances of key metabolic pathways, consistent with its association with metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we find that loss of Parkin leads to exacerbation of Polg-driven proteomic consequences, though it may be bioenergetically protective in tissues exhibiting rapid mitochondrial turnover. Finally, we provide evidence that, surprisingly, dis-autoinhibition of Parkin (ParkinW402A) functionally resembles Parkin knockout and fails to rescue deleterious Polg-driven effects. Our study accomplishes three main outcomes: (1) it supports recent studies suggesting that Parkin dependence is low in response to an increased mtDNA mutational load, (2) it provides evidence of a potential protective role of Parkin insufficiency, and (3) it draws into question the therapeutic attractiveness of enhancing Parkin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Trease
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.J.T.); (S.T.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Steven Totusek
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.J.T.); (S.T.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Eliezer Z. Lichter
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Kelly L. Stauch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.J.T.); (S.T.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.J.T.); (S.T.); (K.L.S.)
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Clausen L, Okarmus J, Voutsinos V, Meyer M, Lindorff-Larsen K, Hartmann-Petersen R. PRKN-linked familial Parkinson's disease: cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease-linked variants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:223. [PMID: 38767677 PMCID: PMC11106057 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that arises from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and is mainly characterized by progressive loss of motor function. Monogenic familial PD is associated with highly penetrant variants in specific genes, notably the PRKN gene, where homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants predominate. PRKN encodes Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase important for protein ubiquitination and mitophagy of damaged mitochondria. Accordingly, Parkin plays a central role in mitochondrial quality control but is itself also subject to a strict protein quality control system that rapidly eliminates certain disease-linked Parkin variants. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular functions of Parkin, highlighting the various mechanisms by which PRKN gene variants result in loss-of-function. We emphasize the importance of high-throughput assays and computational tools for the clinical classification of PRKN gene variants and how detailed insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of PRKN gene variants may impact the development of personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Clausen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Voutsinos
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE, Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Baninameh Z, Watzlawik JO, Hou X, Richardson T, Kurchaba NW, Yan T, Di Florio DN, Fairweather D, Kang L, Nguyen JH, Kanekiyo T, Dickson DW, Noda S, Sato S, Hattori N, Goldberg MS, Ganley IG, Stauch KL, Fiesel FC, Springer W. Alterations of PINK1-PRKN signaling in mice during normal aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591753. [PMID: 38746191 PMCID: PMC11092476 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin kinase-ligase pair PINK1-PRKN identifies and selectively marks damaged mitochondria for elimination via the autophagy-lysosome system (mitophagy). While this cytoprotective pathway has been extensively studied in vitro upon acute and complete depolarization of mitochondria, the significance of PINK1-PRKN mitophagy in vivo is less well established. Here we used a novel approach to study PINK1-PRKN signaling in different energetically demanding tissues of mice during normal aging. We demonstrate a generally increased expression of both genes and enhanced enzymatic activity with aging across tissue types. Collectively our data suggest a distinct regulation of PINK1-PRKN signaling under basal conditions with the most pronounced activation and flux of the pathway in mouse heart compared to brain or skeletal muscle. Our biochemical analyses complement existing mitophagy reporter readouts and provide an important baseline assessment in vivo, setting the stage for further investigations of the PINK1-PRKN pathway during stress and in relevant disease conditions.
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Islam NN, Weber CA, Coban M, Cocker LT, Fiesel FC, Springer W, Caulfield TR. In Silico Investigation of Parkin-Activating Mutations Using Simulations and Network Modeling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:365. [PMID: 38540783 PMCID: PMC10968616 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Complete loss-of-function mutations in the PRKN gene are a major cause of early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). PRKN encodes the Parkin protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that works in conjunction with the ubiquitin kinase PINK1 in a distinct quality control pathway to tag damaged mitochondria for autophagic clearance, i.e., mitophagy. According to previous structural investigations, Parkin protein is typically kept in an inactive conformation via several intramolecular, auto-inhibitory interactions. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) to provide insights into conformational changes occurring during the de-repression of Parkin and the gain of catalytic activity. We analyzed four different Parkin-activating mutations that are predicted to disrupt certain aspects of its auto-inhibition. All four variants showed greater conformational motions compared to wild-type protein, as well as differences in distances between domain interfaces and solvent-accessible surface area, which are thought to play critical roles as Parkin gains catalytic activity. Our findings reveal that the studied variants exert a notable influence on Parkin activation as they alter the opening of its closed inactive structure, a finding that is supported by recent structure- and cell-based studies. These findings not only helped further characterize the hyperactive variants but overall improved our understanding of Parkin's catalytic activity and nominated targets within Parkin's structure for potential therapeutic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeyma N. Islam
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
| | - Caleb A. Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
| | - Matt Coban
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
| | - Liam T. Cocker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
| | - Fabienne C. Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Thomas R. Caulfield
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (N.N.I.); (C.A.W.); (M.C.); (F.C.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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10
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Markham BN, Ramnarine C, Kim S, Grever WE, Soto-Beasley AI, Heckman M, Ren Y, Osborne AC, Bhagwate AV, Liu Y, Wang C, Kim J, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA, Springer W, Fiesel FC. miRNA family miR-29 inhibits PINK1-PRKN dependent mitophagy via ATG9A. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576122. [PMID: 38293184 PMCID: PMC10827147 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding PINK1 and PRKN result in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD). Together the encoded enzymes direct a neuroprotective pathway that ensures the elimination of damaged mitochondria via autophagy. We performed a genome-wide high content imaging miRNA screen for inhibitors of the PINK1-PRKN pathway and identified all three members of the miRNA family 29 (miR-29). Using RNAseq we identified target genes and found that siRNA against ATG9A phenocopied the effects of miR-29 and inhibited the initiation of PINK1-PRKN mitophagy. Furthermore, we discovered two rare, potentially deleterious, missense variants (p.R631W and p.S828L) in our EOPD cohort and tested them experimentally in cells. While expression of wild-type ATG9A was able to rescue the effects of miR-29a, the EOPD-associated variants behaved like loss-of-function mutations. Together, our study validates miR-29 and its target gene ATG9A as novel regulators of mitophagy initiation. It further serves as proof-of-concept of finding novel, potentially disease-causing EOPD-linked variants specifically in mitophagy regulating genes. The nomination of genetic variants and biological pathways is important for the stratification and treatment of patients that suffer from devastating diseases, such as EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Markham
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chloe Ramnarine
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Songeun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrew C Osborne
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aditya V Bhagwate
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fabienne C Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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11
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Zheng C, Nguyen KK, Vishnivetskiy SA, Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. Arrestin-3 binds parkin and enhances parkin-dependent mitophagy. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38196269 PMCID: PMC11231064 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Arrestins were discovered for their role in homologous desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Later non-visual arrestins were shown to regulate several signaling pathways. Some of these pathways require arrestin binding to GPCRs, the regulation of others is receptor independent. Here, we demonstrate that arrestin-3 binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin via multiple sites, preferentially interacting with its RING0 domain. Identification of the parkin domains involved suggests that arrestin-3 likely relieves parkin autoinhibition and/or stabilizes the enzymatically active "open" conformation of parkin. Arrestin-3 binding enhances ubiquitination by parkin of the mitochondrial protein mitofusin-1 and facilitates parkin-mediated mitophagy in HeLa cells. Furthermore, arrestin-3 and its mutant with enhanced parkin binding rescue mitofusin-1 ubiquitination and mitophagy in the presence of the Parkinson's disease-associated R275W parkin mutant, which is defective in both functions. Thus, modulation of parkin activity via arrestin-3 might be a novel strategy of anti-parkinsonian therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin K Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Ma Y, Zhou X, Gui M, Yao L, Li J, Chen X, Wang M, Lu B, Fu D. Mitophagy in hypertension-mediated organ damage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1309863. [PMID: 38239871 PMCID: PMC10794547 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1309863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension constitutes a pervasive chronic ailment on a global scale, frequently inflicting damage upon vital organs, such as the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, brain, and others. And this is a complex clinical dilemma that requires immediate attention. The mitochondria assume a crucial function in the generation of energy, and it is of utmost importance to eliminate any malfunctioning or surplus mitochondria to uphold intracellular homeostasis. Mitophagy is considered a classic example of selective autophagy, an important component of mitochondrial quality control, and is closely associated with many physiological and pathological processes. The ubiquitin-dependent pathway, facilitated by PINK1/Parkin, along with the ubiquitin-independent pathway, orchestrated by receptor proteins such as BNIP3, NIX, and FUNDC1, represent the extensively investigated mechanisms underlying mitophagy. In recent years, research has increasingly shown that mitophagy plays an important role in organ damage associated with hypertension. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in hypertension-mediated organ damage could represent a critical avenue for future research in the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the impact of mitophagy on organ damage due to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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He T, Wen C, Yang G, Yang X. Targeted Protein Degradation: Principles, Strategies, and Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300083. [PMID: 37518856 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a general process to maintain cell homeostasis. The intracellular protein quality control system mainly includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the lysosome pathway. Inspired by the physiological process, strategies to degrade specific proteins have developed, which emerge as potent and effective tools in biological research and drug discovery. This review focuses on recent advances in targeted protein degradation techniques, summarizing the principles, advantages, and challenges. Moreover, the potential applications and future direction in biological science and clinics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Wen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
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14
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Wang X, Wang M, Cai M, Shao R, Xia G, Zhao W. Miriplatin-loaded liposome, as a novel mitophagy inducer, suppresses pancreatic cancer proliferation through blocking POLG and TFAM-mediated mtDNA replication. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4477-4501. [PMID: 37969736 PMCID: PMC10638513 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a more aggressive and refractory malignancy. Resistance and toxicity limit drug efficacy. Herein, we report a lower toxic and higher effective miriplatin (MPt)-loaded liposome, LMPt, exhibiting totally different anti-cancer mechanism from previously reported platinum agents. Both in gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant/sensitive (GEM-R/S) pancreatic cancer cells, LMPt exhibits prominent anti-cancer activity, led by faster cellular entry-induced larger accumulation of MPt. The level of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) determines entry rate and switch of entry pathways of LMPt, indicating a novel role of Cav-1 in nanoparticle entry. After endosome-lysosome processing, in unchanged metabolite, MPt is released and targets mitochondria to enhance binding of mitochondria protease LONP1 with POLG and TFAM, to degrade POLG and TFAM. Then, via PINK1-Parkin axis, mitophagy is induced by POLG and TFAM degradation-initiated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication blocking. Additionally, POLG and TFAM are identified as novel prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer, and mtDNA replication-induced mitophagy blocking mediates their pro-cancer activity. Our findings reveal that the target of this liposomal platinum agent is mitochondria but not DNA (target of most platinum agents), and totally distinct mechanism of MPt and other formulations of MPt. Self-assembly offers LMPt special efficacy and mechanisms. Prominent action and characteristic mechanism make LMPt a promising cancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Pharmaceutics Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Pharmaceutics Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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15
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F AR, Quadrilatero J. Emerging role of mitophagy in myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle remodeling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:54-65. [PMID: 34924331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial turnover in the form of mitophagy is emerging as a central process in maintaining cellular function. The degradation of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy is particularly important in cells/tissues that exhibit high energy demands. Skeletal muscle is one such tissue that requires precise turnover of mitochondria in several conditions in order to optimize energy production and prevent bioenergetic crisis. For instance, the formation of skeletal muscle (i.e., myogenesis) is accompanied by robust turnover of low-functioning mitochondria to eventually allow the formation of high-functioning mitochondria. In mature skeletal muscle, alterations in mitophagy-related signaling occur during exercise, aging, and various disease states. Nonetheless, several questions regarding the direct role of mitophagy in various skeletal muscle conditions remain unknown. Furthermore, given the heterogenous nature of skeletal muscle with respect to various cellular and molecular properties, and the plasticity in these properties in various conditions, the involvement and characterization of mitophagy requires more careful consideration in this tissue. Therefore, this review will highlight the known mechanisms of mitophagy in skeletal muscle, and discuss their involvement during myogenesis and various skeletal muscle conditions. This review also provides important considerations for the accurate measurement of mitophagy and interpretation of data in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rahman F
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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16
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Salete-Granado D, Carbonell C, Puertas-Miranda D, Vega-Rodríguez VJ, García-Macia M, Herrero AB, Marcos M. Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Potential Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1425. [PMID: 37507963 PMCID: PMC10376811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol consumption triggers oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its metabolites. This process leads to steatosis and liver inflammation, which are critical for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Autophagy is a regulated dynamic process that sequesters damaged and excess cytoplasmic organelles for lysosomal degradation and may counteract the harmful effects of ROS-induced oxidative stress. These effects include hepatotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and iron overload. In liver diseases, particularly ALD, macroautophagy has been implicated as a protective mechanism in hepatocytes, although it does not appear to play the same role in stellate cells. Beyond the liver, autophagy may also mitigate the harmful effects of alcohol on other organs, thereby providing an additional layer of protection against ALD. This protective potential is further supported by studies showing that drugs that interact with autophagy, such as rapamycin, can prevent ALD development in animal models. This systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis of the literature, focusing on the role of autophagy in oxidative stress regulation, its involvement in organ-organ crosstalk relevant to ALD, and the potential of autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salete-Granado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Puertas-Miranda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Víctor-José Vega-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Stauch KL, Totusek S, Trease AJ, Estrella LD, Emanuel K, Fangmeier A, Fox HS. Longitudinal in vivo metabolic labeling reveals tissue-specific mitochondrial proteome turnover rates and proteins selectively altered by parkin deficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11414. [PMID: 37452120 PMCID: PMC10349111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study utilizes a longitudinal isotopic metabolic labeling approach in vivo in combination with organelle fraction proteomics to address the role of parkin in mitochondrial protein turnover in mice. The use of metabolic labeling provides a method to quantitatively determine the global changes in protein half-lives whilst simultaneously assessing protein expression. Studying two diverse mitochondrial populations, we demonstrated the median half-life of brain striatal synaptic mitochondrial proteins is significantly greater than that of hepatic mitochondrial proteins (25.7 vs. 3.5 days). Furthermore, loss of parkin resulted in an overall, albeit modest, increase in both mitochondrial protein abundance and half-life. Pathway and functional analysis of our proteomics data identified both known and novel pathways affected by loss of parkin that are consistent with its role in both mitochondrial quality control and neurodegeneration. Our study therefore adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting dependence on parkin is low for basal mitophagy in vivo and provides a foundation for the investigation of novel parkin targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Stauch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Totusek
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A J Trease
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L D Estrella
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A Fangmeier
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Zhang C, Chen H, Rodriguez Y, Ma X, Swerdlow RH, Zhang J, Ding WX. A perspective on autophagy and transcription factor EB in Alcohol-Associated Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115576. [PMID: 37127251 PMCID: PMC11009931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive dementia and there is no truly efficacious treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that impaired autophagic function for removal of damaged mitochondria and protein aggregates such as amyloid and tau protein aggregates may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Epidemiologic studies have implicated alcohol abuse in promoting AD, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of selective autophagy for mitochondria and protein aggregates and how these mechanisms are impaired by aging and alcohol consumption. We also discuss potential genetic and pharmacological approaches for targeting autophagy/mitophagy, as well as lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis, for the potential prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yssa Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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19
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Biswas S, Bagchi A. Analysis of the structural dynamics of the mutations in the kinase domain of PINK1 protein associated with Parkinson's disease. Gene 2023; 857:147183. [PMID: 36623675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder and is considered to be one of the most severe disorders worldwide. Mutations in some PD causing genes are responsible for the early onset of the disease. Pathogenic variants in parkin, PINK1 and DJ1 genes can cause early-onset of PD. Many PINK1 gene mutations have been reported, but not all variants are pathogenic. The gene product of PINK1, also known as PINK1 protein, has 581 amino acid residues in it. Several different mutations are present throughout the kinase domain of PINK1 protein. In this work, we used in silico approaches to analyze the different types of mutations that are distributed in the kinase domain of the PINK1 protein. Based on our results, we categorized the mutations as high, moderate and low pathogenic variants. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the pathogenic PINK1 variants to decipher their possible impacts on the structure and made a comparison with the wild type PINK1. In conclusion, we suggested the possible mechanistic roles of the pathogenic variants of PINK1 kinase domain that can affect its function. These pathogenic variants are the causative agents of early onset of PD called autosomal recessive Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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20
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Chatzinikita E, Maridaki M, Palikaras K, Koutsilieris M, Philippou A. The Role of Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Damage and Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:716. [PMID: 36899852 PMCID: PMC10000750 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that play an essential role in generating the chemical energy needed for the biochemical reactions in cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis, i.e., de novo mitochondria formation, results in enhanced cellular respiration, metabolic processes, and ATP generation, while autophagic clearance of mitochondria (mitophagy) is required to remove damaged or useless mitochondria. The balance between the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is highly regulated and crucial for the maintenance of the number and function of mitochondria as well as for the cellular homeostasis and adaptations to metabolic demands and extracellular stimuli. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria are essential for maintaining energy homeostasis, and the mitochondrial network exhibits complex behaviors and undergoes dynamic remodeling in response to various conditions and pathologies characterized by changes in muscle cell structure and metabolism, such as exercise, muscle damage, and myopathies. In particular, the involvement of mitochondrial remodeling in mediating skeletal muscle regeneration following damage has received increased attention, as modifications in mitophagy-related signals arise from exercise, while variations in mitochondrial restructuring pathways can lead to partial regeneration and impaired muscle function. Muscle regeneration (through myogenesis) following exercise-induced damage is characterized by a highly regulated, rapid turnover of poor-functioning mitochondria, permitting the synthesis of better-functioning mitochondria to occur. Nevertheless, essential aspects of mitochondrial remodeling during muscle regeneration remain poorly understood and warrant further characterization. In this review, we focus on the critical role of mitophagy for proper muscle cell regeneration following damage, highlighting the molecular mechanisms of the mitophagy-associated mitochondrial dynamics and network reformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Chatzinikita
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Maridaki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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21
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García-Beltrán O, Urrutia PJ, Núñez MT. On the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Multifunctional Compounds for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:214. [PMID: 36829773 PMCID: PMC9952574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron dyshomeostasis, increased oxidative damage and inflammation are pathognomonic features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal iron accumulation. Moreover, the existence of positive feed-back loops between these pathological components, which accelerate, and sometimes make irreversible, the neurodegenerative process, is apparent. At present, the available treatments for PD aim to relieve the symptoms, thus improving quality of life, but no treatments to stop the progression of the disease are available. Recently, the use of multifunctional compounds with the capacity to attack several of the key components of neurodegenerative processes has been proposed as a strategy to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative processes. For the treatment of PD specifically, the necessary properties of new-generation drugs should include mitochondrial destination, the center of iron-reactive oxygen species interaction, iron chelation capacity to decrease iron-mediated oxidative damage, the capacity to quench free radicals to decrease the risk of ferroptotic neuronal death, the capacity to disrupt α-synuclein aggregates and the capacity to decrease inflammatory conditions. Desirable additional characteristics are dopaminergic neurons to lessen unwanted secondary effects during long-term treatment, and the inhibition of the MAO-B and COMPT activities to increase intraneuronal dopamine content. On the basis of the published evidence, in this work, we review the molecular basis underlying the pathological events associated with PD and the clinical trials that have used single-target drugs to stop the progress of the disease. We also review the current information on multifunctional compounds that may be used for the treatment of PD and discuss the chemical characteristics that underlie their functionality. As a projection, some of these compounds or modifications could be used to treat diseases that share common pathology features with PD, such as Friedreich's ataxia, Multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Pamela J. Urrutia
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Marco T. Núñez
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800024, Chile
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22
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Guan Z, Chen J, Wang L, Hao M, Dong X, Luo T, Jiang J, Lin Z, Li X, Chen P, Yang Z, Ye X, Wang L, Xian S, Chen Z. Nuanxinkang prevents the development of myocardial infarction-induced chronic heart failure by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154494. [PMID: 36279758 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathological feature of chronic heart failure (CHF). Regulation of mitophagy can effectively maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism, thereby inhibiting the development of CHF. Nuanxinkang (NXK), a Chinese herbal compound preparation, has significant cardioprotective effects on CHF; however, its underlying mechanism on mitophagy has not been completely clarified. This research intended to investigate the mechanism of NXK in treating myocardial infarction (MI)-induced CHF. METHODS The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation surgery was performed to establish an MI-induced CHF model in male C57BL/6 mice. From 1 day after surgery, mice were given NXK (0.41, 0.82 or 1.65 g/kg/d), Perindopril (PDPL, 0.607 mg/kg/d), or an equivalent amount of sterile water by gavage for 28 continuous days. Then, mice were examined for cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial structure and mitophagy levels of cardiomyocytes, etc. In addition, a hypoxic injury model was created using HL-1 cardiomyocytes from wild-type (WT) mice. HL-1 cells were pretreated with or without NXK-containing serum. Mitochondrial function and mitophagy levels were examined in HL-1 cells. RESULTS In MI-induced CHF mice, cardiac dysfunction, severe cardiac remodeling, elevated levels of oxidative stress, reduced ATP levels, and inhibition of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy were observed. High-dose NXK treatment (1.65 g/kg/d) significantly improved myocardial energy metabolism, inhibited cardiac remodeling, improved cardiac function, and restored cardiac PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy levels to some extent in MI mice. In vitro, elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) with impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were observed in hypoxic HL-1 cells. While NXK treatment significantly protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which is consistent with the in vivo results. Further studies showed that NXK could increase PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy levels in cardiomyocytes, which could be blocked by the mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, NXK could prevent cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and improve cardiac function against MI-induced CHF by promoting Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which represents a very prospective strategy for the treatment of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoji Guan
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523005, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Tong Luo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jialin Jiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhijun Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Pinliang Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523005, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Zixin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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23
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Zhang Y, Fang Q, Wang H, Qi J, Sun S, Liao M, Wu Y, Hu Y, Jiang P, Cheng C, Qian X, Tang M, Cao W, Xiang S, Zhang C, Yang J, Gao X, Ying Z, Chai R. Increased mitophagy protects cochlear hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage. Autophagy 2023; 19:75-91. [PMID: 35471096 PMCID: PMC9809934 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2062872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides exhibit ototoxicity by damaging mitochondria, which in turn generate reactive oxygen species that induce hair cell death and subsequent hearing loss. It is well known that damaged mitochondria are degraded by mitophagy, an important mitochondrial quality control system that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and ensures cell survival. However, it is unclear whether dysregulation of mitophagy contributes to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell injury. In the current study, we found that PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy was impaired in neomycin-treated hair cells. Our data suggested that mitochondrial recruitment of PRKN and phagophore recognition of damaged mitochondria during mitophagy were blocked following neomycin treatment. In addition, the degradation of damaged mitochondria by lysosomes was significantly decreased as indicated by the mitophagic flux reporter mt-mKeima. Moreover, we demonstrated that neomycin disrupted mitophagy through transcriptional inhibition of Pink1 expression, the key initiator of mitophagy. Moreover, we found that neomycin impaired mitophagy by inducing ATF3 expression. Importantly, treatment with a mitophagy activator could rescue neomycin-treated hair cells by increasing mitophagy, indicating that genetic modulation or drug intervention in mitophagy may have therapeutic potential for aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; ABR: auditory brainstem response; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; ATOH1/MATH1: atonal bHLH transcription factor 1; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; COX4I1/COXIV: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; CTBP2/RIBEYE: C-terminal binding protein 2; DFP: deferiprone; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; GRIA2/GLUR2: glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2); HC: hair cell; HSPD1/HSP60: heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin); IHC: inner hair cell; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MYO7A: myosin VIIA; OPTN: optineurin; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TOMM20/TOM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling; USP30: ubiquitin specific peptidase 30; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated, Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shang Xiang
- High School Affiliated To Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated, Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Jianming Yang Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Xia Gao Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Zheng Ying Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China,CONTACT Renjie Chai State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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24
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Hayashida R, Kikuchi R, Imai K, Kojima W, Yamada T, Iijima M, Sesaki H, Tanaka K, Matsuda N, Yamano K. Elucidation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes that interact with RBR-type ubiquitin ligases using a liquid-liquid phase separation-based method. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102822. [PMID: 36563856 PMCID: PMC9860496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RING-between RING (RBR)-type ubiquitin (Ub) ligases (E3s) such as Parkin receive Ub from Ub-conjugating enzymes (E2s) in response to ligase activation. However, the specific E2s that transfer Ub to each RBR-type ligase are largely unknown because of insufficient methods for monitoring their interaction. To address this problem, we have developed a method that detects intracellular interactions between E2s and activated Parkin. Fluorescent homotetramer Azami-Green fused with E2 and oligomeric Ash (Assembly helper) fused with Parkin form a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells only when E2 and Parkin interact. Using this method, we identified multiple E2s interacting with activated Parkin on damaged mitochondria during mitophagy. Combined with in vitro ubiquitination assays and bioinformatics, these findings revealed an underlying consensus sequence for E2 interactions with activated Parkin. Application of this method to other RBR-type E3s including HOIP, HHARI, and TRIAD1 revealed that HOIP forms an LLPS with its substrate NEMO in response to a proinflammatory cytokine and that HHARI and TRIAD1 form a cytosolic LLPS independent of Ub-like protein NEDD8. Since an E2-E3 interaction is a prerequisite for RBR-type E3 activation and subsequent substrate ubiquitination, the method we have established here can be an in-cell tool to elucidate the potentially novel mechanisms involved in RBR-type E3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashida
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reika Kikuchi
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Waka Kojima
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Protein Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamano
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Chen J, Simmen T. LUBAC and NF-κB trigger a nuclear response from mitochondria. EMBO J 2022; 41:e112920. [PMID: 36398765 PMCID: PMC9753448 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key signaling hubs for innate immune responses. In this issue, Wu et al (2022) report that remodeling of the outer mitochondrial membrane by the linear ubiquiting chain assembly complex (LUBAC) facilitates transport of activated NF-κB to the nucleus in response to TNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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26
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Genetic Study of Early Onset Parkinson's Disease in Cyprus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315369. [PMID: 36499697 PMCID: PMC9739936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The etiology of PD remains unclear. However, several studies have demonstrated the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in PD. Early-onset PD (EOPD) is a subgroup of PD diagnosed between the ages of 21 and 50. Population genetic studies have demonstrated great genetic variability amongst EOPD patients. Hence, this study aimed to obtain a genetic landscape of EOPD in the Cypriot population. Greek-Cypriot EOPD patients (n = 48) were screened for variants in the six most common EOPD-associated genes (PINK1, PRKN, FBXO7, SNCA, PLA2G6, and DJ-1). This included DNA sequencing and Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). One previously described frameshift variant in PINK1 (NM_032409.3:c.889del) was detected in five patients (10.4%)-the largest number to be detected to date. Copy number variations in the PRKN gene were identified in one homozygous and 3 compound heterozygous patients (8.3%). To date, the pathogenic variants identified in this study have explained the PD phenotype for 18.8% of the EOPD cases. The results of this study may contribute to the genetic screening of EOPD in Cyprus.
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27
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Fiesel FC, Fričová D, Hayes CS, Coban MA, Hudec R, Bredenberg JM, Broadway BJ, Markham BN, Yan T, Boneski PK, Fiorino G, Watzlawik JO, Hou X, McCarty AM, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Zhong J, Madden BJ, Ordureau A, An H, Puschmann A, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA, Harper JW, Caulfield TR, Springer W. Substitution of PINK1 Gly411 modulates substrate receptivity and turnover. Autophagy 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36469690 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2151294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub) kinase-ligase pair PINK1-PRKN mediates the degradation of damaged mitochondria by macroautophagy/autophagy (mitophagy). PINK1 surveils mitochondria and upon stress accumulates on the mitochondrial surface where it phosphorylates serine 65 of Ub to activate PRKN and to drive mitochondrial turnover. While loss of either PINK1 or PRKN is genetically linked to Parkinson disease (PD) and activating the pathway seems to have great therapeutic potential, there is no formal proof that stimulation of mitophagy is always beneficial. Here we used biochemical and cell biological methods to study single nucleotide variants in the activation loop of PINK1 to modulate the enzymatic function of this kinase. Structural modeling and in vitro kinase assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of the PINK1 variants. In contrast to the PD-linked PINK1G411S mutation that diminishes Ub kinase activity, we found that the PINK1G411A variant significantly boosted Ub phosphorylation beyond levels of PINK1 wild type. This resulted in augmented PRKN activation, mitophagy rates and increased viability after mitochondrial stress in midbrain-derived, gene-edited neurons. Mechanistically, the G411A variant stabilizes the kinase fold of PINK1 and transforms Ub to adopt the preferred, C-terminally retracted conformation for improved substrate turnover. In summary, we identify a critical role of residue 411 for substrate receptivity that may now be exploited for drug discovery to increase the enzymatic function of PINK1. The genetic substitution of Gly411 to Ala increases mitophagy and may be useful to confirm neuroprotection in vivo and might serve as a critical positive control during therapeutic development.Abbreviations: ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; Ub-CR: ubiquitin with C-terminally retracted tail; CTD: C-terminal domain (of PINK1); ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HCI: high-content imaging; IB: immunoblot; IF: immunofluorescence; NPC: neuronal precursor cells; MDS: molecular dynamics simulation; PD: Parkinson disease; p-S65-Ub: ubiquitin phosphorylated at Ser65; RMSF: root mean scare fluctuation; TOMM: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane; TVLN: ubiquitin with T66V and L67N mutation, mimics Ub-CR; Ub: ubiquitin; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne C Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Caleb S Hayes
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mathew A Coban
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Roman Hudec
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tingxiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Paige K Boneski
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gabriella Fiorino
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Xu Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Laura J Lewis-Tuffin
- Cytometry and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin J Madden
- Proteomics Core, Medical Genome Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heeseon An
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Department of Neurology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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28
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Ajoolabady A, Chiong M, Lavandero S, Klionsky DJ, Ren J. Mitophagy in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis, and treatment. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:836-849. [PMID: 35879138 PMCID: PMC9509460 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is an urgent need to explore non-conventional therapeutic measures to alleviate the burden of CVD on global healthcare. Mitochondrial injury plays a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are essential machineries that govern mitochondrial health in cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathophysiological settings. However, with the onset and progression of CVD, homeostasis of mitophagy is disturbed through largely unknown pathological mechanisms, causing mitochondrial damage and ultimately cardiomyocyte death. In this review we decipher the dual regulatory role of mitophagy in CVD pathogenesis, summarize controversies in mitophagy, and highlight recently identified compounds capable of modulating mitophagy. We share our perspectives on future mitophagy research directions in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mario Chiong
- Center for Advanced Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Center for Advanced Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Xu Y, Li Y. Regulatory effect of PINK1/Parkin axis on mitophagy in isoniazide-induced hepatocellular injury. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:1200-1207. [PMID: 36411703 PMCID: PMC10930319 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with tuberculosis, who are treated with long-term high-dose combined use of anti-tuberculosis drugs, can cause many adverse reactions such as liver damage, but the mechanism is still unclear. Although phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin axis might participate in the process of liver damage through regulating mitochondrial autophagy and oxidative stress in liver cells. However, the association between the mitochondrial autophagy regulated by the PINK1/Parkin axis and the liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs is unknown. This study aims to explore the mechanism of PINK1/Parkin signal axis in regulating hepatocellular injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs through mitochondrial autophagy, and to provide new therapeutic targets for the patients with liver damage caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. METHODS Mouse hepatocytes AML-12 were treated with isoniazide (INH) to induce liver injury. The mRNA and protein levels of PINK1, Parkin and autophagy associated factors were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting in the normal AML-12 cells (control group), the AML-12 cells treated by INH (model group) and the AML-12 cells treated with INH and salidroside together (intervention group). Meantime, ELISA kit was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AML-12 cells, and the cell morphology and injury was observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS Compared with the control group, the mRNA (all P <0.01) and protein levels (all P <0.05) of PINK1, Parkin and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) were significantly decreased, the ubiquitination level was significantly decreased ( P <0.05), and the ROS level was increased ( P <0.05), and the hepatocellular cell showed obvious damage in the model group. Compared with the model group, the expression of PINK1, Parkin and LC3 were significantly increased in the intervention group (all P <0.05), as well as the ubiquitination level was also increased ( P <0.05). The ROS level mediated by mitochondria was decreased ( P <0.05). The results of HE staining and TEM showed that the cell status was improved and the damage of hepatocytes was significantly attenuated. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin signal axis may be related to INH-induced injury in liver cells and it can regulate the damage state in vitro, indicating that Parkin is a potential molecular target for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment for liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Department of Infection, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Infection, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Systematic Functional Analysis of PINK1 and PRKN Coding Variants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152426. [PMID: 35954270 PMCID: PMC9367835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of either PINK1 or PRKN causes an early onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) phenotype. Functionally, PINK1 and PRKN work together to mediate stress-activated mitochondrial quality control. Upon mitochondrial damage, PINK1, a ubiquitin kinase and PRKN, a ubiquitin ligase, decorate damaged organelles with phosphorylated ubiquitin for sequestration and degradation in lysosomes, a process known as mitophagy. While several genetic mutations are established to result in loss of mitophagy function, many others have not been extensively characterized and are of unknown significance. Here, we analyzed a set of twenty variants, ten in each gene, focusing on understudied variants mostly from the Parkinson’s progressive marker initiative, with sensitive assays to define potential functional deficits. Our results nominate specific rare genetic PINK1 and PRKN variants that cause loss of enzymatic function in line with a potential causative role for PD. Additionally, we identify several variants with intermediate phenotypes and follow up on two of them by gene editing midbrain-derived neuronal precursor cells. Thereof derived isogenic neurons show a stability defect of the rare PINK1 D525N mutation, while the common PINK1 Q115L substitution results in reduced kinase activity. Our strategy to analyze variants with sensitive functional readouts will help aid diagnostics and disease treatment in line with current genomic and therapeutic advances.
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Chen L, Shen Y, Xiong H, Guan Z, Si Y, Liang H, Zhu W, Cai Q. Role of PGC-1α in fiber type conversion in the palatopharyngeus muscle of OSA patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24551. [PMID: 35692078 PMCID: PMC9279980 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high incidence and is harmful to health. It is characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway. However, the mechanism underlying upper airway collapse is unclear. Methods Patients with OSA and chronic tonsillitis were studied. Pathological changes in palatopharyngeus muscle were detected. The expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ co‐activator‐1α (PGC‐1α) and nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1) in muscles was detected by PCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of type I and type II myofibril. Results The structure of the palatopharyngeus muscle was changed, and the expression of PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 was decreased in the OSA group compared with that in the control group. The expression of PGC‐1α, NRF‐1, and type I myofibril in C2C12 myoblasts was decreased by intermittent hypoxia exposure. The expression of type I myofibril was decreased when knocking down PGC‐1α. Conclusion OSA patients exhibited pathological damage in palatopharyngeus muscle. PGC‐1α was involved in the fiber type conversion in palatopharyngeus muscle caused by intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Yongqing Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Yu Si
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
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Abstract
Autophagy is an important life phenomenon in eukaryotic cells. Its main role is to remove and degrade its damaged organelles and excess biological macromolecules, and use degradation products to provide energy and rebuild the cell structure, playing an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis and cell life activities. Mitophagy is a form of macroautophagy. It has the beneficial effect of eliminating damaged mitochondria, thereby maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial pool. Autophagy and mitophagy have a dual role in the development of cancer. On one hand, autophagy and mitophagy can maintain the normal physiological function of cells. On the other hand, excessive autophagy and mitophagy can lead to diseases. The present review introduces the mechanisms of autophagy and mitophagy, and the main related proteins, and introduce the correlation with cancers, providing a basis for the treatment of cancers through the understanding of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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Mitochondrial Quality and Quantity Control: Mitophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3110-3123. [PMID: 35266113 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability, which seriously affects the health and lives of people around the world. Effective treatment for ischemic stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in the occurrence, development, and pathological processes of ischemic stroke. Therefore, strict control of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as mitophagy is beneficial to the survival and normal function maintenance of neurons. Under certain circumstances, excessive mitophagy also could induce cell death. This review discusses the dynamic changes and double-edged roles of mitochondria and related signaling pathways of mitophagy in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we focus on the possibility of modulating mitophagy as a potential therapy for the prevention and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Notably, we reviewed recent advances in the studies of natural compounds, which could modulate mitophagy and exhibit neuroprotective effects, and discussed their potential application in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Zhang X, Huo C, Liu Y, Su R, Zhao Y, Li Y. Mechanism and Disease Association With a Ubiquitin Conjugating E2 Enzyme: UBE2L3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793610. [PMID: 35265070 PMCID: PMC8899012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 is an important component of the post-translational protein ubiquitination pathway, which mediates the transfer of activated ubiquitin to substrate proteins. UBE2L3, also called UBcH7, is one of many E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes that participate in the ubiquitination of many substrate proteins and regulate many signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB, GSK3β/p65, and DSB repair pathways. Studies on UBE2L3 have found that it has an abnormal expression in many diseases, mainly immune diseases, tumors and Parkinson's disease. It can also promote the occurrence and development of these diseases. Resultantly, UBE2L3 may become an important target for some diseases. Herein, we review the structure of UBE2L3, and its mechanism in diseases, as well as diseases related to UBE2L3 and discuss the related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiliang Su
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Neill T, Iozzo RV. The Role of Decorin Proteoglycan in Mitophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:804. [PMID: 35159071 PMCID: PMC8834502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are emerging as critical regulators of intracellular catabolism. This rise in prominence has transformed our basic understanding and alerted us to the existence of non-canonical pathways, independent of nutrient deprivation, that potently control the autophagy downstream of a cell surface receptor. As a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, decorin has single-handedly pioneered the connection between extracellular matrix signaling and autophagy regulation. Soluble decorin evokes protracted endothelial cell autophagy via Peg3 and breast carcinoma cell mitophagy via mitostatin by interacting with VEGFR2 or the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. In this paper, we give a mechanistic perspective of the vital factors underlying the nutrient-independent, SLRP-dependent programs utilized for autophagic and/or mitophagic progression in breast cancer. Future protein therapies based on decorin (or fellow proteoglycan members) will represent a quantum leap forward in transforming autophagic progression into a powerful tool to control intracellular cell catabolism from the outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Lan J, Tang L, Wu S, Huang R, Zhong G, Jiang X, Tang Z, Hu L. Curcumin alleviates arsenic-induced injury in duck skeletal muscle via regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway and protecting mitochondrial function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115820. [PMID: 34896432 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known environmental pollutant due to its toxicity, which can do harm to animals and human. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, commonly accepted to have antioxidant properties. However, whether curcumin can ameliorate the damage caused by arsenic trioxide (ATO) in duck skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of curcumin against ATO-induced skeletal muscle injury. The results showed that treating with curcumin could attenuate body weight loss induced by ATO and reduced arsenic content accumulation in the skeletal muscle of duck. Curcumin was also able to alleviated the oxidative stress triggered by ATO, which was manifested by the increase of T-AOC and SOD, and MDA decrease. Moreover, we observed that curcumin could ease mitochondrial damage and vacuolate degeneration of nucleus. Our further investigation found that ATO disrupted normal mitochondrial fission/fusion (Drp1, OPA1, Mfn1/2) and restrained mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, Nrf1/2, TFAM), while curcumin could promote mitochondrial fusion and activated PGC-1α pathway. Furthermore, curcumin was found that it could not only reduce the mRNA and protein levels of mitophagy (PINK1, Parkin, LC3, p62) and pro-apoptotic genes (p53, Bax, Caspase-3, Cytc), but also increased the levels of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2). In conclusion, curcumin was able to alleviate ATO-induced skeletal muscle damage by improving mitophagy and preserving mitochondrial function, which can serve as a novel strategy to take precautions against ATO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lixuan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Tang Y, Wang L, Yi T, Xu J, Wang J, Qin JJ, Chen Q, Yip KM, Pan Y, Hong P, Lu Y, Shen HM, Chen HB. Synergistic effects of autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors and magnolol promote apoptosis and antitumor efficacy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3966-3982. [PMID: 35024319 PMCID: PMC8727919 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria as a signaling platform play crucial roles in deciding cell fate. Many classic anticancer agents are known to trigger cell death through induction of mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, one selective autophagy, is the key mitochondrial quality control that effectively removes damaged mitochondria. However, the precise roles of mitophagy in tumorigenesis and anticancer agent treatment remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the functional implication of mitophagy in the anticancer properties of magnolol, a natural product isolated from herbal Magnolia officinalis. First, we found that magnolol induces mitochondrial depolarization, causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Second, magnolol induces PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1)‒Parkin-mediated mitophagy through regulating two positive feedforward amplification loops. Third, magnolol triggers cancer cell death and inhibits neuroblastoma tumor growth via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, magnolol prolongs the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, inhibition of mitophagy by PINK1/Parkin knockdown or using inhibitors targeting different autophagy/mitophagy stages significantly promotes magnolol-induced cell death and enhances magnolol's anticancer efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our study demonstrates that magnolol can induce autophagy/mitophagy and apoptosis, whereas blockage of autophagy/mitophagy remarkably enhances the anticancer efficacy of magnolol, suggesting that targeting mitophagy may be a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Qilei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ka-Man Yip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Department of Medical Research, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Peng Hong
- Department of Medical Research, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +852 93590902.
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +852 93590902.
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +852 93590902.
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Zhang H, Yan J, Xie Y, Chang X, Li J, Ren C, Zhu J, Ren L, Qi K, Bai Z, Li X. Dual role of cadmium in rat liver: Inducing liver injury and inhibiting the progression of early liver cancer. Toxicol Lett 2021; 355:62-81. [PMID: 34785185 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) can induce damage in liver and liver cancer cells; however, the mechanism underlying its toxicity needs to be further verified in vivo. We daily administered CdCl2 to adult male rats at different dosages via gavage for 12 weeks and established rat liver injury model and liver cancer model to study the dual role of Cd in rat liver. Increased exposure to Cd resulted in abnormal liver function indicators, pathological degeneration, rat liver cell necrosis, and proliferation of collagen fibres. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that the area of GST-P-positive precancerous liver lesions decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that Cd induced mitophagy, as well as mitophagy blockade, as evidenced by the downregulation of TOMM20 and upregulation of LC3II and P62 with increasing Cd dose. Next, the expression of PINK1/Parkin, a classic signalling pathway protein that regulates mitophagy, was examined. Cd was found to promote PINK1/Parkin expression, which was proportional to the Cd dose. In conclusion, Cd activates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Mitophagy blockade likely aggravates Cd toxicity, leading to the dual role of inducing liver injury and inhibiting the progression of early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Donggang District, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Qi
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
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The zinc transporter ZIP7 (Slc39a7) controls myocardial reperfusion injury by regulating mitophagy. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:54. [PMID: 34581906 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whereas elimination of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy is proposed to be cardioprotective, the regulation of mitophagy at reperfusion and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Since mitochondrial Zn2+ may control mitophagy by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), we hypothesized that the zinc transporter ZIP7 that controls Zn2+ levels within mitochondria would contribute to reperfusion injury by regulating mitophagy. Mouse hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. Mitophagy was evaluated by detecting mitoLC3II, mito-Keima, and mitoQC. ROS were measured with DHE and mitoB. Infarct size was measured with TTC staining. The cardiac-specific ZIP7 conditional knockout mice (ZIP7 cKO) were generated by adopting the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Human heart samples were obtained from donors and recipients of heart transplant surgeries. KO or cKO of ZIP7 increased mitophagy under physiological conditions. Mitophagy was not activated at the early stage of reperfusion in mouse hearts. ZIP7 is upregulated at reperfusion and ZIP7 cKO enhanced mitophagy upon reperfusion. cKO of ZIP7 led to mitochondrial depolarization by increasing mitochondrial Zn2+ and, accumulation of PINK1 and Parkin in mitochondria, suggesting that the decrease in mitochondrial Zn2+ in response to ZIP7 upregulation resulting in mitochondrial hyperpolarization may impede PINK1 and Parkin accumulation in mitochondria. Notably, ZIP7 is markedly upregulated in cardiac mitochondria from patients with heart failure (HF), whereas mitochondrial PINK1 accumulation and mitophagy were suppressed. Furthermore, ZIP7 cKO reduced mitochondrial ROS generation and myocardial infarction via a PINK1-dependet manner, whereas overexpression of ZIP7 exacerbated myocardial infarction. Our findings identify upregulation of ZIP7 leading to suppression of mitophagy as a critical feature of myocardial reperfusion injury. A timely suppression of cardiac ZIP7 upregulation or inactivation of ZIP7 is essential for the treatment of reperfusion injury.
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Agarwal E, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Ghosh JC, Languino LR, Vaira V, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. A cancer ubiquitome landscape identifies metabolic reprogramming as target of Parkin tumor suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabg7287. [PMID: 34433563 PMCID: PMC8386929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in metabolism that affect mitochondrial and glycolytic networks are hallmarks of cancer, but their impact in disease is still elusive. Using global proteomics and ubiquitome screens, we now show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and key effector of mitophagy altered in Parkinson's disease, shuts off mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. This blocks tumor cell movements, creates metabolic and oxidative stress, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth. Uniformly down-regulated in cancer patients, Parkin tumor suppression requires its E3 ligase function, is reversed by antioxidants, and is independent of mitophagy. These data demonstrate that cancer metabolic networks are potent oncogenes directly targeted by endogenous tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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Guo S, Wang X, Wang L, Cheng G, Zhang M, Xing Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu J. Inflammatory injury and mitophagy of the brain in chicken exposed to Cr(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42353-42361. [PMID: 33813707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether Cr(VI) can induce inflammatory injury in chicken brain and influence mitophagy and related mechanisms. A total of 120 hyline brown chickens (1 day old, 20±3g) were selected and randomly divided into four groups and given different doses of Cr(VI) (0, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) every day at 45 days. Results showed that excessive intake of Cr(VI) led to increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and decreased interferon-gamma (IF-γ) level. Cr(VI) increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chicken brain cells, causing the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and formation of autophagosomes for mitophagy. In addition, Cr(VI) promoted the translocation of Parkin to the mitochondrial outer membrane, increased LC3-II protein level, and inhibited p62 and TOM20 protein expression. In conclusion, excessive Cr(VI) intake can induce inflammatory injury and mitophagy in chicken brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Lei L, Yang S, Lu X, Zhang Y, Li T. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Mitochondrial Autophagy in Cerebral Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:698601. [PMID: 34335233 PMCID: PMC8319822 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.698601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy is an early defense and protection process that selectively clears dysfunctional or excessive mitochondria through a distinctive mechanism to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral stroke involves metabolic disbalance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and abnormal mitochondrial autophagy. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy in ischemic stroke to provide a theoretical basis for further research on mitochondrial autophagy and the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Shuaifeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, China
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Nrf2 activation induces mitophagy and reverses Parkin/Pink1 knock down-mediated neuronal and muscle degeneration phenotypes. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:671. [PMID: 34218254 PMCID: PMC8254809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The balanced functionality of cellular proteostatic modules is central to both proteome stability and mitochondrial physiology; thus, the age-related decline of proteostasis also triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, which marks multiple degenerative disorders. Non-functional mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, including Parkin/Pink1-mediated mitophagy. A common feature of neuronal or muscle degenerative diseases, is the accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to disrupted mitophagy rates. Here, we exploit Drosophila as a model organism to investigate the functional role of Parkin/Pink1 in regulating mitophagy and proteostatic responses, as well as in suppressing degenerative phenotypes at the whole organism level. We found that Parkin or Pink1 knock down in young flies modulated proteostatic components in a tissue-dependent manner, increased cell oxidative load, and suppressed mitophagy in neuronal and muscle tissues, causing mitochondrial aggregation and neuromuscular degeneration. Concomitant to Parkin or Pink1 knock down cncC/Nrf2 overexpression, induced the proteostasis network, suppressed oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial function, and elevated mitophagy rates in flies' tissues; it also, largely rescued Parkin or Pink1 knock down-mediated neuromuscular degenerative phenotypes. Our in vivo findings highlight the critical role of the Parkin/Pink1 pathway in mitophagy, and support the therapeutic potency of Nrf2 (a druggable pathway) activation in age-related degenerative diseases.
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Rahman FA, Quadrilatero J. Mitochondrial network remodeling: an important feature of myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4653-4675. [PMID: 33751143 PMCID: PMC11072563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the mitochondrial network is a critical process in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is intimately related to mitochondrial function. The interplay between the formation of new mitochondria (biogenesis) and the removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) provide a means for the repopulation of the mitochondrial network. Additionally, mitochondrial fission and fusion serve as a bridge between biogenesis and mitophagy. In recent years, the importance of these processes has been characterised in multiple tissue- and cell-types, and under various conditions. In skeletal muscle, the robust remodeling of the mitochondrial network is observed, particularly after injury where large portions of the tissue/cell structures are damaged. The significance of mitochondrial remodeling in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration has been widely studied, with alterations in mitochondrial remodeling processes leading to incomplete regeneration and impaired skeletal muscle function. Needless to say, important questions related to mitochondrial remodeling and skeletal muscle regeneration still remain unanswered and require further investigation. Therefore, this review will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial network remodeling, as well as integrate these mechanisms and discuss their relevance in myogenesis and regenerating skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ahmad Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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46
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Common Principles and Specific Mechanisms of Mitophagy from Yeast to Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094363. [PMID: 33922020 PMCID: PMC8122514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells essential to a variety of cellular functions including energy conversion and ATP production, iron-sulfur biogenesis, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and regulating apoptosis and stress responses. Mitochondrial dysfunction is mechanistically linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ageing. Excessive and dysfunctional/damaged mitochondria are degraded by selective autophagic pathways known as mitophagy. Both budding yeast and mammals use the well-conserved machinery of core autophagy-related genes (ATGs) to execute and regulate mitophagy. In mammalian cells, the PINK1-PARKIN mitophagy pathway is a well-studied pathway that senses dysfunctional mitochondria and marks them for degradation in the lysosome. PINK1-PARKIN mediated mitophagy relies on ubiquitin-binding mitophagy adaptors that are non-ATG proteins. Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are linked to Parkinson´s disease (PD) in humans, and defective mitophagy is proposed to be a main pathomechanism. Despite the common view that yeast cells lack PINK1- and PARKIN-homologs and that mitophagy in yeast is solely regulated by receptor-mediated mitophagy, some studies suggest that a ubiquitination-dependent mitophagy pathway also exists. Here, we will discuss shared mechanisms between mammals and yeast, how mitophagy in the latter is regulated in a ubiquitin-dependent and -independent manner, and why these pathways are essential for yeast cell survival and fitness under various physiological stress conditions.
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Gottlieb RA, Piplani H, Sin J, Sawaged S, Hamid SM, Taylor DJ, de Freitas Germano J. At the heart of mitochondrial quality control: many roads to the top. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3791-3801. [PMID: 33544154 PMCID: PMC8106602 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control depends upon selective elimination of damaged mitochondria, replacement by mitochondrial biogenesis, redistribution of mitochondrial components across the network by fusion, and segregation of damaged mitochondria by fission prior to mitophagy. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission), mitophagy, and other mechanisms supporting mitochondrial quality control including maintenance of mtDNA and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, particularly in the context of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Gottlieb
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Honit Piplani
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jon Sin
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Savannah Sawaged
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Syed M Hamid
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - David J Taylor
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Juliana de Freitas Germano
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP9313, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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Onishi M, Okamoto K. Mitochondrial clearance: mechanisms and roles in cellular fitness. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1239-1263. [PMID: 33615465 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is one of the selective autophagy pathways that catabolizes dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria. Under mitophagy-inducing conditions, mitochondria are labeled with specific molecular landmarks that recruit the autophagy machinery to the surface of mitochondria, enclosed into autophagosomes, and delivered to lysosomes (vacuoles in yeast) for degradation. As damaged mitochondria are the major sources of reactive oxygen species, mitophagy is critical for mitochondrial quality control and cellular health. Moreover, appropriate control of mitochondrial quantity via mitophagy is vital for the energy supply-demand balance in cells and whole organisms, cell differentiation, and developmental programs. Thus, it seems conceivable that defects in mitophagy could elicit pleiotropic pathologies such as excess inflammation, tissue injury, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we will focus on the molecular basis and physiological relevance of mitophagy, and potential of mitophagy as a therapeutic target to overcome such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashun Onishi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Onishi M, Yamano K, Sato M, Matsuda N, Okamoto K. Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of mitophagy. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104705. [PMID: 33438778 PMCID: PMC7849173 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Mitophagy is promoted via specific mitochondrial outer membrane receptors, or ubiquitin molecules conjugated to proteins on the mitochondrial surface leading to the formation of autophagosomes surrounding mitochondria. Mitophagy-mediated elimination of mitochondria plays an important role in many processes including early embryonic development, cell differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent advances in analyzing mitophagy in vivo also reveal high rates of steady-state mitochondrial turnover in diverse cell types, highlighting the intracellular housekeeping role of mitophagy. Defects in mitophagy are associated with various pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, heart failure, cancer, and aging, further underscoring the biological relevance. Here, we review our current molecular understanding of mitophagy, and its physiological implications, and discuss how multiple mitophagy pathways coordinately modulate mitochondrial fitness and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashun Onishi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Koji Yamano
- The Ubiquitin ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Miyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane BiologyInstitute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- The Ubiquitin ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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50
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Medala VK, Gollapelli B, Dewanjee S, Ogunmokun G, Kandimalla R, Vallamkondu J. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and role of dynamin-related protein 1 in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1120-1135. [PMID: 33465841 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and progressive neurodegenerative disease. The presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated Tau tangles are considered to be the two main hallmarks of AD. Recent findings have shown that different changes in the structure and dynamics of mitochondria play an important role in AD pathology progression. Mitochondrial changes in AD are expressed as enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and changes in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, targeting mitochondria and associated mitochondrial proteins seems to be a promising alternative instead of targeting Aβ and Tau in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The dynamin-related protein (Drp1) is one such protein that plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial division and maintenance of mitochondrial structures. Few researchers have shown that inhibition of Drp1 GTPase activity in neuronal cells rescues excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, the growing evidence revealed that Drp1 can interact with both Aβ and Tau protein in human brain tissues and mouse models. In this review, we would like to update existing knowledge about various changes in and around mitochondria related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, with particular emphasis on mitophagy and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buchaiah Gollapelli
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India
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