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Jatana S, Abbadi A, West GA, Ponti AK, Braga-Neto MB, Smith JL, Marino-Melendez A, Willard B, Nagy LE, Motte CDL. Hyperglycemic environments directly compromise intestinal epithelial barrier function in an organoid model and hyaluronan (∼35kDa) protects via a layilin dependent mechanism. Matrix Biol 2024:S0945-053X(24)00109-4. [PMID: 39187208 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and diabetes in obese individuals are strong risk factors for development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms of low-grade metabolic inflammation, including chronic hyperglycemic stress, in disrupting gut homeostasis are poorly understood. In this study, we sought to understand the impact of a hyperglycemic environment on intestinal barrier integrity and the protective effects of small molecular weight (35 kDa) hyaluronan on epithelial barrier function. METHODS Intestinal organoids derived from mouse colon were grown in normal glucose media (5 mM) or high glucose media (25 mM) to study the impact of hyperglycemic stress on the intestinal barrier. Additionally, organoids were pretreated with 35 kDa hyaluronan (HA35) to investigate the effect of hyaluronan on epithelial barrier under high glucose stress. Immunoblotting as well as confocal imaging was used to understand changes in barrier proteins, quantitative as well as spatial distribution, respectively. Alterations in barrier function were measured using trans-epithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate flux assays. Untargeted proteomics analysis was performed to elucidate mechanisms by which HA35 exerts a protective effect on the barrier. Intestinal organoids derived from receptor knockout mice specific to various HA receptors were utilized to understand the role of HA receptors in barrier protection under high glucose conditions. RESULTS We found that high glucose stress decreased the protein expression as well as spatial distribution of two key barrier proteins, zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. HA35 prevented the degradation or loss of ZO-1 and maintained the spatial distribution of both ZO-1 and occludin under hyperglycemic stress. Functionally, we also observed a protective effect of HA35 on the epithelial barrier under high glucose conditions. We found that HA receptor, layilin, was involved in preventing barrier protein loss (ZO-1) as well as maintaining spatial distribution of ZO-1 and occludin. Additionally, proteomics analysis showed that cell death and survival was the primary pathway upregulated in organoids treated with HA35 under high glucose stress. We found that XIAP associated factor 1 (Xaf1) was modulated by HA35 thereby regulating apoptotic cell death in the intestinal organoid system. Finally, we observed that spatial organization of both focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as well as F-actin was mediated by HA35 via layilin. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the impact of hyperglycemic stress on the intestinal barrier function. This is of clinical relevance, as impaired barrier function has been observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, we demonstrate barrier protective effects of HA35 through its receptor layilin and modulation of cellular apoptosis under high glucose stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jatana
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
| | - Amina Abbadi
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Gail A West
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - András K Ponti
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Manuel B Braga-Neto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jordyn L Smith
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
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Eckert JV, Moshal KS, Burge K, Wilson A, Chaaban H. Endogenous Hyaluronan Promotes Intestinal Homeostasis and Protects against Murine Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Cells 2024; 13:1179. [PMID: 39056761 PMCID: PMC11274784 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complex, multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder predominantly affecting preterm infants. The pathogenesis of this condition involves a complex interplay between intestinal barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and an altered immune response. This study investigates the potential role of endogenous hyaluronan (HA) in both the early phases of intestinal development and in the context of NEC-like intestinal injury. We treated neonatal CD-1 mouse pups with PEP1, a peptide inhibiting HA receptor interactions, from postnatal days 8 to 12. We evaluated postnatal intestinal developmental indicators, such as villi length, crypt depth, epithelial cell proliferation, crypt fission, and differentiation of goblet and Paneth cells, in PEP1-treated animals compared with those treated with scrambled peptide. PEP1 treatment significantly impaired intestinal development, as evidenced by reductions in villi length, crypt depth, and epithelial cell proliferation, along with a decrease in crypt fission activity. These deficits in PEP1-treated animals correlated with increased susceptibility to NEC-like injuries, including higher mortality rates, and worsened histological intestinal injury. These findings highlight the role of endogenous HA in supporting intestinal development and protecting against NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.V.E.); (K.S.M.); (K.B.); (A.W.)
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3
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Chaaban H, Burge K, McElroy SJ. Evolutionary bridges: how factors present in amniotic fluid and human milk help mature the gut. J Perinatol 2024:10.1038/s41372-024-02026-x. [PMID: 38844520 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-02026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. As modern medicine significantly improves the survival of extremely premature infants, the persistence of NEC underscores our limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Due to early delivery, a preterm infant's exposure to amniotic fluid (AF) is abruptly truncated. Replete with bioactive molecules, AF plays an important role in fetal intestinal maturation and preparation for contact with the environment, thus its absence during development of the intestine may contribute to increased susceptibility to NEC. Human milk (HM), particularly during the initial phases of lactation, is a cornerstone of neonatal intestinal defense. The concentrations and activities of several bioactive factors in HM parallel those of AF, suggesting continuity of protection. In this review, we discuss the predominant overlapping bioactive components of HM and AF, with an emphasis on those associated with intestinal growth or reduction of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Steven J McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Gantumur MA, Jia X, Hui JH, Barber C, Wan L, Furenlid LR, Martin DR, Hui M, Liu Z. Characterization, Bioactivity, and Biodistribution of 35 kDa Hyaluronan Fragment. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:97. [PMID: 38255712 PMCID: PMC10817694 DOI: 10.3390/life14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that hyaluronic acid (HA) with a 35 kDa molecular weight (HA35) acts biologically to protect tissue from injury, but its biological properties are not yet fully characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the cellular effects and biodistribution of HA35 compared to HA with a 1600 kDa molecular weight (HA1600). We assessed the effects of HA35 and HA1600 on cell migration, NO and ROS generation, and gene expression in cultured macrophages, microglia, and lymphocytes. HA35 was separately radiolabeled with 99mTc and 125I and administered to C57BL/6J mice for in vivo biodistribution imaging. In vitro studies indicated that HA35 and HA1600 similarly enhanced cell migration through HA receptor binding mechanisms, reduced the generation of NO and ROS, and upregulated gene expression profiles related to cell signaling pathways in immune cells. HA35 showed a more pronounced effect in regulating a broader range of genes in macrophages and microglia than HA1600. Upon intradermal or intravenous administration, radiolabeled HA35 rapidly accumulated in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. In conclusion, HA35 not only exhibits effects on cellular bioactivity comparable to those of HA1600 but also exerts biological effects on a broader range of immune cell gene expression. The findings herein offer valuable insights for further research into the therapeutic potential of HA35 in inflammation-mediated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkh-Amgalan Gantumur
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.-A.G.); (X.J.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.-A.G.); (X.J.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jessica H. Hui
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.-A.G.); (X.J.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (C.B.); (L.W.); (L.R.F.)
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (C.B.); (L.W.); (L.R.F.)
| | - Lars R. Furenlid
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (C.B.); (L.W.); (L.R.F.)
| | - Diego R. Martin
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Mizhou Hui
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (M.-A.G.); (X.J.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Traserra S, Cuerda H, Vallejo A, Segarra S, Sabata R, Jimenez M. Gastroprotective Effects of Oral Glycosaminoglycans with Sodium Alginate in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Model in Rats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:667. [PMID: 38133218 PMCID: PMC10747959 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal barrier is often exposed to inflammatory and erosive insults, resulting in gastric lesions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) have shown potential beneficial effects as GI protectants. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of oral GAGs in rats with indomethacin-induced GI lesions. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats (8-9 weeks-old, 228 ± 7 g) were included in the study, divided into five study groups, and given, administered orally, either sucralfate (positive control group; PC), NAG (G group), sodium alginate plus HA and CS (AHC group), sodium alginate plus HA, CS, and NAG (AHCG group), or no treatment (negative control group; NC). Animals were administered 12.5 mg/kg indomethacin orally 15 min after receiving the assigned treatment. After 4 h, stomach samples were obtained and used to perform a macroscopic evaluation of gastric lesions and to allow histological assessment of the gastric wall (via H/E staining) and mucous (via PAS staining). The AHCG group showed significant gastroprotective improvements compared to the NC group, and a similar efficacy to the PC group. This combination of sodium alginate with GAGs might, therefore, become a safe and effective alternative to prescription drugs for gastric lesions, such as sucralfate, and have potential usefulness in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Traserra
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (S.T.); (H.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Héctor Cuerda
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (S.T.); (H.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Adriana Vallejo
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (S.T.); (H.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (S.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Roger Sabata
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (S.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (S.T.); (H.C.); (A.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Albtoush N, Queisser KA, Zawerton A, Lauer ME, Beswick EJ, Petrey AC. TSG6 hyaluronan matrix remodeling dampens the inflammatory response during colitis. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:149-166. [PMID: 37391162 PMCID: PMC10530565 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In response to tissue injury, changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) can directly affect the inflammatory response and contribute to disease progression or resolution. During inflammation, the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) becomes modified by tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene-6 (TSG6). TSG6 covalently transfers heavy chain (HC) proteins from inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) to HA in a transesterification reaction and is to date is the only known HC-transferase. By modifying the HA matrix, TSG6 generates HC:HA complexes that are implicated in mediating both protective and pathological responses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong chronic disorder with well-described remodeling of the ECM and increased mononuclear leukocyte influx into the intestinal mucosa. Deposition of HC:HA matrices is an early event in inflamed gut tissue that precedes and promotes leukocyte infiltration. However, the mechanisms by which TSG6 contributes to intestinal inflammation are not well understood. The aim of our study was to understand how the TSG6 and its enzymatic activity contributes to the inflammatory response in colitis. Our findings indicate that inflamed tissues of IBD patients show an elevated level of TSG6 and increased HC deposition and that levels of HA strongly associate with TSG6 levels in patient colon tissue specimens. Additionally, we observed that mice lacking TSG6 are more vulnerable to acute colitis and exhibit an aggravated macrophage-associated mucosal immune response characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and diminished anti-inflammatory mediators including IL-10. Surprisingly, along with significantly increased levels of inflammation in the absence of TSG6, tissue HA levels in mice were found to be significantly reduced and disorganized, absent of typical "HA-cable" structures. Inhibition of TSG6 HC-transferase activity leads to a loss of cell surface HA and leukocyte adhesion, indicating that the enzymatic functions of TSG6 are a major contributor to stability of the HA ECM during inflammation. Finally, using biochemically generated HC:HA matrices derived by TSG6, we show that HC:HA complexes can attenuate the inflammatory response of activated monocytes. In conclusion, our data suggests that TSG6 exerts a tissue-protective, anti-inflammatory effect via the generation of HC:HA complexes that become dysregulated in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansy Albtoush
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112; Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kimberly A Queisser
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112; Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ash Zawerton
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112; Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Monzon N, Kasahara EM, Gunasekaran A, Burge KY, Chaaban H. Impact of neonatal nutrition on necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151305. [PMID: 37257267 PMCID: PMC10750299 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. NEC is multifactorial and the result of a complex interaction of feeding, dysbiosis, and exaggerated inflammatory response. Feeding practices in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can vary among institutions and have significant impact on the vulnerable gastointestinal tract of preterm infants. . These practices encompass factors such as the type of feeding and fortification, duration of feeding, and rate of advancement, among others. The purpose of this article is to review the data on some of the most common feeding practices in the NICU and their impact on the development of NEC in preterm infants. Data on the human milk bioactive component glycosaminoglycans, specifically hyaluronan, will also be discussed in the context of postnatal intestinal development and NEC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noahlana Monzon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OKC, 73104
| | - Emma M Kasahara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OKC, 73104
| | - Aarthi Gunasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Kathryn Y Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OKC, 73104; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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Singh B, Aggarwal S, Das P, Srivastava SK, Sharma SC, Das SN. Over Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:109-114. [PMID: 37007900 PMCID: PMC10050459 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell marker CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein which is involved in various cellular functions such as cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion, haematopoiesis and tumour metastasis. The CD44 gene transcription is partly activated by beta-catenin and Wnt signalling pathway, the later pathway being linked to tumour development. However, the role of CD44 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not well understood. We investigated the expression of CD44 in peripheral circulation, tumour tissues of oral cancer patients and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by ELISA and quantitative (q)-RTPCR. Relative CD44s mRNA expression was significantly higher in peripheral circulation (p = 0.04), tumour tissues (p = 0.049) and in oral cancer cell lines (SCC4, SCC25 p = 0.02, SCC9 p = 0.03). Circulating CD44total protein levels were also significantly (p < 0.001) higher in OSCC patients that positively correlated with increasing tumour load and loco-regional spread of the tumour. The circulating tumour stem cell marker CD44 appears to be a potent indicator of tumour progression and may be useful for developing suitable therapeutics strategies for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Department of ENT, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, 492001 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Sunil K. Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110036 India
| | - Suresh C. Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Satya N. Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
- Emeritus Scientist, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
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Kudo K, Kobayashi T, Kasai K, Nozaka H, Nakamura T. Chondroitin sulfate is not digested at all in the mouse small intestine but may suppress interleukin 6 expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:185-191. [PMID: 36586186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG) was orally administered to mice. The PG digest was recovered from the small intestine, and its sugar chain size and unsaturated disaccharide content were examined. The elution position of the PG digest following Sepharose CL-4B chromatography was consistent with that of actinase-digested PG prior to administration. The PG digest was incubated with chondroitinase ABC, which resulted in the elution pattern of the unsaturated disaccharides being identical to that of the degraded product of actinase-digested PG. The core protein of PG was digested in the mouse small intestine, but chondroitin sulfate, which is the sugar chain of PG, was not degraded at all. Then, the effects of chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfates on human colon cancer cells were examined. These chondroitin sulfates were found to suppress the expression of interleukin-6 induced by TNF-α. Overall, the chondroitin sulfate chain may act on the intestinal epithelium and suppress inflammation of the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kudo
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nozaka
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan.
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Jia X, Shi M, Wang Q, Hui J, Shofaro JH, Erkhembayar R, Hui M, Gao C, Gantumur MA. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the 35kDa Hyaluronic Acid Fragment (B-HA/HA35). J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:209-224. [PMID: 36686276 PMCID: PMC9846287 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s393495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyaluronic acid (HA) and HA fragments interact with a variety of human body receptors and are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions and leukocyte trafficking in the body. Accordingly, the development of an injectable HA fragment with good tissue permeability, the identification of its indications, and molecular mechanisms are of great significance for its clinical application. The previous studies showed that the clinical effects of injectable 35kDa B-HA result from B-HA binding to multiple receptors in different cells, tissues, and organs. This study lays the foundation for further studies on the comprehensive clinical effects of injectable B-HA. Methods We elaborated on the production process, bioactivity assay, efficacy analyses, and safety evaluation of an injectable novel HA fragment with an average molecular weight of 35 kDa (35 kDa B-HA), produced by recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 digestion. Results The results showed that 35 kDa B-HA induced human erythrocyte aggregation (rouleaux formation) and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rates through the CD44 receptor. B-HA application and injection treatment significantly promoted the removal of mononuclear cells from the site of inflammation and into the lymphatic circulation. At a low concentration, 35 kDa B-HA inhibited production of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor by neutrophils; at a higher concentration, 35 kDa B-HA promoted the migration of monocytes. Furthermore, 35 kDa B-HA significantly inhibited the migration of neutrophils with or without lipopolysaccharide treatment, suggesting that in local tissues, higher concentrations of 35 kDa B-HA have antiinflammatory effects. After 99mTc radiolabeled 35 kDa B-HA was intravenously injected into mice, it quickly entered into the spleen, liver, lungs, kidneys and other organs through the blood circulation. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the HA fragment B-HA has good tissue permeability and antiinflammatory effects, laying a theoretical foundation for further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXiao Jia
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifei Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jessica Hui
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Hui Shofaro
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar
- Department of International Cyber Education, Graduate School, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Mizhou Hui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenzhe Gao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Munkh-Amgalan Gantumur
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Zheng X, Wang B, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120153. [PMID: 36876779 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is key to the stability of the internal environment of tissues. HA content in tissues gradually decreases with age, causing age-related health problems. Exogenous HA supplements are used to prevent or treat these problems including skin dryness and wrinkles, intestinal imbalance, xerophthalmia, and arthritis after absorption. Moreover, some probiotics are able to promote endogenous HA synthesis and alleviate symptoms caused by HA loss, thus introducing potential preventative or therapeutic applications of HA and probiotics. Here, we review the oral absorption, metabolism, and biological function of HA as well as the potential role of probiotics and HA in increasing the efficacy of HA supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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MacLeod R, Chan FV, Yuan H, Ye X, Sin YJA, Vitelli TM, Cucu T, Leung A, Baljak I, Osinski S, Fu Y, Jung GID, Amar A, DeAngelis PL, Hellman U, Cowman MK. Selective isolation of hyaluronan by solid phase adsorption to silica. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114769. [PMID: 35660507 PMCID: PMC9589902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A solid phase adsorption method for selective isolation of hyaluronan (HA) from biological samples is presented. Following enzymatic degradation of protein, HA can be separated from sulfated glycosaminoglycans, other unsulfated glycosaminoglycans, nucleic acids, and proteolytic fragments by adsorption to amorphous silica at specific salt concentrations. The adsorbed HA can be released from silica using neutral and basic aqueous solutions. HA ranging in size from ∼9 kDa to MDa polymers has been purified by this method from human serum and conditioned medium of cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca MacLeod
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Fok Vun Chan
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 302, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Han Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Yun Jin Ashley Sin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Teraesa M Vitelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Tudor Cucu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Annie Leung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Irene Baljak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Samantha Osinski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Yuhong Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Gyu Ik Daniel Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Anant Amar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Urban Hellman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 9thfloor, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
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13
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Singh VK, Chau E, Mishra A, DeAnda A, Hegde VL, Sastry JK, Haviland D, Jagannath C, Godin B, Khan A. CD44 receptor targeted nanoparticles augment immunity against tuberculosis in mice. J Control Release 2022; 349:796-811. [PMID: 35914613 PMCID: PMC10478167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a role of CD44-mediated signaling during host-defense against tuberculosis (TB) using a mouse model of TB and studies in M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infected human macrophage (MФ). Liposomes targeting CD44 using thioaptamers (CD44TA-LIP) were designed and tested as new vaccines to boost host immunity in TB. CD44TA-LIP enhanced killing of Mtb in human MФ, which correlated with an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12. CD44TA-LIP activated MФ showed an enhanced MHC-II dependent antigen presentation to CD4 T-cells. Inhibition of cellular proliferation and cytoskeleton rearrangement pathways downstream of CD44 signaling abrogated CD44TA-LIP-induced antimicrobial effects. Blockade of inflammatory pathways also reduced antigen presentation by MФ and activation of CD4 T cells. Mtb infected MФ treated with CD44TA-LIP exhibited increased nitric oxide and HβD2 defensin peptide production. Among Mtb infected mice with increased lung and spleen loads of organisms, intranasal administration of CD44TA-LIP led to a ten-fold reduction of colony forming units of Mtb and elevated IFN-γ + CD4, effector, central and resident memory T cells. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that CD44TA-LIP preferentially accumulated in the lungs and were associated with CD11b + cells. CD44TA-LIP treated mice showed no weight loss or increased liver LDH levels. This study highlights the importance of CD44-mediated signaling in host-defense during TB and the therapeutic potential of CD44TA-LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Chau
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandro DeAnda
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jagannadha K Sastry
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Haviland
- Flow Cytometry Core, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Wilson A, Burge K, Eckert J, Chaaban H. Effect of Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa on an In Vitro Model of Preterm Small Intestinal Injury and Healing using Enteroid-derived Monolayers. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63758. [PMID: 35943893 PMCID: PMC9680908 DOI: 10.3791/63758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro scratch wound assays are commonly used to investigate the mechanisms and characteristics of epithelial healing in a variety of tissue types. Here, we describe a protocol to generate a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer from three-dimensional (3D) non-human primate enteroids derived from intestinal crypts of the terminal ileum. These enteroid-derived monolayers were then utilized in an in vitro scratch wound assay to test the ability of hyaluronan 35 kDa (HA35), a human milk HA mimic, to promote cell migration and proliferation along the epithelial wound edge. After the monolayers were grown to confluency, they were manually scratched and treated with HA35 (50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL) or control (PBS). Cell migration and proliferation into the gap were imaged using a transmitted-light microscope equipped for live-cell imaging. Wound closure was quantified as percent wound healing using the Wound Healing Size Plugin in ImageJ. The scratch area and rate of cell migration and the percentage of wound closure were measured over 24 h. HA35 in vitro accelerates wound healing in small intestinal enteroid monolayers, likely through a combination of cell proliferation at the wound edge and migration to the wound area. These methods can potentially be used as a model to explore intestinal regeneration in the preterm human small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center;
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15
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Burge K, Eckert J, Wilson A, Trammell M, Lueschow SR, McElroy SJ, Dyer D, Chaaban H. Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa Protects against a Hyperosmotic, Formula Feeding Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091779. [PMID: 35565748 PMCID: PMC9105773 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an inflammatory disease of the intestine, is a common gastrointestinal emergency among preterm infants. Intestinal barrier dysfunction, hyperactivation of the premature immune system, and dysbiosis are thought to play major roles in the disease. Human milk (HM) is protective, but the mechanisms underpinning formula feeding as a risk factor in the development of NEC are incompletely understood. Hyaluronic acid 35 kDa (HA35), a bioactive glycosaminoglycan of HM, accelerates intestinal development in murine pups during homeostasis. In addition, HA35 prevents inflammation-induced tissue damage in pups subjected to murine NEC, incorporating Paneth cell dysfunction and dysbiosis. We hypothesized HA35 treatment would reduce histological injury and mortality in a secondary mouse model of NEC incorporating formula feeding. NEC-like injury was induced in 14-day mice by dithizone-induced disruption of Paneth cells and oral gavage of rodent milk substitute. Mortality and histological injury, serum and tissue cytokine levels, stool bacterial sequencing, and bulk RNA-Seq comparisons were analyzed. HA35 significantly reduced the severity of illness in this model, with a trend toward reduced mortality, while RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated HA35 upregulated genes associated with goblet cell function and innate immunity. Activation of these critical protective and reparative mechanisms of the small intestine likely play a role in the reduced pathology and enhanced survival trends of HA-treated pups subjected to intestinal inflammation in this secondary model of NEC, providing potentially interesting translational targets for the human preterm disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
| | - Adam Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
| | - MaJoi Trammell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Shiloh R. Lueschow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Steven J. McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - David Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Rivas F, Erxleben D, Smith I, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Cowman MK, Hall AR. Methods for isolating and analyzing physiological hyaluronan: a review. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C674-C687. [PMID: 35196167 PMCID: PMC8977137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA) is found in all human tissues and biofluids where it has wide-ranging functions in health and disease that are dictated by both its abundance and size. Consequently, hyaluronan evaluation in physiological samples has significant translational potential. Although the analytical tools and techniques for probing other biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids have become standard approaches in biochemistry, those available for investigating hyaluronan are less well established. In this review, we survey methods related to the assessment of native hyaluronan in biological specimens, including protocols for separating it from biological matrices and technologies for determining its concentration and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dorothea Erxleben
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ian Smith
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam R Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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17
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Mao T, Su CW, Ji Q, Chen CY, Wang R, Vijaya Kumar D, Lan J, Jiao L, Shi HN. Hyaluronan-induced alterations of the gut microbiome protects mice against Citrobacter rodentium infection and intestinal inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1972757. [PMID: 34592891 PMCID: PMC8489935 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1972757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan polymer that has been shown to play an important role in homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. However, its mechanistic significance in gastrointestinal epithelial barrier elements remain unexplored. Here, our results revealed that hyaluronan treatment resulted in significant changes in the gut microbiota in mice. To demonstrate the functional consequences of hyaluronan-treatment and hyaluronan-induced microbiota alterations, Citrobacter rodentium- and DSS-induced colitis models and microbiota transplantation approaches were utilized. We showed that hyaluronan alleviated intestinal inflammation in both pathogen and chemically induced intestinal mucosal damage. The protection in bacterial colitis was associated with enhanced C. rodentium clearance and alleviation of pathogen-induced gut dysbiosis. Microbiota transplantation experiments showed that the hyaluronan-altered microbiota is sufficient to confer protection against C. rodentium infection. Colonization with Akkermansia muciniphila, a commensal bacterium that is greatly enriched by hyaluronan treatment, alleviated C. rodentium-induced bacterial colitis in mice. Additionally, Akkermansia-induced protection was found to be associated with the induction of goblet cells and the production of mucins and epithelial antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the regulatory role of hyaluronan in modulating the gut microbiota and immunity in enteric infection and inflammation, with therapeutic potential for gut microbiome-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangyou Mao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Qiaorong Ji
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Rongjun Wang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Deepak Vijaya Kumar
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA,CONTACT Hai Ning Shi Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114 16th Street, Room 3350, Charlestown, Massachusetts02129, USA
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18
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Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Moretto P, Moro E, Crema F, Maggi F, Karousou E, Viola M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Giaroni C, Baj A. Hyaluronan: A Neuroimmune Modulator in the Microbiota-Gut Axis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010126. [PMID: 35011688 PMCID: PMC8750446 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host gut homeostasis by controlling several metabolic, neuronal and immune functions. Conversely, changes in the gut microenvironment may alter the saprophytic microbial community and function, hampering the positive relationship with the host. In this bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiota and the host, hyaluronan (HA), an unbranched glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, has a multifaceted role. HA is fundamental for bacterial metabolism and influences bacterial adhesiveness to the mucosal layer and diffusion across the epithelial barrier. In the host, HA may be produced and distributed in different cellular components within the gut microenvironment, playing a role in the modulation of immune and neuronal responses. This review covers the more recent studies highlighting the relevance of HA as a putative modulator of the communication between luminal bacteria and the host gut neuro-immune axis both in health and disease conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-217412; Fax: +39-0332-217111
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
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19
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Li M, Li X, McClements DJ, Shi M, Shang Q, Liu X, Liu F. Physicochemical and functional properties of lactoferrin-hyaluronic acid complexes: Effect of non-covalent and covalent interactions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Siljander H, Jason E, Ruohtula T, Selvenius J, Koivusaari K, Salonen M, Ahonen S, Honkanen J, Ilonen J, Vaarala O, Virtanen SM, Lähdeaho ML, Knip M. Effect of Early Feeding on Intestinal Permeability and Inflammation Markers in Infants with Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2021; 238:305-311.e3. [PMID: 34293372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) decreases gut permeability and/or markers of intestinal inflammation in infants with HLA-conferred diabetes susceptibility, when compared with conventional formula. STUDY DESIGN By analyzing 1468 expecting biological parent pairs for HLA-conferred susceptibility for type 1 diabetes, 465 couples (32 %) potentially eligible for the study were identified. After further parental consent, 332 babies to be born were randomized at 35th gestational week. HLA genotyping was performed at birth in 309 infants. Out of 87 eligible children, 73 infants participated in the intervention study: 33 in the EHF group and 40 in the control group. Clinical visits took place at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The infants were provided either EHF or conventional formula whenever breastfeeding was not available or additional feeding was required over the first 9 months of life. The main outcome was the lactulose to mannitol ratio (L/M ratio) at 9 months. The secondary outcomes were L/M ratio at 3, 6, and 12 months of age, and fecal calprotectin and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) levels at each visit. RESULTS Compared with controls, the median L/M ratio was lower in the EHF group at 9 months (.006 vs .028; P = .005). Otherwise, the levels of intestinal permeability, fecal calprotectin, and HBD-2 were comparable between the two groups, although slight differences in the age-related dynamics of these markers were observed. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to decrease intestinal permeability in infancy through weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula. This may reduce the early exposure to dietary antigens. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01735123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Siljander
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Jason
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terhi Ruohtula
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Selvenius
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katariina Koivusaari
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Salonen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Ahonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland; Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University of Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland; Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Lähdeaho
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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21
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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22
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Garantziotis S. Modulation of hyaluronan signaling as a therapeutic target in human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107993. [PMID: 34587477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an active participant, modulator and mediator of the cell, tissue, organ and organismal response to injury. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan, an abundant glycosaminoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix, in many fundamental biological processes underpinning homeostasis and disease development. From this basis, emerging studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of strategies which target hyaluronan synthesis, biology and signaling, with significant promise as therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. This review summarizes the state of the art in this field and discusses challenges and opportunities in what could emerge as a new class of therapeutic agents, that we term "matrix biologics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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23
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Mutoji KN, Sun M, Nash A, Puri S, Hascall V, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Anti-inflammatory protein TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) reduces inflammatory response after brain injury in mice. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:52. [PMID: 34348643 PMCID: PMC8336266 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research suggests that the glial scar surrounding penetrating brain injuries is instrumental in preserving the surrounding uninjured tissue by limiting the inflammatory response to the injury site. We recently showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), a well-established anti-inflammatory molecule, is present within the glial scar. In the present study we investigated the role of TSG-6 within the glial scar using TSG-6 null and littermate control mice subjected to penetrating brain injuries. RESULTS Our findings show that mice lacking TSG-6 present a more severe inflammatory response after injury, which was correlated with an enlarged area of astrogliosis beyond the injury site. CONCLUSION Our data provides evidence that TSG-6 has an anti-inflammatory role within the glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazadi Nadine Mutoji
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA
| | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA
| | - Amanda Nash
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sudan Puri
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA
| | | | - Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA.
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24
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Kotla NG, Bonam SR, Rasala S, Wankar J, Bohara RA, Bayry J, Rochev Y, Pandit A. Recent advances and prospects of hyaluronan as a multifunctional therapeutic system. J Control Release 2021; 336:598-620. [PMID: 34237401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), cell-surface-associated biopolymer and is the key component of tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). Along with remarkable physicochemical properties, HA also has multifaceted biological effects that include but not limited to ECM organization, immunomodulation, and various cellular processes. Environmental cues such as tissue injury, infection or cancer change downstream signaling functionalities of HA. Unlike native HA, the fragments of HA have diversified effects on inflammation, cancer, fibrosis, angiogenesis and autoimmune response. In this review, we aim to discuss HA as a therapeutic delivery system development process, source, biophysical-chemical properties, and associated biological pathways (especially via cell surface receptors) of native and fragmented HA. We also tried to address an overview of the potential role of HA (native HA vs fragments) in the modulation of inflammation, immune response and various cancer targeting delivery applications. This review will also highlight the HA based therapeutic systems, medical devices and future perspectives of various biomedical applications were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan G Kotla
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe- Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Swetha Rasala
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Jitendra Wankar
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra A Bohara
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe- Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris F-75006, France; Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 623, Kerala, India
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.
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25
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Chaaban H, Burge K, Eckert J, Trammell M, Dyer D, Keshari RS, Silasi R, Regmi G, Lupu C, Good M, McElroy SJ, Lupu F. Acceleration of Small Intestine Development and Remodeling of the Microbiome Following Hyaluronan 35 kDa Treatment in Neonatal Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2030. [PMID: 34204790 PMCID: PMC8231646 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of human milk suppressing the development of intestinal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants are widely known. Human milk (HM) is rich in a multitude of bioactive factors that play major roles in promoting postnatal maturation, differentiation, and the development of the microbiome. Previous studies showed that HM is rich in hyaluronan (HA) especially in colostrum and early milk. This study aims to determine the role of HA 35 KDa, a HM HA mimic, on intestinal proliferation, differentiation, and the development of the intestinal microbiome. We show that oral HA 35 KDa supplementation for 7 days in mouse pups leads to increased villus length and crypt depth, and increased goblet and Paneth cells, compared to controls. We also show that HA 35 KDa leads to an increased predominance of Clostridiales Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillales Lactobacillaceae, and Clostridiales Lachnospiraceae. In seeking the mechanisms involved in the changes, bulk RNA seq was performed on samples from the terminal ileum and identified upregulation in several genes essential for cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Taken together, this study shows that HA 35 KDa supplemented to mouse pups promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, as well as the development of Paneth cells and goblet cell subsets. HA 35 KDa also impacted the intestinal microbiota; the implications of these responses need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.)
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.)
| | - MaJoi Trammell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.T.); (D.D.)
| | - David Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Ravi S. Keshari
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.S.K.); (R.S.); (G.R.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Robert Silasi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.S.K.); (R.S.); (G.R.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Girija Regmi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.S.K.); (R.S.); (G.R.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Cristina Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.S.K.); (R.S.); (G.R.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Steven J. McElroy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.S.K.); (R.S.); (G.R.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
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26
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Regulation of hBD-2, hBD-3, hCAP18/LL37, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Milk Oligosaccharides in an Organotypic Oral Mucosal Model. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060739. [PMID: 34208335 PMCID: PMC8231254 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third largest solid fraction in human milk, can modulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor signaling, but little is known about their immunomodulatory potential in the oral cavity. In this study, we determined whether the HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) regulate human-beta defensin (hBD)-2 and -3, cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37), and cytokine responses in human gingival cells using a three-dimensional oral mucosal culture model. The model was incubated with 0.1% or 1% 2′-FL and 3-FL, alone and in combination, for 5 or 24 h, and hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18/LL-37 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1RA, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined by LUMINEX immunoassay. The combination of 1% 2′-FL and 1% 3-FL, and 1% 3-FL alone, for 24 h upregulated hBD-2 protein expression significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). No changes in the other antimicrobial peptides or proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Thus, 3-FL, alone and in combination with 2′-FL, stimulates oral mucosal secretion of hBD-2, without effecting a proinflammatory response when studied in an oral mucosal culture model.
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27
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Morrin ST, Buck RH, Farrow M, Hickey RM. Milk-derived anti-infectives and their potential to combat bacterial and viral infection. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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Stenson WF, Ciorba MA. Nonmicrobial Activation of TLRs Controls Intestinal Growth, Wound Repair, and Radioprotection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617510. [PMID: 33552081 PMCID: PMC7859088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TLRs, key components of the innate immune system, recognize microbial molecules. However, TLRs also recognize some nonmicrobial molecules. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 recognize hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix. In neonatal mice endogenous hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 drives normal intestinal growth. Hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages results in cyclooxygenase2- dependent PGE2 production, which transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ crypt epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. The expanded population of LGR5+ stem cells leads to crypt fission and lengthening of the intestine and colon. Blocking this pathway at any point (TLR4 activation, PGE2 production, EGFR transactivation) results in diminished intestinal and colonic growth. A similar pathway leads to epithelial proliferation in wound repair. The repair phase of dextran sodium sulfate colitis is marked by increased epithelial proliferation. In this model, TLR2 and TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages are activated by microbial products or by host hyaluronic acid, resulting in production of CXCL12, a chemokine. CXCL12 induces the migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the upper colonic crypts to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 released by these mesenchymal stem cells transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. Several TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, including hyaluronic acid, are radioprotective in the intestine through the inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. Administration of exogenous TLR2 or TLR4 agonists activates TLR2/TLR4 on pericryptal macrophages inducing CXCL12 production with migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the villi to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 produced by these mesenchymal stem cells, blocks radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells by an EGFR mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F. Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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29
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Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:43-110. [PMID: 33814115 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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30
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You N, Chu S, Cai B, Gao Y, Hui M, Zhu J, Wang M. Bioactive hyaluronic acid fragments inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Front Med 2020; 15:292-301. [PMID: 32946028 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The high- and the low-molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HMW-HA and LMW-HA, respectively) showed different biological activities in inflammation. However, the role of LMW-HA in inflammatory response is controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of bioactive hyaluronan (B-HA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages and mice. B-HA was produced from HA treated with glycosylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20. Human THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with B-HA, LPS, or B-HA + LPS. The mRNA expression and the production of inflammatory cytokines were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation levels of proteins in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and IRF-3 signaling pathways were measured using Western blot. The in vivo efficacy of B-HA was assessed in a mouse model of LPS-induced inflammation. Results showed that B-HA inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IFN-β, and enhanced the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS-induced inflammatory responses in THP-1-derived macrophages and in vivo. B-HA significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the TLR4 signaling pathway proteins p65, IKKα/β, IκBα, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and IRF-3. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the B-HA attenuated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. B-HA could be a potential anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na You
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Sasa Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Binggang Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Youfang Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Mizhou Hui
- AnRuipu Biological Products Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310019, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Maorong Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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31
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Gunasekaran A, Eckert J, Burge K, Zheng W, Yu Z, Kessler S, de la Motte C, Chaaban H. Hyaluronan 35 kDa enhances epithelial barrier function and protects against the development of murine necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:1177-1184. [PMID: 31499514 PMCID: PMC7061074 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of tight junctions (TJs) predisposes to bacterial translocation, intestinal inflammation, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Previously, studies showed that hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan in human milk, maintains intestinal permeability, enhances intestinal immunity, and reduces intestinal infections. In this study, we investigated the effects of HA 35 kDa on a NEC-like murine model. METHODS Pups were divided into Sham, NEC, NEC+HA 35, and HA 35. Severity of intestinal injury was compared using a modified macroscopic gut scoring and histologic injury grading. The effect of HA 35 on intestinal permeability was determined by measuring FITC dextran and bacterial translocation. RNA and protein expression of TJ proteins (claudin-2, -3, -4, occludin, and ZO-1) were compared between the groups. RESULTS Pups in the NEC+HA 35 group had increased survival and lower intestinal injury compared to untreated NEC. In addition, HA 35 reduced intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. Ileal expression of claudin-2, -3, -4, occludin, and ZO-1 was upregulated in NEC+HA 35 and HA 35 compared to untreated NEC and shams. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HA 35 protects against NEC partly by upregulating intestinal TJs and enhancing intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Gunasekaran
- Department of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kathryn Burge
- Department of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of GI/Liver Pathology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sean Kessler
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Kim Y, de la Motte CA. The Role of Hyaluronan Treatment in Intestinal Innate Host Defense. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569. [PMID: 32411124 PMCID: PMC7201044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is best known as an abundantly present extracellular matrix component found throughout the body of all vertebrates, including humans. Recent evidence, however, has demonstrated benefits of providing HA exogenously as a therapeutic modality for several medical conditions. Here we discuss the effects of providing HA treatment to increase innate host defense of the intestine, elucidate the size specific effects of HA, and discuss the role of various HA receptors as potential mediators of the HA effects in the intestine. This review especially focuses on HA interaction with the epithelium because it is the primary cellular barrier of the intestine and these cells play a critical balancing role between allowing water and nutrient absorption while excluding microbes and harmful dietary metabolites that are constantly in that organ's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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33
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Burge K, Bergner E, Gunasekaran A, Eckert J, Chaaban H. The Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Protection from Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020546. [PMID: 32093194 PMCID: PMC7071410 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis, a potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory disorder affecting primarily premature infants, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. While the etiology of the disease is, as yet, unknown, a number of risk factors for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis have been identified. One such risk factor, formula feeding, has been shown to contribute to both increased incidence and severity of the disease. The protective influences afforded by breastfeeding are likely attributable to the unique composition of human milk, an extremely potent, biologically active fluid. This review brings together knowledge on the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and current thinking on the instrumental role of one of the more prominent classes of bioactive components in human breast milk, glycosaminoglycans.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Feeding
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Female
- Glycosaminoglycans/pharmacology
- Humans
- Infant Formula/adverse effects
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Male
- Milk, Human/chemistry
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Risk Factors
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Heldin P, Kolliopoulos C, Lin CY, Heldin CH. Involvement of hyaluronan and CD44 in cancer and viral infections. Cell Signal 2019; 65:109427. [PMID: 31654718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan and its major receptor CD44 are ubiquitously distributed. They have important structural as well as signaling roles, regulating tissue homeostasis, and their expression levels are tightly regulated. In addition to signaling initiated by the interaction of the intracellular domain of CD44 with cytoplasmic signaling molecules, CD44 has important roles as a co-receptor for different types of receptors of growth factors and cytokines. Dysregulation of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions is seen in diseases, such as inflammation and cancer. In the present communication, we discuss the mechanism of hyaluronan-induced signaling via CD44, as well as the involvement of hyaluronan-engaged CD44 in malignancies and in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Constantinos Kolliopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Department of Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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Dysregulation of Hyaluronan Homeostasis During White Matter Injury. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:672-683. [PMID: 31542857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the extra cellular matrix (ECM) comprises a major proportion of the CNS parenchyma, new roles for the ECM in regeneration and repair responses to CNS injury have only recently been appreciated. The ECM undergoes extensive remodeling following injury to the developing or mature CNS in disorders that -include perinatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, multiple sclerosis and age-related vascular dementia. Here we focus on recently described mechanisms involving hyaluronan (HA), which negatively impact myelin repair after cerebral white matter injury. Injury induced depolymerization of hyaluronan (HA)-a component of the neural ECM-can inhibit myelin repair through the actions of specific sizes of HA fragments. These bioactive fragments selectively block the maturation of late oligodendrocyte progenitors via an immune tolerance-like pathway that suppresses pro-myelination signaling. We highlight emerging new pathophysiological roles of the neural ECM, particularly of those played by HA fragments (HAf) after injury and discuss strategies to promoter repair and regeneration of chronic myelination failure.
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36
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Bellos DA, Sharma D, McMullen MR, Wat J, Saikia P, de la Motte CA, Nagy LE. Specifically Sized Hyaluronan (35 kDa) Prevents Ethanol-Induced Disruption of Epithelial Tight Junctions Through a layilin-Dependent Mechanism in Caco-2 Cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1848-1858. [PMID: 31237689 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific-sized species of the carbohydrate hyaluronan elicit a variety of cellular responses mediating tissue integrity and repair, as well as regulating inflammatory responses. Orally provided hyaluronan with an average molecular weight of 35 kDa (HA35) protects mice from short-term ethanol (EtOH)-induced liver injury. This protection was associated with maintenance of the colocalization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin at tight junctions in the proximal colon. However, it is not known whether HA35 also protects other regions of the intestine or whether protection is due to a direct and/or indirect interaction of HA35 with the intestinal epithelium. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were fed an EtOH containing diet or pair-fed control diet (4 days) and treated with or without HA35 via daily gavage during the last 3 days of EtOH feeding. Intestinal morphology and tight junction integrity were assessed. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were transfected or not with scrambled siRNA or siRNA targeting layilin, a hyaluronan receptor. Caco-2 cells were treated with or without HA35 prior to challenge with EtOH. Localization of tight junction proteins, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were evaluated. RESULTS While short-term EtOH did not result in any apparent changes in the gross morphology of the intestine, colocalization of ZO-1 and occludin at tight junctions was decreased in the proximal and distal colon. HA35 prevented these effects of EtOH. In differentiated Caco-2 cells, EtOH decreased the localization of ZO-1 and occludin at tight junctions and increased permeability of FITC-dextran. At higher concentrations, EtOH also decreased TEER. Pretreatment with HA35 prevented these changes. When the hyaluronan receptor layilin was knocked down in Caco-2 cells, HA35 no longer protected cells from EtOH-induced loss of tight junctions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that HA35 interacts with layilin on intestinal epithelial cells and maintains intestinal tight junction integrity during short-term EtOH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Bellos
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dhara Sharma
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeanette Wat
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paramananda Saikia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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37
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Cao L, Wu XM, Nie P, Chang MX. The negative regulation of piscine CD44c in viral and bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:135-143. [PMID: 30885554 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CD44 gene is a cell surface receptor which undergoes complex alternative splicing and extensive post-translational modifications. Although many studies have showed that CD44 is involved in the process of host defense, the function of piscine CD44 in antibacterial or antiviral defense response remains unclear. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of zebrafish CD44c, which is more similar to CD44b antigen isoforms rather than CD44a based on amino acid composition and phylogenetic analysis. The expression of zebrafish CD44c was inducible in response to bacterial and viral infections. During SVCV infection, the in vivo studies revealed that CD44c overexpression led to the increased virus loads and decreased survival rate. The attenuated response by zebrafish CD44c in response to SVCV infection were characterized by the impaired production of inflammatory cytokines and the impaired expressions of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, MHC class I and II genes. During Edwardsiella piscicida infection, the overexpression of zebrafish CD44c facilitated bacterial growth and dissemination, but did not impact on larvae survival. The detrimental role of CD44c in host defense against E. piscicida infection was supported by a decreased production of several antibacterial molecules including defbl2, defbl3, NK-lysin and RNase3. All together, these results firstly demonstrate the negative regulation of piscine CD44c in viral and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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38
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Forster CS, Haffey WD, Bennett M, Greis KD, Devarajan P. Identification of Urinary CD44 and Prosaposin as Specific Biomarkers of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Neurogenic Bladders. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919835570. [PMID: 30906192 PMCID: PMC6421595 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919835570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Distinguishing urinary tract infection (UTI) from urinary tract colonization (UTC) in children with neurogenic bladders who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is challenging. Our objective was to identify urinary proteins to distinguish UTI from UTC in CIC-dependent children that have potential to serve as objective markers of UTI. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 10 CIC-dependent children were included in the mass spectrometry analysis (UTI = 5, UTC = 5). Quantitative profiling of urine proteins with isobaric protein labeling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate markers were normalized using a collective mixture of proteins from all samples. Relative quantitative abundance of proteins across all samples were compared. Proteins with >50% change in the average abundance were identified as proteins of interest, which were then measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an additional 40 samples (no growth = 10, UTC = 15, UTI = 15). RESULTS Mass spectrometry revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins. Of these, apolipoprotein D, alpha-amylase 2B, non-secretory ribonuclease, CD44 antigen, and prosaposin were measurable by ELISA. Concentrations of both CD44 and prosaposin were significantly higher in UTI, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively. CONCLUSION Urinary CD44 and prosaposin are candidate markers that may assist with the diagnosis of UTI in CIC-dependent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Forster
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Catherine S Forster, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Suite 4800M, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Wendy D Haffey
- Department of Cancer Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zúñiga M, Monedero V, Yebra MJ. Utilization of Host-Derived Glycans by Intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1917. [PMID: 30177920 PMCID: PMC6109692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Lactobacillus are commonly found at the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal surfaces of humans. This genus includes various species with a great number of potentially probiotic bacteria. Other often-used probiotic species belong to Bifidobacterium, a genus almost exclusively associated with the gut. As probiotics must survive and be metabolically active at their target sites, namely host mucosal surfaces, consumption of host-produced glycans is a key factor for their survival and activity. The ability to metabolize glycans such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), glycosaminoglycans and the glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids found at the mucosal surfaces grants a competitive advantage to lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The analyses of the great number of sequenced genomes from these bacteria have revealed that many of them encode a wide assortment of genes involved in the metabolism and transport of carbohydrates, including several glycoside hydrolases required for metabolizing the carbohydrate moieties of mucins and HMOs. Here, the current knowledge on the genetic mechanisms, known catabolic pathways and biochemical properties of enzymes involved in the utilization of host-produced glycans by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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40
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Srivastava T, Diba P, Dean JM, Banine F, Shaver D, Hagen M, Gong X, Su W, Emery B, Marks DL, Harris EN, Baggenstoss B, Weigel PH, Sherman LS, Back SA. A TLR/AKT/FoxO3 immune tolerance-like pathway disrupts the repair capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2025-2041. [PMID: 29664021 DOI: 10.1172/jci94158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter injury (WMI) persistently disrupts myelin regeneration by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). We identified a specific bioactive hyaluronan fragment (bHAf) that downregulates myelin gene expression and chronically blocks OPC maturation and myelination via a tolerance-like mechanism that dysregulates pro-myelination signaling via AKT. Desensitization of AKT occurs via TLR4 but not TLR2 or CD44. OPC differentiation was selectively blocked by bHAf in a maturation-dependent fashion at the late OPC (preOL) stage by a noncanonical TLR4/TRIF pathway that induced persistent activation of the FoxO3 transcription factor downstream of AKT. Activated FoxO3 selectively localized to oligodendrocyte lineage cells in white matter lesions from human preterm neonates and adults with multiple sclerosis. FoxO3 constraint of OPC maturation was bHAf dependent, and involved interactions at the FoxO3 and MBP promoters with the chromatin remodeling factor Brg1 and the transcription factor Olig2, which regulate OPC differentiation. WMI has adapted an immune tolerance-like mechanism whereby persistent engagement of TLR4 by bHAf promotes an OPC niche at the expense of myelination by engaging a FoxO3 signaling pathway that chronically constrains OPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taasin Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fatima Banine
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Shaver
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Weiping Su
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Ben Emery
- Department of Neurology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bruce Baggenstoss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul H Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Larry S Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen A Back
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
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41
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Hyaluronan interactions with innate immunity in lung biology. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:84-99. [PMID: 29410190 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innate immune responses in the lung play a central role in the pathogenesis of lung disease and the maintenance of lung health, and thus it is crucial to understand factors that regulate them. Hyaluronan is ubiquitous in the lung, and its expression is increased following lung injury and in disease states. Furthermore, hyaladherins like inter-α-inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6, pentraxin 3 and versican are also induced and help form a dynamic hyaluronan matrix in injured lung. This review synthesizes present knowledge about the interactions of hyaluronan and its associated hyaladherins with the lung immune system, and the implications of these interactions for lung biology and disease.
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42
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Kessler SP, Obery DR, Nickerson KP, Petrey AC, McDonald C, de la Motte CA. Multifunctional Role of 35 Kilodalton Hyaluronan in Promoting Defense of the Intestinal Epithelium. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:273-287. [PMID: 29290146 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417746775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium plays a critical role in host defense against orally acquired pathogens. Dysregulation of this protective barrier is a primary driver of inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) and also infant gastrointestinal infections. Previously, our lab reported that hyaluronan (HA) isolated from human milk induces the expression of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin in vivo and protects against Salmonella Typhimurium infection of epithelial cells in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that commercially available 35 kDa size HA induces the expression of β-defensin, upregulates the expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and attenuates murine Citrobacter rodentium infection in vivo. In this current study, we report that HA35 remains largely intact and biologically active during transit through the digestive tract where it directly induces β-defensin expression upon epithelial cell contact. We also demonstrate HA35 abrogation of murine Salmonella Typhimurium infection as well as downregulation of leaky tight junction protein claudin-2 expression. Taken together, we propose a dual role for HA in host innate immune defense at the epithelial cell surface, acting to induce antimicrobial peptide production and also block pathogen-induced leaky gut. HA35 is therefore a promising therapeutic in the defense against bacterially induced colitis in compromised adults and vulnerable newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Kessler
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dana R Obery
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kourtney P Nickerson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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43
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Saikia P, Roychowdhury S, Bellos D, Pollard KA, McMullen MR, McCullough RL, McCullough AJ, Gholam P, de la Motte C, Nagy LE. Hyaluronic acid 35 normalizes TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats via regulation of microRNA291b and its target Tollip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15671. [PMID: 29142263 PMCID: PMC5688113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4 signaling in hepatic macrophages is increased after chronic ethanol feeding. Treatment of hepatic macrophages after chronic ethanol feeding with small-specific sized hyaluronic acid 35 (HA35) normalizes TLR4 signaling; however, the mechanisms for HA35 action are not completely understood. Here we used Next Generation Sequencing of microRNAs to identify negative regulators of TLR4 signaling reciprocally modulated by ethanol and HA35 in hepatic macrophages. Eleven microRNAs were up-regulated by ethanol; only 4 microRNAs, including miR291b, were decreased by HA35. Bioinformatics analysis identified Tollip, a negative regulator of TLR4, as a target of miR291b. Tollip expression was decreased in hepatic macrophages from ethanol-fed rats, but treatment with HA35 or transfection with a miR291b hairpin inhibitor restored Tollip expression and normalized TLR4-stimulated TNFα expression. In peripheral blood monocytes isolated from patients with alcoholic hepatitis, expression of TNFα mRNA was robustly increased in response to challenge with lipopolysaccharide. Importantly, pre-treatment with HA35 reduced TNFα expression by more than 50%. Taken together, we have identified miR291b as a critical miRNA up-regulated by ethanol. Normalization of the miR291b → Tollip pathway by HA35 ameliorated ethanol-induced sensitization of TLR4 signaling in macrophages/monocytes, suggesting that HA35 may be a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramananda Saikia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Damien Bellos
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A Pollard
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pierre Gholam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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44
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Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a key component of the microenvironment surrounding cells. In healthy tissues, HA molecules have extremely high molecular mass and consequently large hydrodynamic volumes. Tethered to the cell surface by clustered receptor proteins, HA molecules crowd each other, as well as other macromolecular species. This leads to severe nonideality in physical properties of the biomatrix, because steric exclusion leads to an increase in effective concentration of the macromolecules. The excluded volume depends on both polymer concentration and hydrodynamic volume/molecular mass. The biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, tissue hydration, receptor clustering, and receptor-ligand interactions are strongly affected by the presence of HA and by its molecular mass. In inflammation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species fragment the HA chains. Depending on the rate of chain degradation relative to the rates of new synthesis and removal of damaged chains, short fragments of the HA molecules can be present at significant levels. Not only are the physical properties of the extracellular matrix affected, but the HA fragments decluster their primary receptors and act as endogenous danger signals. Bioanalytical methods to isolate and quantify HA fragments have been developed to determine profiles of HA content and size in healthy and diseased biological fluids and tissues. These methods have potential use in medical diagnostic tests. Therapeutic agents that modulate signaling by HA fragments show promise in wound healing and tissue repair without fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Kim Y, Kessler SP, Obery DR, Homer CR, McDonald C, de la Motte CA. Hyaluronan 35kDa treatment protects mice from Citrobacter rodentium infection and induces epithelial tight junction protein ZO-1 in vivo. Matrix Biol 2017; 62:28-39. [PMID: 27845198 PMCID: PMC5427001 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy intestinal barrier, the primary physical barrier between intestinal microbiota and the underlying lamina propria, is critical for optimal health. Epithelial integrity is essential for the prevention of the entrance of luminal contents, such as bacteria and their products, through the large intestinal barrier. In this study, we investigated the protective functions of biosynthetic, specific sized, hyaluronan around 35kDa (HA35) on intestinal epithelium in healthy mice, as well as mice infected Citrobacter rodentium, an established model that mimics infection with a serious human pathogen, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Our results reveal that treatment with HA35 protects mice from Citrobacter infection and enhances the epithelial barrier function. In particular, we have found that HA35 induces the expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in both healthy and Citrobacter infected mice, as demonstrated by immunoflurorescence and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, we determined that HA35 treatment enhances ZO-1 expression and reduces intestinal permeability at the early stages of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Together, our data demonstrate that the expression and functionality of tight junctions, are increased by HA35 treatment, suggesting a novel mechanism for the protection from Citrobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojung Kim
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sean P Kessler
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dana R Obery
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Craig R Homer
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Kim Y, West GA, Ray G, Kessler SP, Petrey AC, Fiocchi C, McDonald C, Longworth MS, Nagy LE, de la Motte CA. Layilin is critical for mediating hyaluronan 35kDa-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction protein ZO-1 in vitro and in vivo. Matrix Biol 2017; 66:93-109. [PMID: 28978412 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tight junction proteins are critical in maintaining homeostatic intestinal permeability. Multiple intestinal inflammatory diseases are correlated with reduced expression of tight junction proteins. We have recently reported that oral treatment of mice with Hyaluronan 35kDa (HA35) increases colonic expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Here, we investigate whether HA35 treatment enhances ZO-1 expression by direct interaction with intestinal epithelium in vitro and have identified the HA receptor responsible for HA35-mediated ZO-1 induction in colonic epithelium in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal that HA35 treatment increases ZO-1 expression in mouse intestinal epithelial organoids, while large HA 2000kDa is not internalized into the cells. Our immunofluorescence data indicate that layilin, but neither toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) nor CD44, mediate the HA35-induced ZO-1 expression in colonic epithelium in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, using layilin null mice we have determined that layilin mediates HA35 induction of ZO-1 in healthy mice and during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, we find that while ZO-1 expression levels are reduced, layilin expression levels are equivalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD controls. Together, our data suggest that layilin is an important HA receptor, that mediates the effect of oral HA35 treatment on intestinal epithelium. HA35 holds promise as a simple dietary supplement to strengthen gut barrier defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojung Kim
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gail A West
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Greeshma Ray
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sean P Kessler
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle S Longworth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Saikia P, Bellos D, McMullen MR, Pollard KA, de la Motte C, Nagy LE. MicroRNA 181b-3p and its target importin α5 regulate toll-like receptor 4 signaling in Kupffer cells and liver injury in mice in response to ethanol. Hepatology 2017; 66:602-615. [PMID: 28257601 PMCID: PMC5519440 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased inflammatory signaling by Kupffer cells contributes to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Here we investigated the impact of small, specific-sized hyaluronic acid of 35 kD (HA35) on ethanol-induced sensitization of Kupffer cells, as well as ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Unbiased analysis of microRNA (miRNA) expression in Kupffer cells identified miRNAs regulated by both ethanol and HA35. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling was assessed in primary cultures of Kupffer cells from ethanol- and pair-fed rats after treatment with HA35. Female C57BL6/J mice were fed ethanol or pair-fed control diets and treated or not with HA35. TLR4 signaling was increased in Kupffer cells by ethanol; this sensitization was normalized by ex vivo treatment with HA35. Next generation sequencing of Kupffer cell miRNA identified miRNA 181b-3p (miR181b-3p) as sensitive to both ethanol and HA35. Importin α5, a protein involved in p65 translocation to the nucleus, was identified as a target of miR181b-3p; importin α5 protein was increased in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats, but decreased by HA35 treatment. Overexpression of miR181b-3p decreased importin α5 expression and normalized lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α expression in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats. In a mouse model of ALD, ethanol feeding decreased miR181b-3p in liver and increased expression of importin α5 in nonparenchymal cells. Treatment with HA35 normalized these changes and also protected mice from ethanol-induced liver and intestinal injury. CONCLUSION miR181b-3p is dynamically regulated in Kupffer cells and mouse liver in response to ethanol and treatment with HA35. miR181b-3p modulates expression of importin α5 and sensitivity of TLR4-mediated signaling. This study identifies a miR181b-3p-importin α5 axis in regulating inflammatory signaling pathways in hepatic macrophages. (Hepatology 2017;66:602-615).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramananda Saikia
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Damien Bellos
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine A Pollard
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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48
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Human milk glycosaminoglycans inhibit in vitro the adhesion of Escherichia coli and Salmonella fyris to human intestinal cells. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:603-7. [PMID: 26679156 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast-fed infants have a lower incidence of acute gastroenteritis due to the presence of several anti-infective factors in human milk. The aim of this work is to study the capacity of human milk glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to inhibit the adhesion of some common pathogenic bacteria. METHODS GAGs were isolated from a pool of milk samples collected from different mothers during the first month of lactation. Experiments were carried out to study the ability of GAGs to inhibit the adhesion of two intestinal micro-organisms (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotype 0119 and Salmonella fyris) to Caco-2 and Int-407 cell lines. RESULTS The study showed that the GAGs had an anti-adhesive effect on the two pathogenic strains studied with different degrees of inhibition. In particular, in the presence of human milk GAGs, the adhesion of S. fyris to Caco-2 cells and to Int-407 cells of both tested strains was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that GAGs in human milk can be one of the important defensive factors against acute diarrheal infections in breast-fed infants.
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Maccari F, Mantovani V, Gabrielli O, Carlucci A, Zampini L, Galeazzi T, Galeotti F, Coppa GV, Volpi N. Metabolic fate of milk glycosaminoglycans in breastfed and formula fed newborns. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:181-8. [PMID: 26873820 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the content, structure and residual percentages of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the feces of seven breastfed newborns after ingesting a known amount of milk were studied. A comparison was made with five newborns fed with formula milk. Characterization of GAGs from milk and feces samples was performed according to previous methodology. Compared to the ingested GAGs present in milk, residual feces GAGs of breastfed newborns were <0.4 %, contrary to formula milk fed children, where the residues were ~4 %. As a consequence, >99 % of human milk GAGs are utilized as opposed to ~96 % of formula milk. Hyaluronic acid utilization was found to be fairly similar contrary to chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate, which were found to be ~10-18 times lower in formula milk fed children. Our new results further demonstrate that the elevated content of human milk GAGs passes undigested through the entire digestive system of newborns, possibly protecting the infant from infections. In the distal gastrointestinal tract, these complex macromolecules are catabolized by a cohort of bacterial enzymes and constituent monosaccharides/oligosaccharides utilized for further metabolic purposes potentially useful for bacteria metabolism or internalized by intestinal cells. Thanks to their elevated structural heterogeneity, milk GAGs are used differently depending on their distinct primary structure. Finally, a different utilization and availability was observed for human milk GAGs compared to formula milk due to their various composition and structural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Orazio Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Presidio Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Carlucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Ascoli Piceno Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Lucia Zampini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Presidio Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Galeazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Presidio Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni V Coppa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Presidio Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Soroosh A, Albeiroti S, West GA, Willard B, Fiocchi C, de la Motte CA. Crohn's Disease Fibroblasts Overproduce the Novel Protein KIAA1199 to Create Proinflammatory Hyaluronan Fragments. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:358-368.e4. [PMID: 27981209 PMCID: PMC5042354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Fibrosis, a serious complication of CD, occurs when activated intestinal fibroblasts deposit excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) in affected areas. A major component of the ECM is high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HA) that, when depolymerized to low-molecular-weight fragments, becomes proinflammatory and profibrotic. Mechanisms for HA degradation are incompletely understood, but the novel protein KIAA1199 recently was discovered to degrade HA. We hypothesized that KIAA1199 protein is increased in CD colon fibroblasts and generates HA fragments that foster inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from explants of surgically resected colon tissue from CD and non-inflammatory bowel disease control (ND) patients. Protein levels and tissue distribution of KIAA1199 were assessed by immunoblot and immunostaining, and functional HA degradation was measured biochemically. RESULTS Increased levels of KIAA1199 protein were produced and deposited in the ECM by cultured CD fibroblasts compared with controls. Treatment of fibroblasts with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 increased deposition of KIAA1199 in the ECM. CD fibroblasts also produce significantly higher levels of IL6 compared with controls, and antibody blockade of IL6 receptors in CD colon fibroblasts decreased the level of KIAA1199 protein in the ECM. Colon fibroblasts degrade HA, however, small interfering RNA silencing of KIAA1199 abrogated that ability. CONCLUSIONS CD fibroblasts produce increased levels of KIAA1199 primarily through an IL6-driven autocrine mechanism. This leads to excessive degradation of HA and the generation of proinflammatory HA fragments, which contributes to maintenance of gut inflammation and fibrosis.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- Crohn’s Disease
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fibrosis
- HA, hyaluronan
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- HIF, human intestinal fibroblasts
- HYAL, hyaluronidase
- Hyaluronan
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- IL6R, interleukin 6 receptor
- KIAA1199
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- ND, non–inflammatory bowel disease control
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Artin Soroosh
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sami Albeiroti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gail A. West
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Belinda Willard
- Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol A. de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Carol A. de la Motte, PhD, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, NC22, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. fax: (216) 636-0104.Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicNC22, 9500 Euclid AvenueClevelandOhio 44195
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