1
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Liu A, Zhou K, Martínez MA, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Ares I. A "Janus" face of the RASSF4 signal in cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:466-479. [PMID: 34553373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RASSF4 (Ras-association domain family 4) is a protein-coding gene, regarded as a tumor suppressor regulated by DNA methylation. However, RASSF4 acts as a "Janus" in cell fate: death and survival. This review article focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of RASSF4 on cell death and cell survival and puts forward a comprehensive analysis of the relevant signaling pathways. The participation of RASSF4 in the regulation of intracellular store-operated Ca2+ entry also affects cell survival. Moreover, the mechanism of inducing abnormal expression of RASSF4 was summarized. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of RASSF4 function in the development of cancer and other clinical diseases, which may provide insight into the controversial functions of RASSF4 and its potential application in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- Department of National Reference, Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of MOA, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Department of National Reference, Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of MOA, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - María Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of National Reference, Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of MOA, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Rana B, Rana A. The regulatory function of mixed lineage kinase 3 in tumor and host immunity. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107704. [PMID: 33045253 PMCID: PMC7887016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are the second most sought-after G-protein coupled receptors as drug targets because of their overexpression, mutations, and dysregulated catalytic activities in various pathological conditions. Till 2019, 48 protein kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of multiple illnesses, of which the majority of them are indicated for different malignancies. One of the attractive sub-group of protein kinases that has attracted attention for drug development is the family members of MAPKs that are recognized to play significant roles in different cancers. Several inhibitors have been developed against various MAPK members; however, none of them as monotherapy has shown sustainable efficacy. One of the MAPK members, called Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3), has attracted considerable attention due to its role in inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in cancer is an emerging area that needs more investigation. Recent advances have shown that MLK3 plays a role in cancer cell survival, migration, drug resistance, cell death, and tumor immunity. This review describes how MLK3 regulates different MAPK pathways, cancer cell growth and survival, apoptosis, and host's immunity. We also discuss how MLK3 inhibitors can potentially be used along with immunotherapy for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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3
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Sex Difference of Ribosome in Stroke-Induced Peripheral Immunosuppression by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3650935. [PMID: 33354565 PMCID: PMC7735851 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3650935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) greatly threatens human health resulting in high mortality and substantial loss of function. Recent studies have shown that the outcome of IS has sex specific, but its mechanism is still unclear. This study is aimed at identifying the sexually dimorphic to peripheral immune response in IS progression, predicting potential prognostic biomarkers that can lead to sex-specific outcome, and revealing potential treatment targets. Gene expression dataset GSE37587, including 68 peripheral whole blood samples which were collected within 24 hours from known onset of symptom and again at 24-48 hours after onset (20 women and 14 men), was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. First, using Bioconductor R package, two kinds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (nonsex-specific- and sex-specific-DEGs) were screened by follow-up (24-48 hours) vs. baseline (24 hours). 30 nonsex-specific DEGs (1 upregulated and 29 downregulated), 79 female-specific DEGs (25 upregulated and 54 downregulated), and none of male-specific DEGs were obtained finally. Second, bioinformatics analysis of female-specific DEGs was performed. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation analysis shows that DEGs were mainly enriched in translational initiation, cytosolic ribosome, and structural constituent of ribosome. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis shows that the top 6 enrichment pathways are ribosome, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathway, apoptosis, mineral absorption, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and pertussis. Three functional modules were clustered in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs. The top 10 key genes of the PPI network constructed were selected, including RPS14, RPS15A, RPS24, FAU, RPL27, RPL31, RPL34, RPL35A, RSL24D1, and EEF1B2. Sex difference of ribosome in stroke-induced peripheral immunosuppression may be the potential mechanism of sex disparities in outcome after IS, and women are more likely to have stroke-induced immunosuppression. RPS14, RPS15A, RPS24, FAU, RPL27, RPL31, RPL34, RPL35A, RSL24D1, and EEF1B2 may be novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IS.
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4
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Borowicz P, Chan H, Hauge A, Spurkland A. Adaptor proteins: Flexible and dynamic modulators of immune cell signalling. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12951. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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5
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Rossetti M, Brannetti S, Mocenigo M, Marini B, Ippodrino R, Porchetta A. Harnessing Effective Molarity to Design an Electrochemical DNA‐based Platform for Clinically Relevant Antibody Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14973-14978. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Simone Brannetti
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Marco Mocenigo
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. Area Science Park 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Bruna Marini
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. Area Science Park 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Rudy Ippodrino
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. Area Science Park 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
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Rossetti M, Brannetti S, Mocenigo M, Marini B, Ippodrino R, Porchetta A. Harnessing Effective Molarity to Design an Electrochemical DNA‐based Platform for Clinically Relevant Antibody Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Simone Brannetti
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Marco Mocenigo
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. Area Science Park 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Bruna Marini
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. Area Science Park 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Rudy Ippodrino
- Ulisse BioMed S.r.l. Area Science Park 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
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Sørensen CS, Kjaergaard M. Effective concentrations enforced by intrinsically disordered linkers are governed by polymer physics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23124-23131. [PMID: 31659043 PMCID: PMC6859346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904813116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many multidomain proteins contain disordered linkers that regulate interdomain contacts, and thus the effective concentrations that govern intramolecular reactions. Effective concentrations are rarely measured experimentally, and therefore little is known about how they relate to linker architecture. We have directly measured the effective concentrations enforced by disordered protein linkers using a fluorescent biosensor. We show that effective concentrations follow simple geometric models based on polymer physics, offering an indirect method to probe the structural properties of the linker. The compaction of the disordered linker depends not only on net charge, but also on the type of charged residues. In contrast to theoretical predictions, we found that polyampholyte linkers can contract to similar dimensions as globular proteins. Hydrophobicity has little effect in itself, but aromatic residues lead to strong compaction, likely through π-interactions. Finally, we find that the individual contributors to chain compaction are not additive. We thus demonstrate that direct measurement of effective concentrations can be used in systematic studies of the relationship between sequence and structure of intrinsically disordered proteins. A quantitative understanding of the relationship between effective concentration and linker sequence will be crucial for understanding disorder-based allosteric regulation in multidomain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000
- The Danish Research Institute for Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000
| | - Magnus Kjaergaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000;
- The Danish Research Institute for Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000
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8
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Helfenberger KE, Castillo AF, Mele PG, Fiore A, Herrera L, Finocchietto P, Podestá EJ, Poderoso C. Angiotensin II stimulation promotes mitochondrial fusion as a novel mechanism involved in protein kinase compartmentalization and cholesterol transport in human adrenocortical cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105413. [PMID: 31202858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In steroid-producing cells, cholesterol transport from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane is the first and rate-limiting step for the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Cholesterol can be transported into mitochondria by specific mitochondrial protein carriers like the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). StAR is phosphorylated by mitochondrial ERK in a cAMP-dependent transduction pathway to achieve maximal steroid production. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo replication, mitophagy and morphology changes, all processes allowed by mitochondrial fusion and fission, known as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitofusin (Mfn) 1 and 2 are GTPases involved in the regulation of fusion, while dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is the major regulator of mitochondrial fission. Despite the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neurological and endocrine disorders, little is known about fusion/fission in steroidogenic tissues. In this context, the present work aimed to study the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in protein subcellular compartmentalization, mitochondrial dynamics and the involvement of this process in the regulation of aldosterone synthesis. We demonstrate here that Ang II stimulation promoted the recruitment and activation of PKCε, ERK and its upstream kinase MEK to the mitochondria, all of them essential for steroid synthesis. Moreover, Ang II prompted a shift from punctate to tubular/elongated (fusion) mitochondrial shape, in line with the observation of hormone-dependent upregulation of Mfn2 levels. Concomitantly, mitochondrial Drp1 was diminished, driving mitochondria toward fusion. Moreover, Mfn2 expression is required for StAR, ERK and MEK mitochondrial localization and ultimately for aldosterone synthesis. Collectively, this study provides fresh insights into the importance of hormonal regulation in mitochondrial dynamics as a novel mechanism involved in aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia E Helfenberger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana F Castillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo G Mele
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Fiore
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Herrera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Finocchietto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Laboratorio del Metabolismo del Oxígeno, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1121ABJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Podestá
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Feng H, Raasholm M, Moosmann A, Campsteijn C, Thompson EM. Switching of INCENP paralogs controls transitions in mitotic chromosomal passenger complex functions. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2006-2025. [PMID: 31306061 PMCID: PMC6681789 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A single inner centromere protein (INCENP) found throughout eukaryotes modulates Aurora B kinase activity and chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) localization, which is essential for timely mitotic progression. It has been proposed that INCENP might act as a rheostat to regulate Aurora B activity through mitosis, with successively higher activity threshold levels for chromosome alignment, the spindle checkpoint, anaphase spindle transfer and finally spindle elongation and cytokinesis. It remains mechanistically unclear how this would be achieved. Here, we reveal that the urochordate, Oikopleura dioica, possesses two INCENP paralogs, which display distinct localizations and subfunctionalization in order to complete M-phase. INCENPa was localized on chromosome arms and centromeres by prometaphase, and modulated Aurora B activity to mediate H3S10/S28 phosphorylation, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly and transfer of the CPC to the central spindle. Polo-like kinase (Plk1) recruitment to CDK1 phosphorylated INCENPa was crucial for INCENPa-Aurora B enrichment on centromeres. The second paralog, INCENPb was enriched on centromeres from prometaphase, and relocated to the central spindle at anaphase onset. In the absence of INCENPa, meiotic spindles failed to form, and homologous chromosomes did not segregate. INCENPb was not required for early to mid M-phase events but became essential for the activity and localization of Aurora B on the central spindle and midbody during cytokinesis in order to allow abscission to occur. Together, our results demonstrate that INCENP paralog switching on centromeres modulates Aurora B kinase localization, thus chronologically regulating CPC functions during fast embryonic divisions in the urochordate O. dioica. Abbreviations: CCAN: constitutive centromere-associated network; CENPs: centromere proteins; cmRNA: capped messenger RNA; CPC: chromosomal passenger complex; INCENP: inner centromere protein; Plk1: polo-like kinase 1; PP1: protein phosphatase 1; PP2A: protein phosphatase 2A; SAC: spindle assembly checkpoint; SAH: single α-helix domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Feng
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martina Raasholm
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Moosmann
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Coen Campsteijn
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric M. Thompson
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Greenwald EC, Mehta S, Zhang J. Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors Illuminate the Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling Networks. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11707-11794. [PMID: 30550275 PMCID: PMC7462118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over 25 years ago enabled the development of a diverse array of genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors that are capable of measuring the spatiotemporal dynamics of signal transduction pathways in live cells. In an effort to encapsulate the breadth over which fluorescent biosensors have expanded, we endeavored to assemble a comprehensive list of published engineered biosensors, and we discuss many of the molecular designs utilized in their development. Then, we review how the high temporal and spatial resolution afforded by fluorescent biosensors has aided our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks at the cellular and subcellular level. Finally, we highlight some emerging areas of research in both biosensor design and applications that are on the forefront of biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Greenwald
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
| | - Sohum Mehta
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
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Protein kinase Cα gain-of-function variant in Alzheimer's disease displays enhanced catalysis by a mechanism that evades down-regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5497-E5505. [PMID: 29844158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805046115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional protein kinase C (PKC) family members are reversibly activated by binding to the second messengers Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, events that break autoinhibitory constraints to allow the enzyme to adopt an active, but degradation-sensitive, conformation. Perturbing these autoinhibitory constraints, resulting in protein destabilization, is one of many mechanisms by which PKC function is lost in cancer. Here, we address how a gain-of-function germline mutation in PKCα in Alzheimer's disease (AD) enhances signaling without increasing vulnerability to down-regulation. Biochemical analyses of purified protein demonstrate that this mutation results in an ∼30% increase in the catalytic rate of the activated enzyme, with no changes in the concentrations of Ca2+ or lipid required for half-maximal activation. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that this mutation has both localized and allosteric effects, most notably decreasing the dynamics of the C-helix, a key determinant in the catalytic turnover of kinases. Consistent with this mutation not altering autoinhibitory constraints, live-cell imaging studies reveal that the basal signaling output of PKCα-M489V is unchanged. However, the mutant enzyme in cells displays increased sensitivity to an inhibitor that is ineffective toward scaffolded PKC, suggesting the altered dynamics of the kinase domain may influence protein interactions. Finally, we show that phosphorylation of a key PKC substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate, is increased in brains of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited mice containing the PKCα-M489V mutation. Our results unveil how an AD-associated mutation in PKCα permits enhanced agonist-dependent signaling via a mechanism that evades the cell's homeostatic down-regulation of constitutively active PKCα.
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Tan PM, Buchholz KS, Omens JH, McCulloch AD, Saucerman JJ. Predictive model identifies key network regulators of cardiomyocyte mechano-signaling. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005854. [PMID: 29131824 PMCID: PMC5703578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain is a potent stimulus for growth and remodeling in cells. Although many pathways have been implicated in stretch-induced remodeling, the control structures by which signals from distinct mechano-sensors are integrated to modulate hypertrophy and gene expression in cardiomyocytes remain unclear. Here, we constructed and validated a predictive computational model of the cardiac mechano-signaling network in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying signal integration. The model identifies calcium, actin, Ras, Raf1, PI3K, and JAK as key regulators of cardiac mechano-signaling and characterizes crosstalk logic imparting differential control of transcription by AT1R, integrins, and calcium channels. We find that while these regulators maintain mostly independent control over distinct groups of transcription factors, synergy between multiple pathways is necessary to activate all the transcription factors necessary for gene transcription and hypertrophy. We also identify a PKG-dependent mechanism by which valsartan/sacubitril, a combination drug recently approved for treating heart failure, inhibits stretch-induced hypertrophy, and predict further efficacious pairs of drug targets in the network through a network-wide combinatorial search. Common stresses such as high blood pressure or heart attack can lead to heart failure, which afflicts over 25 million people worldwide. These stresses cause cardiomyocytes to grow and remodel, which may initially be beneficial but ultimately worsen heart function. Current heart failure drugs such as beta-blockers counteract biochemical cues prompting cardiomyocyte growth, yet mechanical cues to cardiomyocytes such as stretch are just as important in driving cardiac dysfunction. However, no pharmacological treatments have yet been approved that specifically target mechano-signaling, in part because it is not clear how cardiomyocytes integrate signals from multiple mechano-responsive sensors and pathways into their decision to grow. To address this challenge, we built a systems-level computational model that represents 125 interactions between 94 stretch-responsive signaling molecules. The model correctly predicts 134 of 172 previous independent experimental observations, and identifies the key regulators of stretch-induced cardiomyocyte remodeling. Although cardiomyocytes have many mechano-signaling pathways that function largely independently, we find that cooperation between them is necessary to cause growth and remodeling. We identify mechanisms by which a recently approved heart failure drug pair affects mechano-signaling, and we further predict additional pairs of drug targets that could be used to help reverse heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kyle S. Buchholz
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey H. Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Brown KL, Cummings CF, Vanacore RM, Hudson BG. Building collagen IV smart scaffolds on the outside of cells. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2151-2161. [PMID: 28845540 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV scaffolds assemble through an intricate pathway that begins intracellularly and is completed extracellularly. Multiple intracellular enzymes act in concert to assemble collagen IV protomers, the building blocks of collagen IV scaffolds. After being secreted from cells, protomers are activated to initiate oligomerization, forming insoluble networks that are structurally reinforced with covalent crosslinks. Within these networks, embedded binding sites along the length of the protomer lead to the "decoration" of collagen IV triple helix with numerous functional molecules. We refer to these networks as "smart" scaffolds, which as a component of the basement membrane enable the development and function of multicellular tissues in all animal phyla. In this review, we present key molecular mechanisms that drive the assembly of collagen IV smart scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | | | - Roberto M Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
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14
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Abstract
All cellular behaviors arise through the coordinated actions of numerous intracellular biochemical pathways. Over the past 20 years, efforts to probe intracellular biochemical processes have undergone a fundamental transformation brought about by advances in fluorescence imaging, such as the development of genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and new imaging technologies; the impact of these approaches on our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of biological function cannot be understated. In particular, the ability to obtain information on the spatiotemporal regulation of biochemical processes unfolding in real time in the native context of a living cell has crystallized the view, long a matter of speculation, that cells achieve specific biological outcomes through the imposition of spatial control over the distribution of various biomolecules, and their associated biochemical activities, within the cellular environment. Indeed, the compartmentalization of biochemical activities by cells is now known to be pervasive and to span a multitude of spatial scales, from the length of a cell to just a few enzymes. In this Perspective, part of this special issue on "Seeing into cells", we highlight several recent imaging studies that provide detailed insights into not just where molecules are but where molecules are active within cells, offering a glimpse into the emerging view of biochemical activity architecture as a complement to the physical architecture of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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15
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Tenner B, Mehta S, Zhang J. Optical sensors to gain mechanistic insights into signaling assemblies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 41:203-210. [PMID: 27611602 PMCID: PMC5423777 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein complexes play a major role in transducing information from outside the cell into instructions for growth and survival, and understanding how these complexes relay and shape intracellular signals has been a central question in signaling biology. Fluorescent proteins have proven paramount in opening windows for researchers to peer into the architecture and inner workings of signaling assemblies within the living cell and in real-time. In this review, we will provide readers with a current perspective on the development and use of genetically encoded optical probes to dissect the function of signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tenner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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16
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Zeigler AC, Richardson WJ, Holmes JW, Saucerman JJ. Computational modeling of cardiac fibroblasts and fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:73-83. [PMID: 26608708 PMCID: PMC4846515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered fibroblast behavior can lead to pathologic changes in the heart such as arrhythmia, diastolic dysfunction, and systolic dysfunction. Computational models are increasingly used as a tool to identify potential mechanisms driving a phenotype or potential therapeutic targets against an unwanted phenotype. Here we review how computational models incorporating cardiac fibroblasts have clarified the role for these cells in electrical conduction and tissue remodeling in the heart. Models of fibroblast signaling networks have primarily focused on fibroblast cell lines or fibroblasts from other tissues rather than cardiac fibroblasts, specifically, but they are useful for understanding how fundamental signaling pathways control fibroblast phenotype. In the future, modeling cardiac fibroblast signaling, incorporating -omics and drug-interaction data into signaling network models, and utilizing multi-scale models will improve the ability of in silico studies to predict potential therapeutic targets against adverse cardiac fibroblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Zeigler
- University of Virginia, Biomedical Engineering Department, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - William J Richardson
- University of Virginia, Biomedical Engineering Department, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- University of Virginia, Biomedical Engineering Department, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- University of Virginia, Biomedical Engineering Department, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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17
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Asati V, Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways inhibitors as anticancer agents: Structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:314-41. [PMID: 26807863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinases regulate cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth and survival by the process of phosphorylation. Over activation of signaling pathways play a major role in oncogenesis. The PI3K signaling pathway is dysregulated almost in all cancers due to the amplification, genetic mutation of PI3K gene and the components of the PI3K pathway themselves. Stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways enhances growth, survival, and metabolism of cancer cells. Recently, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways have been identified as promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. The kinase inhibitors with enhanced specificity and improved pharmacokinetics have been considered for design and development of anticancer agents. This review focuses primarily on the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways as therapeutic targets of anticancer drugs, their specific and dual inhibitors, structure activity relationships (SARs) and inhibitors under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Asati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
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18
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Hoffman NJ, Parker BL, Chaudhuri R, Fisher-Wellman KH, Kleinert M, Humphrey SJ, Yang P, Holliday M, Trefely S, Fazakerley DJ, Stöckli J, Burchfield JG, Jensen TE, Jothi R, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, James DE. Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Human Skeletal Muscle Reveals a Network of Exercise-Regulated Kinases and AMPK Substrates. Cell Metab 2015; 22:922-35. [PMID: 26437602 PMCID: PMC4635038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is essential in regulating energy metabolism and whole-body insulin sensitivity. To explore the exercise signaling network, we undertook a global analysis of protein phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle biopsies from untrained healthy males before and after a single high-intensity exercise bout, revealing 1,004 unique exercise-regulated phosphosites on 562 proteins. These included substrates of known exercise-regulated kinases (AMPK, PKA, CaMK, MAPK, mTOR), yet the majority of kinases and substrate phosphosites have not previously been implicated in exercise signaling. Given the importance of AMPK in exercise-regulated metabolism, we performed a targeted in vitro AMPK screen and employed machine learning to predict exercise-regulated AMPK substrates. We validated eight predicted AMPK substrates, including AKAP1, using targeted phosphoproteomics. Functional characterization revealed an undescribed role for AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of AKAP1 in mitochondrial respiration. These data expose the unexplored complexity of acute exercise signaling and provide insights into the role of AMPK in mitochondrial biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan J Hoffman
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rima Chaudhuri
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Systems Biology Section, Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mira Holliday
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Raja Jothi
- Systems Biology Section, Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Bente Kiens
- University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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19
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Abstract
Precise control of the amplitude of protein kinase C (PKC) signalling is essential for cellular homoeostasis, and disruption of this control leads to pathophysiological states such as cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. For conventional and novel PKC, this amplitude is meticulously tuned by multiple inputs that regulate the amount of enzyme in the cell, its ability to sense its allosteric activator diacylglycerol, and protein scaffolds that co-ordinate access to substrates. Key to regulation of the signalling output of most PKC isoenzymes is the ability of cytosolic enzyme to respond to the membrane-embedded lipid second messenger, diacylglycerol, in a dynamic range that prevents signalling in the absence of agonists but allows efficient activation in response to small changes in diacylglycerol levels. The present review discusses the regulatory inputs that control the spatiotemporal dynamics of PKC signalling, with a focus on conventional and novel PKC isoenzymes.
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20
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Lucke-Wold BP, Turner RC, Logsdon AF, Simpkins JW, Alkon DL, Smith KE, Chen YW, Tan Z, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Common mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke: the role of protein kinase C in the progression of age-related neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 43:711-24. [PMID: 25114088 PMCID: PMC4446718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite being distinct disease entities, share numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as those mediated by inflammation, immune exhaustion, and neurovascular unit compromise. An important shared mechanistic link is acute and chronic changes in protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC isoforms have widespread functions important for memory, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and injury repair that change as the body ages. Disease states accelerate PKC functional modifications. Mutated forms of PKC can contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. In some cases the PKC isoforms are still functional but are not successfully translocated to appropriate locations within the cell. The deficits in proper PKC translocation worsen stroke outcome and amyloid-β toxicity. Cross talk between the innate immune system and PKC pathways contribute to the vascular status within the aging brain. Unfortunately, comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension disrupt normal communication between the two systems. The focus of this review is to highlight what is known about PKC function, how isoforms of PKC change with age, and what additional alterations are consequences of stroke and AD. The goal is to highlight future therapeutic targets that can be applied to both the treatment and prevention of neurologic disease. Although the pathology of ischemic stroke and AD are different, the similarity in PKC responses warrants further investigation, especially as PKC-dependent events may serve as an important connection linking age-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W. Simpkins
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Daniel L. Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kelly E. Smith
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zhenjun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jason D. Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Correspondence to: Charles L. Rosen, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Suite 4300, Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506-9183, USA. Tel.: +1 304 293 5041; Fax: +1 304 293 4819;
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21
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Onal B, Unudurthi SD, Hund TJ. Modeling CaMKII in cardiac physiology: from molecule to tissue. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:9. [PMID: 24550832 PMCID: PMC3912431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of membrane proteins (e.g., ion channels, receptors) by protein kinases is an essential mechanism for control of excitable cell function. Importantly, loss of temporal and/or spatial control of ion channel post-translational modification is common in congenital and acquired forms of cardiac disease and arrhythmia. The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates a number of diverse cellular functions in heart, including excitation-contraction coupling, gene transcription, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of CaMKII signaling has been implicated in human and animal models of disease. Understanding of CaMKII function has been advanced by mathematical modeling approaches well-suited to the study of complex biological systems. Early kinetic models of CaMKII function in the brain characterized this holoenzyme as a bistable molecular switch capable of storing information over a long period of time. Models of CaMKII activity have been incorporated into models of the cell and tissue (particularly in the heart) to predict the role of CaMKII in regulating organ function. Disease models that incorporate CaMKII overexpression clearly demonstrate a link between its excessive activity and arrhythmias associated with congenital and acquired heart disease. This review aims at discussing systems biology approaches that have been applied to analyze CaMKII signaling from the single molecule to intact cardiac tissue. In particular, efforts to use computational biology to provide new insight into cardiac disease mechanisms are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birce Onal
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sathya D Unudurthi
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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