1
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Bhole RP, Chikhale RV, Rathi KM. Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:8-42. [PMID: 38169888 PMCID: PMC10758887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3β, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh P. Bhole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | | | - Karishma M. Rathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Dr. D. Y. Patil institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
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2
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Zuo Y, Liu HT, Lin LB, Yue RZ, Liu HH, Wang HW, Wang L, Hou RL, Liu WZ, Li CZ, Wang JZ, Li P, Yin YL. A new metal ion chelator attenuates human tau accumulation-induced neurodegeneration and memory deficits in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114657. [PMID: 38141802 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal neurofibrillary tangles containing Tau hyperphosphorylation proteins are a typical pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The level of tangles in neurons correlates positively with severe dementia. However, how Tau induces cognitive dysfunction is still unknown, which leads to a lack of effective treatments for AD. Metal ions deposition occurs with tangles in AD brain autopsy. Reduced metal ion can improve the pathology of AD. To explore whether abnormally phosphorylated Tau causes metal ion deposition, we overexpressed human full-length Tau (hTau) in the hippocampal CA3 area of mice and primary cultured hippocampal neurons (CPHN) and found that Tau accumulation induced iron deposition and activated calcineurin (CaN), which dephosphorylates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), mediating Tau hyperphosphorylation. Simultaneous activation of CaN dephosphorylates cyclic-AMP response binding protein (CREB), leading to synaptic deficits and memory impairment, as shown in our previous study; this seems to be a vicious cycle exacerbating tauopathy. In the current study, we developed a new metal ion chelator that displayed a significant inhibitory effect on Tau phosphorylation and memory impairment by chelating iron ions in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of memory impairment induced by Tau accumulation and develop a novel potential treatment for tauopathy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zuo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lai-Biao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Yue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ruan-Ling Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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3
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Zeng L, Zhang X, Xia M, Ye H, Li H, Gao Z. Heme and Cu 2+-induced vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) tyrosine nitration: A possible molecular mechanism for the attenuated anti-inflammatory effect of VIP in inflammatory diseases. Biochimie 2023; 214:176-187. [PMID: 37481062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that play an important role in immunoregulation and anti-inflammation. Numerous inflammatory/autoimmune disorders are associated with decreased VIP binding ability to receptors and diminished VIP activation of cAMP generation in immune cells. However, the mechanisms linking oxidative/nitrative stress to VIP immune dysfunction remain unknown. It has been reported that the elevated heme or Cu2+ in inflammatory diseases can cause oxidative and nitrative damage to nearby biological targets under high oxidative stress conditions, which affects the structure and activity of linked peptides or proteins. Thus, the VIP down-regulated immune response may be interfered by redox metal catalyzed VIP tyrosine nitration. To explore this, we systematically investigated the possibility of heme or Cu2+ to catalyze VIP tyrosine nitration. The results showed that Tyr10 and Tyr22 of VIP can both be nitrated in heme/H2O2/NO2- system as well as in Cu2+/H2O2/NO2- system. Then, we used synthetic mutant VIPs with tyrosine residues substituted by 3-nitrotyrosine to study the impact of tyrosine nitration on VIP activity in SHSY-5Y cells. Our findings demonstrated that VIP nitration dramatically decreased the content of its α-helix and random coil, suggesting that VIP nitration might reduce its affinity to the receptor. This was further confirmed in the cAMP assay. The results showed that 10 nM of these tyrosine nitrated VIPs could significantly (p < 0.01) decrease cAMP secretion compared to the wild type VIP. Our data reveal that the attenuation of the neuroprotective effect of VIP in inflammation-related diseases might be attributed to metal-catalyzed VIP tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Mengyang Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Huixian Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343009, PR China.
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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4
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Cendrowska-Pinkosz M, Krauze M, Juśkiewicz J, Fotschki B, Ognik K. The Influence of Copper Nanoparticles on Neurometabolism Marker Levels in the Brain and Intestine in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11321. [PMID: 37511079 PMCID: PMC10378742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different forms and dosages of copper on the levels of markers depicting the neurodegenerative changes in the brain and the jejunum. The experiment was performed using 40 male Wistar rats fed a typical rat diet with two dosages of Cu used as CuCO3 (6.5 and 13 mg/kg diet) and dietary addition of two CuNP dosages (standard 6.5 and enhanced 13 mg/kg diet), randomly divided into four groups. The levels of neurodegenerative markers were evaluated. Nanoparticles caused a reduction in the level of glycosylated acetylcholinesterase (GAChE), an increase the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a reduction in β-amyloid (βAP) in the brain and in the intestine of rats and a reduction in Tau protein in the brain of rats. The highest levels of AChE, the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) and LRP1 and lower levels of toxic GAChE, β-amyloid, Tau, hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) and the complex of calmodulin and Ca2+ (CAMK2a) were recorded in the tissues of rats receiving a standard dose of Cu. The neuroprotective effect of Cu can be increased by replacing the carbonate form with nanoparticles and there is no need to increase the dose of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cendrowska-Pinkosz
- Chair and Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- CM Alergologia, 20-865 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krauze
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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5
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Heerde T, Bansal A, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Cryo-EM structure of a catalytic amyloid fibril. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4070. [PMID: 36906667 PMCID: PMC10008563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic amyloid fibrils are novel types of bioinspired, functional materials that combine the chemical and mechanical robustness of amyloids with the ability to catalyze a certain chemical reaction. In this study we used cryo-electron microcopy to analyze the amyloid fibril structure and the catalytic center of amyloid fibrils that hydrolyze ester bonds. Our findings show that catalytic amyloid fibrils are polymorphic and consist of similarly structured, zipper-like building blocks that consist of mated cross-β sheets. These building blocks define the fibril core, which is decorated by a peripheral leaflet of peptide molecules. The observed structural arrangement differs from previously described catalytic amyloid fibrils and yielded a new model of the catalytic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heerde
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Akanksha Bansal
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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6
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Khan AN, Khan RH. Protein misfolding and related human diseases: A comprehensive review of toxicity, proteins involved, and current therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:143-160. [PMID: 36356861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the cell's chemical reactions and structural components are facilitated by proteins. But proteins are highly dynamic molecules, where numerous modifications or changes in the cellular environment can affect their native conformational fold leading to protein aggregation. Various stress conditions, such as oxidative stress, mutations and metal toxicity may cause protein misfolding and aggregation by shifting the conformational equilibrium towards more aggregation-prone states. Most of the protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) involve aggregation of protein. We have discussed such proteins like Aβ peptide, α-synuclein, amylin and lysozyme involved in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type II diabetes and non-neuropathic systemic amyloidosis respectively. Till date, all advances in PMDs therapeutics help symptomatically but do not prevent the root cause of the disease, i.e., the aggregation of protein involved in the diseases. Current efforts focused on developing therapies for PMDs have employed diverse strategies; repositioning pre-existing drugs as it saves time and money; natural compounds that are touted as potential drug candidates have an advantage of being taken in diet normally and will induce lesser side effects. This review also covers recently developed therapeutic strategies like antisense drugs and disaggregases which has yielded therapeutic agents that have transitioned from preclinical studies into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India
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7
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Cunliffe G, Lim YT, Chae W, Jung S. Alternative Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Neuromodulator Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123064. [PMID: 36551821 PMCID: PMC9776382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising 70% of dementia diagnoses worldwide and affecting 1 in 9 people over the age of 65. However, the majority of its treatments, which predominantly target the cholinergic system, remain insufficient at reversing pathology and act simply to slow the inevitable progression of the disease. The most recent neurotransmitter-targeting drug for AD was approved in 2003, strongly suggesting that targeting neurotransmitter systems alone is unlikely to be sufficient, and that research into alternate treatment avenues is urgently required. Neuromodulators are substances released by neurons which influence neurotransmitter release and signal transmission across synapses. Neuromodulators including neuropeptides, hormones, neurotrophins, ATP and metal ions display altered function in AD, which underlies aberrant neuronal activity and pathology. However, research into how the manipulation of neuromodulators may be useful in the treatment of AD is relatively understudied. Combining neuromodulator targeting with more novel methods of drug delivery, such as the use of multi-targeted directed ligands, combinatorial drugs and encapsulated nanoparticle delivery systems, may help to overcome limitations of conventional treatments. These include difficulty crossing the blood-brain-barrier and the exertion of effects on a single target only. This review aims to highlight the ways in which neuromodulator functions are altered in AD and investigate how future therapies targeting such substances, which act upstream to classical neurotransmitter systems, may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the sustained search for more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cunliffe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yi Tang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Woori Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Baazaoui N, Iqbal K. Alzheimer's Disease: Challenges and a Therapeutic Opportunity to Treat It with a Neurotrophic Compound. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101409. [PMID: 36291618 PMCID: PMC9599095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset and multifactorial nature. A deficit in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity are considered the early pathological features associated with neurofibrillary tau and amyloid β pathologies and neuroinflammation. The imbalance of neurotrophic factors with an increase in FGF-2 level and a decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 4 (NT-4) in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and parietal cortex and disruption of the brain micro-environment are other characteristics of AD. Neurotrophic factors are crucial in neuronal differentiation, maturation, and survival. Several attempts to use neurotrophic factors to treat AD were made, but these trials were halted due to their blood-brain barrier (BBB) impermeability, short-half-life, and severe side effects. In the present review we mainly focus on the major etiopathology features of AD and the use of a small neurotrophic and neurogenic peptide mimetic compound; P021 that was discovered in our laboratory and was found to overcome the difficulties faced in the administration of the whole neurotrophic factor proteins. We describe pre-clinical studies on P021 and its potential as a therapeutic drug for AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. Our study is limited because it focuses only on P021 and the relevant literature; a more thorough investigation is required to review studies on various therapeutic approaches and potential drugs that are emerging in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-494-5259; Fax: +1-718-494-1080
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9
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Klose D, Vemulapalli SPB, Richman M, Rudnick S, Aisha V, Abayev M, Chemerovski M, Shviro M, Zitoun D, Majer K, Wili N, Goobes G, Griesinger C, Jeschke G, Rahimipour S. Cu 2+-Induced self-assembly and amyloid formation of a cyclic D,L-α-peptide: structure and function. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6699-6715. [PMID: 35234757 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, self-assembly of pathogenic proteins to cytotoxic intermediates is accelerated by the presence of metal ions such as Cu2+. Only low concentrations of these early transient oligomeric intermediates are present in a mixture of species during fibril formation, and hence information on the extent of structuring of these oligomers is still largely unknown. Here, we investigate dimers as the first intermediates in the Cu2+-driven aggregation of a cyclic D,L-α-peptide architecture. The unique structural and functional properties of this model system recapitulate the self-assembling properties of amyloidogenic proteins including β-sheet conformation and cross-interaction with pathogenic amyloids. We show that a histidine-rich cyclic D,L-α-octapeptide binds Cu2+ with high affinity and selectivity to generate amyloid-like cross-β-sheet structures. By taking advantage of backbone amide methylation to arrest the self-assembly at the dimeric stage, we obtain structural information and characterize the degree of local order for the dimer. We found that, while catalytic amounts of Cu2+ promote aggregation of the peptide to fibrillar structures, higher concentrations dose-dependently reduce fibrillization and lead to formation of spherical particles, showing self-assembly to different polymorphs. For the initial self-assembly step to the dimers, we found that Cu2+ is coordinated on average by two histidines, similar to self-assembled peptides, indicating that a similar binding interface is perpetuated during Cu2+-driven oligomerization. The dimer itself is found in heterogeneous conformations that undergo dynamic exchange, leading to the formation of different polymorphs at the initial stage of the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klose
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michal Richman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Safra Rudnick
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel. .,Bar-Ilan Institute for Technology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Vered Aisha
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Meital Abayev
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Marina Chemerovski
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Meital Shviro
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel. .,Bar-Ilan Institute for Technology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - David Zitoun
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel. .,Bar-Ilan Institute for Technology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Katharina Majer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nino Wili
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Gil Goobes
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Christian Griesinger
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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10
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Integrative analysis of OIP5-AS1/miR-129-5p/CREBBP axis as a potential therapeutic candidate in the pathogenesis of metal toxicity-induced Alzheimer's disease. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Probable Reasons for Neuron Copper Deficiency in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: The Complex Role of Amyloid. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that eventually leads the affected patients to die. The appearance of senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients is known as a main symptom of this disease. The plaques consist of different components, and according to numerous reports, their main components include beta-amyloid peptide and transition metals such as copper. In this disease, metal dyshomeostasis leads the number of copper ions to simultaneously increase in the plaques and decrease in neurons. Copper ions are essential for proper brain functioning, and one of the possible mechanisms of neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease is the copper depletion of neurons. However, the reason for the copper depletion is as yet unknown. Based on the available evidence, we suggest two possible reasons: the first is copper released from neurons (along with beta-amyloid peptides), which is deposited outside the neurons, and the second is the uptake of copper ions by activated microglia.
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12
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Hu ZW, Cruceta L, Zhang S, Sun Y, Qiang W. Cross-Seeded Fibrillation Induced by Pyroglutamate-3 and Truncated Aβ 40 Variants Leads to Aβ 40 Structural Polymorphism Modulation and Elevated Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3625-3637. [PMID: 34524791 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients contain not only the wild-type β-amyloid (wt-Aβ) peptide sequences but also a variety of post-translationally modified variants. The pyroglutamate-3 Aβ (pyroE3-Aβ), which is generated from its truncated precursors ΔE3-Aβ, shows the highest abundance among all modified Aβ variants. Previous works have shown that pyroE3-Aβ and/or ΔE3-Aβ, compared with the wild-type sequences, led to a more rapid fibrillation process and final fibrils with higher neuronal cytotoxicity levels. However, much less is known about how the formation of pyroE3/ΔE3-Aβ fibrils would affect the amyloid deposition of wt-Aβ peptides, which are the main pathological events in AD. We show in the present work that the pyroE3/ΔE3-Aβ40 fibrils differ significantly from the wt-Aβ40 fibrils in terms of their molecular structures. When added into monomeric wt-Aβ40 peptides, these variant fibrils can cross-seed the formation of wt-Aβ40 fibrils with fibrillation kinetics that are greater than the self-seeded fibrillation of wt-Aβ40. Furthermore, the cross-seeding process modulates the molecular structures of the yielded wt-Aβ40 fibrils, which show similar features as their variant seeds. The cross-seeded fibrillation process also induces higher cytotoxicity levels compared with the self-seeded fibrillation of wt-Aβ40. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that pyroE3 and ΔE3-Aβ40 variants may serve as triggering factors of the pathological amyloid aggregation of wt-Aβ40 and may underlie the pathological significance of pyroE3/ΔE3-Aβ40 variants on the structural polymorphism of Aβ deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Letticia Cruceta
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Yan Sun
- Small Scale Systems Integration and Package (S3IP) Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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13
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Golec C, Mortensen S, Anwar S, Martic-Milne S. Dual roles of tau R peptides on Cu(II)/(I)-mediated reactive oxygen species formation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:919-931. [PMID: 34554340 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis plays a critical role in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and protein misfolding and aggregation; hence, contributing to neurodegeneration. Tau protein plays a key role in normal cellular function by maintaining microtubule formation in brain. The role of metal ions on tau protein biochemistry has not been systematically evaluated, but earlier reports indicated that metal ions modulate the complex biochemistry of this protein and its peptides. Herein, we evaluated interactions of biologically-relevant Cu(II) ions with the four repeat peptides of tau protein (R1 through R4) and their role on the formation of ROS, Cu(II) to Cu(I) reduction, and ultimately, peptide aggregation. The role of R peptides on ROS formation was characterized in the absence and presence of biological reducing agent, ascorbate by using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the presence of the reducing agent, all Cu(II)-peptide complexes reduced hydroxyl radical (OH·), while only Cu(II)-R3 complex depleted the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the absence of a reducing agent, only Cu(II)-R2 and Cu(II)-R3 complexes, which contain Cys and His residues, produced OH· and H2O2. Only R2 and R3 peptides, but not R1 and R4, reduced Cu(II) to Cu(I). The aggregation propensities of R peptides were modulated by Cu(II) and ascorbate, and were imaged by transmission electron microscopy. All metallo-peptides were characterized predominantly as singly charged mononuclear complexes by mass spectrometry. The data indicate that Cu(II)-peptide complexes may act as pro-oxidants or antioxidants and exhibit unique aggregation propensities under specific environmental conditions, with implications in the biological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Golec
- Department of Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Science Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Shaelyn Mortensen
- Department of Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Science Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Saba Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Sanela Martic-Milne
- Department of Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Science Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
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14
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Golec C, Esteves-Villanueva JO, Martic S. Electrochemical characterization of Cu(II) complexes of brain-related tau peptides. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion dyshomeostasis plays an important role in diseases, including neurodegeneration. Tau protein is a known neurodegeneration biomarker, but its interactions with biologically relevant metal ions, such as Cu(II), are not fully understood. Herein, the Cu(II) complexes of four tau R peptides, based on the tau repeat domains, R1, R2, R3, and R4, were characterized by electrochemical methods, including cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry in solution under aerobic conditions. The current and potential associated with Cu(II)/(I) redox couple was modulated as a function of R peptide sequence and concentration. All R peptides coordinated Cu(II) resulting in a dramatic decrease in the current associated with free Cu(II), and the appearance of a new redox couple due to metallo–peptide complex. The metallo–peptide complexes were characterized by the irreversible redox couple at more positive potentials and slower electron-transfer rates compared with the free Cu(II). The competition binding studies between R peptides with Cu(II) indicated that the strongest binding affinity was observed for the R3 peptide, which contained 2 His and 1 Cys residues. The formation of complexes was also evaluated as a function of peptide concentration and in the presence of competing Zn(II) ions. Data indicate that all metallo–peptides remain redox active pointing to the potential importance of the interactions between tau protein with metal ions in a biological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Golec
- Department of Forensic Science and Environmental Life Sciences Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Road, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | | | - Sanela Martic
- Department of Forensic Science and Environmental Life Sciences Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Road, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
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15
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Crnich E, Lullo R, Tabaka A, Havens MA, Kissel DS. Interactions of copper and copper chelate compounds with the amyloid beta peptide: An investigation into electrochemistry, reactive oxygen species and peptide aggregation. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 222:111493. [PMID: 34116425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a fatal neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide with an increasing patient population as average life expectancy increases. Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques is characteristic of the disease and has been the target of numerous failed clinical trials. In light of this, therapeutics that target mechanisms of neuronal death beyond Aβ aggregation are needed. One potential target is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are created during an interaction between Aβ and copper ions. This work shows that ROS production can be slowed by disrupting the interaction between Aβ and copper using copper chelating compounds. We demonstrated that ROS are produced in the presence of Aβ and copper in solution by monitoring H2O2 production using a fluorescence-based assay, which increased when Cu2+ interacted with Aβ. In addition, we were able to show reduced ROS production, without exacerbating the aggregation of Aβ and in some cases alleviating it, by adding copper chelating ligands to the solution. Using cyclic voltammetry, we investigated how these different ligands influenced the electrochemical behavior of copper in solution revealing important insights into the mechanisms of ROS production and chemical interactions that result in decreased ROS rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Crnich
- Department of Biology, Lewis University, One University Pkwy, Romeoville, IL 60455, United States
| | - Rachel Lullo
- Department of Biology, Lewis University, One University Pkwy, Romeoville, IL 60455, United States; Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, One University Pkwy, Romeoville, IL 60455, United States
| | - Amber Tabaka
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, One University Pkwy, Romeoville, IL 60455, United States
| | - Mallory A Havens
- Department of Biology, Lewis University, One University Pkwy, Romeoville, IL 60455, United States
| | - Daniel S Kissel
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, One University Pkwy, Romeoville, IL 60455, United States.
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16
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Iuchi K, Takai T, Hisatomi H. Cell Death via Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Aggregation Diseases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:399. [PMID: 34064409 PMCID: PMC8147787 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes is a complicated cellular event, and it is both the cause and result of various diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. Lipid peroxidation causes non-apoptotic cell death, which is associated with cell fate determination: survival or cell death. During the radical chain reaction of lipid peroxidation, various oxidized lipid products accumulate in cells, followed by organelle dysfunction and the induction of non-apoptotic cell death. Highly reactive oxidized products from unsaturated fatty acids are detected under pathological conditions. Pathological protein aggregation is the general cause of these diseases. The cellular response to misfolded proteins is well-known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and it is partially concomitant with the response to lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the association between protein aggregation and non-apoptotic cell death by lipid peroxidation is attracting attention. The link between lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation is a matter of concern in biomedical fields. Here, we focus on lethal protein aggregation in non-apoptotic cell death via lipid peroxidation. We reviewed the roles of protein aggregation in the initiation and execution of non-apoptotic cell death. We also considered the relationship between protein aggregation and oxidized lipid production. We provide an overview of non-apoptotic cell death with a focus on lipid peroxidation for therapeutic targeting during protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan; (T.T.); (H.H.)
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17
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Romanucci V, Giordano M, De Tommaso G, Iuliano M, Bernini R, Clemente M, Garcia-Viñuales S, Milardi D, Zarrelli A, Di Fabio G. Synthesis of New Tyrosol-Based Phosphodiester Derivatives: Effect on Amyloid β Aggregation and Metal Chelation Ability. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1172-1183. [PMID: 33326184 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology that requires multifaceted agents able to address its peculiar nature. Increasing evidence has shown that aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and oxidative stress are strictly interconnected, and their modulation might have a positive and synergic effect in contrasting AD-related impairments. Herein, a new and efficient fragment-based approach towards tyrosol phosphodiester derivatives (TPDs) has been developed starting from suitable tyrosol building blocks and exploiting the well-established phosphoramidite chemistry. The antioxidant activity of new TPDs has been tested as well as their ability to inhibit Aβ protein aggregation. In addition, their metal chelating ability has been evaluated as a possible strategy to develop new natural-based entities for the prevention or therapy of AD. Interestingly, TPDs containing a catechol moiety have demonstrated highly promising activity in inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ40 and a strong ability to chelate biometals such as CuII and ZnII .
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Giordano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Tommaso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Iuliano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Clemente
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sara Garcia-Viñuales
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Lakey-Beitia J, Burillo AM, Penna GL, Hegde ML, Rao K. Polyphenols as Potential Metal Chelation Compounds Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S335-S357. [PMID: 32568200 PMCID: PMC7809605 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. The pathology of this multifactorial disease is primarily characterized by the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates; however, other etiological factors including metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), play critical role in disease progression. Because these transition metal ions are important for cellular function, their imbalance can cause oxidative stress that leads to cellular death and eventual cognitive decay. Importantly, these transition metal ions can interact with the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and Aβ42 peptide, affecting Aβ aggregation and increasing its neurotoxicity. Considering how metal dyshomeostasis may substantially contribute to AD, this review discusses polyphenols and the underlying chemical principles that may enable them to act as natural chelators. Furthermore, polyphenols have various therapeutic effects, including antioxidant activity, metal chelation, mitochondrial function, and anti-amyloidogenic activity. These combined therapeutic effects of polyphenols make them strong candidates for a moderate chelation-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Andrea M. Burillo
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Giovanni La Penna
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K.S. Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
- Zhongke Jianlan Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Republic of China
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19
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Park S, Yi Y, Lim MH. Reactivity of Flavonoids Containing a Catechol or Pyrogallol Moiety with Metal‐Free and Metal‐Associated Amyloid‐β. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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20
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Catechol-Type Flavonoids from the Branches of Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Exert Antioxidant Activity and an Inhibitory Effect on Amyloid-β Aggregation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214917. [PMID: 33114256 PMCID: PMC7660689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (Elaeagnaceae) is a small evergreen tree with narrow lanceolate leaves that is native to Korea. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of E. glabra f. oxyphylla branches (EGFOB) for the first time. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of the ethanol extract of EGFOB and each of its chemical components on key mediators of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), namely, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress. The ethanol extract of EGFOB decreased Aβ aggregation (IC50 = 32.01 µg/mL) and the levels of the oxidative free radicals 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 = 11.35 and 12.32 µg/mL, respectively). Sixteen compounds were isolated from EGFOB. Among them, procyanidin B3 (8), procyanidin B4 (9), and helichrysoside (13) significantly inhibited Aβ aggregation (IC50 = 14.59, 32.64, and 44.45 μM, respectively), indicating their potential as bioactive compounds to control Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, these compounds markedly enhanced in vitro scavenging activity against ABTS (IC50 = 3.21–4.61 µM). In the DPPH test, they showed lower scavenging activity than in the ABTS test (IC50 ≥ 54.88 µM). Thus, these results suggest that EGFOB and specifically compounds 8, 9, and 13 may be beneficial in AD prevention and treatment through their antioxidant and anti-Aβ aggregation activities.
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21
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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22
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Romanucci V, García-Viñuales S, Tempra C, Bernini R, Zarrelli A, Lolicato F, Milardi D, Di Fabio G. Modulating Aβ aggregation by tyrosol-based ligands: The crucial role of the catechol moiety. Biophys Chem 2020; 265:106434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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González-Ruiz V, Rajesh J, Olives AI, Rocchi D, Gómez-Carpintero J, González JF, Sridharan V, Martín MA, Menéndez JC. Antioxidants as Molecular Probes: Structurally Novel Dihydro- m-Terphenyls as Turn-On Fluorescence Chemodosimeters for Biologically Relevant Oxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070605. [PMID: 32664230 PMCID: PMC7402136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One interesting aspect of antioxidant organic molecules is their use as probes for the detection and quantitation of biologically relevant reactive oxidant species (ROS). In this context, a small library of dihydroterphenyl derivatives has been synthesised and studied as fluorescent chemodosimeters for detecting reactive oxygen species and hypochlorite. The fluorescence quantum yields of these molecules are negligible, while the corresponding aromatized compounds formed upon oxidation show moderate to high native fluorescence, depending on their structures. The fluorescence signal is quickly developed in the presence of trace amounts of the probe and the analytes in acetonitrile media at room temperature, with good analytical figures. ROS detection in aqueous media required incubation at 37 °C in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, and was applied to glucose quantitation by coupling glucose oxidation by O2 to fluorescence detection of H2O2. The mild reaction conditions and sensitive fluorescent response lead us to propose dihydroterphenyls with an embedded anthranilate moiety as chemosensors/chemodosimeters for ROS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Ruiz
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-R.); (J.R.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Jegathalaprathaban Rajesh
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-R.); (J.R.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Ana I. Olives
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-R.); (J.R.); (A.I.O.)
| | - Damiano Rocchi
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (J.G.-C.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Jorge Gómez-Carpintero
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (J.G.-C.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Juan F. González
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (J.G.-C.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu-181143, J&K, India;
| | - M. Antonia Martín
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.G.-R.); (J.R.); (A.I.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (J.G.-C.); (J.F.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (J.C.M.)
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24
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Nandi SK, Chakraborty A, Panda AK, Biswas A. M. leprae HSP18 suppresses copper (II) mediated ROS generation: Effect of redox stress on its structure and function. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:648-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Zhu X, Victor TW, Ambi A, Sullivan JK, Hatfield J, Xu F, Miller LM, Van Nostrand WE. Copper accumulation and the effect of chelation treatment on cerebral amyloid angiopathy compared to parenchymal amyloid plaques. Metallomics 2020; 12:539-546. [PMID: 32104807 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of fibrillar amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in parenchymal plaques and in blood vessels of the brain, the latter condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), are hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. Cerebral amyloid deposits have been reported to accumulate various metals, most notably copper and zinc. Here we show that, in human AD, copper is preferentially accumulated in amyloid-containing brain blood vessels compared to parenchymal amyloid plaques. In light of this observation, we evaluated the effects of reducing copper levels in Tg2576 mice, a transgenic model of AD amyloid pathologies. The copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), was administered to twelve month old Tg2576 mice for a period of five months. Copper chelation treatment significantly reduced both CAA and parenchymal plaque load in Tg2576 mice. Further, copper chelation reduced parenchymal plaque copper content but had no effect on CAA copper levels in this model. These findings indicate that copper is associated with both CAA deposits and parenchymal amyloid plaques in humans, but less in Tg2576 mice. TTM only reduces copper levels in plaques in Tg2576 mice. Reducing copper levels in the brain may beneficially lower amyloid pathologies associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayoue Zhu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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The molecular lifecycle of amyloid – Mechanism of assembly, mesoscopic organisation, polymorphism, suprastructures, and biological consequences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arrigoni F, Prosdocimi T, Mollica L, De Gioia L, Zampella G, Bertini L. Copper reduction and dioxygen activation in Cu-amyloid beta peptide complexes: insight from molecular modelling. Metallomics 2019; 10:1618-1630. [PMID: 30345437 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a number of factors including an anomalous interaction of copper with the amyloid peptide (Aβ), inducing oxidative stress with radical oxygen species (ROS) production through a three-step cycle in which O2 is gradually reduced to superoxide, oxygen peroxide and finally OH radicals. The purpose of this work has been to investigate the reactivity of 14 different Cu(ii)-Aβ coordination models with the aim of identifying on an energy basis (Density Functional Theory (DFT) and classical Molecular Dynamics (MD)) the redox competent form(s). Accordingly, we have specifically focused on the first three steps of the cycle, i.e. ascorbate binding to Cu(ii), Cu(ii) → Cu(i) reduction and O2 reduction to O2-. Compared to the recent literature, our results broaden the set of possible redox competent metallopeptide forms responsible for ROS production. Indeed, in addition to the three-coordinated species containing one His ligand, a N-terminal amine group and the carboxylate side chain of the Asp1 residue of Aβ already proposed, we found two other Cu-Aβ coordination modes involving two histidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen peroxide activated estrogen receptor beta ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2075-2082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, Vento M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Free radicals in Alzheimer's disease: Lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chung YJ, Lee BI, Park CB. Multifunctional carbon dots as a therapeutic nanoagent for modulating Cu(ii)-mediated β-amyloid aggregation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6297-6306. [PMID: 30882825 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides into toxic aggregates is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report on multifunctional carbon dots that can chelate Cu(ii) ions, suppress Aβ aggregation, and photooxygenate Aβ peptides. Copper ions have high relevance to AD pathogenesis, causing Cu(ii)-mediated Aβ aggregation and oxidative damage to neuronal cells. For effective conjugation with Cu(ii)-bound Aβ complexes, we have designed carbon dots that possess nitrogen (N)-containing polyaromatic functionalities on their surface by employing o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as a polymerization precursor. We demonstrate that the polymerized OPD (pOPD)-derived carbon dots exhibit multiple capabilities against Cu(ii)-mediated Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, the pOPD-derived carbon dots exhibited dramatically enhanced absorption and fluorescence upon coordination with Cu(ii) ions and effectively photooxygenated Aβ peptides. The photodynamically modulated Aβ residues lost the propensity to coordinate with Cu(ii) and to assemble into toxic aggregates. This work demonstrates the potential of carbon dots as a multifunctional β-sheet breaker and provides a promising anti-amyloidogenic strategy for future Aβ-targeted AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Huat TJ, Camats-Perna J, Newcombe EA, Valmas N, Kitazawa M, Medeiros R. Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1843-1868. [PMID: 30664867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the median age of the population increases, the number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the associated socio-economic burden are predicted to worsen. While aging and inherent genetic predisposition play major roles in the onset of AD, lifestyle, physical fitness, medical condition, and social environment have emerged as relevant disease modifiers. These environmental risk factors can play a key role in accelerating or decelerating disease onset and progression. Among known environmental risk factors, chronic exposure to various metals has become more common among the public as the aggressive pace of anthropogenic activities releases excess amount of metals into the environment. As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. Herein, we review how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity, as well as their roles in the accumulation of toxic AD proteinaceous species (i.e., β-amyloid and tau). We also discuss studies that validate the disruption of immune-related pathways as an important mechanism of toxicity by which metals can contribute to AD. Our goal is to increase the awareness of metals as players in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Žerovnik E. Possible Mechanisms by which Stefin B could Regulate Proteostasis and Oxidative Stress. Cells 2019; 8:E70. [PMID: 30669344 PMCID: PMC6357131 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human stefin B is a protease inhibitor from the family of cystatins. It was reported that it forms oligomers in cells. We have shown that it has a role in cell's response to misfolded proteins. We also have shown that its oligomers bind amyloid-beta (Aβ). Here, we discuss ways, how stefin B could reduce build-up of protein aggregates by other proteins and consequently reduces ROS and, how this might be connected to autophagy. When overexpressed, stefin B forms protein aggregates itself and these protein aggregates induce autophagy. Similarly, cystatin C was shown to bind Aβ and to induce autophagy. It is also suggested how more knowledge about the role of stefin B in a cell's response to misfolded proteins could be used to modulate progressive myoclonus epilepsy of type 1 EPM1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Žerovnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Zhao J, Gao W, Yang Z, Li H, Gao Z. Nitration of amyloid-β peptide (1–42) as a protective mechanism for the amyloid-β peptide (1–42) against copper ion toxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 190:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ye H, Li H, Gao Z. Copper Binding Induces Nitration of NPY under Nitrative Stress: Complicating the Role of NPY in Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:904-913. [PMID: 30079723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that regulates a multitude of physiological functions in the central nervous system and has been shown to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A change in copper homeostasis is a remarkable feature of AD, and the dysregulation may contribute to toxicity in neural cells. Moreover, it has been shown that copper could interact with many neuropeptides and result in catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to peptide oxidation. Besides, copper could also catalyze protein tyrosine nitration under oxidative stress, and there are two tyrosine residues playing an important role in NPY. Therefore, it is also likely that copper has an action on NPY and potentially influences its functions through tyrosine nitration. In this paper, the studies of the interaction of copper with NPY and the copper-catalyzed NPY nitration were performed. The electrochemical techniques, UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence titration, have been applied to show that copper can interact with NPY to form a Cu-NPY complex with a conditional dissociation constant of 0.021 μmol/L, and the binding promotes the generation of •OH. Dot blotting results reveal that NPY can be nitrated upon binding with copper under nitrative stress. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identify that the tyrosine residues in NPY are all nitrated during the nitration process, which will cause the inactivation of NPY shown by our previous study. This study supports the hypothesis that copper has a close correlation with NPY and implicates the peptide in AD. These data may provide a new insight into understanding the pathology and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Garza-Lombó C, Posadas Y, Quintanar L, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Neurotoxicity Linked to Dysfunctional Metal Ion Homeostasis and Xenobiotic Metal Exposure: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1669-1703. [PMID: 29402131 PMCID: PMC5962337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Essential metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc play a role as cofactors in the activity of a wide range of processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival, as well as during organ and tissue development. Throughout our life span, humans are also exposed to xenobiotic metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is well recognized that alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and an increased environmental/occupational exposure to xenobiotic metals are linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental alterations. Recent Advances: The redox activity of essential metals is key for neuronal homeostasis and brain function. Alterations in redox homeostasis and signaling are central to the pathological consequences of dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis and increased exposure to xenobiotic metals. Both redox-active and redox-inactive metals trigger oxidative stress and damage in the central nervous system, and the exact mechanisms involved are starting to become delineated. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we aim to appraise the role of essential metals in determining the redox balance in the brain and the mechanisms by which alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and exposure to xenobiotic metals disturb the cellular redox balance and signaling. We focus on recent literature regarding their transport, metabolism, and mechanisms of toxicity in neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is key to understand the pathological processes that convey chronic neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1669-1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska.,2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Yanahi Posadas
- 3 Departamentos de Farmacología y de, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México .,4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- 4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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Herline K, Prelli F, Mehta P, MacMurray C, Goñi F, Wisniewski T. Immunotherapy to improve cognition and reduce pathological species in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:54. [PMID: 29914551 PMCID: PMC6006698 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by physiologically endogenous proteins amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau undergoing a conformational change and accumulating as soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates. Tau and Aβ soluble oligomers, which contain extensive β-sheet secondary structure, are thought to be the most toxic forms. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of TWF9, an anti-β-sheet conformation antibody (aβComAb), to selectively recognize pathological Aβ and phosphorylated tau in AD human tissue compared with cognitively normal age-matched controls and to improve the performance of old 3xTg-AD mice with advanced pathology in behavioral testing after acute treatment with TWF9. Methods In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to characterize TWF9 specificity. We further assessed cognitive performance in old (18–22 months) 3xTg-AD mice using both a Barnes maze and novel object recognition after intraperitoneal administration of TWF9 (4 mg/kg) biweekly for 2 weeks before the start of behavioral testing. Injections continued for the duration of the behavioral testing, which lasted 2 weeks. Results Histological analysis of TWF9 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human control and AD (ABC score: A3B3C3) brain tissue revealed preferential cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in neurons in the AD tissue compared with controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ELISA using oligomeric and monomeric Aβ showed a preferential affinity for oligomeric Aβ. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that TWF9 extracted both phosphorylated tau (p < 0.01) and Aβ (p < 0.01) from fresh frozen brain tissues. Results show that treated old 3xTg-AD mice have an enhanced novel object recognition memory (p < 0.01) and Barnes maze performance (p = 0.05) compared with control animals. Overall plaque burden, neurofibrillary tangles, microgliosis, and astrocytosis remained unchanged. Soluble phosphorylated tau was significantly reduced in TWF9-treated mice (p < 0.05), and there was a trend for a reduction in soluble Aβ levels in the brain homogenates of female 3xTg-AD mice (p = 0.06). Conclusions This study shows that acute treatment with an aβComAb can effectively improve performance in behavioral testing without reduction of amyloid plaque burden, and that peripherally administered IgG can affect levels of pathological species in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Herline
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, USA
| | | | - Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Structure-activity relationships of β-hairpin mimics as modulators of amyloid β-peptide aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:280-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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RTHLVFFARK-NH2: A potent and selective modulator on Cu2+-mediated amyloid-β protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 181:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhang YH, Guo C, Gao HL, Zhong ML, Huang TT, Liu NN, Guo RF, Lan T, Zhang W, Wang ZY, Zhao P. Tetrathiomolybdate Treatment Leads to the Suppression of Inflammatory Responses through the TRAF6/NFκB Pathway in LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglia. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29535623 PMCID: PMC5835334 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the positive relationship between copper and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was reported by a lot of epidemiological data, the mechanism is not completely known. Copper is a redox metal and serves as a mediator of inflammation. Because the homeostasis of copper is altered in Aβ precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice, the using of copper chelators is a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Here we report that a copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TM), is a potential therapeutic drug of AD. We investigated whether TM treatment led to a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro, and found that TM treatment reduced the expression of iNOS and TNF-α in APP/PS1 Tg mice through up-regulating superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity. In vitro, once stimulated, microglia secretes a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, so we utilized LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells as the inflammatory cell model to detect the anti-inflammatory effects of TM. Our results indicated that TM-pretreatment suppressed the ubiquitination of TRAF6 and the activation of NFκB without affecting the expression of TLR4 and Myd88 in vitro. By detecting the activity of SOD1 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we found that the anti-inflammatory effects of TM could be attributed to its ability to reduce the amount of intracellular bioavailable copper, and the production of ROS which is an activator of the TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination. Hence, our results revealed that TM-treatment could reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines by the suppression of ROS/TRAF6/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Ling Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Man-Li Zhong
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na-Na Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui-Fang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Bagheri S, Squitti R, Haertlé T, Siotto M, Saboury AA. Role of Copper in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Other Metals. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 29472855 PMCID: PMC5810277 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid plaques in patients' brain tissue. The plaques are mainly made of β-amyloid peptides and trace elements including Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. Some studies have shown that AD can be considered a type of metal dyshomeostasis. Among metal ions involved in plaques, numerous studies have focused on copper ions, which seem to be one of the main cationic elements in plaque formation. The involvement of copper in AD is controversial, as some studies show a copper deficiency in AD, and consequently a need to enhance copper levels, while other data point to copper overload and therefore a need to reduce copper levels. In this paper, the role of copper ions in AD and some contradictory reports are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Equipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines, Nantes, France
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ali A. Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Pharmacodynamics in Alzheimer's disease model rats of a bifunctional peptide with the potential to accelerate the degradation and reduce the toxicity of amyloid β-Cu fibrils. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:327-338. [PMID: 29111371 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of the extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates with metal ions in conjunction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accounting on Cu ions chelating of our previously designed bifunctional peptide GGHRYYAAFFARR (GR) as well as Aβ-Cu fibrils (fAβ-Cu) dissociation potentials, we report herein an efficient route to synthetically minimize ROS toxicity and degrade fAβ-Cu. It is worth mentioning that GR combines the metal chelating agent GGH and β-sheet breaker RYYAAFFARR (RR). The in vitro results have showed that GR disassociates fAβ-Cu into smaller fragments (sAβ-Cu, 150-200 nm), easily assimilated by PC12 cell and subsequently degraded in the lysosomes; GR can also suppress the ROS generated by fAβ-Cu. The viability of PC12 cell treated with fAβ-Cu has increased, from 38% to about 70% after administration of GR, overwhelming the GGH chelator (46%) and single functional peptide RR (48%). The in vivo results indicated that GR has efficiently reduced Aβ deposition, ameliorated neurologic changes and rescued memory loss, thus, enhancing the cognitive and spatial memory in a AD rat model. This study confirms the superior effect of GR and paves the way toward its future employment in large scale AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We have focused on accelerating the degradation of fAβ-Cu as well as synthetically reducing the ROS toxicity by GR, and, consequently, its benefits in vivo. The bifunctional peptide GR can not only disaggregate fAβ-Cu into smaller fragments to facilitate uptake and degradation by PC12 cell, but also suppresses the ROS generated by fAβ-Cu. Thus, the viability of PC12 cell treated with fAβ-Cu has increased from 38% to 70% after GR administration, overwhelming GGH (46%) and RR (48%). The in vivo studies have revealed that GR improves the spatial memory ability and reduce the amount of senile plaques within brain of AD model rats. Thus, we suppose the bifunctional inhibitor GR has good application prospects in the treatment of AD treatment.
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Parikh A, Kathawala K, Tan CC, Garg S, Zhou XF. Lipid-based nanosystem of edaravone: development, optimization, characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:962-978. [PMID: 28633547 PMCID: PMC8241028 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1337825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone (EDR) is a well-recognized lipophilic free radical scavenger for diseases including neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, its oral use is restricted due to poor oral bioavailability (BA). The aim of present research was to enable its oral use by developing a lipid-based nanosystem (LNS). The components of LNS including oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants were selected based on their potential to maximize the solubilization in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, reduce its glucuronidation and improve transmembrane permeability. The liquid LNS (L-LNS) with Capryol™ PGMC (Oil), Cremophor® RH 40:Labrasol®:TPGS 1000 (1:0.8:0.2) (Surfactant) and Transcutol P® (Co-surfactant) were optimized to form microemulsion having droplet size (16.25 nm), polydispersity index (0.039), % Transmittance (99.85%), and self-emulsification time (32 s). It significantly improved the EDR loading as well as its metabolism and permeability profile during transport across the GI tract. To overcome the possible drawbacks of L-LNS, Aerosil® 200 was used to formulate solid LNS (S-LNS), and its concentration was optimized based on flow properties. S-LNS possessed all quality attributes of L-LNS confirmed by solid-state characterization, reconstitution ability, and stability study. The dissolution rate of EDR was significantly enhanced with L-LNS and S-LNS in simulated gastric, and intestinal fluids. The pharmacokinetic study revealed significant improvement in relative BA, Cmax, and t1/2 with L-LNS and S-LNS against EDR suspension. Moreover, S-LNS showed superior cellular uptake and neuroprotective effect compared to EDR in SH-SY5Y695 cell line. An appropriate selection of the components of LNS could enable effective oral delivery of challenging therapeutics that are conventionally used by the parenteral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Parikh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krishna Kathawala
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun Chuan Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Fica-Contreras SM, Shuster SO, Durfee ND, Bowe GJK, Henning NJ, Hill SA, Vrla GD, Stillman DR, Suralik KM, Sandwick RK, Choi S. Glycation of Lys-16 and Arg-5 in amyloid-β and the presence of Cu 2+ play a major role in the oxidative stress mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1211-1222. [PMID: 29038915 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has linked the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide to neurological dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insoluble Aβ plaques in the AD patient brain contain high concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as well as transition metal ions. This research elucidated the roles of Aβ, sugars, and Cu2+ in the oxidative stress mechanism of AD at the molecular level. Mass spectral (MS) analysis of the reactions of Aβ with two representative sugars, ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and methylglyoxal (MG), revealed Lys-16 and Arg-5 as the primary glycation sites. Quantitative analysis of superoxide [Formula: see text] production by a cyt c assay showed that Lys-16 generated four times as much [Formula: see text] as Arg-5. Lys-16 and Arg-5 in Aβ1-40 are both adjacent to histidine residues, which are suggested to catalyze glycation. Additionally, Lys-16 is close to the central hydrophobic core (Leu-17-Ala-21) and to His-13, both of which are known to lower the pKa of the residue, leading to increased deprotonation of the amine and an enhanced glycation reactivity compared to Arg-5. Gel electrophoresis results indicated that all three components of AD plaques-Aβ1-40, sugars, and Cu2+-are necessary for DNA damage. It is concluded that the glycation of Aβ1-40 with sugars generates significant amounts of [Formula: see text], owing to the rapid glycation of Lys-16 and Arg-5. In the presence of Cu2+, [Formula: see text] converts to hydroxyl radical (HO·), the source of oxidative stress in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney O Shuster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Durfee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Gregory J K Bowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Henning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Staci A Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Vrla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - David R Stillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Kelly M Suralik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Roger K Sandwick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Sunhee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA.
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Atrián-Blasco E, Conte-Daban A, Hureau C. Mutual interference of Cu and Zn ions in Alzheimer's disease: perspectives at the molecular level. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12750-12759. [PMID: 28937157 PMCID: PMC5656098 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While metal ions such as copper and zinc are essential in biology, they are also linked to several amyloid-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Zinc and copper can indeed modify the aggregation pathways of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, the key component encountered in AD. In addition, the redox active copper ions do produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) when bound to the Aβ peptide. While Cu(i) or Cu(ii) or Zn(ii) coordination to the Aβ has been extensively studied in the last ten years, characterization of hetero-bimetallic Aβ complexes is still scarce. This is also true for the metal induced Aβ aggregation and ROS production, for which studies on the mutual influence of the copper and zinc ions are currently appearing. Last but not least, zinc can strongly interfere in therapeutic approaches relying on copper detoxification. This will be exemplified with a biological lead, namely metallothioneins, and with synthetic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Atrián-Blasco
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne , BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France .
- University of Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Amandine Conte-Daban
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne , BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France .
- University of Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- CNRS , LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne , BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France .
- University of Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France
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46
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Li DD, Zhang W, Wang ZY, Zhao P. Serum Copper, Zinc, and Iron Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:300. [PMID: 28966592 PMCID: PMC5605551 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many publications have investigated the association between metal ions and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the results were ambiguous. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the association between the serum levels of metals (copper/zinc/iron) and the risk of AD via meta-analysis of case-control studies. Methods: We screened literatures published after 1978 in the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov. Electronic databases. By using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the 407 publications, there are 44 of these publications met all inclusion criteria. The Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate available data from each study. Results: Consistent with the conclusions of other meta-analysis, our results demonstrated serum copper levels were significantly higher [MD = 9.27, 95% CI (5.02–13.52); p < 0.0001], and the serum zinc levels were significantly lower in AD patients than in healthy controls [MD = −6.12, 95% CI (−9.55, −2.69); p = 0.0005]. Serum iron levels were significantly lower in AD patients than in healthy controls after excluded two studies [MD = −13.01, 95% CI (−20.75, −5.27); p = 0.001]. Conclusion: The results of our meta-analysis provided rigorous statistical support for the association of the serum levels of metals and the risk of AD, suggesting a positive relationship between the serum copper levels and AD risk, and a negative relationship between the serum zinc/iron levels and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern UniversityShenyang, China
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The Influence of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Copper Concentration in the Serum Depending on the Use of Menopausal Hormone Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5732380. [PMID: 28884126 PMCID: PMC5573097 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5732380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on serum concentration of copper in postmenopausal women depending on passive or active exposure to tobacco smoke or lack thereof. The study included healthy postmenopausal women aged 42–69 years, who used (n = 76) or did not use (n = 76) MHT. Salivary cotinine and serum copper concentrations were determined in all the study subjects. Salivary cotinine exceeded 14 ng/ml in 14 women from the MHT group (18.5%) and in 16 controls (21.1%). Up to 41 (27%) study subjects had serum copper above the upper normal limit (1.17 mg/l). No correlation was found between salivary cotinine and serum copper in women with cotinine concentrations <14 ng/ml, and these two parameters correlated weakly in subjects with cotinine >14 ng/ml. Salivary concentration of cotinine increased with serum copper level in the MHT group, but not in the controls; smokers using MHT presented with significantly higher serum copper than nonsmokers. These findings imply that MHT does not affect serum concentration of copper in women who are not exposed to tobacco smoke. However, MHT seems to contribute to unfavorable increase in serum copper in passive and active smokers.
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Pu Z, Xu W, Lin Y, He J, Huang M. Oxidative Stress Markers and Metal Ions are Correlated With Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:353-359. [PMID: 28554217 PMCID: PMC10852590 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517709549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated oxidative stress markers and metal ions in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The serum levels of ceruloplasmin (CER), C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), homocysteine (Hcy), copper, iron, and zinc were determined in 125 patients with AD (mild, n = 2 8; moderate, n = 42; and severe, n = 55) and 40 healthy control (HC) participants. Compared to HC, CER and UA levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe AD groups, whereas CRP and Hcy levels were significantly higher in the severe AD group. Copper level was significantly higher in moderate and severe AD groups than the other groups. Compared to HC, iron level was significantly higher in patients with AD, whereas zinc level was significantly lower in patients with AD. In patients with AD, the severity of cognitive impairment was positively correlated with CER, UA, and zinc levels, whereas it was negatively correlated with copper level. Taken together, our findings provide a novel approach to assess AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Pu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third People’s Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Cheignon C, Jones M, Atrián-Blasco E, Kieffer I, Faller P, Collin F, Hureau C. Identification of key structural features of the elusive Cu-Aβ complex that generates ROS in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5107-5118. [PMID: 28970897 PMCID: PMC5613283 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is linked to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Redox active metal ions such as copper catalyze the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) when bound to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide encountered in AD. We propose that this reaction proceeds through a low-populated Cu-Aβ state, denoted the "catalytic in-between state" (CIBS), which is in equilibrium with the resting state (RS) of both Cu(i)-Aβ and Cu(ii)-Aβ. The nature of this CIBS is investigated in the present work. We report the use of complementary spectroscopic methods (X-ray absorption spectroscopy, EPR and NMR) to characterize the binding of Cu to a wide series of modified peptides in the RS. ROS production by the resulting Cu-peptide complexes was evaluated using fluorescence and UV-vis based methods and led to the identification of the amino acid residues involved in the Cu-Aβ CIBS species. In addition, a possible mechanism by which the ROS are produced is also proposed. These two main results are expected to affect the current vision of the ROS production mechanism by Cu-Aβ but also in other diseases involving amyloidogenic peptides with weakly structured copper binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Cheignon
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , CNRS UPR 8241 , 205 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse , France
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev , Université de Toulouse , IRD , UPS , France
| | - Megan Jones
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , CNRS UPR 8241 , 205 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Elena Atrián-Blasco
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , CNRS UPR 8241 , 205 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Isabelle Kieffer
- Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) , CNRS UMS 832 , 414 Rue de la Piscine , 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères , France
- BM30B/FAME , ESRF , The European Synchrotron , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Peter Faller
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , CNRS UPR 8241 , 205 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Fabrice Collin
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , CNRS UPR 8241 , 205 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse , France
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev , Université de Toulouse , IRD , UPS , France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , CNRS UPR 8241 , 205 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France . ;
- Université de Toulouse , UPS , INPT , 31077 Toulouse , France
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50
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Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is strongly correlated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research has improved our understanding of the kinetics of amyloid fibril assembly and revealed new details regarding different stages in plaque formation. Presently, interest is turning toward studying this process in a holistic context, focusing on cellular components which interact with the Aβ peptide at various junctures during aggregation, from monomer to cross-β amyloid fibrils. However, even in isolation, a multitude of factors including protein purity, pH, salt content, and agitation affect Aβ fibril formation and deposition, often producing complicated and conflicting results. The failure of numerous inhibitors in clinical trials for AD suggests that a detailed examination of the complex interactions that occur during plaque formation, including binding of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and metal ions, is important for understanding the diversity of manifestations of the disease. Unraveling how a variety of key macromolecular modulators interact with the Aβ peptide and change its aggregation properties may provide opportunities for developing therapies. Since no protein acts in isolation, the interplay of these diverse molecules may differentiate disease onset, progression, and severity, and thus are worth careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Stewart
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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