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Hanlon MA, Gulati R, Johnston M, Fleifil Y, Rivas M, Timchenko NA. Genetic Ablation of C/EBPα-p300 Pathway Blocks Development of Obese Pregnancy Associated Liver Disorders in Offspring. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:347-360. [PMID: 37967813 PMCID: PMC10821535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a common cause of pediatric liver diseases, including the pediatric liver cancer hepatoblastoma. The mechanisms behind the development of fatty liver in children are not yet known. We examined the role of the C/EBPα-p300 pathway in the development of maternal obesity-associated fatty liver phenotype in offspring. METHODS Because the ability of C/EBPα to promote fatty liver phenotype is enhanced by CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of C/EBPα at Ser193 and subsequent formation of C/EBPα-p300 complexes, we used wild-type (WT) and C/EBPα-S193D and C/EBPα-S193A mutant mice to study the effects of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on the liver health of offspring. The females of these mouse lines were fed an HFD before mating, and the pups were further subjected to either an HFD or a normal diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS WT female mice on the HFD before and during pregnancy and their subsequent offspring on the HFD had severe fatty liver, fibrosis, and an increased rate of liver proliferation. However, the HFD in C/EBPα-S193A mice did not cause development of these disorders. In HFD-HFD treated WT mice, C/EBPα is phosphorylated at Ser193 and forms complexes with p300, which activate expression of genes involved in development of fatty liver, fibrosis, and proliferation. However, S193A-C/EBPα mice do not have complexes of C/EBPα-S193A with p300, leading to a lack of activation of genes of fatty liver, fibrosis, and proliferation. The mutant C/EBPα-S193D mice have accelerated cdk4-dependent pathway and have developed steatosis at early stages. CONCLUSIONS These studies identified the epigenetic cause of obese pregnancy-associated liver diseases and suggest a potential therapy based on inhibition of cdk4-ph-S193-C/EBPα-p300 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Hanlon
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ruhi Gulati
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Johnston
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yasmeen Fleifil
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria Rivas
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP) Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Han Y, Luo L, Li H, Zhang L, Yan Y, Fang M, Yu J, Gao X, Liu Y, Huang C, Fan S. Nomilin and its analogue obacunone alleviate NASH and hepatic fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. Biofactors 2023; 49:1189-1204. [PMID: 37401768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis are leading causes of cirrhosis with rising morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no appropriate treatment for NASH and hepatic fibrosis. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress is a main factor inducing NASH. Nomilin (NML) and obacunone (OBA) are limonoid compounds naturally occurring in citrus fruits with various biological properties. However, whether OBA and NML have beneficial effects on NASH remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that OBA and NML inhibited hepatic tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and liver fibrosis progression in methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-treated and bile duct ligation (BDL) NASH and hepatic fibrosis mouse models. Mechanistic studies showed that NML and OBA enhanced anti-oxidative effects, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increase of catalase (CAT) activity and the gene expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and Nrf2-keap1 signaling. Additional, NML and OBA inhibited the expression of inflammatory gene interleukin 6 (Il-6), and regulated the bile acid metabolism genes Cyp3a11, Cyp7a1, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3). Overall, these findings indicate that NML and OBA may alleviate NASH and liver fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. Our study proposed that NML and OBA may be potential strategies for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Bravo M, Simón J, González-Recio I, Martinez-Cruz LA, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium and Liver Metabolism Through the Lifespan. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:739-751. [PMID: 37207838 PMCID: PMC10334155 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the organism, the liver is the main organ responsible for metabolic homeostasis and xenobiotic transformation. To maintain an adequate liver weight-to-bodyweight ratio, this organ has an extraordinary regenerative capacity and is able to respond to an acute insult or partial hepatectomy. Maintenance of hepatic homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the liver, and in this context, adequate nutrition with macro- and micronutrient intake is mandatory. Among all known macro-minerals, magnesium has a key role in energy metabolism and in metabolic and signaling pathways that maintain liver function and physiology throughout its life span. In the present review, the cation is reported as a potential key molecule during embryogenesis, liver regeneration, and aging. The exact role of the cation during liver formation and regeneration is not fully understood due to its unclear role in the activation and inhibition of those processes, and further research in a developmental context is needed. As individuals age, they may develop hypomagnesemia, a condition that aggravates the characteristic alterations. Additionally, risk of developing liver pathologies increases with age, and hypomagnesemia may be a contributing factor. Therefore, magnesium loss must be prevented by adequate intake of magnesium-rich foods such as seeds, nuts, spinach, or rice to prevent age-related hepatic alterations and contribute to the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. Since magnesium-rich sources include a variety of foods, a varied and balanced diet can meet both macronutrient and micronutrient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martinez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
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4
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Tsukahara Y, Ferran B, Minetti ET, Chong BSH, Gower AC, Bachschmid MM, Matsui R. Administration of Glutaredoxin-1 Attenuates Liver Fibrosis Caused by Aging and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:867. [PMID: 35624731 PMCID: PMC9138033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a sign of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression towards steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis and is accelerated by aging. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) controls redox signaling by reversing protein S-glutathionylation, induced by oxidative stress, and its deletion causes fatty liver in mice. Although Glrx regulates various pathways, including metabolism and apoptosis, the impact of Glrx on liver fibrosis has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the role of Glrx in liver fibrosis induced by aging or by a high-fat, high-fructose diet. We found that: (1) upregulation of Glrx expression level inhibits age-induced hepatic apoptosis and liver fibrosis. In vitro studies indicate that Glrx regulates Fas-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes; (2) diet-induced NASH leads to reduced expression of Glrx and higher levels of S-glutathionylated proteins in the liver. In the NASH model, hepatocyte-specific adeno-associated virus-mediated Glrx overexpression (AAV-Hep-Glrx) suppresses fibrosis and apoptosis and improves liver function; (3) AAV-Hep-Glrx significantly inhibits transcription of Zbtb16 and negatively regulates immune pathways in the NASH liver. In conclusion, the upregulation of Glrx is a potential therapeutic for the reversal of NASH progression by attenuating inflammatory and fibrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tsukahara
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Beatriz Ferran
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Erika T. Minetti
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Brian S. H. Chong
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Adam C. Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Markus M. Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
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6
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Kundu D, Kennedy L, Meadows V, Baiocchi L, Alpini G, Francis H. The Dynamic Interplay Between Mast Cells, Aging/Cellular Senescence, and Liver Disease. Gene Expr 2020; 20:77-88. [PMID: 32727636 PMCID: PMC7650013 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15960509906371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are key players in acute immune responses that are evidenced by degranulation leading to a heightened allergic response. Activation of mast cells can trigger a number of different pathways contributing to metabolic conditions and disease progression. Aging results in irreversible physiological changes affecting all organs, including the liver. The liver undergoes senescence, changes in protein expression, and cell signaling phenotypes during aging, which regulate disease progression. Cellular senescence contributes to the age-related changes. Unsurprisingly, mast cells also undergo age-related changes in number, localization, and activation throughout their lifetime, which adversely affects the etiology and progression of many physiological conditions including liver diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells during aging, including features of aging (e.g., senescence) in the context of biliary diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Kundu
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- †Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ‡Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ‡Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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7
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Abstract
Aging increases the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD), worsens its prognosis, and represents the predominant risk factor for its development at all different stages. The hepatic sinusoid, which is fundamental for maintaining liver homeostasis, is composed by hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic macrophages. During CLD progression, hepatic cells suffer deregulations in their phenotype, which ultimately lead to disease development. The effects of aging on the hepatic sinusoid phenotype and function are not well understood, nevertheless, studies performed in experimental models of liver diseases and aging demonstrate alterations in all hepatic sinusoidal cells. This review provides an updated description of age-related changes in the hepatic sinusoid and discusses the implications for CLD development and treatment. Lastly, we propose aging as a novel therapeutic target to treat liver diseases and summarize the most promising therapies to prevent or improve CLD and extend healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Amelioration of age-related alterations in rat liver: Effects of curcumin C3 complex, Astragalus membranaceus and blueberry. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Ding BS, Yang D, Swendeman SL, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Friedman SL, Powell CA, Hla T, Cao Z. Aging Suppresses Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Chaperone ApoM in Circulation Resulting in Maladaptive Organ Repair. Dev Cell 2020; 53:677-690.e4. [PMID: 32544390 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that the liver-derived apolipoprotein M (ApoM) protects the lung and kidney from pro-fibrotic insults and that this circulating factor is attenuated in aged mice. Aged mouse hepatocytes exhibit transcriptional suppression of ApoM. This leads to reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling via the S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) in the vascular endothelial cells of lung and kidney. Suboptimal S1PR1 angiocrine signaling causes reduced resistance to injury-induced vascular leak and leads to organ fibrosis. Plasma transfusion from Apom transgenic mice but not Apom knockout mice blocked fibrosis in the lung. Similarly, infusion of recombinant therapeutics, ApoM-Fc fusion protein enhanced kidney and lung regeneration and attenuated fibrosis in aged mouse after injury. Furthermore, we identified that aging alters Sirtuin-1-hepatic nuclear factor 4α circuit in hepatocytes to downregulate ApoM. These data reveal an integrative organ adaptation that involves circulating S1P chaperone ApoM+ high density lipoprotein (HDL), which signals via endothelial niche S1PR1 to spur regeneration over fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sen Ding
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dawei Yang
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steve L Swendeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Righosiptalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Righosiptalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles A Powell
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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10
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Yousefi-Manesh H, Dehpour AR, Ansari-Nasab S, Hemmati S, Sadeghi MA, Shahraki RH, Shirooie S, Nabavi SM, Nkuimi Wandjou JG, Sut S, Caprioli G, Dall’Acqua S, Maggi F. Hepatoprotective Effects of Standardized Extracts from an Ancient Italian Apple Variety (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:E1816. [PMID: 32326503 PMCID: PMC7222006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the peel (APE) and pulp (APP) of a traditional apple cultivar from central Italy (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytoconstituents were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showing an abundance of proanthocyanidins and flavonol derivatives together with the presence of annurcoic acid in APE. Wistar rats received APE/APP (30 mg/kg oral administration) for three days before CCl4 injection (2 mL/kg intraperitoneal once on the third day). Treatment with both APE and APP prior to CCl4 injection significantly decreased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared to the CCl4 group. Besides, pretreatment with APE reversed the CCl4 effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels in liver tissue in rats and reduced tissue damage as shown in hematoxylin and eosin staining. These results showed that this ancient Italian apple is worthy of use in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements to prevent and/or protect against liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Sedighe Ansari-Nasab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Reza Hashemi Shahraki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran;
- Preclinical Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran;
| | | | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.G.N.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.G.N.W.); (G.C.)
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11
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Weaning Mice and Adult Mice Exhibit Differential Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030201. [PMID: 32121508 PMCID: PMC7139353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, there is a limited understanding of pediatric DILI. Here, 2-week-old weaning and 8-week-old adult male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (0.1 mmol/kg equal to 15.4 mg/kg) to comparatively evaluate the time-dependent liver damage and cellular events. CCl4 significantly enhanced the serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels and hepatic centrilobular necrosis in the weaning mice, whereas it induced mild liver injury in the adult mice. CCl4-treated weaning mice exhibited higher hepatic levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9), activated MAPKs (p-JNK and p-Erk), and endoplasmic reticulum stress indicators (ATF6 and CHOP) and lower hepatic anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels than the adult mice. The weaning mice exhibited enhanced basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels due to high glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and low anti-cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) enzyme levels. However, CCl4 markedly reduced the hepatic GSH levels only in the weaning mice. Furthermore, higher hepatic levels of oxidative stress-induced malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-protein adducts, and oxidized proteins were observed in CCl4-treated weaning mice than in CCl4-treated adult mice. The enhanced levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and CYP3A, and decreased hepatic GSH S-transferase (GST)-π and GSH reductase (GR) levels in the weaning mice may contribute to their enhanced susceptibility to liver damage.
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12
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Kong JY, Yeon SC, Lee HJ, Kang C, Park JK, Jeong KS, Hong IH. Protective Effects of Nutria Bile against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6059317. [PMID: 31341496 PMCID: PMC6614960 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6059317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several eradication programs have been developed and executed to curb alien invasive species that tend to damage the ecological environments they colonize; however, only few studies have evaluated the utilization of carcasses of these species after eradication. Nutria (Myocastor coypus) is an invasive rodent species targeted by eradication programs in many countries. We noted that nutria produce large amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in their bile. UDCA is a unique component responsible for the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects exerted by bear bile. Therefore, we sought to examine the medicinal utility of nutria carcasses by investigating the hepatoprotective effect of their bile in mice. C57BL/6 mice were injected with thioacetamide (TAA), which induced liver damage by increasing Kupffer cell infiltration. Administration of nutria bile reduced hepatic inflammation, improved hepatic function, and increased the levels of senescence marker protein 30 (an indicator of hepatocyte viability). Our results show that nutria bile exerts protective effects against TAA-induced liver injury in mice, suggesting that nutria carcasses may be used for the treatment of liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Chan Yeon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Kang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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13
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Effects of sulforaphane on D-galactose-induced liver aging in rats: Role of keap-1/nrf-2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:40-49. [PMID: 31039346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging; a biological phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in cellular functions, is considered as a major risk factor of various liver diseases that plays as an adverse prognostic role, thus increasing mortality rate. However, diet is the main environmental factor that has a major impact on the aging process whereas; sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported with myriad biological effects. In the present study, SFN antiaging properties were evaluated on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced liver aging in rats. For this purpose, forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. All animals, except the normal control, were intraperitoneally injected with D-Gal (300 mg/kg/day for 5 days a week) for six consecutive weeks. In the hepatoprotective groups, animals received oral SFN (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) for 6 weeks concurrently with D-GAL. SFN administration improved liver biomarkers through decreasing serum levels of AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin when compared to D-Gal-aging group. SFN significantly increased hepatic GSH level as well as catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities while counteracted the elevation in hepatic oxidative stress markers; MDA, NO and protein carbonyl in aged rats. SFN abrogated the dysregulation in hepatic Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1and limited the elevation of TNF-α and TGF-β concentrations in aging liver. Histopathologically, SFN decreased the intensity of hepatic fibrous proliferation in D-Gal-induced aging. In conclusion, SFN has shown hepatic anti-aging potential through promoting the antioxidant machinery via regulating Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1 and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as ameliorating oxidative stress, hampering the inflammatory cytokines; TNF-ɑ and TGF-β, and limiting hepatic fibrosis in a dose dependent manner.
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14
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Abstract
The types of changes in physical appearance and behavior that occur in elderly people similarly develop in elderly animals. Signs and symptoms that might cause concern in younger people or mice may be normal in their elderly but generally healthy counterparts. Although numerous scoring methods have been developed to assess rodent health, these systems were often designed for young adults used in specific types of research, such as cancer or neurologic studies, and therefore may be suboptimal for assessing aging rodents. Approaches known as frailty assessments provide a global evaluation of the health of aged mice, rats, and people, and mouse frailty scores correlate well with the likelihood of death. Complementing frailty assessment, prediction of imminent death in aged mice can often be accomplished by focusing on 2 objective parameters-body weight and temperature. Before they die, many (but not all) mice develop marked reductions in body weight and temperature, thus providing signs that close monitoring, intervention, or preemptive euthanasia may be necessary. Timely preemptive euthanasia allows antemortem collection of data and samples that would be lost if spontaneous death occurred; preemptive euthanasia also limits terminal suffering. These approaches to monitoring declining health and predicting death in elderly research mice can aid in establishing and implementing timely interventions that both benefit the research and reduce antemortem suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Toth
- Emeritus Faculty, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
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15
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He J, Tu C, Liu Y. Role of lncRNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:158-175. [PMID: 31942494 PMCID: PMC6880696 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is progressive physiological degeneration and consequently declined function, which is linked to senescence on both cellular and organ levels. Accumulating studies indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence at all levels-transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational. Understanding the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs underlying senescence could facilitate interpretation and intervention of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe categories of known and novel lncRNAs that have been involved in the progression of senescence. We also identify the lncRNAs implicated in diseases arising from age-driven degeneration or dysfunction in some representative organs and systems (brains, liver, muscle, cardiovascular system, bone pancreatic islets, and immune system). Improved comprehension of lncRNAs in the aging process on all levels, from cell to organismal, may provide new insights into the amelioration of age-related pathologies and prolonged healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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16
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D’Souza AM, Jiang Y, Cast A, Valanejad L, Wright M, Lewis K, Kumbaji M, Shah S, Smithrud D, Karns R, Shin S, Timchenko N. Gankyrin Promotes Tumor-Suppressor Protein Degradation to Drive Hepatocyte Proliferation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:239-255. [PMID: 30109252 PMCID: PMC6083020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Uncontrolled liver proliferation is a key characteristic of liver cancer; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms is necessary for the development of better therapy. The oncogene Gankyrin (Gank) is overexpressed in both hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. The aim of this work was to determine the role of Gank in liver proliferation and elucidate the mechanism by which Gank promotes liver proliferation. Methods We generated Gank liver-specific knock-out (GLKO) mice and examined liver biology and proliferation after surgical resection and liver injury. Results Global profiling of gene expression in GLKO mice showed significant changes in pathways involved in liver cancer and proliferation. Investigations of liver proliferation after partial hepatectomy and CCl4 treatment showed that GLKO mice have dramatically inhibited proliferation of hepatocytes at early stages after surgery and injury. In control LoxP mice, liver proliferation was characterized by Gank-mediated reduction of tumor-suppressor proteins (TSPs). The failure of GLKO hepatocytes to proliferate is associated with a lack of down-regulation of these proteins. Surprisingly, we found that hepatic progenitor cells of GLKO mice start proliferation at later stages and restore the original size of the liver at 14 days after partial hepatectomy. To examine the proliferative activities of Gank in cancer cells, we used a small molecule, cjoc42, to inhibit interactions of Gank with the 26S proteasome. These studies showed that Gank triggers degradation of TSPs and that cjoc42-mediated inhibition of Gank increases levels of TSPs and inhibits proliferation of cancer cells. Conclusions These studies show that Gank promotes hepatocyte proliferation by elimination of TSPs. This work provides background for the development of Gank-mediated therapy for the treatment of liver cancer. RNA sequencing data can be accessed in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus: GSE104395.
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Key Words
- 2D, 2-dimensional
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein
- CUGBP1, CUG triplet repeat binding protein 1
- Cancer
- Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GLKO, Gankyrin liver-specific knock-out
- Gank, Gankyrin
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
- LKO, liver-specific knock-out
- Liver
- Opn, osteopontin
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PH, partial hepatectomy
- Progenitor Cells
- Proliferation
- RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- Rb, retinoblastoma
- TSP, tumor-suppressor protein
- Tumor-Suppressor Proteins
- UPS, ubiquitin proteasome system
- WT, wild-type
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. D’Souza
- Department of Oncology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashley Cast
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leila Valanejad
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mary Wright
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kyle Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Meenasri Kumbaji
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sheeniza Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David Smithrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Soona Shin
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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The Role of Saikosaponins in Therapeutic Strategies for Age-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8275256. [PMID: 29849917 PMCID: PMC5924972 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8275256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, elderly populations tend to spend an increasing number of years in poor health, with chronic age-related diseases and disability. Therefore, the development of therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent multiple pathophysiological conditions in the elderly may improve health-adjusted life expectancy and alleviate the potential economic and social burdens arising from age-related diseases. Bioactive natural products might represent promising new drug candidates for the treatment of many chronic age-related diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and liver disease. Here, we discuss a therapeutic option using saikosaponins, which are triterpene saponins isolated from Bupleurum, against a variety of age-related diseases. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of natural products like saikosaponins in the treatment of age-related diseases may help in the development of diverse natural product-derived compounds that may be effective against a number of chronic health problems.
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18
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Gene activation of CEBPA using saRNA: preclinical studies of the first in human saRNA drug candidate for liver cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3216-3228. [PMID: 29511346 PMCID: PMC6013054 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases is a growing epidemic worldwide. If unresolved, liver fibrosis develops and can lead to cirrhosis and clinical decompensation. Around 5% of cirrhotic liver diseased patients develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which in its advanced stages has limited therapeutic options and negative survival outcomes. CEPBA is a master regulator of hepatic function where its expression is known to be suppressed in many forms of liver disease including HCC. Injection of MTL-CEBPA, a small activating RNA oligonucleotide therapy (CEBPA-51) formulated in liposomal nanoparticles (NOV340- SMARTICLES®) upregulates hepatic CEBPA expression. Here we show how MTL-CEBPA therapy promotes disease reversal in rodent models of cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatosteatosis and significantly reduces tumour burden in cirrhotic HCC. Restoration of liver function markers were observed in a carbon-tetrachloride induced rat model of fibrosis following 2-weeks of MTL-CEBPA therapy. At 14-weeks animals showed reduction in ascites and enhanced survival rates. MTL-CEBPA reversed changes associated with hepatosteatosis in non-alcoholic methionine and cholic deficient diet induced steaotic liver disease. In diethylnitrosamine induced cirrhotic HCC rats, MTL-CEBPA treatment led to a significant reduction in tumour burden. The data included here and the rapid adoption of MTL-CEBPA into a Phase 1 study may lead to new therapeutic oligonucleotides for undruggable diseases.
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19
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Abstract
As the HIV population continues to live longer as a result of antiretroviral therapy, liver-related mortality has become one of the leading causes of non-AIDS related death in this patient population. The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity but undergoes complex biological changes in response to aging and inflammation that result in decreased cellular regeneration and a tipping of the scales towards fibrogenesis. Patients with HIV infection have serological evidence of ongoing inflammation, with elevations in some biomarkers persisting despite adequate virologic control. In addition, HIV-co-infected patients have markers of advanced age on liver biopsy and increased prevalence of fibrosis as compared to an age-matched HCV mono-infected cohort. In this review, we will discuss the biology of aging, age-related changes in the liver, and the relevant mechanisms by which HIV causes inflammation in the context of accelerated aging, fibrosis of the liver, and other viral co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Chan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 315 Trent Dr, PO Box 102359, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yuval A Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steve Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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RNA Binding Protein CUGBP1 Inhibits Liver Cancer in a Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00128-17. [PMID: 28559429 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00128-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive investigations, mechanisms of liver cancer are not known. Here, we identified an important step of liver cancer, which is the neutralization of tumor suppressor activities of an RNA binding protein, CUGBP1. The translational activity of CUGBP1 is activated by dephosphorylation at Ser302. We generated CUGBP1-S302A knock-in mice and found that the reduction of translational activity of CUGBP1 causes development of a fatty liver phenotype in young S302A mice. Examination of liver cancer in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated CUGBP1-S302A mice showed these mice develop much more severe liver cancer that is associated with elimination of the mutant CUGBP1. Searching for mechanisms of this elimination, we found that the oncoprotein gankyrin (Gank) preferentially binds to and triggers degradation of dephosphorylated CUGBP1 (de-ph-S302-CUGBP1) or S302A mutant CUGBP1. To test the role of Gank in degradation of CUGBP1, we generated mice with liver-specific deletion of Gank. In these mice, the tumor suppressor isoform of CUGBP1 is protected from Gank-mediated degradation. Consistent with reduction of CUGBP1 in animal models, CUGBP1 is reduced in patients with pediatric liver cancer. Thus, this work presents evidence that de-ph-S302-CUGBP1 is a tumor suppressor protein and that the Gank-UPS-mediated reduction of CUGBP1 is a key event in the development of liver cancer.
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21
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CUG-binding protein 1 regulates HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13498. [PMID: 27853137 PMCID: PMC5118555 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key step in liver fibrogenesis. Here we report that CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) expression is elevated in HSCs and positively correlates with liver fibrosis severity in human liver biopsies. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) selectively increases CUGBP1 expression in cultured HSCs in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent manner. Knockdown of CUGBP1 inhibits alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and promotes interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in HSCs in vitro. We further show that CUGBP1 specifically binds to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of human IFN-γ mRNA and promotes its decay. In mice, knockdown of CUGBP1 alleviates, whereas its overexpression exacerbates, bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, CUGBP1-mediated IFN-γ mRNA decay is a key event for profibrotic TGF-β-dependent activation of HSCs, and inhibiting CUGBP1 to promote IFN-γ signalling in activated HSCs could be a novel strategy to treat liver fibrosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells is a critical event in the development of fibrosis, which is driven by TGF-beta and inhibited by IFN-gamma. Here Wu et al. show that the RNA binding protein CUGBP1 is increased by TGF-beta signalling and promotes IFN-gamma mRNA degradation.
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22
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Kour S, Rath PC. Long noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:1-21. [PMID: 26655093 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the universal, intrinsic, genetically-controlled, evolutionarily-conserved and time-dependent intricate biological process characterised by the cumulative decline in the physiological functions and their coordination in an organism after the attainment of adulthood resulting in the imbalance of neurological, immunological and metabolic functions of the body. Various biological processes and mechanisms along with altered levels of mRNAs and proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of aging. It is one of the major risk factors in the patho-physiology of various diseases and disorders. Recently, the discovery of pervasive transcription of a vast pool of heterogeneous regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the mammalian genome have provided an alternative way to study and explore the missing links in the aging process, its mechanism(s) and related diseases in a whole new dimension. The involvement of small noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases have been extensively studied and recently reviewed. However, lncRNAs, whose function is far less explored in relation to aging, have emerged as a class of major regulators of genomic functions. Here, we have described some examples of known as well as novel lncRNAs that have been implicated in the progression of the aging process and age-related diseases. This may further stimulate research on noncoding RNAs and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod C Rath
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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23
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Grammatikakis I, Panda AC, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) and the molecular hallmarks of aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:992-1009. [PMID: 25543668 PMCID: PMC4298369 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During aging, progressive deleterious changes increase the risk of disease and death. Prominent molecular hallmarks of aging are genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes, including age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence is emerging that lncRNAs influence the molecular processes that underlie age-associated phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of lncRNAs that control the development of aging traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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24
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p300 Regulates Liver Functions by Controlling p53 and C/EBP Family Proteins through Multiple Signaling Pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3005-16. [PMID: 26100016 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00421-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase p300 has been implicated in the regulation of liver biology; however, molecular mechanisms of this regulation are not known. In this paper, we examined these mechanisms using transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative p300 molecule (dnp300). While dnp300 mice did not show abnormal growth within 1 year, these mice have many alterations in liver biology and liver functions. We found that the inhibition of p300 leads to the accumulation of heterochromatin foci in the liver of 2-month-old mice. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed that this inhibition of p300 also causes alterations of gene expression in many signaling pathways, including chromatin remodeling, apoptosis, DNA damage, translation, and activation of the cell cycle. Livers of dnp300 mice have a high rate of proliferation and a much higher rate of proliferation after partial hepatectomy. We found that livers of dnp300 mice are resistant to CCl4-mediated injury and have reduced apoptosis but have increased proliferation after injury. Underlying mechanisms of resistance to liver injury and increased proliferation in dnp300 mice include ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of C/EBPα and translational repression of the p53 protein by the CUGBP1-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) repressor complex. Our data demonstrate that p300 regulates a number of critical signaling pathways that control liver functions.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aging is a condition in which a person gradually loses the ability to maintain homeostasis, due to structural alteration or dysfunction. Aging is a major risk factor for most chronic diseases. As the liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate, this review assessed the effect of aging on clinical liver disease with references to preclinical models when relevant to pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Aging has been shown to not only enhance vulnerability to acute liver injury but also increase susceptibility of the fibrotic response. Aging is associated with the severity and poor prognosis of various liver diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C, and liver transplantation. SUMMARY Treatment of older patients with liver disease may require different or longer interventions. Transplantation of an older liver will be less tolerant of subsequent injury. Future studies are needed to understand more about the molecular mechanism of aging and contribute to the development of a noble treatment strategy that can block the progression of aging-induced liver diseases.
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Jin J, Hong IH, Lewis K, Iakova P, Breaux M, Jiang Y, Sullivan E, Jawanmardi N, Timchenko L, Timchenko NA. Cooperation of C/EBP family proteins and chromatin remodeling proteins is essential for termination of liver regeneration. Hepatology 2015; 61:315-25. [PMID: 25043739 PMCID: PMC4280321 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer. A highly invasive surgical resection of the liver tumor is the main approach used to eliminate the tumor. Mechanisms that terminate liver regeneration when the liver reaches the original size are not known. The aims of this work were to generate an animal model that fails to stop liver regeneration after surgical resections and elucidate mechanisms that are involved in termination of liver regeneration. Because epigenetic control of liver function has been previously implicated in the regulation of liver proliferation, we generated C/EBPα-S193A knockin mice, which have alterations in formation of complexes of C/EBP family proteins with chromatin remodeling proteins. The C/EBPα-S193A mice have altered liver morphology and altered liver function leading to changes of glucose metabolism and blood parameters. Examination of the proliferative capacity of C/EBPα-S193A livers showed that livers of S193A mice have a higher rate of proliferation after birth, but stop proliferation at the age of 2 months. These animals have increased liver proliferation in response to liver surgery as well as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-mediated injury. Importantly, livers of C/EBPα-S193A mice fail to stop liver regeneration after surgery when livers reach the original, preresection, size. The failure of S193A livers to stop regeneration correlates with the epigenetic repression of key regulators of liver proliferation C/EBPα, p53, FXR, SIRT1, PGC1α, and TERT by C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes. The C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes also repress promoters of enzymes of glucose synthesis PEPCK and G6Pase. CONCLUSION Proper cooperation of C/EBP and chromatin remodeling proteins is essential for the termination of liver regeneration after surgery and for maintenance of liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lubov Timchenko
- Huffington Center on Aging and Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
| | - Nikolai A. Timchenko
- Corresponding author: Nikolai A. Timchenko, Department of Pathology & Immunology, and Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, Tel: 713-798-1567, Fax: 713-798-4161,
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Zhao J, Zhang Z, Dai J, wang L, Zhang C, Ye Y, Li L. Synergistic protective effect of chlorogenic acid, apigenin and caffeic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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