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Honda Y, Takahashi A, Tanaka N, Kajiwara Y, Sasaki R, Kataoka H, Sakamoto J, Okita M. Electrical Stimulation-Based Twitch Exercise Suppresses Progression of Immobilization-Induced Muscle Fibrosis via Downregulation of PGC-1?/VEGF Pathway. Physiol Res 2024; 73:285-294. [PMID: 38710059 PMCID: PMC11081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise is effective in inhibiting the progression of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis. 19 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=6), an immobilization group (n=6; with immobilization only), and a Belt group (n=7; with immobilization and twitch exercise through the belt electrode device, beginning 2 weeks after immobilization). The bilateral soleus muscles were harvested after the experimental period. The right soleus muscles were used for histological analysis, and the left soleus muscles were used for biochemical and molecular biological analysis. As a result, in the picrosirius red images, the perimysium and endomysium were thicker in both the immobilization and Belt groups compared to the control group. However, the perimysium and endomysium thickening were suppressed in the Belt group. The hydroxyproline content and alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, and HIF-1alpha mRNA expressions were significantly higher in the immobilization and belt groups than in the control group. These expressions were significantly lower in the Belt group than in the immobilization group. The capillary-to-myofiber ratio and the mRNA expressions of VEGF and PGC-1alpha were significantly lower in the immobilization and belt groups than in the control group, these were significantly higher in the Belt group than in the immobilization group. From these results, Electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise using the belt electrode device may prevent the progression of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis caused by downregulating PGC-1alpha/VEGF pathway, we surmised that this intervention strategy might be effective against the progression of muscle contracture. Keywords: Immobilization, Skeletal muscle, Fibrosis, Electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise, PGC-1alpha/VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Honda
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
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2
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Scholpa NE, Simmons EC, Thompson AD, Carroll SS, Schnellmann RG. 5-HT 1F receptor agonism induces mitochondrial biogenesis and increases cellular function in brain microvascular endothelial cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1365158. [PMID: 38510106 PMCID: PMC10952819 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1365158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular and mitochondrial dysfunction are well-established consequences of multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. We previously reported that 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor (5-HT1FR) agonism induces mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) in multiple organ systems, including the CNS. Methods Lasmiditan is a selective 5-HT1FR agonist that is FDA-approved for the treatment of migraines. We have recently shown that lasmiditan treatment induces MB, promotes vascular recovery and improves locomotor function in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). To investigate the mechanism of this effect, primary cerebral microvascular endothelial cells from C57bl/6 mice (mBMEC) were used. Results Lasmiditan treatment increased the maximal oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial density in mBMEC, indicative of MB induction. Lasmiditan also enhanced endothelial cell migration and tube formation, key components of angiogenesis. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and tight junction protein expression, including claudin-5, were also increased with lasmiditan, suggesting improved barrier function. Finally, lasmiditan treatment decreased phosphorylated VE-Cadherin and induced activation of the Akt-FoxO1 pathway, which decreases FoxO1-mediated inhibition of claudin-5 transcription. Discussion These data demonstrate that lasmiditan induces MB and enhances endothelial cell function, likely via the VE-Cadherin-Akt-FoxO1-claudin-5 signaling axis. Given the importance of mitochondrial and vascular dysfunction in neuropathologies, 5-HT1FR agonism may have broad therapeutic potential to address multiple facets of disease progression by promoting MB and vascular recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Epiphani C. Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Austin D. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Seth S. Carroll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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3
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Nunes MJ, Carvalho AN, Sá-Lemos C, Colaço M, Cervenka I, Ciraci V, Santos SG, Ribeiro MM, Castanheira M, Jannig PR, Gama MJ, Castro-Caldas M, Rodrigues CMP, Rodrigues E, Ruas JL. Sustained PGC-1α2 or PGC-1α3 expression induces astrocyte dysfunction and degeneration. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151377. [PMID: 38006841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) transcriptional coactivators are key regulators of energy metabolism-related genes and are expressed in energy-demanding tissues. There are several PGC-1α variants with different biological functions in different tissues. The brain is one of the tissues where the role of PGC-1α isoforms remains less explored. Here, we used a toxin-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and observed that the expression levels of variants PGC-1α2 and PGC-1α3 in the nigrostriatal pathway increases at the onset of dopaminergic cell degeneration. This increase occurs concomitant with an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein levels. Since PGC-1α coactivators regulate cellular adaptive responses, we hypothesized that they could be involved in the modulation of astrogliosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Therefore, we analysed the transcriptome of astrocytes transduced with expression vectors encoding PGC-1α1 to 1α4 by massively parallel sequencing (RNA-seq) and identified the main cellular pathways controlled by these isoforms. Interestingly, in reactive astrocytes the inflammatory and antioxidant responses, adhesion, migration, and viability were altered by PGC-1α2 and PGC-1α3, showing that sustained expression of these isoforms induces astrocyte dysfunction and degeneration. This work highlights PGC-1α isoforms as modulators of astrocyte reactivity and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A N Carvalho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Sá-Lemos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Colaço
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Ciraci
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S G Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M M Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Castanheira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Gama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Castro-Caldas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - C M P Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J L Ruas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Wang R, Bai J. Pharmacological interventions targeting the microcirculation following traumatic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:35-42. [PMID: 37488841 PMCID: PMC10479866 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating disorder characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction that severely compromises an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. These adverse outcomes are closely related to the complex mechanism of spinal cord injury, the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons, and the inhibitory environment formed by traumatic injury. Disruption to the microcirculation is an important pathophysiological mechanism of spinal cord injury. A number of therapeutic agents have been shown to improve the injury environment, mitigate secondary damage, and/or promote regeneration and repair. Among them, the spinal cord microcirculation has become an important target for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Drug interventions targeting the microcirculation can improve the microenvironment and promote recovery following spinal cord injury. These drugs target the structure and function of the spinal cord microcirculation and are essential for maintaining the normal function of spinal neurons, axons, and glial cells. This review discusses the pathophysiological role of spinal cord microcirculation in spinal cord injury, including its structure and histopathological changes. Further, it summarizes the progress of drug therapies targeting the spinal cord microcirculation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Bai
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Narkar VA. Exercise and Ischemia-Activated Pathways in Limb Muscle Angiogenesis and Vascular Regeneration. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:58-68. [PMID: 38028974 PMCID: PMC10655757 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has a profound effect on cardiovascular disease, particularly through vascular remodeling and regeneration. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one such cardiovascular condition that benefits from regular exercise or rehabilitative physical therapy in terms of slowing the progression of disease and delaying amputations. Various rodent pre-clinical studies using models of PAD and exercise have shed light on molecular pathways of vascular regeneration. Here, I review key exercise-activated signaling pathways (nuclear receptors, kinases, and hypoxia inducible factors) in the skeletal muscle that drive paracrine regenerative angiogenesis. The rationale for highlighting the skeletal muscle is that it is the largest organ recruited during exercise. During exercise, skeletal muscle releases several myokines, including angiogenic factors and cytokines that drive tissue vascular regeneration via activation of endothelial cells, as well as by recruiting immune and endothelial progenitor cells. Some of these core exercise-activated pathways can be extrapolated to vascular regeneration in other organs. I also highlight future areas of exercise research (including metabolomics, single cell transcriptomics, and extracellular vesicle biology) to advance our understanding of how exercise induces vascular regeneration at the molecular level, and propose the idea of "exercise-mimicking" therapeutics for vascular recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, US
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Chaltel-Lima L, Domínguez F, Domínguez-Ramírez L, Cortes-Hernandez P. The Role of the Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha (ERRa) in Hypoxia and Its Implications for Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097983. [PMID: 37175690 PMCID: PMC10178695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), cells activate survival mechanisms including metabolic changes and angiogenesis, which are regulated by HIF-1. The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a transcription factor with important roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism that is overexpressed in hypoxia, suggesting that it plays a role in cell survival in this condition. This review enumerates and analyses the recent evidence that points to the role of ERRα as a regulator of hypoxic genes, both in cooperation with HIF-1 and through HIF-1- independent mechanisms, in invertebrate and vertebrate models and in physiological and pathological scenarios. ERRα's functions during hypoxia include two mechanisms: (1) direct ERRα/HIF-1 interaction, which enhances HIF-1's transcriptional activity; and (2) transcriptional activation by ERRα of genes that are classical HIF-1 targets, such as VEGF or glycolytic enzymes. ERRα is thus gaining recognition for its prominent role in the hypoxia response, both in the presence and absence of HIF-1. In some models, ERRα prepares cells for hypoxia, with important clinical/therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chaltel-Lima
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| | - Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| | - Paulina Cortes-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
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Oehler D, Spychala A, Gödecke A, Lang A, Gerdes N, Ruas J, Kelm M, Szendroedi J, Westenfeld R. Full-length transcriptomic analysis in murine and human heart reveals diversity of PGC-1α promoters and isoforms regulated distinctly in myocardial ischemia and obesity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:169. [PMID: 35907957 PMCID: PMC9338484 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) acts as a transcriptional coactivator and regulates mitochondrial function. Various isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and differentially regulated promoters. In the heart, total PGC-1α deficiency knockout leads to dilatative cardiomyopathy, but knowledge on the complexity of cardiac isoform expression of PGC-1α remains sparse. Thus, this study aims to generate a reliable dataset on cardiac isoform expression pattern by long-read mRNA sequencing, followed by investigation of differential regulation of PGC-1α isoforms under metabolic and ischemic stress, using high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-induced obesity and a murine model of myocardial infarction. RESULTS Murine (C57Bl/6J) or human heart tissue (obtained during LVAD-surgery) was used for long-read mRNA sequencing, resulting in full-length transcriptomes including 58,000 mRNA isoforms with 99% sequence accuracy. Automatic bioinformatic analysis as well as manual similarity search against exonic sequences leads to identification of putative coding PGC-1α isoforms, validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Thereby, 12 novel transcripts generated by hitherto unknown splicing events were detected. In addition, we postulate a novel promoter with homologous and strongly conserved sequence in human heart. High-fat diet as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury transiently reduced cardiac expression of PGC-1α isoforms, with the most pronounced effect in the infarcted area. Recovery of PGC-1α-isoform expression was even more decelerated when I/R was performed in diet-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS We deciphered for the first time a complete full-length transcriptome of the murine and human heart, identifying novel putative PGC-1α coding transcripts including a novel promoter. These transcripts are differentially regulated in I/R and obesity suggesting transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing that may modulate PGC-1α function in the injured and metabolically challenged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oehler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - André Spychala
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Molecular dynamics of estrogen-related receptors and their regulatory proteins: roles in transcriptional control for endocrine and metabolic signaling. Anat Sci Int 2021; 97:15-29. [PMID: 34609710 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and has three subtypes α, β, and γ. Despite their strong homology with estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERRs cannot accommodate endogenous hormones. However, they are able to regulate gene expression without ligand binding. ERRα and ERRγ orchestrate the expression of genes involved in bioenergetic pathways, while ERRβ controls placental development and stem cell maintenance. Evidence from recent studies, including clinical research, has also demonstrated close associations of ERRs with the pathophysiology of hormone-related cancers and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes the basic knowledge and recent advances in ERRs and their associated proteins, focusing on the subcellular dynamics involved in transcriptional regulation. Fluorescent protein labeling enabled monitoring of ERRs in living cells and revealed previously unrecognized characteristics. Using this technique, we demonstrated a role of ERRβ in controlling estrogen signaling by regulating the subnuclear dynamics of ligand-activated ERα. Visualization of ERRs and related proteins and subsequent analyses also revealed a function of ERRγ in promoting liver lactate metabolism in association with LRPGC1, a recently identified lactic acid-responsive protein. These findings suggest that ERRs activate unique transregulation mechanisms in response to extracellular stimuli such as hormones and metabolic signals, implying an adaptive system behind the cellular homeostatic regulation by orphan NRs. Control of subcellular ERR dynamics will contribute toward the development of therapeutic approaches to treat various diseases including hormone-related cancers and metabolic disorders associated with abnormal ERR signaling pathways.
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Simmons EC, Scholpa NE, Schnellmann RG. FDA-approved 5-HT 1F receptor agonist lasmiditan induces mitochondrial biogenesis and enhances locomotor and blood-spinal cord barrier recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113720. [PMID: 33848513 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular and mitochondrial dysfunction are well-established consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). Evidence suggests mitigating these dysfunctions may be an effective approach in treating SCI. The goal of this study was to elucidate if mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) induction with a new, selective and FDA-approved 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F (5-HT1F) receptor agonist, lasmiditan, can stimulate locomotor recovery and restoration of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after SCI. Female C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to moderate SCI using a force-controlled impactor-induced contusion model followed by daily administration of lasmiditan (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) beginning 1 h after injury. In the naïve spinal cord, electron microscopy revealed increased mitochondrial density and mitochondrial area, as well as enhanced mitochondrial DNA content. FCCP-uncoupled oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a functional marker of MB, was also increased in the naïve spinal cord following lasmiditan treatment. We observed disrupted mitochondrial DNA content, PGC-1α levels and FCCP-OCR in the injury site 3d after SCI. Lasmiditan treatment attenuated, and in some cases restored these deficits. Lasmiditan treatment also resulted in increased locomotor capability as early as 7d post-SCI, with treated mice reaching a Basso-Mouse Scale score of 3.3 by 21d, while vehicle-treated mice exhibited a score of 2.0. Integrity of the BSCB was assessed using Evans Blue dye extravasation. While SCI increased dye extravasation at 3d and 7d, dye accumulation in the spinal cord of lasmiditan-treated mice was attenuated 7d post-SCI, suggesting accelerated BSCB recovery. Finally, lasmiditan treatment resulted in decreased lesion volume and spared myelinated tissue 7d post-SCI. Collectively, these data reveal that 5-HT1F receptor agonist-induced MB using the FDA-approved drug lasmiditan may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epiphani C Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Natalie E Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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11
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Twist1 signaling in age-dependent decline in angiogenesis and lung regeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7781-7799. [PMID: 33764901 PMCID: PMC8034921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis – the formation of new blood capillaries- is impaired in aging animals and contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. A transcription factor, Twist1, contributes to the pathogenesis of age- and angiogenesis-related diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism by which Twist1 controls age-dependent decline in angiogenesis remains unclear. In this report, we have demonstrated that the levels of Twist1 are higher, while the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) that stimulates angiogenesis, is lower in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from aged human adipose tissues and mouse lungs compared to those from young tissues. Knockdown of Twist1 in aged human ECs increases the levels of PGC1α and angiogenic factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR2), and restores EC proliferation and migration, while inhibition of PGC1α suppresses these effects. Knockdown of Twist1 in supplemented aged ECs also restores vascular networks in the subcutaneously implanted gel, while these effects are abrogated by knockdown of PGC1α. Age-dependent inhibition of post-pneumonectomy (PNX) lung growth is suppressed in Tie2-specific Twist1 conditional knockout mouse lungs, in which VEGFR2 expression increases after PNX. These results suggest that upregulation of endothelial Twist1 mediates age-dependent decline in angiogenesis and regenerative lung growth.
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12
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Selective Activation of CNS and Reference PPARGC1A Promoters Is Associated with Distinct Gene Programs Relevant for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073296. [PMID: 33804860 PMCID: PMC8036390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A (PGC-1α), encoded by PPARGC1A, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Recently discovered CNS-specific PPARGC1A transcripts are initiated far upstream of the reference promoter, spliced to exon 2 of the reference gene, and are more abundant than reference gene transcripts in post-mortem human brain samples. The proteins translated from the CNS and reference transcripts differ only at their N-terminal regions. To dissect functional differences between CNS-specific isoforms and reference proteins, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) for selective endogenous activation of the CNS or the reference promoters in SH-SY5Y cells. Expression and/or exon usage of the targets was ascertained by RNA sequencing. Compared to controls, more differentially expressed genes were observed after activation of the CNS than the reference gene promoter, while the magnitude of alternative exon usage was comparable between activation of the two promoters. Promoter-selective associations were observed with canonical signaling pathways, mitochondrial and nervous system functions and neurological diseases. The distinct N-terminal as well as the shared downstream regions of PGC-1α isoforms affect the exon usage of numerous genes. Furthermore, associations of risk genes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease were noted with differentially expressed genes resulting from the activation of the CNS and reference gene promoter, respectively. Thus, CNS-specific isoforms markedly amplify the biological functions of PPARGC1A and CNS-specific isoforms and reference proteins have common, complementary and selective functions relevant for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Ramos C, Cheng AJ, Kamandulis S, Subocius A, Brazaitis M, Venckunas T, Chaillou T. Carbohydrate restriction following strenuous glycogen-depleting exercise does not potentiate the acute molecular response associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1219-1232. [PMID: 33564963 PMCID: PMC7966224 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Carbohydrate (CHO) restriction could be a potent metabolic regulator of endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptations. Here, we determined whether post-exercise CHO restriction following strenuous exercise combining continuous cycling exercise (CCE) and sprint interval exercise could affect the gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Methods In a randomized cross-over design, 8 recreationally active males performed two cycling exercise sessions separated by 4 weeks. Each session consisted of 60-min CCE and six 30-s all-out sprints, which was followed by ingestion of either a CHO or placebo beverage in the post-exercise recovery period. Muscle glycogen concentration and the mRNA levels of several genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism were determined before, immediately after, and at 3 h after exercise. Results Compared to pre-exercise, strenuous cycling led to a severe muscle glycogen depletion (> 90%) and induced a large increase in PGC1A and PDK4 mRNA levels (~ 20-fold and ~ 10-fold, respectively) during the acute recovery period in both trials. The abundance of the other transcripts was not changed or was only moderately increased during this period. CHO restriction during the 3-h post-exercise period blunted muscle glycogen resynthesis but did not increase the mRNA levels of genes associated with muscle adaptation to endurance exercise, as compared with abundant post-exercise CHO consumption. Conclusion CHO restriction after a glycogen-depleting and metabolically-demanding cycling session is not effective for increasing the acute mRNA levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ramos
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrejus Subocius
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Surgery, Kaunas Clinical Hospital, 47144, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Clinic of Surgery, Republican Hospital of Kaunas, 45130, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
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Kim J, Moon J, Park CH, Lee J, Cheng H, Floyd ZE, Chang JS. NT-PGC-1α deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating food intake, fecal fat excretion and intestinal fat absorption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1323. [PMID: 33446719 PMCID: PMC7809341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α regulate metabolic adaptation by modulating many gene programs. Selective ablation of PGC-1α attenuates diet-induced obesity through enhancing fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis by upregulation of NT-PGC-1α in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, we have shown that selective ablation of NT-PGC-1α reduces fatty acid oxidation in BAT. Thus, the objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that NT-PGC-1α−/− mice would be more prone to diet-induced obesity. Male and female NT-PGC-1α+/+ (WT) and NT-PGC-1α−/− mice were fed a regular chow or 60% high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, both male and female NT-PGC-1α−/− mice fed HFD were protected from diet-induced obesity, with more pronounced effects in females. This lean phenotype was primarily driven by reduced dietary fat intake. Intriguingly, HFD-fed female, but not male, NT-PGC-1α−/− mice further exhibited decreased feed efficiency, which was closely associated with increased fecal fat excretion and decreased uptake of fatty acids by the intestinal enterocytes and adipocytes with a concomitant decrease in fatty acid transporter gene expression. Collectively, our results highlight the role for NT-PGC-1α in regulating whole body lipid homeostasis under HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Chul-Hong Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Helia Cheng
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Laboratory of Ubiquitin Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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15
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Takahashi K, Yoneyama Y, Koizumi N, Utoguchi N, Kanayama N, Higashi N. Expression of p57 KIP2 reduces growth and invasion, and induces syncytialization in a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo. Placenta 2020; 104:168-178. [PMID: 33360007 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Syncytiotrophoblasts are the major components of the human placenta involved in fetal maternal exchange and hormone secretion. The syncytiotrophoblasts arise from the fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts. The cell cycle suppressor p57KIP2 is known to be an essential molecule for proper trophoblast differentiation during placental formation. METHODS We generated p57KIP2-expressing BeWo transfectant cells. Proliferation assay and matrigel invasion assay were used to characterize p57KIP2-expressing BeWo transfectant cells. To reveal the role of p57KIP2 in syncytialization, we proceeded syncytium formation analysis and qRT-PCR for detection of the expression levels Syncytin-1, Syncytin-2 and their receptors. RESULTS The human choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo has undetectable levels of p57KIP2 expression. Expression of p57KIP2 reduced cell proliferation rate and extracellular matrix invasion activity. p57KIP2 expressing cells displayed multinucleated cells associated with syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. In the syncytialization event, p57KIP2 was found to potentiate forskolin-induced upregulation of Syncytin-2 in a cAMP-independent manner. DISCUSSION These results indicate that the expression of p57KIP2 may act on the proliferation/invasion inhibitory factor and enhance the expression of Syncytin-2, which are associated with syncytialization in cytotrophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Showa Univerisity School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yui Yoneyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoya Koizumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashitamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Naoki Utoguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashitamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600, Handa-cho, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Huang JB, Hsu SP, Pan HY, Chen SD, Chen SF, Lin TK, Liu XP, Li JH, Chen NC, Liou CW, Hsu CY, Chuang HY, Chuang YC. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1α Activates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor That Protects Against Neuronal Cell Death Following Status Epilepticus through PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197247. [PMID: 33008083 PMCID: PMC7583914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus may cause molecular and cellular events, leading to hippocampal neuronal cell death. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) is an important regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), also known as fetal liver kinase receptor 1 (Flk-1). Resveratrol is an activator of PGC-1α. It has been suggested to provide neuroprotective effects in epilepsy, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we used microinjection of kainic acid into the left hippocampal CA3 region in Sprague Dawley rats to induce bilateral prolonged seizure activity. Upregulating the PGC-1α pathway will increase VEGF/VEGFR2 (Flk-1) signaling and further activate some survival signaling that includes the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways and offer neuroprotection as a consequence of apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons following status epilepticus. Otherwise, downregulation of PGC-1α by siRNA against pgc-1α will inhibit VEGF/VEGFR2 (Flk-1) signaling and suppress pro-survival PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways that are also accompanied by hippocampal CA3 neuronal cell apoptosis. These results may indicate that the PGC-1α induced VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway may trigger the neuronal survival signaling, and the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Thus, the axis of PGC-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and the triggering of downstream PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling could be considered an endogenous neuroprotective effect against apoptosis in the hippocampus following status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Bin Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (J.-B.H.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Shih-Pin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital/School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Yung Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (J.-B.H.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (X.-P.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Shu-Fang Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Ping Liu
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (X.-P.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jie-Hau Li
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (X.-P.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (S.-D.C.); (S.-F.C.); (T.-K.L.); (N.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (X.-P.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Tanida T, Matsuda KI, Tanaka M. Novel metabolic system for lactic acid via LRPGC1/ERRγ signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:13239-13256. [PMID: 32851675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000492r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is a byproduct of glycolysis resulting from intense exercise or a metabolic defect in aerobic processes. LA metabolism is essential to prevent lactic acidosis, but the mechanism through which LA regulates its own metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we identified a LA-responsive protein, named LRPGC1, which has a distinct role from PGC1α, a key metabolic regulator, and report that LRPGC1 particularly mediates LA response to activate liver LA metabolism. Following LA stimulation, LRPGC1, but not PGC1α, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus through deactivation of nuclear export signals, interacts with the nuclear receptor ERRγ, and upregulates TFAM, which ensures mitochondrial biogenesis. Knockout of PGC1 gene in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells decreased the LA consumption and TFAM expression, which were rescued by LRPGC1 expression, but not by PGC1α. These LRPGC1-induced effects were mediated by ERRγ, concomitantly with mitochondrial activation. The response element for LRPGC1/ERRγ signaling pathway was identified in TFAM promoter. Notably, the survival rate of a mouse model of lactic acidosis was reduced by the liver-targeted silencing of Lrpgc1, while it was significantly ameliorated by the pharmacological activation of ERRγ. These findings demonstrate LA-responsive transactivation via LRPGC1 that highlight an intrinsic molecular mechanism for LA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Ichi Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Exercise- and Cold-Induced Human PGC-1α mRNA Isoform Specific Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165740. [PMID: 32784428 PMCID: PMC7460212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure in conjunction with aerobic exercise stimulates gene expression of PGC-1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α can be expressed as multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing mechanisms. Among these isoforms is NT-PGC-1α, which produces a truncated form of the PGC-1α protein, as well as isoforms derived from the first exon of the transcript, PGC-1α-a, PGC-1α-b, and PGC-1α-c. Relatively little is known about the individual responses of these isoforms to exercise and environmental temperature. Therefore, we determined the expression of PGC-1α isoforms following an acute bout of cycling in cold (C) and room temperature (RT) conditions. Nine male participants cycled for 1h at 65% Wmax at −2 °C and 20 °C. A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before and 3h post-exercise. RT-qPCR was used to analyze gene expression of PGC-1α isoforms. Gene expression of all PGC-1α isoforms increased due to the exercise intervention (p < 0.05). Exercise and cold exposure induced a greater increase in gene expression for total PGC-1α (p = 0.028) and its truncated isoform, NT-PGC-1α (p = 0.034), but there was no temperature-dependent response in the other PGC-1α isoforms measured. It appears that NT-PGC-1α may have a significant contribution to the reported alterations in the exercise- and temperature-induced PGC-1α response.
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19
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Farina AR, Cappabianca L, Sebastiano M, Zelli V, Guadagni S, Mackay AR. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing: the 11th Hallmark of Cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:110. [PMID: 32536347 PMCID: PMC7294618 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing is a potent driving force in tumour pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we update currents concepts of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing and how it influences tumour biology. Following brief descriptions of tumour-associated hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing process, we review the many ways hypoxia regulates alternative splicing and how hypoxia-induced alternative splicing impacts each individual hallmark of cancer. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing integrates chemical and cellular tumour microenvironments, underpins continuous adaptation of the tumour cellular microenvironment responsible for metastatic progression and plays clear roles in oncogene activation and autonomous tumour growth, tumor suppressor inactivation, tumour cell immortalization, angiogenesis, tumour cell evasion of programmed cell death and the anti-tumour immune response, a tumour-promoting inflammatory response, adaptive metabolic re-programming, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and genetic instability, all of which combine to promote metastatic disease. The impressive number of hypoxia-induced alternative spliced protein isoforms that characterize tumour progression, classifies hypoxia-induced alternative splicing as the 11th hallmark of cancer, and offers a fertile source of potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michela Sebastiano
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Suntar I, Sureda A, Belwal T, Sanches Silva A, Vacca RA, Tewari D, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Shirooie S, Dehpour AR, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Daglia M, D'Antona G, Nabavi SM. Natural products, PGC-1 α , and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:734-745. [PMID: 32528825 PMCID: PMC7276681 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors. PPARγ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) coactivators possess an extensive range of biological effects in different tissues, and play a key part in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism, consequently modulating the production of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Owing to these findings, a large body of studies, aiming to establish the role of PGC-1 in the neuromuscular system, has shown that PGC-1 could be a promising target for therapies targeting neuromuscular diseases. Among these, some evidence has shown that various signaling pathways linked to PGC-1α are deregulated in muscular dystrophy, leading to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the light of these results, any intervention aimed at activating PGC-1 could contribute towards ameliorating the progression of muscular dystrophies. PGC-1α is influenced by different patho-physiological/pharmacological stimuli. Natural products have been reported to display modulatory effects on PPARγ activation with fewer side effects in comparison to synthetic drugs. Taken together, this review summarizes the current knowledge on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, focusing on the potential effects of natural compounds, acting as regulators of PGC-1α.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotides
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BMD, Becker muscular dystrophy
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein
- CnA, calcineurin a
- DAGC, dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
- DGC, dystrophin–glycoprotein complex
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1
- DS, Down syndrome
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FOXO1, forkhead box class-O1
- GABP, GA-binding protein
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GSK3b, glycogen synthase kinase 3b
- HCT, hydrochlorothiazide
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factors
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MD, muscular dystrophy
- MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor 2
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
- Muscular dystrophy
- MyoD, myogenic differentiation
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NMJ, neuromuscular junctions
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, NO synthase
- Natural product
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPARγ activation
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPP1, secreted phosphoprotein 1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- UCP, uncoupling protein
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
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Mitochondrial biogenesis as a therapeutic target for traumatic and neurodegenerative CNS diseases. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113309. [PMID: 32289315 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, both traumatic and neurodegenerative, are characterized by impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and often disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. The dysregulation observed in these pathologies leads to defective respiratory chain function and reduced ATP production, thereby promoting neuronal death. As such, attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction through induction of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a promising, though still underexplored, therapeutic strategy. MB is a multifaceted process involving the integration of highly regulated transcriptional events, lipid membrane and protein synthesis/assembly and replication of mtDNA. Several nuclear transcription factors promote the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial import and export systems, antioxidant defense and mitochondrial gene transcription. Of these, the nuclear-encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is the most commonly studied and is widely accepted as the 'master regulator' of MB. Several recent preclinical studies document that reestablishment of mitochondrial homeostasis through increased MB results in inhibited injury progression and increased functional recovery. This perspective will briefly review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the propagation of CNS diseases, while also describing current research strategies that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and compounds that induce MB for the treatment of acute and chronic neuropathologies.
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Abstract
During nearly 100 years of research on cancer cachexia (CC), science has been reciting the same mantra: it is a multifactorial syndrome. The aim of this paper is to show that the symptoms are many, but they have a single cause: anoxia. CC is a complex and devastating condition that affects a high proportion of advanced cancer patients. Unfortunately, it cannot be reversed by traditional nutritional support and it generally reduces survival time. It is characterized by significant weight loss, mainly from fat deposits and skeletal muscles. The occurrence of cachexia in cancer patients is usually a late phenomenon. The conundrum is why do similar patients with similar tumors, develop cachexia and others do not? Even if cachexia is mainly a metabolic dysfunction, there are other issues involved such as the activation of inflammatory responses and crosstalk between different cell types. The exact mechanism leading to a wasting syndrome is not known, however there are some factors that are surely involved, such as anorexia with lower calorie intake, increased glycolytic flux, gluconeogenesis, increased lipolysis and severe tumor hypoxia. Based on this incomplete knowledge we put together a scheme explaining the molecular mechanisms behind cancer cachexia, and surprisingly, there is one cause that explains all of its characteristics: anoxia. With this different view of CC we propose a treatment based on the physiopathology that leads from anoxia to the symptoms of CC. The fundamentals of this hypothesis are based on the idea that CC is the result of anoxia causing intracellular lactic acidosis. This is a dangerous situation for cell survival which can be solved by activating energy consuming gluconeogenesis. The process is conducted by the hypoxia inducible factor-1α. This hypothesis was built by putting together pieces of evidence produced by authors working on related topics.
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Soyal SM, Bonova P, Kwik M, Zara G, Auer S, Scharler C, Strunk D, Nofziger C, Paulmichl M, Patsch W. The Expression of CNS-Specific PPARGC1A Transcripts Is Regulated by Hypoxia and a Variable GT Repeat Polymorphism. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:752-764. [PMID: 31471878 PMCID: PMC7031416 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PPARGC1A encodes a transcriptional co-activator also termed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) which orchestrates multiple transcriptional programs. We have recently identified CNS-specific transcripts that are initiated far upstream of the reference gene (RG) promoter. The regulation of these isoforms may be relevant, as experimental and genetic studies implicated the PPARGC1A locus in neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore studied cis- and trans-regulatory elements activating the CNS promoter in comparison to the RG promoter in human neuronal cell lines. A naturally occurring variable guanidine thymidine (GT) repeat polymorphism within a microsatellite region in the proximal CNS promoter increases promoter activity in neuronal cell lines. Both the RG and the CNS promoters are activated by ESRRA, and the PGC-1α isoforms co-activate ESRRA on their own promoters suggesting an autoregulatory feedback loop. The proximal CNS, but not the RG, promoter is induced by FOXA2 and co-activated by PGC-1α resulting in robust activation. Furthermore, the CNS, but not the RG, promoter is targeted by the canonical hypoxia response involving HIF1A. Importantly, the transactivation by HIF1A is modulated by the size of the GT polymorphism. Increased expression of CNS-specific transcripts in response to hypoxia was observed in an established rat model, while RG transcripts encoding the full-length reference protein were not increased. These results suggest a role of the CNS region of the PPARGC1A locus in ischemia and warrant further studies in humans as the activity of the CNS promoter as well as its induction by hypoxia is subject to inter-individual variability due to the GT polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma M Soyal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Markus Kwik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Greta Zara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simon Auer
- Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Markus Paulmichl
- PharmGenetix GmbH, Niederalm, 5081, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Personalized Medicine, Humanomed, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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24
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Garner RT, Solfest JS, Nie Y, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Multivesicular body and exosome pathway responses to acute exercise. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:511-521. [PMID: 31917487 DOI: 10.1113/ep088017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of acute aerobic and aerobic + resistance (concurrent) exercise on the regulation of multivesicular body formation in human skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? Gene expression for proteins associated with multivesicular body biogenesis was increased in response to concurrent exercise, and gene expression of microRNA processing (genetic information) was increased in response to aerobic and concurrent exercise. A greater understanding of the processing of multivesicular bodies in response to acute exercise may lead to novel treatments focused on intercellular communication pathways. ABSTRACT Regular aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) promote many beneficial adaptations. Skeletal muscle participates in intercellular communication in part through the release of myokines and extracellular vesicles including exosomes (EXOs), the latter containing mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), lipids and proteins. Exercise-induced regulation of skeletal muscle multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis leading to EXO formation and release is poorly understood. We hypothesized that acute exercise would increase skeletal muscle MVB biogenesis and EXO release pathways with a greater response to aerobic + resistance exercise (A+REx) than to AEx alone. Twelve sedentary, healthy male subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer for 45 min (AEx) followed by single leg, knee extensor, resistance exercise (A+REx). Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained at rest and 1 h post-exercise. Key components of the MVB biogenesis, EXO biogenesis and release, and miRNA processing pathways were analysed. Clathrin and Alix mRNA (MVB biogenesis) were increased by A+REx, while DICER and exportin mRNA (miRNA processing) were increased by AEx and A+REx. There were positive relationships between MVBs and miRNA processing genes following both AEx and A+REx consistent with coordinated regulation of these interrelated processes (Alix mRNA increased with Drosha, exportin and Dicer mRNA). Acute exercise increases the regulation of components of MVB and EXO pathways as well as miRNA processing components. A greater understanding of the production and packaging of skeletal muscle MVBs, EXOs and mature miRNA could lead to novel treatments focused on intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron T Garner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Science, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Jessica S Solfest
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Mayo School of Health Sciences - Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Julianne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine - West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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25
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Léveillé M, Besse-Patin A, Jouvet N, Gunes A, Sczelecki S, Jeromson S, Khan NP, Baldwin C, Dumouchel A, Correia JC, Jannig PR, Boulais J, Ruas JL, Estall JL. PGC-1α isoforms coordinate to balance hepatic metabolism and apoptosis in inflammatory environments. Mol Metab 2020; 34:72-84. [PMID: 32180561 PMCID: PMC7011010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The liver is regularly exposed to changing metabolic and inflammatory environments. It must sense and adapt to metabolic need while balancing resources required to protect itself from insult. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator expressed as multiple, alternatively spliced variants transcribed from different promoters that coordinate metabolic adaptation and protect against inflammation. It is not known how PGC-1α integrates extracellular signals to balance metabolic and anti-inflammatory outcomes. Methods Primary mouse hepatocytes were used to evaluate the role(s) of different PGC-1α proteins in regulating hepatic metabolism and inflammatory signaling downstream of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Gene expression and signaling analysis were combined with biochemical measurement of apoptosis using gain- and loss-of-function in vitro and in vivo. Results Hepatocytes expressed multiple isoforms of PGC-1α, including PGC-1α4, which microarray analysis showed had common and isoform-specific functions linked to metabolism and inflammation compared with canonical PGC-1α1. Whereas PGC-1α1 primarily impacted gene programs of nutrient metabolism and mitochondrial biology, TNFα signaling showed several pathways related to innate immunity and cell death downstream of PGC-1α4. Gain- and loss-of-function models illustrated that PGC-1α4 uniquely enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic gene programs and attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This was in contrast to PGC-1α1, which decreased the expression of a wide inflammatory gene network but did not prevent hepatocyte death in response to cytokines. Conclusions PGC-1α variants have distinct, yet complementary roles in hepatic responses to metabolism and inflammation, and we identify PGC-1α4 as an important mitigator of apoptosis. Multiple isoforms of PGC-1α are expressed in hepatocytes, including PGC-1α4. PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4 share many metabolic targets, but PGC-1α4 has unique functions linked to hepatic inflammatory signalling. PGC-1α4 attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα and LPS in vitro and in vivo. Inflammatory signaling influences PGC-1α4 localization in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Léveillé
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurèle Besse-Patin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jouvet
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aysim Gunes
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Sczelecki
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stewart Jeromson
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naveen P Khan
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Dumouchel
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Pablos A, Ceca D, Jorda A, Rivera P, Colmena C, Elvira L, Martínez-Arnau FM, Valles SL. Protective Effects of Foam Rolling against Inflammation and Notexin Induced Muscle Damage in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:71-81. [PMID: 31929740 PMCID: PMC6945557 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that high-intensity exercise can cause inflammation and damage in muscle tissue, and in recent years, physical therapists and fitness professionals have begun to use foam rolling as a recovery method to improve performance. Despite the lack of basic science studies to support or refute the efficacy of foam rolling, the technique is very widely used in the sports world. In this respect, we investigated whether foam rolling could attenuate muscle damage and inflammation. Female Wistar rats were assigned to control (C), foam rolling (FR), notexin without foam rolling (N) and notexin with foam rolling (NFR) groups. A 4.5 x 2 cm foam roller was used to massage their hind legs (two 60-second repetitions twice a day for 3 days). Motor function tests (Balance Beam Test and Grip strength) were used. We detected an increase in time and foot faults when crossing a beam in the N group compared to C and FR rats. In contrast, a significant decrease was detected in both tests in NFR compared to N rats. Muscle power was measured with a grip strength test and better performance was detected in NFR rats compared to N rats. Furthermore, an increase of pro-inflammatory proteins was noted in the N group, while there was a decrease in the NFR group. On the contrary, an increase in PPAR-γ (anti-inflammatory protein) in the NFR group compared to the N group demonstrates the anti-inflammatory properties of the foam rolling technique. In summary, applying foam rolling after damage has benefits such as an increase in anti-inflammatory proteins and a reduction of pro-inflammatory proteins, resulting in muscle recovery and better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pablos
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Ceca
- Department of Education, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Rivera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Colmena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Elvira
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Martínez-Arnau
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Wang LF, Yan ZY, Li YL, Wang YH, Zhang SJ, Jia X, Lu L, Shang YX, Wang X, Li YH, Li SY. Inhibition of Obtusifolin on retinal pigment epithelial cell growth under hypoxia. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1539-1547. [PMID: 31637188 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effect of Obtusifolin on retinal pigment epithelial cell growth under hypoxia. METHODS In vitro chemical hypoxia model of ARPE-19 cells was established using cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Cell viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect proteins and mRNAs respectively. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was tested by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Under the chemical hypoxia model established by CoCl2, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA and protein levels was up-regulated. Cell viability was increased and the proportion of S phase was higher. Obtusifolin could reduce cell viability under hypoxic conditions and arrest cells in G1 phase. Obtusifolin reduced the expression of Cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the hypoxic environment and increased the expression of p53 and p21. The levels of VEGF, VEGFR2 and eNOS proteins and mRNA were significantly increased under hypoxia while Obtusifolin inhibited the increasing. CONCLUSION Obtusifolin can inhibit cell growth under hypoxic conditions and down-regulate HIF-1/VEGF/eNOS secretions in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Wang
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Yan
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya-Lin Li
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Juan Zhang
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Diabetic Eye Disease Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Xia Shang
- Diabetic Eye Disease Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Corneal Disease Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yun-Huan Li
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shan-Yu Li
- Fundus Surgery Ward, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
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Antiangiogenic Effect of Alkaloids. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9475908. [PMID: 31178979 PMCID: PMC6501137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9475908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are among the natural phytochemicals contained in functional foods and nutraceuticals and have been suggested for the prevention and/or management of oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we aimed to describe the effects of alkaloids in angiogenesis, the process playing a crucial role in tumor growth and invasion, whereby new vessels form. Antiangiogenic compounds including herbal ingredients, nonherbal alkaloids, and microRNAs can be used for the control and treatment of cancers. Several lines of evidence indicate that alkaloid-rich plants have several interesting features that effectively inhibit angiogenesis. In this review, we present valuable data on commonly used alkaloid substances as potential angiogenic inhibitors. Different herbal and nonherbal ingredients, introduced as antiangiogenesis agents, and their role in angiogenesis-dependent diseases are reviewed. Studies indicate that angiogenesis suppression is exerted through several mechanisms; however, further investigations are required to elucidate their precise molecular and cellular mechanisms, as well as potential side effects.
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Algaidi SA, Eldomiaty MA, Elbastwisy YM, Almasry SM, Desouky MK, Elnaggar AM. Effect of voluntary running on expression of myokines in brains of rats with depression. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419833533. [PMID: 30834799 PMCID: PMC6407323 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419833533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the histopathology and immunoexpression of exercise-derived myokines in dentate gyrus (DG), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cerebellum of depressed Wistar rats during depression and after practising voluntary running. Depression was developed by forced swimming for 2 weeks. Voluntary running was performed by voluntary running for 3 weeks. Brain sections were processed and immunostained to detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). ImageJ software was used to measure the optical density (OD). BDNF was expressed in neurons in DG, mPFC and granular and Purkinje cells in cerebellum. MIF was expressed in neurons of sub-granular zone in DG, mPFC and Purkinje cells. VEGF was expressed in many neurons in DG, mPFC and Purkinje cells. IL-6 was expressed in some neurons in DG, in neuropil of mPFC and in Purkinje cells. In depression, the OD of studied myokines significantly decreased in all examined areas. After voluntary running, the OD of myokines significantly increased in all areas. This study defines the immunohistochemical expression of myokines in brain areas in depression and after voluntary running and reveals the involvement of the mPFC and cerebellum in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A Algaidi
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda A Eldomiaty
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia.,2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Elbastwisy
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia.,3 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaima M Almasry
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia.,3 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha K Desouky
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, Saudi Arabia.,4 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Gorski T, De Bock K. Metabolic regulation of exercise-induced angiogenesis. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:H1-H8. [PMID: 32923947 PMCID: PMC7439921 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle relies on an ingenious network of blood vessels, which ensures optimal oxygen and nutrient supply. An increase in muscle vascularization is an early adaptive event to exercise training, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced blood vessel formation are not completely clear. In this review, we provide a concise overview on how exercise-induced alterations in muscle metabolism can evoke metabolic changes in endothelial cells (ECs) that drive muscle angiogenesis. In skeletal muscle, angiogenesis can occur via sprouting and splitting angiogenesis and is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. In the resting muscle, VEGF levels are controlled by the estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ). Upon exercise, the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) orchestrates several adaptations to endurance exercise within muscle fibers and simultaneously promotes transcriptional activation of Vegf expression and increased muscle capillary density. While ECs are highly glycolytic and change their metabolism during sprouting angiogenesis in development and disease, a similar role for EC metabolism in exercise-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle remains to be elucidated. Nonetheless, recent studies have illustrated the importance of endothelial hydrogen sulfide and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity for exercise-induced angiogenesis, suggesting that EC metabolic reprogramming may be fundamental in this process. We hypothesize that the exercise-induced angiogenic response can also be modulated by metabolic crosstalk between muscle and the endothelium. Defining the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for skeletal muscle angiogenesis in response to exercise will yield valuable insight into metabolic regulation as well as the determinants of exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Gorski
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Villareal MO, Matsukawa T, Isoda H. l-Citrulline Supplementation-Increased Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α Expression Is Associated with Exercise Performance and Increased Skeletal Muscle Weight. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701043. [PMID: 29797700 PMCID: PMC6099278 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE l-citrulline has recently been reported as a more effective supplement for promoting intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production compared to l-arginine. Here, the effect of l-citrulline on skeletal muscle and its influence on exercise performance were investigated. The underlying mechanism of its effect, specifically on the expression of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), was also elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Six-week-old ICR mice were orally supplemented with l-citrulline (250 mg kg-1 ) daily, and their performance in weight-loaded swimming exercise every other day for 15 days, was evaluated. In addition, mice muscles were weighed and evaluated for the expression of PGC-1α and PGC-1α-regulated genes. Mice orally supplemented with l-citrulline had significantly higher gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscle mass. Although not statistically significant, l-citrulline prolonged the swimming time to exhaustion. PGC-1α upregulation was associated with vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGFα) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) upregulation. VEGFα and IGF-1 are important for angiogenesis and muscle growth, respectively, and are regulated by PGC-1α. Treatment with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, suppressed the l-citrulline-induced PGC-1α upregulation in vitro. CONCLUSION Supplementation with l-citrulline upregulates skeletal muscle PGC-1α levels resulting in higher skeletal muscle weight that improves time to exhaustion during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra O. Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba City305‐8572Japan
- Alliance for Research on Mediterranean and North AfricaUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba City305‐8572Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba City305‐8572Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba City305‐8572Japan
- Alliance for Research on Mediterranean and North AfricaUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba City305‐8572Japan
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Mammoto A, Muyleart M, Kadlec A, Gutterman D, Mammoto T. YAP1-TEAD1 signaling controls angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1α. Microvasc Res 2018; 119:73-83. [PMID: 29680477 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contribute to key processes of cellular function, while mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, in which angiogenesis - the formation of new blood capillaries - is dysregulated. The Hippo signaling transducer, Yes-associated protein (YAP1) binds to the TEA domain (TEAD1) transcription factor and controls angiogenesis. YAP1 also regulates glucose metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1α), a major player controlling mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the role of YAP1-TEAD1-PGC1α signaling in mitochondrial structure, cellular metabolism, and angiogenesis in endothelial cells (ECs) remains unclear. We now find that knockdown of TEAD1 decreases the expression of PGC1α and suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis, and oxygen consumption in ECs. A YAP1 mutant construct, YAP1S127A, which stimulates binding of YAP1 to TEAD1, upregulates the expression of PGC1α, induces mitochondrial biogenesis, and increases oxygen consumption and glycolytic flux in ECs; in contrast, YAP1S94A, which fails to bind to TEAD1, attenuates these effects. PGC1α knockdown inhibits YAP1S127A-induced EC sprouting in vitro and vascular morphogenesis in the fibrin gel subcutaneously implanted on mice, while overexpression of PGC1α reverses vascular morphogenesis suppressed by YAP1S94A. These results suggest that YAP1-TEAD1 signaling induces mitochondrial biogenesis in ECs and stimulates angiogenesis through PGC1α. Modulation of YAP1-TEAD1-PGC1α signaling in ECs may provide a novel intervention for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Megan Muyleart
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Andrew Kadlec
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David Gutterman
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Cell-Specific Deletion of PGC-1α from Medium Spiny Neurons Causes Transcriptional Alterations and Age-Related Motor Impairment. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3273-3286. [PMID: 29491012 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0848-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that a reduction in the expression and function of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is associated with neurodegeneration in diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD). Polymorphisms in the PGC-1α gene modify HD progression and PGC-1α expression is reduced in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of HD patients and mouse models. However, neither the MSN-specific function of PGC-1α nor the contribution of PGC-1α deficiency to motor dysfunction is known. We identified novel, PGC-1α-dependent transcripts involved in RNA processing, signal transduction, and neuronal morphology and confirmed reductions in these transcripts in male and female mice lacking PGC-1α specifically in MSNs, indicating a cell-autonomous effect in this population. MSN-specific PGC-1α deletion caused reductions in previously identified neuronal and metabolic PGC-1α-dependent genes without causing striatal vacuolizations. Interestingly, these mice exhibited a hypoactivity with age, similar to several HD animal models. However, these newly identified PGC-1α-dependent genes were upregulated with disease severity and age in knock-in HD mouse models independent of changes in PGC-1α transcript, contrary to what would be predicted from a loss-of-function etiological mechanism. These data indicate that PGC-1α is necessary for MSN transcriptional homeostasis and function with age and that, whereas PGC-1α loss in MSNs does not replicate an HD-like phenocopy, its downstream genes are altered in a repeat-length and age-dependent fashion. Understanding the additive effects of PGC-1α gene functional variation and mutant huntingtin on transcription in this cell type may provide insight into the selective vulnerability of MSNs in HD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated transcription have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). We show that, although PGC-1α-dependent transcription is necessary to maintain medium spiny neuron (MSN) function with age, its loss is insufficient to cause striatal atrophy in mice. We also highlight a set of genes that can serve as proxies for PGC-1α functional activity in the striatum for target engagement studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PGC-1α-dependent genes are upregulated in a dose- and age-dependent fashion in HD mouse models, contrary to what would be predicted from a loss-of-function etiological mechanism. However, given this role for PGC-1α in MSN transcriptional homeostasis, it is important to consider how genetic variation in PGC-1α could contribute to mutant-huntingtin-induced cell death and disease progression.
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Chang JS, Jun HJ, Park M. Transcriptional coactivator NT-PGC-1α promotes gluconeogenic gene expression and enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/20/e13013. [PMID: 27798359 PMCID: PMC5099968 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator PGC‐1α plays a central role in hepatic gluconeogenesis. We previously reported that alternative splicing of the PGC‐1α gene produces an additional transcript encoding the truncated protein NT‐PGC‐1α. NT‐PGC‐1α is co‐expressed with PGC‐1α and highly induced by fasting in the liver. NT‐PGC‐1α regulates tissue‐specific metabolism, but its role in the liver has not been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the role of hepatic NT‐PGC‐1α in the regulation of gluconeogenesis. Adenovirus‐mediated expression of NT‐PGC‐1α in primary hepatocytes strongly stimulated the expression of key gluconeogenic enzyme genes (PEPCK and G6Pase), leading to increased glucose production. To further understand NT‐PGC‐1α function in hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo, we took advantage of a previously reported FL‐PGC‐1α−/− mouse line that lacks full‐length PGC‐1α (FL‐PGC‐1α) but retains a slightly shorter and functionally equivalent form of NT‐PGC‐1α (NT‐PGC‐1α254). In FL‐PGC‐1α−/− mice, NT‐PGC‐1α254 was induced by fasting in the liver and recruited to the promoters of PEPCK and G6Pase genes. The enrichment of NT‐PGC‐1α254 at the promoters was closely associated with fasting‐induced increase in PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression and efficient production of glucose from pyruvate during a pyruvate tolerance test in FL‐PGC‐1α−/− mice. Moreover, FL‐PGC‐1α−/− primary hepatocytes showed a significant increase in gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production after treatment with dexamethasone and forskolin, suggesting that NT‐PGC‐1α254 is sufficient to stimulate the gluconeogenic program in the absence of FL‐PGC‐1α. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of hepatic NT‐PGC‐1α in stimulating gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Hee-Jin Jun
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Minsung Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Conceição MS, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Telles GD, Libardi CA, Júnior EMM, Vechin FC, DE Andrade ALL, Gáspari AF, Brum PC, Cavaglieri CR, Serag S, Spiegelman BM, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Attenuated PGC-1α Isoforms following Endurance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1699-707. [PMID: 27128665 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise performed with blood flow restriction simultaneously enhances the acute responses to both myogenic and mitochondrial pathways with roles in training adaptation. We investigated isoform-specific gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 and selected target genes and proteins regulating skeletal muscle training adaptation. METHODS Nine healthy, untrained males participated in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design in which each subject completed a bout of low-intensity endurance exercise performed with blood flow restriction (15 min cycling at 40% of V˙O2peak, BFR-EE), endurance exercise (30 min cycling at 70% of V˙O2peak, EE), or resistance exercise (4 × 10 repetitions of leg press at 70% of one-repetition maximum) separated by at least 1 wk of recovery. A single resting muscle biopsy (vastus lateralis) was obtained 2 wk before the first exercise trial (rest) and 3 h after each bout. RESULTS Total PGC-1α mRNA abundance, along with all four isoforms, increased above rest with EE only (P < 0.05) being higher than BFR-EE (P < 0.05). PGC-1α1, 2, and 4 were higher after EE compared with resistance exercise (P < 0.05). EE also increased vascular endothelial growth factor, Hif-1α, and MuRF-1 mRNA abundance above rest (P < 0.05), whereas COXIV mRNA expression increased with EE compared with BFR-EE (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The attenuated expression of all four PGC-1α isoforms when EE is performed with blood flow restriction suggests this type of exercise provides an insufficient stimulus to activate the signaling pathways governing mitochondrial and angiogenesis responses observed with moderate- to high-intensity EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Soares Conceição
- 1Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, BRAZIL; 2Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, BRAZIL; 3School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL; 4Department of Cell Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 5Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; and 6Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, UNITED KINGDOM
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Yang P, Elhalawani H, Shi Y, Tang Y, Han Y, Zhao Y, Lou F, Jin H. A large-scale retrospective study of the overall survival outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with hypertension in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75577-75586. [PMID: 29088892 PMCID: PMC5650447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that hypertension is associated with high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression which is, in turn, highly connected to the prognosis of a wide array of cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypertension and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with definitive radiotherapy in a Chinese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 4493 patients with NPC who received definitive radiotherapy from 1995 to 2006, with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were utilized to determine the association between hypertension and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 802 patients with NPC suffered from hypertension as compared to 3691 patients with no associated hypertension. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed median overall survival of 101.1 and 110.0 months, respectively (p<0.05). In univariate survival analysis, patients with hypertension had worse OS (p<0.05) than non-hypertension patients. Patients with higher grade hypertension also had worse OS (p<0.05) compare to patients with grade 1 hypertension. In multivariate survival analysis, patients with hypertension had significantly worse OS (p<0.05) than non-hypertension patients, as well as M stage (p<0.001), after adjustment for related clinical confounding factors. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that hypertension is an independent factor and result in poorer survival outcomes in patients with NPC, the mechanism is still unclear, and it worth further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham Elhalawani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The Jishou Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Jishou, Hunan, China.,Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Lou
- Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hekun Jin
- Department of Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Maintains Blood Flow, Mitochondrial Function, and Redox Balance in Old Mice Following Prolonged Limb Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091897. [PMID: 28869535 PMCID: PMC5618546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major factor in the decline of limb blood flow with ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) with regard to limb perfusion recovery in aging during ischemia. We performed femoral artery ligation in young and old mice with or without treatment with a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, MitoTEMPO (180 μg/kg/day, from pre-operative day 7 to post-operative day (POD) 21) infusion using an implanted mini-pump. The recoveries of cutaneous blood flow in the ischemic hind limb were lower in old mice than in young mice but were improved in MitoTEMPO-treated old mice. Mitochondrial DNA damage appeared in ischemic aged muscles but was eliminated by MitoTEMPO treatment. For POD 2, MitoTEMPO treatment suppressed the expression of p53 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and upregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemic aged skeletal muscles. For POD 21, MitoTEMPO treatment preserved the expression of PGC-1α in ischemic aged skeletal muscle. The ischemic soleus of old mice showed a lower mitochondrial respiratory control ratio in POD 21 compared to young mice, which was recovered in MitoTEMPO-treated old mice. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide attenuated mitochondrial DNA damage and preserved the mitochondrial respiration, in addition to suppression of the expression of p53 and preservation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in ischemic skeletal muscles with aging. Resolution of excessive mitochondrial superoxide could be an effective therapy to recover blood flow of skeletal muscle during ischemia in senescence.
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Ribosomal transcription is regulated by PGC-1alpha and disturbed in Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8513. [PMID: 28819135 PMCID: PMC5561056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a versatile inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis and responsive to the changing energy demands of the cell. As mitochondrial ATP production requires proteins that derive from translation products of cytosolic ribosomes, we asked whether PGC-1α directly takes part in ribosomal biogenesis. Here, we show that a fraction of cellular PGC-1α localizes to the nucleolus, the site of ribosomal transcription by RNA polymerase I. Upon activation PGC-1α associates with the ribosomal DNA and boosts recruitment of RNA polymerase I and UBF to the rDNA promoter. This induces RNA polymerase I transcription under different stress conditions in cell culture and mouse models as well as in healthy humans and is impaired already in early stages of human Huntington’s disease. This novel molecular link between ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis helps to explain sarcopenia and cachexia in diseases of neurodegenerative origin.
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Kitrou P, Karnabatidis D, Brountzos E, Katsanos K, Reppas L, Spiliopoulos S. Gene-based therapies in patients with critical limb ischemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:449-456. [PMID: 28133976 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1289170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) constitutes a life-limiting and life-threatening disease. Revascularization, either endovascular or surgical, remains the best treatment option accompanied by medication and risk factor modification. Patients unable to undergo revascularization, referred as 'no-option patients', have been the center of interest the last few years, subjected to treatment therapies based on proteins (mainly growth factors) involved in angiogenesis via gene delivery to the ischemic tissue. Areas covered: This review focuses on these growth factors, gives an update of the studies available, discusses the possible problems that influence outcomes and describes future perspectives including possible new technologies that will improve them. Additionally, the authors attempt to place therapeutic angiogenesis to the bigger frame of tailored therapy in CLI. Expert opinion: Although encouraging in the beginning, growth factor therapy results have been equivocal and inconclusive. And while it would be misleading to approach gene therapy as panacea, its effect on the micro-circulatory level activating angiogenesis and arteriogenesis could act as an important adjunct in personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kitrou
- a Department of Interventional Radiology , Patras University Hospital , Rio , Greece
| | - Dimitris Karnabatidis
- a Department of Interventional Radiology , Patras University Hospital , Rio , Greece
| | - Elias Brountzos
- b 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology , Attikon University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- a Department of Interventional Radiology , Patras University Hospital , Rio , Greece
| | - Lazaros Reppas
- b 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology , Attikon University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Stavros Spiliopoulos
- b 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology , Attikon University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Dieli-Conwright CM, Kiwata JL, Tuzon CT, Spektor TM, Sattler FR, Rice JC, Schroeder ET. Acute Response of PGC-1α and IGF-1 Isoforms to Maximal Eccentric Exercise in Skeletal Muscle of Postmenopausal Women. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:1161-70. [PMID: 26340467 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PGC-1α4, a novel isoform of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, was recently postulated to modulate the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes and therefore regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Resting levels of PGC-1α4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were found to increase in healthy adults after resistance training. However, the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) on PGC-1α4 expression in populations prone to progressive muscle loss, such as postmenopausal women, has not been evaluated. Here, we investigated alterations in mRNA expression of PGC-1α4 and PGC-1α1, a regulator of muscle oxidative changes, in postmenopausal women after high-intensity eccentric RE and analyzed these findings with respect to changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and catabolic gene expression. Nine postmenopausal women (age, 57.9 ± 3.2 years) performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension with 20-second rest periods between sets. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of the exercised leg before and 4 hours after the RE bout with mRNA expression determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. No significant changes in the mRNA expression of either PGC-1α isoform were observed after acute eccentric RE (p > 0.05). IGF-1Ea mRNA expression significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05), whereas IGF-1Eb and mechano-growth factor (MGF) did not significantly change (p > 0.05). PGC-1α4 mRNA expression was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the catabolic gene myostatin (R = -0.88, p < 0.01), whereas MGF mRNA expression was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the catabolic gene FOXO3A (R = -0.81, p ≤ 0.05). These data demonstrate an attenuated response of PGC-1α isoforms to an acute bout of maximal eccentric exercise with short rest periods in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- 1Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 2Clinical Exercise Research Center, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 4Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and 5Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Martínez-Redondo V, Jannig PR, Correia JC, Ferreira DMS, Cervenka I, Lindvall JM, Sinha I, Izadi M, Pettersson-Klein AT, Agudelo LZ, Gimenez-Cassina A, Brum PC, Dahlman-Wright K, Ruas JL. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 α Isoforms Selectively Regulate Multiple Splicing Events on Target Genes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15169-84. [PMID: 27231350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance and resistance exercise training induces specific and profound changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) coactivators are not only among the genes differentially induced by distinct training methods, but they also participate in the ensuing signaling cascades that allow skeletal muscle to adapt to each type of exercise. Although endurance training preferentially induces PGC-1α1 expression, resistance exercise activates the expression of PGC-1α2, -α3, and -α4. These three alternative PGC-1α isoforms lack the arginine/serine-rich (RS) and RNA recognition motifs characteristic of PGC-1α1. Discrete functions for PGC-1α1 and -α4 have been described, but the biological role of PGC-1α2 and -α3 remains elusive. Here we show that different PGC-1α variants can affect target gene splicing through diverse mechanisms, including alternative promoter usage. By analyzing the exon structure of the target transcripts for each PGC-1α isoform, we were able to identify a large number of previously unknown PGC-1α2 and -α3 target genes and pathways in skeletal muscle. In particular, PGC-1α2 seems to mediate a decrease in the levels of cholesterol synthesis genes. Our results suggest that the conservation of the N-terminal activation and repression domains (and not the RS/RNA recognition motif) is what determines the gene programs and splicing options modulated by each PGC-1α isoform. By using skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mice for PGC-1α1 and -α4, we could validate, in vivo, splicing events observed in in vitro studies. These results show that alternative PGC-1α variants can affect target gene expression both quantitatively and qualitatively and identify novel biological pathways under the control of this system of coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martínez-Redondo
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 05508-030 São Paulo, Brazil, and
| | - Jorge C Correia
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Igor Cervenka
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Jessica M Lindvall
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manizheh Izadi
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Amanda T Pettersson-Klein
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Leandro Z Agudelo
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
| | - Alfredo Gimenez-Cassina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 05508-030 São Paulo, Brazil, and
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Unit and
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42
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Shin J, Nunomiya A, Kitajima Y, Dan T, Miyata T, Nagatomi R. Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 deficiency promotes skeletal muscle fiber-type transition via a calcineurin/NFATc1-dependent pathway. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 26949511 PMCID: PMC4779261 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia exposure is known to induce an alteration in skeletal muscle fiber-type distribution mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α. The downstream pathway of HIF-α leading to fiber-type shift, however, has not been elucidated. The calcineurin pathway is one of the pathways responsible for slow muscle fiber transition. Because calcineurin pathway is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the factors induced by HIF-1α, we hypothesized that the stabilization of HIF-1α may lead to slow muscle fiber transition via the activation of calcineurin pathway in skeletal muscles. To induce HIF-1α stabilization, we used a loss of function strategy to abrogate Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) 2 responsible for HIF-1α hydroxylation making HIF-1α susceptible to ubiquitin dependent degradation by proteasome. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of HIF-1α stabilization in PHD2 conditional knockout mouse on skeletal muscle fiber-type transition and to elucidate the involvement of calcineurin pathway on muscle fiber-type transition. Results PHD2 deficiency resulted in an increased capillary density in skeletal muscles due to the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor. It also elicited an alteration of skeletal muscle phenotype toward the type I fibers in both of the soleus (35.8 % in the control mice vs. 46.7 % in the PHD2-deficient mice, p < 0.01) and the gastrocnemius muscle (0.94 vs. 1.89 %, p < 0.01), and the increased proportion of type I fibers appeared to correspond to the area of increased capillary density. In addition, calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFATc1) protein levels were increased in both the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, suggesting that the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway was responsible for the type I fiber transition regardless of PGC-1α, which responded minimally to PHD2 deficiency. Indeed, we found that tacrolimus (FK-506), a calcineurin inhibitor, successfully suppressed slow fiber-type formation in PHD2-deficient mice. Conclusions Taken together, stabilized HIF-1α induced by PHD2 conditional knockout resulted in the transition of muscle fibers toward a slow fiber type via a calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway. PHD2 conditional knockout mice may serve as a model for chronic HIF-1α stabilization as in mice exposed to low oxygen concentration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0079-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchul Shin
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Aki Nunomiya
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takashi Dan
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan.,Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan.,Center for Sports Medicine and Science, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
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43
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Igarashi J, Okamoto R, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Karita S, Nakai K, Kubota Y, Takata M, Yamaguchi F, Tokuda M, Sakakibara N, Tsukamoto I, Konishi R, Hirano K. A key role of PGC-1α transcriptional coactivator in production of VEGF by a novel angiogenic agent COA-Cl in cultured human fibroblasts. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e12742. [PMID: 27033444 PMCID: PMC4814893 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated a potent angiogenic effect of a newly developed adenosine-like agent namedCOA-Cl.COA-Cl exerted tube forming activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the presence of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). We therefore explored whether and howCOA-Cl modulates gene expression and protein secretion ofVEGF, a master regulator of angiogenesis, inNHDFRT-PCRandELISArevealed thatCOA-Cl upregulatedVEGF mRNAexpression and protein secretion inNHDFHIF1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), a transcription factor, andPGC-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α), a transcriptional coactivator, are known to positively regulate theVEGFgene. Immunoblot andRT-PCRanalyses revealed thatCOA-Cl markedly upregulated the expression ofPGC-1αprotein andmRNACOA-Cl had no effect on the expression ofHIF1αprotein andmRNAin both hypoxia and normoxia. SilencingPGC-1αgene, but notHIF1αgene, by small interferingRNAattenuated the ability ofCOA-Cl to promoteVEGFsecretion. When an N-terminal fragment ofPGC-1αwas cotransfected with its partner transcription factorERRα(estrogen-related receptor-α) inCOS-7 cells,COA-Cl upregulated the expression of the endogenousVEGF mRNA However,COA-Cl had no effect on the expression ofVEGF, whenHIF1αwas transfected.COA-Cl inducesVEGFgene expression and protein secretion in fibroblasts. The transcriptional coactivatorPGC-1α, in concert withERRα, plays a key role in theCOA-Cl-inducedVEGFproduction.COA-Cl-induced activation ofPGC-1α-ERRα-VEGFpathway has a potential as a novel means for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Igarashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Sakiko Karita
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kubota
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Maki Takata
- Department of Pharmaco-Bio-Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Norikazu Sakakibara
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmaco-Bio-Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Ryoji Konishi
- Department of Pharmaco-Bio-Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Japan
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44
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Silvennoinen M, Ahtiainen JP, Hulmi JJ, Pekkala S, Taipale RS, Nindl BC, Laine T, Häkkinen K, Selänne H, Kyröläinen H, Kainulainen H. PGC-1 isoforms and their target genes are expressed differently in human skeletal muscle following resistance and endurance exercise. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/10/e12563. [PMID: 26438733 PMCID: PMC4632948 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the acute gene expression responses of PGC-1 isoforms and PGC-1α target genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome C), angiogenesis (VEGF-A), and muscle hypertrophy (myostatin), after a resistance or endurance exercise bout. In addition, the study aimed to elucidate whether the expression changes of studied transcripts were linked to phosphorylation of AMPK and MAPK p38. Nineteen physically active men were divided into resistance exercise (RE, n = 11) and endurance exercise (EE, n = 8) groups. RE group performed leg press exercise (10 × 10 RM, 50 min) and EE walked on a treadmill (∼80% HRmax, 50 min). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before, 30 min, and 180 min after exercise. EE and RE significantly increased the gene expression of alternative promoter originated PGC-1α exon 1b- and 1bxs’-derived isoforms, whereas the proximal promoter originated exon 1a-derived transcripts were less inducible and were upregulated only after EE. Truncated PGC-1α transcripts were upregulated both after EE and RE. Neither RE nor EE affected the expression of PGC-1β. EE upregulated the expression of cytochrome C and VEGF-A, whereas RE upregulated VEGF-A and downregulated myostatin. Both EE and RE increased the levels of p-AMPK and p-MAPK p38, but these changes were not linked to the gene expression responses of PGC-1 isoforms. The present study comprehensively assayed PGC-1 transcripts in human skeletal muscle and showed exercise mode-specific responses thus improving the understanding of early signaling events in exercise-induced muscle adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Silvennoinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ritva S Taipale
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- The Military Performance Division, The Unites States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Tanja Laine
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Selänne
- Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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45
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Popov DV, Lysenko EA, Vepkhvadze TF, Kurochkina NS, Maknovskii PA, Vinogradova OL. Promoter-specific regulation of PPARGC1A gene expression in human skeletal muscle. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:159-68. [PMID: 26293291 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify unknown transcription start sites of the PPARGC1A (PGC-1α) gene in human skeletal muscle and investigate the promoter-specific regulation of PGC-1α gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Ten amateur endurance-trained athletes performed high- and low-intensity exercise sessions (70 min, 70% or 50% o2max). High-throughput RNA sequencing and exon-exon junction mapping were applied to analyse muscle samples obtained at rest and after exercise. PGC-1α promoter-specific expression and activation of regulators of PGC-1α gene expression (AMPK, p38 MAPK, CaMKII, PKA and CREB1) after exercise were evaluated using qPCR and western blot. Our study has demonstrated that during post-exercise recovery, human skeletal muscle expresses the PGC-1α gene via two promoters only. As previously described, the additional exon 7a that contains a stop codon was found in all samples. Importantly, only minor levels of other splice site variants were found (and not in all samples). Constitutive expression PGC-1α gene occurs via the canonical promoter, independent of exercise intensity and exercise-induced increase of AMPK(Thr172) phosphorylation level. Expression of PGC-1α gene via the alternative promoter is increased of two orders after exercise. This post-exercise expression is highly dependent on the intensity of exercise. There is an apparent association between expression via the alternative promoter and activation of CREB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Lysenko
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Vepkhvadze
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nadia S Kurochkina
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel A Maknovskii
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga L Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76A, Moscow 123007, RussiaFaculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 31-5, Moscow 119192, RussiaDepartment of GeneticsFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
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46
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Martínez-Redondo V, Pettersson AT, Ruas JL. The hitchhiker's guide to PGC-1α isoform structure and biological functions. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1969-77. [PMID: 26109214 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators coordinate physiological adaptations in many tissues, usually in response to demands for higher nutrient and energy supply. Of the founding members of the family, PGC-1α (also known as PPARGC1A) is the most highly regulated gene, using multiple promoters and alternative splicing to produce a growing number of coactivator variants. PGC-1α promoters are selectively active in distinct tissues in response to specific stimuli. To date, more than ten novel PGC-1α isoforms have been reported to be expressed from a novel promoter (PGC-1α-b, PGC-1α-c), to undergo alternative splicing (NT-PGC-1α) or both (PGC-1α2, PGC-1α3, PGC-1α4). The resulting proteins display differential regulation and tissue distribution and, most importantly, exert specific biological functions. In this review we discuss the structural and functional characteristics of the novel PGC-1α isoforms, aiming to provide an integrative view of this constantly expanding system of transcriptional coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martínez-Redondo
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Honda Y, Sakamoto J, Nakano J, Kataoka H, Sasabe R, Goto K, Tanaka M, Origuchi T, Yoshimura T, Okita M. Upregulation of interleukin-1β/transforming growth factor-β1 and hypoxia relate to molecular mechanisms underlying immobilization-induced muscle contracture. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:419-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Honda
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Junya Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Jiro Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Hideki Kataoka
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Ryo Sasabe
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kyo Goto
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Toshiro Yoshimura
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
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48
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Gidlund EK, Ydfors M, Appel S, Rundqvist H, Sundberg CJ, Norrbom J. Rapidly elevated levels of PGC-1α-b protein in human skeletal muscle after exercise: exploring regulatory factors in a randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:374-84. [PMID: 26089547 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01000.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with high skeletal muscle mitochondrial content have a lower risk to acquire cardiovascular and metabolic disease, obesity, and type II diabetes. Regular endurance training increases mitochondrial density through a complex network of transcriptional regulators that in an accumulated way are affected by each single exercise bout. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a single exercise bout on the levels of PGC-1α and related regulatory factors important for the initial phase of skeletal muscle adaptation. Ten men and ten women were randomized to either an exercise group (60 min cycling at a work load corresponding to 70% of peak oxygen uptake) or a nonexercising control group. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before, at 30 min, and at 2, 6, and 24 h after the intervention. Twenty-two mRNA transcripts and five proteins were measured. With exercise, protein levels of PGC-1α-ex1b increased, and this elevation occurred before that of total PGC-1α protein. We also demonstrated the existence and postexercise expression pattern of two LIPIN-1 (LIPIN-1α and LIPIN-1β) and three NCoR1 (NCoR1-1, NCoR1-2, and NCoR1-3) isoforms in human skeletal muscle. The present study contributes new insights into the initial signaling events following a single bout of exercise and emphasizes PGC-1α-ex1b as the most exercise-responsive PGC-1α isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-karin Gidlund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Mia Ydfors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Susanna Appel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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Correia JC, Ferreira DMS, Ruas JL. Intercellular: local and systemic actions of skeletal muscle PGC-1s. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:305-14. [PMID: 25934582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes complex adaptations in skeletal muscle that benefit various aspects of human health. Many of these adaptations are coordinated at the gene expression level by the concerted action of transcriptional regulators. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1 (PGC-1) proteins play a prominent role in skeletal muscle transcriptional reprogramming induced by numerous stimuli. PGC-1s are master coactivators that orchestrate broad gene programs to modulate fuel supply and mitochondrial function, thus improving cellular energy metabolism. Recent studies unveiled novel biological functions for PGC-1s that extend well beyond skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of PGC-1 actions in skeletal muscle, with special focus on their systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Correia
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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50
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Abat F, Valles SL, Gelber PE, Polidori F, Jorda A, García-Herreros S, Monllau JC, Sanchez-Ibáñez JM. An experimental study of muscular injury repair in a mouse model of notexin-induced lesion with EPI® technique. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2015; 7:7. [PMID: 25897404 PMCID: PMC4403980 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-015-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of muscle injury repair after EPI® technique, a treatment based on electrical stimulation, have not been described. This study determines whether EPI® therapy could improve muscle damage. METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into a control group, Notexin group (7 and 14 days) and a Notexin + EPI group. To induce muscle injury, Notexin was injected in the quadriceps of the left extremity of rats. Pro-inflammatory interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by ELISA. The expression of receptor peroxisome gamma proliferator activator (PPAR-gamma), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGF-R1) were determined by western-blot. RESULTS The plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in Notexin-injured rats showed a significant increase compared with the control group. EPI® produced a return of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta values to control levels. PPAR-gamma expression diminished injured quadriceps muscle in rats. EPI® increased PPAR-gamma, VEGF and VEGF-R1 expressions. EPI® decreased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and increased anti-inflammatory PPAR-gamma and proangiogenic factors as well as VEGF and VEGF-R1 expressions. CONCLUSION The EPI® technique may affect inflammatory mediators in damaged muscle tissue and influences the new vascularization of the injured area. These results suggest that EPI® might represent a useful new therapy for the treatment of muscle injuries. Although our study in rats may represent a valid approach to evaluate EPI® treatment, studies designed to determine how the EPI® treatment may affect recovery of injury in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Abat
- Department of Sports Orthopedics, ReSport Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya-L Valles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo-Eduardo Gelber
- Catalan Institut of Traumatology and Sports Medicine (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, University Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Polidori
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Cerede Sports Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Jorda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joan-Carles Monllau
- Catalan Institut of Traumatology and Sports Medicine (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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