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Navid F, Gill T, Fones L, Allbritton-King JD, Zhou K, Shen I, Van Doorn J, LiCausi F, Cougnoux A, Randazzo D, Brooks SR, Colbert RA. CHOP-mediated IL-23 overexpression does not drive colitis in experimental spondyloarthritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12293. [PMID: 38811719 PMCID: PMC11137091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
HLA-B27 is a major risk factor for spondyloarthritis (SpA), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. HLA-B27 misfolding-induced IL-23, which is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been hypothesized to drive SpA pathogenesis. Expression of HLA-B27 and human β2m (hβ2m) in rats (HLA-B27-Tg) recapitulates key SpA features including gut inflammation. Here we determined whether deleting the transcription factor CHOP (Ddit3-/-), which mediates ER-stress induced IL-23, affects gut inflammation in HLA-B27-Tg animals. ER stress-mediated Il23a overexpression was abolished in CHOP-deficient macrophages. Although CHOP-deficiency also reduced Il23a expression in immune cells isolated from the colon of B27+ rats, Il17a levels were not affected, and gut inflammation was not reduced. Rather, transcriptome analysis revealed increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including Il1a, Ifng and Tnf in HLA-B27-Tg colon tissue in the absence of CHOP, which was accompanied by higher histological Z-scores. RNAScope localized Il17a mRNA to the lamina propria of the HLA-B27-Tg rats and revealed similar co-localization with Cd3e (CD3) in the presence and absence of CHOP. This demonstrates that CHOP-deficiency does not improve, but rather exacerbates gut inflammation in HLA-B27-Tg rats, indicating that HLA-B27 is not promoting gut disease through ER stress-induced IL-23. Hence, CHOP may protect rats from more severe HLA-B27-induced gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Navid
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tejpal Gill
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lilah Fones
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Kelly Zhou
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Isabel Shen
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinny Van Doorn
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Francesca LiCausi
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Colbert
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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2
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de Boer RJ, van Lidth de Jeude JF, Heijmans J. ER stress and the unfolded protein response in gastrointestinal stem cells and carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216678. [PMID: 38360143 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the adaptive response that follows, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), are crucial molecular mechanisms to maintain cellular integrity by safeguarding proper protein synthesis. Next to being important in protein homeostasis, the UPR is intricate in cell fate decisions such as proliferation, differentiation, and stemness. In the intestine, stem cells are critical in governing epithelial homeostasis and they are the cell of origin of gastrointestinal malignancies. In this review, we will discuss the role of ER stress and the UPR in the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on stem cells and carcinogenesis. Insights in mechanisms that connect ER stress and UPR with stemness and carcinogenesis may broaden our understanding in the development of cancer throughout the gastrointestinal tract and how we can exploit these mechanisms to target these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 69-71, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jooske F van Lidth de Jeude
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 69-71, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarom Heijmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 69-71, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of General Internal Medicine and Department of Hematology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Salehi M, Kamali MJ, Arab D, Safaeian N, Ashuori Z, Maddahi M, Latifi N, Jahromi AM. Exosomal microRNAs in regulation of tumor cells resistance to apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101644. [PMID: 38298209 PMCID: PMC10827597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle that contains bioactive molecules that can be secreted by most cells. Nevertheless, the content of these cells differs depending on the cell from which they originate. The exosome plays a crucial role in modulating intercellular communication by conveying molecular messages to neighboring or distant cells. Cancer-derived exosomes can transfer several types of molecules into the tumor microenvironment, including high levels of microRNA (miRNA). These miRNAs significantly affect cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) are crucial to regulating cancer resistance to apoptosis. In cancer cells, exomiRs orchestrate communication channels between them and their surrounding microenvironment, modulating gene expression and controlling apoptosis signaling pathways. This review presents an outline of present-day knowledge of the mechanisms that affect target cells and drive cancer resistance to apoptosis. Also, our study looks at the regulatory role of exomiRs in mediating intercellular communication between tumor cells and surrounding microenvironmental cells, specifically stromal and immune cells, to evade therapy-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Daniyal Arab
- Department of Human Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghme Safaeian
- Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ashuori
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Moein Maddahi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narges Latifi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Moein Jahromi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang F, Chen M, Liu X, Ji X, Li S, Jin E. New insights into the unfolded protein response (UPR)-anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) pathway in the regulation of intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:225-232. [PMID: 38033605 PMCID: PMC10685161 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustained dysfunction of the intestinal barrier caused by early weaning is a major factor that induces postweaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. In both healthy and diseased states, the intestinal barrier is regulated by goblet cells. Alterations in the characteristics of goblet cells are linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory conditions during pathogenic infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in maintaining intestinal barrier function and how modifications to these systems affect mucus barrier characteristics and goblet cell dysregulation. We highlight a novel mechanism underlying the UPR-AGR2 pathway, which affects goblet cell differentiation and maturation and the synthesis and secretion of mucin by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor and mucin 2. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the regulation of intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
| | - Mengxian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
| | - Erhui Jin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
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5
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Fu Z, Zhao PY, Yang XP, Li H, Hu SD, Xu YX, Du XH. Cannabidiol regulates apoptosis and autophagy in inflammation and cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1094020. [PMID: 36755953 PMCID: PMC9899821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a terpenoid naturally found in plants. The purified compound is used in the treatment of mental disorders because of its antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiepileptic effects. CBD can affect the regulation of several pathophysiologic processes, including autophagy, cytokine secretion, apoptosis, and innate and adaptive immune responses. However, several authors have reported contradictory findings concerning the magnitude and direction of CBD-mediated effects. For example, CBD treatment can increase, decrease, or have no significant effect on autophagy and apoptosis. These variable results can be attributed to the differences in the biological models, cell types, and CBD concentration used in these studies. This review focuses on the mechanism of regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in inflammatory response and cancer by CBD. Further, we broadly elaborated on the prospects of using CBD as an anti-inflammatory agent and in cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Fu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Dong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Hui Du,
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Gao H, He C, Hua R, Guo Y, Wang B, Liang C, Gao L, Shang H, Xu JD. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Gut Enterocyte and Intestinal Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:817392. [PMID: 35402506 PMCID: PMC8988245 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.817392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a vast reticular membranous network from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane responsible for the synthesis, maturation, and trafficking of a wide range of proteins, is considerably sensitive to changes in its luminal homeostasis. The loss of ER luminal homeostasis leads to abnormalities referred to as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the cell activates an adaptive response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), a mechanism to stabilize ER homeostasis under severe environmental conditions. ER stress has recently been postulated as a disease research breakthrough due to its significant role in multiple vital cellular functions. This has caused numerous reports that ER stress-induced cell dysfunction has been implicated as an essential contributor to the occurrence and development of many diseases, resulting in them targeting the relief of ER stress. This review aims to outline the multiple molecular mechanisms of ER stress that can elucidate ER as an expansive, membrane-enclosed organelle playing a crucial role in numerous cellular functions with evident changes of several cells encountering ER stress. Alongside, we mainly focused on the therapeutic potential of ER stress inhibition in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. To conclude, we reviewed advanced research and highlighted future treatment strategies of ER stress-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Dong Xu,
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colonic Mucosa of Ulcerative Colitis Patients Is Mediated by PERK and IRE1 Pathway Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6049500. [PMID: 35185383 PMCID: PMC8849912 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6049500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a chronic overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. During an acute phase, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is overloaded and the protein folding process is impaired, a condition named ER stress. This state induces a response (unfolded protein response (UPR)), initiated by the activation of IRE1/Xbp-1, PERK/eIF2α, and ATF6 pathways, which has previously been linked to intestinal inflammation in experimental models. ER stress and UPR activation trigger the activation of proinflammatory, autophagy, and apoptosis genes, in addition to promoting protein degradation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the activation of ER stress and UPR in colonic mucosa of UC patients. Patient and Methods. Transcriptional analysis of ER stress- and UPR-related genes was performed by qPCR from intestinal mucosa of patients with UC. We also performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHQ) of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1/Xbp-1 pathways and UPR-related chaperones. Results. We first evaluated inflammatory genes via qPCR, and we observed that all analyzed proinflammatory transcripts were upregulated in UC patients. ISH and IHQ images showed that ER stress is activated via PERK/eIF2α and IRE1/Xbp-1 pathways not only in intestinal epithelial cells but also in cells of the lamina propria of UC colonic mucosa. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that EIF2AK3 was upregulated in UC patients. UPR-related genes, such as ATF3, STC2, and DDIT3, along with the chaperones and cochaperones DNAJC3, CALR, HSP90B1, and HSPA5, were also upregulated in UC patients. In addition, we observed that proapoptotic and autophagy genes (Bax and ATG6L1, respectively) were also upregulated. Conclusion. Our results suggest that ER stress and UPR are indeed activated in UC patients and this may contribute to the chronic inflammatory process seen in UC. The increased apoptosis and autophagy markers further support the activation of these findings once they are activated to counterbalance tissue damage. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that maintain UC activity and open new possibilities to attenuate intestinal inflammation.
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Curcumin Improves Epithelial Barrier Integrity of Caco-2 Monolayers by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Subsequent Apoptosis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:5570796. [PMID: 34659400 PMCID: PMC8514927 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol and is supposed to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiapoptotic properties. Although some studies have reported the therapeutic effects of curcumin on ulcerative colitis (UC), the specific mechanism remains unclear. An in vitro coculture model of Caco-2 and differentiated THP-1 cells was established. After administration of curcumin (10 μM), Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins zonula occludens- (ZO-) 1 and claudin-1. Annexin V-APC/7-AAD assays and flow cytometry were conducted to assess Caco-2 cell apoptosis. The expression levels of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related molecules were determined by Western blot analysis. Curcumin administration significantly upregulated ZO-1 and claudin-1 protein levels and reduced Caco-2 cell apoptosis. The protein levels of oxidative stress markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and γH2AX and ERS-induced apoptosis-related molecules C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase-12 were significantly downregulated upon curcumin treatment. Furthermore, curcumin administration greatly blocked the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase- (PERK-) eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α- (eIF2α-) activating transcription factor 4- (ATF4-) CHOP signaling pathway. Curcumin enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in the in vitro coculture model by upregulating TJ protein expressions and reducing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. The potential mechanisms may be suppression of ERS and subsequent apoptosis.
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Qiao D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Chen Y, Tang Y, Sun X, Tang Z, Dai Y. Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697360. [PMID: 34588980 PMCID: PMC8473789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammation that mainly affects the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and colon. Numerous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced autophagy plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of UC. ERS is the imbalance of internal balance caused by misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).Excessive ERS triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), an increase in inositol-requiring enzyme 1, and a Ca2+ overload, which activates the autophagy pathway. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved method of cellular self-degradation. Dysregulated autophagy causes inflammation, disruption of the intestinal barrier, and imbalance of intestinal homeostasis, therefore increasing the risk of colonic diseases. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ERS, UPR, and ERS-related autophagy in UC, providing potential new targets and more effective treatment options for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjue Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai PuTuo District People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yancheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ranjan K, Hedl M, Sinha S, Zhang X, Abraham C. Ubiquitination of ATF6 by disease-associated RNF186 promotes the innate receptor-induced unfolded protein response. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145472. [PMID: 34623328 DOI: 10.1172/jci145472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly balancing microbial responses by the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for intestinal immune homeostasis. Ring finger protein 186 (RNF186) genetic variants are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, functions for the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF186 are incompletely defined. We found that upon stimulation of the PRR nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) in human macrophages, RNF186 localized to the ER, formed a complex with ER stress sensors, ubiquitinated the ER stress sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and promoted the unfolded protein response (UPR). These events, in turn, led to downstream signaling, cytokine secretion, and antimicrobial pathway induction. Importantly, RNF186-mediated ubiquitination of K152 on ATF6 was required for these outcomes, highlighting a key role for ATF6 ubiquitination in PRR-initiated functions. Human macrophages transfected with the rare RNF186-A64T IBD risk variant and macrophages from common rs6426833 RNF186 IBD risk carriers demonstrated reduced NOD2-induced outcomes, which were restored by rescuing UPR signaling. Mice deficient in RNF186 or ATF6 demonstrated a reduced UPR in colonic tissues, increased weight loss, and less effective clearance of bacteria with dextran sodium sulfate-induced injury and upon oral challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium. Therefore, we identified that RNF186 was required for PRR-induced, UPR-associated signaling leading to key macrophage functions; defined that RNF186-mediated ubiquitination of ATF6 was essential for these functions; and elucidated how RNF186 IBD risk variants modulated these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Saloni Sinha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
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Zhang B, Su X, Xie Z, Ding H, Wang T, Xie R, Wen Z. Inositol-Requiring Kinase 1 Regulates Apoptosis via Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colitis Epithelial Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3015-3025. [PMID: 33043405 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been studied as critical factor during occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the role of ERS in inflamed UC remains unclear. AIMS The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE-1), a major regulator of ER, in regulating ERS and cell viability. METHODS In UC mucosa tissue, IRE-1, BiP, XBP-1s, CHOP caspase-12 and GADD34 mRNA were assayed by qRT-PCR. Then, human normal colon epithelial cell line (NCM-460) and colon fibroblast cell line (CCD-33Co) were cultured, and downregulated or upregulated IRE-1 expression. ERS was induced with 100 ng/mL of Interleukin 6 (IL-6). CCK8 assay was performed to analyze cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to detect the apoptosis. Western blot assay was used to examine ERS markers. RESULTS IRE-1, BiP, XBP-1s, caspase-12 and CHOP mRNA were highly expressed in UC mucosa tissue, and the expression of GADD34 mRNA significantly decreased. These results show that ERS-induced unfolded protein response was enhanced in UC mucosa tissue. In cells, silencing the expression of IRE-1 could suppress cell proliferation and promote apoptosis through activating unfolded protein response, while the over-expression of IRE-1 had the opposite effect. IL-6 could induce ERS and cells apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that shRNA IRE-1 could enhance the inhibition of IL-6 on cells viability. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of IRE-1 enhanced unfolded protein response and cells apoptosis and IL-6-induced ERS and suggested that IRE-1 might be a potential target of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoYan Su
- The Department of Pathology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhengYuan Xie
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ding
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - RuYi Xie
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiLi Wen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Fang T, Yao Y, Tian G, Chen D, Wu A, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Yan H, Yu B. Chitosan oligosaccharide attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated intestinal apoptosis via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8647-8658. [PMID: 34346452 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis are widely considered as essential factors associated with intestinal disorders, whereas nutritional therapeutic approaches targeting ERS may control disease activity. Thus, we focus on the potential benefit of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on repressing ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis. In this study, we used the ERS model with tunicamycin (TM)-induced IPEC-J2 cells in vitro and nutrient deprivation-induced ERS in piglets to evaluate the protective mechanism of COS against ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis. The results showed that cells were characterized by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and increased epithelial apoptosis upon exposure to TM. However, these changes were significantly attenuated by COS and the expressions of Akt and mTORC1 were inhibited. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of mTOR confirmed the suppression of Akt and reduced the activation of the UPR and apoptosis. In vivo, COS protected against nutrient deprivation-induced ERS in the jejunum of piglets, in which the overexpression of the UPR and apoptosis was rescued. Consistently, COS attenuated nutrient deprivation-induced disruption of intestinal barrier integrity and functional capacity. Together, we provided the first evidence that COS could protect against intestinal apoptosis through alleviating severe ERS, which may be related to the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Koksal AR, Verne GN, Zhou Q. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in biological processing and disease. J Investig Med 2021; 69:309-315. [PMID: 33472886 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability of translated cellular proteins to perform their functions requires their proper folding after synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for coordinating protein folding and maturation. Infections, genetic mutations, environmental factors and many other conditions can lead to challenges to the ER known as ER stress. Altering ER homeostasis results in accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins. To eliminate this problem, a response is initiated by the cell called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves multiple signaling pathways. Prolonged ER stress or a dysregulated UPR can lead to premature apoptosis and an exaggerated inflammatory response. Following these discoveries, ER stress was shown to be related to several chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease that have not yet been clearly demonstrated pathophysiologically. Here, we review the field and present up-to-date information on the relationship between biological processing, ER stress, UPR, and several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Riza Koksal
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA
| | | | - QiQi Zhou
- Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, UTHSC COM, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Trueperella pyogenes pyolysin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in endometrium stromal cells via autophagy- and ATF6-dependent mechanism. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:939-952. [PMID: 33454924 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen of many livestock and play an important regulation role during multibacterial infection and interaction with the host by its primary virulence factor pyolysin (PLO). The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation role of PLO which serve as a combinational pathogen with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during endometritis. In this study, the expression of bioactive recombinant PLO (rPLO) in a prokaryotic expression system and its purification are described. Moreover, we observed that rPLO inhibited the innate immune response triggered by LPS and that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) abrogated this inhibitory effect in goat endometrium stromal cells (gESCs). Additionally, we show from pharmacological and genetic studies that rPLO-induced autophagy represses gene expression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, this study reported that ATF6 serves as a primary regulator of the cellular inflammatory reaction to rPLO. Overall, these observations suggest that T. pyogenes PLO could create an immunosuppressive environment for other pathogens invasion by regulating cellular signaling pathways.
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15
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Huang M, Yang L, Jiang N, Dai Q, Li R, Zhou Z, Zhao B, Lin X. Emc3 maintains intestinal homeostasis by preserving secretory lineages. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:873-886. [PMID: 33785873 PMCID: PMC8222001 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal exocrine secretory lineages, including goblet cells and Paneth cells, provide vital innate host defense to pathogens. However, how these cells are specified and maintained to ensure intestinal barrier function remains poorly defined. Here we show that endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3 (Emc3) is essential for differentiation and function of exocrine secretory lineages. Deletion of Emc3 in intestinal epithelium decreases mucus production by goblet cells and Paneth cell population, along with gut microbial dysbiosis, which result in spontaneous inflammation and increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, Emc3 deletion impairs stem cell niche function of Paneth cells, thus resulting in intestinal organoid culture failure. Mechanistically, Emc3 deficiency leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mitigating ER stress with tauroursodeoxycholate acid alleviates secretory dysfunction and restores organoid formation. Our study identifies a dominant role of Emc3 in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhui Dai
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Amino Acids in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Redox Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:35-49. [PMID: 34251637 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the chains of amino acids linked via peptide bonds. In cells, newly synthesized proteins are modified and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and matured to be functional proteins before they are transported to other tissues or organs. In addition to protein synthesis, the ER is also a stress-sensing organelle for diverse biological functions, such as calcium storage, lipid synthesis, and cellular metabolism. Nutrient deprivation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and other intracellular insults can activate ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis. Dysfunction of the ER influences cellular physiology and metabolism, and contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins of eukaryotic organisms. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have found that amino acids can function as signaling molecules to regulate gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis, immune response, and antioxidant capacity in numerous biological processes. Importantly, several lines of studies have indicated that amino acids regulate the abundances of proteins implicated in UPR and the redox state, therefore restoring the intracellular homeostasis. Amino acids play an important role in regulating ER stress and redox homeostasis in animal cells for their survival, growth, and development.
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17
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Eugene SP, Reddy VS, Trinath J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Intestinal Inflammation: A Perilous Union. Front Immunol 2020; 11:543022. [PMID: 33324392 PMCID: PMC7723926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.543022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract encompasses the largest mucosal surface fortified with a fine layer of intestinal epithelial cells along with highly sophisticated network of the lamina propria immune cells that are indispensable to sustain gut homeostasis. However, it can be challenging to uphold homeostasis when these cells in the intestine are perpetually exposed to insults of both endogenous and exogenous origin. The complex networking and dynamic microenvironment in the intestine demand highly functional cells ultimately burdening the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress. Unresolved ER stress is one of the primary contributors to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Studies also suggest that ER stress can be the primary cause of inflammation and/or the consequence of inflammation. Therefore, understanding the patterns of expression of ER stress regulators and deciphering the intricate interplay between ER stress and inflammatory pathways in intestinal epithelial cells in association with lamina propria immune cells contribute toward the development of novel therapies to tackle IBD. This review provides imperative insights into the molecular markers involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by potentiating ER stress and inflammation and briefly describes the potential pharmacological intervention strategies to mitigate ER stress and IBD. In addition, genetic mutations in the biomarkers contributing to abnormalities in the ER stress signaling pathways further emphasizes the relevance of biomarkers in potential treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchez Preethi Eugene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Jamma Trinath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
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18
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Zong S, Ye Z, Zhang X, Chen H, Ye M. Protective effect of Lachnum polysaccharide on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:846-859. [PMID: 31934694 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been gradually considered as a public health challenge worldwide. This study determined the protective effect of Lachnum polysaccharide (LEP) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice and explored the underlying mechanism. Results showed that dietary LEP reduced DSS-induced disease activity index (DAI), colon shortening and colonic tissue damage. LEP treatment restored intestinal barrier integrity by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins and mucus layer protecting proteins. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was inhibited by LEP through regulating PPARγ/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 pathways and inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, LEP also inhibited (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by DSS. These results provided a scientific basis for LEP as a potential natural agent for protecting mice from DSS-induced IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R. China.
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19
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Cell death in the gut epithelium and implications for chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:543-556. [PMID: 32651553 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest rates of cellular turnover in a process that is tightly regulated. As the transit-amplifying progenitors of the intestinal epithelium generate ~300 cells per crypt every day, regulated cell death and sloughing at the apical surface keeps the overall cell number in check. An aberrant increase in the rate of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death underlies instances of extensive epithelial erosion, which is characteristic of several intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. Emerging evidence points to a crucial role of necroptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis as important modes of programmed cell death in the intestine in addition to apoptosis. The mode of cell death affects tissue restitution responses and ultimately the long-term risks of intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer. A vicious cycle of intestinal barrier breach, misregulated cell death and subsequent inflammation is at the heart of chronic inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal diseases. This Review discusses the underlying molecular and cellular underpinnings that control programmed cell death in IECs, which emerge during intestinal diseases. Translational aspects of cell death modulation for the development of novel therapeutic alternatives for inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer are also discussed.
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20
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Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Perspective on Intracellular Response Mechanisms. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves perturbation of intestinal immune homeostasis in genetically susceptible individuals. A mutual interplay between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and gut resident microbes maintains a homeostatic environment across the gut. An idiopathic gastrointestinal (GI) complication triggers aberrant physiological stress in the epithelium and peripheral myeloid cells, leading to a chronic inflammatory condition. Indeed, events in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria contribute to orchestrating intracellular mechanisms such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and oxidative stress, respectively, to resolve aberrant cellular stress. This review highlights the signaling cascades encrypted within ER and mitochondria in IECs and/or myeloid cells to dissipate chronic stress in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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21
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Song M, Wang C, Yang H, Chen Y, Feng X, Li B, Fan H. P-STAT3 Inhibition Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Splenocyte Apoptosis in Chronic Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32714202 PMCID: PMC7340136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to immunosuppression and induces splenocyte apoptosis. STAT3 is a transcription factor that regulates immunity and apoptosis; however, it is unclear whether the increased expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) observed in chronic stress is related to splenocyte apoptosis. To explore the relationship between splenocyte apoptosis and STAT3 in chronic stress, we treated rats undergoing a 21-day chronic restraint stress program with the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201. This chronic stress model was verified by observing rats’ behavior and measuring their serum corticosterone levels. Chronic stress led to increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and p-STAT3 inhibition enhanced splenocyte apoptosis in chronic stress. We detected key proteins in three apoptotic pathways to determine which pathway mediated increasing splenocyte apoptosis and found that the death receptor pathway was the main apoptotic pathway that occurred in the spleen during chronic stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) was also activated, but the Bcl-2 family was not involved in chronic stress. P-STAT3 inhibition had no influence on the Bcl-2 family and the death receptor pathway; however, p-STAT3 inhibition disrupted the pro-survival function of the UPR by decreasing the expression of ATF6α and p-IRE1α. Furthermore, p-STAT3 inhibition activated endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the expression of CHOP, p-JNK, and procaspase-12. Collectively, these findings indicate that the increased p-STAT3 expression during chronic stress may promote splenocyte survival by activating the UPR. Consequently, STAT3 and the UPR may be considered as potential therapeutic targets for chronic stress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haotian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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22
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Uddin MA, Kubra KT, Sonju JJ, Akhter MS, Seetharama J, Barabutis N. Effects of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition In the Lungs. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 6. [PMID: 32728665 PMCID: PMC7390472 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Hsp90 is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. We employed human lung microvascular endothelial cells to investigate the effects of the Hsp90 inhibitors 17-AAG, AUY-922 and 17-DMAG in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and viability of lung cells. Our observations indicate that moderate doses of those compounds trigger the activation of the UPR without inducing lethal effects in vitro. Indeed, AUY-922 triggered UPR activation in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice. UPR has been previously involved in the enhancement of the lung endothelial barrier function. Thus, the present study suggests that the barrier protective effects of Hsp90 inhibition in the lung microvasculature are highly probable to be associated with the activation of the UPR. Hence, the development of novel compounds which stochastically capacitate the repairing elements of UPR, may deliver new therapeutic possibilities against the severities of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Uddin
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Jafrin Jobayer Sonju
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Jois Seetharama
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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23
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Mechanisms Underlying Bone Loss Associated with Gut Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246323. [PMID: 31847438 PMCID: PMC6940820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with gastrointestinal diseases frequently suffer from skeletal abnormality, characterized by reduced bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and/or joint inflammation. This pathological process is characterized by altered immune cell activity and elevated inflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment due to disrupted gut immune response. Gastrointestinal disease is recognized as an immune malfunction driven by multiple factors, including cytokines and signaling molecules. However, the mechanism by which intestinal inflammation magnified by gut-residing actors stimulates bone loss remains to be elucidated. In this article, we discuss the main risk factors potentially contributing to intestinal disease-associated bone loss, and summarize current animal models, illustrating gut-bone axis to bridge the gap between intestinal inflammation and skeletal disease.
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24
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Ren MT, Gu ML, Zhou XX, Yu MS, Pan HH, Ji F, Ding CY. Sirtuin 1 alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5800-5813. [PMID: 31636473 PMCID: PMC6801188 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase that is involved in various diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, and inflammation-associated diseases. However, the role of SIRT1 in ulcerative colitis (UC) is still confusing.
AIM To investigate the role of SIRT1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in UC and further explore the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS We developed a coculture model using macrophages and Caco-2 cells. After treatment with the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 or inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM), the expression of occludin and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) was assessed by Western blot analysis. Annexin V-APC/7-AAD assays were performed to evaluate Caco-2 apoptosis. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice were exposed to SRT1720 or NAM for 7 d. Transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays were conducted to assess apoptosis in colon tissues. The expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in Caco-2 cells and the colon tissues of treated mice were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS SRT1720 treatment increased the protein levels of occludin and ZO-1 and inhibited Caco-2 apoptosis, whereas NAM administration caused the opposite effects. DSS-induced colitis mice treated with SRT1720 had a lower disease activity index (P < 0.01), histological score (P < 0.001), inflammatory cytokine levels (P < 0.01), and apoptotic cell rate (P < 0.01), while exposure to NAM caused the opposite effects. Moreover, SIRT1 activation reduced the expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, cleaved caspase-12, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 in Caco-2 cells and the colon tissues of treated mice.
CONCLUSION SIRT1 activation reduces apoptosis of IECs via the suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis-associated molecules CHOP and caspase-12. SIRT1 activation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mo-Sang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang-Hai Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen-Yan Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Dun Y, Cheng Z, Liu J, Guo Y, He Y, Xiong Z, Yuan D, Zhang C. Distinct expression patterns of aging effects on the UPR ER signaling pathway in rat colon and regulatory role of saponins from Panax japonicus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3279-3289. [PMID: 31934171 PMCID: PMC6949813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that the unfolded protein response of ER (UPRER) declines in the several organs of aging mice. However, changes of UPRER during the aging process in the intestine are rarely reported. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) have anti-aging effects in different murine models and can modulate ER stress. In the present study, we focused on age-dependent expressions of UPRER in the intestine of 6- to 24-month-old rats by an immunohistochemical (IHC) method and determined whether SPJ could regulate the three different UPRER branches of the colon in aging rats. METHODS Aging rats had been treated with different doses (10 and 30 mg/kg) of SPJ for 6 months, which were mixed with feed, since they were 18 months old. Then the expressions of GRP78 and three different UPRER branches were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Total expressions of GRP78 and p-JNK increased, and other UPRER proteins decreased in the colon of aging rats, while SPJ treatment relieved the corresponding changes in aging rats. Here we also found different patterns of GRP78 and the three UPRER branches in the different layers of colon in rats. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that UPRER declined and GRP78 increased in the colon of aging rats. SPJ could reverse most URPER changes in the colon of aging rats. This study also showed different expression patterns of the three branches of UPRER in different layers of the colon in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyan Dun
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhui Guo
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yumin He
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengguo Xiong
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Changcheng Zhang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
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Barabutis N. Unfolded Protein Response supports endothelial barrier function. Biochimie 2019; 165:206-209. [PMID: 31404589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing efforts are oriented towards the development of novel therapeutic agents to repress lung hyperpermeability responses due to inflammation. The endothelial barrier dysfunction triggered by such events, may eventually lead to severe cardiovascular complications, such as the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Hsp90 inhibitors are anticancer compounds, associated with strong anti-inflammatory responses in the endothelium. Our latest observations in experimental models of Acute Lung Injury suggest that P53 orchestrates, at least in part, such activities. Remarkably, both Hsp90 inhibition and P53 induction are associated with the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response element. The purpose of the current manuscript, is to introduce the hypotheses that UPR induction protects the vasculature against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA.
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27
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Dai F, Dong S, Rong Z, Xuan Q, Chen P, Chen M, Fan Y, Gao Q. Expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1β is downregulated in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colonic tumors. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3181-3188. [PMID: 30936991 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor in colon cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with IBD and cancer. In the current study an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colonic tumor model was established to analyze the expression of ER stress chaperone molecules. Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg AOM. On the 7th day following AOM injection, mice were treated with 1% DSS supplemented to the drinking water for 7 days, then followed by 14 days of normal drinking water. The cycle of 7 days DSS plus 14 days normal water was repeated twice and colonic tumors were evaluated for their number and size. Mice in the control group were injected with saline and received normal drinking water for the course of the experiment. mRNA levels of cytokines, inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE)1α and 1β, their downstream targets X-box binding protein (XBP)1u, XBP1s and mucin (MUC) 2 and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IRE1α, IRE1β and MUC2 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and IRE1α and IRE1β levels were further assessed by western blot analysis. It was observed that tumors developed in the distal colon of mice treated with AOM/DSS. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA levels were significantly increased in mice of the tumor group compared with mice of the control group. There were no significant differences in IRE1α mRNA and protein expression between the two groups and XBP1s mRNA levels were increased in the tumor compared with the control group. IRE1β and MUC2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the tumor compared with the control group (decreased by 42 and 30%, respectively). IRE1β and MUC2 proteins were predominately expressed in colonic epithelial cells and expression was decreased in the tumor compared with the control group. In conclusion, the downregulation of IRE1β and MUC2 may reduce the ability of colon tissues to resist inflammation, thus promoting the occurrence and development of colonic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China.,Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Oncology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Shizhen Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Rong
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Oncology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China.,Department of Ultrasound, Women and Children Health Care Center of Luoyang, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Menglu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
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28
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Vinayaga-Pavan M, Frampton M, Pontikos N, Levine AP, Smith PJ, Jonasson JG, Björnsson ES, Segal AW, Smith AM. Elevation in Cell Cycle and Protein Metabolism Gene Transcription in Inactive Colonic Tissue From Icelandic Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:317-327. [PMID: 30452647 PMCID: PMC6327231 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). In Iceland, the incidence of UC is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with UC and identify potential germline mutations and pathways that could be associated with UC in this population. METHODS Exome sequencing and genome-wide microarray analysis on macroscopically noninflamed colonic mucosa from patients and controls were performed. Exome sequence data were examined for very rare or novel mutations that were over-represented in the UC cohort. Combined matching of variant analysis and downstream influence on transcriptomic expression in the rectum were analyzed. RESULTS One thousand eight hundred thirty-eight genes were differentially expressed in rectal tissue from UC patients and identified an upregulation in genes associated with cell cycle control and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two missense mutations in thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) with a minor allele frequency of 0.22 in the UC patients compared with a reported 0.062 in the Icelandic population were identified. A predicted damaging mutation in the gene SLC26A3 is potentially associated with increased expression of DUOX2 and DUOXA2 in rectal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Colonic mucosa of UC patients demonstrates evidence of an elevation in genes involving cell proliferation and processing of proteins within the ER. Exome sequencing identified a possible increased prevalence of 2 damaging TPMT variants within the UC population, suggesting screening the UC population before initiation of thiopurine analogue therapy to avoid toxicity associated with these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jon G Jonasson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Einar S Björnsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Andrew M Smith
- Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute,Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine,Address correspondence to: Andrew M. Smith, PhD, Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom ()
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Indispensable role of the Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1-specific E3 ligase in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and controlling gut inflammation. Cell Discov 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 30701081 PMCID: PMC6349939 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal exocrine secretory cells, including Paneth and goblet cells, have a pivotal role in intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. Dysfunction of these cells may lead to the pathogenesis of human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, identification and elucidation of key molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and function of these exocrine cells would be crucial for understanding of disease pathogenesis and discovery of new therapeutic targets. The Ufm1 conjugation system is a novel ubiquitin-like modification system that consists of Ufm1 (Ubiquitin modifier 1), Uba5 (Ufm1-activating enzyme, E1), Ufc1 (Ufm1-conjugating enzyme, E2) and poorly characterized Ufm1 E3 ligase(s). Recent mouse genetic studies have demonstrated its indispensable role in embryonic development and hematopoiesis. Yet its role in other tissues and organs remains poorly defined. In this study, we found that both Ufl1 and Ufbp1, two key components of the Ufm1 E3 ligase, were highly expressed in the intestinal exocrine cells. Ablation of either Ufl1 and Ufbp1 led to significant loss of both Paneth and goblet cells, which in turn resulted in dysbiotic microbiota and increased susceptibility to experimentally induced colitis. At the cellular and molecular levels, Ufbp1 deficiency caused elevation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and cell death program. Administration of small molecular chaperone partially prevented loss of Paneth cells caused by acute Ufbp1 deletion. Taken together, our results have provided unambiguous evidence for the crucial role of the Ufm1 E3 ligase in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and protection from inflammatory diseases.
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Wang X, Cui X, Zhu C, Li M, Zhao J, Shen Z, Shan X, Wang L, Wu H, Shen Y, Ni Y, Zhang D, Zhou G. FKBP11 protects intestinal epithelial cells against inflammation‑induced apoptosis via the JNK‑caspase pathway in Crohn's disease. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4428-4438. [PMID: 30221722 PMCID: PMC6172375 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). FK506 binding protein 11 (FKBP11), a member of the peptidyl‑prolyl cis‑trans isomerase family, is involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is closely associated with inflammation. Previous bioinformatics analysis revealed a potential association between FKBP11 and human CD. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the potential significance of FKBP11 in IEC homeostasis and CD. In the present study, increased expression of FKBP11 was detected in the intestinal inflammatory tissues of patients with CD. Furthermore, the results of the present study revealed that overexpression of FKBP11 was accompanied by increased expression levels of the ER stress marker 78 kDa glucose‑regulated protein in the colon tissues of a 2, 4, 6‑trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid‑induced mouse colitis model. Using interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ)/tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑stimulated IECs as an ER stress and apoptosis cell model, the associated of FKBP11 with ER stress and apoptosis levels was confirmed in IECs. Overexpression of FKBP11 was revealed to significantly attenuate the elevated expression of pro‑apoptotic proteins (Bcl2 associated X apoptosis regulator, caspase‑12 and active caspase‑3), suppress the phosphorylation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), and decrease apoptosis of IFN‑γ/TNF‑α stimulated IECs. Knockdown of FKBP11 by transfection with small interfering RNA further validated the aforementioned results. In conclusion, these results suggest that the UPR protein FKBP11 may protect IECs against IFN‑γ/TNF‑α induced apoptosis by inhibiting the ER stress‑associated JNK/caspase apoptotic pathway in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Fifth's People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Fifth's People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Fifth's People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohang Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Han Wu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - You Ni
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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31
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Loss of Stat6 affects chromatin condensation in intestinal epithelial cells causing diverse outcome in murine models of inflammation-associated and sporadic colon carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 38:1787-1801. [PMID: 30353167 PMCID: PMC6756235 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While great advances have been achieved regarding the genetic basis of colorectal cancer, the complex role of cell–cell communication and cytokine-induced signaling during its pathogenesis remains less understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) is the main transcription factor of interleukin-4 (IL-4) signaling and its participation in the development of various tumor types has been already reported. Here we aimed to examine the contribution of Stat6 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in mouse models of intestinal carcinogenesis. Wild-type (WT), Stat6 knockout (Stat6−/−), and intestinal epithelial cell-specific IL-4Rα knockout (Il-4rαΔIEC) mice were subjected to colitis-associated (AOM/DSS) and colitis-independent (sporadic) carcinogenesis. IEC proliferation, apoptosis and RNA expression were evaluated by immunohistochemical, immunoblot, and RT-PCR analysis. We found that Stat6−/− mice developed more tumors in the colitis-associated carcinogenesis model. This was accompanied by a more pronounced inflammatory response during colitis and an elevated Stat3-dependent proliferation of IEC. Increased sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis was caused by elevated cell death in response to the initial carcinogen exposure as Stat6 deficiency led to increased chromatin compaction affecting DNA damage response in IEC upon treatment with alkylating agents independently of IL-4Rα engagement. Thus, loss of Stat6 caused more severe colitis and increased tumor load, however loss-of-initiated Stat6−/− IEC prevented tumor formation in the absence of overt inflammation. Our data unravel unexpected IL-4-independent functions of Stat6 in chromatin compaction in intestinal epithelial cells ultimately providing both tumor suppressive as well as tumor promoting effects in different models of intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Collins CB, Puthoor PR, Nguyen TT, Strassheim D, Jedlicka P, Friedman JE, de Zoeten EF. C/EBPβ Deletion Promotes Expansion of Poorly Functional Intestinal Regulatory T Cells. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1475-1485. [PMID: 30085016 PMCID: PMC8877170 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [IBDs] are chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions in part mediated by CD4+ T cells. Anti-inflammatory Foxp3+ regulatory T cells [Tregs] maintain immune homeostasis and protect against IBD development via multiple mechanisms, including cytokine secretion and cell-cell interaction. CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta [C/EBPβ] is a stress-responsive transcription factor linked with IBD susceptibility. Whole-body C/EBPβ deficiency induces CD4+ T cell-predominant hyperproliferation, and we hypothesize that this may be due to impaired Treg function. METHODS We used the C/EBPβ-/- mice in the CD45RBHigh adoptive transfer model, to assess C/EBPβ-/- CD4+ T cells for their colitiogenic potential, and C/EBPβ-/- CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs for their ability to inhibit colitis. We assessed Tregs from the C/EBPβ-/- mice for expression of Treg functional genes and proteins. RESULTS Naïve C/EBPβ-/- CD4+ T cells are more colitogenic in vivo. The exacerbated colitis does not appear to reflect impaired Treg development, however, as C/EBPβ-/- mice displayed more, rather than fewer intestinal CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. Instead, this reflects impaired Treg function as seen by the reduced capacity to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro, along with decreased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings were corroborated in vivo by additional adoptive co-transfer studies in which wildtype Tregs prevented colitis but C/EBPβ-/- Tregs did not. CONCLUSION C/EBPβ deficiency impairs Treg function and potentiates T cell-mediated colitis. A clearer understanding of the function of this transcription factor may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm B Collins
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pamela R Puthoor
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Corresponding author: Edwin F. de Zoeten M.D., Ph.D., Children’s Hospital Colorado, Digestive Health Institute, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B290, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Tel: 1-720-777-5415; Fax: 1-720-777-7277;
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Cellular Stress Responses and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7192646. [PMID: 30026758 PMCID: PMC6031203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7192646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progresses in the past two decades have greatly expanded our understanding of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an incurable disease with multifaceted and challenging clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of IBD involves multiple processes on the cellular level, which include the stress response signaling such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. Under physiological conditions, the stress responses play key roles in cell survival, mucosal barrier integrity, and immunomodulation. However, they can also cause energy depletion, trigger cell death and tissue injury, promote inflammatory response, and drive the progression of clinical disease. In recent years, gut microflora has emerged as an essential pathogenic factor and therapeutic target for IBD. Altered compositional and metabolic profiles of gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, are associated with IBD. Recent studies, although limited, have shed light on how ER stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxic stress interact with gut microorganisms, a potential source of stress in the microenvironment of gastrointestinal tract. Our knowledge of cellular stress responses in intestinal homeostasis as well as their cross-talks with gut microbiome will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and probably open avenues for new therapies.
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, González S, Carvajal P, Molina C, Hermoso MA, González MJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in autoimmune diseases: Can altered protein quality control and/or unfolded protein response contribute to autoimmunity? A critical review on Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:796-808. [PMID: 29890347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many years, researchers in the field of autoimmunity have focused on the role of the immune components in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, some studies have demonstrated the importance of target tissues in their pathogenesis and the breach of immune tolerance. The immune system as well as target tissue cells (plasmatic, β-pancreatic, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, thyroid follicular and epithelial cells of the lachrymal glands, salivary glands, intestine, bronchioles and renal tubules) share the characteristic of secretory cells with an extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The function of these cells depends considerably on a normal ER function and calcium homeostasis, so they can produce and secrete their main components, which include glycoproteins involved in antigenic presentation such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II. All these proteins are synthesized and modified in the ER, and for this reason disturbances in the normal functions of this organelle such as protein folding, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis and redox balance, promote accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, a condition known as ER stress. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by inflammation, which has been associated with an ER stress condition. Interestingly, patients with these diseases contain circulating auto-antibodies against chaperone proteins (such as Calnexin and GRP94), thus affecting the folding and assembly of MHC class I and II glycoproteins and their loading with peptide. The main purpose of this article is to review the involvement of the protein quality control and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and their alterations in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we describe the interaction between ER stress and inflammation and evidences are shown of how autoimmune diseases are associated with an ER stress condition, with a special emphasis on the second most prevalent autoimmune rheumatic disease, Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Escuela de Postgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Junjappa RP, Patil P, Bhattarai KR, Kim HR, Chae HJ. IRE1α Implications in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Development and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1289. [PMID: 29928282 PMCID: PMC5997832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) is the most prominent and evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein. This transduces the signal of misfolded protein accumulation in the ER, named as ER stress, to the nucleus as “unfolded protein response (UPR).” The ER stress-mediated IRE1α signaling pathway arbitrates the yin and yang of cell life. IRE1α has been implicated in several physiological as well as pathological conditions, including immune disorders. Autoimmune diseases are caused by abnormal immune responses that develop due to genetic mutations and several environmental factors, including infections and chemicals. These factors dysregulate the cell immune reactions, such as cytokine secretion, antigen presentation, and autoantigen generation. However, the mechanisms involved, in which these factors induce the onset of autoimmune diseases, are remaining unknown. Considering that these environmental factors also induce the UPR, which is expected to have significant role in secretory cells and immune cells. The role of the major UPR molecule, IRE1α, in causing immune responses is well identified, but its role in inducing autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been clearly elucidated. Hence, a better understanding of the role of IRE1α and its regulatory mechanisms in causing autoimmune diseases could help to identify and develop the appropriate therapeutic strategies. In this review, we mainly center the discussion on the molecular mechanisms of IRE1α in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Patil Junjappa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Prakash Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kashi Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Ji Y, Luo X, Yang Y, Dai Z, Wu G, Wu Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells: a feed-back regulation by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:38. [PMID: 29744053 PMCID: PMC5932775 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with multiple pathological processes of intestinal diseases. Despite a critical role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in regulating cellular stress response, the crosstalk between mTORC1 and ER stress signaling and its contribution to the intestinal barrier function is unknown. Results In the present study, we showed that intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) incubated with tunicamycin led to caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death. The induction of cell death was accompanied by activation of unfolded protein response as evidenced by increased protein levels for BiP, p-IRE1α, p-eIF2α, p-JNK, and CHOP. Further study demonstrated that tunicamycin-induced cell death was enhanced by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1. Consistently, tunicamycin decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased permeability of the cells. These effects of tunicamycin were exacerbated by mTORC1 inhibitor. Conclusions Taken together, the data presented here identified a previously unknown crosstalk between an unfold protein response and mTORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. This feed-back loop regulation on ER stress signaling by mTORC1 is critical for cell survival and intestinal permeability in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Xuan Luo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Ying Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093 China.,2Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093 China
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37
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Wu L, Liu H, Li L, Xu D, Gao Y, Guan Y, Chen Q. 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone protects chondrocytes from ER stress-induced apoptosis through regulation of the IRE1α pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:157-166. [PMID: 28436754 PMCID: PMC6104397 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1321639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)α signaling in ER stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying chondroprotective activity of 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) from Murraya exotica. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRE1α was knocked down by siRNA transfection in chondrocytes, which were harvested from rats' knee cartilages. Chondrocytes with IRE1α deficiency were administrated with tunicamycin (TM) and TMF. Chondrocyte apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and DAPI/TUNEL staining. Expression of mRNA and proteins was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western-blot, respectively. RESULTS IRE1α deficiency significantly increased the rate of TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, down-regulated the expression of pro-survival factors XBP1S and Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic factors CHOP, p-JNK, and caspase-3. TMF suppressed TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by activating the expression of IRE1α, which reversed the expression patterns of downstream pro-survival and pro-apoptotic factors due to IRE1α deficiency. CONCLUSION The mechanism of TMF in protecting chondrocytes against ER stress-induced apoptosis might be associated with regulating the activity of ER sensor IRE1α and its downstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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38
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Lopes F, Keita ÅV, Saxena A, Reyes JL, Mancini NL, Al Rajabi A, Wang A, Baggio CH, Dicay M, van Dalen R, Ahn Y, Carneiro MBH, Peters NC, Rho JM, MacNaughton WK, Girardin SE, Jijon H, Philpott DJ, Söderholm JD, McKay DM. ER-stress mobilization of death-associated protein kinase-1-dependent xenophagy counteracts mitochondria stress-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3073-3087. [PMID: 29317503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome contributes to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which bacteria can be present within the epithelium. Epithelial barrier function is decreased in IBD, and dysfunctional epithelial mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been individually associated with IBD. We therefore hypothesized that the combination of ER and mitochondrial stresses significantly disrupt epithelial barrier function. Here, we treated human colonic biopsies, epithelial colonoids, and epithelial cells with an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, dinitrophenol (DNP), with or without the ER stressor tunicamycin and assessed epithelial barrier function by monitoring internalization and translocation of commensal bacteria. We also examined barrier function and colitis in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or DNP and co-treated with DAPK6, an inhibitor of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). Contrary to our hypothesis, induction of ER stress (i.e. the unfolded protein response) protected against decreased barrier function caused by the disruption of mitochondrial function. ER stress did not prevent DNP-driven uptake of bacteria; rather, specific mobilization of the ATF6 arm of ER stress and recruitment of DAPK1 resulted in enhanced autophagic killing (xenophagy) of bacteria. Of note, epithelia with a Crohn's disease-susceptibility mutation in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 exhibited less xenophagy. Systemic delivery of the DAPK1 inhibitor DAPK6 increased bacterial translocation in DSS- or DNP-treated mice. We conclude that promoting ER stress-ATF6-DAPK1 signaling in transporting enterocytes counters the transcellular passage of bacteria evoked by dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby reducing the potential for metabolic stress to reactivate or perpetuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lopes
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Åsa V Keita
- the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden, and
| | - Alpana Saxena
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Jose Luis Reyes
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Nicole L Mancini
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Ala Al Rajabi
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Arthur Wang
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Michael Dicay
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Rob van Dalen
- the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and
| | - Younghee Ahn
- the Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Matheus B H Carneiro
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Nathan C Peters
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- the Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | | | - Humberto Jijon
- Medicine, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden, and
| | - Derek M McKay
- From the Gastrointestinal Research Group, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
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39
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Graham DB, Lefkovith A, Deelen P, de Klein N, Varma M, Boroughs A, Desch AN, Ng ACY, Guzman G, Schenone M, Petersen CP, Bhan AK, Rivas MA, Daly MJ, Carr SA, Wijmenga C, Xavier RJ. TMEM258 Is a Component of the Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex Controlling ER Stress and Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2955-2965. [PMID: 27974209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant insights into disease pathogenesis have been gleaned from population-level genetic studies; however, many loci associated with complex genetic disease contain numerous genes, and phenotypic associations cannot be assigned unequivocally. In particular, a gene-dense locus on chromosome 11 (61.5-61.65 Mb) has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and coronary artery disease. Here, we identify TMEM258 within this locus as a central regulator of intestinal inflammation. Strikingly, Tmem258 haploinsufficient mice exhibit severe intestinal inflammation in a model of colitis. At the mechanistic level, we demonstrate that TMEM258 is a required component of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex and is essential for N-linked protein glycosylation. Consequently, homozygous deficiency of Tmem258 in colonic organoids results in unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress culminating in apoptosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TMEM258 is a central mediator of ER quality control and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ariel Lefkovith
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick Deelen
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 EX Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 EX Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mukund Varma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Angela Boroughs
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - A Nicole Desch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aylwin C Y Ng
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gaelen Guzman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Atul K Bhan
- Pathology Department and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 EX Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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40
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Luis NM, Wang L, Ortega M, Deng H, Katewa SD, Li PWL, Karpac J, Jasper H, Kapahi P. Intestinal IRE1 Is Required for Increased Triglyceride Metabolism and Longer Lifespan under Dietary Restriction. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1207-1216. [PMID: 27783936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most robust lifespan-extending interventions in animals. The beneficial effects of DR involve a metabolic adaptation toward increased triglyceride usage. The regulatory mechanism and the tissue specificity of this metabolic switch remain unclear. Here, we show that the IRE1/XBP1 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling module mediates metabolic adaptation upon DR in flies by promoting triglyceride synthesis and accumulation in enterocytes (ECs) of the Drosophila midgut. Consistently, IRE1/XBP1 function in ECs is required for increased longevity upon DR. We further identify sugarbabe, a Gli-like zinc-finger transcription factor, as a key mediator of the IRE1/XBP1-regulated induction of de novo lipogenesis in ECs. Overexpression of sugarbabe rescues metabolic and lifespan phenotypes of IRE1 loss-of-function conditions. Our study highlights the critical role of metabolic adaptation of the intestinal epithelium for DR-induced lifespan extension and explores the IRE1/XBP1 signaling pathway regulating this adaptation and influencing lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Miguel Luis
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA.
| | - Lifen Wang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Mauricio Ortega
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Hansong Deng
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Subhash D Katewa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Patrick Wai-Lun Li
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA.
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41
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Ma X, Dai Z, Sun K, Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang Y, Tso P, Wu G, Wu Z. Intestinal Epithelial Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis: An Update Review. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1271. [PMID: 29118753 PMCID: PMC5660968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cells serve essential roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which relies on appropriate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function for proper protein folding, modification, and secretion. Exogenous or endogenous risk factors with an ability to disturb the ER function can impair the intestinal barrier function and activate inflammatory responses in the host. The last decade has witnessed considerable progress in the understanding of the functional role of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the gut homeostasis and its significant contribution to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, we review recent evidence supporting the viewpoint that deregulation of ER stress and UPR signaling in the intestinal epithelium, including the absorptive cells, Paneth cells, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells, mediates the action of genetic or environmental factors driving colitis in experimental animals and IBD patients. In addition, we highlight pharmacologic application of chaperones or small molecules that enhance protein folding and modification capacity or improve the function of the ER. These molecules represent potential therapeutic strategies in the prevention or treatment of IBD through restoring ER homeostasis in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiji Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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42
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Knockdown of IRE1α inhibits colonic tumorigenesis through decreasing β-catenin and IRE1α targeting suppresses colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:6738-6746. [PMID: 28825721 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs frequently in cancers. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to cope with ER stress. This has generated widespread interest in targeting UPR as therapeutic strategies. Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1α (IRE1α), an ER stress sensor, is a key component of UPR. However, the role of IRE1α in tumorigenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of IRE1α in colon cancer and to determine whether IRE1α could serve as a target for therapy. We found that knockdown of IRE1α suppressed the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo. Inhibition of expression of IRE1α decreased stemness of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) and attenuated growth of intestinal organoids. Genetic ablation of IRE1α prevented the colitis-associated colonic tumorigenesis in mice. The mechanistic study indicates that knockdown of IRE1α repressed the expression of β-catenin, a key factor that drives colonic tumorigenesis, through activating pancreatic ER kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α signaling. We found that the IRE1a-specific inhibitor 4μ8C could suppress the production of β-catenin, inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells, repressed colon CSCs and prevented xenograft growth. The results suggest that IRE1α has a critical role in colonic tumorigenesis and IRE1α targeting might be a strategy for treatment of colon cancers.
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43
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Chong WC, Shastri MD, Eri R. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress: A Vicious Nexus Implicated in Bowel Disease Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E771. [PMID: 28379196 PMCID: PMC5412355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex protein folding and trafficking organelle. Alteration and discrepancy in the endoplasmic reticulum environment can affect the protein folding process and hence, can result in the production of misfolded proteins. The accumulation of misfolded proteins causes cellular damage and elicits endoplasmic reticulum stress. Under such stress conditions, cells exhibit reduced functional synthesis, and will undergo apoptosis if the stress is prolonged. To resolve the ER stress, cells trigger an intrinsic mechanism called an unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is an adaptive signaling process that triggers multiple pathways through the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane transducers, to reduce and remove misfolded proteins and improve the protein folding mechanism, in order to improve and maintain endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. An increasing number of studies support the view that oxidative stress has a strong connection with ER stress. During the protein folding process, reactive oxygen species are produced as by-products, leading to impaired reduction-oxidation (redox) balance conferring oxidative stress. As the protein folding process is dependent on redox homeostasis, the oxidative stress can disrupt the protein folding mechanism and enhance the production of misfolded proteins, causing further ER stress. It is proposed that endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress together play significant roles in the pathophysiology of bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chin Chong
- School of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Newnham TAS 7248, Australia.
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Newnham TAS 7248, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Newnham TAS 7248, Australia.
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44
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Guo H, Gao L, Chen P, Feng D, Qi R, Li X, Chang Y, Chu FF, Gao Q. Expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1β is downregulated in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1109-1118. [PMID: 28454221 PMCID: PMC5403352 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum stress inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1α/X-box binding protein (XBP) 1 signaling pathway is involved in the tumorigenesis of breast and prostate cancer. Mucin 2 (MUC2) protects colon tissues from the formation of tumors. In human colorectal cancer (CRC) the role of IRE1α, and its analogue, IRE1β, has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression levels of IRE1α, IRE1β, un-spliced XBP1u, spliced XBP1s and MUC2 in surgically resected cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from patients with CRC were investigated. The IRE1α, IRE1β, XBP1u, XBP1s and MUC2 mRNA expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression levels were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The association between the expression levels of IRE1α, IRE1β and MUC2 and the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC was subsequently analyzed. The mRNA expression levels of IRE1β and MUC2 were decreased by ~2.1 and ~4.5-fold in CRC tissues, respectively, as compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The protein expression levels of IRE1β and MUC2 were decreased by ~8.0 and ~2.0-fold in the CRC tissues, respectively. IRE1β mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with MUC2 mRNA expression levels. IRE1β expression levels were revealed to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and histological differentiation. However, IRE1α, XBP1u and XBP1s mRNA and IRE1α protein expression levels were not observed to significantly differ between cancerous tissues and the adjacent normal tissues. The results indicated that the expression of IRE1β, but not IRE1α, may protect colon tissue from developing CRC by inducing MUC2 expression. Therefore, decreased IRE1β expression levels may be associated with the development of CRC through the inhibition of MUC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Ran Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
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45
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Yang D, Jiang T, Lin P, Chen H, Wang L, Wang N, Zhao F, Tang K, Zhou D, Wang A, Jin Y. Apoptosis inducing factor gene depletion inhibits zearalenone-induced cell death in a goat Leydig cell line. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 67:129-139. [PMID: 28011299 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a contaminant of human food and animal feedstuffs that causes health hazards. However, the signal pathways underlying ZEA toxicity remain elusive. The aims of this study were to determine which pathways are involved in ZEA-induced cell death and investigate the effect of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) on cell death during ZEA treatment in the immortalized goat Leydig cell line hTERT-GLC. This study showed that ZEA-induced cell death in hTERT-GLCs works via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the caspase-dependent pathway, the caspase-independent pathway and autophagy. Recombinant lentiviral vectors were constructed to silence AIF expression in hTERT-GLCs. Flow cytometry results showed that knockdown of AIF diminished ZEA-induced cell apoptosis in hTERT-GLCs. Furthermore, we found AIF depletion down-regulated phosphoIRE1α, GRP78, CHOP and promoted the switch of LC3-I to LC3-II. Therefore, ZEA induces cytotoxicity in hTERT-GLCs via different pathways, while AIF-mediated signaling plays a critical role in ZEA-induced cell death in hTERT-GLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Xi QL, Zhang B, Jiang Y, Zhang HS, Meng QY, Chen Y, Han YS, Zhuang QL, Han J, Wang HY, Fang J, Wu GH. Mitofusin-2 prevents skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4013-4020. [PMID: 27895764 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite extensive research and clinical trials. The prominent clinical feature of cancer cachexia is the continuous loss of skeletal muscle that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support, and that leads to progressive functional impairment. The mechanism underlying muscle loss in patients with cachexia is poorly understood. The present study analyzed 21 cancer patients with or without cachexia, and demonstrated that mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) was downregulated in the rectus abdominis of patients with cachexia, which was associated with body weight loss. In vitro cell experiments indicated that loss of Mfn2 was associated with atrophy of the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line. Furthermore, in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that cachexia decreased gastrocnemius muscle mass and Mfn2 expression, and overexpression of Mfn2 in gastrocnemius muscle was able to partially attenuate cachexia-induced gastrocnemius muscle loss. The results of the present study suggested that Mfn2 is involved in cachexia-induced muscle loss and may serve as a potential target for therapy of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Lei Xi
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, The Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yang Meng
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, The Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Song Han
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Lin Zhuang
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, The Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Abstract
Research in the past decade has greatly expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to the sophisticated network of immune response, the epithelial layer lining the mucosa has emerged as an essential player in the development and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the frontline of numerous environmental insults in the gut, the intestinal epithelial cells are subject to various cellular stresses. In eukaryotic cells, disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis may lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition called ER stress. This cellular process activates the unfolded protein response, which functions to enhance the ER protein folding capacity, alleviates the burden of protein synthesis and maturation, and activates ER-associated protein degradation. Paneth and goblet cells, 2 secretory epithelial populations in the gut, are particularly sensitive to ER stress on environmental or genetic disturbances. Recent studies suggested that epithelial ER stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis by compromising protein secretion, inducing epithelial cell apoptosis and activating proinflammatory response in the gut. Our knowledge of ER stress in intestinal epithelial function may open avenue to new inflammatory bowel disease therapies by targeting the ER protein folding homeostasis in the cells lining the intestinal mucosa.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a cellular stress response that plays key roles in physiological processes, such as adaptation to starvation, degradation of aberrant proteins or organelles, anti-microbial defense, protein secretion, and innate and adaptive immunity. Dysfunctional autophagy is recognized as a contributing factor in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic studies have identified multiple IBD-associated risk loci that include genes required for autophagy, and several lines of evidence demonstrate that autophagy is impaired in IBD patients. How dysfunctional autophagy contributes to IBD onset is currently under investigation by researchers. KEY MESSAGES Dysfunctional autophagy has been identified to play a role in IBD pathogenesis by altering processes that include (1) intracellular bacterial killing, (2) anti-microbial peptide secretion by Paneth cells, (3) pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages, (4) antigen presentation by dendritic cells, (5) goblet cell function, and (6) the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in enterocytes. The overall effect of dysregulation of these processes varies by cell type, stimulus, as well as cellular context. Manipulation of the autophagic pathway may provide a new avenue in the search for effective therapies for IBD. CONCLUSION Autophagy plays multiple roles in IBD pathogenesis. A better understanding of the role of autophagy in IBD patients may provide better subclassification of IBD phenotypes and novel approaches to disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris El-Khider
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic,Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic,Corresponding author: Christine McDonald, Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, NC22, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA, Phone: (216) 445-7058,
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Sun S, Lourie R, Cohen SB, Ji Y, Goodrich JK, Poole AC, Ley RE, Denkers EY, McGuckin MA, Long Q, Duhamel GE, Simpson KW, Qi L. Epithelial Sel1L is required for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:483-90. [PMID: 26631554 PMCID: PMC4751599 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable chronic idiopathic disease that drastically decreases quality of life. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is responsible for the clearance of misfolded proteins; however, its role in disease pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here we show that the expression of SEL1L and HRD1, the most conserved branch of mammalian ERAD, is significantly reduced in ileal Crohn's disease (CD). Consistent with this observation, laboratory mice with enterocyte-specific Sel1L deficiency (Sel1L(ΔIEC)) develop spontaneous enteritis and have increased susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis. This is associated with profound defects in Paneth cells and a disproportionate increase of Ruminococcus gnavus, a mucolytic bacterium with known association with CD. Surprisingly, whereas both ER stress sensor IRE1α and effector CHOP are activated in the small intestine of Sel1L(ΔIEC) mice, they are not solely responsible for ERAD deficiency-associated lesions seen in the small intestine. Thus our study points to a constitutive role of Sel1L-Hrd1 ERAD in epithelial cell biology and the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Sara B Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yewei Ji
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Julia K Goodrich
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Angela C Poole
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Eric Y Denkers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gerald E Duhamel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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50
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Mizoguchi A, Takeuchi T, Himuro H, Okada T, Mizoguchi E. Genetically engineered mouse models for studying inflammatory bowel disease. J Pathol 2015; 238:205-19. [PMID: 26387641 DOI: 10.1002/path.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition that is mediated by very complex mechanisms controlled by genetic, immune, and environmental factors. More than 74 kinds of genetically engineered mouse strains have been established since 1993 for studying IBD. Although mouse models cannot fully reflect human IBD, they have provided significant contributions for not only understanding the mechanism, but also developing new therapeutic means for IBD. Indeed, 20 kinds of genetically engineered mouse models carry the susceptibility genes identified in human IBD, and the functions of some other IBD susceptibility genes have also been dissected out using mouse models. Cutting-edge technologies such as cell-specific and inducible knockout systems, which were recently employed to mouse IBD models, have further enhanced the ability of investigators to provide important and unexpected rationales for developing new therapeutic strategies for IBD. In this review article, we briefly introduce 74 kinds of genetically engineered mouse models that spontaneously develop intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahito Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Himuro
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okada
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Emiko Mizoguchi
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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