1
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He B, Wang Y, Li H, Huang Y. The role of integrin beta in schizophrenia: a preliminary exploration. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:561-570. [PMID: 36274632 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric (αβ) receptors that transduce mechanical signals between the extracellular milieu and the cell in a bidirectional manner. Extensive research has shown that the integrin beta (β) family is widely expressed in the brain and that they control various aspects of brain development and function. Schizophrenia is a relatively common neurological disorder of unknown etiology and has been found to be closely related to neurodevelopment and neurochemicals in neuropathological studies of schizophrenia. Here, we review literature from recent years that shows that schizophrenia involves multiple signaling pathways related to neuronal migration, axon guidance, cell adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and that dysregulation of these processes affects the normal function of neurons and synapses. In fact, alterations in integrin β structure, expression and signaling for neural circuits, cortex, and synapses are likely to be associated with schizophrenia. We explored several aspects of the possible association between integrin β and schizophrenia in an attempt to demonstrate the role of integrin β in schizophrenia, which may help to provide new insights into the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshan He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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2
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Abstract
The endothelium is a dynamic, semipermeable layer lining all blood vessels, regulating blood vessel formation and barrier function. Proper composition and function of the endothelial barrier are required for fluid homeostasis, and clinical conditions characterized by barrier disruption are associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates. Endothelial barrier properties are regulated by cell-cell junctions and intracellular signaling pathways governing the cytoskeleton, but recent insights indicate an increasingly important role for integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and signaling in endothelial barrier regulation. Here, we discuss diseases characterized by endothelial barrier disruption, and provide an overview of the composition of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion complexes and associated signaling pathways, their crosstalk with cell-cell junctions, and with other receptors. We further present recent insights into the role of cell-matrix adhesions in the developing and mature/adult endothelium of various vascular beds, and discuss how the dynamic regulation and turnover of cell-matrix adhesions regulates endothelial barrier function in (patho)physiological conditions like angiogenesis, inflammation and in response to hemodynamic stress. Finally, as clinical conditions associated with vascular leak still lack direct treatment, we focus on how understanding of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion may provide novel targets for treatment, and discuss current translational challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Coert Margadant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the NetherlandsInstitute of Biology, Leiden University, the Netherlands (C.M.)
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3
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Biose IJ, Ismael S, Ouvrier B, White AL, Bix GJ. The Potential Role of Integrin Signaling in Memory and Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010108. [PMID: 36671492 PMCID: PMC9855855 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia currently has no cure and, due to the increased prevalence and associated economic and personal burden of this condition, current research efforts for the development of potential therapies have intensified. Recently, targeting integrins as a strategy to ameliorate dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment has begun to gain traction. Integrins are major bidirectional signaling receptors in mammalian cells, mediating various physiological processes such as cell-cell interaction and cell adhesion, and are also known to bind to the extracellular matrix. In particular, integrins play a critical role in the synaptic transmission of signals, hence their potential contribution to memory formation and significance in cognitive impairment. In this review, we describe the physiological roles that integrins play in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in the formation of memories. We also provide a clear overview of how integrins are implicated in BBB disruption following cerebral pathology. Given that vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia and Alzheimer's' disease are prominent forms of dementia that involve BBB disruption, as well as chronic inflammation, we present current approaches shown to improve dementia-like conditions with integrins as a central focus. We conclude that integrins are vital in memory formation and that their disruption could lead to various forms of cognitive impairment. While further research to understand the relationships between integrins and memory is needed, we propose that the translational relevance of research efforts in this area could be improved through the use of appropriately aged, comorbid, male and female animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifechukwude Joachim Biose
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Blake Ouvrier
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amanda Louise White
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gregory Jaye Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-3564
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4
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Calderwood DA. Use of Ecto-Tagged Integrins to Monitor Integrin Exocytosis and Endocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:17-38. [PMID: 36653699 PMCID: PMC9999384 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlled exocytosis and endocytosis of integrin adhesion receptors is required for normal cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. In this chapter, we describe the design of functional β1 integrins carrying extracellular fluorescent or chemically traceable tags (ecto-tag) and methods for their use to image β1 integrin trafficking in cells. We provide approaches to generate cells in which endogenous β1 integrins are replaced by ecto-tagged integrins containing a pH-sensitive fluorophore pHluorin or a HaloTag and describe strategies using photobleaching, selective extracellular/intracellular labeling, and chase, quenching, and blocking to reveal β1 integrin exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling by live total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Huet-Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Molecular basis for integrin adhesion receptor binding to p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4). Commun Biol 2022; 5:1257. [PMID: 36385162 PMCID: PMC9669019 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntegrin adhesion receptors provide links between extracellular ligands and cytoplasmic signaling. Multiple kinases have been found to directly engage with integrin β tails, but the molecular basis for these interactions remain unknown. Here, we assess the interaction between the kinase domain of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the cytoplasmic tail of integrin β5. We determine three crystal structures of PAK4-β5 integrin complexes and identify the PAK-binding site. This is a region in the membrane-proximal half of the β5 tail and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The β5 tail engages the kinase substrate-binding groove and positions the non-phosphorylatable integrin residue Glu767 at the phosphoacceptor site. Consistent with this, integrin β5 is poorly phosphorylated by PAK4, and in keeping with its ability to occlude the substrate-binding site, weakly inhibits kinase activity. These findings demonstrate the molecular basis for β5 integrin-PAK4 interactions but suggest modifications in understanding the potential cellular role of this interaction.
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6
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Kong X, Kapustka A, Sullivan B, Schwarz GJ, Leckband DE. Extracellular matrix regulates force transduction at VE-cadherin junctions. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar95. [PMID: 35653290 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased tension on VE-cadherin (VE-cad) complexes activates adaptive cell stiffening and local cytoskeletal reinforcement--two key signatures of intercellular mechanotransduction. Here we demonstrate that tugging on VE-cad receptors initiates a cascade that results in downstream integrin activation. The formation of new integrin adhesions potentiates vinculin and actin recruitment to mechanically reinforce stressed cadherin adhesions. This cascade differs from documented antagonistic effects of integrins on intercellular junctions. We identify focal adhesion kinase, Abl kinase, and RhoA GTPase as key components of the positive feedback loop. Results further show that a consequence of integrin involvement is the sensitization of intercellular force transduction to the extracellular matrix (ECM) not by regulating junctional tension but by altering signal cascades that reinforce cell-cell adhesions. On type 1 collagen or fibronectin substrates, integrin subtypes α2β1 and α5β1, respectively, differentially control actin remodeling at VE-cad adhesions. Specifically, ECM-dependent differences in VE-cad force transduction mirror differences in the rigidity sensing mechanisms of α2β1 and α5β1 integrins. The findings verify the role of integrins in VE-cad force transduction and uncover a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the ECM impacts the mechanical reinforcement of interendothelial junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Adrian Kapustka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gregory J Schwarz
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Deborah E Leckband
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.,Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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7
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Hülsemann M, Sanchez C, Verkhusha PV, Des Marais V, Mao SPH, Donnelly SK, Segall JE, Hodgson L. TC10 regulates breast cancer invasion and metastasis by controlling membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase at invadopodia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1091. [PMID: 34531530 PMCID: PMC8445963 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During breast cancer metastasis, cancer cell invasion is driven by actin-rich protrusions called invadopodia, which mediate the extracellular matrix degradation required for the success of the invasive cascade. In this study, we demonstrate that TC10, a member of a Cdc42 subfamily of p21 small GTPases, regulates the membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-driven extracellular matrix degradation at invadopodia. We show that TC10 is required for the plasma membrane surface exposure of MT1-MMP at these structures. By utilizing our Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor, we demonstrate the p190RhoGAP-dependent regulation of spatiotemporal TC10 activity at invadopodia. We identified a pathway that regulates invadopodia-associated TC10 activity and function through the activation of p190RhoGAP and the downstream interacting effector Exo70. Our findings reveal the role of a previously unknown regulator of vesicular fusion at invadopodia, TC10 GTPase, in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Hülsemann
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Polina V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Vera Des Marais
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Serena P H Mao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sara K Donnelly
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Segall
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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8
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Wu K, Wu H, Lyu W, Kim Y, Furdui CM, Anderson KS, Koleske AJ. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta activates Abl2 via direct binding and phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100883. [PMID: 34144039 PMCID: PMC8259415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abl family kinases are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases activated by diverse cellular stimuli that regulate cytoskeleton organization, morphogenesis, and adhesion. The catalytic activity of Abl family kinases is tightly regulated in cells by a complex set of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and post-translational modifications. For example, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), important for cell proliferation and chemotaxis, is a potent activator of Abl family kinases. However, the molecular mechanism by which PDGFRβ engages and activates Abl family kinases is not known. We show here that the Abl2 Src homology 2 domain directly binds to phosphotyrosine Y771 in the PDGFRβ cytoplasmic domain. PDGFRβ directly phosphorylates multiple novel sites on the N-terminal half of Abl2, including Y116, Y139, and Y161 within the Src homology 3 domain, and Y299, Y303, and Y310 on the kinase domain. Y116, Y161, Y272, and Y310 are all located at or near the Src homology 3/Src homology 2-kinase linker interface, which helps maintain Abl family kinases in an autoinhibited conformation. We also found that PDGFRβ-mediated phosphorylation of Abl2 in vitro activates Abl2 kinase activity, but mutation of these four tyrosines (Y116, Y161, Y272, and Y310) to phenylalanine abrogated PDGFRβ-mediated activation of Abl2. These findings reveal how PDGFRβ engages and phosphorylates Abl2 leading to activation of the kinase, providing a framework to understand how growth factor receptors engage and activate Abl family kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanlin Wu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wanqing Lyu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Youngjoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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9
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Luttman JH, Colemon A, Mayro B, Pendergast AM. Role of the ABL tyrosine kinases in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the metastatic cascade. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34022881 PMCID: PMC8140471 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABL kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, promote tumor progression and metastasis in various solid tumors. Recent reports have shown that ABL kinases have increased expression and/or activity in solid tumors and that ABL inactivation impairs metastasis. The therapeutic effects of ABL inactivation are due in part to ABL-dependent regulation of diverse cellular processes related to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and subsequent steps in the metastatic cascade. ABL kinases target multiple signaling pathways required for promoting one or more steps in the metastatic cascade. These findings highlight the potential utility of specific ABL kinase inhibitors as a novel treatment paradigm for patients with advanced metastatic disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hattaway Luttman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ashley Colemon
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Benjamin Mayro
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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10
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Amado-Azevedo J, van Stalborch AMD, Valent ET, Nawaz K, van Bezu J, Eringa EC, Hoevenaars FPM, De Cuyper IM, Hordijk PL, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Aman J, Margadant C. Depletion of Arg/Abl2 improves endothelial cell adhesion and prevents vascular leak during inflammation. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:677-693. [PMID: 33770321 PMCID: PMC7996118 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier disruption and vascular leak importantly contribute to organ dysfunction and mortality during inflammatory conditions like sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We identified the kinase Arg/Abl2 as a mediator of endothelial barrier disruption, but the role of Arg in endothelial monolayer regulation and its relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here we show that depletion of Arg in endothelial cells results in the activation of both RhoA and Rac1, increased cell spreading and elongation, redistribution of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions to the cell periphery, and improved adhesion to the extracellular matrix. We further show that Arg is activated in the endothelium during inflammation, both in murine lungs exposed to barrier-disruptive agents, and in pulmonary microvessels of septic patients. Importantly, Arg-depleted endothelial cells were less sensitive to barrier-disruptive agents. Despite the formation of F-actin stress fibers and myosin light chain phosphorylation, Arg depletion diminished adherens junction disruption and intercellular gap formation, by reducing the disassembly of cell-matrix adhesions and cell retraction. In vivo, genetic deletion of Arg diminished vascular leak in the skin and lungs, in the presence of a normal immune response. Together, our data indicate that Arg is a central and non-redundant regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, which contributes to cell retraction and gap formation by increasing the dynamics of adherens junctions and cell-matrix adhesions in a Rho GTPase-dependent fashion. Therapeutic inhibition of Arg may provide a suitable strategy for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions characterized by vascular leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik T Valent
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kalim Nawaz
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Coert Margadant
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Abl2:Cortactin Interactions Regulate Dendritic Spine Stability via Control of a Stable Filamentous Actin Pool. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3068-3081. [PMID: 33622779 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2472-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines act as the receptive contacts at most excitatory synapses. Spines are enriched in a network of actin filaments comprised of two kinetically distinct pools. The majority of spine actin is highly dynamic and regulates spine size, structural plasticity, and postsynaptic density organization. The remainder of the spine actin network is more stable, but the function of this minor actin population is not well understood, as tools to study it have not been available. Previous work has shown that disruption of the Abl2/Arg nonreceptor tyrosine kinase in mice compromises spine stability and size. Here, using cultured hippocampal neurons pooled from both sexes of mice, we provide evidence that binding to cortactin tethers Abl2 in spines, where Abl2 and cortactin maintain the small pool of stable actin required for dendritic spine stability. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of GFP-actin, we find that disruption of Abl2:cortactin interactions eliminates stable actin filaments in dendritic spines, significantly reducing spine density. A subset of spines remaining after Abl2 depletion retain their stable actin pool and undergo activity-dependent spine enlargement, associated with increased cortactin and GluN2B levels. Finally, tonic increases in synaptic activity rescue spine loss following Abl2 depletion by promoting cortactin enrichment in vulnerable spines. Together, our findings strongly suggest that Abl2:cortactin interactions promote spine stability by maintaining pools of stable actin filaments in spines.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dendritic spines contain two kinetically distinct pools of actin. The more abundant, highly dynamic pool regulates spine shape, size, and plasticity. The function of the smaller, stable actin network is not well understood, as tools to study it have not been available. We demonstrate here that Abl2 and its substrate and interaction partner, cortactin, are essential to maintain the stable pool in spines. Depletion of the stable actin pool via disruption of Abl2 or cortactin, or interactions between the proteins, significantly reduces spine stability. We also provide evidence that tonic increases in synaptic activity promote spine stability via enrichment of cortactin in spines, suggesting that synaptic activity acts on the stable actin pool to stabilize dendritic spines.
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12
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Creeden JF, Alganem K, Imami AS, Henkel ND, Brunicardi FC, Liu SH, Shukla R, Tomar T, Naji F, McCullumsmith RE. Emerging Kinase Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Cancer Desmoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228823. [PMID: 33233470 PMCID: PMC7700673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase drug discovery represents an active area of therapeutic research, with previous pharmaceutical success improving patient outcomes across a wide variety of human diseases. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as kinase targeting have been unable to appreciably increase patient survival. This may be due, in part, to unchecked desmoplastic reactions to pancreatic tumors. Desmoplastic stroma enhances tumor development and progression while simultaneously restricting drug delivery to the tumor cells it protects. Emerging evidence indicates that many of the pathologic fibrotic processes directly or indirectly supporting desmoplasia may be driven by targetable protein tyrosine kinases such as Fyn-related kinase (FRK); B lymphoid kinase (BLK); hemopoietic cell kinase (HCK); ABL proto-oncogene 2 kinase (ABL2); discoidin domain receptor 1 kinase (DDR1); Lck/Yes-related novel kinase (LYN); ephrin receptor A8 kinase (EPHA8); FYN proto-oncogene kinase (FYN); lymphocyte cell-specific kinase (LCK); tec protein kinase (TEC). Herein, we review literature related to these kinases and posit signaling networks, mechanisms, and biochemical relationships by which this group may contribute to PDAC tumor growth and desmoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F. Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6474
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Ali S. Imami
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Nicholas D. Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - F. Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Shi-He Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (F.C.B.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Tushar Tomar
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Faris Naji
- PamGene International BV, 5200 BJ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.T.); (F.N.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (K.A.); (A.S.I.); (N.D.H.); (R.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 6038, USA
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13
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Gu JJ, Hoj J, Rouse C, Pendergast AM. Mesenchymal stem cells promote metastasis through activation of an ABL-MMP9 signaling axis in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241423. [PMID: 33119681 PMCID: PMC7595271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited and activated by solid tumors and play a role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here we show that MSCs promote metastasis in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. MSCs elicit transcriptional alterations in lung cancer cells leading to increased expression of factors implicated in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and secreted proteins including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). MSCs enhance secretion of enzymatically active MMP9 in a panel of lung adenocarcinoma cells. High expression of MMP9 is linked to low survival rates in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Notably, we found that ABL tyrosine kinases are activated in MSC-primed lung cancer cells and functional ABL kinases are required for MSC-induced MMP9 expression, secretion and proteolytic activity. Importantly, ABL kinases are required for MSC-induced NSCLC metastasis. These data reveal an actionable target for inhibiting MSC-induced metastatic activity of lung adenocarcinoma cells through disruption of an ABL kinase-MMP9 signaling axis activated in MSC-primed lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Clay Rouse
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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14
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Jaudon F, Thalhammer A, Cingolani LA. Integrin adhesion in brain assembly: From molecular structure to neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3831-3850. [PMID: 32531845 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are extracellular matrix receptors that mediate biochemical and mechanical bi-directional signals between the extracellular and intracellular environment of a cell thanks to allosteric conformational changes. In the brain, they are found in both neurons and glial cells, where they play essential roles in several aspects of brain development and function, such as cell migration, axon guidance, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neuro-inflammation. Although there are many successful examples of how regulating integrin adhesion and signaling can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example for halting tumor progression, this is not the case for the brain, where the growing evidence of the importance of integrins for brain pathophysiology has not translated yet into medical applications. Here, we review recent literature showing how alterations in integrin structure, expression and signaling may be involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, depression and Alzheimer's disease. We focus on common mechanisms and recurrent signaling pathways, trying to bridge studies on the genetics and molecular structure of integrins with those on synaptic physiology and brain pathology. Further, we discuss integrin-targeting strategies and their potential benefits for therapeutic purposes in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jaudon
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agnes Thalhammer
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Cingolani
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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15
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Hiepen C, Jatzlau J, Hildebrandt S, Kampfrath B, Goktas M, Murgai A, Cuellar Camacho JL, Haag R, Ruppert C, Sengle G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Blank KG, Knaus P. BMPR2 acts as a gatekeeper to protect endothelial cells from increased TGFβ responses and altered cell mechanics. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000557. [PMID: 31826007 PMCID: PMC6927666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling is essential for tissue formation and homeostasis. While gain in TGFβ signaling is often found in diseases, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we show that the receptor BMP type 2 (BMPR2) serves as a central gatekeeper of this balance, highlighted by its deregulation in diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We show that BMPR2 deficiency in endothelial cells (ECs) does not abolish pan-BMP-SMAD1/5 responses but instead favors the formation of mixed-heteromeric receptor complexes comprising BMPR1/TGFβR1/TGFβR2 that enable enhanced cellular responses toward TGFβ. These include canonical TGFβ-SMAD2/3 and lateral TGFβ-SMAD1/5 signaling as well as formation of mixed SMAD complexes. Moreover, BMPR2-deficient cells express genes indicative of altered biophysical properties, including up-regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and of integrins. As such, we identified accumulation of ectopic FBN1 fibers remodeled with fibronectin (FN) in junctions of BMPR2-deficient ECs. Ectopic FBN1 deposits were also found in proximity to contractile intimal cells in pulmonary artery lesions of BMPR2-deficient heritable PAH (HPAH) patients. In BMPR2-deficient cells, we show that ectopic FBN1 is accompanied by active β1-integrin highly abundant in integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mechano-complexes at cell junctions. Increased integrin-dependent adhesion, spreading, and actomyosin-dependent contractility facilitates the retrieval of active TGFβ from its latent fibrillin-bound depots. We propose that loss of BMPR2 favors endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) allowing cells of myo-fibroblastic character to create a vicious feed-forward process leading to hyperactivated TGFβ signaling. In summary, our findings highlight a crucial role for BMPR2 as a gatekeeper of endothelial homeostasis protecting cells from increased TGFβ responses and integrin-mediated mechano-transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hiepen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hildebrandt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melis Goktas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Mechano(bio)chemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arunima Murgai
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Clinic II, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- University of Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin G. Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Mechano(bio)chemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Hu Y, Lyu W, Lowery LA, Koleske AJ. Regulation of MT dynamics via direct binding of an Abl family kinase. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3986-3997. [PMID: 31699690 PMCID: PMC6891085 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies revealed that Abl family kinases interact functionally with microtubules, but the mechanism by which Abl kinases regulate microtubules remains unclear. Hu et al. provide the first evidence that the Abl family kinase Abl2 directly binds microtubules to regulate microtubule dynamics. Abl family kinases are essential regulators of cell shape and movement. Genetic studies revealed functional interactions between Abl kinases and microtubules (MTs), but the mechanism by which Abl family kinases regulate MTs remains unclear. Here, we report that Abl2 directly binds to MTs and regulates MT behaviors. Abl2 uses its C-terminal half to bind MTs, an interaction mediated in part through electrostatic binding to tubulin C-terminal tails. Using purified proteins, we found that Abl2 binds growing MTs and promotes MT polymerization and stability. In cells, knockout of Abl2 significantly impairs MT growth, and this defect can be rescued via reexpression of Abl2. Stable reexpression of an Abl2 fragment containing the MT-binding domain alone was sufficient to restore MT growth at the cell edge. These results show Abl2 uses its C-terminal half to bind MTs and directly regulate MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Wanqing Lyu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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17
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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18
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Zhang K, Lyu W, Yu J, Koleske AJ. Abl2 is recruited to ventral actin waves through cytoskeletal interactions to promote lamellipodium extension. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2863-2873. [PMID: 30256707 PMCID: PMC6249870 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abl family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases regulate changes in cell shape and migration. Abl2 localizes to dynamic actin-rich protrusions, such as lamellipodia in fibroblasts and dendritic spines in neurons. Abl2 interactions with cortactin, an actin filament stabilizer, are crucial for the formation and stability of actin-rich structures, but Abl2:cortactin-positive structures have not been characterized with high spatiotemporal resolution in cells. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that Abl2 colocalizes with cortactin at wave-like structures within lamellum and lamellipodium tips. Abl2 and cortactin within waves are focal and transient, extend to the outer edge of lamella, and serve as the base for lamellipodia protrusions. Abl2-positive foci colocalize with integrin β3 and paxillin, adhesive markers of the lamellum-lamellipodium interface. Cortactin-positive waves still form in Abl2 knockout cells, but the lamellipodium size is significantly reduced. This deficiency is restored following Abl2 reexpression. Complementation analyses revealed that the Abl2 C-terminal half, which contains domains that bind actin and microtubules, is necessary and sufficient for recruitment to the wave-like structures and to support normal lamellipodium size, while the kinase domain-containing N-terminal half does not impact lamellipodium size. Together, this work demonstrates that Abl2 is recruited with cortactin to actin waves through cytoskeletal interactions to promote lamellipodium extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Wanqing Lyu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ji Yu
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Anthony J. Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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19
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Abstract
The formation of correct synaptic structures and neuronal connections is paramount for normal brain development and a functioning adult brain. The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors and their ligands play essential roles in the control of several processes regulating neuronal connectivity - including neurite outgrowth, the formation and maintenance of synapses, and synaptic plasticity - that are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. Many ASD- and schizophrenia-associated genes are linked to alterations in the genetic code of integrins and associated signalling pathways. In non-neuronal cells, crosstalk between integrin-mediated adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and the regulation of integrin activity (affinity for extracellular ligands) are widely studied in healthy and pathological settings. In contrast, the roles of integrin-linked pathways in the central nervous system remains less well defined. In this Review, we will provide an overview of the known pathways that are regulated by integrin-ECM interaction in developing neurons and in adult brain. We will also describe recent advances in the identification of mechanisms that regulate integrin activity in neurons, and highlight the interesting emerging links between integrins and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lilja
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland
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20
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Omar MH, Kerrisk Campbell M, Xiao X, Zhong Q, Brunken WJ, Miner JH, Greer CA, Koleske AJ. CNS Neurons Deposit Laminin α5 to Stabilize Synapses. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1281-1292. [PMID: 29091766 PMCID: PMC5776391 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses in the developing brain are structurally dynamic but become stable by early adulthood. We demonstrate here that an α5-subunit-containing laminin stabilizes synapses during this developmental transition. Hippocampal neurons deposit laminin α5 at synapses during adolescence as connections stabilize. Disruption of laminin α5 in neurons causes dramatic fluctuations in dendritic spine head size that can be rescued by exogenous α5-containing laminin. Conditional deletion of laminin α5 in vivo increases dendritic spine size and leads to an age-dependent loss of synapses accompanied by behavioral defects. Remaining synapses have larger postsynaptic densities and enhanced neurotransmission. Finally, we provide evidence that laminin α5 acts through an integrin α3β1-Abl2 kinase-p190RhoGAP signaling cascade and partners with laminin β2 to regulate dendritic spine density and behavior. Together, our results identify laminin α5 as a stabilizer of dendritic spines and synapses in the brain and elucidate key cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Omar
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Meghan Kerrisk Campbell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qiaonan Zhong
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William J Brunken
- Department of Ophthalmology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Greer
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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21
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Sehgal P, Kong X, Wu J, Sunyer R, Trepat X, Leckband D. Epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins control force-dependent vinculin recruitment to E-cadherin junctions. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs206656. [PMID: 29487179 PMCID: PMC5897709 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports novel findings that link E-cadherin (also known as CDH1)-mediated force-transduction signaling to vinculin targeting to intercellular junctions via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and integrins. These results build on previous findings that demonstrated that mechanically perturbed E-cadherin receptors activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and downstream integrins in an EGFR-dependent manner. Results of this study show that this EGFR-mediated kinase cascade controls the force-dependent recruitment of vinculin to stressed E-cadherin complexes - a key early signature of cadherin-based mechanotransduction. Vinculin targeting requires its phosphorylation at tyrosine 822 by Abl family kinases (hereafter Abl), but the origin of force-dependent Abl activation had not been identified. We now present evidence that integrin activation, which is downstream of EGFR signaling, controls Abl activation, thus linking E-cadherin to Abl through a mechanosensitive signaling network. These findings place EGFR and integrins at the center of a positive-feedback loop, through which force-activated E-cadherin signals regulate vinculin recruitment to cadherin complexes in response to increased intercellular tension.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sehgal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain 08028
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain 08028
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain 08028
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain 08028
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain 08028
| | - Deborah Leckband
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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22
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina F, Iwamoto DV, Kromann EB, Toomre D, Calderwood DA. Novel ecto-tagged integrins reveal their trafficking in live cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:570. [PMID: 28924207 PMCID: PMC5603536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are abundant heterodimeric cell-surface adhesion receptors essential in multicellular organisms. Integrin function is dynamically modulated by endo-exocytic trafficking, however, major mysteries remain about where, when, and how this occurs in living cells. To address this, here we report the generation of functional recombinant β1 integrins with traceable tags inserted in an extracellular loop. We demonstrate that these ‘ecto-tagged’ integrins are cell-surface expressed, localize to adhesions, exhibit normal integrin activation, and restore adhesion in β1 integrin knockout fibroblasts. Importantly, β1 integrins containing an extracellular pH-sensitive pHluorin tag allow direct visualization of integrin exocytosis in live cells and revealed targeted delivery of integrin vesicles to focal adhesions. Further, using β1 integrins containing a HaloTag in combination with membrane-permeant and -impermeant Halo dyes allows imaging of integrin endocytosis and recycling. Thus, ecto-tagged integrins provide novel powerful tools to characterize integrin function and trafficking. Integrins are cell-surface adhesion receptors that are modulated by endo-exocytic trafficking, but existing tools to study this process can interfere with function. Here the authors develop β1 integrins carrying traceable tags in the extracellular domain; a pH-sensitive pHlourin tag or a HaloTag to facilitate dye attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Huet-Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel V Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Emil B Kromann
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
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23
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Diaz JE, Morgan CW, Minogue CE, Hebert AS, Coon JJ, Wells JA. A Split-Abl Kinase for Direct Activation in Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1250-1258.e4. [PMID: 28919041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To dissect the cellular roles of individual kinases, it is useful to design tools for their selective activation. We describe the engineering of a split-cAbl kinase (sKin-Abl) that is rapidly activated in cells with rapamycin and allows temporal, dose, and compartmentalization control. Our design strategy involves an empirical screen in mammalian cells and identification of split site in the N lobe. This split site leads to complete loss of activity, which can be restored upon small-molecule-induced dimerization in cells. Remarkably, the split site is transportable to the related Src Tyr kinase and the distantly related Ser/Thr kinase, AKT, suggesting broader applications to kinases. To quantify the fold induction of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) modification, we employed quantitative proteomics, NeuCode SILAC. We identified a number of known Abl substrates, including autophosphorylation sites and novel pTyr targets, 432 pTyr sites in total. We believe that this split-kinase technology will be useful for direct activation of protein kinases in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Diaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles W Morgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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24
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Miller MB, Yan Y, Machida K, Kiraly DD, Levy AD, Wu YI, Lam TT, Abbott T, Koleske AJ, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Brain Region and Isoform-Specific Phosphorylation Alters Kalirin SH2 Domain Interaction Sites and Calpain Sensitivity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1554-1569. [PMID: 28418645 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalirin7 (Kal7), a postsynaptic Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor (RhoGEF), plays a crucial role in long-term potentiation and in the effects of cocaine on behavior and spine morphology. The KALRN gene has been linked to schizophrenia and other disorders of synaptic function. Mass spectrometry was used to quantify phosphorylation at 26 sites in Kal7 from individual adult rat nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex before and after exposure to acute or chronic cocaine. Region- and isoform-specific phosphorylation was observed along with region-specific effects of cocaine on Kal7 phosphorylation. Evaluation of the functional significance of multisite phosphorylation in a complex protein like Kalirin is difficult. With the identification of five tyrosine phosphorylation (pY) sites, a panel of 71 SH2 domains was screened, identifying subsets that interacted with multiple pY sites in Kal7. In addition to this type of reversible interaction, endoproteolytic cleavage by calpain plays an essential role in long-term potentiation. Calpain cleaved Kal7 at two sites, separating the N-terminal domain, which affects spine length, and the PDZ binding motif from the GEF domain. Mutations preventing phosphorylation did not affect calpain sensitivity or GEF activity; phosphomimetic mutations at specific sites altered protein stability, increased calpain sensitivity, and reduced GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Drew D. Kiraly
- Department
of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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25
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Head and neck cancer cell radiosensitization upon dual targeting of c-Abl and beta1-integrin. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:370-378. [PMID: 28578803 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) critically contributes to cancer cell therapy resistance and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. c-Abl tyrosine kinase has been linked to both of these processes. Based on our previous findings indicating c-Abl hyperphosphorylation on tyrosine (Y) 412 and threonine (T) 735 upon beta1-integrin inhibition, we hypothesized c-Abl tyrosine kinase as an important mediator of beta1-integrin signaling for radioresistance. In a panel of 8 cell lines from different solid cancer types grown in 3D laminin-rich ECM cultures, we targeted beta1 integrin with AIIB2 (mAb) and c-Abl with Imatinib with and without X-ray irradiation and subsequently examined clonogenic survival, residual DSBs, protein expression and phosphorylation. Single or combined treatment with AIIB2 and Imatinib resulted in cell line-dependent cytotoxicity. Intriguingly, we identified a subgroup of this cell line panel that responded with a higher degree of radiosensitization to AIIB2/Imatinib relative to both single treatments. In this subgroup, we observed a non-statistically significant trend between the radioresponse and phospho-c-Abl Y412. Mechanistically, impairment of DNA repair seems to be associated with radiosensitization upon AIIB2/Imatinib and AIIB2/Imatinib-related radiosensitization could be reduced by exogenous overexpression of either wildtype or constitutively active c-Abl forms relative to controls. Our data generated in more physiological 3D cancer cell culture models suggest c-Abl as further determinant of radioresistance and DNA repair downstream of beta1-integrin. For solid cancers, c-Abl phosphorylation status might be an indicator for reasonable Imatinib application as adjuvant for conventional radio(chemo)therapy.
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26
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Shapiro LP, Parsons RG, Koleske AJ, Gourley SL. Differential expression of cytoskeletal regulatory factors in the adolescent prefrontal cortex: Implications for cortical development. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1123-1143. [PMID: 27735056 PMCID: PMC5352542 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and drug and alcohol use disorders peaks during adolescence. Further, up to 50% of "adult" mental health disorders emerge in adolescence. During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes dramatic structural reorganization, in which dendritic spines and synapses are refined, pruned, and stabilized. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie these processes should help to identify factors that influence the development of psychiatric illness. Here we briefly discuss the anatomical connections of the medial and orbital prefrontal cortex (mPFC and OFC, respectively). We then present original findings suggesting that dendritic spines on deep-layer excitatory neurons in the mouse mPFC and OFC prune at different adolescent ages, with later pruning in the OFC. In parallel, we used Western blotting to define levels of several cytoskeletal regulatory proteins during early, mid-, and late adolescence, focusing on tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) and β1-integrin-containing receptors and select signaling partners. We identified regional differences in the levels of several proteins in early and midadolescence that then converged in early adulthood. We also observed age-related differences in TrkB levels, both full-length and truncated isoforms, Rho-kinase 2, and synaptophysin in both PFC subregions. Finally, we identified changes in protein levels in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus that were distinct from those in the PFC. We conclude with a general review of the manner in which TrkB- and β1-integrin-mediated signaling influences neuronal structure in the postnatal brain. Elucidating the role of cytoskeletal regulatory factors throughout adolescence may identify critical mechanisms of PFC development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Shapiro
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ryan G Parsons
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Graduate Program in Integrative Neuroscience, Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Neurobiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Tumor Cell Invadopodia: Invasive Protrusions that Orchestrate Metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:595-607. [PMID: 28412099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are a subset of invadosomes that are implicated in the integration of signals from the tumor microenvironment to support tumor cell invasion and dissemination. Recent progress has begun to define how tumor cells regulate the plasticity necessary for invadopodia to assemble and function efficiently in the different microenvironments encountered during dissemination in vivo. Exquisite mapping by many laboratories of the pathways involved in integrating diverse invadopodium initiation signals, from growth factors, to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell contact in the tumor microenvironment, has led to insight into the molecular basis of this plasticity. Here, we integrate this new information to discuss how the invadopodium is an important conductor that orchestrates tumor cell dissemination during metastasis.
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28
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Teng PN, Bateman NW, Wang G, Litzi T, Blanton BE, Hood BL, Conrads KA, Ao W, Oliver KE, Darcy KM, McGuire WP, Paz K, Sidransky D, Hamilton CA, Maxwell GL, Conrads TP. Establishment and characterization of a platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant high grade serous ovarian carcinoma cell line. Hum Cell 2017; 30:226-236. [PMID: 28251557 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients have a high recurrence rate after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy due to inherent or acquired drug resistance. Cell lines derived from HGSOC tumors that are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents represent useful pre-clinical models for drug discovery. Here, we describe establishment of a human ovarian carcinoma cell line, which we term WHIRC01, from a patient-derived mouse xenograft established from a chemorefractory HGSOC patient who did not respond to carboplatin and paclitaxel therapy. This newly derived cell line is platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant with cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel half-maximal lethal doses of 15, 130, and 20 µM, respectively. Molecular characterization of this cell line was performed using targeted DNA exome sequencing, transcriptomics (RNA-seq), and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses. Results from exomic sequencing revealed mutations in TP53 consistent with HGSOC. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of WHIRC01 showed high level of alpha-enolase and vimentin, which are associated with cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. WHIRC01 represents a chemorefractory human HGSOC cell line model with a comprehensive molecular profile to aid future investigations of drug resistance mechanisms and screening of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Ning Teng
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA.,The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guisong Wang
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Tracy Litzi
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Brian E Blanton
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Brian L Hood
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Wei Ao
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Kate E Oliver
- Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA.,The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William P McGuire
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Keren Paz
- Champions Oncology, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA.,The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA.,The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Center for Personalized Health, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA. .,The John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Center for Personalized Health, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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29
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Mena INV dysregulates cortactin phosphorylation to promote invadopodium maturation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36142. [PMID: 27824079 PMCID: PMC5099927 DOI: 10.1038/srep36142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia, actin-based protrusions of invasive carcinoma cells that focally activate extracellular matrix-degrading proteases, are essential for the migration and intravasation of tumor cells during dissemination from the primary tumor. We have previously shown that cortactin phosphorylation at tyrosine residues, in particular tyrosine 421, promotes actin polymerization at newly-forming invadopodia, promoting their maturation to matrix-degrading structures. However, the mechanism by which cells regulate the cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle at invadopodia is unknown. Mena, an actin barbed-end capping protein antagonist, is expressed as various splice-isoforms. The MenaINV isoform is upregulated in migratory and invasive sub-populations of breast carcinoma cells, and is involved in tumor cell intravasation. Here we show that forced MenaINV expression increases invadopodium maturation to a far greater extent than equivalent expression of other Mena isoforms. MenaINV is recruited to invadopodium precursors just after their initial assembly at the plasma membrane, and promotes the phosphorylation of cortactin tyrosine 421 at invadopodia. In addition, we show that cortactin phosphorylation at tyrosine 421 is suppressed by the phosphatase PTP1B, and that PTP1B localization to the invadopodium is reduced by MenaINV expression. We conclude that MenaINV promotes invadopodium maturation by inhibiting normal dephosphorylation of cortactin at tyrosine 421 by the phosphatase PTP1B.
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Abstract
Integrins are a large family of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors. In the developing and adult brain, many integrins are present at high levels at synapses. The tetrapartite structure of synapses - which comprises presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, the ECM and glial processes - places synaptic integrins in an excellent position to sense dynamic changes in the synaptic environment and use this information to coordinate further changes in synapse structure and function that will shape neural circuit properties. Recent developments in our understanding of the cellular and physiological roles of integrins, which range from control of neural process outgrowth and synapse formation to regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory, enable us to attempt a synthesis of synaptic integrin function.
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31
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Fan Z, Ley K. Leukocyte arrest: Biomechanics and molecular mechanisms of β2 integrin activation. Biorheology 2016; 52:353-77. [PMID: 26684674 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play essential roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Integrins are important in many physiological processes and diseases. Integrins acquire affinity to their ligand by undergoing molecular conformational changes called activation. Here we review the molecular biomechanics during conformational changes of integrins, integrin functions in leukocyte biorheology (adhesive functions during rolling and arrest) and molecules involved in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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32
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Abstract
The Abelson tyrosine kinases were initially identified as drivers of leukemia in mice and humans. The Abl family kinases Abl1 and Abl2 regulate diverse cellular processes during development and normal homeostasis, and their functions are subverted during inflammation, cancer and other pathologies. Abl kinases can be activated by multiple stimuli leading to cytoskeletal reorganization required for cell morphogenesis, motility, adhesion and polarity. Depending on the cellular context, Abl kinases regulate cell survival and proliferation. Emerging data support important roles for Abl kinases in pathologies linked to inflammation. Among these are neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory pathologies. Unexpectedly, Abl kinases have also been identified as important players in mammalian host cells during microbial pathogenesis. Thus, the use of Abl kinase inhibitors might prove to be effective in the treatment of pathologies beyond leukemia and solid tumors. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and in the accompanying poster, we highlight the emerging roles of Abl kinases in the regulation of cellular processes in normal cells and diverse pathologies ranging from cancer to microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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33
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Wetzel DM, Rhodes EL, Li S, McMahon-Pratt D, Koleske AJ. The Src kinases Hck, Fgr and Lyn activate Arg to facilitate IgG-mediated phagocytosis and Leishmania infection. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3130-43. [PMID: 27358479 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a devastating disease that disfigures or kills nearly two million people each year. Establishment and persistence of infection by the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania requires repeated uptake by macrophages and other phagocytes. Therefore, preventing uptake could be a novel therapeutic strategy for leishmaniasis. Amastigotes, the life cycle stage found in the human host, bind Fc receptors and enter macrophages primarily through immunoglobulin-mediated phagocytosis. However, the host machinery that mediates amastigote uptake is poorly understood. We have previously shown that the Arg (also known as Abl2) non-receptor tyrosine kinase facilitates L. amazonensis amastigote uptake by macrophages. Using small-molecule inhibitors and primary macrophages lacking specific Src family kinases, we now demonstrate that the Hck, Fgr and Lyn kinases are also necessary for amastigote uptake by macrophages. Src-mediated Arg activation is required for efficient uptake. Interestingly, the dual Arg and Src kinase inhibitor bosutinib, which is approved to treat cancer, not only decreases amastigote uptake, but also significantly reduces disease severity and parasite burden in Leishmania-infected mice. Our results suggest that leishmaniasis could potentially be treated with host-cell-active agents such as kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wetzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emma L Rhodes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Diane McMahon-Pratt
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale University, CT 06520, USA Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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34
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) upregulates β1 integrin and increases migration of human trophoblast Swan 71 cells via PI3K and MAPK activation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:125-34. [PMID: 26992288 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cytokines and growth factors expressed at the fetal-maternal interface are involved in the regulation of trophoblast functions and placental growth, but the role of G-CSF has not been completely established. Based on our previous study showing that G-CSF increases the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and the release of vascular endothelial growth factor in Swan 71 human trophoblast cells, in this work we explore the possible contribution of G-CSF to cell migration and the G-CSF-triggered signaling pathway. We found that G-CSF induced morphological changes on actin cytoskeleton consistent with a migratory cell phenotype. G-CSF also up-regulated the expression levels of β1 integrin and promoted Swan 71 cell migration. By using selective pharmacological inhibitors and dominant negative mutants we showed that PI3K, Erk 1/2 and p38 pathways are required for promoting Swan 71 cell motility. It was also demonstrated that PI3K behaved as an upstream regulator of Erk 1/2 and p38 MAPK. In addition, the increase of β1 integrin expression was dependent on PI3K activation. In conclusion, our results indicate that G-CSF stimulates β1 integrin expression and Swan 71 cell migration by activating PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that G-CSF should be considered as an additional regulatory factor that contributes to a successful embryo implantation and to the placenta development.
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35
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Li R, Knight JF, Park M, Pendergast AM. Abl Kinases Regulate HGF/Met Signaling Required for Epithelial Cell Scattering, Tubulogenesis and Motility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124960. [PMID: 25946048 PMCID: PMC4422589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is crucial for normal development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of RTKs signaling is associated with diverse pathological conditions including cancer. The Met RTK is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and is dysregulated in numerous human tumors. Here we show that Abl family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, comprised of Abl (ABL1) and Arg (ABL2), are activated downstream of the Met receptor, and that inhibition of Abl kinases dramatically suppresses HGF-induced cell scattering and tubulogenesis. We uncover a critical role for Abl kinases in the regulation of HGF/Met-dependent RhoA activation and RhoA-mediated actomyosin contractility and actin cytoskeleton remodeling in epithelial cells. Moreover, treatment of breast cancer cells with Abl inhibitors markedly decreases Met-driven cell migration and invasion. Notably, expression of a transforming mutant of the Met receptor in the mouse mammary epithelium results in hyper-activation of both Abl and Arg kinases. Together these data demonstrate that Abl kinases link Met activation to Rho signaling and Abl kinases are required for Met-dependent cell scattering, tubulogenesis, migration, and invasion. Thus, inhibition of Abl kinases might be exploited for the treatment of cancers driven by hyperactivation of HGF/Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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