1
|
Shrager JB, Randle R, Lee M, Ahmed SS, Trope W, Lui N, Poultsides G, Liou D, Visser B, Norton JA, Nesbit SM, He H, Kapula N, Wallen B, Fatodu E, Sadeghi CA, Konsker HB, Elliott I, Guenthart B, Backhus L, Cooke R, Berry M, Tang H. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib rapidly increases contractile force in human skeletal muscle. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402885. [PMID: 39122555 PMCID: PMC11316201 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduction in muscle contractile force associated with many clinical conditions incurs serious morbidity and increased mortality. Here, we report the first evidence that JAK inhibition impacts contractile force in normal human muscle. Muscle biopsies were taken from patients who were randomized to receive tofacitinib (n = 16) or placebo (n = 17) for 48 h. Single-fiber contractile force and molecular studies were carried out. The contractile force of individual diaphragm myofibers pooled from the tofacitinib group (n = 248 fibers) was significantly higher than those from the placebo group (n = 238 fibers), with a 15.7% greater mean maximum specific force (P = 0.0016). Tofacitinib treatment similarly increased fiber force in the serratus anterior muscle. The increased force was associated with reduced muscle protein oxidation and FoxO-ubiquitination-proteasome signaling, and increased levels of smooth muscle MYLK. Inhibition of MYLK attenuated the tofacitinib-dependent increase in fiber force. These data demonstrate that tofacitinib increases the contractile force of skeletal muscle and offers several underlying mechanisms. Inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway is thus a potential new therapy for the muscle dysfunction that occurs in many clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Shrager
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Randle
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Myung Lee
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Syed Saadan Ahmed
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Winston Trope
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Lui
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George Poultsides
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Doug Liou
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Visser
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Nesbit
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hao He
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ntemena Kapula
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bailey Wallen
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Fatodu
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cheyenne A Sadeghi
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harrison B Konsker
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Guenthart
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leah Backhus
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Roger Cooke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Berry
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huibin Tang
- https://ror.org/00f54p054 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agca S, Kir S. EDA2R-NIK signaling in cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:126-131. [PMID: 38801457 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cachexia is a debilitating condition causing weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting that negatively influences treatment and survival of cancer patients. The objective of this review is to describe recent discoveries on the role of a novel signaling pathway involving ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-inducing kinase (NIK) in muscle atrophy. RECENT FINDINGS Studies identified tumor-induced upregulation of EDA2R expression in muscle tissues in pre-clinical cachexia models and patients with various cancers. Activation of EDA2R by its ligand promoted atrophy in cultured myotubes and muscle tissue, which depended on NIK activity. The non-canonical NFκB pathway via NIK also stimulated muscle atrophy. Mice lacking EDA2R or NIK were protected from muscle loss due to tumors. Tumor-induced cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) upregulated EDA2R expression in muscles whereas OSM receptor-deficient mice were resistant to muscle wasting. SUMMARY Recent discoveries revealed a mechanism involving EDA2R-NIK signaling and OSM that drives cancer-associated muscle loss, opening up new directions for designing anti-cachexia treatments. The therapeutic potential of targeting this mechanism to prevent muscle loss should be further investigated. Future research should also explore broader implications of the EDA2R-NIK pathway in other muscle wasting diseases and overall muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhaoyu L, Xiaomeng Y, Na L, Jiamin S, Guanhua D, Xiuying Y. Roles of natural products on myokine expression and secretion in skeletal muscle atrophy. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 355:114550. [PMID: 38768928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles serve both in movement and as endocrine organs. Myokines secreted by skeletal muscles activate biological functions within muscles and throughout the body via autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine pathways. Skeletal muscle atrophy can influence myokine expression and secretion, while myokines can impact the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Regulating the expression and secretion of myokines through the pharmacological approach is a strategy for alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy. Natural products possess complex structures and chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that various natural products exert beneficial effects on skeletal muscle atrophy. This article reviewed the regulatory effects of natural products on myokines and summarized the research progress on skeletal muscle atrophy associated with myokine regulation. The focus is on how small-molecule natural products affect the regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin, IGF-1, and FGF-21 expression. We contend that the development of small-molecule natural products targeting the regulation of myokines holds promise in combating skeletal muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhaoyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ye Xiaomeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Li Na
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shang Jiamin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Du Guanhua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Yang Xiuying
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang K, Li J, Xu J, Shen Z, Lin Y, Zhao C, Lu X, Rui Y, Gao W. RBP4 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy through STRA6-dependent pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1601-1615. [PMID: 39031684 PMCID: PMC11294031 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Fat infiltration of skeletal muscle has been recognized as a common feature of many degenerative muscle disorders. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine that has been demonstrated to be correlated with the presence and severity of sarcopenia in the elderly. However, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of RBP4 in muscle atrophy remains unclear. METHODS Denervation-induced muscle atrophy model was constructed in wild-type and RBP4 knockout mice. To modify the expression of RBP4, mice were received intramuscular injection of retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4), retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) or oral gavage of RBP4 inhibitor A1120. Holo-RBP4-stimulated C2C12 myotubes were treated with siRNAs or specific inhibitors targeting signalling receptor and transporter of retinol 6 (STRA6)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Fat accumulation, myofibre cross-sectional area, myotube diameter and the expression of muscle atrophy markers and myogenesis markers were analysed. RESULTS The expression levels of RBP4 in skeletal muscles were significantly up-regulated more than 2-fold from 7 days and sustained for 28 days after denervation. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that increased RBP4 was localized in the infiltrated fatty region in denervated skeletal muscles. Knockout of RBP4 alleviated denervation-induced fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy together with decreased expression of atrophy marker Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 as well as increased expression of myogenesis regulators MyoD and MyoG. By contrast, injection of retinol-bound holo-RBP4 aggregated denervation-induced ectopic fat accumulation and muscle atrophy. Consistently, holo-RBP4 stimulation also had a dose-dependent effect on the reduction of C2C12 myotube diameter and myofibre cross-sectional area, as well as on the increase of Atrogin-1and MuRF1 expression and decrease of MyoD and MyoG expression. Mechanistically, holo-RBP4 treatment increased the expression of its membrane receptor STRA6 (>3-fold) and promoted the phosphorylation of downstream JAK2 and STAT3. Inhibition of STRA6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway either by specific siRNAs or inhibitors could decrease the expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 (>50%) and decrease the expression of MyoD and MyoG (>3-fold) in holo-RBP4-treated C2C12 myotube. RBP4 specific pharmacological antagonist A1120 significantly inhibited the activation of STRA6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, ameliorated ectopic fat infiltration and protected against denervation-induced muscle atrophy (30% increased myofibre cross-sectional area) in mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data reveal that RBP4 promotes fat infiltration and muscle atrophy through a STRA6-dependent and JAK2/STAT3 pathway-mediated mechanism in denervated skeletal muscle. Our results suggest that lowering RBP4 levels might serve as a promising therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang‐Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNo. 87 DingjiaqiaoNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jia‐Wen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNo. 87 DingjiaqiaoNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jin‐Shui Xu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Zheng‐Kai Shen
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Yu‐Shuang Lin
- Department of GeriatricsSir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of GeriatricsSir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of GeriatricsSir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yun‐Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNo. 87 DingjiaqiaoNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNo. 87 DingjiaqiaoNanjingJiangsuChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu JJ, Zhang SY, Mu L, Dong ZG, Zhang YJ. Heyingwuzi formulation alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1317-1339. [PMID: 38983802 PMCID: PMC11229969 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary cause of visual problems in patients with diabetes. The Heyingwuzi formulation (HYWZF) is effective against DR. AIM To determine the HYWZF prevention mechanisms, especially those underlying mitophagy. METHODS Human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) were treated with high glucose (hg), HYWZF serum, PX-478, or Mdivi-1 in vitro. Then, cell counting kit-8, transwell, and tube formation assays were used to evaluate HRCEC proliferation, invasion, and tube formation, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology, and Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice were established in vivo using streptozotocin and treated with HYWZF for four weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored continuously. Changes in retinal characteristics were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, tar violet, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Protein levels in retinal tissues were determined via Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunostaining. RESULTS HYWZF inhibited excessive ROS production, apoptosis, tube formation, and invasion in hg-induced HRCECs via mitochondrial autophagy in vitro. It increased the mRNA expression levels of BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), FUN14 domain-containing 1, BNIP3-like (BNIP3L, also known as NIX), PARKIN, PTEN-induced kinase 1, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Moreover, it downregulated the protein levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and increased the light chain 3-II/I ratio. However, PX-478 and Mdivi-1 reversed these effects. Additionally, PX-478 and Mdivi-1 rescued the effects of HYWZF by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis and increasing mitophagy. HYWZF intervention improved the symptoms of diabetes, tissue damage, number of acellular capillaries, and oxidative stress in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed the results of in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION HYWZF alleviated DR and associated damage by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Massart IS, Kouakou A, Pelet N, Lause P, Schakman O, Loumaye A, Abou‐Samra M, Deldicque L, Bindels LB, Brichard SM, Thissen J. Administration of adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon relieves cancer cachexia by mitigating inflammation in tumour-bearing mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:919-933. [PMID: 38572511 PMCID: PMC11154773 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening, inflammation-driven wasting syndrome that remains untreatable. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine, plays an important role in several metabolic processes as well as in inflammation modulation. Our aim was to test whether administration of AdipoRon (AR), a synthetic agonist of the adiponectin receptors, prevents the development of cancer cachexia and its related muscle atrophy. METHODS The effect of AR on cancer cachexia was investigated in two distinct murine models of colorectal cancer. First, 7-week-old CD2F1 male mice were subcutaneously injected with colon-26 carcinoma cells (C26) or vehicle (CT). Six days after injection, mice were treated for 5 days with AdipoRon (50 mg/kg/day; C26 + AR) or the corresponding vehicle (CT and C26). Additionally, a genetic model, the ApcMin/+ mouse, that develops spontaneously numerous intestinal polyps, was used. Eight-week-old male ApcMin/+ mice were treated with AdipoRon (50 mg/kg/day; Apc + AR) or the corresponding vehicle (Apc) over a period of 12 weeks, with C57BL/6J wild-type mice used as controls. In both models, several parameters were assessed in vivo: body weight, grip strength and serum parameters, as well as ex vivo: molecular changes in muscle, fat and liver. RESULTS The protective effect of AR on cachexia development was observed in both cachectic C26 and ApcMin/+ mice. In these mice, AR administration led to a significant alleviation of body weight loss and muscle wasting, together with rescued muscle strength (P < 0.05 for all). In both models, AR had a strong anti-inflammatory effect, reflected by lower systemic interleukin-6 levels (-55% vs. C26, P < 0.001 and -80% vs. Apc mice, P < 0.05), reduced muscular inflammation as indicated by lower levels of Socs3, phospho-STAT3 and Serpina3n, an acute phase reactant (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, AR blunted circulating levels of corticosterone (-46% vs. C26 mice, P < 0.001 and -60% vs. Apc mice, P < 0.05), the predominant murine glucocorticoid known to induce muscle atrophy. Accordingly, key glucocorticoid-responsive factors implicated in atrophy programmes were-or tended to be-significantly blunted in skeletal muscle by AR. Finally, AR protected against lipid metabolism alterations observed in ApcMin/+ mice, as it mitigated the increase in circulating triglyceride levels (-38%, P < 0.05) by attenuating hepatic triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid uptake by the liver. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show that AdipoRon rescued the cachectic phenotype by alleviating body weight loss and muscle atrophy, along with restraining inflammation and hypercorticism in preclinical murine models. Therefore, AdipoRon could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S. Massart
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Axell‐Natalie Kouakou
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Nathan Pelet
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pascale Lause
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Michel Abou‐Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Sonia M. Brichard
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jean‐Paul Thissen
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yue M, Qin Z, Hu L, Ji H. Understanding cachexia and its impact on lung cancer and beyond. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:95-105. [PMID: 39169934 PMCID: PMC11332896 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by loss of body weight secondary to skeletal muscle atrophy and adipose tissue wasting. It not only has a significant impact on patients' quality of life but also reduces the effectiveness and tolerability of anticancer therapy, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Lung cancer is a prominent global health concern, and the prevalence of cachexia is high among patients with lung cancer. In this review, we integrate findings from studies of lung cancer and other types of cancer to provide an overview of recent advances in cancer cachexia. Our focus includes topics such as the clinical criteria for diagnosis and staging, the function and mechanism of selected mediators, and potential therapeutic strategies for clinical application. A comprehensive summary of current studies will improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cachexia and contribute to the identification of high-risk patients, the development of effective treatment strategies, and the design of appropriate therapeutic regimens for patients at different disease stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang MH, Jung YY, Um J, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Brassinin alleviates cancer cachexia by suppressing diverse inflammatory mechanisms in mice. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e558. [PMID: 38807976 PMCID: PMC11130637 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial condition that contributes to the death of about 20% of cancer patients. It has the potential to cause weight loss, reduction in muscle mass, and loss of fat tissue, significantly lowering the quality of life. Currently, there are no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Here, we have explored the possible impact of brassinin (BSN) on cancer cachexia under in vitro and in vivo settings. After differentiation, C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with colorectal carcinoma cells conditioned media or BSN. For preclinical studies, mice were injected with HT-29 cells followed by intraperitoneal administration of BSN, and muscle and adipose tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and hematoxylin and eosin staining. BSN effectively suppressed muscle atrophy by down-regulating the levels of Muscle RING-finger protein-1 and Atrogin-1, while also increasing the expression of myosin heavy chain in cachexia-induced-C2C12 myotubes. The induction of adipogenesis by BSN prevented adipocyte atrophy in cachexia-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also noted that BSN disrupted the interaction between COX-2 and signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promoter, leading to down-regulation of STAT3 activation. Moreover, it was found that BSN inhibited weight loss in mice and demonstrated anti-cachexic effects. Overall, our observations indicate that BSN can attenuate cancer cachexia through diverse mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR)Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Özen SD, Kir S. Ectodysplasin A2 receptor signaling in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:471-483. [PMID: 38443222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential in generating mechanical force and regulating energy metabolism and body temperature. Pathologies associated with muscle tissue often lead to impaired physical activity and imbalanced metabolism. Recently, ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) signaling has been shown to promote muscle loss and glucose intolerance. Upregulated EDA2R expression in muscle tissue was associated with aging, denervation, cancer cachexia, and muscular dystrophies. Here, we describe the roles of EDA2R signaling in muscle pathophysiology, including muscle atrophy, insulin resistance, and aging-related sarcopenia. We also discuss the EDA2R pathway, which involves EDA-A2 as the ligand and nuclear factor (NF)κB-inducing kinase (NIK) as a downstream mediator, and the therapeutic potential of targeting these proteins in the treatment of muscle wasting and metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tamura Y, Kouzaki K, Kotani T, Nakazato K. Coculture with Colon-26 cancer cells decreases the protein synthesis rate and shifts energy metabolism toward glycolysis dominance in C2C12 myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1520-C1542. [PMID: 38557354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00179.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is the result of complex interorgan interactions initiated by cancer cells and changes in patient behavior such as decreased physical activity and energy intake. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects of cancer cells on muscle mass regulation and bioenergetics to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of Colon-26 cancer cells on the molecular regulating machinery of muscle mass and its bioenergetics using a coculture system with C2C12 myotubes. Our results demonstrated that coculture with Colon-26 cells induced myotube atrophy and reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis and its regulating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signal transduction. However, we did not observe any activating effects on protein degradation pathways including ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems. From a bioenergetic perspective, coculture with Colon-26 cells decreased the complex I-driven, but not complex II-driven, mitochondrial ATP production capacity, while increasing glycolytic enzyme activity and glycolytic metabolites, suggesting a shift in energy metabolism toward glycolysis dominance. Gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing showed that the increased activity of glycolytic enzymes was consistent with changes in gene expression. However, the decreased ATP production capacity of mitochondria was not in line with the gene expression. The potential direct interaction between cancer cells and skeletal muscle cells revealed in this study may contribute to a better fundamental understanding of the complex pathophysiology of cancer cachexia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We explored the potential direct interplay between colon cancer cells (Colon-26) and skeletal muscle cells (C2C12 myotubes) employing a noncontact coculture experimental model. Our findings reveal that coculturing with Colon-26 cells substantially impairs the protein synthesis rate, concurrently instigating a metabolic shift toward glycolytic dominance in C2C12 myotubes. This research unveils critical insights into the intricate cellular cross talk underpinning the complex pathophysiology of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tamura
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- High Performance Center, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Sport Training Center, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Coaching Excellence, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Health Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Kotani
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Health Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Addinsall AB, Cacciani N, Moruzzi N, Akkad H, Maestri A, Berggren PO, Widegren A, Bergquist J, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Larsson L. Ruxolitinib: A new hope for ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14128. [PMID: 38551103 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Mechanical ventilation (MV) results in diminished diaphragm size and strength, termed ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VID increases dependence, prolongs weaning, and increases discharge mortality rates. The Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway is implicated in VIDD, upregulated following MV. JAK/STAT inhibition alleviates chronic muscle wasting conditions. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Ruxolitinib, an FDA approved JAK1/2 inhibitor (JI) for the treatment of VIDD. METHODS Rats were subjected to 5 days controlled MV (CMV) with and without daily Ruxolitinib gavage. Muscle fiber size and function were assessed. RNAseq, mitochondrial morphology, respirometry, and mass spectrometry were determined. RESULTS CMV significantly reduced diaphragm size and specific force by 45% (p < 0.01), associated with a two-fold P-STAT3 upregulation (p < 0.001). CMV disrupted mitochondrial content and reduced the oxygen consumption rate (p < 0.01). Expression of the motor protein myosin was unaffected, however CMV alters myosin function via post-translational modifications (PTMs). Daily administration of JI increased animal survival (40% vs. 87%; p < 0.05), restricted P-STAT3 (p < 0.001), and preserved diaphragm size and specific force. JI was associated with preserved mitochondrial content and respiratory function (p < 0.01), and the reversal or augmentation of myosin deamidation PTMs of the rod and head region. CONCLUSION JI preserved diaphragm function, leading to increased survival in an experimental model of VIDD. Functional enhancement was associated with maintenance of mitochondrial content and respiration and the reversal of ventilator-induced PTMs of myosin. These results demonstrate the potential of repurposing Ruxolitinib for treatment of VIDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Addinsall
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Cacciani
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noah Moruzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hazem Akkad
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Maestri
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Widegren
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Muscle Biology Program, Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars Larsson
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Muscle Biology Program, Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Domaniku-Waraich A, Agca S, Toledo B, Sucuoglu M, Özen SD, Bilgic SN, Arabaci DH, Kashgari AE, Kir S. Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101498. [PMID: 38569555 PMCID: PMC11031427 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Progressive weakness and muscle loss are associated with multiple chronic conditions, including muscular dystrophy and cancer. Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by dramatic weight loss and fatigue, leads to reduced quality of life and poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in muscle atrophy; however, available anticytokine therapies failed to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy. OSM triggers cellular atrophy in primary myotubes using the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Identification of OSM targets by RNA sequencing reveals the induction of various muscle atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1. OSM overexpression in mice causes muscle wasting, whereas muscle-specific deletion of the OSM receptor (OSMR) and the neutralization of circulating OSM preserves muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicate that activated OSM/OSMR signaling drives muscle atrophy, and the therapeutic targeting of this pathway may be useful in preventing muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Batu Toledo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Melis Sucuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Dilsad Hilal Arabaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Aynur Erkin Kashgari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hesketh SJ. Advancing cancer cachexia diagnosis with -omics technology and exercise as molecular medicine. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:1-15. [PMID: 38463663 PMCID: PMC10918365 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy exacerbates disease outcomes and increases mortality, whereas the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and function play pivotal roles in ensuring long-term health and overall quality-of-life. Muscle atrophy represents a significant clinical challenge, involving the continued loss of muscle mass and strength, which frequently accompany the development of numerous types of cancer. Cancer cachexia is a highly prevalent multifactorial syndrome, and although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved management strategies for the disease. The etiology of this condition is based on the upregulation of systemic inflammation factors and catabolic stimuli, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of protein degradation. Numerous necessary cellular processes are disrupted by cachectic pathology, which mediate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in the net loss of muscle and organelles. However, the exact underpinning molecular mechanisms of how these changes are orchestrated are incompletely understood. Much work is still required, but structured exercise has the capacity to counteract numerous detrimental effects linked to cancer cachexia. Primarily through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and the release of myokines. As a result, muscle mass and strength increase, leading to improved mobility, and quality-of-life. This review summarises existing knowledge of the complex molecular networks that regulate cancer cachexia and exercise, highlighting the molecular interplay between the two for potential therapeutic intervention. Finally, the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is considered as a way of establishing early diagnostic biomarkers of cachectic patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Neelam PB, Sharma A, Sharma V. Sarcopenia and frailty in inflammatory bowel disease: Emerging concepts and evidence. JGH Open 2024; 8:e13033. [PMID: 38283070 PMCID: PMC10821747 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition marked by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function while frailty is a multidimensional concept characterized by diminished physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Both of these were previously considered as related to aging and shown to impact the quality of life and carry prognostic significance. Emerging data show that both sarcopenia and frailty carry similar relevance in chronic illness. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and malnourishment, both of which contribute to the development of sarcopenia by increasing protein breakdown and reducing protein synthesis. The coexistence of frailty further compounds the clinical complexity of IBD patients. Published evidence suggests a bidirectional association with IBD contributing to muscle wasting, while the resultant sarcopenia and frailty could further exacerbate the disease course. Sarcopenia and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes, including hospitalizations, increased surgical interventions, and surgical complications. As therapeutic strategies for IBD evolve, understanding the nuanced relationship between inflammatory bowel disease, sarcopenia, and frailty is crucial for devising holistic management. Comprehensive care should encompass not only disease-modifying therapies but also interventions targeting frailty and sarcopenia, as they have been shown to have a significant impact not only on the disease course but also on the quality of life. Future research could focus on further elucidating underlying mechanisms, simple screening strategies, and developing targeted interventions to improve the overall quality of life for individuals grappling with the complex interplay of IBD, sarcopenia, and frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pardhu B Neelam
- Department of GastroenterologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Alka Sharma
- Department of MedicineDr. BR Ambedkar Institute of Medical SciencesMohaliIndia
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of GastroenterologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang G, Han L, Qu M, Xue J, Xu D, Wu X, Lu Y. Down-regulation of EZH2 genes targeting RUNX3 affects proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of human colon cancer cells by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13655-13668. [PMID: 38048186 PMCID: PMC10756104 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to detect the effect of EZH2 genes on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of colon carcinoma cell strains HCT116 and HT29 by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, qRT-PCR was applied to measure relative expressions of EZH2, RUNX3, CEA, CA199, MMP-9, VEGF, β-catenin, and CyclinD1 in each group; Western-blot was employed with the intention of exploring relative expressions of these proteins in vivo and in vitro; monoclonal proliferation experiments and CCK-8 assay was adopted so as to check cell proliferation; the effect on cell migration was investigated via Transwell assay and cell scratch wound assay; flow cytometry was applied with a view to determining the effect on cell apoptosis. Transfected HCT116 cells are injected subcutaneously into nude mice. In colon cell strains HCT-116 and HT29, contrasted to the si-NC group, the RUNX3 expression was prominently up-regulated in the si-EZH2 group. Besides, expressions of CEA, CA199, MMP-9, and VEGF were significantly reduced; down-regulation of EZH2 genes remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration when facilitating apoptosis; down-regulation of EZH2 genes also significantly reduced expressions of essential proteins β-catenin and CyclinD1 on the Wnt pathway. The subcutaneous tumor body of nude mice was reduced. EZH2-OE is the opposite trend to si-EZH2; The EZH2 gene may target regulatory RUNX3 regulation via that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, hence affecting colon carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. Therefore, EZH2 may become a promising target for the clinical therapy of colon carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanli Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ming Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
- Institute of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Xueliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
- Institute of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yonggang Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dave S, Patel BM. Deliberation on debilitating condition of cancer cachexia: Skeletal muscle wasting. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1079-1091. [PMID: 37474262 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome associated with marked body loss because of muscular atrophy and fat loss. There are several mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of cachexia. The presence of the tumor releases cytokines from inflammatory and immune cells, which play a significant role in activating and deactivating certain pathways associated with protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. This review focuses on various cascades involving an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation in the skeletal muscles. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle wasting phenomenon over the last few years. METHODS This article briefly overviews different pathways responsible for muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Studies published up to April 2023 were included. Important findings and study contributions were chosen and compiled using several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ClinicalTrials.gov using relevant keywords. RESULTS Cancer cachexia is a complex disease involving multiple factors resulting in atrophy of skeletal muscles. Systemic inflammation, altered energy balance and carbohydrate metabolism, altered lipid and protein metabolism, and adipose tissue browning are some of the major culprits in cancer cachexia. Increased protein degradation and decreased protein synthesis lead to muscle atrophy. Changes in signaling pathway like ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy, mTOR, AMPK, and IGF-1 also lead to muscle wasting. Physical exercise, nutritional supplementation, steroids, myostatin inhibitors, and interventions targeting on inflammation have been investigated to treat cancer cachexia. Some therapy showed positive results in preclinical and clinical settings, although more research on the efficacy and safety of the treatment should be done. CONCLUSION Muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia is the result of multiple complex mechanisms; as a result, a lot more research has been done to describe the pathophysiology of the disease. Targeted therapy and multimodal interventions can improve clinical outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srusti Dave
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- School of Medico-legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pang X, Zhang P, Chen X, Liu W. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1289537. [PMID: 38046952 PMCID: PMC10690626 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1289537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles underpin myriad human activities, maintaining an intricate balance between protein synthesis and degradation crucial to muscle mass preservation. Historically, disruptions in this balance-where degradation overshadows synthesis-have marked the onset of muscle atrophy, a condition diminishing life quality and, in grave instances, imperiling life itself. While multiple protein degradation pathways exist-including the autophagy-lysosome, calcium-dependent calpain, and cysteine aspartate protease systems-the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway emerges as an especially cardinal avenue for intracellular protein degradation, wielding pronounced influence over the muscle atrophy trajectory. This paper ventures a panoramic view of predominant muscle atrophy types, accentuating the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway's role therein. Furthermore, by drawing from recent scholarly advancements, we draw associations between the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and specific pathological conditions linked to muscle atrophy. Our exploration seeks to shed light on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway's significance in skeletal muscle dynamics, aiming to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies against muscle atrophy and affiliated muscle disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiangSheng Pang
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoPing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - WenMing Liu
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Domaniku A, Bilgic SN, Kir S. Muscle wasting: emerging pathways and potential drug targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:705-718. [PMID: 37596181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a serious comorbidity associated with many disorders, including cancer, kidney disease, heart failure, and aging. Progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass negatively influences prognosis and survival, and is often accompanied by frailty and poor quality of life. Clinical trials testing therapeutics against muscle wasting have yielded limited success. Some therapies improved muscle mass in patients without appreciable differences in physical performance. This review article discusses emerging pathways that regulate muscle atrophy, including oncostatin M (OSM) and ectodysplasin A2 (EDA2) receptor (EDA2R) signaling, outcomes of recent clinical trials, and potential drug targets for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Domaniku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shivnani P, Shekhawat S, Prajapati A. Cancer Cachexia and breast cancer stem cell signalling - A crosstalk of signalling molecules. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110847. [PMID: 37557973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Cachexia is a condition characterized by the involuntary loss of lean body mass, a negative protein and energy balance, and systemic inflammation. This syndrome profoundly impacts the patient's quality of life and is linked to poor chemotherapy response and reduced survival. Despite multiple mechanisms being implicated in its development, and various cytokines believed to contribute to the persistent catabolic state, cachexia is still not fully recognized and is often left untreated. Cachexia is caused by altered metabolic adaptation and lack of anticactic therapy due to systemic cytokines promoting and fuelling cancer growth. The exact molecular mechanisms and clinical endpoints remain poorly defined. It has an occurrence rate of 30%-80%, accounting for 20% of total cancer mortality. Tumor cells remodel the microenvironment suitable for their proliferation, wherein they communicate with fibroblast cells to modulate their expression and induce tumor progressive cytokines. Several studies have reported its strong correlation with systemic cytokines that initiate and aggravate the condition. Plenty of studies show the prominent role of cancer-induced cachexia in pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. However, limited data are available for breast cancer-induced cachexia, highlighting the need for studying it. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a prominently explored area in breast cancer research. They are characterized by CD44+/CD24-/ALDH+ expression and are a focus of cancer research. They are a source of renewal and differentiation within the tumor environment and are responsible for progression, and chemotherapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment and its cytokines are responsible for maintaining and inducing their differentiation. Cytokines significantly impact BCSC development and self-renewal, stimulating or inhibiting proliferation depending on cytokine and environment. Pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 increase proliferation, promoting tumor growth. Experimental models and clinical studies have shown a direct relationship between cytokines and BCSC proliferation. Several of them seem to be interconnected as they initiate signalling down different pathways but converge at BCSC increase and tumor proliferation. This review highlights the common pathways between cachexia and BCSC signalling, to identify potential therapeutic targets that can aid both conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shivnani
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Saroj Shekhawat
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Akhilesh Prajapati
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Directo D, Lee SR. Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Metabolites 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37755304 PMCID: PMC10538050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome developed during malignant tumor growth, is characterized by an accelerated loss of body weight accompanied by the depletion of skeletal muscle mass. This debilitating condition is associated with muscle degradation, impaired immune function, reduced functional capacity, compromised quality of life, and diminished survival in cancer patients. Despite the lack of the known capability of fully reversing or ameliorating this condition, ongoing research is shedding light on promising preclinical approaches that target the disrupted mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review delves into critical aspects of cancer cachexia, including its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, preclinical models for studying the progression of cancer cachexia, methods for clinical assessment, relevant biomarkers, and potential therapeutic strategies. These discussions collectively aim to contribute to the evolving foundation for effective, multifaceted counteractive strategies against this challenging condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Sun X, Yang Q, Guo C. Cucurbitacin IIb attenuates cancer cachexia induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the IL-6/STAT3/FoxO signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3380-3393. [PMID: 37073890 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The main features of cancer cachexia include skeletal muscle atrophy, which can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. Clinical treatment of cancer cachexia is mainly based on nutritional therapy and physical exercise; medication only improves appetite but does not reverse the symptoms of skeletal muscle wasting. In this work, we systematically studied the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb) ameliorates muscle wasting in cancer cachexia both in vitro and in vivo. CuIIb significantly ameliorated the chief features of cancer cachexia in vivo, alleviating weight loss, food intake, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, and organ weight reductions. In vitro, CuIIb (10 and 20 μM) dose-dependently attenuated conditioned medium (CM)-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CuIIb prevented the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy Fbox protein (MAFbx), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and myogenin (MyoG) and impacted protein synthesis and degradation. In addition, CuIIb decreased the phosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3 by regulating the IL-6/STAT3/FoxO pathway to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xipeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cai Y, Chen P, Xu H, Li S, Zhao B, Fan Y, Wang F, Zhang Y. EZH2 Gene Knockdown Inhibits Sheep Pituitary Cell Proliferation via Downregulating the AKT/ERK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10656. [PMID: 37445833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary gonadotropins perform essential functions in mammalian reproduction by stimulating gametogenesis and steroidogenesis in the ovaries and testicles. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase that inhibits proliferation and aggravates apoptosis in stem cells subjected to pathological stimuli. However, the expression and molecular mechanisms of EZH2 in pituitary cells in vitro have not been extensively studied. In this study, the relative abundances of EZH2 mRNA (p < 0.01) and protein (p < 0.05) expression were larger in the pituitary cells of Hu sheep with relatively greater fecundity (GF) compared to those with lesser fecundity (LF). Loss-of-function examinations demonstrated that EZH2 gene knockdown led to an earlier induction of apoptosis in sheep pituitary cells (PCs). The relative abundance of CASP3, CASP9, and BAX was increased (p < 0.01), while BCL2's abundance was less decreased (p < 0.01) in PCs where there was EZH2 gene knockdown. Additionally, cell proliferation (p < 0.01) and viability (p < 0.01) were decreased in EZH2-knockdown sheep PCs, and the cell cycle was blocked compared to a negative control (NC). Notably, EZH2 gene knockdown led to reduced abundances of gonadotropin subunit gene transcripts (FSHβ, p < 0.05) and reduced FSH release (p < 0.01) from PCs. EZH2 gene knockdown led to reduced phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and mTOR (p < 0.01). The results suggest that EZH2 regulates pituitary cell proliferation, apoptosis, and FSH secretion through modulation of the AKT/ERK signaling pathway, providing a foundation for further study of pituitary cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiyong Chen
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shanglai Li
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingru Zhao
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang H, Wang F, Pang X, Zhou Y, Li S, Li W, Zhang P, Chen X. Decreased expression of H19/miR-675 ameliorates muscle atrophy by regulating the IGF1R/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway. Mol Med 2023; 29:78. [PMID: 37344807 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is one of the most highly expressed and conserved transcripts in mammalian development, and its functions have been fully discussed in many contexts including tumorigenesis and skeletal muscle development. However, its exact role in muscle atrophy remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of lncRNA H19 on muscle atrophy and the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS Hindlimb suspension (HS) of C57BL/6 mice and starvation of C2C12 cells with PBS were conducted to induce atrophy. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of RNAs and proteins. LncRNA H19 and its encoded miR-675 were overexpressed or inhibited in different models of muscle atrophy. Immunofluorescence was carried out to examine the cross-sectional area (CSA) and minimal Feret's diameter (MFD) of myofibers and myotube diameter. RESULTS The expression levels of lncRNA H19 and miR-675 were significantly reduced in both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in response to HS. Overexpression of lncRNA H19 led to an increase in Atrogin-1 mRNA expression, and this effect was reversed by inhibiting miR-675. The overexpression of miR-675 aggravated both HS- and starving-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the IGF1R/Akt signaling pathway and promoting FoxO/Atrogin-1 expression. Conversely, miR-675 inhibition had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION The lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis can induce muscle atrophy, and its downregulation in mice with HS-induced muscle atrophy may act as a protective mechanism against this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangsheng Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjiong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cid-Gallegos MS, Jiménez-Martínez C, Sánchez-Chino XM, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Álvarez-González I. Chemopreventive Effect of Cooked Chickpea on Colon Carcinogenesis Evolution in AOM/DSS-Induced Balb/c Mice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2317. [PMID: 37375942 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Chickpeas are one of the most widely consumed legumes worldwide and they might prevent diseases such as cancer. Therefore, this study evaluates the chemopreventive effect of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) on the evolution of colon carcinogenesis induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in a mice model at 1, 7, and 14 weeks after induction. Accordingly, the expression of biomarkers-such as argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNOR), cell proliferation nuclear antigen (PCNA), β-catenin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-was assessed in the colon of BALB/c mice fed diets supplemented with 10 and 20% cooked chickpea (CC). The results showed that a 20% CC diet significantly reduced tumors and biomarkers of proliferation and inflammation in AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mice. Moreover, body weight loss decreased and the disease activity index (DAI) was lower than the positive control. Lastly, tumor reduction was more evident at week 7 in the groups fed a 20% CC diet. In conclusion, both diets (10% and 20% CC) exert a chemopreventive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Stephanie Cid-Gallegos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Cristian Jiménez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Xariss M Sánchez-Chino
- Catedra-CONAHCYT, Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Villahermosa, Tabasco 86280, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Verónica R Vásquez-Garzón
- Catedra-CONAHCYT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Catedra-CONAHCYT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Setiawan T, Sari IN, Wijaya YT, Julianto NM, Muhammad JA, Lee H, Chae JH, Kwon HY. Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 37217930 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a consequence of physiological changes or a pathology characterized by increased catabolic activity that leads to progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Numerous diseases, including cancer, organ failure, infection, and aging-associated diseases, are associated with muscle wasting. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without the loss of fat mass, resulting in functional impairment and reduced quality of life. It is caused by the upregulation of systemic inflammation and catabolic stimuli, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of muscle catabolism. Here, we summarize the complex molecular networks that regulate muscle mass and function. Moreover, we describe complex multi-organ roles in cancer cachexia. Although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Thus, we compiled recent ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials and further discussed potential therapeutic approaches for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadya Marcelina Julianto
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jabir Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Chae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hartl L, Duitman J, Maarten FB, Spek CA. The Dual Role of C/EBPδ in Cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103983. [PMID: 37024021 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein delta (C/EBPδ) is a transcription factor involved in differentiation and inflammation. While sparsely expressed in adult tissues, aberrant expression of C/EBPδ has been associated with different cancers. Initially, re-expression of C/EBPδ in cell cultures limited tumor cell proliferation, assigning it a tumor suppressor role. However, opposing observations were made in pre-clinical models and patients, suggesting that C/EBPδ not only mediates cell proliferation but dictates a broader spectrum of tumorigenesis-related effects. It is now widely accepted that C/EBPδ contributes to an inflammatory, tumor-promoting microenvironment, aids hypoxia adaption and contributes to the recruitment of blood vessels for improved nutrient supply to tumor cells and facilitated extravasation. This review summarizes the work published on this transcription factor in the field of cancer over the past decade. It points out areas in which a consensus on C/EBPδ's role appears to emerge and seek to explain seemingly contradictory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Hartl
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - JanWillem Duitman
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Bijlsma Maarten
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Arnold Spek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng Y, Zhao Z, Sheldon M, Zhao Y, Teng H, Martinez C, Zhang J, Lin C, Sun Y, Yao F, Zhu H, Ma L. LIFR recruits HGF-producing neutrophils to promote liver injury repair and regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533289. [PMID: 36993315 PMCID: PMC10055204 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular links between tissue repair and tumorigenesis remain elusive. Here, we report that loss of the liver tumor suppressor Lifr in mouse hepatocytes impairs the recruitment and activity of reparative neutrophils, resulting in the inhibition of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy or toxic injuries. On the other hand, overexpression of LIFR promotes liver repair and regeneration after injury. Interestingly, LIFR deficiency or overexpression does not affect hepatocyte proliferation ex vivo or in vitro . In response to physical or chemical damage to the liver, LIFR from hepatocytes promotes the secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 (which binds CXCR2 to recruit neutrophils) and cholesterol in a STAT3-dependent manner. Cholesterol, in turn, acts on the recruited neutrophils to secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to accelerate hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration. Altogether, our findings reveal a LIFR-STAT3- CXCL1-CXCR2 axis and a LIFR-STAT3-cholesterol-HGF axis that mediate hepatic damage- induced crosstalk between hepatocytes and neutrophils to repair and regenerate the liver.
Collapse
|
28
|
Saroul N, Tardif N, Pereira B, Dissard A, Montrieul L, Sanchez P, Salles J, Petersen JE, Jakobson T, Gilain L, Mom T, Boirie Y, Rooyakers O, Walrand S. Conditioned Media from Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines and Serum Samples from Head and Neck Cancer Patients Drive Catabolic Pathways in Cultured Muscle Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061843. [PMID: 36980729 PMCID: PMC10047086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of secreted factors from the tumor cells in driving cancer cachexia and especially muscle loss is unknown. We wanted to study both the action of secreted factors from head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines and circulating factors in HNC patients on skeletal muscle protein catabolism. METHODS Conditioned media (CM) made from head and neck cancer cell lines and mix of sera from head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were incubated for 48 h with human myotubes. The atrophy and the catabolic pathway were monitored in myotubes. The patients were classified regarding their skeletal muscle loss observed at the outset of management. RESULTS Tumor CM (TCM) was able to produce atrophy on myotubes as compared with control CM (CCM). However, a mix of sera from HNC patients was not able to produce atrophy in myotubes. Despite this discrepancy on atrophy, we observed a similar regulation of the catabolic pathways by the tumor-conditioned media and mix of sera from cancer patients. The catabolic response after incubation with the mix of sera seemed to depend on the muscle loss seen in patients. CONCLUSION This study found evidence that the atrophy observed in HNC patients cannot be solely explained by a deficit in food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Saroul
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Biostatistics Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Tardif
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexis Dissard
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Montrieul
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jens Erik Petersen
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Towe Jakobson
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laurent Gilain
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Mom
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olav Rooyakers
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Human Nutrition Unit, INRAE, Auvergne Human Nutrition Research Center, Clermont Auvergne University, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand France, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Muscle wasting (ie, atrophy) is a serious consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that reduces muscle strength and function. It reduces the quality of life for CKD patients and increases the risks of comorbidities and mortality. Current treatment strategies to prevent or reverse skeletal muscle loss are limited owing to the broad and systemic nature of the initiating signals and the multifaceted catabolic mechanisms that accelerate muscle protein degradation and impair protein synthesis and repair pathways. Recent evidence has shown how organs such as muscle, adipose, and kidney communicate with each other through interorgan exchange of proteins and RNAs during CKD. This crosstalk changes cell functions in the recipient organs and represents an added dimension in the complex processes that are responsible for muscle atrophy in CKD. This complexity creates challenges for the development of effective therapies to ameliorate muscle wasting and weakness in patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - S Russ Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen LL, Xia LY, Zhang JP, Wang Y, Chen JY, Guo C, Xu WH. Saikosaponin D alleviates cancer cachexia by directly inhibiting STAT3. Phytother Res 2023; 37:809-819. [PMID: 36447385 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, and effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component of Radix Bupleuri, exhibits antiinflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that SSD is a promising agent for the treatment of cancer cachexia. SSD could alleviate TCM-induced myotube atrophy and inhibit the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING-finger containing protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (Atrogin-1/MAFbx) in vitro. Moreover, SSD suppressed the progression of cancer cachexia, with significant improvements in the loss of body weight, gastrocnemius muscle, and tibialis anterior muscle mass in vivo. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that SSD could directly bind to STAT3 and specifically inhibit its phosphorylation as well as its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of STAT3 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of SSD on myotube atrophy, indicating that the therapeutic effect of SSD was attributed to STAT3 inhibition. These findings provide novel strategies for treatment of cancer cachexia by targeting STAT3, and SSD may be a promising drug candidate for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Heng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Emerging Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Cachexia: The SUMO Perspective. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040644. [PMID: 36831310 PMCID: PMC9953977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobility is an intrinsic feature of the animal kingdom that stimulates evolutionary processes and determines the biological success of animals. Skeletal muscle is the primary driver of voluntary movements. Besides, skeletal muscles have an immense impact on regulating glucose, amino acid, and lipid homeostasis. Muscle atrophy/wasting conditions are accompanied by a drastic effect on muscle function and disrupt steady-state muscle physiology. Cachexia is a complex multifactorial muscle wasting syndrome characterized by extreme loss of skeletal muscle mass, resulting in a dramatic decrease in life quality and reported mortality in more than 30% of patients with advanced cancers. The lack of directed treatments to prevent or relieve muscle loss indicates our inadequate knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in muscle cell organization and the molecular etiology of cancer-induced cachexia (CIC). This review highlights the latest knowledge of regulatory mechanisms involved in maintaining muscle function and their deregulation in wasting syndromes, particularly in cachexia. Recently, protein posttranslational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism of protein function with implications for different aspects of cell physiology and diseases. We also review an atypical association of SUMO-mediated pathways in this context and deliberate on potential treatment strategies to alleviate muscle atrophy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pototschnig I, Feiler U, Diwoky C, Vesely PW, Rauchenwald T, Paar M, Bakiri L, Pajed L, Hofer P, Kashofer K, Sukhbaatar N, Schoiswohl G, Weichhart T, Hoefler G, Bock C, Pichler M, Wagner EF, Zechner R, Schweiger M. Interleukin-6 initiates muscle- and adipose tissue wasting in a novel C57BL/6 model of cancer-associated cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:93-107. [PMID: 36351437 PMCID: PMC9891934 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a wasting syndrome drastically reducing efficacy of chemotherapy and life expectancy of patients. CAC affects up to 80% of cancer patients, yet the mechanisms underlying the disease are not well understood and no approved disease-specific medication exists. As a multiorgan disorder, CAC can only be studied on an organismal level. To cover the diverse aetiologies of CAC, researchers rely on the availability of a multifaceted pool of cancer models with varying degrees of cachexia symptoms. So far, no tumour model syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice exists that allows direct comparison between cachexigenic- and non-cachexigenic tumours. METHODS MCA207 and CHX207 fibrosarcoma cells were intramuscularly implanted into male or female, 10-11-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Tumour tissues were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemical-, and transcriptomic analysis. Mice were analysed for tumour growth, body weight and -composition, food- and water intake, locomotor activity, O2 consumption, CO2 production, circulating blood cells, metabolites, and tumourkines. Mice were sacrificed with same tumour weights in all groups. Adipose tissues were examined using high-resolution respirometry, lipolysis measurements in vitro and ex vivo, and radioactive tracer studies in vivo. Gene expression was determined in adipose- and muscle tissues by quantitative PCR and Western blotting analyses. Muscles and cultured myotubes were analysed histologically and by immunofluorescence microscopy for myofibre cross sectional area and myofibre diameter, respectively. Interleukin-6 (Il-6) was deleted from cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. RESULTS CHX207, but not MCA207-tumour-bearing mice exhibited major clinical features of CAC, including systemic inflammation, increased plasma IL-6 concentrations (190 pg/mL, P ≤ 0.0001), increased energy expenditure (+28%, P ≤ 0.01), adipose tissue loss (-47%, P ≤ 0.0001), skeletal muscle wasting (-18%, P ≤ 0.001), and body weight reduction (-13%, P ≤ 0.01) 13 days after cancer cell inoculation. Adipose tissue loss resulted from reduced lipid uptake and -synthesis combined with increased lipolysis but was not associated with elevated beta-adrenergic signalling or adipose tissue browning. Muscle atrophy was evident by reduced myofibre cross sectional area (-21.8%, P ≤ 0.001), increased catabolic- and reduced anabolic signalling. Deletion of IL-6 from CHX207 cancer cells completely protected CHX207IL6KO -tumour-bearing mice from CAC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present CHX207 fibrosarcoma cells as a novel tool to investigate the mediators and metabolic consequences of CAC in C57BL/6 mice in comparison to non-cachectic MCA207-tumour-bearing mice. IL-6 represents an essential trigger for CAC development in CHX207-tumour-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Feiler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Diwoky
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul W Vesely
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Margret Paar
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Sauerwein H. Invited review: Muscle protein breakdown and its assessment in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:822-842. [PMID: 36460512 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of body reserves including fat, protein, and glycogen is necessary to overcome phases of negative nutrient balance typical for high-yielding dairy cows during the periparturient period. Skeletal muscle, the largest internal organ in mammals, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, unlike in liver and adipose tissue, the metabolic and regulatory role of skeletal muscle in the adaptation of dairy cows to the physiological needs of pregnancy and lactation has not been studied extensively. The functional integrity and quality of skeletal muscle are maintained through a constant turnover of protein, resulting from both protein breakdown and protein synthesis. Thus, muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and synthesis are intimately connected and tightly controlled to ensure proper protein homeostasis. Understanding the regulation of MPB, the catabolic component of muscle turnover, and its assessment are therefore important considerations to provide information about the timing and extent of tissue mobilization in periparturient dairy cows. Based on animal models and human studies, it is now evident that MPB occurs via the integration of 3 main systems: autophagy-lysosomal, calpain Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These 3 main systems are interconnected and do not work separately, and the regulation is complex. The ubiquitin-proteasomal system is the most well-known cellular proteolytic system and plays a fundamental role in muscle physiology. Complete degradation of a protein often requires a combination of the systems, depending on the physiological situation. Determination of MPB in dairy cows is technically challenging, resulting in a relative dearth of information. The methods for assessing MPB can be divided into either direct or indirect measurements, both having their strengths and limitations. Available information on the direct measures of MPB primarily comes from stable isotopic tracer methods and those of indirect measurements from assessing expression and activity measures of the components of the 3 MPB systems in muscle biopsy samples. Other indirect approaches (i.e., potential indicators of MPB), including ultrasound imaging and measuring metabolites from muscle degradation (i.e., 3-methylhistidine and creatinine), seem to be applicable methods and can provide useful information about the extent and timing of MPB. This review presents our current understanding, including methodological considerations, of the process of MPB in periparturient dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu X, Talifu Z, Zhang CJ, Gao F, Ke H, Pan YZ, Gong H, Du HY, Yu Y, Jing YL, Du LJ, Li JJ, Yang DG. Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1099143. [PMID: 36937344 PMCID: PMC10020380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1099143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to loss of innervation of skeletal muscle, decreased motor function, and significantly reduced load on skeletal muscle, resulting in atrophy. Factors such as braking, hormone level fluctuation, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage accelerate skeletal muscle atrophy. The atrophy process can result in skeletal muscle cell apoptosis, protein degradation, fat deposition, and other pathophysiological changes. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only hinders the recovery of motor function but is also closely related to many systemic dysfunctions, affecting the prognosis of patients with spinal cord injury. Extensive research on the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy and intervention at the molecular level has shown that inflammation and oxidative stress injury are the main mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and that multiple pathways are involved. These may become targets of future clinical intervention. However, most of the experimental studies are still at the basic research stage and still have some limitations in clinical application, and most of the clinical treatments are focused on rehabilitation training, so how to develop more efficient interventions in clinical treatment still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review focuses mainly on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and summarizes the cytokines and signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in recent studies, hoping to provide new therapeutic ideas for future clinical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Jia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Li Jing
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Jie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Jun Li
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- De-Gang Yang
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ono Y, Saito M, Sakamoto K, Maejima Y, Misaka S, Shimomura K, Nakanishi N, Inoue S, Kotani J. C188-9, a specific inhibitor of STAT3 signaling, prevents thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031906. [PMID: 36588738 PMCID: PMC9800842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and places a tremendous economic burden on society. Systemic inflammatory responses induced by thermal burn injury can cause muscle wasting, a severe involuntary loss of skeletal muscle that adversely affects the survival and functional outcomes of these patients. Currently, no pharmacological interventions are available for the treatment of thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), are important hallmarks of severe burn injury. The levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-a downstream component of IL-6 inflammatory signaling-are elevated with muscle wasting in various pro-catabolic conditions, and STAT3 has been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we tested the effects of the STAT3-specific signaling inhibitor C188-9 on thermal burn injury-induced skeletal muscle wasting in vivo and on C2C12 myotube atrophy in vitro after the administration of plasma from burn model mice. In mice, thermal burn injury severity dependently increased IL-6 in the plasma and tibialis anterior muscles and activated the STAT3 (increased ratio of phospho-STAT3/STAT3) and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways (increased Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1). These effects resulted in skeletal muscle atrophy and reduced grip strength. In murine C2C12 myotubes, plasma from burn mice activated the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, leading to myotube atrophy. In mice with burn injury, the intraperitoneal injection of C188-9 (50 mg/kg) reduced activation of the STAT3 and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways, reversed skeletal muscle atrophy, and increased grip strength. Similarly, pretreatment of murine C2C12 myotubes with C188-9 (10 µM) reduced activation of the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, and ameliorated myotube atrophy induced by plasma taken from burn model mice. Collectively, these results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 signaling may be a novel therapeutic strategy for thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan,Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,*Correspondence: Yuko Ono,
| | - Masafumi Saito
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Misaka
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuto Nakanishi
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wijaya YT, Setiawan T, Sari IN, Park K, Lee CH, Cho KW, Lee YK, Lim JY, Yoon JK, Lee SH, Kwon HY. Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates muscle wasting by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3149-3162. [PMID: 36127129 PMCID: PMC9745546 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of some drugs, aging, cancers, and other diseases can cause muscle wasting. Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating muscle wasting. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) on muscle wasting were studied. METHODS Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced myotube atrophy in mouse C2C12 and human skeletal myoblasts (HSkM) was evaluated based on cell thickness. Atrophy-related signalling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial number were assessed. GRd (10 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to aged mice (23-24 months old) and tumour-bearing (Lewis lung carcinoma [LLC1] or CT26) mice for 5 weeks and 16 days, respectively. Body weight, grip strength, inverted hanging time, and muscle weight were assessed. Histological analysis was also performed to assess the effects of GRd. The evolutionary chemical binding similarity (ECBS) approach, molecular docking, Biacore assay, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 reporter assay were used to identify targets of GRd. RESULTS GRd significantly induced hypertrophy in the C2C12 and HSkM myotubes (average diameter 50.8 ± 2.6% and 49.9% ± 3.7% higher at 100 nM, vs. control, P ≤ 0.001). GRd treatment ameliorated aging- and cancer-induced (LLC1 or CT26) muscle atrophy in mice, which was evidenced by significant increases in grip strength, hanging time, muscle mass, and muscle tissue cross-sectional area (1.3-fold to 4.6-fold, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). STAT3 was found to be a possible target of GRd by the ECBS approach and molecular docking assay. Validation of direct interaction between GRd and STAT3 was confirmed through Biacore analysis. GRd also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 reporter activity, which led to the inhibition of STAT3 nuclear translocation and the suppression of downstream targets of STAT3, such as atrogin-1, muscle-specific RING finger protein (MuRF-1), and myostatin (MSTN) (29.0 ± 11.2% to 84.3 ± 30.5%, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). Additionally, GRd scavenged ROS (91.7 ± 1.4% reduction at 1 nM, vs. vehicle, P ≤ 0.001), inhibited TNF-α-induced dysregulation of ROS level, and improved mitochondrial integrity (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GRd ameliorates aging- and cancer-induced muscle wasting. Our findings suggest that GRd may be a novel therapeutic agent or adjuvant for reversing muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Lee
- Liver Clinic, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Genetic and Small-Molecule Modulation of Stat3 in a Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237020. [PMID: 36498596 PMCID: PMC9736649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastro-intestinal tract (GI) and is associated with an increased risk of gastro-intestinal cancer. In the current study, we determined the role of genetic and small-molecule modulation of STAT3 in a mouse model of CD. STAT3 has 2 isoforms (α, β) which are expressed in most cells in a 4:1 ratio (α: β). STAT3α has pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while STAT3β has contrasting roles. We used an animal model of CD consisting of intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and examined the severity of CD in transgenic-mice that express only STAT3α (∆β/∆β), as well as in wild-type (WT) mice administered TTI-101 (formerly C188-9), a small molecule STAT3 inhibitor. We determined that clinical manifestations of CD, such as mortality, rectal-bleeding, colonic bleeding, diarrhea, and colon shortening, were exacerbated in ∆β/∆β transgenic versus cage-control WT mice, while they were markedly decreased by TTI-101 treatment of WT mice. TTI-101 treatment also increased apoptosis of pathogenic CD4+ T cells and reduced colon levels of IL-17-positive cells. Our results indicate that STAT3 contributes to CD and that targeting of STAT3 with TTI-101 may be a useful approach to treating CD.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Garella R, Magherini F, Squecco R, Fiaschi T. Pyruvate prevents the onset of the cachectic features and metabolic alterations in myotubes downregulating
STAT3
signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22598. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200848r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shin E, Kang H, Lee H, Lee S, Jeon J, Seong K, Youn H, Youn B. Exosomal Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Induces Ionizing Radiation-Adaptive Glioblastoma Cachexia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193102. [PMID: 36231065 PMCID: PMC9564109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that leads to a severely compromised quality of life and increased mortality. A strong association between cachexia and poor prognosis has been demonstrated in intractable cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, it was demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR), the first-line treatment for GBM, causes cancer cachexia by increasing the exosomal release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) from glioblastoma cells. Exosomal PAI-1 delivered to the skeletal muscle is directly penetrated in the muscles and phosphorylates STAT3 to intensify muscle atrophy by activating muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1); furthermore, it hampers muscle protein synthesis by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 by TM5441 inhibited muscle atrophy and rescued muscle protein synthesis, thereby providing survival benefits in a GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In summary, our data delineated the role of PAI-1 in the induction of GBM cachexia associated with radiotherapy-treated GBM. Our data also indicated that targeting PAI-1 could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of GBM following radiotherapy, which would lead to a considerable improvement in the quality of life of GBM patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Kimoon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Hyesook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Buhyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2264
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wei L, Wang R, Wazir J, Lin K, Song S, Li L, Pu W, Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Z, Wang H. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting by Enhancing Ketone Metabolism and Inhibiting the Cori Cycle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192987. [PMID: 36230949 PMCID: PMC9562633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is characterized by progressive weight loss accompanied by the loss of specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Increased lactate production, either due to the Warburg effect from tumors or accelerated glycolysis effects from cachectic muscle, is the most dangerous factor for cancer cachexia. This study aimed to explore the efficiency of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) in blocking Cori cycle activity and its therapeutic effect on cachexia-associated muscle wasting. A C26 adenocarcinoma xenograft model was used to study cancer cachectic metabolic derangements. Tumor-free lean mass, hindlimb muscle morphology, and fiber-type composition were measured after in vivo 2-DG administration. Activation of the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway (UPS) and autophagic–lysosomal pathway (ALP) was further assessed. The cachectic skeletal muscles of tumor-bearing mice exhibited altered glucose and lipid metabolism, decreased carbohydrate utilization, and increased lipid β-oxidation. Significantly increased gluconeogenesis and decreased ketogenesis were observed in cachectic mouse livers. 2-DG significantly ameliorated cancer cachexia-associated muscle wasting and decreased cachectic-associated lean mass levels and fiber cross-sectional areas. 2-DG inhibited protein degradation-associated UPS and ALP, increased ketogenesis in the liver, and promoted ketone metabolism in skeletal muscle, thus enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. 2-DG effectively prevents muscle wasting by increasing ATP synthesis efficiency via the ketone metabolic pathway and blocking the abnormal Cori cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wei
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xin J, Zhang H, Yin D, An N, Chen Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Liu Z, Liu Y, Yin W, Li M, Hu X. A novel coumarin derivative DBH2 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Genes Dis 2022; 10:596-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
43
|
Chen M, Wang Y, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in aging: Focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964130. [PMID: 36111339 PMCID: PMC9470179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle will have negative effect on multiple physiological parameters, such as exercise, respiration, thermoregulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulating evidence reveals that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathological characteristics of skeletal muscle during aging. Here, we focus on aging-related sarcopenia, summarize the relationship between aging and sarcopenia, and elaborate on aging-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle and its critical role in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the production of excessive reactive oxygen species in aging skeletal muscle, which reduces the ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells to participate in muscle regeneration, and analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have also paid extensive attention to the possibility and potential regulatory pathways of skeletal muscle aging and oxidative stress mediate inflammation. Finally, in response to the abnormal activity of oxidative stress and inflammation during aging, we summarize several potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of sarcopenia, which may provide beneficial help for improving sarcopenia during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Lin’an, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Inflammation: Roles in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091686. [PMID: 36139760 PMCID: PMC9495679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases can cause skeletal muscle atrophy, usually accompanied by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, decreased protein synthesis, and enhanced proteolysis. The underlying mechanism of inflammation in skeletal muscle atrophy is extremely complex and has not been fully elucidated, thus hindering the development of effective therapeutic drugs and preventive measures for skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we elaborate on protein degradation pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), the calpain and caspase pathways, the insulin growth factor 1/Akt protein synthesis pathway, myostatin, and muscle satellite cells, in the process of muscle atrophy. Under an inflammatory environment, various pro-inflammatory cytokines directly act on nuclear factor-κB, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways through the corresponding receptors, and then are involved in muscle atrophy. Inflammation can also indirectly trigger skeletal muscle atrophy by changing the metabolic state of other tissues or cells. This paper explores the changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and fat metabolism under inflammatory conditions as well as their effects on skeletal muscle. Moreover, this paper also reviews various signaling pathways related to muscle atrophy under inflammatory conditions, such as cachexia, sepsis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and nerve injury. Finally, this paper summarizes anti-amyotrophic drugs and their therapeutic targets for inflammation in recent years. Overall, inflammation is a key factor causing skeletal muscle atrophy, and anti-inflammation might be an effective strategy for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. Various inflammatory factors and their downstream pathways are considered promising targets for the treatment and prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Torii M, Itaya T, Minamino H, Katsushima M, Fujita Y, Tanaka H, Oshima Y, Watanabe R, Ito H, Arai H, Hashimoto M. Management of Sarcopenia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 33:435-440. [PMID: 35986513 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review summarizes the evidence for the management of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in terms of drugs, exercise, and nutrition. Sarcopenia is a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or physical function. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with RA is higher than that in the general population. The treatment and management of sarcopenia in patients with RA are clinically important for long-term prognosis. One of the mechanisms of muscle metabolism is the pro-inflammatory cytokine pathway, which involves tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and is a common pathway in the pathogenesis of RA. Thus, TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors may play a potential role in controlling sarcopenia. In exercise therapy, a combination of moderate resistance and aerobic exercise may be effective in improving muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function; however, intense exercise may exacerbate the inflammatory response in RA. Regarding nutrition, protein intake is generally considered beneficial, but other nutrients such as vitamin D and carotenoids have also been studied. Overall, there remains a lack of concrete evidence on sarcopenia treatment and management in patients with RA from any perspective; more longitudinal and intervention studies are needed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Torii
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itaya
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroto Minamino
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Katsushima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Oshima
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Aichi, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University , Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ma RJ, Ma C, Hu K, Zhao MM, Zhang N, Sun ZG. Molecular mechanism, regulation, and therapeutic targeting of the STAT3 signaling pathway in esophageal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:105. [PMID: 35856449 PMCID: PMC9339493 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common cancer globally, and the overall 5-year survival rate is only 20%. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in EC, and its activation is associated with a poor prognosis. STAT3 can be activated by canonical pathways such as the JAK/STAT3 pathway as well as non-canonical pathways including the Wnt/STAT3 and COX2/PGE2/STAT3 pathways. Activated STAT3, present as phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), can be transported into the nucleus to regulate downstream genes, including VEGF, cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), to promote cancer cell proliferation and induce resistance to therapy. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a vital role in regulating the STAT3 signaling pathway in EC. Several miRNAs promote or suppress the function of STAT3 in EC, while lncRNAs and circRNAs primarily promote the effects of STAT3 and the progression of cancer. Additionally, various drugs and natural compounds can target STAT3 to suppress the malignant behavior of EC cells, providing novel insights into potential EC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Kang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhao
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Breast Disease Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Damian L, Login CC, Solomon C, Belizna C, Encica S, Urian L, Jurcut C, Stancu B, Vulturar R. Inclusion Body Myositis and Neoplasia: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137358. [PMID: 35806366 PMCID: PMC9266341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an acquired, late-onset inflammatory myopathy, with both inflammatory and degenerative pathogenesis. Although idiopathic inflammatory myopathies may be associated with malignancies, IBM is generally not considered paraneoplastic. Many studies of malignancy in inflammatory myopathies did not include IBM patients. Indeed, IBM is often diagnosed only after around 5 years from onset, while paraneoplastic myositis is generally defined as the co-occurrence of malignancy and myopathy within 1 to 3 years of each other. Nevertheless, a significant association with large granular lymphocyte leukemia has been recently described in IBM, and there are reports of cancer-associated IBM. We review the pathogenic mechanisms supposed to be involved in IBM and outline the common mechanisms in IBM and malignancy, as well as the therapeutic perspectives. The terminally differentiated, CD8+ highly cytotoxic T cells expressing NK features are central in the pathogenesis of IBM and, paradoxically, play a role in some cancers as well. Interferon gamma plays a central role, mostly during the early stages of the disease. The secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, the autophagy and cell cycle dysregulation, and the crosstalk between metabolic and mitogenic pathways could be shared by IBM and cancer. There are intermingled subcellular mechanisms in IBM and neoplasia, and probably their co-existence is underestimated. The link between IBM and cancers deserves further interest, in order to search for efficient therapies in IBM and to improve muscle function, life quality, and survival in both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Damian
- Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Cezar Login
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Solomon
- Radiology Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Radiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Belizna
- UMR CNRS 6015—INSERM U1083, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
- Internal Medicine Department Clinique de l’Anjou, Angers and Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Svetlana Encica
- Department of Pathology, “Niculae Stancioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților St., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Urian
- Department of Hematology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400004 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Jurcut
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Calea Plevnei No 134, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Stancu
- 2nd Surgical Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University “Babes-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang X, Li M, Ji Y, Lin Y, Xu L, Gu X, Sun H, Wang W, Shen Y, Liu H, Zhu J. Changes of Gene Expression Patterns of Muscle Pathophysiology-Related Transcription Factors During Denervated Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:923190. [PMID: 35812340 PMCID: PMC9263185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.923190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is common, and can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The transcription factors have been proved to play a key role in denervated muscle atrophy. In order to systematically analyze transcription factors and obtain more comprehensive information of the molecular regulatory mechanisms in denervated muscle atrophy, a new transcriptome survey focused on transcription factors are warranted. In the current study, we used microarray to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors in denervated muscle atrophy in a rat model of sciatic nerve dissection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to explore the biological functions of differentially expressed transcription factors and their target genes related to skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We found that the differentially expressed transcription factors were mainly involved in the immune response. Based on correlation analysis and the expression trends of transcription factors, 18 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified. Stat3, Myod1, Runx1, Atf3, Junb, Runx2, Myf6, Stat5a, Tead4, Klf5, Myog, Mef2a, and Hes6 were upregulated. Ppargc1a, Nr4a1, Lhx2, Ppara, and Rxrg were downregulated. Functional network mapping revealed that these transcription factors are mainly involved in inflammation, development, aging, proteolysis, differentiation, regeneration, autophagy, oxidative stress, atrophy, and ubiquitination. These findings may help understand the regulatory mechanisms of denervated muscle atrophy and provide potential targets for future therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy following peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinghao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dantas WS, Zunica ERM, Heintz EC, Vandanmagsar B, Floyd ZE, Yu Y, Fujioka H, Hoppel CL, Belmont KP, Axelrod CL, Kirwan JP. Mitochondrial uncoupling attenuates sarcopenic obesity by enhancing skeletal muscle mitophagy and quality control. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1821-1836. [PMID: 35304976 PMCID: PMC9178352 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity is a highly prevalent disease with poor survival and ineffective medical interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is purported to be central in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity by impairing both organelle biogenesis and quality control. We have previously identified that a mitochondrial-targeted furazano[3,4-b]pyrazine named BAM15 is orally available and selectively lowers respiratory coupling efficiency and protects against diet-induced obesity in mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial uncoupling simultaneously attenuates loss of muscle function and weight gain in a mouse model of sarcopenic obesity. METHODS Eighty-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with obesity were randomized to 10 weeks of high fat diet (CTRL) or BAM15 (BAM15; 0.1% w/w in high fat diet) treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. Body composition, muscle function, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and glucose tolerance were determined after treatment. Skeletal muscle was harvested and evaluated for histology, gene expression, protein signalling, and mitochondrial structure and function. RESULTS BAM15 decreased body weight (54.0 ± 2.0 vs. 42.3 ± 1.3 g, P < 0.001) which was attributable to increased energy expenditure (10.1 ± 0.1 vs. 11.3 ± 0.4 kcal/day, P < 0.001). BAM15 increased muscle mass (52.7 ± 0.4 vs. 59.4 ± 1.0%, P < 0.001), strength (91.1 ± 1.3 vs. 124.9 ± 1.2 g, P < 0.0001), and locomotor activity (347.0 ± 14.4 vs. 432.7 ± 32.0 m, P < 0.001). Improvements in physical function were mediated in part by reductions in skeletal muscle inflammation (interleukin 6 and gp130, both P < 0.05), enhanced mitochondrial function, and improved endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Specifically, BAM15 activated mitochondrial quality control (PINK1-ubiquitin binding and LC3II, P < 0.01), increased mitochondrial activity (citrate synthase and complex II activity, all P < 0.05), restricted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) misfolding (decreased oligomer A11 insoluble/soluble ratio, P < 0.0001) while limiting ER stress (decreased PERK signalling, P < 0.0001), apoptotic signalling (decreased cytochrome C release and Caspase-3/9 activation, all P < 0.001), and muscle protein degradation (decreased 14-kDa actin fragment insoluble/soluble ratio, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial uncoupling by agents such as BAM15 may mitigate age-related decline in muscle mass and function by molecular and cellular bioenergetic adaptations that confer protection against sarcopenic obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bolormaa Vandanmagsar
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Ubiquitin Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Ubiquitin Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University of School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University of School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn P Belmont
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Qin X, Dang W, Yang X, Wang K, Kebreab E, Lyu L. Neddylation inactivation affects cell cycle and apoptosis in sheep follicular granulosa cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3278-3291. [PMID: 35578798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein neddylation inactivation is a novel topic in cancer research. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of neddylation underlying the development of sheep follicular granulosa cells (GCs). In this study, the development of follicular GCs in sheep was inactivated by MLN4924, a neddylation-specific inhibitor, which significantly attenuated the proliferation and cell index of sheep follicular GCs. Further, the inactivation of neddylation by MLN4924 caused the accumulation of the cullin ring ligase (CRLs) substrates Wee1 and c-Myc, which could upregulate NOXA protein expression. Meanwhile, the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL2) family members Bcl-2 and MCL-1 were downregulated, subsequently inducing apoptosis in follicular GCs of sheep. Increasing Wee1 levels caused G2/M-phase arrest. The effects of neddylation inactivation on Akt, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and Forkhead box class O(FOXO) family members were evaluated. Neddylation inactivation by MLN4924 increased the levels of phospho-Akt, JAK2, phospho-STAT3, and FOXO1 (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of phospho-FOXO3a and STAT3 (p < 0.05). In addition, MLN4924 could alter the mitochondrial morphology of GCs, increase cellular glucose utilization and lactate production, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and promote sheep follicular GCs glycolysis, thus causing changes in mitochondrial functions. Together, these findings point to an unrecognized role of neddylation in regulating follicular GCs proliferation in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Qin
- Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Dang
- Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lihua Lyu
- Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|