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Zhang R, Qin C, Zhang J, HonghongRen, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu F. DNA hypomethylation of Syk induces oxidative stress and apoptosis via the PKCβ/P66shc signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23564. [PMID: 38522019 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301579r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, especially DNA methylation, have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is known to be involved in immune and inflammatory disorders. We, therefore, investigated the possible involvement of Syk promoter methylation in DKD, and the mechanisms underlying this process. Kidney tissues were obtained from renal biopsies of patients with early and advanced DKD. A diabetic mouse model (ApoE-/- DM) was generated from ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice using a high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with low-dose streptozocin intraperitoneal injection. We also established an in vitro model using HK2 cells. A marked elevation in the expression levels of Syk, PKCβ, and P66shc in renal tubules was observed in patients with DKD. In ApoE-/- DM mice, Syk expression and the binding of Sp1 to the Syk gene promoter were both increased in the kidney. In addition, the promoter region of the Syk gene exhibited hypomethylation. Syk inhibitor (R788) intervention improved renal function and alleviated pathologic changes in ApoE-/- DM mice. Moreover, R788 intervention alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis and downregulated the expression of PKCβ/P66shc signaling pathway proteins. In HK2 cells, oxLDL combined with high-glucose stimulation upregulated Sp1 expression in the nucleus (compared with control and oxLDL groups), and this was accompanied by an increase in the binding of Sp1 to the Syk gene promoter. SP1 silencing downregulated the expression of Syk and inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis. Finally, PKC agonist intervention reversed the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by Syk inhibitor (R406). In DKD, hypomethylation at the Syk gene promoter was accompanied by an increase in Sp1 binding at the promoter. As a consequence of this enhanced Sp1 binding, Syk gene expression was upregulated. Syk inhibitors could attenuate DKD-associated oxidative stress and apoptosis via downregulation of PKCβ/P66shc signaling pathway proteins. Together, our results identify Syk as a promising target for intervention in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Qin
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - HonghongRen
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Zhao J, Li J, Li G, Chen M. The role of mitochondria-associated membranes mediated ROS on NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1059576. [PMID: 36588561 PMCID: PMC9794868 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1059576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is essential for the homeostasis of cells. Appropriate production of ROS is an important signaling molecule, but excessive ROS production can damage cells. ROS and ROS-associated proteins can act as damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) to activate the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have shown that there are connected sites, termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. In cardiovascular disease progression, MAMs play multiple roles, the most important of which is the ability to mediate ROS generation, which further activates the NLPR3 inflammasome, exacerbating the progression of disease. In this review, the following topics will be covered: 1. Molecular structures on MAMs that can mediate ROS generation; 2. Specific mechanisms of molecule-mediated ROS generation and the molecules' roles in cardiovascular disease, 3. The effects of MAMs-mediated ROS on the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to provide a basis for subsequent clinical treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyong Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Mao Chen
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Huber R, Diekmann M, Hoffmeister L, Kühl F, Welz B, Brand K. MARCKS Is an Essential Regulator of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Monocytic Cell Type. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081600. [PMID: 36009319 PMCID: PMC9404745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a ubiquitous protein mediating versatile effects in a variety of cell types, including actin crosslinking, signal transduction, and intracellular transport processes. MARCKS’s functional role in monocyte/macrophages, however, has not yet been adequately addressed. Thus, the aim of this study was to further elucidate the impact of MARCKS on central cellular functions of monocytic cells. To address this topic, we generated monocytic THP-1 (Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1)-derived MARCKS wildtype and knockout (KO) cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Remarkably, in the absence of MARCKS, both total and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were strongly suppressed but restored following transient MARCKS re-transfection. In contrast, proliferation, differentiation, cytokine expression, and phagocytosis remained unaltered. A complete inhibition of ROS production could also be achieved in THP-1-derived PKCβ KO cells or in PKC inhibitor Staurosporine-treated primary human monocytes. MARCKS deficiency also involved reduced basal Akt phosphorylation and delayed re-phosphorylation. Further analyses indicated that long-term TNF pre-incubation strongly enhances monocytic ROS production, which was completely blocked in MARCKS and PKCβ KO cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that MARCKS is an essential molecule enabling ROS production by monocytic cells and suggests that MARCKS is part of a signal cascade involved in ROS formation.
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Mir HA, Ali R, Wani ZA, Khanday FA. Pro-oxidant vitamin C mechanistically exploits p66Shc/Rac1GTPase pathway in inducing cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:154-168. [PMID: 35181322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
P66Shc is the master regulator of oxidative stress whose pro-oxidant functioning is governed by ser36 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated p66Shc via Rac1GTPase activation modulates ROS levels which in turn influence its pro-oxidative functions. Vitamin C at higher concentrations exhibits cytotoxic activity in various cancers, inducing ROS mediated cell death via pro-apoptotic mechanisms. Here we show a novel role of p66Shc in mediating pro-oxidant activity of vitamin C. Effect of vitamin C on the viability of breast cancer and normal cells was studied. High doses of vitamin C decreased viability of cancerous cells but not normal cells. Docking study displayed significant binding affinity of vitamin C with p66Shc PTB domain. Western blot results suggest that vitamin C not only enhances p66Shc expression but also induces its ser36 phosphorylation. Vitamin C at high doses was also found to activate Rac1, enhance ROS production and induce apoptosis. Interestingly, ser36 phosphorylation mutant transfection and pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine results indicate that vitamin C induced Rac1 activation, ROS production and apoptosis is p66Shc ser36 phosphorylation dependent. Overall, results highlight that vitamin C mechanistically explores p66Shc/Rac1 pathway in inducing apoptosis and thus can pave a way to use this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Roshia Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Firdous Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
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5
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Zhang H, Pang X, Yu H, Zhou H. Genistein suppresses ox-LDL-elicited oxidative stress and senescence in HUVECs through the SIRT1-p66shc-Foxo3a pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22939. [PMID: 34719845 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The anti-senescence function of genistein is related to inhibiting oxidative stress, however, the mechanism has not been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the effects of genistein on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial senescence and the role of the sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)-66-kDa Src homology 2 domain-containing protein (p66Shc)-forkhead box protein O3 (Foxo3a) pathways in the process. In this paper, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with 1000 nM genistein for 30 min and then incubated with 50 mg/L ox-LDL for another 12 h; meanwhile, the functions of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of p66shc and small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of SIRT1 were investigated. Results showed that genistein pretreatment alleviated ox-LDL-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the levels of oxidatively modified DNA (8-OHdG) and pai-1, and the activity of SA-β-gal, which was associated with mitigating p66shc. Further studies indicated the inhibitory effect of genistein on p66shc was correlated with suppressing the acetylation and phosphorylation of p66shc, and ameliorating its mitochondrial translocation by activating SIRT1. Moreover, the inactivated p66shc could enhance the activity of Foxo3a via restraining the phosphorylation and triggering nucleus accumulation. The study demonstrates genistein could prevent ox-LDL-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and senescence through the SIRT1-p66shc-Foxo3a pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xuefen Pang
- National Key Disciplines, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
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Yang YY, Deng RR, Chen Z, Yao LY, Yang XD, Xiang DX. Piperazine ferulate attenuates high glucose‑induced mesangial cell injury via the regulation of p66 Shc. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:374. [PMID: 33760157 PMCID: PMC7985999 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes. Hyperglycemia-induced glomerular mesangial cells injury is associated with microvascular damage, which is an important step in the development of DN. Piperazine ferulate (PF) has been reported to exert protective effects against the progression of DN. However, whether PF prevents high glucose (HG)-induced mesangial cell injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PF on HG-induced mesangial cell injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Protein and mRNA expression levels were determined via western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA. Reactive oxygen species levels and NF-κB p65 nuclear translation were determined via immunofluorescence analysis. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, as well as using MTT and flow cytometric assays. The mitochondrial membrane potential of mesangial cells was determined using the JC-1 kit. The results revealed that LDH release were increased; however, cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were decreased in the HG group compared with the control group. These changes were inhibited after the mesangial cells were treated with PF. Moreover, PF significantly inhibited the HG-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of NF-κB in mesangial cells. PF also attenuated the HG-induced upregulation of the expression levels of fibronectin and collagen 4A1. Furthermore, the overexpression of p66Src homology/collagen (Shc) abolished the protective effect of PF on HG-induced mesangial cell injury. In vivo experiments revealed that PF inhibited the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, glomerular cell apoptosis and mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic mice. Collectively, the present findings demonstrated that PF attenuated HG-induced mesangial cells injury by inhibiting p66Shc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Yuan Yao
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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7
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Ihenacho UK, Meacham KA, Harwig MC, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial Fission Protein 1: Emerging Roles in Organellar Form and Function in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660095. [PMID: 33841340 PMCID: PMC8027123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) was identified in yeast as being essential for mitochondrial division or fission and subsequently determined to mediate human mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Yet, its exact functions in humans, especially in regard to mitochondrial fission, remains an enigma as genetic deletion of Fis1 elongates mitochondria in some cell types, but not others. Fis1 has also been identified as an important component of apoptotic and mitophagic pathways suggesting the protein may have multiple, essential roles. This review presents current perspectives on the emerging functions of Fis1 and their implications in human health and diseases, with an emphasis on Fis1's role in both endocrine and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Meacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E. Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Blake Hill,
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8
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Mir HA, Ali R, Mushtaq U, Khanday FA. Structure-functional implications of longevity protein p66Shc in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101139. [PMID: 32795504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ShcA (Src homologous- collagen homologue), family of adapter proteins, consists of three isoforms which integrate and transduce external stimuli to different signaling networks. ShcA family consists of p46Shc, p52Shc and p66Shc isoforms, characterized by having multiple protein-lipid and protein-protein interaction domains implying their functional diversity. Among the three isoforms p66Shc is structurally different containing an additional CH2 domain which attributes to its dual functionality in cell growth, mediating both cell proliferation and apoptosis. Besides, p66Shc is also involved in different biological processes including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell migration, ageing, cytoskeletal reorganization and cell adhesion. Moreover, the interplay between p66Shc and ROS is implicated in the pathology of various dreadful diseases. Accordingly, here we discuss the recent structural aspects of all ShcA adaptor proteins but are highlighting the case of p66Shc as model isoform. Furthermore, this review insights the role of p66Shc in progression of chronic age-related diseases like neuro diseases, metabolic disorders (non-alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, vascular endothelial dysfunction) and cancer in relation to ROS. We finally conclude that p66Shc might act as a valuable biomarker for the prognosis of these diseases and could be used as a potential therapeutic target.
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Liu Z, Hu L, Zhang T, Xu H, Li H, Yang Z, Zhou M, Smith HS, Li J, Ran J, Deng Z. PKCβ increases ROS levels leading to vascular endothelial injury in diabetic foot ulcers. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6409-6421. [PMID: 33194039 PMCID: PMC7653566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of oxidative stress injury in the diabetic foot. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and staining were used to detect changes in diabetic foot tissue, and the CCK-8 method was used to measure high glucose effect on cell viability. The DCFH-DA assay was used to detect the intracellular ROS content, and colorimetric methods were used to detect the activities of the CAT and SOD enzymes and the NO and MDA content in tissues and cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of PKCβ, p66shc, eNOS, ICAM-1 and NF-κB in tissues and cells were detected by Western blotting, and the distribution of p66shc and eNOS was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results of clinical specimens experiments showed that the DFU group exhibited disordered morphology and increased glucose metabolism, decreased activities of the enzymes CAT and SOD in tissues, and increased MDA and NO contents compared to those in the CON group. Furthermore, protein levels of the p-PKCβ, p-p66shc, ICAM-1, and p-NF-κB were increased, and eNOS protein level was decreased; these results were consistent in clinical specimens and in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS High glucose levels may induce oxidative stress injury in cells and tissues by activating the PKCβ-p66shc signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhouqian Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hendrea Shaniqua Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
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Günther JK, Nikolajevic A, Ebner S, Troppmair J, Khalid S. Rigosertib-Activated JNK1/2 Eliminate Tumor Cells through p66Shc Activation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9050099. [PMID: 32429320 PMCID: PMC7284707 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rigosertib, via reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulates cJun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2), which inactivate RAS/RAF signaling and thereby inhibit growth and survival of tumor cells. JNK1/2 are not only regulated by ROS—they in turn can also control ROS production. The prooxidant and cell death function of p66Shc requires phosphorylation by JNK1/2. Here, we provide evidence that establishes p66Shc, an oxidoreductase, as a JNK1/2 effector downstream of Rigosertib-induced ROS production, DNA damage, and cell death. This may provide a common pathway for suppression of tumor cell growth by Rigosertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Günther
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery (VTT), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.K.G.); (A.N.); (S.E.)
| | - Aleksandar Nikolajevic
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery (VTT), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.K.G.); (A.N.); (S.E.)
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery (VTT), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.K.G.); (A.N.); (S.E.)
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery (VTT), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.K.G.); (A.N.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.K.); Tel.: +43-512-504-27819 (J.T.); +1-484-535-2021 (S.K.)
| | - Sana Khalid
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery (VTT), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.K.G.); (A.N.); (S.E.)
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.K.); Tel.: +43-512-504-27819 (J.T.); +1-484-535-2021 (S.K.)
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11
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Hao C, Wu X, Zhou R, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang X, Feng Y, Mei L, He C, Cai X, Wu L. Downregulation of p66Shc can reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in oxidative stress model of marginal cells of stria vascularis in Sprague Dawley rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3199-3206. [PMID: 31686782 PMCID: PMC6751335 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s214918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background p66Shc, a Src homologue and collagen homologue (Shc) adaptor protein, mediates oxidative stress signaling. The p66Shc-null mice have increased lifespan and enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Studies have also indicated its potential role in inner ear aging, which can lead to deafness. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of p66Shc down-regulation on the marginal cells (MCs) of the inner ear stria vascularis. Methods Primary MCs were isolated from neonatal rats and treated with glucose oxidase to induce oxidative stress. The cells were transduced with adenovirus expressing siRNA, and the knockdown was verified by Western blotting. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis were analyzed using the DCFH-DA probe and Annexin-V/7-AAD staining respectively. The ultrastructure of the differentially-treated cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The in vitro oxidative stress model was established successfully in rat MCs. Knockdown of p66Shc alleviated the high ROS levels and apoptosis in the glucose oxidase-treated cells. In addition, glucose oxidase significantly increased the number of peroxisomes in the MCs, which was decreased by p66Shc inhibition. Conclusion Oxidative stress increases p66Shc levels in the marginal cells of the inner ear, which aggravates ROS production and cellular injury. Blocking p66Shc expression can effectively reduce oxidative stress and protect the MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chufeng He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhang Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Jiang W, Xiao T, Han W, Xiong J, He T, Liu Y, Huang Y, Yang K, Bi X, Xu X, Yu Y, Li Y, Gu J, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao J. Klotho inhibits PKCα/p66SHC-mediated podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110490. [PMID: 31207271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive disease, the main pathogeny of which is podocyte injury. As a calcium-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase involved in podocyte injury, protein kinase C isoform α (PKCα) was reported to regulate the phosphorylation of p66SHC. However, the role of PKCα/p66SHC in DN remains unknown. Klotho, an anti-aging protein with critical roles in protecting kidney, is expressed predominantly in the kidney and secreted in the blood. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying amelioration of podocyte injury by Klotho in DN remains unclear. Our data showed that Klotho was decreased in STZ-treated mice and was further declined in diabetic KL ± mice. As expected, Klotho deficiency aggravated diabetes-induced proteinuria and podocyte injury, accompanied by the activation of PKCα and p66SHC. In contrast, overexpression of Klotho partially ameliorated PKCα/p66SHC-mediated podocyte injury and proteinuria. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that activation of PKCα and subsequently increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in podocytic apoptosis induced by high glucose (HG), which could be partially reversed by Klotho. Hence, we conclude that Klotho might inhibit PKCα/p66SHC-mediated podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Yi H, Xu D, Wu X, Xu F, Lin L, Zhou H. Isosteviol Protects Free Fatty Acid- and High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Injury via Modulating PKC-β/p66Shc/ROS and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1949-1968. [PMID: 30484323 PMCID: PMC6486675 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases. However, there are no approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of NAFLD other than managing life style and controlling diets. Extensive studies have demonstrated that multiple mechanisms are involved in free fatty acid (FFA)- and high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and lysosome dysfunction. A previous study reported that Isosteviol (ISV), a derivative of stevioside, prevents HFD-induced hepatic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Results: In this study, we examined the potential cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying ISV-mediated protective effect against FFA-/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by using both in vitro primary rat hepatocytes and the in vivo rat NAFLD model. The results indicated that ISV inhibits FFA-/HFD-induced hepatic injury via reducing oxidative and ER stress. Specifically, ISV inhibited the expression, activation, and mitochondrial translocation of Src-homology-2-domain-containing transforming protein 1 (p66Shc), an adapter protein that mediates oxidative stress-induced injury and is a substrate of protein kinase C-β (PKC-β), via inhibition of PKC-β activity. However, ISV had no effect on the expression and activity of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, isomerase and phosphorylase of p66Shc. In addition, ISV also inhibited FFA-induced ER stress and decreased ER-mitochondrial interaction. Innovation and Conclusion: We first identified that ISV prevents FFA-/HFD-induced hepatic injury through modulating PKC-β/p66Shc/oxidative and ER stress pathways. ISV represents a promising therapeutic agent for NAFLD in the future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 1949-1968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yi
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyi Xu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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14
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Boengler K, Bornbaum J, Schlüter KD, Schulz R. P66shc and its role in ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:29. [PMID: 31165272 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in the formation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the development of several cardiovascular diseases. ROS originate from various cellular origins; however, the highest amount of ROS is produced by mitochondria. One of the proteins contributing to mitochondrial ROS formation is the adaptor protein p66shc, which upon cellular stresses translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria. In the present review, we focus on the role of p66shc in longevity, in the development of cardiovascular diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis and its risk factors, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the protection from it by ischemic preconditioning. Also, the contribution of p66shc towards cerebral pathologies and the potential of the protein as a therapeutic target for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Bornbaum
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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15
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Modulation of Obesity and Insulin Resistance by the Redox Enzyme and Adaptor Protein p66 Shc. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040985. [PMID: 30813483 PMCID: PMC6412263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially reported as a longevity-related protein, the 66 kDa isoform of the mammalian Shc1 locus has been implicated in several metabolic pathways, being able to act both as an adaptor protein and as a redox enzyme capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when it localizes to the mitochondrion. Ablation of p66Shc has been shown to be protective against obesity and the insurgence of insulin resistance, but not all the studies available in the literature agree on these points. This review will focus in particular on the role of p66Shc in the modulation of glucose homeostasis, obesity, body temperature, and respiration/energy expenditure. In view of the obesity and diabetes epidemic, p66Shc may represent a promising therapeutic target with enormous implications for human health.
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16
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p66Shc activation promotes increased oxidative phosphorylation and renders CNS cells more vulnerable to amyloid beta toxicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17081. [PMID: 30459314 PMCID: PMC6244282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of the neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide within the brains of affected individuals. Previous studies have shown that neuronal cells selected for resistance to Aβ toxicity display a metabolic shift from mitochondrial-dependent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis to meet their energy needs. The Src homology/collagen (Shc) adaptor protein p66Shc is a key regulator of mitochondrial function, ROS production and aging. Moreover, increased expression and activation of p66Shc promotes a shift in the cellular metabolic state from aerobic glycolysis to OXPHOS in cancer cells. Here we evaluated the hypothesis that activation of p66Shc in CNS cells promotes both increased OXPHOS and enhanced sensitivity to Aβ toxicity. The effect of altered p66Shc expression on metabolic activity was assessed in rodent HT22 and B12 cell lines of neuronal and glial origin respectively. Overexpression of p66Shc repressed glycolytic enzyme expression and increased both mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and ROS levels in HT22 cells. The opposite effect was observed when endogenous p66Shc expression was knocked down in B12 cells. Moreover, p66Shc activation in both cell lines increased their sensitivity to Aβ toxicity. Our findings indicate that expression and activation of p66Shc renders CNS cells more sensitive to Aβ toxicity by promoting mitochondrial OXPHOS and ROS production while repressing aerobic glycolysis. Thus, p66Shc may represent a potential therapeutically relevant target for the treatment of AD.
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17
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Palygin O, Miller BS, Nishijima Y, Zhang DX, Staruschenko A, Sorokin A. Endothelin receptor A and p66Shc regulate spontaneous Ca 2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells controlling renal arterial spontaneous motion. FASEB J 2018; 33:2636-2645. [PMID: 30303741 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800776rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein p66Shc is overexpressed in smooth muscle cells of renal resistance vessels of hypertensive salt-sensitive rats and is involved in the regulation of renal vascular tone. We applied 2-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy to analyze spontaneous dynamic fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in smooth muscle cells embedded in the walls of freshly isolated renal resistance arteries. The amplitude, number of events, and frequency of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations triggered by endogenously released endothelin-1 were recorded in smooth muscle cells of the renal arteries. Endothelin receptor A antagonist BQ123 dramatically reduced the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ events, producing marked inhibition of renal vessels spontaneous motion. Spontaneous Ca2+ fluctuations in smooth muscle cells of p66Shc knockout (p66ShcKO) rats had significantly higher amplitude than in control rats. The frequency of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations did not change in p66ShcKO rats, suggesting that p66Shc expression did not affect endothelin-1 release from resident endothelial cells. Acute application of endothelin-1 revealed significantly elevated production of the total [Ca2+]i in p66ShcKO rats. Spontaneous cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells of renal vessels mediate their spontaneous motion via the endothelin-1/endothelin receptor A pathway. p66Shc decreases the amplitude of individual changes in [Ca2+]i, which mitigates the spontaneous motion of renal vessels.-Palygin, O., Miller, B. S., Nishijima, Y., Zhang, D. X., Staruschenko, A., Sorokin, A. Endothelin receptor A and p66Shc regulate spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells controlling renal arterial spontaneous motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; and.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; and.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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18
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Furlan T, Khalid S, Nguyen AV, Günther J, Troppmair J. The oxidoreductase p66Shc acts as tumor suppressor in BRAFV600E-transformed cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:869-882. [PMID: 29624862 PMCID: PMC5983121 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, as exemplified by the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, is a common feature of transformed cells. In many tumors, altered metabolism is also reflected in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which contribute to proliferation and survival signaling. However, despite high ROS levels, cancer cells can be efficiently killed by further increasing ROS production. We have shown previously that both wild‐type and oncogenic CRAF and BRAF prevent excessive mitochondrial ROS production. Subsequently, it has been demonstrated that raising ROS levels in BRAFV600E‐transformed melanoma cells by inhibiting BRAF or MEK rendered them susceptible to cell death induction. To understand how oncogenic BRAF affects mitochondrial ROS production in melanoma, we studied the mitochondrial ROS‐producing oxidoreductase p66Shc, which is frequently overexpressed in tumors. Using NIH 3T3 BRAFV600E fibroblasts and the melanoma cell lines A375 and M238 carrying the same BRAF mutation, we show that under treatment with the ROS‐inducing agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), oncogenic BRAF renders cells refractory to p66ShcS36 phosphorylation, which is essential for p66Shc activation and mitochondrial ROS production. Consistent with this, the activation of JNK1/2, which phosphorylate S36, was blunted, while other mitogen‐activated protein kinases were not affected. Inhibition of JNK1/2 efficiently prevented ROS production, while BRAF and MEK inhibitors increased ROS levels. Vemurafenib‐resistant M238R melanoma cells were impaired in S36 phosphorylation and ROS production following PEITC treatment. Moreover, they failed to increase ROS levels after MEK/BRAF inhibition. Finally, shRNA‐mediated knockdown of p66Shc led to increased growth of BRAFV600E‐transformed NIH 3T3 cells in soft agar assay. Taken together, these data suggest that phosphorylation‐activated p66Shc functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Furlan
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria
| | - Sana Khalid
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria
| | - Anh-Vu Nguyen
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria
| | - Julia Günther
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria
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19
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p66Shc Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Dependent on PKC Activation in Airway Epithelial Cells Induced by Cigarette Smoke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5837123. [PMID: 29849902 PMCID: PMC5925171 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5837123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial mitochondrial injury plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The p66Shc adaptor protein is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, little is known about the effect of p66Shc on airway epithelial damage in the development of COPD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the roles of p66Shc and its upstream regulators in the mitochondrial injury of airway epithelial cells (Beas-2b) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our present study revealed that CSE increased p66Shc expression and its mitochondrial translocation in concentration and time-dependent manners in airway epithelial cells. And p66Shc siRNA significantly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury when airway epithelial cells were stimulated with 7.5% CSE. The total and phosphorylated expression of PKCβ and PKCδ was significantly increased associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury when airway epithelial cells were exposed to 7.5% CSE. The pretreatments with pharmacological inhibitors of PKCβ and PKCδ could notably suppress p66Shc phosphorylation and its mitochondrial translocation and protect the mitochondria and cells against oxidative damage when airway epithelial cells were incubated with 7.5% CSE. These data suggest that a novel PKCβ/δ-p66Shc signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and other oxidative stress-associated pulmonary diseases and provide a potential therapeutic target for these diseases.
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20
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Wright KD, Staruschenko A, Sorokin A. Role of adaptor protein p66Shc in renal pathologies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F143-F153. [PMID: 28978535 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00414.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is one of the three adaptor proteins encoded by the Shc1 gene, which are expressed in many organs, including the kidney. Recent studies shed new light on several key questions concerning the signaling mechanisms mediated by p66Shc. The central goal of this review article is to summarize recent findings on p66Shc and the role it plays in kidney physiology and pathology. This article provides a review of the various mechanisms whereby p66Shc has been shown to function within the kidney through a wide range of actions. The mitochondrial and cytoplasmic signaling of p66Shc, as it relates to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and renal pathologies, is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Wright
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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