1
|
Castejón-Griñán M, Cerdido S, Sánchez-Beltrán J, Lambertos A, Abrisqueta M, Herraiz C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, García-Borrón JC. Melanoma-associated melanocortin 1 receptor variants confer redox signaling-dependent protection against oxidative DNA damage. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103135. [PMID: 38565069 PMCID: PMC11002308 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma, a lethal skin cancer, arises from malignant transformation of melanocytes. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental risk factor for melanoma since its interaction with the skin generates DNA damage, either directly or indirectly via oxidative stress. Pheomelanin pigments exacerbate oxidative stress in melanocytes by UVR-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, oxidative stress is considered to contribute to melanomagenesis, particularly in people with pheomelanic pigmentation. The melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) is a major melanoma susceptibility gene. Frequent MC1R variants (varMC1R) associated with fair skin and red or yellow hair color display hypomorphic signaling to the cAMP pathway and are associated with higher melanoma risk. This association is thought to be due to production of photosensitizing pheomelanins as well as deficient induction of DNA damage repair downstream of varMC1R. However, the data on modulation of oxidative DNA damage repair by MC1R remain scarce. We recently demonstrated that varMC1R accelerates clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA strand breaks in an AKT-dependent manner. Here we show that varMC1R also protects against ROS-dependent formation of 8-oxodG, the most frequent oxidative DNA lesion. Since the base excision repair (BER) pathway mediates clearance of these DNA lesions, we analyzed induction of BER enzymes in human melanoma cells of varMC1R genotype. Agonist-mediated activation of both wildtype (wtMC1R) and varMC1R significantly induced OGG and APE-1/Ref1, the rate-limiting BER enzymes responsible for repair of 8-oxodG. Moreover, we found that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent generation of ROS was responsible for AKT activation and oxidative DNA damage repair downstream of varMC1R. These observations provide a better understanding of the functional properties of melanoma-associated MC1R alleles and may be useful for the rational development of strategies to correct defective varMC1R responses for efficient photoprotection and melanoma prevention in fair-skinned individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Castejón-Griñán
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sonia Cerdido
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - José Sánchez-Beltrán
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Lambertos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marta Abrisqueta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - José Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeung D, Lee GE, Chen W, Byun J, Nam SB, Park YM, Lee HS, Kang HC, Lee JY, Kim KD, Hong YS, Lee CJ, Kim DJ, Cho YY. Ribosomal S6 kinase 2-forkhead box protein O4 signaling pathway plays an essential role in melanogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9440. [PMID: 38658799 PMCID: PMC11043394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined the signaling pathway involved in melanogenesis through which ultraviolet (UV) or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-MSH) stimuli act as key inducers to produce melanin at the stratum basal layer of the epidermis, the signaling pathway regulating melanogenesis is still controversial. This study reports that α-MSH, not UVA and UVB, acted as a major stimulus of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Signaling pathway analysis using gene knockdown technology and chemical inhibitors, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) played an important role in melanogenesis. Unexpectedly, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, increased melanogenesis without UV or α-MSH stimulation, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may not be a major signaling pathway for melanogenesis. Chemical inhibition of the MEKs/ERKs/RSK2 signaling pathway using U0126 or BI-D1870 suppressed melanogenesis by stimulation of UVA or α-MSH stimulation, or both. In particular, the genetic depletion of RSK2 or constitutive active (CA)-RSK2 overexpression showed that RSK2 plays a key role in melanogenesis. Interestingly, forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4) was phosphorylated by RSK2, resulting in the increase of FOXO4's transactivation activity. Notably, the FOXO4 mutant harboring serine-to-alanine replacement at the phosphorylation sites totally abrogated the transactivation activity and reduced melanin production, indicating that RSK2-mediated FOXO4 activity plays a key role in melanogenesis. Furthermore, kaempferol, a flavonoid inhibiting the RSK2 activity, suppressed melanogenesis. In addition, FOXO4-wt overexpression showed that FOXO4 enhance melanin synthesis. Overall, the RSK2-FOXO4 signaling pathway plays a key role in modulating melanogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Jeung
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Weidong Chen
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Jiin Byun
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Soo-Bin Nam
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
- Biopharmaceutical research center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Min Park
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, South Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chongbuk, 28116, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Biopharmaceutical research center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, MBMRF, 1.410, 5300, North L St., McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21-4Th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Xue Z, Tian Y, Zeng W, Zhang T, Lu H. A single-cell transcriptome atlas of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103513. [PMID: 38350389 PMCID: PMC10875617 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As the largest organ of the body, the skin participates in various physiological activities, such as barrier function, sensory function, and temperature regulation, thereby maintaining the balance between the body and the natural environment. To date, compositional and transcriptional profiles in chicken skin cells have not been reported. Here, we report detailed transcriptome analyses of cell populations present in the skin of a black-feather chicken and a white-feather chicken using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). By analyzing cluster-specific gene expression profiles, we identified 12 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Subsequently, we characterized the subpopulations of keratinocytes, myocytes, mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and melanocytes. It is worth noting that we have identified a subpopulation of keratinocytes involved in pigment granule capture and a subpopulation of melanocytes involved in pigment granule deposition, both of which have a higher cell abundance in black-feather chicken compared to white-feather chicken. Meanwhile, we also compared the cellular heterogeneity features of Lueyang black-bone chicken skin with different feather colors. In addition, we also screened out 12 genes those could be potential markers of melanocytes. Finally, we validated the specific expression of SGK1, WNT5A, CTSC, TYR, and LAPTM5 in black-feather chicken, which may be the key candidate genes determining the feather color differentiation of Lueyang black-bone chicken. In summary, this study first revealed the transcriptome characteristics of chicken skin cells via scRNA-seq technology. These datasets provide valuable information for the study of avian skin characteristics and have important implications for future poultry breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Yingmin Tian
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Quality Improvement and Safety Control of Qinba Special Meat Products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 723001 Hanzhong, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, 723001 Hanzhong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yap PG, Gan CY. Tyrosinase inhibitory peptides: Structure-activity relationship study on peptide chemical properties, terminal preferences and intracellular regulation of melanogenesis signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130503. [PMID: 37923180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive peptides have gained attention as potential alternatives to chemical-based skin lightening agents. Based on literature search, the reported articles focused mainly on the sources and preparation methods of tyrosinase inhibitory peptides and there is lacking information regarding the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between peptide property and tyrosinase inhibition. It was hypothesized that peptide properties such as hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and the amino acid type and position/arrangement at the terminal positions could affect peptide mode of binding hence result in various degrees of tyrosinase inhibition. METHODS In this study, the sequences of 128 tyrosinase inhibitory peptides were collected from peer-reviewed articles. The hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity property and the amino acid profile of peptides at the N- and C-terminals were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Molecular docking analysis was employed to further elucidate the roles of reactive amino acids in tyrosinase-peptide binding interactions. The peptide-regulated intracellular melanogenesis pathways were also compiled and discussed. RESULTS It was found that hydrophobic and/or polar neutral properties may facilitate or stabilize peptide binding with tyrosinase. Moreover, short peptides featuring a cysteine and tyrosine at the N- and C- terminal ultimate positions tend to bind to the active site of tyrosinase whereas positively charged amino acid such as arginine at the N-terminal does not favor peptide binding to tyrosinase. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide detailed explanation on how peptide/amino acid structures are related and what function they play in tyrosinase inhibition. It could also inspire researchers to account for tyrosinase-peptide SAR and the underlying anti-melanogenesis mechanisms in formulating peptide-based treatments or strategies against skin hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Gee Yap
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan R, Hua T, Guo Q, Bai H, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen G, Wu X, Chang G. Identification of SNPs in MITF associated with beak color of duck. Front Genet 2023; 14:1161396. [PMID: 37671042 PMCID: PMC10475569 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1161396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Beak color-a pigment-related trait-is an important feature of duck breeds. Recently, little research has addressed genetic mechanism of the beak colors in poultry, whereas the process and the regulation factors of melanin deposition have been well described. Methods: To investigate the genetic mechanism of beak colors, we conducted an integrated analysis of genomic selection signatures to identify a candidate site associated with beak color. For this, we used black-billed (Yiyang I meat duck synthetic line H1, H2, H3&HF) and yellow-billed ducks (Cherry Valley ducks and white feather Putian black duck). Quantitative real-time PCR and genotyping approaches were used to verify the function of the candidate site. Results: We identified 3,895 windows containing 509 genes. After GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, nine genes were selected. Ultimately, MITF was selected by comparing the genomic differentiation (FST). After loci information selection, 41 extreme significantly different loci were selected, which are all located in intron regions of MITF and are in almost complete linkage disequilibrium. Subsequently, the site ASM874695v1:10:g.17814522T > A in MITF was selected as the marker site. Furthermore, we found that MITF expression is significantly higher in black-beaked ducks than in yellow-beaked ducks of the F2 generation (p < 0.01). After genotyping, most yellow-billed individuals are found with homozygous variant; at the same time, there are no birds with homozygous variant in black-billed populations, while the birds with homozygous and heterozygous variant share the same proportion. Conclusion: MITF plays a very critical role in the melanogenesis and melanin deposition of duck beaks, which can effectively affect the beak color. The MITF site, ASM874695v1:10:g.17814522T > A could be selected as a marker site for the duck beak color phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Božić M, Pirnat S, Fink K, Potokar M, Kreft M, Zorec R, Stenovec M. Ketamine Reduces the Surface Density of the Astroglial Kir4.1 Channel and Inhibits Voltage-Activated Currents in a Manner Similar to the Action of Ba 2+ on K + Currents. Cells 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37408194 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting beneficial effects in patients with a major depressive disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. It has been proposed that astrocyte dysregulation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) alters neuronal excitability, thus contributing to depression. We examined how ketamine affects inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1, the principal regulator of K+ buffering and neuronal excitability in the brain. Cultured rat cortical astrocytes were transfected with plasmid-encoding fluorescently tagged Kir4.1 (Kir4.1-EGFP) to monitor the mobility of Kir4.1-EGFP vesicles at rest and after ketamine treatment (2.5 or 25 µM). Short-term (30 min) ketamine treatment reduced the mobility of Kir4.1-EGFP vesicles compared with the vehicle-treated controls (p < 0.05). Astrocyte treatment (24 h) with dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate, 1 mM) or [K+]o (15 mM), which increases intracellular cAMP, mimicked the ketamine-evoked reduction of mobility. Live cell immunolabelling and patch-clamp measurements in cultured mouse astrocytes revealed that short-term ketamine treatment reduced the surface density of Kir4.1 and inhibited voltage-activated currents similar to Ba2+ (300 µM), a Kir4.1 blocker. Thus, ketamine attenuates Kir4.1 vesicle mobility, likely via a cAMP-dependent mechanism, reduces Kir4.1 surface density, and inhibits voltage-activated currents similar to Ba2+, known to block Kir4.1 channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mićo Božić
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Pirnat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Fink
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei X, Wang B, Wu Z, Yang X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Fang Z, Yi C, Zhang L, Fan X, Zhang L, Song D. WD repeat protein 54-mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility 1 axis promotes bladder cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis and impairs chemosensitivity. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216058. [PMID: 36627049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most abundant protein-protein interaction domains in the human proteome is the WD40 repeat (WDR) domain. A Gene Expression Omnibus dataset revealed 37 differentially expressed WDR domain genes in bladder cancer (BC). WD repeat domain 54 (WDR54), an upregulated WDR domain gene, was selected for further investigation. Sixty pairs of frozen BC tumor and non-malignant bladder tissues and 83 paraffin-embedded BC tissue specimens were obtained. Loss-/gain-of-function experiments were carried out using BC and xenograft tumor models. WDR54 was overexpressed in BC cells, and its high expression was linked to tumor stage and lymph node metastases in patients. WDR54 contributed to the tumorigenesis and metastasis of BC and impaired its chemosensitivity. WDR54 prevented the degradation and ubiquitination of the mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility 1 (MEMO1). WDR54 also promoted the interaction between MEMO1 and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and activated the IRS1/AKT/β-catenin pathway in BC cells. Particularly, WDR54 depended on MEMO1 to exert its biological functions. Our study demonstrated the relevance of WDR54 in BC and provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Yi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongkui Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandes B, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. A Comprehensive Review of Mammalian Pigmentation: Paving the Way for Innovative Hair Colour-Changing Cosmetics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020290. [PMID: 36829566 PMCID: PMC9953601 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural colour of hair shafts is formed at the bulb of hair follicles, and it is coupled to the hair growth cycle. Three critical processes must happen for efficient pigmentation: (1) melanosome biogenesis in neural crest-derived melanocytes, (2) the biochemical synthesis of melanins (melanogenesis) inside melanosomes, and (3) the transfer of melanin granules to surrounding pre-cortical keratinocytes for their incorporation into nascent hair fibres. All these steps are under complex genetic control. The array of natural hair colour shades are ascribed to polymorphisms in several pigmentary genes. A myriad of factors acting via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms also contributes for hair colour diversity. Given the enormous social and cosmetic importance attributed to hair colour, hair dyeing is today a common practice. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the long-term usage of such cosmetic procedures demand the development of new methods for colour change. In this context, case reports of hair lightening, darkening and repigmentation as a side-effect of the therapeutic usage of many drugs substantiate the possibility to tune hair colour by interfering with the biology of follicular pigmentary units. By scrutinizing mammalian pigmentation, this review pinpoints key targetable processes for the development of innovative cosmetics that can safely change the hair colour from the inside out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baek EJ, Ha YB, Kim JH, Lee KW, Lim SS, Kang NJ. Dehydroglyasperin D Suppresses Melanin Synthesis through MITF Degradation in Melanocytes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:982-988. [PMID: 35909194 PMCID: PMC9628959 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) has been used as preventive and therapeutic material for hyperpigmentation disorders. Previously, we isolated noble compounds including dehydroglyasperin C (DGC), dehydroglyasperin D (DGD) and isoangustone A (IAA) from licorice hexane/ethanol extracts. However, their anti-melanogenic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. The present study compared effects of DGC, DGD and IAA on pigmentation in melan-a melanocytes and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn). DGD exerted the most excellent anti-melanogenic effect, followed by DGC and IAA at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In addition, DGD significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro cell-free system and cell system. Western blot result showed that DGD decreased expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in melan-a cells and HEMn cells. DGD induced phosphorylation of MITF, ERK and Akt signal pathway promoting MITF degradation system. However, DGD did not influence p38 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/CREB signal pathway in melan-a cells. These result indicated that DGD inhibited melanogenesis not only direct regulation of tyrosinase but also modulating intracellular signaling related with MITF level. Collectively, these results suggested a protective role for DGD against melanogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Baek
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Ha
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-53-950-5753 Fax: +82-53-950-6750 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eom YS, Jeong D, Ryu AR, Song KH, Im DS, Lee MY. Daphne odora Exerts Depigmenting Effects via Inhibiting CREB/MITF and Activating AKT/ERK-Signaling Pathways. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3312-3323. [PMID: 35892714 PMCID: PMC9332310 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Daphne odora, a blooming shrub, has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. However, information on its anti-melanogenic activity and dermal application is limited. In this study, the Daphne odora extract (DOE), with constituents including daphnetin, was used to investigate depigmenting activity and the underlying mechanism of Daphne odora. DOE inhibited in vitro and cellular tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced the α-MSH-induced melanin biosynthesis to a control level. The protein expressions of melanin synthesis-related enzymes were also significantly reduced by DOE. Moreover, DOE decreased the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREBs) induced by α-MSH in B16F10 cells, while it activated phosphorylated extra-cellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and protein kinase B (AKT) expression. These results suggest that DOE might inhibit the melanogenesis signaling pathways by activating ERK- and AKT-signaling pathways to regulate the expression of CREB and MITF and its downstream pathways. Therefore, DOE could potentially be developed as a depigmenting agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sic Eom
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea; (Y.S.E.); (D.J.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Dongho Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea; (Y.S.E.); (D.J.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - A-Reum Ryu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea;
| | - Keon-Hyoung Song
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea; (Y.S.E.); (D.J.); (K.-H.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Dai Sig Im
- Department of SC Major on New Medicinal Materials, Division of Student Corporation, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea;
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea; (Y.S.E.); (D.J.); (K.-H.S.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-1355
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Zajdel R. The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144360. [PMID: 35889231 PMCID: PMC9324663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites that exhibit numerous desired properties. The compounds may influence the biology of melanocytes, pigment cells that produce melanin, by modulating numerous signaling pathways, including cAMP/PKA, MAPKs and PI3K/AKT. Its downstream target is microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, responsible for the expression of the tyrosinase enzyme, which plays a major role in melanogenesis. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide insights related to melanogenesis modulation mechanisms of plant extracts and isolated plant compounds in B16 cells. Database searches were conducted using online-based library search instruments from 2012 to 2022, such as NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar. Upregulation or downregulation of signaling pathways by phytochemicals can influence skin hypo- and hyperpigmentation by changing the level of melanin production, which may pose a significant cosmetic issue. Therefore, plant extracts or isolated plant compounds may be used in the therapy of pigmentation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang B, Wang L, Luo M, Zhu W, Fu J, Dong Z. Molecular and functional analysis of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) gene duplicates in red tilapia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111257. [PMID: 35691494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) is at the hub of the melanin synthesis regulation network. However, little information is known about its molecular characterization, expression, location, or function in skin color differentiation and variation of red tilapia. The full-length cDNA sequences (1977 bp and 1999 bp) of mitfa and mitfb, encoding polypeptides of 491 and 514 amino acids, were effectively identified from red tilapia in this study. The Mitfa and Mitfb sequences of red tilapia clustered first with O. aureus, then with other teleost fish, according to phylogenetic analysis. Mitfa and mitfb mRNA were highly expressed in the brain, dorsal skin and eye tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. The mRNA expressions of mitfa and mitfb were the highest in the cleavage stage during the early development of red tilapia. Among three different colors of red tilapia, the expression levels of mitfa and mitfb were highest in the PB (pink with scattered black spots) dorsal skin. After overwintering, the mitfa and mitfb mRNA expressions were high in the dorsal skin of PB (color changed from pink to black). Mitfa and mitfb were mostly found in the epidermal layer of the dorsal skin, according to in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis. After injecting mitf-dsRNA duplicates along the tail vein of red tilapia, the activity of tyrosinase and the level of melanin in the dorsal skin both decreased significantly. The mRNA expressions of mitfa and its downstream genes (tyrb, tyrp1a and dct) decreased, whereas the mRNA expression of mitfb increased after mitfa-dsRNA injection. The mRNA expressions of mitfb, tyrb, tyrp1a and dct decreased, whereas the mRNA expression of mitfa increased after injecting mitfb-dsRNA. These findings suggest that mitf gene duplicates may play an important role in red tilapia skin color differentiation and variation via the melanogenesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang C, Liu X, Wu H, Wang Y, Fan Y, Guo B, Bian X, Li X, Zhang J. Proteomic Response Revealed Signaling Pathways Involving in the Mechanism of Polymyxin B-Induced Melanogenesis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0273021. [PMID: 35377227 PMCID: PMC9045165 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02730-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B is a last-line antibiotic for extensively resistant Gram-negative bacterial infection. Skin hyperpigmentation is a serious side effect induced by polymyxin B that severely compromises the psychological health and compliance of patients. The literature lacks mechanistic studies that explain how hyperpigmentation occurs, and this substantially hinders the development of intervention strategies and improved compliance. SK-MEL-2 cells were used for the polymyxin B-induced hyperpigmentation mechanism study. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured after polymyxin B treatment. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the response of SK-MEL-2 cells to polymyxin B treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were applied to validate the mRNA and protein levels of related genes and proteins. The melanin content and tyrosinase activity were significantly upregulated after polymyxin B treatment in SK-MEL-2 cells at 48 h and 72 h. Quantitative proteomics showed that 237 proteins were upregulated and 153 proteins were downregulated in the 48 h group, and 49 proteins were upregulated and 49 proteins were downregulated in the 72 h group. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in pathways such as lysosome, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. The upregulation of melanogenic enzymes and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was validated by qPCR and Western blot. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of PI3K, β-catenin, and cyclic-AMP response binding protein (CREB) in response to polymyxin B treatment was observed. The present study reveals the proteomic response of polymyxin B-induced melanogenesis in SK-MEL-2 cells for the first time. Signaling pathways, including melanin biosynthesis, PI3K/Akt, and calcium signaling pathways may be involved in the mechanism of melanogenesis. IMPORTANCE Polymyxin B-induced skin hyperpigmentation seriously affects the psychological health and compliance of patients. This study provides a proteomic clue to the mechanism at the cellular level for understanding polymyxin B-induced hyperpigmentation, contributing to a follow-up investigation of the corresponding PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway and calcium signaling pathway. The elucidation of its underlying mechanism is of great significance for patients' compliance improvement, intervention strategy, and new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailan Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchen Bian
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Decursin prevents melanogenesis by suppressing MITF expression through the regulation of PKA/CREB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β cascades. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Hu Z, Sha X, Zhang L, Huang S, Tu Z. Effect of Grass Carp Scale Collagen Peptide FTGML on cAMP-PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Correlation between Anti-Melanin and Antioxidant Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030391. [PMID: 35159541 PMCID: PMC8834497 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide Phe-Thr-Gly-Met-Leu (FTGML) is a bioactive oligopeptide with tyrosinase inhibitory activity derived from gelatin hydrolysate of grass carp scales. Previous studies have shown that FTGML addition can effectively inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro, and also has some effect on the inhibition of melanogenesis in zebrafish in vivo, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we used FTGML to treat B16F10 melanoma cells, and found a significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. Interestingly, the treatment showed a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and anti-melanin, which was associated with FTGML reducing the involvement of reactive oxygen species in melanin synthesis. Furthermore, FTGML reduced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by downregulating the cAMP-PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways (p38 and JNK). These results suggested that FTGML can reduce melanin production in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells through multiple pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizi Hu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiaomei Sha
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
| | - Lu Zhang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Zongcai Tu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.H.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hushcha Y, Blo I, Oton-Gonzalez L, Mauro GD, Martini F, Tognon M, Mattei MD. microRNAs in the Regulation of Melanogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116104. [PMID: 34198907 PMCID: PMC8201055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process leading to the synthesis of melanin, the main substance that influences skin color and plays a pivotal role against UV damage. Altered melanogenesis is observed in several pigmentation disorders. Melanogenesis occurs in specialized cells called melanocytes, physically and functionally related by means of autocrine and paracrine interplay to other skin cell types. Several external and internal factors control melanin biosynthesis and operate through different intracellular signaling pathways, which finally leads to the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), the key transcription factor involved in melanogenesis and the expression of the main melanogenic enzymes, including TYR, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2. Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in melanogenesis regulation. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which control cell behavior by regulating gene expression, mainly by binding the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target mRNAs. This review collects data on the miRNAs involved in melanogenesis and how these miRNAs can modulate target gene expression. Bringing to light the biological function of miRNAs could lead to a wider understanding of epigenetic melanogenesis regulation and its dysregulation. This knowledge may constitute the basis for developing innovative treatment approaches for pigmentation dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Blo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Lucia Oton-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Di Mauro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455534
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma Y, Xuan M, Dong Y, Wang H, Huang J, Cheng B, Cui X. Platelet-rich plasma protects human melanocytes from oxidative stress and ameliorates melanogenesis induced by UVB irradiation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1686-1696. [PMID: 33974003 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from different sources in alleviating oxidative stress and ameliorating melanogenesis in UVB-irradiated PIG1 cells, PIG1 cells were irradiated with 80 mJ/cm2 UVB prior to 1% PRP application and the following experiments were taken: the viability of UVB-irradiated PIG1 cells, cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression level of proteins associated with melanin synthesis, apoptosis, and DNA lesions. We found that PRP intervention promoted cell proliferation, reduced MDA and ROS content, increased the activities of series of antioxidant enzymes, and alleviated DNA damages in UVB-damaged PIG1 cells. It is important to note that PRP treatment inhibited UVB-induced melanogenesis via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signal pathway. Therefore, we suppose PRP treatment exerts a protective role through their antioxidation effect on UVB-damaged PIG1 cells and hinders melanogenesis induced by UVB irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshi Ma
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xuan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqing Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfang Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Physiotherapy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Development of Pigmentation-Regulating Agents by Drug Repositioning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083894. [PMID: 33918792 PMCID: PMC8069425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin color is determined by the processes of melanin synthesis and distribution. Problems in various molecules or signaling pathways involved in melanin synthesis contribute to skin pigmentation defects. Several trials have been conducted on the production of pigmentation-regulating agents, and drug repositioning has emerged as a modern technique to identify new uses for existing drugs. Our research team has researched substances or drugs associated with pigmentation control and, as a result, nilotinib, sorafenib, and ICG-001 have been found to promote pigmentation, while 5-iodotubercidin inhibits pigmentation. Therefore, these substances or medications were suggested as potential therapeutics for pigmentation disorders by drug repositioning.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shim SY, Lee YE, Lee M. Antioxidant Compounds, Kirenol and Methyl ent-16α, 17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oate Bioactivity-Guided Isolated from Siegesbeckia glabrescens Attenuates MITF-Mediated Melanogenesis via Inhibition of Intracellular ROS Production. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071940. [PMID: 33808322 PMCID: PMC8036764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Siegesbeckia glabrescens (Compositae), an annual herb indigenous to Korean mountainous regions and has been eaten as a food in Korea. This study investigated ABTS, DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) radical-scavenging activities, and melanin production and TYR inhibitory effects-guided fractionation to identify therapeutic phytochemicals from S. glabrescens that can attenuate oxidation and melanogenesis in murine melanoma B16F10 cells. Nine compounds with inhibitory effects on melanin production, and TYR activity, and ABTS, DPPH, and NO radical scavenging activity were isolated from the 100% ethanol fraction from S. glabrescens. Among the nine compounds, kirenol (K), methyl ent-16α, 17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oate (MDK) had strong inhibitory effects on melanin production and TYR activity with antioxidant effects. Western blot analysis revealed that K and MDK suppressed tyrosinase-related protein (TYRP)-1, TYRP-2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression. Moreover, these two compounds inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-treated B16F10 cells. Our results suggest that S. glabrescens containing active compounds such as K and MDK, which has antioxidant and antimelanogenesis effects, is the potent therapeutic and functional material for the prevention of oxidation-induced hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yup Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Korea;
| | - Ye Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Korea;
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, 41 Hongsamhanbang-Ro, Jinan-Eup, Jinan-Gun 55442, Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Anti-Melanogenesis Effect of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone through Downregulation of Melanosome Maturation and Transportation in B16F10 and Human Epidermal Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062823. [PMID: 33802228 PMCID: PMC7999661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis pathway of melanin is a series of oxidative reactions that are catalyzed by melanin-related proteins, including tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). Reagents or materials with antioxidative or free radical-scavenging activities may be candidates for anti-melanogenesis. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) is a polyphenol isolated from fungi, such as Phellinus obliguus (Persoon) Pilat and P. linteus. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of DBL on antioxidation and melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs). The results indicated that DBL scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, and exhibited potent reducing power, indicating that it displays strong antioxidative activity. DBL also inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF) in both the cells. In addition, DBL inhibited hyperpigmentation in B16F10 and HEMs by regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. DBL not only shortened dendritic melanocytes but also inhibited premelanosome protein 17 (PMEL17) expression, slowing down the maturation of melanosome transportation. These results indicated that DBL promotes anti-melanogenesis by inhibiting the transportation of melanosomes. Therefore, DBL is a potent antioxidant and depigmenting agent that may be used in whitening cosmetics.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang HL, Lin CP, Vudhya Gowrisankar Y, Huang PJ, Chang WL, Shrestha S, Hseu YC. The anti-melanogenic effects of ellagic acid through induction of autophagy in melanocytes and suppression of UVA-activated α-MSH pathways via Nrf2 activation in keratinocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114454. [PMID: 33545118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenol antioxidant in different fruits, vegetables, and nuts. As a copper iron chelator from the tyrosinase enzyme's active site, EA was reported to inhibit melanogenesis in melanocytes. Here, we demonstrated the anti-melanogenic mechanisms of EA through autophagy induction in melanoma B16F10 cells and the role of Nrf2 and UVA (3 J/cm2)-activated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) pathways in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. In vitro data showed that EA suppressed the tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis by suppressing cAMP-mediated CREB and MITF signaling mechanisms in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. ERK, JNK, and AKT pathways were involved in this EA-regulated MITF downregulation. Notably, EA induced autophagy in B16F10 cells was evidenced from increased LC3-II accumulation, p62/SQSTM1 activation, ATG4B downregulation, acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) formation, PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition, and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 dysregulation. Interestingly, 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment or LC3 silencing (siRNA transfection) of B16F10 cells significantly reduced EA-induced anti-melanogenic activity. Besides this, in UVA-irradiated keratinocyte HaCaT cells, EA suppressed ROS production and α-MSH generation. Moreover, EA mediated the activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, leading to antioxidant γ-GCLC, HO-1, and NQO-1 protein expression in HaCaT cells. However, Nrf2 knockdown has significantly impaired this effect, and there was an uncontrolled ROS generation following UVA irradiation. JNK, PKC, and ROS pathways were involved in the activation of Nrf2 in HaCaT cells. In vivo experiments using the zebrafish model confirmed that EA inhibited tyrosinase activity and endogenous pigmentation. In conclusion, ellagic acid is an effective skin-whitening agent and might be used as a topical applicant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Lin
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Chang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee JI, Seo JH, Ko ES, Cho SM, Kang JR, Jeong JH, Jeong YJ, Kim CY, Cha JD, Kim WS, Ryu YB. Inhibition of melanogenesis by Aster yomena callus pellet extract in melanoma cells and patients with skin pigmentation. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3299-3308. [PMID: 34400899 PMCID: PMC8364460 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.62530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant tissue culture holds immense potential for the production of secondary metabolites with various physiological functions. We recently established a plant tissue culture system capable of producing secondary metabolites from Aster yomena. This study aimed to uncover the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of Aster yomena callus pellet extract (AYC-P-E) on photoaging-induced skin pigmentation. Excessive melanogenesis was induced in B16F10 melanoma cells using α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The effects of AYC-P-E treatment on melanin biosynthesis inducers and melanin synthesis inhibition were assessed. Based on the results, a clinical study was conducted in subjects with skin pigmentation. AYC-P-E inhibited melanogenesis in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells, accompanied by decreased mRNA and protein expression of melanin biosynthesis inducers, including cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. This anti-melanogenic effect was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Treatment of subjects with skin pigmentation with AYC-P-E-containing cream formulations resulted in 3.33%, 7.06%, and 8.68% improvement in the melanin levels at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. Our findings suggest that AYC-P-E inhibits excessive melanogenesis by activating MEK/ERK and AKT signaling, potentiating its cosmetic applications in hyperpigmentation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Seo
- Department of Bio-material and product development and R&D center, General Bio, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55793, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sil Ko
- Department of Bio-material and product development and R&D center, General Bio, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55793, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Cho
- Department of Bio-material and product development and R&D center, General Bio, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea-Ran Kang
- Department of Bio-material and product development and R&D center, General Bio, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Bio-material and product development and R&D center, General Bio, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55793, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Dan Cha
- Department of Bio-material and product development and R&D center, General Bio, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55793, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee EJ, Kim J, Jeong MK, Lee YM, Chung YJ, Kim EM. Whitening effect of novel peptide mixture by regulating melanosome biogenesis, transfer and degradation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:15-26. [PMID: 33361534 PMCID: PMC7756534 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are widely used as effective and biocompatible active ingredients in cosmetic industry. In this study, we developed novel peptide mixture and identified its anti-pigmentation effect on melanocytes and keratinocytes. Our results revealed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome biogenesis through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a key factor of melanogenesis in melanocytes. And we observed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome uptake through the reduction of protease-activated receptor 2, a phagocytosis-related receptor in keratinocytes. Furthermore, peptide mixture activated autophagy system resulting in degradation of transferred melanosomes in keratinocytes. The anti-pigmentation effect of multi-targeting peptide mixture was assessed in a human skin equivalent model (MelanoDerm). Melanin contents in epidermal layer were significantly decreased by topical treatment of peptide mixture, suggesting that it can be applied as a novel cosmetics material having a whitening function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jandi Kim
- Caregen R&D Center, Anyang 14119, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou S, Sakamoto K. Citric acid promoted melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, but inhibited it in human epidermal melanocytes and HMV-II melanoma cells via the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243565. [PMID: 33332393 PMCID: PMC7746170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin, a pigment synthesized by melanocytes in the skin, resists the damage caused by ultraviolet rays to cells. Citric acid, a well-known food additive, is commonly used as an antioxidant and is an important part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production during cellular metabolism. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the addition of excess citric acid regulates melanin synthesis, and to delineate the underlying mechanism. First, we observed that citric acid exerts opposite redox effects on mouse and human cells. Interestingly, treatment with excess citric acid increased the melanin content in mouse cells but decreased it in human cells. Furthermore, the expression of factors important for melanin synthesis, such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), was also regulated by citric acid treatment-it was promoted in mouse cells and suppressed in human cells. Citric acid also impacted the upstream regulators of MITF, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and β-catenin. Second, we determined the importance of GSK3β in the citric acid-mediated regulation of melanin synthesis, using a GSK3β inhibitor (BIO). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that citric acid regulates melanin synthesis via the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and that equal amounts of exogenous citric acid exert opposing effects on mouse and human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vadlakonda L, Indracanti M, Kalangi SK, Gayatri BM, Naidu NG, Reddy ABM. The Role of Pi, Glutamine and the Essential Amino Acids in Modulating the Metabolism in Diabetes and Cancer. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1731-1775. [PMID: 33520860 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Re-examine the current metabolic models. Methods Review of literature and gene networks. Results Insulin activates Pi uptake, glutamine metabolism to stabilise lipid membranes. Tissue turnover maintains the metabolic health. Current model of intermediary metabolism (IM) suggests glucose is the source of energy, and anaplerotic entry of fatty acids and amino acids into mitochondria increases the oxidative capacity of the TCA cycle to produce the energy (ATP). The reduced cofactors, NADH and FADH2, have different roles in regulating the oxidation of nutrients, membrane potentials and biosynthesis. Trans-hydrogenation of NADH to NADPH activates the biosynthesis. FADH2 sustains the membrane potential during the cell transformations. Glycolytic enzymes assume the non-canonical moonlighting functions, enter the nucleus to remodel the genetic programmes to affect the tissue turnover for efficient use of nutrients. Glycosylation of the CD98 (4F2HC) stabilises the nutrient transporters and regulates the entry of cysteine, glutamine and BCAA into the cells. A reciprocal relationship between the leucine and glutamine entry into cells regulates the cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and homeostasis in cells. Insulin promotes the Pi transport from the blood to tissues, activates the mitochondrial respiratory activity, and glutamine metabolism, which activates the synthesis of cholesterol and the de novo fatty acids for reorganising and stabilising the lipid membranes for nutrient transport and signal transduction in response to fluctuations in the microenvironmental cues. Fatty acids provide the lipid metabolites, activate the second messengers and protein kinases. Insulin resistance suppresses the lipid raft formation and the mitotic slippage activates the fibrosis and slow death pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Indracanti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Suresh K Kalangi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Pachgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, HR 122413 India
| | - B Meher Gayatri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Navya G Naidu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Aramati B M Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Perdomo J, Quintana C, González I, Hernández I, Rubio S, Loro JF, Reiter RJ, Estévez F, Quintana J. Melatonin Induces Melanogenesis in Human SK-MEL-1 Melanoma Cells Involving Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144970. [PMID: 32674468 PMCID: PMC7404125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is present in all living organisms where it displays a diversity of physiological functions. Attenuation of melanogenesis by melatonin has been reported in some mammals and also in rodent melanoma cells. However, melatonin may also stimulate melanogenesis in human melanoma cells through mechanisms that have not yet been revealed. Using the human melanoma cells SK-MEL-1 as a model, an increase in both tyrosinase activity and melanin was already observed at 24 h after melatonin treatment with maximal levels of both being detected at 72 h. This effect was associated with the induction in the expression of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin. In this scenario, glycogen synthase kinase-3β seems to play a significant function since melatonin decreased its phosphorylation and preincubation with specific inhibitors of this protein kinase (lithium or BIO) reduced the expression and activity of tyrosinase. Blocking of PI3K/AKT pathway stimulated melanogenesis and the effect was suppressed by the inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Although melatonin is a recognized antioxidant, we found that it stimulates reactive oxygen species generation in SK-MEL-1 cells. These chemical species seem to be an important signal in activating the melanogenic process since the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione decreased both the level and activity of tyrosinase stimulated by melatonin. Our results support the view that regulation of melanogenesis involves a cross-talk between several signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Perdomo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Carlos Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Inmaculada Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Sara Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - Juan F. Loro
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (J.P.); (C.Q.); (I.G.); (I.H.); (S.R.); (F.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928458792
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun L, Guo C, Yan L, Li H, Sun J, Huo X, Xie X, Hu J. Syntenin regulates melanogenesis via the p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:733-738. [PMID: 32626944 PMCID: PMC7339447 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the synthesis of the skin pigment melanin, which serves a critical role in the study of pigmentary skin diseases. Syntenin has been identified as a melanosome protein, but its role in melanogenesis is not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms underlying syntenin on melanogenesis in immortalized human melanocytes. Depletion of syntenin expression increased both tyrosinase (Tyr) activity and melanin content. Syntenin silencing also increased the protein expression levels of Tyr, pre‑melanosomal protein and microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor. In addition, the results indicated that syntenin regulated melanogenesis by upregulating the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Taken together, these findings suggested that the regulation of melanogenesis by syntenin may be mediated by the activation of p38 MAPK and that syntenin might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of pigmented diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Liting Yan
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Huijin Li
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Huo
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sanders O, Rajagopal L. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Epidemiology with a Mechanistic Rationale. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:185-215. [PMID: 32715279 PMCID: PMC7369141 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors is disease-modifying in Alzheimer's disease (AD). cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling are disrupted in AD. cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). CREB binds mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, inducing synaptogenesis, memory, and neuronal survival gene (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate Sirtuin-1, which activates PGC1α. PGC1α induces mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes (e.g.,Nrf2) and represses BACE1. cAMP and cGMP inhibit BACE1-inducing NFκB and tau-phosphorylating GSK3β. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We review efficacy-testing clinical trials, epidemiology, and meta-analyses to critically investigate whether phosphodiesteraseinhibitors prevent or treat AD. RESULTS Caffeine and cilostazol may lower AD risk. Denbufylline and sildenafil clinical trials are promising but preliminary and inconclusive. PF-04447943 and BI 409,306 are ineffective. Vinpocetine, cilostazol, and nicergoline trials are mixed. Deprenyl/selegiline trials show only short-term benefits. Broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor propentofylline has been shown in five phase III trials to improve cognition, dementia severity, activities of daily living, and global assessment in mild-to-moderate AD patients on multiple scales, including the ADAS-Cogand the CIBIC-Plus in an 18-month phase III clinical trial. However, two books claimed based on a MedScape article an 18-month phase III trial failed, so propentofylline was discontinued. Now, propentofylline is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction, which, like AD, involves age-associated wild-type Aβ deposition. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may prevent and treat AD.
Collapse
|
29
|
Challenges in Analysis of Hydrophilic Metabolites Using Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Vujovic F, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Notch pathway: a bistable inducer of biological noise? Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:133. [PMID: 31640734 PMCID: PMC6805690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling pathway is central to development of metazoans. The pathway codes a binary fate switch. Upon activation, downstream signals contribute to resolution of fate dichotomies such as proliferation/differentiation or sub-lineage differentiation outcome. There is, however, an interesting paradox in the Notch signalling pathway. Despite remarkable predictability of fate outcomes instructed by the Notch pathway, the associated transcriptome is versatile and plastic. This inconsistency suggests the presence of an interface that compiles input from the plastic transcriptome of the Notch pathway but communicates only a binary output in biological decisions. Herein, we address the interface that determines fate outcomes. We provide an alternative hypothesis for the Notch pathway as a biological master switch that operates by induction of genetic noise and bistability in order to facilitate resolution of dichotomous fate outcomes in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Ramin M. Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chung YC, Kim YB, Kim BS, Hyun CG. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Bergamottin via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19862105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of bergamottin on melanogenesis in B16F10 murine melanoma cells, together with its effects on the mechanism of melanin synthesis. α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells were treated with various concentrations of bergamottin, with arbutin as a positive control. Bergamottin significantly decreased the melanin content and tyrosinase activity without showing any cytotoxicity. In addition, bergamottin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1,2 and tyrosinase by suppressing the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. The phosphorylation status of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and protein kinase B (AKT) was examined to determine the mechanism underlying the antimelanogenic effects of bergamottin. Bergamottin treatment increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT, but decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the B16F10 cells. Moreover, the use of PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) and LY294002 (AKT inhibitor) corroborated these findings, indicating that bergamottin inhibits melanogenesis via the MAPKase and AKT signaling pathway. Thus, bergamottin has potential for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and can be a promising chemical for skin-whitening in the cosmetic industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Chul Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Beom Kim
- NewMedion Co.,Ltd., Jeju City, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Seok Kim
- Bio-Convergence Center, Jeju Technopark, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chung YC, Kim MJ, Kang EY, Kim YB, Kim BS, Park SM, Hyun CG. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Hydroxyectoine via MITF Inhibition by JNK, p38, and AKT Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19858523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin plays a role in determining human skin color of a person, and a large amount of melanin makes the skin color look darkened. The proper amount of melanin formation protects our skin from UV radiation, but excessive melanin production causes hyperpigmentation and leads to freckles, melasma, and lentigo. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of hydroxyectoine on melanogenesis and its mechanism in B16F10 cells. Melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity were determined. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and the activities of tyrosinase and other melanogenesis-related enzymes, such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2, were also examined. Hydroxyectoine treatment significantly inhibited melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that hydroxyectoine also reduced the expressions of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In addition, hydroxyectoine significantly reduced the expression of MITF, a major regulator of melanin production, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and activated the protein kinase B. The results demonstrated that hydroxyectoine inhibits the expression of MITF through the inhibition or activation of melanin-related signaling pathways and downregulates melanogenesis by inhibiting melanogenic enzyme expression and tyrosinase activity. Hydroxyectoine has potential value in functional cosmetics applications, such as whitening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You C. Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kim
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | | | - Yun B. Kim
- NewMedion Co., Ltd., Jeju City, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bong S. Kim
- Bio-Convergence Center, Jeju Technopark, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hseu YC, Ho YG, Mathew DC, Yen HR, Chen XZ, Yang HL. The in vitro and in vivo depigmenting activity of Coenzyme Q10 through the down-regulation of α-MSH signaling pathways and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated skin keratinocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:299-310. [PMID: 30991050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme CoQ10 (CoQ10), a ubiquinone compound, has been reported to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melanoma B16F10 cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect is poorly understood. In this paper we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-melanogenic activity of CoQ10 (1-2 μM) in UVA (5 J/cm2)-irradiated keratinocyte HaCaT cells and α-MSH stimulated B16-F10 cells. It was observed that CoQ10 suppressed p53/POMC, α-MSH production as well as inhibited ROS generation in UVA-irradiated keratinocyte HaCaT cells. CoQ10 down-regulated the melanin synthesis in α-MSH-stimulated B16-F10 cells by suppressing the MITF expression by down regulating the cAMP mediated CREB signaling cascades. Furthermore, in vivo evidence demonstrated the inhibitory effect of CoQ10 on endogenous pigmentation in zebrafish. Increased nuclear Nrf2 translocation accompanied by the induction of HO-1 and γ-GCLC genes were observed in CoQ10 treated keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Notably, silencing of Nrf2 (siRNA transfection) significantly diminished CoQ10-mediated anti-melanogenic activity, as evidenced by impaired antioxidant HO-1 gene, uncontrolled ROS generation, and α-MSH production following UVA irradiation. To conclude, CoQ10 is an effective de-pigmention or skin-whitening agent and could be used in cosmetics for topical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Geng Ho
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Zao Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The ion channel activator CyPPA inhibits melanogenesis via the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:1-7. [PMID: 30597128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research into materials that inhibit melanogenesis in skin has gained interest. Screening for such compounds in B16F10 cells revealed that cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (CyPPA), a positive modulator of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, is a strong inhibitor of melanogenesis. We investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of CyPPA and the molecular mechanism by which CyPPA reduced melanin production in normal human melanocytes (NHM). CyPPA treatment resulted in a significant concentration-dependent reduction in melanin content without significant cytotoxicity; treatment likewise resulted in a significant time-dependent reduction in tyrosinase (TYR) activity. Treatment with CyPPA also decreased transcription of melanogenesis-related genes, including the gene encoding microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). In addition, visual evaluation of the MelanoDerm™ human skin model revealed significantly lower melanin content in the CyPPA-treated condition than in the untreated control. CyPPA was determined to modulate glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) activity, thereby leading to a decrease in β-catenin/MITF expression. Thus, CyPPA acts as a melanogenesis inhibitor by modulating the GSK3β/β-catenin/MITF pathway.
Collapse
|
35
|
Han JH, Bang JS, Choi YJ, Choung SY. Anti-melanogenic effects of oyster hydrolysate in UVB-irradiated C57BL/6J mice and B16F10 melanoma cells via downregulation of cAMP signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:137-144. [PMID: 30273735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) has been used to treat pigmentary disorders such as freckles, melasma, and moles in Korea. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of oyster hydrolysate (OH) on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and UVB-irradiated C57BL/6J mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The molecular weight distribution and peptide sequences of OH were detected using MALDI-TOF and UHPLC. To evaluate the anti-melanogenic effects of OH, cell viability, melanin content, tyrosinase activity, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein expressions levels were measured in B16F10 cells. In addition, OH was orally administered to UVB-irradiated mice for 9 weeks. After sacrificing the mice, the whitening effects of OH were evaluated based on histological observations and protein expression levels. RESULTS In B16F10 cells, OH decreased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. OH exhibited anti-melanogenic activities via downregulation of cAMP signaling pathway, which consequently decreased melanin synthesis. In UVB-irradiated mice groups, OH decreased the number of active melanocytes and melanin granules. The expression of tyrosinase-related proteins and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) decreased in the OH-administered groups. CONCLUSIONS These results show that OH inhibits melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells via downregulation of cAMP signaling pathway and in UVB-irradiated mice, by decreasing the number of active melanocytes and melanin granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeong Han
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sok Bang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung Joon Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Djehal A, Krayem M, Najem A, Hammoud H, Cresteil T, Nebigil CG, Wang D, Yu P, Bentouhami E, Ghanem GE, Désaubry L. Targeting prohibitin with small molecules to promote melanogenesis and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:880-888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
37
|
Kim KI, Jo JW, Lee JH, Kim CD, Yoon TJ. Induction of pigmentation by a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2271-2276. [PMID: 29959921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin color is determined by the melanin pigments that are produced in melanocytes then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. Despite the growing number of commercial products claiming the pigmentation-regulatory effects, there is still a demand for the development of new materials that are safe and more efficacious. We tried to screen the pigmentation-regulatory materials using a commercially available drugs, and found that nilotinib could induce pigmentation in melanoma cells. When HM3KO melanoma cells were treated with nilotinib, melanin content was increased together with increase of tyrosinase activity. Nilotinib increased the expression of pigmentation-related genes such as MITF, tyrosinase and TRP1. Consistent with these results, the protein level for MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 was significantly increased by nilotinib. To delineate the action mechanism of nilotinib, we investigated the effects of nilotinib on intracellular signaling. As a result, nilotinib decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, while increased the phosphorylation of CREB. The pretreatment of PKA inhibitor H89 markedly blocked the nilotinib-induced phosphorylation of CREB. In accordance with, pretreatment of H89 significantly inhibited the nilotinib-induced pigmentation, indicating that nilotinib induces pigmentation via the activation of PKA signaling. Together, our data suggest that nilotinib can be developed for the treatment of hypopigmentary disorder such as vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Il Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jo
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Skin Med Co., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital, Jinju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim JH, Kim DH, Cho KM, Kim KH, Kang NJ. Effect of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in human melanocytes and a skin-equivalent model. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7643-7656. [PMID: 29870090 PMCID: PMC6175185 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3,6‐Anhydro‐l‐galactose (l‐AHG) is a bioactive sugar that is a major component of agarose. Recently, l‐AHG was reported to have anti‐melanogenic potential in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) and B16F10 melanoma cells; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. At noncytotoxic concentrations, l‐AHG has been shown to inhibit alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐induced melanin synthesis in various cell models, including HEMs, melan‐a cells, and B16F10 cells. Although l‐AHG did not inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the anti‐melanogenic effect of l‐AHG was mediated by transcriptional repression of melanogenesis‐related genes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (TRP‐2), and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) in HEMs. Western blot analysis showed that l‐AHG effectively attenuated α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone‐induced melanogenic proteins by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic adenosine monophosphate–dependent protein kinase, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and Akt signaling pathways in HEMs. Topical application of l‐AHG significantly ameliorated melanin production in a 3D pigmented human skin model. Collectively, these results suggest that l‐AHG could be utilized as novel cosmetic compounds with skin‐whitening efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mun Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Azam MS, Kwon M, Choi J, Kim HR. Sargaquinoic acid ameliorates hyperpigmentation through cAMP and ERK-mediated downregulation of MITF in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:582-589. [PMID: 29803170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation disorders of the skin adversely influence the quality of life. We previously demonstrated the hypopigmenting properties of the ethanolic extract from Sargassum serratifolium and identified sargaquinoic acid (SQA) as an active component. The current study aims to investigate the hypopigmenting action of SQA in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. SQA attenuated cellular melanin synthesis by inhibiting the expression of the melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and TRP2. SQA also inhibited cellular TYR activity in a dose-dependent manner. Reduced intracellular cAMP accumulation by SQA treatment resulted in the suppressed phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), leading to the downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. SQA increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and MITF (Ser73), inducing proteasomal degradation of MITF. SQA showed high binding affinity to the cAMP binding domain of PKA; the direct binding of SQA to PKA may exert an additional inhibitory effect on the PKA-dependent CREB activation. Our data demonstrated that SQA suppressed melanin production through the cAMP/CREB- and ERK1/2-mediated downregulation of MITF in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells and SQA has a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shariful Azam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Misung Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Choi
- Department of Foodservice Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; CEO, PhyHeal Co. Ltd, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pillaiyar T, Namasivayam V, Manickam M, Jung SH. Inhibitors of Melanogenesis: An Updated Review. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7395-7418. [PMID: 29763564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are pigment molecules that determine the skin, eye, and hair color of the human subject to its amount, quality, and distribution. Melanocytes synthesize melanin and provide epidermal protection from various stimuli, such as harmful ultraviolet radiation, through the complex process called melanogenesis. However, serious dermatological problems occur when there is excessive production of melanin in different parts of the human body. These include freckles, melasma, senile lentigo, pigmented acne scars, and cancer. Therefore, controlling the production of melanin is an important approach for the treatment of pigmentation related disorderes. In this Perspective, we focus on the inhibitors of melanogenesis that directly/indirectly target a key enzyme tyrosinase as well as its associated signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ha JH, Jeong YJ, Xuan SH, Lee JY, Park J, Park SN. Methyl-2-acetylamino-3-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoylthio)propanoate suppresses melanogenesis through ERK signaling pathway mediated MITF proteasomal degradation. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:S0923-1811(18)30169-5. [PMID: 29735364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is regulated by expression and/or degradation pathway, controlling to the expression of melanogenic enzymes for melanin synthesis. Methyl-2-acetylamino-3-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoylthio)propanoate (MAHDP) is reported to anti-melanogenesis effect but its mechanism remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of MAHDP on melanogenesis and elucidate its mechanism. METHODS Tyrosinase activity, melanogenic proteins and gene expression levels were measured with MAHDP treatment in B16F1 cells, human melanocytes, reconstructed skin and clinical trial. RESULTS MAHDP attenuated melanin production in α-MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) stimulated-B16F1 cells. MAHDP decreased the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). But, MADPH did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and AKT, which are associated with the regulation of MITF expression. These results suggest that MITF downstream is regulated not transcriptionally but translationally. Treatment of MG132 (a proteasomal degradation inhibitor) almost abolished the decrease of MITF protein levels by MAHDP. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of MITF for proteasomal degradation were increased by treatment of MAHDP. Treatment of PD98059 (an ERK phosphorylation inhibitor) abrogated ERK phosphorylation, downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase as well as the decrease of melanin contents by MAHDP. Therefore, the degradation of MITF proteins by MAHDP is regulated to the ERK signaling. Finally, MAHDP improved the pigmentation in human epidermal melanocytes, a UVB-irradiated the reconstructed skin model and clinical trial without cytotoxicity and skin irritation. CONCLUSION These results clearly demonstrate that MAHDP suppresses the expression of melanogenic enzymes through ERK phosphorylation-mediated MITF proteasomal degradation, and suggest that MAHDP may be efficient as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Ha
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Jeong
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hua Xuan
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Daebong LS. Ltd., 692-8, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21697, Republic of Korea
| | - Jino Park
- Daebong LS. Ltd., 692-8, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21697, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Nam Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Castejón-Griñán M, Herraiz C, Olivares C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, García-Borrón JC. cAMP-independent non-pigmentary actions of variant melanocortin 1 receptor: AKT-mediated activation of protective responses to oxidative DNA damage. Oncogene 2018; 37:3631-3646. [PMID: 29622793 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), a well-established melanoma susceptibility gene, regulates the amount and type of melanin pigments formed within epidermal melanocytes. MC1R variants associated with increased melanoma risk promote the production of photosensitizing pheomelanins as opposed to photoprotective eumelanins. Wild-type (WT) MC1R activates DNA repair and antioxidant defenses in a cAMP-dependent fashion. Since melanoma-associated MC1R variants are hypomorphic in cAMP signaling, these non-pigmentary actions are thought to be defective in MC1R-variant human melanoma cells and epidermal melanocytes, consistent with a higher mutation load in MC1R-variant melanomas. We compared induction of antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage responses in melanocytic cells of defined MC1R genotype. Increased expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes following MC1R activation was cAMP-dependent and required a WT MC1R genotype. Conversely, pretreatment of melanocytic cells with an MC1R agonist before an oxidative challenge with Luperox decreased (i) accumulation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine, a major product of oxidative DNA damage, (ii) phosphorylation of histone H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, and (iii) formation of DNA breaks. These responses were comparable in cells WT for MC1R or harboring hypomorphic MC1R variants without detectable cAMP signaling. In MC1R-variant melanocytic cells, the DNA-protective responses were mediated by AKT. Conversely, in MC1R-WT melanocytic cells, high cAMP production downstream of MC1R blocked AKT activation and was responsible for inducing DNA repair. Accordingly, MC1R activation could promote repair of oxidative DNA damage by a cAMP-dependent pathway downstream of WT receptor, or via AKT in cells of variant MC1R genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Castejón-Griñán
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Conchi Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yin L, Pang G, Niu C, Habasi M, Dou J, Aisa HA. A novel psoralen derivative-MPFC enhances melanogenesis via activation of p38 MAPK and PKA signaling pathways in B16 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3727-3735. [PMID: 29512683 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As an active compound, psoralen is present in various Chinese herbal medicines and has exhibited significant activity in skin disease treatment. Its derivative 8-methoxypsoralan (8-MOP) is the most commonly used drug to induce repigmentation of vitiligo. In our previous screening assays, 4-methyl-6-phenyl-2H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-2-one (MPFC), a psoralen derivative, was identified as more effective tyrosinase and melanin activator than the positive control 8-MOP in consideration of low doses, as well as low toxicity. The overall purpose of this study was to characterize the melanogenic effect and mechanisms of MPFC in B16 cells. The melanin biosynthesis effects of MPFC were determined by examination of cellular melanin contents, tyrosinase activity assay, cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) assay, and western blotting of MPFC-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells. Our results showed that MPFC enhanced both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner as well as significantly activated the expression of melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Western blot analysis showed that MPFC increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as well as the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, MPFC stimulated intracellular cAMP levels and induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis were attenuated by H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. These results indicated that MPFC-mediated activation of the p38 MAPK and the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway may shed light on a novel approach for an effective therapy for vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Guangxian Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Maidina Habasi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ko GA, Shrestha S, Kim Cho S. Sageretia thea fruit extracts rich in methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate downregulate melanogenesis via the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:3-12. [PMID: 29399291 PMCID: PMC5792254 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sageretia thea is traditionally used as a medicinal herb to treat various diseases, including skin disorders, in China and Korea. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Sageretia thea fruit on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The active chemical compounds in anti-melanogenesis were determined in
Sageretia thea. MATERIALS/METHODS Solvent fractions from the crude extract were investigated for anti-melanogenic activities. These activities and the mechanism of anti-melanogenesis in B16F10 cells were examined by determining melanin content and tyrosinase activity, and by performing western blotting. RESULTS The n-hexane fraction of Sageretia thea fruit (HFSF) exhibited significant anti-melanogenic activity among the various solvent fractions without reducing viability of B16F10 cells. The HFSF suppressed the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1). The reduction of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression by the HFSF was mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) signaling pathway, which promotes the reduction of β-catenin. Treatment with the GSK3β inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) restored HFSF-induced inhibition of MITF expression. The HFSF bioactive constituents responsible for anti-melanogenic activity were identified by bioassay-guided fractionation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that HFSF and its constituents, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, could be used as whitening agents in cosmetics and have potential for treating hyperpigmentation disorders in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-A Ko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Sabina Shrestha
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Subtropical Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chung YC, Kim S, Kim JH, Lee GS, Lee JN, Lee NH, Hyun CG. Pratol, an O-Methylated Flavone, Induces Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells via p-p38 and p-JNK Upregulation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101704. [PMID: 29019920 PMCID: PMC6151583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme critical for melanin synthesis. It controls pigmentation in the skin. Activation of tyrosinase is currently the most common approach in the development of tanning and haircare products. Pratol is a 7-hydroxy-4-methoxyflavone found in Trifoliumpratense. In this study, we investigated the effects of pratol on melanogenesis. We also studied the mechanism of action of pratol in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The cells were treated with various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM) of pratol to observe its effects. The results showed that pratol significantly increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in the cells without being cytotoxic. In addition, pratol strongly increased the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and 2 by enhancing the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, pratol stimulated melanogenesis via the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The findings from an assay searching for the inhibitor revealed that SB203580 (a specific p38 inhibitor) or SP600125 (a p-JNK inhibitor) attenuated pratol-induced cellular tyrosinase activity whereas PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) did not. Additionally, pratol interfered with the phosphorylation of p-AKT. We also found that pratol-induced melanogenesis was reversed by H89, which is a specific protein kinase A inhibitor. The results suggest that, owing to its multi-functional properties, pratol may be a potential tanning agent or a therapeutic agent for hair depigmentation in the cosmetic industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Chul Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Skin Science Research Institute, Itshanbul Cosmetics Co., Chungbuk 27651, Korea.
| | - Geun Soo Lee
- Skin Science Research Institute, Itshanbul Cosmetics Co., Chungbuk 27651, Korea.
| | - Jung No Lee
- R&D Center, CoSeedBioPham Co., Chungbuk 28161, Korea.
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Azam MS, Choi J, Lee MS, Kim HR. Hypopigmenting Effects of Brown Algae-Derived Phytochemicals: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E297. [PMID: 28946635 PMCID: PMC5666405 DOI: 10.3390/md15100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rapid increase in the demand for natural hypopigmenting agents from marine sources for cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Currently, marine macroalgae are considered as a safe and effective source of diverse bioactive compounds. Many research groups are exploring marine macroalgae to discover and characterize novel compounds for cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. Many types of bioactive secondary metabolites from marine algae, including phlorotannins, sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, and meroterpenoids, have already been documented for their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Among these metabolites, phlorotannins from brown algae have been widely screened for their pharmaceutical and hypopigmenting effects. Unfortunately, the majority of these articles did not have detailed investigations on molecular targets, which is critical to fulfilling the criteria for their cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical use. Very recently, a few meroterpenoids have been discovered from Sargassum sp., with the examination of their anti-melanogenic properties and mechanisms. Despite the scarcity of in vivo and clinical investigations of molecular mechanistic events of marine algae-derived hypopigmenting agents, identifying the therapeutic targets and their validation in humans has been a major challenge for future studies. In this review, we focused on available data representing molecular mechanisms underlying hypopigmenting properties of potential marine brown alga-derived compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shariful Azam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Choi
- Department of Foodservice Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Korea.
| | - Min-Sup Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cho BR, Jun HJ, Thach TT, Wu C, Lee SJ. Betaine reduces cellular melanin content via suppression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in B16-F1 murine melanocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1391-1397. [PMID: 30263674 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term topical skin care by traditional anti-melanogenic agents can raise several safety concerns. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms of active compounds on melanogenesis is, therefore, necessary to address pigmentation issues. Here we revealed that stimulation with 1 mM betaine, an abundant component in rice bran, significantly reduced 21% of intracellular melanin content by suppressing tyrosinase activity and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression in B16-F1 murine melanocytes. The expression of MITF was suppressed at both mRNA and protein levels by 43 and 44%, respectively. Subsequently, the betaine-stimulated melanocytes showed inhibition of PKA-CREB signaling axis but activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and AKT-GSK3β signaling pathways. This inhibition and activation led to downregulation of MITF expression at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels to suppress melanin synthesis. These findings collectively suggested that betaine is a potential anti-melanogenic compound for functional foods and cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Trung Thanh Thach
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Jung SH. Recent development of signaling pathways inhibitors of melanogenesis. Cell Signal 2017; 40:99-115. [PMID: 28911859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin, eye and hair color rely on the production of melanin, depending on its quantity, quality, and distribution, Melanin plays a monumental role in protecting the skin against the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. However, an excessive production of melanin causes serious dermatological problems such as freckles, solar lentigo (age spots), melasma, as well as cancer. Hence, the regulation of melanin production is important for controlling the hyper-pigmentation. Melanogenesis, a biosynthetic pathway to produce melanin pigment in melanocyte, involves a series of intricate enzymatic and chemical catalyzed reactions. Several extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and chemical drugs, and intrinsic factors include molecules secreted by surrounding keratinocytes or melanocytes, and fibroblasts, all of which regulate melanogenesis. This article reviews recent advances in the development of melanogenesis inhibitors that directly/indirectly target melanogenesis-related signaling pathways. Efforts have been made to provide a description of the mechanism of action of inhibitors on various melanogenesis signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National, University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National, University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Young leaves of reed (Phragmites communis) suppress melanogenesis and oxidative stress in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
50
|
Shin JS, Cho JH, Lee H, Jeong HS, Kim MK, Yun HY, Kwon NS, Kim DS. Dual hypopigmentary effects of punicalagin via the ERK and Akt pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:122-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|