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Jiao YT, Kang YR, Wen MY, Wu HQ, Zhang XW, Huang WH. Fast Antioxidation Kinetics of Glutathione Intracellularly Monitored by a Dual-Wire Nanosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313612. [PMID: 37909054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH) system is one of the most powerful intracellular antioxidant systems for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. However, the rapid kinetics information (at the millisecond to the second level) during the dynamic antioxidation process of the GSH system remains unclear. As such, we specifically developed a novel dual-wire nanosensor (DWNS) that can selectively and synchronously measure the levels of GSH and ROS with high temporal resolution, and applied it to monitor the transient ROS generation as well as the rapid antioxidation process of the GSH system in individual cancer cells. These measurements revealed that the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the GSH system is rapidly initiated against ROS burst in a sub-second time scale, but the elimination process is short-lived, ending after a few seconds, while some ROS are still present in the cells. This study is expected to open new perspectives for understanding the GSH antioxidant system and studying some redox imbalance-related physiological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi-Ran Kang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ming-Yong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui-Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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2
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Igben VO, Iju WJ, Itivere OA, Oyem JC, Akpulu PS, Ahama EE. Datura metel stramonium exacerbates behavioral deficits, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice via redox imbalance. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:15. [PMID: 37381025 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Datura metel (DM) stramonium is a medicinal plant often abused by Nigerians due to its psychostimulatory properties. Hallucinations, confusion, agitation, aggressiveness, anxiety, and restlessness are reported amongst DM users. Earlier studies suggest that DM induces neurotoxicity and affect brain physiology. However, the exact neurological effects of DM extract in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal morphology have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that oral exposure to DM extract exerts a neurotoxic effect by increasing oxidative stress in the mPFC and the hippocampus and induces behavioral deficits in mice. RESULTS DM methanolic extract exposure significantly increased MDA and NO levels and reduced SOD, GSH, GPx and CAT activities in mice brains. In addition, our results showed that DM exposure produced cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviour in mice following oral exposure for 28 days. Moreover, the mPFC and hippocampus showed neurodegenerative features, loss of dendritic and axonal arborization, a dose-dependent decrease in neuronal cell bodies' length, width, area, and perimeter, and a dose-dependent increase in the distance between neuronal cell bodies. CONCLUSIONS Oral exposure to DM in mice induces behavioural deficits, mPFC and hippocampal neuronal degenerations via redox imbalance in the brain of mice. These observations confirm the neurotoxicity of DM extracts and raises concerns on the safety and potential adverse effects of DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilson Josiah Iju
- Department of Human Anatomy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy, Novena University Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria
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3
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Chen X, Ren X, Gao X. Peptide or
Protein‐Protected
Metal Nanoclusters for Therapeutic Application. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
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4
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Mittal D, Biswas L, Verma AK. Redox resetting of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells by cisplatin-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:979-995. [PMID: 33970681 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To sensitize cisplatin (Cis)-resistant ovarian cancer cells toward Cis using Cis-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (CisNLCs). Materials & methods: CisNLCs were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform IR and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Sensitivity of PA-1 and CaOV3 cells to Cis and its biotoxicity were assessed. Further, expression of the Cis-resistance markers GSTPi and ATP7B, and apoptotic markers Bax, Bcl2 and Cas9 were quantified by real-time PCR. Results: The size of synthesized CisNLCs was approximately 179.3 ± 2.32 nm and surface charge was -33.9 ± 1.47 mV. IC50 was 210 μg/ml in PA-1 and 500 μg/ml in CaOV3. CisNLCs modulated reactive oxygen species levels in CaOV3 cells. Reduced GSTPi and decreased Cis efflux via ATP7B sequestration caused Cis to accumulate in cytoplasm, thereby augmenting apoptosis in cells. Conclusion: CisNLCs sensitize CaOV3 by redox resetting, indicating their immense therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Nanobiotech Lab, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Largee Biswas
- Department of Zoology, Nanobiotech Lab, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Department of Zoology, Nanobiotech Lab, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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5
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Oliveira LF, Rodrigues LD, Cardillo GM, Nejm MB, Guimarães-Marques M, Reyes-Garcia SZ, Zuqui K, Vassallo DV, Fiorini AC, Scorza CA, Scorza FA. Deleterious effects of chronic mercury exposure on in vitro LTP, memory process, and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7559-7569. [PMID: 31885058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments plays an important role in the exposure of humans to these toxicants. Among these pollutants, mercury (Hg) is one main concern due to its high neurotoxicity and environmental persistence. Even in low concentrations, Hg bioaccumulation is a major threat to human health, with higher impact on populations whose diet has fish as chief consumption. Mercury compounds have high affinity for neuronal receptors and proteins, which gives Hg its cumulative feature and have the ability to cross cell membranes and blood-brain barrier to show their neurotoxicity. Intoxication with Hg increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus depleting faster the resource of antioxidant proteins. To evaluate Hg-induced hippocampal ROS production, synaptic plasticity, anxiety, and memory, a total of 11 male Wistar rats were exposed to HgCl2 (Hg30 group) to produce a residual concentration of 8 ng/mL at the end of 30 days. Behavioral tests (plus-maze discriminative avoidance task), in vitro electrophysiology, and ROS assays were performed. Western blot assay showed decreased levels of antioxidant proteins GPx and SOD in Hg30 group. Increased ROS production was observed in the CA1 and CA3 regions in the Hg-exposed group. Plus-maze task detected long-term memory impairment in Hg30 group, linked to poorer in vitro long-term potentiation as compared to control group. Hg intoxication also promoted higher anxiety-like behavior in the exposed animals. In conclusion, our data suggests that low doses of HgCl2 resulted in impaired long-term memory and unbalance between decreased antioxidant protein expression and increased ROS production in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís D Rodrigues
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana B Nejm
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Selvin Z Reyes-Garcia
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - Karolini Zuqui
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Department of Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Audiology, UNIFESP/EPM, Brazil and Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hu C, Ye J, Zhao L, Li X, Wang Y, Liu X, Pan L, You L, Chen L, Jia Y, Zhang J. 5,7,3',4'-flavan-on-ol (taxifolin) protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by regulating the glutathione pathway. Life Sci 2019; 236:116939. [PMID: 31593705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taxifolin (TAX) reportedly exerts protective and therapeutic effects in liver. Herein, the effects of TAX against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacology and metabolomics analyses of TAX were assessed on C57 mice and L-02 cells. TAX was administered for 7 days, and APAP was given on the last day to establish an acute liver injury model. ALT and AST levels were determined, and liver ROS, MDA, GST, GSH and GPX1 were analysed. The expression and protein abundance of GPX1, GPS-Pi, GCLC and GCLM were assessed by PCR and western blotting, and metabolic changes in cells and serum were investigated by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Serum ALT and AST, and liver ROS, MDA, GST, GSH and GPX1 levels confirmed the protective effects of TAX. Besides, we found Only treating with TAX decreased the expression of CYP2E1 in mice liver tissue. TAX reversed the APAP-induced decrease in cell viability in L-02 cells, and reduced cellular ROS levels. Furthermore, TAX reversed the APAP-induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes at both mRNA and protein levels. Metabolomics analysis identified metabolites mainly related to glutathione metabolism (36 in vivo and 23 in vitro). The concentration of glutathione, oxidized glutathione, carnitine, succinic acid, pyroglutamic acid, citrulline, taurine, palmitoleic acid, phytoshingosine-1-P and sphingosine-1-P were close to normal levels after treating with TAX. These results indicate that TAX prevents APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting APAP metabolic activation mediated by CYP450 enzymes, modulating glutathione metabolism, and expression of related antioxidative signals. These properties could be harnessed to prevent or treat hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiawen Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Licong Zhao
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110011, China
| | - Xiulong Li
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lisha You
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Long Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiqun Jia
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Pohl SÖG, Agostino M, Dharmarajan A, Pervaiz S. Cross Talk Between Cellular Redox State and the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1215-1236. [PMID: 29304561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was discovered over three decades ago and is the prototype antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that comprises proteins with contrasting effects on cell fate. First identified as a consequence of chromosomal translocation (t 14:18) in human lymphoma, subsequent studies have revealed mutations and/or gene copy number alterations as well as post-translational modifications of Bcl-2 in a variety of human cancers. The canonical function of Bcl-2 is linked to its ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, thereby regulating apoptosome assembly and activation by blocking the cytosolic translocation of death amplification factors. Of note, the identification of specific domains within the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2 homology domains; BH domains) has not only provided a mechanistic insight into the various interactions between the member proteins but has also been the impetus behind the design and development of small molecule inhibitors and BH3 mimetics for clinical use. Recent Advances: Aside from its role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, recent evidence provides testimony to a novel facet in the biology of Bcl-2 that involves an intricate cross talk with cellular redox state. Bcl-2 overexpression modulates mitochondrial redox metabolism to create a "pro-oxidant" milieu, conducive for cell survival. However, under states of oxidative stress, overexpression of Bcl-2 functions as a redox sink to prevent excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting execution signals. Emerging evidence indicates various redox-dependent transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications with different functional outcomes. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the complex interplay between Bcl-2 and the cellular redox milieu from the standpoint of cell fate signaling remains vital for a better understanding of pathological states associated with altered redox metabolism and/or aberrant Bcl-2 expression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on its canonical functions, Bcl-2 has emerged as a potential druggable target. Small molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and/or other family members with similar function, as well as BH3 mimetics, are showing promise in the clinic. The emerging evidence for the noncanonical activity linked to cellular redox metabolism provides a novel avenue for the design and development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancers refractory to conventional chemotherapy by the overexpression of this prosurvival protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,3 Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,6 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Cui Q, Wang JQ, Assaraf YG, Ren L, Gupta P, Wei L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Modulating ROS to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 41:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Huang JQ, Zhou JC, Wu YY, Ren FZ, Lei XG. Role of glutathione peroxidase 1 in glucose and lipid metabolism-related diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:108-115. [PMID: 29800654 PMCID: PMC6168395 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) is a selenium-dependent enzyme that reduces intracellular hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. While past research explored regulations of gene expression and biochemical function of this selenoperoxidase, GPX1 has recently been implicated in the onset and development of chronic diseases. Clinical data have shown associations of human GPX1 gene variants with elevated risks of diabetes. Knockout and overexpression of Gpx1 in mice may induce types 1 and 2 diabetes-like phenotypes, respectively. This review assembles the latest advances in this new field of selenium biology, and attempts to postulate signal and molecular mechanisms mediating the role of GPX1 in glucose and lipid metabolism-related diseases. Potential therapies by harnessing the beneficial effects of this ubiquitous redox-modulating enzyme are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qiang Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518100, China; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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10
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Wu Y, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Crosstalk Between Sphingomyelinases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mycobacterial Infection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:935-948. [PMID: 28276697 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most important infections worldwide. The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, which has been shown to be a crucial factor in internalizing and killing various pathogens, modulates both the proinflammatory response and the state of mycobacteria in macrophages. However, studies about the role of sphingomyelinases in TB are still at an early stage. Recent Advances: Recent studies elucidated several roles of sphingomyelinases in manipulating mycobacterial infections. On the one hand, acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) promotes the fusion of bacteria-containing phagosomes and lysosomes, whereas on the other hand, Asm-derived ceramide induces cell death. Neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) enhances the release of reactive oxygen species, which suppress autophagy in infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo, allowing the pathogen to survive within macrophages. These findings indicate that the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in the attack of mycobacteria against the host. Critical Issues: Autophagy is a main strategy of mycobacterial clearance in TB, but the relevant mechanisms are still unknown. Additionally, there are indications that both Asm and Nsm are crucially involved in the formation of granulomas, which are a hallmark and a special structure of TB. However, very few findings have yet been published. Future Directions: Additional studies of the Nsm/ceramide system, which contributes to the resistance or susceptibility, respectively, of the host to mycobacterial infections, will detect currently unknown molecular mechanisms. Because inhibitors of Nsm already exist, targeting Nsm may be a novel approach to developing treatment options for mycobacterial infections. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 935-948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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11
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Phull AR, Nasir B, Haq IU, Kim SJ. Oxidative stress, consequences and ROS mediated cellular signaling in rheumatoid arthritis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 281:121-136. [PMID: 29258867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous extra- and intra-cellular processes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Augmented ROS generation can cause the damage of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acid and lipids. ROS act as an intracellular signaling component and is associated with various inflammatory responses, chronic arthropathies, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is well documented that ROS can activate different signaling pathways having a vital importance in the patho-physiology of RA. Hence, understanding of the molecular pathways and their interaction might be advantageous in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rehman Phull
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gongju Daehak-Ro, Gongju-Si, Chungnam, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Bakht Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, 56 Gongju Daehak-Ro, Gongju-Si, Chungnam, 32588, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lemmerhirt H, Behnisch S, Bodtke A, Lillig CH, Pazderova L, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Bednarski PJ. Effects of cytotoxic cis- and trans-diammine monochlorido platinum(II) complexes on selenium-dependent redox enzymes and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 178:94-105. [PMID: 29125948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the preparation of 14 pairs of cis- and trans-diammine monochlorido platinum(II) complexes, coordinated to heterocycles (i.e., imidazole, 2-methylimidazole and pyrazole) and linked to various acylhydrazones, which were designed as potential inhibitors of the selenium-dependent enzymes glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1). However, no inhibition of bovine GPx-1 and only weak inhibition of murine TrxR-1 was observed in in vitro assays. Nonetheless, the cis configured diammine monochlorido Pt(II) complexes exhibited cytotoxic and apoptotic properties on various human cancer cell lines, whereas the trans configured complexes generally showed weaker potency with a few exceptions. On the other hand, the trans complexes were generally more likely to lack cross-resistance to cisplatin than the cis analogues. Platinum was found bound to the nuclear DNA of cancer cells treated with representative Pt complexes, suggesting that DNA might be a possible target. Thus, detailed in vitro binding experiments with DNA were conducted. Interactions of the compounds with calf thymus DNA were investigated, including Pt binding kinetics, circular dichroism (CD) spectral changes, changes in DNA melting temperatures, unwinding of supercoiled plasmids and ethidium bromide displacement in DNA. The CD results indicate that the most active cis configured pyrazole-derived complex causes unique structural changes in the DNA compared to the other complexes as well as to those caused by cisplatin, suggesting a denaturation of the DNA structure. This may be important for the antiproliferative activity of this compound in the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lemmerhirt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steven Behnisch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christopher H Lillig
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lucia Pazderova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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13
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El Ali Z, Deloménie C, Botton J, Pallardy M, Kerdine-Römer S. Dendritic cells' death induced by contact sensitizers is controlled by Nrf2 and depends on glutathione levels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 322:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Liu M, Gao L, Zhao L, He J, Yuan Q, Zhang P, Zhao Y, Gao X. Peptide-Au Clusters Induced Tumor Cells Apoptosis via Targeting Glutathione Peroxidase-1: The Molecular Dynamics Assisted Experimental Studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:131. [PMID: 28273930 PMCID: PMC5428013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The original motivation of the article is to give a systematic investigation on the protocol of combining computer simulation and accurate synthesis of serial peptide protected gold clusters for potent tumor targeting therapy. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is a crucial antioxidant selenoenzyme that regulates cellular redox level, thus becomes a potential target in cancer treatment. We firstly utilize molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to rationally design and screen serial peptide-Au cluster compounds with special peptide sequences and precise gold atoms, which can recognize and bind specific domain of GPx-1 with high affinity. The theoretical simulations were further verified by the following peptide-Au clusters synthesis and GPx-1 activity suppression studies in buffer and cells, respectively. Further cytological experiments corroborated that peptide-Au clusters are promising nanoparticles inducing tumor cells apoptosis by suppressing GPx-1 activity and increasing higher cellular reactive oxygen species level to initiate tumor cell apoptosis through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lina Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yawei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP, Malik AB. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1126-67. [PMID: 23991888 PMCID: PMC3929010 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2779] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that play an important role in the progression of inflammatory disorders. An enhanced ROS generation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) at the site of inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction and tissue injury. The vascular endothelium plays an important role in passage of macromolecules and inflammatory cells from the blood to tissue. Under the inflammatory conditions, oxidative stress produced by PMNs leads to the opening of inter-endothelial junctions and promotes the migration of inflammatory cells across the endothelial barrier. The migrated inflammatory cells not only help in the clearance of pathogens and foreign particles but also lead to tissue injury. The current review compiles the past and current research in the area of inflammation with particular emphasis on oxidative stress-mediated signaling mechanisms that are involved in inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mittal
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Microwave-assisted synthesis and evaluation of acylhydrazones as potential inhibitors of bovine glutathione peroxidase. Mol Divers 2014; 18:307-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wilde F, Chamseddin C, Lemmerhirt H, Bednarski PJ, Jira T, Link A. Evaluation of (S)- and (R)-misonidazole as GPX inhibitors: synthesis, characterization including circular dichroism and in vitro testing on bovine GPx-1. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:153-60. [PMID: 24375829 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Racemic misonidazole, a radiosensitizer formally used in radiation therapy of cancer and to date still applied, was once reported to exhibit strong inhibitory effects on mouse glutathione peroxidases (GPX). This appeared to qualify misonidazole as a lead structure for the development of novel GPX inhibitors to cause oxidative stress in chemotherapy-resistant tumors. A unique feature of misonidazole as an inhibitor of GPX is the absence of a thiol functionality. Therefore, it was expected to selectively target inhibition devoid of promiscuous interactions with cations and sulfhydryl groups. We synthesized the isomers of misonidazole and analyzed the ability of chiroptical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the particular enantiomers. Due to the chiral pool synthesis, the assignment of the correct configuration could be verified. Finally, we evaluated both isomers for their inhibitory activities on bovine erythrocyte GPx-1, which is 87% homologous to the human enzyme. Despite the previously reported inhibition of racemic misonidazole on the less homologous mouse GPx-1, we did not find any significant inhibitory activity on the bovine enzyme for either isomer. Though misonidazole appears unlikely to be an inhibitor of human GPx-1 activity, we still spotlight misonidazole as a promising fragment-like lead structure in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wilde
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Lamas B, Nachat‐Kappes R, Goncalves‐Mendes N, Mishellany F, Rossary A, Vasson M, Farges M. Dietary fat without body weight gain increases in vivo MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell growth and decreases natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:58-71. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lamas
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH AuvergneINRA, UMR 1019Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Rachida Nachat‐Kappes
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH AuvergneINRA, UMR 1019Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Nicolas Goncalves‐Mendes
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH AuvergneINRA, UMR 1019Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Florence Mishellany
- EA 4677 ERTICa, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Jean PerrinClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH AuvergneINRA, UMR 1019Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Marie‐Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH AuvergneINRA, UMR 1019Clermont‐FerrandFrance
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Jean PerrinUnité de NutritionClermont‐FerrandFrance
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Unité de NutritionClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Marie‐Chantal Farges
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, CRNH AuvergneINRA, UMR 1019Clermont‐FerrandFrance
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Burns EM, Tober KL, Riggenbach JA, Kusewitt DF, Young GS, Oberyszyn TM. Differential effects of topical vitamin E and C E Ferulic® treatments on ultraviolet light B-induced cutaneous tumor development in Skh-1 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63809. [PMID: 23691100 PMCID: PMC3653797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the ever-increasing incidence of ultraviolet light B (UVB)-induced skin cancer, considerable attention is being paid to prevention through the use of both sunscreens and after sun treatments, many of which contain antioxidants. Vitamin E is included as an antioxidant in many sunscreens and lotions currently on the market. Studies examining the efficacy of vitamin E as a topical preventative agent for UVB-induced skin cancer have yielded conflicting results. A likely contributor to differences in study outcome is the stability of vitamin E in the particular formulation being tested. In the current study we examined the effects of topical vitamin E alone as well as vitamin E combined with vitamin C and ferulic acid in a more stable topical formula (C E Ferulic®). Mice were exposed to UVB for 10 weeks in order to induce skin damage. Then, before the appearance of any cutaneous lesions, mice were treated for 15 weeks with a topical antioxidant, without any further UVB exposure. We found that topical C E Ferulic decreased tumor number and tumor burden and prevented the development of malignant skin tumors in female mice with chronically UVB-damaged skin. In contrast, female mice chronically exposed to UVB and treated topically with vitamin E alone showed a trend towards increased tumor growth rate and exhibited increased levels of overall DNA damage, cutaneous proliferation, and angiogenesis compared to vehicle-treated mice. Thus, we have demonstrated that topical 5% alpha tocopherol may actually promote carcinogenesis when applied on chronically UVB-damaged skin while treating with a more stable antioxidant compound may offer therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Burns
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L. Tober
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Judith A. Riggenbach
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Young
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tatiana M. Oberyszyn
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shah D, Sah S, Nath SK. Interaction between glutathione and apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:741-51. [PMID: 23279845 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by imbalance redox state and increased apoptosis. The activation, proliferation and cell death of lymphocytes are dependent on intracellular levels of glutathione and controlled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in the intracellular redox environment of cells, through oxygen-derived free radical production known as oxidative stress, have been reported to be critical for cellular immune dysfunction, activation of apoptotic enzymes and apoptosis. The shift in the cellular GSH-to-GSSG redox balance in favor of the oxidized species, GSSG, constitutes an important signal that can decide the fate of the abnormal apoptosis in the disease. The current review will focus on four main areas: (1) general description of oxidative stress markers in SLE, (2) alteration of redox state and complication of disease, (3) role of redox mechanisms in the initiation and execution phases of apoptosis, and (4) intracellular glutathione and its checkpoints with lymphocyte apoptosis which represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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21
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione (GSH) depletion is a central signaling event that regulates the activation of cell death pathways. GSH depletion is often taken as a marker of oxidative stress and thus, as a consequence of its antioxidant properties scavenging reactive species of both oxygen and nitrogen (ROS/RNS). RECENT ADVANCES There is increasing evidence demonstrating that GSH loss is an active phenomenon regulating the redox signaling events modulating cell death activation and progression. CRITICAL ISSUES In this work, we review the role of GSH depletion by its efflux, as an important event regulating alterations in the cellular redox balance during cell death independent from oxidative stress and ROS/RNS formation. We discuss the mechanisms involved in GSH efflux during cell death progression and the redox signaling events by which GSH depletion regulates the activation of the cell death machinery. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The evidence summarized here clearly places GSH transport as a central mechanism mediating redox signaling during cell death progression. Future studies should be directed toward identifying the molecular identity of GSH transporters mediating GSH extrusion during cell death, and addressing the lack of sensitive approaches to quantify GSH efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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22
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Giesing M, Driesel G, Molitor D, Suchy B. Molecular phenotyping of circulating tumour cells in patients with prostate cancer: prediction of distant metastases. BJU Int 2012; 110:E1202-11. [PMID: 23046102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The role of circulating cancer cells in metastogenesis is generally accepted. Two forms of these cells have been reported in a number of studies, cancer cell clusters (CCCs) and individual epithelial cancer cells. Clusters appear at higher frequencies in the blood. CCCs have been reported to be rich in vimentin and poor in E-cadherin expression The resulting epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a prerequisite for metastasis formation, occurs in CCCs. We have developed a new set of biomarkers, namely the antioxidant genes GPX1, SOD2 and TXNRD1, specific to cell trafficking in the blood. Firstly, the study shows that diagnosis of distant metastases is feasible by applying molecular phenotyping with a five gene test that has 94% sensitivity and 81% accuracy. Again SOD2 and GPX1 showed the highest sensitivities. Secondly, the study shows the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy in clearing the blood of CCCs overexpressing diagnostic genes. Clinically the overall lifespan ranged from 5 to 99 months under taxotere. We aimed to investigate the molecular reasons and found that MDR1 overexpression worsened survival by 31%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the clinical impact of drug targeting and the counter-effect of drug resistance in CCCs on overall survival. The findings may, therefore, add a novel tool for clinicians in tailoring therapies individually. OBJECTIVES • To find the molecular phenotype in circulating cancer cells from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in order to predict distant metastases. • To determine genes affecting the study endpoints of overall survival and time to progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Twenty-five urologists in several clinics participated in the study, with 51 patients with metastatic and 77 with non-metastatic PCa. • Molecular analysis was carried out in two forms of circulating cancer cells, cancer cell clusters (CCCs) and individual epithelial cancer cells (CECs). • Gene expression was studied using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. • Cycle threshold values were normalized with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in cancer cells and mononucleated cells, yielding comparative specific expression values from the relative quantification method with the help of the standard curve method for each patient and each gene locus. RESULTS • Preclinical validation was performed using aggregated and non-aggregated SW480 cells showing the independence of CCCs and CECs. • Prediction of metastases was achieved with five genes showing the highest sensitivity, SOD2, GPX1, AR, cyclin B and bFGF. • The following results were obtained: 94% sensitivity, 65% specificity, 76% positive predictive value and 89% negative predictive value. The prevalence was 63%. Test accuracy was 81% with an odds ratio of 32 (P < 0.001). • Overall survival was worsened by preceding chemotherapies when leaving insufficient GPX1 clearance in blood. • Drug resistance genes were found to worsen the endpoints, among them MDR1 (P = 0.003; hazard ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.58). CONCLUSIONS • SOD2, GPX1 and AR represent a novel biomarker set for circulating cancer cells (clusters and scattered individual cells) in PCa. • The clinical usefulness of these biomarkers ranges from the prediction of clinical tumours to disease prognostication, therapy monitoring and therapy outcome prediction (hormonal therapies, chemotherapies). • The presence of CCCs and CECs after batch isolation allows the addition of genes for intensive studies, e.g. drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giesing
- Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Landau/Pfalz, Germany.
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Jerome-Morais A, Wright ME, Liu R, Yang W, Jackson MI, Combs GF, Diamond AM. Inverse association between glutathione peroxidase activity and both selenium-binding protein 1 levels and Gleason score in human prostate tissue. Prostate 2012; 72:1006-12. [PMID: 22072582 PMCID: PMC3288333 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from human epidemiological studies, cultured mammalian cells, and animal models have supported a potentially beneficial role of selenium (Se) in prostate cancer prevention. In addition, Se-containing proteins including members of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family and Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) have been linked to either cancer risk or development. For example, SBP1 levels are typically reduced in tumors compared to non-cancerous tissue, with the degree of reduction associated with increasingly poor clinical outcome. METHODS In order to investigate inter-relationships between blood and tissue Se levels and GPx activity, tissue SBP1 levels, and disease aggressiveness using the Gleason score, we measured levels of selenium and selected selenoproteins in fasting serum and histologically normal prostate tissues obtained from 24 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. RESULTS GPx enzyme activity was inversely correlated with SBP1 levels in prostate tissue as determined by densitometry of Western blots obtained using anti-SBP1 antibodies [partial Spearman's correlation coefficients and corresponding P-values overall and in African-Americans = -0.42 (0.08) and -0.53 (0.10), respectively], which is consistent with previous observations in cultured cells and mice. Of particular interest was the positive correlation between tissue GPx activity and Gleason score, with this relationship achieving statistical significance among African-Americans (r = 0.67, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION These studies support the continued investigation of the role of Se and selenoproteins in prostate cancer prevention, development, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jerome-Morais
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E. Wright
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew I. Jackson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Grand Forks, N.D., USA
| | - Gerald F. Combs
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Grand Forks, N.D., USA
| | - Alan M. Diamond
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Correspondence to: Alan M Diamond, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, 840 S Wood St, Room 130 CSN, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Phone: 312 413-8747. Fax: 312 996-7586.
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Yoo CB, Yun SM, Jo C, Koh YH. γ-Secretase-dependent cleavage of E-cadherin by staurosporine in breast cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:11-6. [PMID: 22401168 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2012.665969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a transmembrane protein that serves as a cell adhesion molecule component of the adherens junction. We previously showed that cadmium induced γ-secretase-dependent E-cadherin cleavage via oxidative stress. In this study, we report that staurosporine (STS)-induced apoptosis induces caspase-2 and/or -8-dependent E-cadherin cleavage. STS increased γ-secretase-dependent cleavage of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells through caspase activation. The ability of the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and the caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK to block E-cadherin cleavage provided support for these results. The cleavage of E-cadherin was blocked by caspase-2 and -8 inhibitors. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that, along with the disappearance of E-cadherin staining at the cell surface, the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain accumulated in the cytosol. In the presence of an inhibitor of γ-secretase or caspase, the cleavage of E-cadherin was partially blocked. Our findings suggest that activation of caspase-2/-8 stimulated the disruption of cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts in apoptotic cells via γ-secretase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Bae Yoo
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Gangoe-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yuzhalin AE, Kutikhin AG. Inherited variations in theSODandGPXgene families and cancer risk. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:581-99. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.658515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Susceptibility to gold nanoparticle-induced hepatotoxicity is enhanced in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Toxicology 2012; 294:27-35. [PMID: 22330258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the safety of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) use is of growing concern, most toxicity studies of AuNPs had focused on their chemical characteristics, including their physical dimensions, surface chemistry, and shape. The present study examined the susceptibility of rodents with healthy or damaged livers to AuNP-induced hepatotoxicity. To induce a model of liver injury, mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. Sizes and biodistribution of 15-nm PEGylated AuNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were estimated with an automatic chemical analyzer, and liver sections were subjected to pathological examination. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined by biochemical assay. Lateral tail vein injection of MCD diet-fed mice with 5 mg kg(-1) AuNPs significantly elevated the serum ALT and AST levels compared to MCD diet-fed mice injected with mPEG (methylpolyethylene glycol). Similarly, severe hepatic cell damage, acute inflammation, and increased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in the livers of AuNP-injected mice on the MCD diet; these liver injuries were attenuated in mice fed a normal chow diet. The results suggest that AuNPs display toxicity in a stressed liver environment by stimulating the inflammatory response and accelerating stress-induced apoptosis. These conclusions may point to the importance of considering health conditions, including liver damage, in medical applications of AuNPs.
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Wang F, Hu S, Liu W, Qiao Z, Gao Y, Bu Z. Deep-sequencing analysis of the mouse transcriptome response to infection with Brucella melitensis strains of differing virulence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28485. [PMID: 22216095 PMCID: PMC3247208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes brucellosis, a disease that affects sheep, cattle and occasionally humans. B. melitensis strain M5-90, a live attenuated vaccine cultured from B. melitensis strain M28, has been used as an effective tool in the control of brucellosis in goats and sheep in China. However, the molecular changes leading to attenuated virulence and pathogenicity in B. melitensis remain poorly understood. In this study we employed the Illumina Genome Analyzer platform to perform genome-wide digital gene expression (DGE) analysis of mouse peritoneal macrophage responses to B. melitensis infection. Many parallel changes in gene expression profiles were observed in M28- and M5-90-infected macrophages, suggesting that they employ similar survival strategies, notably the induction of anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic factors. Moreover, 1019 differentially expressed macrophage transcripts were identified 4 h after infection with the different B. melitensis strains, and these differential transcripts notably identified genes involved in the lysosome and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Further analysis employed gene ontology (GO) analysis: high-enrichment GOs identified endocytosis, inflammatory, apoptosis, and transport pathways. Path-Net and Signal-Net analysis highlighted the MAPK pathway as the key regulatory pathway. Moreover, the key differentially expressed genes of the significant pathways were apoptosis-related. These findings demonstrate previously unrecognized changes in gene transcription that are associated with B. melitensis infection of macrophages, and the central signaling pathways identified here merit further investigation. Our data provide new insights into the molecular attenuation mechanism of strain M5-90 and will facilitate the generation of new attenuated vaccine strains with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Zoonosis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Zoonosis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Zoonosis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Zoonosis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhe Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Zoonosis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Zoonosis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Lubos E, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1957-97. [PMID: 21087145 PMCID: PMC3159114 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are generated in all cells by mitochondrial and enzymatic sources. Left unchecked, these reactive species can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that enzymatically reduces hydrogen peroxide to water to limit its harmful effects. Certain reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, are also essential for growth factor-mediated signal transduction, mitochondrial function, and maintenance of normal thiol redox-balance. Thus, by limiting hydrogen peroxide accumulation, GPx-1 also modulates these processes. This review explores the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the expression and function of GPx-1, with an emphasis on the role of GPx-1 in modulating cellular oxidant stress and redox-mediated responses. As a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, GPx-1 expression is subject to unique forms of regulation involving the trace mineral selenium and selenocysteine incorporation during translation. In addition, GPx-1 has been implicated in the development and prevention of many common and complex diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the role of GPx-1 in these diseases and speculates on potential future therapies to harness the beneficial effects of this ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lubos
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Costa PM, Chicano-Gálvez E, López Barea J, DelValls TA, Costa MH. Alterations to proteome and tissue recovery responses in fish liver caused by a short-term combination treatment with cadmium and benzo[a]pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:3338-3346. [PMID: 20719421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The livers of soles (Solea senegalensis) injected with subacute doses of cadmium (Cd), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), or their combination, were screened for alterations to cytosolic protein expression patterns, complemented by cytological and histological analyses. Cadmium and B[a]P, but not combined, induced hepatocyte apoptosis and Kupfer cell hyperplasia. Proteomics, however, suggested that apoptosis was triggered through distinct pathways. Cadmium and B[a]P caused upregulation of different anti-oxidative enzymes (peroxiredoxin and glutathione peroxidase, respectively) although co-exposure impaired induction. Similarly, apoptosis was inhibited by co-exposure, to which may have contributed a synergistic upregulation of tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor, beta-actin and a lipid transport protein. The regulation factors of nine out of eleven identified proteins of different types revealed antagonistic or synergistic effects between Cd and B[a]P at the prospected doses after 24 h of exposure. The results indicate that co-exposure to Cd and B[a]P may enhance toxicity by impairing specific responses and not through cumulative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Costa
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
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Fang W, Goldberg ML, Pohl NM, Bi X, Tong C, Xiong B, Koh TJ, Diamond AM, Yang W. Functional and physical interaction between the selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) and the glutathione peroxidase 1 selenoprotein. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1360-6. [PMID: 20530237 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein (SBP) 1 is present in reduced levels in several cancer types as compared with normal tissues, and lower levels are associated with poor clinical prognosis. Another selenium-containing protein, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), has been associated with cancer risk and development. The interaction between these representatives of different classes of selenoproteins was investigated. Increasing SBP1 levels in either human colorectal or breast cancer cells by transfection of an expression construct resulted in the reduction of GPX1 enzyme activity. Increased expression of GPX1 in the same cell types resulted in the transcriptional and translational repression of SBP1, as evidenced by the reduction of SBP1 messenger RNA and protein and the inhibition of transcription measured using an SBP1 reporter construct. The opposing effects of SBP1 and GPX1 on each other were also observed when GPX1 was increased by supplementing the media of these tissue culture cells with selenium, and the effect of selenium on SBP1 was shown to be GPX1 dependent. Decreasing or increasing GPX1 levels in colonic epithelial cells of mice fed a selenium-deficient, -adequate or -supplemented diet resulted in the opposing effect on SBP1 levels. These data are explained in part by the demonstration that SBP1 and GPX1 form a physical association, as determined by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The results presented establish an interaction between two distinct selenium-containing proteins that may enhance the understanding of the mechanisms by which selenium and selenoproteins affect carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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31
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Pejić S, Todorović A, Stojiljković V, Kasapović J, Pajović SB. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in endometrium of patients with polyps, myoma, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009. [PMID: 20030853 DOI: 10.1186/1477–7827-7–149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system have been proposed as a potential factors involved in the pathophysiology of diverse disease states, including carcinogenesis. In this study, we explored the lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in women diagnosed with different forms of gynecological diseases in order to evaluate the antioxidant status in endometrium of such patients. METHODS Endometrial tissues of gynecological patients with different diagnoses were collected and subjected to assays for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and lipid hydroperoxides. RESULTS Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased (50% in average) in hyperplastic and adenocarcinoma patients. Activities of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were increased 60% and 100% on average, in hyperplastic patients, while in adenocarcinoma patients only glutathione reductase activity was elevated 100%. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma patients (47%). Lipid hydroperoxides level was negatively correlated to superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and positively correlated to glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first comparison of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in endometrial tissues of patients with polyps, myoma, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The results showed that patients with premalignant (hyperplastic) and malignant (adenocarcinoma) lesions had enhanced lipid peroxidation and altered uterine antioxidant enzyme activities than patients with benign uterine diseases, polyps and myoma, although the extent of disturbance varied with the diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the observed alterations and whether lipid hydroperoxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in uterus of gynecological patients might be used as additional parameter in clinical evaluation of gynecological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Pejić
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Pejić S, Todorović A, Stojiljković V, Kasapović J, Pajović SB. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in endometrium of patients with polyps, myoma, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:149. [PMID: 20030853 PMCID: PMC2805669 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system have been proposed as a potential factors involved in the pathophysiology of diverse disease states, including carcinogenesis. In this study, we explored the lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in women diagnosed with different forms of gynecological diseases in order to evaluate the antioxidant status in endometrium of such patients. METHODS Endometrial tissues of gynecological patients with different diagnoses were collected and subjected to assays for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and lipid hydroperoxides. RESULTS Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased (50% in average) in hyperplastic and adenocarcinoma patients. Activities of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were increased 60% and 100% on average, in hyperplastic patients, while in adenocarcinoma patients only glutathione reductase activity was elevated 100%. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma patients (47%). Lipid hydroperoxides level was negatively correlated to superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and positively correlated to glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first comparison of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in endometrial tissues of patients with polyps, myoma, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The results showed that patients with premalignant (hyperplastic) and malignant (adenocarcinoma) lesions had enhanced lipid peroxidation and altered uterine antioxidant enzyme activities than patients with benign uterine diseases, polyps and myoma, although the extent of disturbance varied with the diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the observed alterations and whether lipid hydroperoxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in uterus of gynecological patients might be used as additional parameter in clinical evaluation of gynecological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Pejić
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Todorović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stojiljković
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kasapović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana B Pajović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
A variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are known to be altered as a result of cancer development. Thus, these PTMs are potentially useful biomarkers for breast cancer. Mass spectrometry, antibody microarrays and immunohistochemistry techniques have shown promise for identifying changes in PTMs. In this review, we summarize the current literature on PTMs identified in the plasma and tumor tissue of breast-cancer patients or in breast cell lines. We also discuss some of the analytical techniques currently being used to evaluate PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Group, Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352
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Yang WH, Park SY, Ji S, Kang JG, Kim JE, Song H, Mook-Jung I, Choe KM, Cho JW. O-GlcNAcylation regulates hyperglycemia-induced GPX1 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:756-61. [PMID: 19944066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia induces activation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), an anti-oxidant enzyme essential for cell survival during oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of GPX1 activation is unclear. Here, we report that hyperglycemia-induced protein glycosylation by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is crucial for activation of GPX1 and for its binding to c-Abl and Arg kinases. GPX1 itself is modified with O-GlcNAc on its C-terminus. We also demonstrate that pharmacological injection of the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor NTZ induces GPX1 activation in the mouse liver. Our findings suggest a crucial role for GPX1 and its O-GlcNAc modification in hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ho Yang
- Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Guerraty MA, Grant GR, Karanian JW, Chiesa OA, Pritchard WF, Davies PF. Hypercholesterolemia induces side-specific phenotypic changes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma pathway activation in swine aortic valve endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:225-31. [PMID: 19926833 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.198549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background- The endothelium of healthy aortic valves expresses different phenotypes on the aortic and ventricular sides. On the aortic side, which is susceptible to aortic valve sclerosis, there is a balanced coexpression of both propathological and protective pathways. Side-specific global gene expression can address endothelial phenotype balance in early aortic valve sclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male swine were fed a hypercholesterolemic or an isocaloric normal diet for 2-week and 6-month periods. Hypercholesterolemia induced localized lipid insudation confined to the aortic side of the leaflet. Transcript profiling of valve endothelial populations showed that the susceptible aortic side was more sensitive to 2-week hypercholesterolemia than the ventricular side (1,325 vs 87 genes were differentially expressed). However, greater sensitivity was not evidence of a dysfunctional phenotype. Instead, pathway analyses identified differential expression of caspase 3-, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-, TNF-alpha-, and nuclear factor-kappaB-related pathways that were consistent with a protective endothelial phenotype. This was confirmed at the protein level at 2 weeks and persisted at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS In a large animal model at high spatial resolution, endothelium on the pathosusceptible side of the aortic valve leaflet is responsive to hypercholesterolemia. Transcript profiles indicative of a protective phenotype were induced and persisted on the side prone to aortic valve sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Guerraty
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Flohé L. The labour pains of biochemical selenology: The history of selenoprotein biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1389-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhuo P, Goldberg M, Herman L, Lee BS, Wang H, Brown RL, Foster CB, Peters U, Diamond AM. Molecular consequences of genetic variations in the glutathione peroxidase 1 selenoenzyme. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8183-90. [PMID: 19826042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data have implicated the selenium-containing cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, GPx-1, as a determinant of cancer risk and a mediator of the chemopreventive properties of selenium. Genetic variants of GPx-1 have been shown to be associated with cancer risk for several types of malignancies. To investigate the relationship between GPx-1 enzyme activity and genotype, we measured GPx-1 enzyme activity and protein levels in human lymphocytes as a function of the presence of two common variations: a leucine/proline polymorphism at codon 198 and a variable number of alanine-repeat codons. Differences in GPx activity among these cell lines, as well as in the response to the low-level supplementation of the media with selenium, indicated that factors other than just genotype are significant in determining activity. To restrict the study to genotypic effects, human MCF-7 cells were engineered to exclusively express allelic variants representing a combination of either a codon 198 leucine or proline and either 5 or 7 alanine-repeat codons following transfection of GPx-1 expression constructs. Transfectants were selected and analyzed for GPx-1 enzyme activity and protein levels. GPx-1 with 5 alanines and a leucine at codon 198 showed a significantly higher induction when cells were incubated with selenium and showed a distinct pattern of thermal denaturation as compared with GPx-1 encoded by the other examined alleles. The collective data obtained using both lymphocytes and MCF-7 indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors cooperate to ultimately determine the levels of this enzyme available to protect cells against DNA damage and mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Zhuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Giesing M, Suchy B, Driesel G, Molitor D. Clinical utility of antioxidant gene expression levels in circulating cancer cell clusters for the detection of prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen levels of 4-10 ng/mL and disease prognostication after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2009; 105:1000-10. [PMID: 19818074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test antioxidant genes (AOX) expression in circulating cancer cell clusters (CCC). A novel method using molecular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of CCC was applied for predicting prostate cancer and to assess the effect of radical prostatectomy (RP) on reducing CCC and for prognostication of relapse-free survival (RFS), as serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) has limited specificity at 4-10 ng/mL. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 240 patients were enrolled in the study, 129 for tumour diagnosis and 111 after RP for disease prognostication. Filtration assay in previously fractionated mononuclear cells (MNC) was used to enrich the CCC and large cells, which were retained in a mesh of 20 microm width. To establish the malignant nature of these cells they were analysed for genomic imbalances detected via PCR-assays of loss of heterozygosity in tumour suppressor loci and of DNA amplification in protooncogen loci. As a screening test in daily practice, real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR of AOX was introduced to overcome the laborious and expensive DNA tests. The AOX chosen were glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thioredoxine reductase (TXNRD1); selected from 67 marker candidate genes according to sensitivity and specificity data. AOX overexpression in CCC serves as a general marker for solid tumours needing, however, organ markers to relate to the organ of origin. Androgen receptor (AR), PSA and prostate-specific membrane antigen mRNAs served as organ markers for the prostate. Signals were detected in patients' MNC and to a minor level in CCC, rendering to CCC a substantial loss in epithelial features equivalent to a lower grade of epithelial differentiation. Organ markers in the MNC fraction were positive in <85% of AOX testing. RESULTS The AOX test was tumour predicting (P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 86%, specificity 82%, positive predictive value 69%, negative predictive value 92%, accuracy 83% and odds ratio (OR) of 28. SOD2 and TXNRD1 expression correlated to tumour size and Gleason score. Objective assessment for the evaluation of the molecular cell markers was achieved by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The areas under the ROC curve values of the AOXs were 0.7-0.9. RP was followed by a complete clearance of AOX-expressing cells. After RP, a subgroup of patients had residual CCC over-expressing only SOD2 and GPX1 indicating incomplete clearance by RP. Sustained overexpression of SOD2 and GPX1 accounted as risk factors for distant tumour recurrence (P = 0.003) mainly for bone metastases (97% M1b) as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves. In univariate analysis the tumour size had a limited effect on the probability of RFS (P = 0.05). In multivariate analysis tumour size, nodal status and Gleason score had no effect. This can partially be attributed to the higher risk level of pathological variables in the AOX over-expressing group but also to ineffective endocrine therapy resulting in marked overexpression of ARs and GPX1, the lead prognosticator gene. The AOX expression level allowed the identification of patients with high progression risk, who have more favourable pathological variables. CONCLUSION The AOX testing of CCC is a novel method with excellent prognostic and predictive properties enabling the monitoring of therapies, e.g. effects of RP and endocrine therapy. We speculate that the continuing elevated expression of AOX with special emphasis on GPX1 acts as survival and defence mechanism in CCC required in an atypical environment prone to escape from immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giesing
- Institute for Molecular Nanotechnology, Recklinghausen, Germany.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a conserved homeostatic process critical for organ and tissue morphogenesis, development, and senescence. This form of programmed cell death also participates in the etiology of several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders. Although the signaling pathways leading to the progression of apoptosis have been extensively characterized, recent studies highlight the regulatory role of changes in the intracellular milieu (permissive apoptotic environment) in the efficient activation of the cell death machinery. In particular, glutathione (GSH) depletion is a common feature of apoptotic cell death triggered by a wide variety of stimuli including activation of death receptors, stress, environmental agents, and cytotoxic drugs. Although initial studies suggested that GSH depletion was only a byproduct of oxidative stress generated during cell death, recent discoveries suggest that GSH depletion and post-translational modifications of proteins through glutathionylation are critical regulators of apoptosis. Here, we reformulate these emerging paradigms into our current understanding of cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franco
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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40
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Susnow N, Zeng L, Margineantu D, Hockenbery DM. Bcl-2 family proteins as regulators of oxidative stress. Semin Cancer Biol 2008. [PMID: 19138742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family of proteins includes pro- and anti-apoptotic factors acting at mitochondrial and microsomal membranes. An impressive body of published studies, using genetic and physical reconstitution experiments in model organisms and cell lines, supports a view of Bcl-2 proteins as the critical arbiters of apoptotic cell death decisions in most circumstances (excepting CD95 death receptor signaling in Type I cells). Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer [Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57-70], relevant to tumorigenesis as well as resistance to cytotoxic drugs, and deregulation of Bcl-2 proteins is observed in many cancers [Manion MK, Hockenbery DM. Targeting BCL-2-related proteins in cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003;2:S105-14; Olejniczak ET, Van Sant C, Anderson MG, Wang G, Tahir SK, Sauter G, et al. Integrative genomic analysis of small-cell lung carcinoma reveals correlates of sensitivity to bcl-2 antagonists and uncovers novel chromosomal gains. Mol Cancer Res. 2007;5:331-9]. The rekindled interest in aerobic glycolysis as a cancer trait raises interesting questions as to how metabolic changes in cancer cells are integrated with other essential alterations in cancer, e.g. promotion of angiogenesis and unbridled growth signals. Apoptosis induced by multiple different signals involves loss of mitochondrial homeostasis, in particular, outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, releasing cytochrome c and other proteins from the intermembrane space. This integrative process, controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins, is also influenced by the metabolic state of the cell. In this review, we consider the role of reactive oxygen species, a metabolic by-product, in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, and the relationships between Bcl-2 functions and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Susnow
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6424, United States
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Bcl-2 family proteins as regulators of oxidative stress. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:42-9. [PMID: 19138742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family of proteins includes pro- and anti-apoptotic factors acting at mitochondrial and microsomal membranes. An impressive body of published studies, using genetic and physical reconstitution experiments in model organisms and cell lines, supports a view of Bcl-2 proteins as the critical arbiters of apoptotic cell death decisions in most circumstances (excepting CD95 death receptor signaling in Type I cells). Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer [Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57-70], relevant to tumorigenesis as well as resistance to cytotoxic drugs, and deregulation of Bcl-2 proteins is observed in many cancers [Manion MK, Hockenbery DM. Targeting BCL-2-related proteins in cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003;2:S105-14; Olejniczak ET, Van Sant C, Anderson MG, Wang G, Tahir SK, Sauter G, et al. Integrative genomic analysis of small-cell lung carcinoma reveals correlates of sensitivity to bcl-2 antagonists and uncovers novel chromosomal gains. Mol Cancer Res. 2007;5:331-9]. The rekindled interest in aerobic glycolysis as a cancer trait raises interesting questions as to how metabolic changes in cancer cells are integrated with other essential alterations in cancer, e.g. promotion of angiogenesis and unbridled growth signals. Apoptosis induced by multiple different signals involves loss of mitochondrial homeostasis, in particular, outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, releasing cytochrome c and other proteins from the intermembrane space. This integrative process, controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins, is also influenced by the metabolic state of the cell. In this review, we consider the role of reactive oxygen species, a metabolic by-product, in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, and the relationships between Bcl-2 functions and oxidative stress.
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Antioxidant activity of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists in LNCaP human prostate cancer line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:20470-5. [PMID: 19075233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0811209106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) controls the release of growth hormone and acts as a growth factor in various tumors. Potent antagonistic analogues of GHRH have been synthesized that strongly suppress the growth of diverse cancers through several mechanisms. However, the influence of GHRH antagonists on the redox (reduction/oxidation) status of cancers has not been investigated. Cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is central to redox signaling and is implicated in the initiation, development, and progression of cancer. In this study, we evaluated by Western blot the effects in vitro of GHRH and its antagonist JMR-132 on proliferating cell nuclear antigen, tumor suppressor protein p53, transcription factor NF-kappaB p50 and its phosphorylated form, caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 3 in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. GHRH stimulated and GHRH antagonist inhibited the expression of the major antioxidant enzymes, as well as the expression of COX 2 and cytochrome c oxidase IV, which are enzymes involved in the generation of ROS. GHRH augmented and GHRH antagonist suppressed lipid and protein oxidative stress markers, as well as the intracellular generation of ROS. In all these tests, GHRH antagonists exerted strong antioxidant activity. Because the metabolism of ROS and oxidative stress have been associated with initiation and progression of not only prostate tumors but also other malignancies, our findings reinforce previous experimental evidence that GHRH antagonists could be useful for cancer therapy.
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Komen J, Wolbers F, Franke HR, Andersson H, Vermes I, van den Berg A. Viability analysis and apoptosis induction of breast cancer cells in a microfluidic device: effect of cytostatic drugs. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 10:727-37. [PMID: 18523888 PMCID: PMC2494574 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among non-smoking women worldwide. At the moment the treatment regime is such that patients receive different chemotherapeutic and/or hormonal treatments dependent on the hormone receptor status, the menopausal status and age. However, in vitro sensitivity testing of tumor biopsies could rationalize and improve the choice of chemo- and hormone therapy. Lab-on-a-Chip devices, using microfluidic techniques, make detailed cellular analysis possible using fewer cells, enabling working with a patients' own cells and performing chemo- and hormone sensitivity testing in an ex vivo setting. This article describes the development of two microfluidic devices made in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to validate the cell culture properties and analyze the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells (estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells) in response to the drug staurosporine (SSP). In both cases, cell viability was assessed using the life-stain Calcein-AM (CAAM) and the death dye propidium iodide (PI). MCF-7 cells could be statically cultured for up to 7 days in the microfluidic chip. A 30 min flow with SSP and a subsequent 24 h static incubation in the incubator induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as shown by a disappearance of the aggregate-like morphology, a decrease in CAAM staining and an increase in PI staining. This work provides valuable leads to develop a microfluidic chip to test the chemosensitivity of tumor cells in response to therapeutics and in this way improve cancer treatment towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Komen
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Wolbers
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Henk R. Franke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Andersson
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Istvan Vermes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMTI), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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44
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Vergara D, Chiriacò F, Acierno R, Maffia M. Proteomic map of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Proteomics 2008; 8:2045-51. [PMID: 18491318 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the field of proteomics extensive efforts have been focused on the knowledge of proteins expressed by different cell types. In particular, enormous progress has been done in the characterization of blood cellular components. In this work, we have established a public 2-DE database for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proteins. Two hundred and forty-six spots corresponding to 174 different proteins have been identified on 2-DE gels from PBMCs isolated from six healthy individuals. All the identified proteins have been classified in thirteen categories on the basis of their differential functions or cellular localization and annotated at the http://physiology.unile.it/proteomics. The role of several proteins has been discussed in relation to their biological function. We intend to show the potentiality of PBMCs to investigate the proteomics changes possibly associated with a large number of pathologies such as autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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45
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Thomson SJ, Cox AG, Cuddihy SL, Pullar JM, Hampton MB. Inhibition of receptor-mediated apoptosis upon Bcl-2 overexpression is not associated with increased antioxidant status. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:145-50. [PMID: 18687309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is reported to augment the antioxidant capacity of cells and this is hypothesized to contribute to the anti-apoptotic activity of this oncoprotein. We generated a number of stable Jurkat cell lines expressing varying levels of Bcl-2, and showed a strong correlation between Bcl-2 levels and resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. While individual differences could be detected, there was no overall correlation between Bcl-2 and the expression and activity of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductases, and peroxiredoxins. Cells transfected with Bcl-2 averaged 70% more glutathione than parental cells, but there was no correlation between glutathione and resistance to apoptosis. This challenges the hypothesis that the anti-apoptotic properties of Bcl-2 are linked to a global increase in antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Thomson
- Free Radical Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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46
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Cox AG, Pullar JM, Hughes G, Ledgerwood EC, Hampton MB. Oxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 during the initiation of receptor-mediated apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1001-9. [PMID: 18164270 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that activation of death receptors disrupts the redox homeostasis of cells and that this contributes to the induction of apoptosis. The redox status of the peroxiredoxins, which are extremely sensitive to increases in H2O2 and disruption of the thioredoxin system, were monitored in Jurkat T lymphoma cells undergoing Fas-mediated apoptosis. The only detectable change during the early stages of apoptosis was oxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3. Increased H2O2 triggers peroxiredoxin overoxidation to a sulphinic acid; however during apoptosis peroxiredoxin 3 was captured as a disulfide, suggesting impairment of the thioredoxin system responsible for maintaining peroxiredoxin 3 in its reduced form. Peroxiredoxin 3 oxidation was an early event, occurring within the same timeframe as increased mitochondrial oxidant production, caspase activation and cytochrome c release. It preceded other major apoptotic events including mitochondrial permeability transition and phosphatidylserine exposure, and glutathione depletion, global thiol protein oxidation and protein carbonylation. Peroxiredoxin 3 oxidation was also observed in U937 cells stimulated with TNF-alpha. We hypothesize that the selective oxidation of peroxiredoxin 3 leads to an increase in mitochondrial H2O2 and that this may influence the progression of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cox
- Free Radical Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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47
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Do genetic factors protect for early onset lung cancer? A case control study before the age of 50 years. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:60. [PMID: 18298806 PMCID: PMC2292731 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset lung cancer shows some familial aggregation, pointing to a genetic predisposition. This study was set up to investigate the role of candidate genes in the susceptibility to lung cancer patients younger than 51 years at diagnosis. METHODS 246 patients with a primary, histologically or cytologically confirmed neoplasm, recruited from 2000 to 2003 in major lung clinics across Germany, were matched to 223 unrelated healthy controls. 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes with reported associations to lung cancer have been genotyped. RESULTS Genetic associations or gene-smoking interactions was found for GPX1(Pro200Leu) and EPHX1(His113Tyr). Carriers of the Leu-allele of GPX1(Pro200Leu) showed a significant risk reduction of OR = 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4-0.8, p = 0.002) in general and of OR = 0.3 (95% CI:0.1-0.8, p = 0.012) within heavy smokers. We could also find a risk decreasing genetic effect for His-carriers of EPHX1(His113Tyr) for moderate smokers (OR = 0.2, 95% CI:0.1-0.7, p = 0.012). Considered both variants together, a monotone decrease of the OR was found for smokers (OR of 0.20; 95% CI: 0.07-0.60) for each protective allele. CONCLUSION Smoking is the most important risk factor for young lung cancer patients. However, this study provides some support for the T-Allel of GPX1(Pro200Leu) and the C-Allele of EPHX1(His113Tyr) to play a protective role in early onset lung cancer susceptibility.
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48
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Nemmiche S, Chabane-Sari D, Guiraud P. Role of α-tocopherol in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rat's blood, liver and brain. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 170:221-30. [PMID: 17897638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) a highly toxic metal is considered to be a multitarget toxicant, and it accumulates principally in the liver and kidney after absorption. In vivo studies of mouse and rat liver have shown that apoptosis plays a primary role in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the detailed mechanisms by which toxic metals such as Cd produce their effects are still largely unknown. The present study aimed at investigating the consequences of exposure to Cd, alpha-tocopherol and their combination on stress biochemical parameters (lipoperoxidation and protein carbonyls levels). Male albino Wistar rats (1 month old) were treated intravenously with cadmium (2 mg CdCl(2)/kg body weight/day), and alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg body weight/day), or with alpha-tocopherol+Cd (100 mg Vit E/kg body weight, 2 mg CdCl(2)/kg). The lipoperoxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method and oxidatively generated damage to proteins by determining carbonyl (DNPH) levels. Among the hematological parameters measured the haematocrit value and haemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased in the blood of Cd-treated rats. A significant increase was observed in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls in the cadmium exposed group compared to control group (p<0.001), and these values were decreased after administration of alpha-tocopherol (group 4). The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in rat liver and brain showed a significant increase as compared to that found in the control group and significant decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. In the liver of the Cd-treated group the contents of reduced glutathione were decreased. Our results suggest that cadmium induces an oxidation of cellular lipids and proteins and that administration of alpha-tocopherol can reduce Cd-induced oxidative stress and improve the glutathione level together with other biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïd Nemmiche
- Laboratoire de Physio Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen Cedex 13000, Algeria.
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49
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Franco R, Panayiotidis MI, Cidlowski JA. Glutathione depletion is necessary for apoptosis in lymphoid cells independent of reactive oxygen species formation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:30452-65. [PMID: 17724027 PMCID: PMC2267748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the intracellular redox environment of cells have been reported to be critical for the activation of apoptotic enzymes and the progression of programmed cell death. Glutathione (GSH) depletion is an early hallmark observed in apoptosis, and we have demonstrated that GSH efflux during death receptor-mediated apoptosis occurs via a GSH transporter. We now evaluate the relationship between GSH depletion, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the progression of apoptosis. Simultaneous single cell analysis of changes in GSH content and ROS formation by multiparametric FACS revealed that loss of intracellular GSH was paralleled by the generation of different ROS including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxides. However, inhibition of ROS formation by a variety of antioxidants showed that GSH loss was independent from the generation of ROS. Furthermore, GSH depletion was observed to be necessary for ROS generation. Interestingly, high extracellular thiol concentration (GSH and N-acetyl-cysteine) inhibited apoptosis, whereas, inhibition of ROS generation by other non-thiol antioxidants was ineffective in preventing cell death. Finally, GSH depletion was shown to be a necessary for the progression of apoptosis activated by both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways. These results document a necessary and critical role for GSH loss in apoptosis and clearly uncouple for the first time GSH depletion from ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- From the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | - John A. Cidlowski
- From the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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50
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Viola-Rhenals M, Rieber MS, Rieber M. Role of peroxidases, thiols and Bak/Bax in tumor cell susceptibility to Cu[DEDTC]2. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:841-50. [PMID: 17679146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper and two molecules of diethyl dithiocarbamate [DEDTC] form the Cu[DEDTC](2) complex, which shows cytotoxicity against melanoma and carcinoma cells, making it a potentially useful anti-cancer agent. The differential response to Cu[DEDTC](2) in susceptible human SKBR3 carcinoma and C8161 melanoma cell variants of moderate and high resistance to this organometallic complex was evaluated in this study. Both cell lines underwent apoptosis-associated PARP cleavage, changes in expression of nuclear NFkB p65, p21WAF1 and cyclin A, with loss of clonogenicity in response to this agent. However, a threefold greater concentration [IC(50) 0.6 microM DEDTC: 0.3 microM Cu] was required to kill moderately resistant C8161 melanoma compared to highly susceptible SKBR3 cells. Decreased susceptibility to Cu[DEDTC](2) in C8161 melanoma correlated with greater levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and a fourfold lower requirement for N-acetyl cysteine (1mM) to overcome toxicity. Whereas melanoma cells selected for resistance to [0.8 microM DEDTC: 0.4 microM Cu] showed persistent catalase and GPx activity, melanoma cells with moderate susceptibility showed decreased catalase and Gpx when responding to treatment. Cytotoxic response in moderately susceptible C8161 melanoma cells involved an early accumulation of pro-apoptotic Bax in the G2 cell cycle phase, followed by an increased ratio of pro-apoptotic Bak to anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 in mitochondria. Our data suggests that Cu[DEDTC](2) toxicity is mediated through an increase in pro-apoptotic Bak/Bax via disruption of the peroxide and thiol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Viola-Rhenals
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Centre for Microbiology & Cell Biology, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020 A, Venezuela.
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