1
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Banerjee SK, Thurlow LR, Kannan K, Richardson AR. Glucose transporter 1 is essential for the resolution of methicillin-resistant S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114486. [PMID: 38990718 PMCID: PMC11323221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin/soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a major healthcare burden. Distinct inflammatory and resolution phases comprise the host immune response to SSTIs. Resolution is a myeloid PPARγ-dependent anti-inflammatory phase that is essential for the clearance of MRSA. However, the signals activating PPARγ to induce resolution remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) is essential for the onset of resolution. MRSA-challenged macrophages are unsuccessful in generating an oxidative burst or immune radicals in the absence of GLUT-1 due to a reduction in the cellular NADPH pool. This translates in vivo as a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation products required for the activation of PPARγ in MRSA-infected mice lacking myeloid GLUT-1. Chemical induction of PPARγ during infection circumvents this GLUT-1 requirement and improves resolution. Thus, GLUT-1-dependent oxidative burst is essential for the activation of PPARγ and subsequent resolution of SSTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijon K Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lance R Thurlow
- Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
| | - Kartik Kannan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Anthony R Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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2
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Montserrat-Mesquida M, Ferrer MD, Pons A, Sureda A, Capó X. Effects of chronic hydrogen peroxide exposure on mitochondrial oxidative stress genes, ROS production and lipid peroxidation in HL60 cells. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101869. [PMID: 38467292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive species that is also involved in the redox regulation of cells because of it is relative stability. In numerous pathological situations, a chronic increase in the production of reactive species is observed, which is related to oxidative stress and cellular damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to different H2O2 concentrations on oxidative stress biomarkers and mitochondrial dynamics in HL60 cells. HL60 cells were treated with a sustained production (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 nM/s) of H2O2 for one hour. H2O2 production and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as a lipid peroxidation marker, increased progressively in HL60 cells in accordance with higher H2O2 exposure, with significant differences between the 10 nM/s H2O2 group and the control and 0.1 nM/s groups. Similarly, progressive increased expression in genes related to the mitochondrial antioxidant defences and mitochondrial dynamics were also observed. Significantly increased gene expression in the 10 nM/s H2O2 with respect to the control group was observed for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), mitofusins 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), whereas no significant changes were observed in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) gene expression. In conclusion, exposure to different sustained production of H2O2 is related to a progressive increase in the gene expression of mitochondrial dynamics and redox processes in HL60 cells, but also to oxidative damage at higher H2O2 production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Ferrer
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - A Pons
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - X Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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3
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Wu W, Wang J, Chen J, Lu J, Lao Y, Huang K, Lin J. MFG-E8 has guiding significance for the prognosis and treatment of sepsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20916. [PMID: 36463380 PMCID: PMC9719492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a significant clinical challenge. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Ferroptosis is associated with oxidative stress, and excessive oxidative stress is suppressed by milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) under various conditions. However, the role of MFG-E8 in sepsis-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress is still unclear. First, we collected blood samples from patients with sepsis and detected the expression of serum MFG-E8. Then, the relationship between serum concentrations of MFG-E8 and disease severity was detected. Finally, the effects of MFG-E8 treatment on ferroptosis and oxidative stress in the livers of septic mice were determined. The expression of serum MFG-E8 in healthy subjects was notably higher than that in septic patients. In addition, when nonsurvivors and survivors of sepsis were compared, MFG-E8 levels were considerably lower in the former. The ROC curve for MFG-E8 was also generated. The area under the curve for MFG-E8 was 0.768 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.627-0.909, p = 0.003). The patients were separated into two groups based on the MFG-E8 cut-off value of 3.86 ng/mL. According to the Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis, patients with low MFG-E8 levels had a significantly decreased 28-day survival rate compared with patients with high MFG-E8 levels. High MFG-E8 levels were substantially related to a decreased risk of death, as demonstrated by the Cox proportional hazard model that we utilized. In addition, compared with sham mice, septic mice exhibited liver and kidney damage, and MFG-E8 may have protective effects. The survival study indicated that MFG-E8 could effectively improve the survival rate of septic mice. Treatment with MFG-E8 suppresses oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the livers of septic mice. Serum MFG-E8 levels are lower in septic patients and are negatively related to disease severity. Treatment with MFG-E8 suppresses oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the livers of septic mice, contributing to significantly improved survival in septic mice. These findings showed that MFG-E8 could be a new sepsis predictive biomarker. MFG-E8 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Airborne Military Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaojia Lao
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
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Gordon RA, Giannouli C, Raparia C, Bastacky SI, Marinov A, Hawse W, Cattley R, Tilstra JS, Campbell AM, Nickerson KM, Davidson A, Shlomchik MJ. Rubicon promotes rather than restricts murine lupus and is not required for LC3-associated phagocytosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155537. [PMID: 35192551 PMCID: PMC9057630 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase deficiency exacerbates lupus in murine models and patients, but the mechanisms remain unknown. It is hypothesized that NADPH oxidase suppresses autoimmunity by facilitating dead cell clearance via LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). The absence of LAP reportedly causes an autoinflammatory syndrome in aged, nonautoimmune mice. Prior work implicated cytochrome b-245, β polypeptide (CYBB), a component of the NADPH oxidase complex, and the RUN and cysteine-rich domain-containing Beclin 1-interacting protein (RUBICON) as requisite for LAP. To test the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase deficiency exacerbates lupus via a defect in LAP, we deleted Rubicon in the B6.Sle1.Yaa and MRL.Faslpr lupus mouse models. Under this hypothesis, RUBICON deficiency should phenocopy NADPH oxidase deficiency, as both work in the same pathway. However, we observed the opposite - RUBICON deficiency resulted in reduced mortality, renal disease, and autoantibody titers to RNA-associated autoantigens. Given that our data contradict the published role for LAP in autoimmunity, we assessed whether CYBB and RUBICON are requisite for LAP. We found that LAP is not dependent on either of these 2 pathways. To our knowledge, our data reveal RUBICON as a novel regulator of SLE, possibly by a B cell-intrinsic mechanism, but do not support a role for LAP in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Gordon
- Department of Immunology and,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Giannouli
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Chirag Raparia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Sheldon I. Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy S. Tilstra
- Department of Immunology and,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison M. Campbell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Anne Davidson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
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5
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Kremserová S, Kocurková A, Chorvátová M, Klinke A, Kubala L. Myeloperoxidase Deficiency Alters the Process of the Regulated Cell Death of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2022; 13:707085. [PMID: 35211113 PMCID: PMC8860816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.707085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a key role in host defense. However, their massive accumulation at the site of inflammation can delay regenerative healing processes and can initiate pathological inflammatory processes. Thus, the efficient clearance of PMNs mediated by the induction of regulated cell death is a key process preventing the development of these pathological conditions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a highly abundant enzyme in PMN granules, primarily connected with PMN defense machinery, is suggested to play a role in PMN-regulated cell death. However, the contribution of MPO to the mechanisms of PMN cell death remains incompletely characterized. Herein, the process of the cell death of mouse PMNs induced by three different stimuli – phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), opsonized streptococcus (OST), and N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) – was investigated. MPO-deficient PMNs revealed a significantly decreased rate of cell death characterized by phosphatidylserine surface exposure and cell membrane permeabilization. An inhibitor of MPO activity, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, did not exhibit a significant effect on PMA-induced cell death compared to MPO deficiency. Interestingly, only the limited activation of markers related to apoptotic cell death was observed (e.g. caspase 8 activation, Bax expression) and they mostly did not correspond to phosphatidylserine surface exposure. Furthermore, a marker characterizing autophagy, cleavage of LC3 protein, as well as histone H3 citrullination and its surface expression was observed. Collectively, the data show the ability of MPO to modulate the life span of PMNs primarily through the potentiation of cell membrane permeabilization and phosphatidylserine surface exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Kremserová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Kocurková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michaela Chorvátová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Klinke
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Agnes Wittenborg Institute of Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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6
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Li R, Tang X, Xu C, Guo Y, Qi L, Li S, Ren Q, Jie W, Chen D. Circular RNA NF1-419 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Astroglioma Cells. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2022; 17:162-177. [PMID: 34376137 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210729125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astroglioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Currently, there is no effective treatment for astroglioma. In the present study, the extract (L3) from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) was found to inhibit the growth of astroglioma U87 cells and change the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs). One of these, including the circular NF1-419 (circNF1-419), was of interest because NF1 gene is a classic tumor suppressor gene. OBJECTIVES The functional role of circ-NF1-419 in the inhibition of astroglioma cells remains unknown. This study focuses on the role of circNF1-419 in functional abnormalities of U87 astroglioma cells and aims to elaborate on its regulatory mechanism. METHODS The circNF1-419 overexpressing U87 (U87-NF1-419) cells were constructed. We generated U87-NF1-419 to evaluate the role of circNF1-419 on cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, tumor growth and metabolic regulation. Finally, we used docking screening to identify compounds in G. lucidum extracts that target circ-419. RESULTS U87-NF1-419 can promote cell apoptosis and regulate lipid metabolism through glycerophospholipid metabolism and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Further examinations revealed that the expression of metabolic regulators, such as L-type voltage-operated calcium channels (L-VOCC), phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ3), Mucin1, cationic amino acid transporter 4 (CAT4), cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) and a kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) was inhibited, while phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) was enhanced in U87-NF1-419 cells. In vivo experiments showed that circNF1-419 inhibits tumor growth in BALB/C nude mice, and enhanced AKAP4 and PTDSS1 in tumor tissues. The virtual docking screening results supported that ganosporeric acid A, ganodermatriol, ganoderic acid B and α-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine in L3 could activate circNF1-419 in astroglioma treatment. CONCLUSION This study indicated that circNF1-419 could be a therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of astroglioma. L3 from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) could inhibit astroglioma growth by activating circNF1-419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, No. 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
- Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 269 Fengqiaohu Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocui Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Changqiong Xu
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, No. 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yinrui Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Longkai Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, No. 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyun Ren
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wu Jie
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
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7
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Sharma J, Pandey A, Sharma S, Dixit A. Securinine Induces Differentiation of Human Promyelocytic Leukemic HL-60 Cells through JNK-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1122-1137. [PMID: 33998358 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1925710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to the accumulation of immature myeloid cells. Differentiation therapy has been a successful treatment option for acute promyelocytic leukemia but suffers from adverse effects. Therefore, search for novel differentiation-inducing agents with minimal side effects is desirable. Securinine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid, induces differentiation in various leukemic cells and apoptosis in other types of cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain elusive. Our study aimed to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism(s) and signaling events involved in securinine-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Securinine inhibited proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and triggered differentiation. A higher CD14+ population indicated maturation toward monocytic lineage. Securinine caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and enhanced ROS generation. Quantitative gene expression analysis showed significant down-regulation of C/EBP-α, C/EBP-ε, GAΤΑ, and c-myc and up-regulation of the PU.1 gene. The expression of distinct protein kinases Lyn, Chk-2, Yes, FAK, c-Jun, and JNK were enhanced. Use of specific inhibitors of crucial intracellular signaling proteins indicated that JNK and ERK blockade resulted in a significant decline in differentiation. These data thus confirm that securinine induces differentiation through the activation of the JNK-ERK signaling pathway in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetesh Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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8
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Lin W, Shen P, Song Y, Huang Y, Tu S. Reactive Oxygen Species in Autoimmune Cells: Function, Differentiation, and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635021. [PMID: 33717180 PMCID: PMC7946999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly contribute to biomacromolecule damage and influence various inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species act as mediator between innate and adaptive immune cells, thereby influencing the antigen-presenting process that results in T cell activation. Evidence from patients with chronic granulomatous disease and mouse models support the function of ROS in preventing abnormal autoimmunity; for example, by supporting maintenance of macrophage efferocytosis and T helper 1/T helper 2 and T helper 17/ regulatory T cell balance. The failure of many anti-oxidation treatments indicates that ROS cannot be considered entirely harmful. Indeed, enhancement of ROS may sometimes be required. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), absence of NOX2-derived ROS led to higher prevalence and more severe symptoms. In patients with RA, naïve CD4+ T cells exhibit inhibited glycolysis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, leading to ROS exhaustion. In this "reductive" state, CD4+ T cell immune homeostasis is disrupted, triggering joint destruction, together with oxidative stress in the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Dang PMC, Rolas L, El-Benna J. The Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species-Generating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Therapeutic Perspectives. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:354-373. [PMID: 31968991 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their intrinsic cytotoxic properties, mounting evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) physiologically produced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) of epithelial cells (NOX1, dual oxidase [DUOX]2) and phagocytes (NOX2) are critical for innate immune response and homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. However, dysregulated ROS production could be a driving factor in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent Advances: In addition to NOX2, recent studies have demonstrated that NOX1- and DUOX2-derived ROS can regulate intestinal innate immune defense and homeostasis by impacting many processes, including bacterial virulence, expression of bacteriostatic proteins, epithelial renewal and restitution, and microbiota composition. Moreover, the antibacterial role of DUOX2 is a function conserved in evolution as it has been described in invertebrates, and lower and higher vertebrates. In humans, variants of the NOX2, NOX1, and DUOX2 genes, which are associated with impaired ROS production, have been identified in very early onset IBD, but overexpression of NOX/DUOX, especially DUOX2, has also been described in IBD, suggesting that loss-of-function or excessive activity of the ROS-generating enzymes could contribute to disease progression. Critical Issues: Therapeutic perspectives aiming at targeting NOX/DUOX in IBD should take into account the two sides of NOX/DUOX-derived ROS in intestinal inflammation. Hence, NOX/DUOX inhibitors or ROS inducers should be considered as a function of the disease context. Future Directions: A thorough understanding of the physiological and pathological regulation of NOX/DUOX in the gastrointestinal tract is an absolute pre-requisite for the development of therapeutic strategies that can modulate ROS levels in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Rolas
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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10
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Li Y, Li M, Weigel B, Mall M, Werth VP, Liu ML. Nuclear envelope rupture and NET formation is driven by PKCα-mediated lamin B disassembly. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48779. [PMID: 32537912 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is essential for the structural integration of the nuclear envelope. Nuclear envelope rupture and chromatin externalization is a hallmark of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NET release was described as a cellular lysis process; however, this notion has been questioned recently. Here, we report that during NET formation, nuclear lamin B is not fragmented by destructive proteolysis, but rather disassembled into intact full-length molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear translocation of PKCα, which serves as the kinase to induce lamin B phosphorylation and disassembly, results in nuclear envelope rupture. Decreasing lamin B phosphorylation by PKCα inhibition, genetic deletion, or by mutating the PKCα consensus sites on lamin B attenuates extracellular trap formation. In addition, strengthening the nuclear envelope by lamin B overexpression attenuates NET release in vivo and reduces levels of NET-associated inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated skin of lamin B transgenic mice. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of NET formation by showing that PKCα-mediated lamin B phosphorylation drives nuclear envelope rupture for chromatin release in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minghui Li
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bettina Weigel
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Mall
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Glassman FY, Dingman R, Yau HC, Balu-Iyer SV. Biological Function and Immunotherapy Utilizing Phosphatidylserine-based Nanoparticles. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:858-874. [PMID: 32204629 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1738456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a naturally occurring anionic phospholipid that is primarily located in the inner leaflet of eukaryotic cell membranes. The role of PS during apoptosis is one of the most studied biological functions of PS. Externalization of PS during apoptosis mediates an "eat me" signal for phagocytic uptake, leading to clearance of apoptotic cells and thus maintain self-tolerance by immunological ignorance. However, an emerging view is that PS exposure-mediated cellular uptake is not an immunologically silent event, but rather promoting an active tolerance towards self and foreign proteins. This biological property of PS has been exploited by parasites and viruses in order to evade immune surveillance of the host immune system. Further, this novel immune regulatory property of PS that results in tolerance induction can be harnessed for clinical applications, such as to treat autoimmune conditions and to reduce immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. This review attempts to provide an overview of the biological functions of PS in the immune response and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Y Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, USA.,Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Currently at CSL Behring , King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Dingman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Helena C Yau
- Department of Film and Media Studies, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, USA
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12
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Colombo S, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Mass spectrometry strategies to unveil modified aminophospholipids of biological interest. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:323-355. [PMID: 30597614 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological functions of modified aminophospholipids (APL) have become a topic of interest during the last two decades, and distinct roles have been found for these biomolecules in both physiological and pathological contexts. Modifications of APL include oxidation, glycation, and adduction to electrophilic aldehydes, altogether contributing to a high structural variability of modified APL. An outstanding technique used in this challenging field is mass spectrometry (MS). MS has been widely used to unveil modified APL of biological interest, mainly when associated with soft ionization methods (electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization) and coupled with separation techniques as liquid chromatography. This review summarizes the biological roles and the chemical mechanisms underlying APL modifications, and comprehensively reviews the current MS-based knowledge that has been gathered until now for their analysis. The interpretation of the MS data obtained by in vitro-identification studies is explained in detail. The perspective of an analytical detection of modified APL in clinical samples is explored, highlighting the fundamental role of MS in unveiling APL modifications and their relevance in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Colombo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Anthonymuthu T, Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, Nesterova AM, Baynard ML, Sun W, He R, Khaitovich P, Vladimirov YA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayır H, Kagan VE. "Redox lipidomics technology: Looking for a needle in a haystack". Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:93-107. [PMID: 30928338 PMCID: PMC6714565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic life is based on numerous metabolic oxidation reactions as well as biosynthesis of oxygenated signaling compounds. Among the latter are the myriads of oxygenated lipids including a well-studied group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids. During the last two decades, remarkable progress in liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry has led to significant progress in the characterization of oxygenated PUFA-containing phospholipids, thus designating the emergence of a new field of lipidomics, redox lipidomics. Although non-enzymatic free radical reactions of lipid peroxidation have been mostly associated with the aberrant metabolism typical of acute injury or chronic degenerative processes, newly accumulated evidence suggests that enzymatically catalyzed (phospho)lipid oxygenation reactions are essential mechanisms of many physiological pathways. In this review, we discuss a variety of contemporary protocols applicable for identification and quantitative characterization of different classes of peroxidized (phospho)lipids. We describe applications of different types of LCMS for analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids, particularly cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolalmines, in two important types of programmed cell death - apoptosis and ferroptosis. We discuss the role of peroxidized phosphatidylserines in phagocytotic signaling. We exemplify the participation of peroxidized neutral lipids, particularly tri-acylglycerides, in immuno-suppressive signaling in cancer. We also consider new approaches to exploring the spatial distribution of phospholipids in the context of their oxidizability by MS imaging, including the latest achievements in high resolution imaging techniques. We present innovative approaches to the interpretation of LC-MS data, including audio-representation analysis. Overall, we emphasize the role of redox lipidomics as a communication language, unprecedented in diversity and richness, through the analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasiia M Nesterova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew L Baynard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanyang Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RongRong He
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuri A Vladimirov
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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de Souza LF, Pearson AG, Pace PE, Dafre AL, Hampton MB, Meotti FC, Winterbourn CC. Peroxiredoxin expression and redox status in neutrophils and HL-60 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:227-234. [PMID: 30862546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are thiol peroxidases with a key role in antioxidant defense and redox signaling. They could be important in neutrophils for handling the large amount of oxidants that these cells produce. We investigated the redox state of Prx1 and Prx2 in HL-60 promyelocytic cells differentiated to neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) and in human neutrophils. HL-60 cell differentiation with dimethyl sulfoxide caused a large decrease in expression of both Prxs, and all-trans retinoic acid also decreased Prx1 expression. Prx1 was mostly reduced in dHL-60 cells. NADPH oxidase activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus induced rapid oxidation to disulfide-linked dimers, and eventually hyperoxidation. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium, prevented Prx1 dimerization in stimulated dHL-60 cells, and decreased the extent of oxidation under resting conditions. In contrast, Prx1 and Prx2 were present in neutrophils from human blood as disulfides, and PMA or S. aureus caused no further oxidation. They remained oxidized on incubation with diphenyleneiodonium in media. Although this suggests that Prx redox cycling could be deficient in neutrophils, thioredoxin expression and thioredoxin reductase activity were similar in neutrophils and dHL-60 cells. Additionally, neutrophil thioredoxin was initially reduced and underwent oxidation after PMA activation. Thus, although the Prxs respond to oxidant generation in dHL-60 cells, in neutrophils they appear "locked" as disulfides. On this basis we propose that neutrophil Prxs are inefficient antioxidants and contribute little to peroxide removal during the oxidative burst, and speculate that they might be involved in other cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andree G Pearson
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8040, New Zealand
| | - Paul E Pace
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8040, New Zealand
| | - Alcir L Dafre
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de ciências biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8040, New Zealand
| | - Flávia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8040, New Zealand.
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15
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Zeng MY, Miralda I, Armstrong CL, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J. The roles of NADPH oxidase in modulating neutrophil effector responses. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:27-38. [PMID: 30632295 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are phagocytic innate immune cells essential for killing bacteria via activation of a wide variety of effector responses and generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Majority of the ROS in neutrophils is generated by activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Independent of their anti-microbial function, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS have emerged as key regulators of host immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation. Data from patients with inherited defects in the NADPH oxidase subunit alleles that ablate its enzyme function as well as mouse models demonstrate profound dysregulation of host inflammatory responses, neutrophil hyper-activation and tissue damage in response to microbial ligands or tissue trauma. A large body of literature now demonstrates how oxidants function as essential signaling molecules that are essential for the regulation of neutrophil responses during priming, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and apoptosis, independent of their role in microbial killing. In this review we summarize how NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants modulate neutrophil function in a cell intrinsic manner and regulate host inflammatory responses. In addition, we summarize studies that have elucidated possible roles of oxidants in neutrophilic responses within the oral mucosa and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cortney L Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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16
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Modulation of the inflammatory response of immune cells in human peripheral blood by oxidized arachidonoyl aminophospholipids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:64-71. [PMID: 30315768 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminophospholipids (APL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), can be oxidized upon oxidative stress. Oxidized PE and PS have been detected in clinical samples of different pathologies and may act as modulators of the inflammatory response. However, few studies have focused on the effects of oxidized APL (ox-APL) esterified with arachidonic acid, even though a considerable number of studies have assessed the modulation of the immune system by oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-3-glycerophosphocholine (OxPAPC). In the present study, we have used flow cytometry to evaluate the ability of oxidized PAPE (OxPAPE) and PAPS (OxPAPS) to promote or suppress an inflammatory phenotype on monocytes subsets and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). The results indicate that OxPAPE increases the frequency of all monocyte subpopulations expressing TNF-α, which promotes an inflammatory response. However, immune cell stimulation with OxPAPE in the presence of LPS results in a decrease of TNF-α expressed by classical monocytes. Incubation with OxPAPS and LPS induces a decrease in TNF-α produced by monocytes, and a significant decrease in IL-1β expressed by monocytes and mDCs, indicating that OxPAPS reduces the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory expression in these populations. These results show the importance of OxPAPE and OxPAPS as modulators of the inflammatory response and demonstrate their possible contribution to the onset and resolution of human diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation.
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17
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Khandagale A, Lazzaretto B, Carlsson G, Sundin M, Shafeeq S, Römling U, Fadeel B. JAGN1 is required for fungal killing in neutrophil extracellular traps: Implications for severe congenital neutropenia. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1199-1213. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0118-030rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khandagale
- Division of Molecular ToxicologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Beatrice Lazzaretto
- Division of Molecular ToxicologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Göran Carlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular ToxicologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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18
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Involvement of superoxide generated by NADPH oxidase in the shedding of procoagulant vesicles from human monocytic cells exposed to bupivacaine. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 44:341-354. [PMID: 28819812 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-017-1531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is known that a variety of sized procoagulant vesicles that express tissue factor are released from several types of cells including monocytes by mechanisms related to the induction of apoptosis, while it has not yet been evaluated whether superoxide is involved in the production of such vesicles. Here, we report that a local anesthetic bupivacaine induces apoptosis in human monocytic cells THP-1 within a short observation period, where the shedding of procoagulant vesicles is associated. The property as procoagulant vesicles was evaluated using flow cytometry by the binding of FITC-conjugated fibrinogen to vesicles in the presence of fresh frozen plasma and the suppression of this binding by heparin. Bupivacaine (1 mg/ml) increased the apoptotic cells and procoagulant vesicles. LY294002 (100 µM), that inhibits the recruiting of intracellular component of NADPH oxidase to construct the activated form of this enzyme complex, or superoxide dismutase (1500 unit/ml) suppressed bupivacaine-provoked induction of apoptosis and the increase of procoagulant vesicles. We suggest that this simple experimental system is useful to explore the molecular mechanisms of action of superoxide in the shedding of procoagulant vesicles from human monocytic cells.
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19
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Serbulea V, DeWeese D, Leitinger N. The effect of oxidized phospholipids on phenotypic polarization and function of macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:156-168. [PMID: 28232205 PMCID: PMC5511074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids are products of lipid oxidation that are found on oxidized low-density lipoproteins and apoptotic cell membranes. These biologically active lipids were shown to affect a variety of cell types and attributed pro-as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In particular, macrophages exposed to oxidized phospholipids drastically change their gene expression pattern and function. These 'Mox,'macrophages were identified in atherosclerotic lesions, however, it remains unclear how lipid oxidation products are sensed by macrophages and how they influence their biological function. Here, we review recent developments in the field that provide insight into the structure, recognition, and downstream signaling of oxidized phospholipids in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Dory DeWeese
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, USA
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20
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Ectopic Expression of Innate Immune Protein, Lipocalin-2, in Lactococcus lactis Protects Against Gut and Environmental Stressors. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1120-1132. [PMID: 28445245 PMCID: PMC5469687 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein that exhibits antimicrobial activity by the sequestration of bacterial siderophores, regulates iron homeostasis, and augments cellular tolerance to oxidative stress. Studies in the murine model of colitis have demonstrated that Lcn2 deficiency exacerbates colitogenesis; however, the therapeutic potential of Lcn2 supplementation has yet to be elucidated. In light of its potential mucoprotective functions, we, herein, investigated whether expression of Lcn2 in the probiotic bacterium can be exploited to alleviate experimental colitis. METHODS Murine Lcn2 was cloned into the pT1NX plasmid and transformed into Lactococcus lactis to generate L. lactis-expressing Lcn2 (Lactis-Lcn2) or the empty plasmid (Lactis-Con). Lactis-Lcn2 was characterized by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tested for its antimicrobial efficacy on Escherichia coli. The capacity of Lactis-Lcn2 and Lactis-Con to withstand adverse conditions was tested using in vitro viability assays. Dextran sodium sulfate colitis model was used to investigate the colonization ability and therapeutic potential of Lactis-Lcn2 and Lactis-Con. RESULTS Lcn2 derived from Lactis-Lcn2 inhibited the growth of E. coli and reduced the bioactivity of enterobactin (E. coli-derived siderophore) in vitro. Lactis-Lcn2 displayed enhanced tolerance to adverse pH, high concentration of bile acids, and oxidative stress in vitro and survived better in the inflamed gut than Lactis-Con. Consistent with these features, Lactis-Lcn2 displayed better mucoprotection against intestinal inflammation than Lactis-Con when administered into mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Lcn2 expression can be exploited to enhance the survivability of probiotic bacteria during inflammation, which could further improve its efficacy to treat experimental colitis.
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21
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Frostegård J, Su J, Sing S, Hua X, Vikström M, Leander K, Gigante B, de Faire U, Frostegård AG. IgM antibodies to oxidized phosphatidylserine as protection markers in cardiovascular disease among 60-year olds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171195. [PMID: 28430795 PMCID: PMC5400230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Phosphatidylserine is exposed on apoptotic cells and is prone to oxidation (OxPS). Here we analyze the association of IgM antibodies against OxPS (anti-OxPS) with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Among sixty-year olds from Stockholm County in Sweden, previously screened for cardiovascular risk factors (2039 men, 2193 women), there were 210 incident CVD-cases identified during a 5-year follow-up. Using a nested case-control design, 622 age- and sex-matched controls were selected. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% intervals (CI) were calculated by conditional logistic regression. IgM anti-OxPS was measured by ELISA. Phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat-cells by macrophages was studied by flow cytometry. Results Anti-OxPS levels were lower among cases (median (interquartile range): 80.7 (60.9–101.0 vs. 84.6 (65.8–109.6); p = 0.047); among men (76.6 (55.8–99.2) vs. 82.0 (63.1–105.1); p = 0.022) and among women 89.6 (72.3–110.1) vs. 89.8 (69.9–114.4); p = 0.79). After adjustment for smoking, BMI, diabetes mellitus type II, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension, and dividing into quartiles, using the highest quartile (quartile 4) as reference, quartile 3 was associated with a OR of 1.74 (CI 1.08–2.81). Quartiles 2 and 1 had similar associations, the later reaching statistical significance. Among men associations were stronger whereas no significant associations were observed in women. The OR of MI/angina comparing quartile 3 with quartile 4 was 2.31 (CI 1.30–4.11). The OR for quartile 2 and 1, respectively, were similar as for quartile 3. Total IgM increased uptake of apoptotic cells, which was reversed if incubated with OxPS. Conclusions IgM anti-OxPS is a novel potential protection marker for CVD, in particular in men. Increased phagocytosis of dying/dead cells could be one potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Frostegård
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Su
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudhir Sing
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiang Hua
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Vikström
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna G. Frostegård
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Saha P, Yeoh BS, Olvera RA, Xiao X, Singh V, Awasthi D, Subramanian BC, Chen Q, Dikshit M, Wang Y, Parent CA, Vijay-Kumar M. Bacterial Siderophores Hijack Neutrophil Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4293-4303. [PMID: 28432145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary immune cells that respond to inflammation and combat microbial transgression. To thrive, the bacteria residing in their mammalian host have to withstand the antibactericidal responses of neutrophils. We report that enterobactin (Ent), a catecholate siderophore expressed by Escherichia coli, inhibited PMA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in mouse and human neutrophils. Ent also impaired the degranulation of primary granules and inhibited phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils, without affecting their migration and chemotaxis. Molecular analysis revealed that Ent can chelate intracellular labile iron that is required for neutrophil oxidative responses. Other siderophores (pyoverdine, ferrichrome, deferoxamine) likewise inhibited ROS and NETs in neutrophils, thus indicating that the chelation of iron may largely explain their inhibitory effects. To counter iron theft by Ent, neutrophils rely on the siderophore-binding protein lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) in a "tug-of-war" for iron. The inhibition of neutrophil ROS and NETs by Ent was augmented in Lcn2-deficient neutrophils compared with wild-type neutrophils but was rescued by the exogenous addition of recombinant Lcn2. Taken together, our findings illustrate the novel concept that microbial siderophore's iron-scavenging property may serve as an antiradical defense system that neutralizes the immune functions of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rodrigo A Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yanming Wang
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; .,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033
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The Dual Role of Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5120118. [PMID: 27999328 PMCID: PMC5184791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterised by aberrant immunological responses leading to chronic inflammation without tissue regeneration. These two diseases are considered distinct entities, and there is some evidence that neutrophil behaviour, above all other aspects of immunity, clearly separate them. Neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to the site of inflammation, and their action is crucial to limit invasion by microorganisms. Furthermore, they play an essential role in proper resolution of inflammation. When these processes are not tightly regulated, they can trigger positive feedback amplification loops that promote neutrophil activation, leading to significant tissue damage and evolution toward chronic disease. Defective chemotaxis, as observed in Crohn’s disease, can also contribute to the disease through impaired microbe elimination. In addition, through NET production, neutrophils may be involved in thrombo-embolic events frequently observed in IBD patients. While the role of neutrophils has been studied in different animal models of IBD for many years, their contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood, and no molecules targeting neutrophils are used and validated for the treatment of these pathologies. Therefore, it is crucial to improve our understanding of their mode of action in these particular conditions in order to provide new therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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Branitzki-Heinemann K, Möllerherm H, Völlger L, Husein DM, de Buhr N, Blodkamp S, Reuner F, Brogden G, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps under Low Oxygen Level. Front Immunol 2016; 7:518. [PMID: 27933059 PMCID: PMC5122589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been characterized as a fundamental host innate immune defense mechanism. Conversely, excessive NET-release may have a variety of detrimental consequences for the host. A fine balance between NET formation and elimination is necessary to sustain a protective effect during an infectious challenge. Our own recently published data revealed that stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) by the iron chelating HIF-1α-agonist desferoxamine or AKB-4924 enhanced the release of phagocyte extracellular traps. Since HIF-1α is a global regulator of the cellular response to low oxygen, we hypothesized that NET formation may be similarly increased under low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia occurs in tissues during infection or inflammation, mostly due to overconsumption of oxygen by pathogens and recruited immune cells. Therefore, experiments were performed to characterize the formation of NETs under hypoxic oxygen conditions compared to normoxia. Human blood-derived neutrophils were isolated and incubated under normoxic (21%) oxygen level and compared to hypoxic (1%) conditions. Dissolved oxygen levels were monitored in the primary cell culture using a Fibox4-PSt3 measurement system. The formation of NETs was quantified by fluorescence microscopy in response to the known NET-inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or Staphylococcus (S.) aureus wild-type and a nuclease-deficient mutant. In contrast to our hypothesis, spontaneous NET formation of neutrophils incubated under hypoxia was distinctly reduced compared to control neutrophils incubated under normoxia. Furthermore, neutrophils incubated under hypoxia showed significantly reduced formation of NETs in response to PMA. Gene expression analysis revealed that mRNA level of hif-1α as well as hif-1α target genes was not altered. However, in good correlation to the decreased NET formation under hypoxia, the cholesterol content of the neutrophils was significantly increased under hypoxia. Interestingly, NET formation in response to viable S. aureus wild-type or nuclease-deficient strain was retained under hypoxia. Our results lead to the conclusion that hypoxia is not the ideal tool to analyze HIF-1α in neutrophils. However, the data clearly suggest that neutrophils react differently under hypoxia compared to normoxia and thereby highlight the importance of the usage of physiological relevant oxygen level when studying neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Helene Möllerherm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Lena Völlger
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Diab M Husein
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Blodkamp
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Friederike Reuner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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McGaha TL, Karlsson MCI. Apoptotic cell responses in the splenic marginal zone: a paradigm for immunologic reactions to apoptotic antigens with implications for autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:26-43. [PMID: 26683143 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells drive innate regulatory responses that result in tolerogenic immunity. This is a critical aspect of cell physiology as apoptotic cells expose potentially dangerous nuclear antigens on the surface in apoptotic blebs, and failure in their recognition, phagocytosis, or destruction can cause dramatic autoimmunity in experimental models and is linked to development and progression of systemic pathology in human. The marginal zone is a specialized splenic environment that serves as a transitional site from circulation to peripheral lymphoid structures. The marginal zone serves a key role in trapping of particulates and initiation of innate responses against systemic microbial pathogens. However in recent years, it has become clear the marginal zone is also important for initiation of immune tolerance to apoptotic cells, driving a coordinated response involving multiple phagocyte and lymphocyte subsets. Recent reports linking defects in splenic macrophage function to systemic lupus erythematosus in a manner analogous to marginal zone macrophages in lupus-prone mice provide an impetus to better understand the mechanistic basis of the apoptotic cell response in the marginal zone and its general applicability to apoptotic cell-driven tolerance at other tissue sites. In this review, we discuss immune responses to apoptotic cells in the spleen in general and the marginal zone in particular, the relationship of these responses to autoimmune disease, and comparisons to apoptotic cell immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wesche-Soldato DE, Lomas-Neira JL, Perl M, Jones L, Chung CS, Ayala A. The role and regulation of apoptosis in sepsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519050110060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Today, sepsis continues to be a growing problem in the critically ill patient population. A number of laboratories have been interested in understanding how changes in immune cell apoptosis during sepsis appear to contribute to septic morbidity. Consistently, it has been found that immune cell apoptosis is altered in a variety of tissue sites and cell populations both in experimental animals and humans. While divergent mediators, such as steroids and TNF, contribute to some of these apoptotic changes, their effects are tissue and cell population selective. Inhibition of FasL—Fas signaling (by either FasL gene deficiency, in vivo gene silencing [siRNA] or with FasL binding protein) protects septic mice from the onset of marked apoptosis and the morbidity/mortality seen in sepsis. Further, this extrinsic apoptosis response appears to utilize aspects of the Bid-induced mitochondrial pathway. This is in keeping with the findings that pan-specific caspase inhibition or the overexpression of Bcl-2 also protect these animals from the sequellae of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen E. Wesche-Soldato
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, RI Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joanne L. Lomas-Neira
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, RI Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mario Perl
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, RI Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Leslie Jones
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, RI Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, RI Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, RI Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,
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Rocha SM, Saraiva T, Cristóvão AC, Ferreira R, Santos T, Esteves M, Saraiva C, Je G, Cortes L, Valero J, Alves G, Klibanov A, Kim YS, Bernardino L. Histamine induces microglia activation and dopaminergic neuronal toxicity via H1 receptor activation. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:137. [PMID: 27260166 PMCID: PMC4893260 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histamine is an amine widely known as a peripheral inflammatory mediator and as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Recently, it has been suggested that histamine acts as an innate modulator of microglial activity. Herein, we aimed to disclose the role of histamine in microglial phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to explore the consequences of histamine-induced neuroinflammation in dopaminergic (DA) neuronal survival. Methods The effect of histamine on phagocytosis was assessed both in vitro by using a murine N9 microglial cell line and primary microglial cell cultures and in vivo. Cells were exposed to IgG-opsonized latex beads or phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes to evaluate Fcγ or PS receptor-mediated microglial phagocytosis, respectively. ROS production and protein levels of NADPH oxidases and Rac1 were assessed as a measure of oxidative stress. DA neuronal survival was evaluated in vivo by counting the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice. Results We found that histamine triggers microglial phagocytosis via histamine receptor 1 (H1R) activation and ROS production via H1R and H4R activation. By using apocynin, a broad NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, and Nox1 knockout mice, we found that the Nox1 signaling pathway is involved in both phagocytosis and ROS production induced by histamine in vitro. Interestingly, both apocynin and annexin V (used as inhibitor of PS-induced phagocytosis) fully abolished the DA neurotoxicity induced by the injection of histamine in the SN of adult mice in vivo. Blockade of H1R protected against histamine-induced Nox1 expression and death of DA neurons in vivo. Conclusions Overall, our results highlight the relevance of histamine in the modulation of microglial activity that ultimately may interfere with neuronal survival in the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and, eventually, other neurodegenerative diseases which are accompanied by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Importantly, our results also open promising new perspectives for the therapeutic use of H1R antagonists to treat or ameliorate neurodegenerative processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0600-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Rocha
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Saraiva
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Cristóvão
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marta Esteves
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Saraiva
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Goun Je
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Luísa Cortes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alexander Klibanov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yoon-Seong Kim
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. .,Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Almzaiel AJ, Billington R, Smerdon G, Moody AJ. Hyperbaric oxygen enhances neutrophil apoptosis and their clearance by monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:405-16. [PMID: 26194051 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil apoptosis and clearance by macrophages are essential for wound healing. Evidence suggests that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure may enhance neutrophil apoptosis, but HBO effects leading to neutrophil clearance by macrophages are still unclear. In the current study, bovine neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMΦ) were co-cultured under HBO (97.9% O2, 2.1% CO2 at 2.4 atm absolute (ATA)) (1 atm = 101.325 kPa), hyperbaric normoxia (8.8% O2 at 2.4 ATA), normobaric hyperoxia (95% O2, 5% CO2), normoxia (air), and normobaric hypoxia (5% O2, 5% CO2). Phagocytosis of fresh and 22 h aged neutrophils by MDMΦ was increased after HBO pre-treatment, assessed using flow cytometry and light microscopy. Enhanced clearance of neutrophils was accompanied by an increase in H2O2 levels following HBO pre-treatment with upregulation of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated MDMΦ that had ingested aged neutrophils. TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokine) gene expression did not change in LPS-stimulated MDMΦ that had ingested fresh or aged neutrophils after HBO, pressure, and hyperoxia. These findings suggest that HBO-activated MDMΦ participate in the clearance of apoptotic cells. Uptake of neutrophils by MDMΦ exposed to HBO may contribute to resolution of inflammation, because HBO induced up-regulation of IL-10 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar J Almzaiel
- a Centre for Research in Translational Biomedicine, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard Billington
- a Centre for Research in Translational Biomedicine, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Gary Smerdon
- b DDRC Healthcare, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - A John Moody
- a Centre for Research in Translational Biomedicine, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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29
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Xia CY, Zhang S, Gao Y, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Selective modulation of microglia polarization to M2 phenotype for stroke treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:377-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Frostegård AG, Su J, Hua X, Vikström M, de Faire U, Frostegård J. Antibodies against native and oxidized cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine and phosphorylcholine in atherosclerosis development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111764. [PMID: 25473948 PMCID: PMC4256296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies against cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine (anti-CL and anti-PS) are associated with thrombosis. In contrast, we determined that IgM antibodies against oxidized CL and PS (OxCL and OxPS) and phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) could be protection markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods 226 individuals with established hypertension (diastolic pressure>95 mmHg) from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis. Antibodies were tested by ELISA. As a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, the mean of the maximum intima-media thicknesses (IMT) in the far walls of common carotids and bifurcations was determined by ultrasonography at the time of inclusion and 4 years following inclusion. Results Increases in IMT measures at follow-up were significantly less common in subjects which at baseline had high IgM anti-OxPS and anti-PC at above 75th percentile: OR 0,45, CI (0,23–0,86) and OR 0.37, CI (0,19–0,71), p = 0.0137 respectively and above 90th percentile: OR 0.32, CI (0,12–0,84) and OR 0.39, CI (0,15–1.00), p = 0.050 and OR 0,22, CI (0,08–0,59) p = 0,0029. IgM anti-OxCL was negatively associated with IMT increases (OR, 0.32, CI (0,12–0,84), p = 0231). There were no associations for IgM anti-PS or anti-CL. Anti-PC, as determined herein by a commercial ELISA, was strongly associated with data from our previously published in house ELISA (R = 0,87; p<0,0001).) Anti-PC was also a risk marker at low levels (below 25th percentile; OR = 2,37 (1,16–4,82), p = 0,0177). Conclusions High levels of IgM anti-OxPS and anti-OxCL, but not traditional anti-phospholipid antibodies (anti-PS and anti-CL), are associated with protection against atherosclerosis development. In addition, low IgM anti-PC was a risk marker but high a protection marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Frostegård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiang Hua
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Vikström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bergamo P, Luongo D, Miyamoto J, Cocca E, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Tanabe S, Rossi M. Immunomodulatory activity of a gut microbial metabolite of dietary linoleic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, associated with improved antioxidant/detoxifying defences. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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32
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Synthesis of chlorinated flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activities in human neutrophils. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:153-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kepka M, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Homa J, Chadzinska M. Mechanisms involved in apoptosis of carp leukocytes upon in vitro and in vivo immunostimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:386-395. [PMID: 24925760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation leukocyte activity must be carefully regulated, as high concentrations and/or prolonged action of pro-inflammatory mediators e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be detrimental not only for pathogens but also for host tissues. Programmed cell death - apoptosis is a most effective regulatory mechanism for down regulation of leukocyte activity, but little is known about this process in fish. We aimed to reveal the mechanisms of initiation and regulation of apoptosis in carp neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages. During zymosan-induced peritonitis in carp, activated inflammatory neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages died by apoptosis. This correlated with a strong production of ROS, but pretreatment of the fish with NADPH oxidase inhibitor only slightly decreased late apoptosis. Interestingly in vitro incubation with zymosan or phorbol ester, but not lipopolisaccharide and poli I:C induced apoptosis of head kidney neutrophilic granulocytes. This coincided with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, in zymosan-stimulated neutrophilic granulocytes NADPH oxidase inhibitor not only reduced the production of ROS but also apoptosis. A similar effect was not observed in cells stimulated with phorbol ester, where DPI reduced ROS production, but not apoptosis. In PMA-stimulated neutrophilic granulocytes both the respiratory burst and apoptosis were reduced by protein kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, a short neutrophil stimulation either with PMA or with zymosan did induce caspase-independent apoptosis. These results show that in carp, apoptosis is an important regulatory process during in vitro and in vivo immunostimulation. In neutrophils, protein kinase, but not NADPH oxidase, is involved in PMA-induced apoptosis while apoptosis induced by zymosan is ROS-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kepka
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - B M L Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Homa
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Gandhi R, Yi J, Ha J, Shi H, Ismail O, Nathoo S, Bonventre JV, Zhang X, Gunaratnam L. Accelerated receptor shedding inhibits kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)-mediated efferocytosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F205-21. [PMID: 24829508 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00638.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) prevents inflammation and permits repair following tissue injury. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, an "eat-me" signal exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells that marks them for phagocytic clearance. KIM-1 is upregulated on proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) during ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), enabling efferocytosis by surviving PTECs. KIM-1 is spontaneously cleaved at its ectodomain region to generate a soluble fragment that serves a sensitive and specific biomarker for AKI, but the biological relevance of KIM-1 shedding is unknown. Here, we sought to determine how KIM-1 shedding might regulate efferocytosis. Using cells that endogenously and exogenously express KIM-1, we found that hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative injury or PMA treatment accelerated KIM-1 shedding in a dose-dependent manner. KIM-1 shedding was also accelerated when apoptotic cells were added. Accelerated shedding or the presence of excess soluble KIM-1 in the extracellular milieu significantly inhibited efferocytosis. We also identified that TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE or ADAM17) mediates both the spontaneous and PMA-accelerated shedding of KIM-1. While accelerated shedding inhibited efferocytosis, we found that spontaneous KIM-1 cleavage does not affect the phagocytic efficiency of PTECs. Our results suggest that KIM-1 shedding is accelerated by worsening cellular injury, and excess soluble KIM-1 competitively inhibits efferocytosis. These findings may be important in AKI when there is severe cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushi Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jihyen Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Ola Ismail
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahra Nathoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xizhong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; and
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Tyurin VA, Balasubramanian K, Winnica D, Tyurina YY, Vikulina AS, He RR, Kapralov AA, Macphee CH, Kagan VE. Oxidatively modified phosphatidylserines on the surface of apoptotic cells are essential phagocytic 'eat-me' signals: cleavage and inhibition of phagocytosis by Lp-PLA2. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:825-35. [PMID: 24464221 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversified anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserines (PS), externalized to the surface of apoptotic cells are universal phagocytic signals. However, the role of major PS metabolites, such as peroxidized species of PS (PSox) and lyso-PS, in the clearance of apoptotic cells has not been rigorously evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that H2O2 was equally effective in inducing apoptosis and externalization of PS in naive HL60 cells and in cells enriched with oxidizable polyunsaturated species of PS (supplemented with linoleic acid (LA)). Despite this, the uptake of LA-supplemented cells by RAW264.7 and THP-1 macrophages was more than an order of magnitude more effective than that of naive cells. A similar stimulation of phagocytosis was observed with LA-enriched HL60 cells and Jurkat cells triggered to apoptosis with staurosporine. This was due to the presence of PSox on the surface of apoptotic LA-supplemented cells (but not of naive cells). This enhanced phagocytosis was dependent on activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as no stimulation of phagocytosis occurred in LA-enriched cells challenged with Fas antibody. Incubation of apoptotic cells with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a secreted enzyme with high specificity towards PSox, hydrolyzed peroxidized PS species in LA-supplemented cells resulting in the suppression of phagocytosis to the levels observed for naive cells. This suppression of phagocytosis by Lp-PLA2 was blocked by a selective inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, SB-435495. Screening of possible receptor candidates revealed the ability of several PS receptors and bridging proteins to recognize both PS and PSox, albeit with diverse selectivity. We conclude that PSox is an effective phagocytic 'eat-me' signal that participates in the engulfment of cells undergoing intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Tyurin
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Balasubramanian
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Winnica
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A S Vikulina
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] Department of Biophysics, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R R He
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A A Kapralov
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - V E Kagan
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hough MA, Silkstone G, Worrall JAR, Wilson MT. NO binding to the proapoptotic cytochrome c-cardiolipin complex. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 96:193-209. [PMID: 25189388 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c is a heme protein that is localized in the compartment between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes where it functions to transfer electrons between complex III and complex IV of the respiratory chain. It can also form an intimate association with the mitochondrion-specific phospholipid cardiolipin that induces a conformational change in the protein enabling it to act as a peroxidase catalyzing the oxidation of cardiolipin and thereby instigating a chain of events that leads to apoptosis. Unlike the native protein, cytochrome c within the complex binds ligands rapidly; in particular, NO can coordinate to either the ferric or ferrous iron of the heme. Remarkably, in the ferrous form, NO binds preferentially to the proximal side of the heme and thus behaves in a way similar to cytochrome c'-type proteins and to guanylate cyclase. The implications of NO binding to the proapoptotic cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex are discussed in terms of modulating the apoptotic response and buffering NO concentrations. Insights into the structure of the complex are provided by comparison with cytochrome c' for which X-ray structures are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hough
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Silkstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - J A R Worrall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
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Su J, Frostegård AG, Hua X, Gustafsson T, Jogestrand T, Hafström I, Frostegård J. Low Levels of Antibodies Against Oxidized but not Nonoxidized Cardiolipin and Phosphatidylserine Are Associated with Atherosclerotic Plaques in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:1856-64. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective.We have reported that the prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques and their echolucency was increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We here study antibodies against oxidized cardiolipin (anti-OxCL) and phosphatidylserine (anti-OxPS) in SLE and in relation to atherosclerosis measures.Methods.Patients with SLE (n = 114) were compared with age- and sex-matched population-based controls (n = 122). Common carotid intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence were determined by B-mode ultrasonography. Plaques were graded according to echogenicity as 1–4, with 1 being echolucent. Antibodies were determined by ELISA.Results.In the SLE group, the prevalence of low IgM anti-OxPS and low total IgM levels (below 33rd percentile) was increased compared to controls (p = 0.045 and p = 0.0079, respectively). Among SLE patients with atherosclerotic plaques, the prevalence of low IgM anti-OxPS (p = 0.0019) and anti-OxCL (p = 0.031) was increased. Only IgM anti-OxPS remained significant (p = 0.019) after adjusting for other significant factors. Echolucent plaques (total, or left side) were more prevalent among SLE patients with low IgM anti-OxCL and anti-OxPS when controlled for other significant factors (p < 0.05). Low total IgM was independently associated with echolucent plaque on left side (p < 0.05), but not other atherosclerosis measures. IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (anti-PS) were higher among SLE patients with cardiopulmonary disease, including arterial, valvular, and venous disease (p < 0.05). There were no associations between antibodies and other disease manifestations or activity. Both anti-OxCL and anti-OxPS, in contrast to aCL, and anti-PS, were cofactor−β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI)-independent.Conclusion.The prevalence of low levels of IgM anti-OxCL and anti-OxPS (both cofactor-β2-GPI-independent) is associated with the presence of plaques and echolucent plaques in SLE.
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Biodiesel versus diesel exposure: enhanced pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and differential morphological changes in the mouse lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:373-83. [PMID: 23886933 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of biodiesel (BD) or its blends with petroleum diesel (D) is considered to be a viable approach to reduce occupational and environmental exposures to particulate matter (PM). Due to its lower particulate mass emissions compared to D, use of BD is thought to alleviate adverse health effects. Considering BD fuel is mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids, we hypothesize that BD exhaust particles could induce pronounced adverse outcomes, due to their ability to readily oxidize. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of particles generated by engine fueled with neat BD and neat petroleum-based D. Biomarkers of tissue damage and inflammation were significantly elevated in lungs of mice exposed to BD particulates. Additionally, BD particulates caused a significant accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins and an increase in 4-hydroxynonenal. The up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors was higher in lungs upon BD particulate exposure. Histological evaluation of lung sections indicated presence of lymphocytic infiltrate and impaired clearance with prolonged retention of BD particulate in pigment laden macrophages. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that BD exhaust particles could exert more toxic effects compared to D.
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Sun J, Singh V, Lau A, Stokes RW, Obregón-Henao A, Orme IM, Wong D, Av-Gay Y, Hmama Z. Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleoside diphosphate kinase inactivates small GTPases leading to evasion of innate immunity. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003499. [PMID: 23874203 PMCID: PMC3715411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persistence in the host macrophage and identifying mycobacterial factors responsible for it are keys to better understand tuberculosis pathogenesis. The emerging picture from ongoing studies of macrophage deactivation by Mtb suggests that ingested bacilli secrete various virulence determinants that alter phagosome biogenesis, leading to arrest of Mtb vacuole interaction with late endosomes and lysosomes. While most studies focused on Mtb interference with various regulators of the endosomal compartment, little attention was paid to mechanisms by which Mtb neutralizes early macrophage responses such as the NADPH oxidase (NOX2) dependent oxidative burst. Here we applied an antisense strategy to knock down Mtb nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) and obtained a stable mutant (Mtb Ndk-AS) that displayed attenuated intracellular survival along with reduced persistence in the lungs of infected mice. At the molecular level, pull-down experiments showed that Ndk binds to and inactivates the small GTPase Rac1 in the macrophage. This resulted in the exclusion of the Rac1 binding partner p67phox from phagosomes containing Mtb or Ndk-coated latex beads. Exclusion of p67phox was associated with a defect of both NOX2 assembly and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to wild type Mtb. In contrast, Mtb Ndk-AS, which lost the capacity to disrupt Rac1-p67phox interaction, induced a strong ROS production. Given the established link between NOX2 activation and apoptosis, the proportion of Annexin V positive cells and levels of intracellular active caspase 3 were significantly higher in cells infected with Mtb Ndk-AS compared to wild type Mtb. Thus, knock down of Ndk converted Mtb into a pro-apoptotic mutant strain that has a phenotype of increased susceptibility to intracellular killing and reduced virulence in vivo. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo data revealed that Ndk contributes significantly to Mtb virulence via attenuation of NADPH oxidase-mediated host innate immunity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful intracellular pathogen that infects lung macrophages. Its resistance to intracellular killing has been linked to the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Thus, understanding the mechanism by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persists in the host is a prerequisite for development of efficient strategies to control TB disease. We have previously shown that Mtb nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) contributes to phagosome maturation arrest via inactivation of Rab5 and Rab7. In this study, we show that Ndk also targets and inactivates the small GTPase Rac1, an essential component of the macrophage NADPH oxidase (NOX2) complex. Ndk-dependent inactivation of Rac1 was associated with reduced NOX2-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-dependent apoptosis. Conversely, disruption of Ndk expression converted Mtb into a mutant strain that induces strong ROS and apoptosis responses. This phenotype was associated with reduced survival of Ndk mutant in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Ndk contributes significantly to mycobacterial virulence.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/enzymology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/microbiology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Macrophages/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutant Proteins/genetics
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzymology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology
- NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase/genetics
- Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase/metabolism
- Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense
- Phagosomes/enzymology
- Phagosomes/ultrastructure
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Virulence
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijender Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice Lau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard W. Stokes
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrés Obregón-Henao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Orme
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dennis Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yossef Av-Gay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zakaria Hmama
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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40
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Targeting neutrophil apoptosis for enhancing the resolution of inflammation. Cells 2013; 2:330-48. [PMID: 24709704 PMCID: PMC3972676 DOI: 10.3390/cells2020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process that requires inhibition of further leukocyte recruitment and removal of leukocytes from inflamed sites. Emigrated neutrophils undergo apoptosis before being removed by scavenger macrophages. Recent studies using a variety of gene knockout, transgenic and pharmacological strategies in diverse models of inflammation established neutrophil apoptosis as a critical control point in resolving inflammation. Analysis of death mechanisms revealed distinct features in executing the death program in neutrophils, which can be exploited as targets for controlling the lifespan of neutrophils. Indeed, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators derived from essential fatty acids, such as lipoxin A4 and resolvin E1, autacoids and proteins, such as annexin A1 and TRAIL, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, can enhance the resolution of inflammation through induction of neutrophil apoptosis and promoting their removal by efferocytosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of these actions, highlighting the potential of therapeutic induction of neutrophil apoptosis for dampening neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and inflammation underlying a variety of diseases.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to search for protein kinases that play a role in acute pancreatitis and analyze their potential connection with each other. METHODS Information of human protein kinases were collected in protein kinase database, and then a systematic search was performed using PubMed for studies addressing the association between these kinases and acute pancreatitis. Gene Ontology Annotations were used to build interactions network for acute pancreatitis-associated protein kinases. RESULTS A total of 570 human protein kinases were found, in which 28 kinases play a role in acute pancreatitis. Among the 28 kinases, RIPK1, JAK2, SRC, EGFR, FYN, MET, JAK1, TYK2, and MTOR were annotated in Gene Ontology database. A gene ontology interactions network was built to visualize the common biological process these kinases participated in. CONCLUSIONS This study provides observations that protein kinases participate in all the sequential events in the exocrine pancreas in acute pancreatitis and that protein kinases are potential therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis.
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Dupré-Crochet S, Erard M, Nüβe O. ROS production in phagocytes: why, when, and where? J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:657-70. [PMID: 23610146 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1012544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the phagocytosis field, ROS production by the phagocyte NOX has been associated with pathogen killing for the last 50 years. Since the discovery of nonphagocyte NOX, numerous other roles for ROS production have been identified. Oxidative stress and ROS-mediated signaling have received much attention in recent years. Much lower concentrations of ROS may be required for signaling compared with microbial killing. Based on the discoveries in nonphagocytic cells, it became logical to look for ROS functions distinct from pathogen killing, even in phagocytes. ROS are now linked to various forms of cell death, to chemotaxis, and to numerous modifications of cellular processes, including the NOX itself. ROS functions are clearly concentration-dependent over a wide range of concentrations. How much is required for which function? Which species are required for how much time? Is ROS signaling only a side effect of bactericidal ROS production? One major obstacle to answer these questions is the difficulty of reliable quantitative ROS detection. Signal transduction often takes place on a subcellular scale over periods of seconds or minutes, so the detection methods need to provide appropriate time and space resolution. We present examples of local ROS production, decreased degradation, signaling events, and potentially ROS-sensitive functions. We attempt to illustrate the current limitations for quantitative spatiotemporal ROS detection and point out directions for ongoing development. Probes for localized ROS detection and for combined detection of ROS, together with protein localization or other cellular parameters, are constantly improved.
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El Kebir D, Filep JG. Modulation of Neutrophil Apoptosis and the Resolution of Inflammation through β2 Integrins. Front Immunol 2013; 4:60. [PMID: 23508943 PMCID: PMC3589696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control of the neutrophil death program provides a balance between their defense functions and safe clearance, whereas impaired regulation of neutrophil death is thought to contribute to a wide range of inflammatory pathologies. Apoptosis is essential for neutrophil functional shutdown, removal of emigrated neutrophils, and timely resolution of inflammation. Neutrophils receive survival and pro-apoptosis cues from the inflammatory microenvironment and integrate these signals through surface receptors and common downstream mechanisms. Among these receptors are the leukocyte-specific membrane receptors β2 integrins that are best known for regulating adhesion and phagocytosis. Accumulating evidence indicate that outside-in signaling through the β2 integrin Mac-1 can generate contrasting cues in neutrophils, leading to promotion of their survival or apoptosis. Binding of Mac-1 to its ligands ICAM-1, fibrinogen, or the azurophilic granule enzyme myeloperoxidase suppresses apoptosis, whereas Mac-1-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria evokes apoptotic cell death. Mac-1 signaling is also target for the anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediators, including lipoxin A4, aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4, and resolvin E1. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying Mac-1 regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and highlights recent advances how hierarchy of survival and pro-apoptosis signals can be harnessed to facilitate neutrophil apoptosis and the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss El Kebir
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Montreal, QC, Canada
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Preta G, Fadeel B. AIF and Scythe (Bat3) regulate phosphatidylserine exposure and macrophage clearance of cells undergoing Fas (APO-1)-mediated apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47328. [PMID: 23077592 PMCID: PMC3471829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface has been considered a characteristic feature of apoptosis and serves as a molecular cue for engulfment of dying cells by phagocytes. However, the mechanism of PS exposure is still not fully elucidated. Here we show that the cytosolic release from mitochondria of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is required for PS exposure during death receptor-induced apoptosis and for efficient clearance of cell corpses by primary human macrophages. Fas-triggered PS exposure was significantly reduced upon siRNA-mediated silencing of AIF expression and by inhibition of the cytosolic translocation of AIF. In addition, AIF localizes to the plasma membrane upon Fas ligation and promotes activation of phospholipid scrambling activity. Finally, cytosolic stabilization of AIF through interaction with Scythe is shown to be involved in apoptotic PS exposure. Taken together, our results suggest an essential role for AIF and its binding partner Scythe in the pathway leading to apoptotic corpse clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Preta
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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45
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Antibody-induced nonapoptotic cell death in human lymphoma and leukemia cells is mediated through a novel reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Blood 2012; 119:3523-33. [PMID: 22354003 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-395541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Although Fc-dependent mechanisms of mAb-mediated tumor clearance have been extensively studied, the ability of mAbs to directly evoke programmed cell death (PCD) in the target cell and the underlying mechanisms involved remain under-investigated. We recently demonstrated that certain mAbs (type II anti-CD20 and anti-HLA DR mAbs) potently evoked PCD through an actin-dependent, lysosome-mediated process. Here, we reveal that the induction of PCD by these mAbs, including the type II anti-CD20 mAb GA101 (obinutuzumab), directly correlates with their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human B-lymphoma cell lines and primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. ROS scavengers abrogated mAb-induced PCD indicating that ROS are required for the execution of cell death. ROS were generated downstream of mAb-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization and lysosome membrane permeabilization. ROS production was independent of mitochondria and unaffected by BCL-2 overexpression. Instead, ROS generation was mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. These findings provide further insights into a previously unrecognized role for NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in mediating nonapoptotic PCD evoked by mAbs in B-cell malignancies. This newly characterized cell death pathway may potentially be exploited to eliminate malignant cells, which are refractory to conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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46
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Dingayan LP. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and NADPH Oxidase (NOX) are cytoprotective determinants in the trophozoite-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell Immunol 2011; 272:25-32. [PMID: 22014391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a host-parasite interaction model, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-incubated with trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica to determine if the cytotoxic killing of PBMCs involves (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Experimental PBMC populations were pre-treated with diphenylene iodonium chloride to inhibit NOX, N-acetylcysteine to inhibit p47(phox) (a subunit of NOX), and SB202190 to inhibit p38 MAPK, with co-suppression of caspases. Percentage apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and ROS generation were monitored in all PBMC populations. Pre-treatment significantly raised the proportion of apoptotic PBMCs, but changes in caspase-3 activity and ROS production were relatively negligible. These results indicate that p38 MAPK and NOX were cytoprotective determinants in the trophozoite-induced apoptosis of PBMCs. Further, the programmed cell death herein investigated was independent of both caspases and ROS, and the exact mechanism of cell death remains to be an open question.
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47
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Tyurina YY, Kisin ER, Murray A, Tyurin VA, Kapralova VI, Sparvero LJ, Amoscato AA, Samhan-Arias AK, Swedin L, Lahesmaa R, Fadeel B, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Global phospholipidomics analysis reveals selective pulmonary peroxidation profiles upon inhalation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7342-53. [PMID: 21550335 PMCID: PMC3321726 DOI: 10.1021/nn202201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly believed that nanomaterials cause nonspecific oxidative damage. Our mass spectrometry-based oxidative lipidomics analysis of all major phospholipid classes revealed highly selective patterns of pulmonary peroxidation after inhalation exposure of mice to single-walled carbon nanotubes. No oxidized molecular species were found in the two most abundant phospholipid classes: phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Peroxidation products were identified in three relatively minor classes of anionic phospholipids, cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol, whereby oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acid residues also showed unusual substrate specificity. This nonrandom peroxidation coincided with the accumulation of apoptotic cells in the lung. A similar selective phospholipid peroxidation profile was detected upon incubation of a mixture of total lung lipids with H(2)O(2)/cytochrome c known to catalyze cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine peroxidation in apoptotic cells. The characterized specific phospholipid peroxidation signaling pathways indicate new approaches to the development of mitochondria-targeted regulators of cardiolipin peroxidation to protect against deleterious effects of pro-apoptotic effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Address correspondence to or
| | - Elena R. Kisin
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ashley Murray
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valentina I. Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J. Sparvero
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda Swedin
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Address correspondence to or
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48
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Lewis CJ, Cobb BA. Adaptive immune defects against glycoantigens in chronic granulomatous disease via dysregulated nitric oxide production. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2562-72. [PMID: 21630251 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency defined by mutations in the NADPH oxidase complex leading to reduced superoxide production, increased susceptibility to infection, chronic inflammation, and recurring abscess and granuloma formation. Here, we found that CGD mice were hyperresponsive to abscess-inducing T-cell-dependent carbohydrate antigens (glycoantigens) due to a ten-fold increase in NO production within APCs, which is known to be necessary for glycoantigen presentation on MHC class II. CGD mice exhibited increased Th1 pro-inflammatory T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, characterized by more severe abscess pathology. This phenotype was also seen in WT animals following adoptive transfer of neutrophil-depleted APCs from CGD animals, demonstrating that this phenotype was independent of neutrophil and T-cell defects. Finally, pharmacological attenuation of NO production to WT levels in vivo reduced abscess incidence and severity in CGD without overt increases in inflammation or the ability to clear infection, suggesting a potential new treatment option for early stage CGD-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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49
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Ju KD, Lim JW, Kim KH, Kim H. Potential role of NADPH oxidase-mediated activation of Jak2/Stat3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases and expression of TGF-β1 in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:791-800. [PMID: 21509626 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NADPH oxidase is potentially associated with acute pancreatitis by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated whether NADPH oxidase mediates the activation of Janus kinase (Jak)2/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat)3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) to induce the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells. TREATMENT AR42J cells were treated with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or a Jak2 inhibitor AG490. Other cells were transfected with antisense or sense oligonucleotides (AS or S ODNs) for NADPH oxidase subunit p22(phox) or p47(phox). METHODS TGF-β1 was determined by enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay. STAT3-DNA binding activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Levels of MAPKs as well as total and phospho-specific forms of Jak1/Stat3 were assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cerulein induced increases in TGF-β1, Stat3-DNA binding activity and the activation of MAPKs in AR42J cells. AG490 suppressed these cerulein-induced changes, similar to inhibition by DPI. Cerulein-induced activation of Jak2/Stat3 and increases in MAPKs and TGF-β1 levels were inhibited in the cells transfected with AS ODN for p22(phox) and p47(phox) compared to S ODN controls. CONCLUSION Inhibition of NADPH oxidase may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of pancreatitis by suppressing Jak2/Stat3 and MAPKs and expression of TGF-β1 in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Don Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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50
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Kang EM, Marciano BE, DeRavin S, Zarember KA, Holland SM, Malech HL. Chronic granulomatous disease: overview and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1319-26; quiz 1327-8. [PMID: 21497887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) still causes significant morbidity and mortality. The difficulty in considering high-risk yet curative treatments, such as allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, lies in the unpredictable courses of both CGD and bone marrow transplantation in different patients. Some patients with CGD can have frequent infections, granulomatous or autoimmune disorders necessitating immunosuppressive therapy, or both but also experience long periods of relative good health. However, the risk of death is clearly higher in patients with CGD of all types, and the complications of CGD short of death can still cause significant morbidity. Therefore, with recent developments and improvements, bone marrow transplantation, previously considered an experimental or high-risk procedure, has emerged as an important option for patients with CGD. We will discuss the complications of CGD that result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly the most common infections and autoimmune/inflammatory complications, as well as their typical management. We will then discuss the status of bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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