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Sun H, Kim DS, Shanmugasundaram A, Kim JY, Kim ES, Lee BK, Lee DW. Enhancing cardiomyocytes contraction force measuring in drug testing: Integration of a highly sensitive single-crystal silicon strain sensor into SU-8 cantilevers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115756. [PMID: 37898097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient tools for predicting drug-induced cardiotoxicity in the preclinical phase would greatly benefit the drug development process. This study presents an SU-8 cantilever integrated with a single-crystal silicon strain sensor to enhance force sensitivity in toxicity screening methods based on changes in the contraction force of cardiomyocytes. The proposed cantilever device enables real-time measurements of cardiomyocytes contraction force with high sensitivity, thereby facilitating the assessment of drug cardiotoxicity. The experimental results obtained herein demonstrate the responsiveness of the proposed platform in detecting forces smaller than 0.02 μN with a force sensitivity that is nearly 17 times higher than those of conventional metal-based strain sensors. Moreover, the integration of strain sensors demonstrates the potential for manufacturing cantilever arrays that can be used in high-throughput screening applications. The developed methodology successfully facilitates in vitro culturing of cardiomyocytes and allows for continuous monitoring of their contraction force. The practical applicability of the proposed platform is further validated through cardiotoxicity analysis. The cultured cardiomyocytes are treated with two cardiovascular drugs, namely verapamil (an L-type calcium channel blocker) and isoproterenol (a sympathomimetic drug targeting β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors), to analyze the drug induced effects in the cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju, 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunkumar Shanmugasundaram
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Advanced Medical Device Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Advanced Medical Device Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next-Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Fender H, Walter K, Kiper AK, Plačkić J, Kisko TM, Braun MD, Schwarting RKW, Rohrbach S, Wöhr M, Decher N, Kockskämper J. Calcium Handling Remodeling Underlies Impaired Sympathetic Stress Response in Ventricular Myocardium from Cacna1c Haploinsufficient Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9795. [PMID: 37372947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CACNA1C encodes the pore-forming α1C subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2. Mutations and polymorphisms of the gene are associated with neuropsychiatric and cardiac disease. Haploinsufficient Cacna1c+/- rats represent a recently developed model with a behavioral phenotype, but its cardiac phenotype is unknown. Here, we unraveled the cardiac phenotype of Cacna1c+/- rats with a main focus on cellular Ca2+ handling mechanisms. Under basal conditions, isolated ventricular Cacna1c+/- myocytes exhibited unaltered L-type Ca2+ current, Ca2+ transients (CaTs), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, fractional release, and sarcomere shortenings. However, immunoblotting of left ventricular (LV) tissue revealed reduced expression of Cav1.2, increased expression of SERCA2a and NCX, and augmented phosphorylation of RyR2 (at S2808) in Cacna1c+/- rats. The β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline increased amplitude and accelerated decay of CaTs and sarcomere shortenings in both Cacna1c+/- and WT myocytes. However, the isoprenaline effect on CaT amplitude and fractional shortening (but not CaT decay) was impaired in Cacna1c+/- myocytes exhibiting both reduced potency and efficacy. Moreover, sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and fractional SR Ca2+ release after treatment with isoprenaline were smaller in Cacna1c+/- than in WT myocytes. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, the isoprenaline-induced increase in RyR2 phosphorylation at S2808 and S2814 was attenuated in Cacna1c+/- compared to WT hearts. Despite unaltered CaTs and sarcomere shortenings, Cacna1c+/- myocytes display remodeling of Ca2+ handling proteins under basal conditions. Mimicking sympathetic stress with isoprenaline unmasks an impaired ability to stimulate Ca2+ influx, SR Ca2+ release, and CaTs caused, in part, by reduced phosphorylation reserve of RyR2 in Cacna1c+/- cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kim Walter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Plačkić
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moria D Braun
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Gießen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Del Rivero Morfin PJ, Marx SO, Ben-Johny M. Sympathetic Nervous System Regulation of Cardiac Calcium Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36592229 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels, Cav1.2, in cardiomyocytes initiates excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. The force and rate of cardiac contraction are modulated by the sympathetic nervous system, mediated substantially by changes in intracellular calcium. Norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons innervating the heart and epinephrine secreted by the adrenal chromaffin cells bind to β-adrenergic receptors on the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes initiating a signaling cascade that generates cAMP and activates protein kinase A, the targets of which control calcium influx. For decades, the mechanisms by which PKA regulated calcium channels in the heart were not known. Recently, these mechanisms have been elucidated. In this chapter, we will review the history of the field and the studies that led to the identification of the evolutionarily conserved process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Del Rivero Morfin
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven O Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Signaling, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Hernández Mesa M, van den Brink J, Louch WE, McCabe KJ, Rangamani P. Nanoscale organization of ryanodine receptor distribution and phosphorylation pattern determines the dynamics of calcium sparks. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010126. [PMID: 35666763 PMCID: PMC9203011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging techniques have provided a better understanding of the relationship between the nanoscale organization and function of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in cardiomyocytes. Recent data have indicated that this relationship is disrupted in heart failure (HF), as RyRs are dispersed into smaller and more numerous clusters. However, RyRs are also hyperphosphorylated in this condition, and this is reported to occur preferentially within the cluster centre. Thus, the combined impact of RyR relocalization and sensitization on Ca2+ spark generation in failing cardiomyocytes is likely complex and these observations suggest that both the nanoscale organization of RyRs and the pattern of phosphorylated RyRs within clusters could be critical determinants of Ca2+ spark dynamics. To test this hypothesis, we used computational modeling to quantify the relationships between RyR cluster geometry, phosphorylation patterns, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. We found that RyR cluster disruption results in a decrease in spark fidelity and longer sparks with a lower amplitude. Phosphorylation of some RyRs within the cluster can play a compensatory role, recovering healthy spark dynamics. Interestingly, our model predicts that such compensation is critically dependent on the phosphorylation pattern, as phosphorylation localized within the cluster center resulted in longer Ca2+ sparks and higher spark fidelity compared to a uniformly distributed phosphorylation pattern. Our results strongly suggest that both the phosphorylation pattern and nanoscale RyR reorganization are critical determinants of Ca2+ dynamics in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Hernández Mesa
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas van den Brink
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimberly J. McCabe
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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5
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Lopez R, Janicek R, Fernandez-Tenorio M, Courtehoux M, Matas L, Gerbaud P, Gomez AM, Egger M, Niggli E. Uptake-leak balance of SR Ca2+ determines arrhythmogenic potential of RyR2R420Q+/− cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Dörner MF, Boknik P, Köpp F, Buchwalow IB, Neumann J, Gergs U. Mechanisms of Systolic Cardiac Dysfunction in PP2A, PP5 and PP2AxPP5 Double Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179448. [PMID: 34502355 PMCID: PMC8431312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our ongoing studies on the potential pathophysiological role of serine/threonine phosphatases (PP) in the mammalian heart, we have generated transgenic mice with cardiac muscle cell-specific overexpression of PP2Acα (PP2A) and PP5 (PP5). For further studies we crossbred PP2A and PP5 mice to obtain PP2AxPP5 double transgenic mice (PP2AxPP5, DT) and compared them with littermate wild-type mice (WT) serving as a control. The mortality of DT mice was greatly enhanced vs. other genotypes. Cardiac fibrosis was noted histologically and mRNA levels of collagen 1α, collagen 3α and fibronectin 1 were augmented in DT. DT and PP2A mice exhibited an increase in relative heart weight. The ejection fraction (EF) was reduced in PP2A and DT but while the EF of PP2A was nearly normalized after β-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol, it was almost unchanged in DT. Moreover, left atrial preparations from DT were less sensitive to isoproterenol treatment both under normoxic conditions and after hypoxia. In addition, levels of the hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide as well as the inflammation markers interleukin 6 and nuclear factor kappa B were increased in DT. PP2A enzyme activity was enhanced in PP2A vs. WT but similar to DT. This was accompanied by a reduced phosphorylation state of phospholamban at serine-16. Fittingly, the relaxation times in left atria from DT were prolonged. In summary, cardiac co-overexpression of PP2A and PP5 were detrimental to animal survival and cardiac function, and the mechanism may involve dephosphorylation of important regulatory proteins but also fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara-Francine Dörner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
- Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, D-06796 Brehna, Germany
| | - Peter Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Friedrich Köpp
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Igor B. Buchwalow
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, D-22547 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4093
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7
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Chami M, Checler F. Targeting Post-Translational Remodeling of Ryanodine Receptor: A New Track for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy? Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:313-323. [PMID: 32096743 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200225102941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic calcium (Ca2+) signaling linked to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) involves the intracellular Ca2+ release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs). RyRs are macromolecular complexes where the protein-protein interactions between RyRs and several regulatory proteins impact the channel function. Pharmacological and genetic approaches link the destabilization of RyRs macromolecular complexes to several human pathologies including brain disorders. In this review, we discuss our recent data, which demonstrated that enhanced neuronal RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak in AD is associated with posttranslational modifications (hyperphosphorylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation) leading to RyR2 macromolecular complex remodeling, and dissociation of the stabilizing protein Calstabin2 from the channel. We describe RyR macromolecular complex structure and discuss the molecular mechanisms and signaling cascade underlying neuronal RyR2 remodeling in AD. We provide evidence linking RyR2 dysfunction with β-adrenergic signaling cascade that is altered in AD. RyR2 remodeling in AD leads to histopathological lesions, alteration of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory deficits. Targeting RyR macromolecular complex remodeling should be considered as a new therapeutic window to treat/or prevent AD setting and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chami
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France.,CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France.,CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
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8
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Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise an 11-member superfamily yielding near 100 isoform variants that hydrolyze cAMP or cGMP to their respective 5'-monophosphate form. Each plays a role in compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling, with varying selectivity for each substrate, and conveying cell and intracellular-specific localized control. This review focuses on the 5 phosphodiesterases (PDEs) expressed in the cardiac myocyte capable of hydrolyzing cGMP and that have been shown to play a role in cardiac physiological and pathological processes. PDE1, PDE2, and PDE3 catabolize cAMP as well, whereas PDE5 and PDE9 are cGMP selective. PDE3 and PDE5 are already in clinical use, the former for heart failure, and PDE1, PDE9, and PDE5 are all being actively studied for this indication in patients. Research in just the past few years has revealed many novel cardiac influences of each isoform, expanding the therapeutic potential from their selective pharmacological blockade or in some instances, activation. PDE1C inhibition was found to confer cell survival protection and enhance cardiac contractility, whereas PDE2 inhibition or activation induces beneficial effects in hypertrophied or failing hearts, respectively. PDE3 inhibition is already clinically used to treat acute decompensated heart failure, although toxicity has precluded its long-term use. However, newer approaches including isoform-specific allosteric modulation may change this. Finally, inhibition of PDE5A and PDE9A counter pathological remodeling of the heart and are both being pursued in clinical trials. Here, we discuss recent research advances in each of these PDEs, their impact on the myocardium, and cardiac therapeutic potential.
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9
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Yegorova S, Yegorov O, Ferreira LF. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional signature of pathological remodeling in the diaphragm of rats after myocardial infarction. Gene 2020; 770:145356. [PMID: 33333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and the chronic phase post-myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by diaphragm morphological, contractile, and metabolic abnormalities. However, the mechanisms of diaphragm weakness are not fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to identify the transcriptome changes associated with diaphragm abnormalities in the chronic stage MI. We ligated the left coronary artery to cause MI in rats and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) in diaphragm samples 16 weeks post-surgery. The sham group underwent thoracotomy and pericardiotomy but no artery ligation. We identified 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of a total of 9664 genes. Myocardial infarction upregulated and downregulated 42 and 70 genes, respectively. Analysis of DEGs in the framework of skeletal muscle-specific biological networks suggest remodeling in the neuromuscular junction, extracellular matrix, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, and changes in metabolism and iron homeostasis. Overall, the data are consistent with pathological remodeling of the diaphragm and reveal potential biological targets to prevent diaphragm weakness in the chronic stage MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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10
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Multisite phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor: a random or coordinated event? Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1793-1807. [PMID: 33078311 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are phosphorylated at more than one phosphorylation site to achieve precise tuning of protein function and/or integrate a multitude of signals into the activity of one protein. Increasing the number of phosphorylation sites significantly broadens the complexity of molecular mechanisms involved in processing multiple phosphorylation sites by one or more distinct kinases. The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) is a well-established multiple phospho-target of kinases activated in response to β-adrenergic stimulation because this Ca2+ channel is a critical component of Ca2+ handling machinery which is responsible for β-adrenergic enhancement of cardiac contractility. Our review presents a selective overview of the extensive, often conflicting, literature which focuses on identifying reliable lines of evidence to establish if multiple RYR2 phosphorylation is achieved randomly or in a specific sequence, and whether phosphorylation at individual sites is functionally specific and additive or similar and can therefore be substituted.
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11
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Kistamás K, Veress R, Horváth B, Bányász T, Nánási PP, Eisner DA. Calcium Handling Defects and Cardiac Arrhythmia Syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32161540 PMCID: PMC7052815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a major role in the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration increases during systole and falls in diastole thereby determining cardiac contraction and relaxation. Normal cardiac function also requires perfect organization of the ion currents at the cellular level to drive action potentials and to maintain action potential propagation and electrical homogeneity at the tissue level. Any imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis of a cardiac myocyte can lead to electrical disturbances. This review aims to discuss cardiac physiology and pathophysiology from the elementary membrane processes that can cause the electrical instability of the ventricular myocytes through intracellular Ca2+ handling maladies to inherited and acquired arrhythmias. Finally, the paper will discuss the current therapeutic approaches targeting cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Kistamás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Veress
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter P Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Dental Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - David A Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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El Refaey M, Musa H, Murphy NP, Lubbers ER, Skaf M, Han M, Cavus O, Koenig SN, Wallace MJ, Gratz D, Bradley E, Alsina KM, Wehrens XHT, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ. Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulates Cardiac Na + Channels. Circ Res 2019; 124:737-746. [PMID: 30602331 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Voltage-gated Na+ channel ( INa) function is critical for normal cardiac excitability. However, the Na+ channel late component ( INa,L) is directly associated with potentially fatal forms of congenital and acquired human arrhythmia. CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) enhances INa,L in response to increased adrenergic tone. However, the pathways that negatively regulate the CaMKII/Nav1.5 axis are unknown and essential for the design of new therapies to regulate the pathogenic INa,L. OBJECTIVE To define phosphatase pathways that regulate INa,L in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS A mouse model lacking a key regulatory subunit (B56α) of the PP (protein phosphatase) 2A holoenzyme displayed aberrant action potentials after adrenergic stimulation. Unbiased computational modeling of B56α KO (knockout) mouse myocyte action potentials revealed an unexpected role of PP2A in INa,L regulation that was confirmed by direct INa,L recordings from B56α KO myocytes. Further, B56α KO myocytes display decreased sensitivity to isoproterenol-induced induction of arrhythmogenic INa,L, and reduced CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of Nav1.5. At the molecular level, PP2A/B56α complex was found to localize and coimmunoprecipitate with the primary cardiac Nav channel, Nav1.5. CONCLUSIONS PP2A regulates Nav1.5 activity in mouse cardiomyocytes. This regulation is critical for pathogenic Nav1.5 late current and requires PP2A-B56α. Our study supports B56α as a novel target for the treatment of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El Refaey
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Hassan Musa
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Nathaniel P Murphy
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Ellen R Lubbers
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Michel Skaf
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Mei Han
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Omer Cavus
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Sara N Koenig
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Michael J Wallace
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
| | - Daniel Gratz
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus (D.G., T.J.H.)
| | - Elisa Bradley
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.)
| | - Katherina M Alsina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.M.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.M.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (K.M.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.H.T.W.)
| | - Thomas J Hund
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus (D.G., T.J.H.)
| | - Peter J Mohler
- From the Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., D.G., E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (E.B., T.J.H., P.J.M.).,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus (M.E.R., H.M., N.P.M., E.R.L., M.S., M.H., O.C., S.N.K., M.J.W., P.J.M.)
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13
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Pérez-Treviño P, Sepúlveda-Leal J, Altamirano J. Simultaneous assessment of calcium handling and contractility dynamics in isolated ventricular myocytes of a rat model of post-acute isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102138. [PMID: 31838436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) results from a profound catecholaminergic surge during strong emotional or physical stress. SIC is characterized by acute left ventricular apex hypokinesia, in the absence of coronary arteries occlusion, and can lead to arrhythmias and acute heart failure. Although, most SIC patients recover, the process could be slow, and recurrence or death may occur. Despite that the SIC common denominator is a large catecholamine discharge, the pathophysiological mechanism is incompletely understood. It is thought that catecholamines have direct cytotoxicity on apical ventricular myocytes (VM), which have the highest β-adrenergic receptors density, and whose overstimulation might cause acute Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress, causing death in some VM and stunning others. Rodents receiving acute isoproterenol (ISO) overdose (OV) mimic SIC development, however, they have not been used to simultaneously assess Ca2+ handling and contractility status in isolated VM, which might explain ventricular hypokinesia. Therefore, treating rats with a single ISO-OV (67 mg/kg body weight), we sought out to characterize, with confocal imaging, Ca2+ and shortening dynamics in Fluo-4-loaded VM, during the early (1-5 days) and late post-acute phases (15 days). We found that ISO-OV VM showed contractile dysfunction; blunted shortening with slower force development and relaxation. These correlated with Ca2+ mishandling; blunted Ca2+ transient, with slower time to peak and SR Ca2+ recovery. SR Ca2+ content was low, nevertheless, diastolic Ca2+ sparks were more frequent, and their duration increased. Contractility and Ca2+ dysfunction aggravated or remained altered over time, explaining slow recovery. We conclude that diminished VM contractility is the main determinant of ISO-OV hypokinesia and is mostly related to Ca2+ mishandling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, N.L., 64710, Mexico
| | - José Sepúlveda-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, N.L., 64710, Mexico
| | - Julio Altamirano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, N.L., 64710, Mexico.
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14
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Pathophysiology of Calcium Mediated Ventricular Arrhythmias and Novel Therapeutic Options with Focus on Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215304. [PMID: 31653119 PMCID: PMC6862059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a major health problem with a huge impact on mortality rates and health care costs. Despite ongoing research efforts, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and processes responsible for arrhythmogenesis remains incomplete. Given the crucial role of Ca2+-handling in action potential generation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ handling proteins represent promising targets for suppression of ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, we report the different roles of Ca2+-handling in the development of congenital as well as acquired ventricular arrhythmia syndromes. We highlight the therapeutic potential of gene therapy as a novel and innovative approach for future arrhythmia therapy. Furthermore, we discuss various promising cellular and mitochondrial targets for therapeutic gene transfer currently under investigation.
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15
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Kushnir A, Santulli G, Reiken SR, Coromilas E, Godfrey SJ, Brunjes DL, Colombo PC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Sokol SI, Kitsis RN, Marks AR. Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Leak in Circulating B-Lymphocytes as a Biomarker in Heart Failure. Circulation 2019; 138:1144-1154. [PMID: 29593014 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in congestive heart failure (CHF) management depend on biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. During systole, intracellular Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm through type-2 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels. In CHF, chronically elevated circulating catecholamine levels cause pathological remodeling of type-2 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels resulting in diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and decreased myocardial contractility. Similarly, skeletal muscle contraction requires sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release through type-1 ryanodine receptors (RyR1), and chronically elevated catecholamine levels in CHF cause RyR1-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak, contributing to myopathy and weakness. Circulating B-lymphocytes express RyR1 and catecholamine-responsive signaling cascades, making them a potential surrogate for defects in intracellular Ca2+ handling because of leaky RyR channels in CHF. METHODS Whole blood was collected from patients with CHF, CHF following left-ventricular assist device implant, and controls. Blood was also collected from mice with ischemic CHF, ischemic CHF+S107 (a drug that specifically reduces RyR channel Ca2+ leak), and wild-type controls. Channel macromolecular complex was assessed by immunostaining RyR1 immunoprecipitated from lymphocyte-enriched preparations. RyR1 Ca2+ leak was assessed using flow cytometry to measure Ca2+ fluorescence in B-lymphocytes in the absence and presence of RyR1 agonists that empty RyR1 Ca2+ stores within the endoplasmic reticulum. RESULTS Circulating B-lymphocytes from humans and mice with CHF exhibited remodeled RyR1 and decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, consistent with chronic intracellular Ca2+ leak. This Ca2+ leak correlated with circulating catecholamine levels. The intracellular Ca2+ leak was significantly reduced in mice treated with the Rycal S107. Patients with CHF treated with left-ventricular assist devices exhibited a heterogeneous response. CONCLUSIONS In CHF, B-lymphocytes exhibit remodeled leaky RyR1 channels and decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores consistent with chronic intracellular Ca2+ leak. RyR1-mediated Ca2+ leak in B-lymphocytes assessed using flow cytometry provides a surrogate measure of intracellular Ca2+ handling and systemic sympathetic burden, presenting a novel biomarker for monitoring response to pharmacological and mechanical CHF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kushnir
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.)
| | - Steven R Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.)
| | - Ellie Coromilas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Sarah J Godfrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Danielle L Brunjes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
| | - Seth I Sokol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY (S.I.S.)
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.N.K.)
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (A.K., G.S., S.R.R., A.R.M.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (A.K., E.C., S.J.G., D.L.B., P.C.C., M.Y., A.R.M.)
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16
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Li T, Shen Y, Lin F, Fu W, Liu S, Wang C, Liang J, Fan X, Ye X, Tang Y, Ding M, Yang Y, Lei C, Hu S. Targeting RyR2 with a phosphorylation site-specific nanobody reverses dysfunction of failing cardiomyocytes in rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:7467-7478. [PMID: 30885011 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802354r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic PKA phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) has been shown to increase diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leakage and lead to cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesize that intracellular gene delivery of an RyR2-targeting phosphorylation site-specific nanobody could preserve the contractility of the failing myocardium. In the present study, we acquired RyR2-specific nanobodies from a phage display library that were variable domains of Camelidae heavy chain-only antibodies. One of the nanobodies, AR185, inhibited RyR2 phosphorylation in vitro and was chosen for further investigation. We investigated the potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)9-mediated cardiac expression of AR185 to combat postischemic heart failure (HF). AAV gene delivery elevated the intracellular expression of the AR185 protein in a rat model of ischemic HF, and this treatment normalized the systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the failing myocardium in vivo by reversing myocardial Ca2+ handling. Furthermore, AR185 gene transfer to failing cardiomyocytes reduced the frequency of SR calcium leaks, thereby restoring the attenuated intracellular calcium transients and SR calcium load. Moreover, AR185 gene transfer inhibited the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of RyR2 in failing cardiomyocytes. Our results provide preclinical experimental evidence that the cardiac expression of RyR2 nanobodies with AAV9 vectors is a promising therapeutic strategy for HF.-Li, T., Shen, Y., Lin, F., Fu, W., Liu, S., Wang, C., Liang, J., Fan, X., Ye, X., Tang, Y., Ding, M., Yang, Y., Lei, C., Hu, S. Targeting RyR2 with a phosphorylation site-specific nanobody reverses dysfunction of failing cardiomyocytes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biophysics, Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Shen
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxing Lin
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowu Liu
- Department of Biophysics, Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuqi Wang
- Department of Biophysics, Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhou Liang
- Department of Biophysics, Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuting Ye
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ding
- Pharchoice Therapeutics Incorporated, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongji Yang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biophysics, Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biophysics, Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Gong B, Tian C, Wang D. Is SERCA2 Sufficient as a Molecular Indicator of Contractile Function in Ventricular Hypertrophy? Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:646-647. [PMID: 30771327 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Congcong Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008.
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18
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Fertig BA, Baillie GS. PDE4-Mediated cAMP Signalling. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010008. [PMID: 29385021 PMCID: PMC5872356 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP is the archetypal and ubiquitous second messenger utilised for the fine control of many cardiovascular cell signalling systems. The ability of cAMP to elicit cell surface receptor-specific responses relies on its compartmentalisation by cAMP hydrolysing enzymes known as phosphodiesterases. One family of these enzymes, PDE4, is particularly important in the cardiovascular system, where it has been extensively studied and shown to orchestrate complex, localised signalling that underpins many crucial functions of the heart. In the cardiac myocyte, cAMP activates PKA, which phosphorylates a small subset of mostly sarcoplasmic substrate proteins that drive β-adrenergic enhancement of cardiac function. The phosphorylation of these substrates, many of which are involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, has been shown to be tightly regulated by highly localised pools of individual PDE4 isoforms. The spatial and temporal regulation of cardiac signalling is made possible by the formation of macromolecular “signalosomes”, which often include a cAMP effector, such as PKA, its substrate, PDE4 and an anchoring protein such as an AKAP. Studies described in the present review highlight the importance of this relationship for individual cardiac PKA substrates and we provide an overview of how this signalling paradigm is coordinated to promote efficient adrenergic enhancement of cardiac function. The role of PDE4 also extends to the vascular endothelium, where it regulates vascular permeability and barrier function. In this distinct location, PDE4 interacts with adherens junctions to regulate their stability. These highly specific, non-redundant roles for PDE4 isoforms have far reaching therapeutic potential. PDE inhibitors in the clinic have been plagued with problems due to the active site-directed nature of the compounds which concomitantly attenuate PDE activity in all highly localised “signalosomes”.
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19
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Val-Blasco A, Navarro-García JA, Tamayo M, Piedras MJ, Prieto P, Delgado C, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Rozas-Romero L, Gil-Fernández M, Zaragoza C, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M. Deficiency of NOD1 Improves the β-Adrenergic Modulation of Ca 2+ Handling in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 29962957 PMCID: PMC6010671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by cardiac dysfunction, Ca2+ mishandling, and chronic activation of the innate immune system. Reduced cardiac output in HF leads to compensatory mechanisms via activation of the adrenergic nervous system. In turn, chronic adrenergic overstimulation induces pro-arrhythmic events, increasing the rate of sudden death in failing patients. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is an innate immune modulator that plays a key role in HF progression. NOD1 deficiency in mice prevents Ca2+ mishandling in HF under basal conditions, but its role during β-adrenergic stimulation remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether NOD1 regulates the β-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ signaling in HF. Ca2+ dynamics were examined before and after isoproterenol perfusion in cardiomyocytes isolated from healthy and from post-myocardial infarction (PMI) wild-type (WT) and Nod1-/- mice. Isoproterenol administration induced similar effects on intracellular [Ca2+]i transients, cell contraction, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ load in healthy WT and Nod1-/- cells. However, compared with WT-PMI cells, isoproterenol exposure induced a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i transients and cell contraction parameters in Nod1-/--PMI cells, which mainly due to an increase in SR-Ca2+ load. NOD1 deficiency also prevented the increase in diastolic Ca2+ leak (Ca2+ waves) induced by isoproterenol in PMI cells. mRNA levels of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors were significantly higher in Nod1-/--PMI hearts vs WT-PMI hearts. Healthy cardiomyocytes pre-treated with the selective agonist of NOD1, iE-DAP, and perfused with isoproterenol showed diminished [Ca2+]i transients amplitude, cell contraction, and SR-Ca2+ load compared with vehicle-treated cells. iE-DAP-treated cells also presented increased diastolic Ca2+ leak under β-adrenergic stimulation. The selectivity of iE-DAP on Ca2+ handling was validated by pre-treatment with the inactive analog of NOD1, iE-Lys. Overall, our data establish that NOD1 deficiency improves the β-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ handling in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Val-Blasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Navarro-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Tamayo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Piedras
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rozas-Romero
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Fernández
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Fernández-Velasco, ;
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20
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Javidanpour S, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA. The cardioprotective effect of rosmarinic acid on acute myocardial infarction and genes involved in Ca 2+ homeostasis. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:911-923. [PMID: 28988521 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1390227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of hospitalisation and high mortality due to lethal arrhythmias. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) and ryanodine receptor (RyR2) regulate the cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of the most common caffeic esters in Rosmarinus officinalis. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis whether RA can protect cardiac function against AMI and arrhythmias induced by isoproterenol through the regulatory effect of SERCA2 and RyR2 gene expression. To this aim, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into in vivo and ex vivo studies and received RA (10, 15, and 30 mg/kg; 14 days). AMI was induced by two consecutive subcutaneous injections of 100 mg/kg isoproterenol. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, electrocardiography (ECG) parameters, plasma levels of cardiac biomarkers, and antioxidative enzymes were evaluated (in vivo study). Cardiac functions were measured in isolated hearts using Langendorff set up. Gene expressions of SERCA2 and RyR2 were measured in left ventricular heart. Isoproterenol administration showed a significant decline in BP, QRS voltage, activities of antioxidant enzymes, cardiac function, and gene expressions of SERCA2 and RyR2. The results also indicated a significant increase in heart rate, ST-elevation, cardiac biomarkers, and antioxidant enzymes. RA at 30 mg/kg dosage showed the best effect on the improvement of the mentioned factors. This study suggests that RA has potent cardioprotective effects against AMI and arrhythmia, which may be due to its ability to enhance expression of plasma antioxidant enzymes and genes involved in Ca2+ homeostasis SERCA2 and RyR2. The protective role of RA is also possibly related to its antiadrenergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Javidanpour
- a Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- a Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- a Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- a Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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21
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Yang J, Zhang R, Jiang X, Lv J, Li Y, Ye H, Liu W, Wang G, Zhang C, Zheng N, Dong M, Wang Y, Chen P, Santosh K, Jiang Y, Liu J. Toll-like receptor 4-induced ryanodine receptor 2 oxidation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ leakage promote cardiac contractile dysfunction in sepsis. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:794-807. [PMID: 29150444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.812289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest the potential role of a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak in cardiac contractile dysfunction in sepsis. However, direct supporting evidence is lacking, and the mechanisms underlying this SR leak are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the changes in cardiac Ca2+ handling and contraction in LPS-treated rat cardiomyocytes and a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). LPS decreased the systolic Ca2+ transient and myocyte contraction as well as SR Ca2+ content. Meanwhile, LPS increased Ca2+ spark-mediated SR Ca2+ leak. Preventing the SR leak with ryanodine receptor (RyR) blocker tetracaine restored SR load and increased myocyte contraction. Similar alterations in Ca2+ handling were observed in cardiomyocytes from CLP mice. Treatment with JTV-519, an anti-SR leak drug, restored Ca2+ handling and improved cardiac function. In the LPS-treated cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in RyR2 were increased, whereas the levels of the RyR2-associated FK506-binding protein 1B (FKBP12.6) were decreased. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-specific inhibitor TAK-242 reduced the oxidative stress in LPS-treated cells, decreased the SR leak, and normalized Ca2+ handling and myocyte contraction. Consistently, TLR4 deletion significantly improved cardiac function and corrected abnormal Ca2+ handling in the CLP mice. This study provides evidence for the critical role of the SR Ca2+ leak in the development of septic cardiomyopathy and highlights the therapeutic potential of JTV-519 by preventing SR leak. Furthermore, it reveals that TLR4 activation-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and the resulting oxidative stress in RyR2 contribute to the SR Ca2+ leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jingzhang Lv
- the Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China, and
| | - Ying Li
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hongyu Ye
- the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528415, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang Wang
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Na Zheng
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ming Dong
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Wang
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peiya Chen
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kumar Santosh
- the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China,
| | - Jie Liu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China, .,the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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22
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Meissner G. The structural basis of ryanodine receptor ion channel function. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:1065-1089. [PMID: 29122978 PMCID: PMC5715910 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+ release channels known as ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate the release of Ca2+ from an intracellular membrane compartment, the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum. There are three mammalian RyR isoforms: RyR1 is present in skeletal muscle; RyR2 is in heart muscle; and RyR3 is expressed at low levels in many tissues including brain, smooth muscle, and slow-twitch skeletal muscle. RyRs form large protein complexes comprising four 560-kD RyR subunits, four ∼12-kD FK506-binding proteins, and various accessory proteins including calmodulin, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases. RyRs share ∼70% sequence identity, with the greatest sequence similarity in the C-terminal region that forms the transmembrane, ion-conducting domain comprising ∼500 amino acids. The remaining ∼4,500 amino acids form the large regulatory cytoplasmic "foot" structure. Experimental evidence for Ca2+, ATP, phosphorylation, and redox-sensitive sites in the cytoplasmic structure have been described. Exogenous effectors include the two Ca2+ releasing agents caffeine and ryanodine. Recent work describing the near atomic structures of mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle RyRs provides a structural basis for the regulation of the RyRs by their multiple effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Meissner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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23
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Olgar Y, Celen MC, Yamasan BE, Ozturk N, Turan B, Ozdemir S. Rho-kinase inhibition reverses impaired Ca 2+ handling and associated left ventricular dysfunction in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:81-90. [PMID: 29029794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Walker MA, Gurev V, Rice JJ, Greenstein JL, Winslow RL. Estimating the probabilities of rare arrhythmic events in multiscale computational models of cardiac cells and tissue. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005783. [PMID: 29145393 PMCID: PMC5689829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic heartbeats can trigger reentrant arrhythmias, leading to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Such events have been attributed to perturbed Ca2+ handling in cardiac myocytes leading to spontaneous Ca2+ release and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). However, the ways in which perturbation of specific molecular mechanisms alters the probability of ectopic beats is not understood. We present a multiscale model of cardiac tissue incorporating a biophysically detailed three-dimensional model of the ventricular myocyte. This model reproduces realistic Ca2+ waves and DADs driven by stochastic Ca2+ release channel (RyR) gating and is used to study mechanisms of DAD variability. In agreement with previous experimental and modeling studies, key factors influencing the distribution of DAD amplitude and timing include cytosolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentrations, inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK1) density, and gap junction conductance. The cardiac tissue model is used to investigate how random RyR gating gives rise to probabilistic triggered activity in a one-dimensional myocyte tissue model. A novel spatial-average filtering method for estimating the probability of extreme (i.e. rare, high-amplitude) stochastic events from a limited set of spontaneous Ca2+ release profiles is presented. These events occur when randomly organized clusters of cells exhibit synchronized, high amplitude Ca2+ release flux. It is shown how reduced IK1 density and gap junction coupling, as observed in heart failure, increase the probability of extreme DADs by multiple orders of magnitude. This method enables prediction of arrhythmia likelihood and its modulation by alterations of other cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Viatcheslav Gurev
- TJ Watson Research Center, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States of America
| | - John J. Rice
- TJ Watson Research Center, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Greenstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Raimond L. Winslow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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25
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Cardiac Phosphodiesterases and Their Modulation for Treating Heart Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 243:249-269. [PMID: 27787716 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An important hallmark of cardiac failure is abnormal second messenger signaling due to impaired synthesis and catabolism of cyclic adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cGMP). Their dysregulation, altered intracellular targeting, and blunted responsiveness to stimulating pathways all contribute to pathological remodeling, muscle dysfunction, reduced cell survival and metabolism, and other abnormalities. Therapeutic enhancement of either cyclic nucleotides can be achieved by stimulating their synthesis and/or by suppressing members of the family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The heart expresses seven of the eleven major PDE subtypes - PDE1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9. Their differential control over cAMP and cGMP signaling in various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, provides intriguing therapeutic opportunities to counter heart disease. This review examines the roles of these PDEs in the failing and hypertrophied heart and summarizes experimental and clinical data that have explored the utility of targeted PDE inhibition.
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26
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Belevych AE, Ho HT, Bonilla IM, Terentyeva R, Schober KE, Terentyev D, Carnes CA, Györke S. The role of spatial organization of Ca 2+ release sites in the generation of arrhythmogenic diastolic Ca 2+ release in myocytes from failing hearts. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:44. [PMID: 28612155 PMCID: PMC5796415 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In heart failure (HF), dysregulated cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) contribute to the generation of diastolic Ca2+ waves (DCWs), thereby predisposing adrenergically stressed failing hearts to life-threatening arrhythmias. However, the specific cellular, subcellular, and molecular defects that account for cardiac arrhythmia in HF remain to be elucidated. Patch-clamp techniques and confocal Ca2+ imaging were applied to study spatially defined Ca2+ handling in ventricular myocytes isolated from normal (control) and failing canine hearts. Based on their activation time upon electrical stimulation, Ca2+ release sites were categorized as coupled, located in close proximity to the sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels, and uncoupled, the Ca2+ channel-free non-junctional Ca2+ release units. In control myocytes, stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors with isoproterenol (Iso) resulted in a preferential increase in Ca2+ spark rate at uncoupled sites. This site-specific effect of Iso was eliminated by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, which caused similar facilitation of Ca2+ sparks at coupled and uncoupled sites. Iso-challenged HF myocytes exhibited increased predisposition to DCWs compared to control myocytes. In addition, the overall frequency of Ca2+ sparks was increased in HF cells due to preferential stimulation of coupled sites. Furthermore, coupled sites exhibited accelerated recovery from functional refractoriness in HF myocytes compared to control myocytes. Spatially resolved subcellular Ca2+ mapping revealed that DCWs predominantly originated from coupled sites. Inhibition of CaMKII suppressed DCWs and prevented preferential stimulation of coupled sites in Iso-challenged HF myocytes. These results suggest that CaMKII- (and phosphatase)-dependent dysregulation of junctional Ca2+ release sites contributes to Ca2+-dependent arrhythmogenesis in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Hsiang-Ting Ho
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ingrid M Bonilla
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Karsten E Schober
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sándor Györke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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27
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28
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Walweel K, Molenaar P, Imtiaz MS, Denniss A, Dos Remedios C, van Helden DF, Dulhunty AF, Laver DR, Beard NA. Ryanodine receptor modification and regulation by intracellular Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in healthy and failing human hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 104:53-62. [PMID: 28131631 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Heart failure is a multimodal disorder, of which disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis is a hallmark. Central to Ca2+ homeostasis is the major cardiac Ca2+ release channel - the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) - whose activity is influenced by associated proteins, covalent modification and by Ca2+ and Mg2+. That RyR2 is remodelled and its function disturbed in heart failure is well recognized, but poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To assess Ca2+ and Mg2+ regulation of RyR2 from left ventricles of healthy, cystic fibrosis and failing hearts, and to correlate these functional changes with RyR2 modifications and remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS The function of RyR2 from left ventricular samples was assessed using lipid bilayer single-channel measurements, whilst RyR2 modification and protein:protein interactions were determined using Western Blots and co-immunoprecipitation. In all failing hearts there was an increase in RyR2 activity at end-diastolic cytoplasmic Ca2+ (100nM), a decreased cytoplasmic [Ca2+] required for half maximal activation (Ka) and a decrease in inhibition by cytoplasmic Mg2+. This was accompanied by significant hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 S2808 and S2814, reduced free thiol content and a reduced interaction with FKBP12.0 and FKBP12.6. Either dephosphorylation of RyR2 using PP1 or thiol reduction using DTT eliminated any significant difference in the activity of RyR2 from healthy and failing hearts. We also report a subgroup of RyR2 in failing hearts that were not responsive to regulation by intracellular Ca2+ or Mg2+. CONCLUSION Despite different aetiologies, disrupted RyR2 Ca2+ sensitivity and biochemical modification of the channel are common constituents of failing heart RyR2 and may underlie the pathological disturbances in intracellular Ca2+ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Walweel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - P Molenaar
- Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Northside Clinical School, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia
| | - M S Imtiaz
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - A Denniss
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Education Science and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - C Dos Remedios
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D F van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - D R Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - N A Beard
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Education Science and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
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29
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Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence has linked trans fatty acids (TFAs) in the diet to coronary heart disease in human populations. It has been estimated that dietary TFAs from partially hydrogenated oils may be responsible for between 30,000 and 100,000 premature coronary deaths per year in the United States. Although it is known that TFAs increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (markers of coronary heart disease), there is little known about the mechanisms by which TFAs actually function at the cellular level. It is unknown what levels of TFAs are clinically significant and it is unclear how TFAs are associated with cardiac arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. We hypothesize that TFAs affect membrane structure, thus altering enzymatic pathways that may subsequently induce cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Zaloga
- Clintec Nutrition, One Baxter Parkway, Deerfield, IL 60015, USA.
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30
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Jiang Y, Wang D, Zhang G, Wang G, Tong J, Chen T. Disruption of cardiogenesis in human embryonic stem cells exposed to trichloroethylene. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1372-1380. [PMID: 25847060 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is ubiquitous in our living environment, and prenatal exposure to TCE is reported to cause congenital heart disease in humans. Although multiple studies have been performed using animal models, they have limited value in predicting effects on humans due to the unknown species-specific toxicological effects. To test whether exposure to low doses of TCE induces developmental toxicity in humans, we investigated the effect of TCE on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and cardiomyocytes (derived from the hESCs). In the current study, hESCs cardiac differentiation was achieved by using differentiation medium consisting of StemPro-34. We examined the effects of TCE on cell viability by cell growth assay and cardiac inhibition by analysis of spontaneously beating cluster. The expression levels of genes associated with cardiac differentiation and Ca2+ channel pathways were measured by immunofluorescence and qPCR. The overall data indicated the following: (1) significant cardiac inhibition, which was characterized by decreased beating clusters and beating rates, following treatment with low doses of TCE; (2) significant up-regulation of the Nkx2.5/Hand1 gene in cardiac progenitors and down regulation of the Mhc-7/cTnT gene in cardiac cells; and (3) significant interference with Ca2+ channel pathways in cardiomyocytes, which contributes to the adverse effect of TCE on cardiac differentiation during early embryo development. Our results confirmed the involvement of Ca2+ turnover network in TCE cardiotoxicity as reported in animal models, while the inhibition effect of TCE on the transition of cardiac progenitors to cardiomyocytes is unique to hESCs, indicating a species-specific effect of TCE on heart development. This study provides new insight into TCE biology in humans, which may help explain the development of congenital heart defects after TCE exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1372-1380, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Toxicology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Toxicology, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Terentyev D, Hamilton S. Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release by serine-threonine phosphatases in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:156-164. [PMID: 27585747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount and timing of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during cardiac cycle are the main determinants of cardiac contractility. Reversible phosphorylation of the SR Ca2+ release channel, ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) is the central mechanism of regulation of Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes. Three major serine-threonine phosphatases including PP1, PP2A and PP2B (calcineurin) have been implicated in modulation of RyR2 function. Changes in expression levels of these phosphatases, their activity and targeting to the RyR2 macromolecular complex were demonstrated in many animal models of cardiac disease and humans and are implicated in cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure. Here we review evidence in support of regulation of RyR2-mediated SR Ca2+ release by serine-threonine phosphatases and the role and mechanisms of dysregulation of phosphatases in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Terentyev
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, United States.
| | - Shanna Hamilton
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Wales Heart Research Institute, United Kingdom
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32
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Walker MA, Williams GSB, Kohl T, Lehnart SE, Jafri MS, Greenstein JL, Lederer WJ, Winslow RL. Superresolution modeling of calcium release in the heart. Biophys J 2016; 107:3018-3029. [PMID: 25517166 PMCID: PMC4269784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) is critical for maintaining normal cellular contraction during cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The fundamental element of CICR in the heart is the calcium (Ca2+) spark, which arises from a cluster of ryanodine receptors (RyR). Opening of these RyR clusters is triggered to produce a local, regenerative release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The Ca2+ leak out of the SR is an important process for cellular Ca2+ management, and it is critically influenced by spark fidelity, i.e., the probability that a spontaneous RyR opening triggers a Ca2+ spark. Here, we present a detailed, three-dimensional model of a cardiac Ca2+ release unit that incorporates diffusion, intracellular buffering systems, and stochastically gated ion channels. The model exhibits realistic Ca2+ sparks and robust Ca2+ spark termination across a wide range of geometries and conditions. Furthermore, the model captures the details of Ca2+ spark and nonspark-based SR Ca2+ leak, and it produces normal excitation-contraction coupling gain. We show that SR luminal Ca2+-dependent regulation of the RyR is not critical for spark termination, but it can explain the exponential rise in the SR Ca2+ leak-load relationship demonstrated in previous experimental work. Perturbations to subspace dimensions, which have been observed in experimental models of disease, strongly alter Ca2+ spark dynamics. In addition, we find that the structure of RyR clusters also influences Ca2+ release properties due to variations in inter-RyR coupling via local subspace Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ss). These results are illustrated for RyR clusters based on super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy. Finally, we present a believed-novel approach by which the spark fidelity of a RyR cluster can be predicted from structural information of the cluster using the maximum eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. These results provide critical insights into CICR dynamics in heart, under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Walker
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George S B Williams
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Joseph L Greenstein
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W J Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raimond L Winslow
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Haghighi K, Pritchard TJ, Liu GS, Singh VP, Bidwell P, Lam CK, Vafiadaki E, Das P, Ma J, Kunduri S, Sanoudou D, Florea S, Vanderbilt E, Wang HS, Rubinstein J, Hajjar RJ, Kranias EG. Human G109E-inhibitor-1 impairs cardiac function and promotes arrhythmias. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:349-59. [PMID: 26455482 PMCID: PMC4689614 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of human and experimental heart failure is deficient sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-uptake reflecting impaired contractile function. This is at least partially attributed to dephosphorylation of phospholamban by increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity. Indeed inhibition of PP1 by transgenic overexpression or gene-transfer of constitutively active inhibitor-1 improved Ca-cycling, preserved function and decreased fibrosis in small and large animal models of heart failure, suggesting that inhibitor-1 may represent a potential therapeutic target. We recently identified a novel human polymorphism (G109E) in the inhibitor-1 gene with a frequency of 7% in either normal or heart failure patients. Transgenic mice, harboring cardiac-specific expression of G109E inhibitor-1, exhibited decreases in contractility, Ca-kinetics and SR Ca-load. These depressive effects were relieved by isoproterenol stimulation. Furthermore, stress conditions (2Hz +/- Iso) induced increases in Ca-sparks, Ca-waves (60% of G109E versus 20% in wild types) and after-contractions (76% of G109E versus 23% of wild types) in mutant cardiomyocytes. Similar findings were obtained by acute expression of the G109E variant in adult cardiomyocytes in the absence or presence of endogenous inhibitor-1. The underlying mechanisms included reduced binding of mutant inhibitor-1 to PP1, increased PP1 activity, and dephosphorylation of phospholamban at Ser16 and Thr17. However, phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor at Ser2808 was not altered while phosphorylation at Ser2814 was increased, consistent with increased activation of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), promoting aberrant SR Ca-release. Parallel in vivo studies revealed that mutant mice developed ventricular ectopy and complex ventricular arrhythmias (including bigeminy, trigeminy and ventricular tachycardia), when challenged with isoproterenol. Inhibition of CaMKII activity by KN-93 prevented the increased propensity to arrhythmias. These findings suggest that the human G109E inhibitor-1 variant impairs SR Ca-cycling and promotes arrhythmogenesis under stress conditions, which may present an additional insult in the compromised function of heart failure carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Haghighi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Tracy J Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Vivek P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Philip Bidwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Parthib Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Swati Kunduri
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens and Attikon Hospital, Greece
| | - Stela Florea
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Erica Vanderbilt
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Hong-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.
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Regan JN, Waning DL, Guise TA. Skeletal muscle Ca(2+) mishandling: Another effect of bone-to-muscle signaling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 49:24-9. [PMID: 26593325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our appreciation of crosstalk between muscle and bone has recently expanded beyond mechanical force-driven events to encompass a variety of signaling factors originating in one tissue and communicating to the other. While the recent identification of new 'myokines' has shifted some focus to the role of muscle in this partnership, bone-derived factors and their effects on skeletal muscle should not be overlooked. This review summarizes some previously known mediators of bone-to-muscle signaling and also recent work identifying a new role for bone-derived TGF-β as a cause of skeletal muscle weakness in the setting of cancer-induced bone destruction. Oxidation of the ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel (RyR1) in skeletal muscle occurs via a TGF-β-Nox4-RyR1 axis and leads to calcium mishandling and decreased muscle function. Multiple points of potential therapeutic intervention were identified, from preventing the bone destruction to stabilizing the RYR1 calcium channel. This new data reinforces the concept that bone can be an important source of signaling factors in pathphysiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Regan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David L Waning
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Brandenburg S, Arakel EC, Schwappach B, Lehnart SE. The molecular and functional identities of atrial cardiomyocytes in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1882-93. [PMID: 26620800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyocytes are essential for fluid homeostasis, ventricular filling, and survival, yet their cell biology and physiology are incompletely understood. It has become clear that the cell fate of atrial cardiomyocytes depends significantly on transcription programs that might control thousands of differentially expressed genes. Atrial muscle membranes propagate action potentials and activate myofilament force generation, producing overall faster contractions than ventricular muscles. While atria-specific excitation and contractility depend critically on intracellular Ca(2+) signalling, voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channels and ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channels are each expressed at high levels similar to ventricles. However, intracellular Ca(2+) transients in atrial cardiomyocytes are markedly heterogeneous and fundamentally different from ventricular cardiomyocytes. In addition, differential atria-specific K(+) channel expression and trafficking confer unique electrophysiological and metabolic properties. Because diseased atria have the propensity to perpetuate fast arrhythmias, we discuss our understanding about the cell-specific mechanisms that lead to metabolic and/or mitochondrial dysfunction in atrial fibrillation. Interestingly, recent work identified potential atria-specific mechanisms that lead to early contractile dysfunction and metabolic remodelling, suggesting highly interdependent metabolic, electrical, and contractile pathomechanisms. Hence, the objective of this review is to provide an integrated model of atrial cardiomyocytes, from tissue-specific cell properties, intracellular metabolism, and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling to early pathological changes, in particular metabolic dysfunction and tissue remodelling due to atrial fibrillation and aging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Brandenburg
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology & Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eric C Arakel
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology & Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Weber S, Meyer-Roxlau S, Wagner M, Dobrev D, El-Armouche A. Counteracting Protein Kinase Activity in the Heart: The Multiple Roles of Protein Phosphatases. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:270. [PMID: 26617522 PMCID: PMC4643138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of cardiovascular research have shown that variable and flexible levels of protein phosphorylation are necessary to maintain cardiac function. A delicate balance between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states of proteins is guaranteed by a complex interplay of protein kinases (PKs) and phosphatases. Serine/threonine phosphatases, in particular members of the protein phosphatase (PP) family govern dephosphorylation of the majority of these cardiac proteins. Recent findings have however shown that PPs do not only dephosphorylate previously phosphorylated proteins as a passive control mechanism but are capable to actively control PK activity via different direct and indirect signaling pathways. These control mechanisms can take place on (epi-)genetic, (post-)transcriptional, and (post-)translational levels. In addition PPs themselves are targets of a plethora of proteinaceous interaction partner regulating their endogenous activity, thus adding another level of complexity and feedback control toward this system. Finally, novel approaches are underway to achieve spatiotemporal pharmacologic control of PPs which in turn can be used to fine-tune misleaded PK activity in heart disease. Taken together, this review comprehensively summarizes the major aspects of PP-mediated PK regulation and discusses the subsequent consequences of deregulated PP activity for cardiovascular diseases in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer-Roxlau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
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Dema A, Perets E, Schulz MS, Deák VA, Klussmann E. Pharmacological targeting of AKAP-directed compartmentalized cAMP signalling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2474-87. [PMID: 26386412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can bind and activate protein kinase A (PKA). The cAMP/PKA system is ubiquitous and involved in a wide array of biological processes and therefore requires tight spatial and temporal regulation. Important components of the safeguard system are the A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), a heterogeneous family of scaffolding proteins defined by its ability to directly bind PKA. AKAPs tether PKA to specific subcellular compartments, and they bind further interaction partners to create local signalling hubs. The recent discovery of new AKAPs and advances in the field that shed light on the relevance of these hubs for human disease highlight unique opportunities for pharmacological modulation. This review exemplifies how interference with signalling, particularly cAMP signalling, at such hubs can reshape signalling responses and discusses how this could lead to novel pharmacological concepts for the treatment of disease with an unmet medical need such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dema
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Perets
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Svenja Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Anita Deák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
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38
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Hashemi S, Salma J, Wales S, McDermott JC. Pro-survival function of MEF2 in cardiomyocytes is enhanced by β-blockers. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15019. [PMID: 27551452 PMCID: PMC4979494 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β1-Adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) stimulation increases apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through activation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. The myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins function as important regulators of myocardial gene expression. Previously, we reported that PKA signaling directly represses MEF2 activity. We determined whether (a) MEF2 has a pro-survival function in cardiomyocytes, and (b) whether β-adrenergic/PKA signaling modulates MEF2 function in cardiomyocytes. Initially, we observed that siRNA-mediated gene silencing of MEF2 induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis as indicated by flow cytometry. β1-AR activation by isoproterenol represses MEF2 activity and promotes apoptosis in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. Importantly, β1-AR mediated apoptosis was abrogated in cardiomyocytes expressing a PKA-resistant form of MEF2D (S121/190A). We also observed that a β1-blocker, Atenolol, antagonizes isoproterenol-induced apoptosis while concomitantly enhancing MEF2 transcriptional activity. β-AR stimulation modulated MEF2 cellular localization in cardiomyocytes and this effect was reversed by β-blocker treatment. Furthermore, Kruppel-like factor 6, a MEF2 target gene in the heart, functions as a downstream pro-survival factor in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these data indicate that (a) MEF2 has an important pro-survival role in cardiomyocytes, and (b) β-adrenergic signaling antagonizes the pro-survival function of MEF2 in cardiomyocytes and β-blockers promote it. These observations have important clinical implications that may contribute to novel strategies for preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis associated with heart pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hashemi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Salma
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Wales
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - J C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry (CRMS), York University, Toronto, Canada
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Ruiz-Hurtado G, Li L, Fernández-Velasco M, Rueda A, Lefebvre F, Wang Y, Mateo P, Cassan C, Gellen B, Benitah JP, Gómez AM. Reconciling depressed Ca2+ sparks occurrence with enhanced RyR2 activity in failing mice cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 146:295-306. [PMID: 26371209 PMCID: PMC4586588 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling contribute to impaired contractile function in heart failure (HF). Experiments on single ryanodine receptors (RyRs) incorporated into lipid bilayers have indicated that RyRs from failing hearts are more active than those from healthy hearts. Here, we analyzed spontaneous Ca2+ sparks (brief, localized increased in [Ca2+]i) to evaluate RyR cluster activity in situ in a mouse post-myocardial infarction (PMI) model of HF. The cardiac ejection fraction of PMI mice was reduced to ∼30% of that of sham-operated (sham) mice, and their cardiomyocytes were hypertrophied. The [Ca2+]i transient amplitude and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load were decreased in intact PMI cardiomyocytes compared with those from sham mice, and spontaneous Ca2+ sparks were less frequent, whereas the fractional release and the frequency of Ca2+ waves were both increased, suggesting higher RyR activity. In permeabilized cardiomyocytes, in which the internal solution can be controlled, Ca2+ sparks were more frequent in PMI cells (under conditions of similar SR Ca2+ load), confirming the enhanced RyR activity. However, in intact cells from PMI mice, the Ca2+ sparks frequency normalized by the SR Ca2+ load in that cell were reduced compared with those in sham mice, indicating that the cytosolic environment in intact cells contributes to the decrease in Ca2+ spark frequency. Indeed, using an internal "failing solution" with less ATP (as found in HF), we observed a dramatic decrease in Ca2+ spark frequency in permeabilized PMI and sham myocytes. In conclusion, our data show that, even if isolated RyR channels show more activity in HF, concomitant alterations in intracellular media composition and SR Ca2+ load may mask these effects at the Ca2+ spark level in intact cells. Nonetheless, in this scenario, the probability of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves is enhanced, and they play a potential role in the increase in arrhythmia events in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Instituto de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Linwei Li
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 07360 México City, D.F., México
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe Mateo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cécile Cassan
- Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs: écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- INSERM U955 and Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France INSERM U955 and Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean Pierre Benitah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana María Gómez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Johnston AS, Lehnart SE, Burgoyne JR. Ca(2+) signaling in the myocardium by (redox) regulation of PKA/CaMKII. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:166. [PMID: 26321952 PMCID: PMC4530260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic cardiac function is maintained by a complex network of interdependent signaling pathways which become compromised during disease progression. Excitation-contraction-coupling, the translation of an electrical signal to a contractile response is critically dependent on a tightly controlled sequence of events culminating in a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) and subsequent contraction of the myocardium. Dysregulation of this Ca(2+) handling system as well as increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two major contributing factors to myocardial disease progression. ROS, generated by cellular oxidases and by-products of cellular metabolism, are highly reactive oxygen derivatives that function as key secondary messengers within the heart and contribute to normal homeostatic function. However, excessive production of ROS, as in disease, can directly interact with kinases critical for Ca(2+) regulation. This post-translational oxidative modification therefore links changes in the redox status of the myocardium to phospho-regulated pathways essential for its function. This review aims to describe the oxidative regulation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and the subsequent impact this has on Ca(2+) handling within the myocardium. Elucidating the impact of alterations in intracellular ROS production on Ca(2+) dynamics through oxidative modification of key ROS sensing kinases, may provide novel therapeutic targets for preventing myocardial disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Johnston
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen Goettingen, Germany ; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Göttingen Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph R Burgoyne
- Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London, UK
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Maxwell JT, Somasuntharam I, Gray WD, Shen M, Singer JM, Wang B, Saafir T, Crawford BH, Jiang R, Murthy N, Davis ME, Wagner MB. Bioactive nanoparticles improve calcium handling in failing cardiac myocytes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015. [PMID: 26223412 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) decorated nanoparticles and their cargo to modulate calcium handling in failing cardiac myocytes (CMs). MATERIALS & METHODS Primary CMs isolated from normal and failing hearts were treated with GlcNAc nanoparticles in order to assess the ability of the nanoparticles and their cargo to correct dysfunctional calcium handling in failing myocytes. RESULTS & CONCLUSION GlcNAc particles reduced aberrant calcium release in failing CMs and restored sarcomere function. Additionally, encapsulation of a small calcium-modulating protein, S100A1, in GlcNAc nanoparticles also showed improved calcium regulation. Thus, the development of our bioactive nanoparticle allows for a 'two-hit' treatment, by which the cargo and also the nanoparticle itself can modulate intracellular protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Maxwell
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Inthirai Somasuntharam
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Warren D Gray
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Ming Shen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason M Singer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Talib Saafir
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Crawford
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rong Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary B Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Little SC, Curran J, Makara MA, Kline CF, Ho HT, Xu Z, Wu X, Polina I, Musa H, Meadows AM, Carnes CA, Biesiadecki BJ, Davis JP, Weisleder N, Györke S, Wehrens XH, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ. Protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56α limits phosphatase activity in the heart. Sci Signal 2015. [PMID: 26198358 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine-selective holoenzyme composed of a catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunit. In the heart, PP2A activity is requisite for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and central in adrenergic signaling. We found that mice deficient in the PP2A regulatory subunit B56α (1 of 13 regulatory subunits) had altered PP2A signaling in the heart that was associated with changes in cardiac physiology, suggesting that the B56α regulatory subunit had an autoinhibitory role that suppressed excess PP2A activity. The increase in PP2A activity in the mice with reduced B56α expression resulted in slower heart rates and increased heart rate variability, conduction defects, and increased sensitivity of heart rate to parasympathetic agonists. Increased PP2A activity in B56α(+/-) myocytes resulted in reduced Ca(2+) waves and sparks, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation (and thus decreased activation) of the ryanodine receptor RyR2, an ion channel on intracellular membranes that is involved in Ca(2+) regulation in cardiomyocytes. In line with an autoinhibitory role for B56α, in vivo expression of B56α in the absence of altered abundance of other PP2A subunits decreased basal phosphatase activity. Consequently, in vivo expression of B56α suppressed parasympathetic regulation of heart rate and increased RyR2 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. These data show that an integral component of the PP2A holoenzyme has an important inhibitory role in controlling PP2A enzyme activity in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Little
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jerry Curran
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Makara
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Crystal F Kline
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hsiang-Ting Ho
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhaobin Xu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiangqiong Wu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Iuliia Polina
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hassan Musa
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Allison M Meadows
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brandon J Biesiadecki
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sandor Györke
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xander H Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Curran J, Mohler PJ. Alternative Paradigms for Ion Channelopathies: Disorders of Ion Channel Membrane Trafficking and Posttranslational Modification. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 77:505-24. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Curran
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute,
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute,
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
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Yeung HM, Hung MW, Lau CF, Fung ML. Cardioprotective effects of melatonin against myocardial injuries induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:12-25. [PMID: 25369321 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) increases the morbidity and mortality of ischemic heart disease in patients. Yet, there is a paucity of preventive measures targeting the pathogenesis of CIH-induced myocardial injury. We examined the cardioprotective effect of melatonin against the inflammation, fibrosis and the deteriorated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) homeostasis, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury exacerbated by CIH. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats that had received a daily injection of melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle were exposed to CIH treatment mimicking a severe OSA condition for 4 wk. Systolic pressure, heart weights, and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in hypoxic rats but not in the melatonin-treated group, when compared with the normoxic control. Levels of the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2) and fibrotic markers (PC1 and TGF-β) were significantly elevated in the hypoxic group but were normalized by melatonin. Additionally, infarct size of isolated hearts with regional I/R was substantial in the hypoxic group treated with vehicle but not in the melatonin-treated group. Moreover, melatonin treatment mitigated the SR-Ca(2+) homeostasis in the cardiomyocyte during I/R with (i) Ca(2+) overloading, (ii) decreased SR-Ca(2+) content, (iii) lowered expression and activity of Ca(2+) -handling proteins (SERCA2a and NCX1),and (iv) decreased expressions of CAMKII and phosphorylated eNOS(ser1177). Furthermore, melatonin ameliorated the level of expression of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and MnSOD) and NADPH oxidase (p22 and NOX2). Results support a prophylactic usage of melatonin in OSA patients, which protects against CIH-induced myocardial inflammation and fibrosis with impaired SR-Ca(2+) handling and exacerbated I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Mee Yeung
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Terentyev D, Rees CM, Li W, Cooper LL, Jindal HK, Peng X, Lu Y, Terentyeva R, Odening KE, Daley J, Bist K, Choi BR, Karma A, Koren G. Hyperphosphorylation of RyRs underlies triggered activity in transgenic rabbit model of LQT2 syndrome. Circ Res 2014; 115:919-28. [PMID: 25249569 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Loss-of-function mutations in human ether go-go (HERG) potassium channels underlie long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) and are associated with fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Previously, most studies focused on plasma membrane-related pathways involved in arrhythmogenesis in long QT syndrome, whereas proarrhythmic changes in intracellular Ca(2+) handling remained unexplored. OBJECTIVE We investigated the remodeling of Ca(2+) homeostasis in ventricular cardiomyocytes derived from transgenic rabbit model of LQT2 to determine whether these changes contribute to triggered activity in the form of early after depolarizations (EADs). METHODS AND RESULTS Confocal Ca(2+) imaging revealed decrease in amplitude of Ca(2+) transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content in LQT2 myocytes. Experiments using sarcoplasmic reticulum-entrapped Ca(2+) indicator demonstrated enhanced ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak in LQT2 cells. Western blot analyses showed increased phosphorylation of RyR in LQT2 myocytes versus controls. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated loss of protein phosphatases type 1 and type 2 from the RyR complex. Stimulation of LQT2 cells with β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol resulted in prolongation of the plateau of action potentials accompanied by aberrant Ca(2+) releases and EADs, which were abolished by inhibition of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2. Computer simulations showed that late aberrant Ca(2+) releases caused by RyR hyperactivity promote EADs and underlie the enhanced triggered activity through increased forward mode of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger type 1. CONCLUSIONS Hyperactive, hyperphosphorylated RyRs because of reduced local phosphatase activity enhance triggered activity in LQT2 syndrome. EADs are promoted by aberrant RyR-mediated Ca(2+) releases that are present despite a reduction of sarcoplasmic reticulum content. Those releases increase forward mode Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger type 1, thereby slowing repolarization and enabling L-type Ca(2+) current reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Terentyev
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.).
| | - Colin M Rees
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Weiyan Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Leroy L Cooper
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Hitesh K Jindal
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Xuwen Peng
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Yichun Lu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Katja E Odening
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Jean Daley
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Kamana Bist
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Alain Karma
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.)
| | - Gideon Koren
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence (D.T., W.L., L.L.C., H.K.J., Y.L., R.T., J.D., K.B., B.-R.C., G.K.); Physics Department, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (C.M.R., A.K.); Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey (X.P.); and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany (K.E.O.).
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Houser SR. Role of RyR2 phosphorylation in heart failure and arrhythmias: protein kinase A-mediated hyperphosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor at serine 2808 does not alter cardiac contractility or cause heart failure and arrhythmias. Circ Res 2014; 114:1320-7; discussion 1327. [PMID: 24723657 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.300569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This Controversies in Research article discusses the hypothesis that protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of the Ryanodine Receptor (RyR) at a single serine (RyRS2808) is essential for normal sympathetic regulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and is responsible for the disturbed Ca(2+) regulation that underlies depressed contractility in heart failure. Studies supporting this hypothesis have associated hyperphosphorylation of RyRS2808 and heart failure progression in animals and humans and have shown that a phosphorylation defective RyR mutant mouse (RyRS2808A) does not respond normally to sympathetic agonists and does not exhibit heart failure symptoms after myocardial infarction. Studies to confirm and extend these ideas have failed to support the original data. Experiments from many different laboratories have convincingly shown that PKA-mediated RyRS2808 phosphorylation does not play any significant role in the normal sympathetic regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release or cardiac contractility. Hearts and myocytes from RyRS2808A mice have been shown to respond normally to sympathetic agonists, and to increase Ca(2+) influx, Ca(2+) transients, and Ca(2+) efflux. Although the RyR is involved in heart failure-related Ca(2+) disturbances, this results from Ca(2+)-calmodulin kinase II and reactive oxygen species-mediated regulation rather than by RyR2808 phosphorylation. Also, a new study has shown that RyRS2808A mice are not protected from myocardial infarction. Collectively, there is now a clear consensus in the published literature showing that dysregulated RyRs contribute to the altered Ca(2+) regulatory phenotype of the failing heart, but PKA-mediated phosphorylation of RyRS2808 has little or no role in these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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47
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Reactive oxygen species and excitation-contraction coupling in the context of cardiac pathology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:92-102. [PMID: 24631768 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen-derived chemical compounds that are by-products of aerobic cellular metabolism as well as crucial second messengers in numerous signaling pathways. In excitation-contraction-coupling (ECC), which links electrical signaling and coordinated cardiac contraction, ROS have a severe impact on several key ion handling proteins such as ion channels and transporters, but also on regulating proteins such as protein kinases (e.g. CaMKII, PKA or PKC), thereby pivotally influencing the delicate balance of this finely tuned system. While essential as second messengers, ROS may be deleterious when excessively produced due to a disturbed balance in Na(+) and Ca(2+) handling, resulting in Na(+) and Ca(2+) overload, SR Ca(2+) loss and contractile dysfunction. This may, in the end, result in systolic and diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias. This review aims to provide an overview of the single targets of ROS in ECC and to outline the role of ROS in major cardiac pathologies, such as heart failure and arrhythmogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System"
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Li J, Imtiaz MS, Beard NA, Dulhunty AF, Thorne R, vanHelden DF, Laver DR. ß-Adrenergic stimulation increases RyR2 activity via intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ regulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58334. [PMID: 23533585 PMCID: PMC3606165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we investigate how ß-adrenergic stimulation of the heart alters regulation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) by intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ and the role of these changes in SR Ca2+ release. RyRs were isolated from rat hearts, perfused in a Langendorff apparatus for 5 min and subject to 1 min perfusion with 1 µM isoproterenol or without (control) and snap frozen in liquid N2 to capture their phosphorylation state. Western Blots show that RyR2 phosphorylation was increased by isoproterenol, confirming that RyR2 were subject to normal ß-adrenergic signaling. Under basal conditions, S2808 and S2814 had phosphorylation levels of 69% and 15%, respectively. These levels were increased to 83% and 60%, respectively, after 60 s of ß-adrenergic stimulation consistent with other reports that ß-adrenergic stimulation of the heart can phosphorylate RyRs at specific residues including S2808 and S2814 causing an increase in RyR activity. At cytoplasmic [Ca2+] <1 µM, ß-adrenergic stimulation increased luminal Ca2+ activation of single RyR channels, decreased luminal Mg2+ inhibition and decreased inhibition of RyRs by mM cytoplasmic Mg2+. At cytoplasmic [Ca2+] >1 µM, ß-adrenergic stimulation only decreased cytoplasmic Mg2+ and Ca2+ inhibition of RyRs. The Ka and maximum levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ activation site were not affected by ß-adrenergic stimulation. Our RyR2 gating model was fitted to the single channel data. It predicted that in diastole, ß-adrenergic stimulation is mediated by 1) increasing the activating potency of Ca2+ binding to the luminal Ca2+ site and decreasing its affinity for luminal Mg2+ and 2) decreasing affinity of the low-affinity Ca2+/Mg2+ cytoplasmic inhibition site. However in systole, ß-adrenergic stimulation is mediated mainly by the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad S. Imtiaz
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Beard
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Angela F. Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rick Thorne
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dirk F. vanHelden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Derek R. Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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49
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Marx SO, Marks AR. Dysfunctional ryanodine receptors in the heart: new insights into complex cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 58:225-31. [PMID: 23507255 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium dependent signaling is highly regulated in cardiomyocytes and determines the force of cardiac muscle contraction. The cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) play important roles in health and disease. Modulation of RyR2 by phosphorylation is required for sympathetic regulation of cardiac function. Abnormal regulation of RyR2 contributes to heart failure, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. RyR2 channels are oxidized, nitrosylated, and hyperphosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in heart failure, resulting in "leaky" channels. These leaky RyR2 channels contribute to depletion of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, resulting in defective cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. In this review, we discuss both the importance of PKA and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) regulation of RyR2 in health, and how altered phosphorylation, nitrosylation and oxidation of RyR2 channels lead to cardiac disease. Correcting these defects using either genetic manipulation (knock-in) in mice, or specific and novel small molecules ameliorates the RyR2 dysfunction, reducing the progression to heart failure and the incidence of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O Marx
- Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Gorelik J, Wright PT, Lyon AR, Harding SE. Spatial control of the βAR system in heart failure: the transverse tubule and beyond. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:216-24. [PMID: 23345264 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta1-adrenoceptors (β(1)AR) and beta-2 (β(2)AR) adrenoceptors represent the predominant pathway for sympathetic control of myocardial function. Diverse mechanisms have evolved to translate signalling via these two molecules into differential effects on physiology. In this review, we discuss how the functions of the βAR are organized from the level of secondary messengers to the whole heart to achieve this. Using novel microscopy and bio-imaging methods researchers have uncovered subtle organization of the control of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the predominant positively inotropic pathway for the βAR. The β(2)AR in particular is demonstrated to give rise to highly compartmentalized, spatially confined cAMP signals. Organization of β(2)AR within the T-tubule and caveolae of cardiomyocytes concentrates this receptor with molecules which buffer and shape its cAMP signal to give fine control. This situation is undermined in various forms of heart failure. Human and animal models of heart failure demonstrate disruption of cellular micro-architecture which contributes to the change in response to cardiac βARs. Loss of cellular structure has proved key to the observed loss of confined β(2)AR signalling. Some pharmacological and genetic treatments have been successful in returning failing cells to a more structured phenotype. Within these cells it has been possible to observe the partial restoration of normal β(2)AR signalling. At the level of the organ, the expression of the two βAR subtypes varies between regions with the β(2)AR forming a greater proportion of the βAR population at the apex. This distribution may contribute to regional wall motion abnormalities in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, a syndrome of high sympathetic activity, where the phosphorylated β(2)AR can signal via Gi protein to produce negatively inotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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