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Spuldaro TR, Wagner VP, Nör F, Gaio EJ, Squarize CH, Carrard VC, Rösing CK, Castilho RM. Periodontal disease affects oral cancer progression in a surrogate animal model for tobacco exposure. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:77. [PMID: 35514311 PMCID: PMC9097773 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the link between poor oral hygiene and the increased prevalence of oral cancer has been suggested. Most recently, emerging evidence has suggested that chronic inflammatory diseases from the oral cavity (e.g., periodontal disease), to some extent, play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to explore the direct impact of biofilm‑induced periodontitis in the carcinogenesis process using a tobacco surrogate animal model for oral cancer. A total of 42 Wistar rats were distributed into four experimental groups: Control group, periodontitis (Perio) group, 4‑nitroquinoline 1‑oxide (4‑NQO) group and 4NQO/Perio group. Periodontitis was stimulated by placing a ligature subgingivally, while oral carcinogenesis was induced by systemic administration of 4NQO in the drinking water for 20 weeks. It was observed that the Perio, 4NQO and 4NQO/Perio groups presented with significantly higher alveolar bone loss compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, all groups receiving 4NQO developed lesions on the dorsal surface of the tongue; however, the 4NQO/Perio group presented larger lesions compared with the 4NQO group. There was also a modest overall increase in the number of epithelial dysplasia and OSCC lesions in the 4NQO/Perio group. Notably, abnormal focal activation of cellular differentiation (cytokeratin 10‑positive cells) that extended near the basal cell layer of the mucosa was observed in rats receiving 4NQO alone, but was absent in rats receiving 4NQO and presenting with periodontal disease. Altogether, the presence of periodontitis combined with 4NQO administration augmented tumor size in the current rat model and tampered with the protective mechanisms of the cellular differentiation of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R. Spuldaro
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Vivian P. Wagner
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Felipe Nör
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - Eduardo J. Gaio
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H. Squarize
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0944, USA
| | - Vinicius C. Carrard
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Service, Porto Alegre General Hospital, Port Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Cassiano K. Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Rogerio M. Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0944, USA
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Nelson JE, Roth CL, Wilson L, Yates K, Aouizerat B, Morgan–Stevenson V, Whalen E, Hoofnagle A, Mason M, Gersuk V, Yeh MM, Kowdley KV. Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Increased Risk of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Adults With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Possible Role for MAPK and NF-κB? Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:852-63. [PMID: 27002799 PMCID: PMC5361650 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of serum vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to histologic features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and associated demographic, clinical, laboratory, and transcriptomic data in the well-characterized Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) cohort. METHODS Serum vitamin D 25(OH)D (VD) was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 190 adults (>18 years) with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Subjects were categorized according to their level of VD as either sufficient (>30 ng/ml), insufficient (≥20≤30 ng/ml), or deficient (VDD; <20 ng/ml). Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association of VDD and the presence of definite NASH and individual histological features of NAFLD after adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, and diabetes status. Hepatic transcriptomic data was compared between VDD and non-VDD subjects. RESULTS VDD was present in 55% of subjects and was independently associated with definitive NASH (odds ratio (OR) 3.15, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62-6.15, P=0.001), increased lobular inflammation (OR=1.98, 95% CI, 1.08-3.61, P=0.026), more ballooning (OR=2.38, 95% CI, 1.32-4.30, P=0.004), and the presence of fibrosis (OR=2.32, 95% CI, 1.13-4.77, P=0.022). There was a significant inverse relationship between lower levels of serum resistin and increased VD level category (P=0.013). The KRT10, SEMA3B, SNORD3C, ARSD, and IGKV4-1 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05) between VDD and non-VDD subjects. Gene ontology and pathway analysis suggest activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathways in VDD NAFLD subjects. CONCLUSIONS VDD is prevalent among US adult NAFLD patients and is independently associated with a definitive diagnosis of NASH and increased histological severity. Novel associations in proinflammatory pathways were identified, which suggest the mechanism for VDD in the pathogenesis of NASH and support dietary and/or lifestyle modifications to increase vitamin D levels in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Nelson
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center,
Seattle WA
| | | | - Laura Wilson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Dept of
Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathie Yates
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Dept of
Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bradley Aouizerat
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California at San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center,
Seattle WA
| | - Andrew Hoofnagle
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Mason
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center,
Seattle WA
| | - Vivian Gersuk
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center,
Seattle WA
| | - Matthew M. Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle WA
| | - Kris V. Kowdley
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center,
Seattle WA
- Liver Care Network, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA
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Salas PJ, Forteza R, Mashukova A. Multiple roles for keratin intermediate filaments in the regulation of epithelial barrier function and apico-basal polarity. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1178368. [PMID: 27583190 PMCID: PMC4993576 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1178368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As multicellular organisms evolved a family of cytoskeletal proteins, the keratins (types I and II) expressed in epithelial cells diversified in more than 20 genes in vertebrates. There is no question that keratin filaments confer mechanical stiffness to cells. However, such a number of genes can hardly be explained by evolutionary advantages in mechanical features. The use of transgenic mouse models has revealed unexpected functional relationships between keratin intermediate filaments and intracellular signaling. Accordingly, loss of keratins or mutations in keratins that cause or predispose to human diseases, result in increased sensitivity to apoptosis, regulation of innate immunity, permeabilization of tight junctions, and mistargeting of apical proteins in different epithelia. Precise mechanistic explanations for these phenomena are still lacking. However, immobilization of membrane or cytoplasmic proteins, including chaperones, on intermediate filaments (“scaffolding”) appear as common molecular mechanisms and may explain the need for so many different keratin genes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Salas
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL, USA
| | - Radia Forteza
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anastasia Mashukova
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physiology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Guldiken N, Zhou Q, Kucukoglu O, Rehm M, Levada K, Gross A, Kwan R, James LP, Trautwein C, Omary MB, Strnad P. Human keratin 8 variants promote mouse acetaminophen hepatotoxicity coupled with c-jun amino-terminal kinase activation and protein adduct formation. Hepatology 2015; 62:876-86. [PMID: 25963979 PMCID: PMC4549164 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18) are the intermediate filaments proteins of simple-type digestive epithelia and provide important cytoprotective function. K8/K18 variants predispose humans to chronic liver disease progression and poor outcomes in acute acetaminophen (APAP)-related liver failure. Given that K8 G62C and R341H/R341C are common K8 variants in European and North American populations, we studied their biological significance using transgenic mice. Mice that overexpress the human K8 variants, R341H or R341C, were generated and used together with previously described mice that overexpress wild-type K8 or K8 G62C. Mice were injected with 600 mg/kg of APAP or underwent bile duct ligation (BDL). Livers were evaluated by microarray analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, histological and immunological staining, and biochemical assays. Under basal conditions, the K8 G62C/R341H/R341C variant-expressing mice did not show an obvious liver phenotype or altered keratin filament distribution, whereas K8 G62C/R341C animals had aberrant disulphide cross-linked keratins. Animals carrying the K8 variants displayed limited gene expression changes, but had lower nicotinamide N-methyl transferase (NNMT) levels and were predisposed to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. NNMT represents a novel K8/K18-associated protein that becomes up-regulated after K8/K18 transfection. The more pronounced liver damage was accompanied by increased and prolonged JNK activation; elevated APAP protein adducts; K8 hyperphosphorylation at S74/S432 with enhanced keratin solubility; and prominent pericentral keratin network disruption. No differences in APAP serum levels, glutathione, or adenosine triphosphate levels were noted. BDL resulted in similar liver injury and biliary fibrosis in all mouse genotypes. CONCLUSION Expression of human K8 variants G62C, R341H, or R341C in mice predisposes to acute APAP hepatotoxicity, thereby providing direct evidence for the importance of these variants in human acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Guldiken
- IZKF and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm Germany
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto VA Medical Center, CA; and Stanford University Digestive Disease Center, USA
| | - Ozlem Kucukoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm Germany
| | - Melanie Rehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm Germany
| | - Kateryna Levada
- IZKF and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Gross
- IZKF and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, and the VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura P. James
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Christian Trautwein
- IZKF and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, and the VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pavel Strnad
- IZKF and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Corresponding author: Pavel Strnad, Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Tel.: +49(241) 80-35324, Fax: +49(241) 80-82455,
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Saiz-Ladera C, Lara MF, Garín M, Ruiz S, Santos M, Lorz C, García-Escudero R, Martínez-Fernández M, Bravo A, Fernández-Capetillo O, Segrelles C, Paramio JM. p21 suppresses inflammation and tumorigenesis on pRB-deficient stratified epithelia. Oncogene 2013; 33:4599-4612. [PMID: 24121270 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) controls proliferation and differentiation processes in stratified epithelia. Importantly, and in contrast to other tissues, Rb deficiency does not lead to spontaneous skin tumor formation. As the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 regulates proliferation and differentiation in the absence of pRb, we analyzed the consequences of deleting p21 in pRb-ablated stratified epithelia (hereafter pRb(ΔEpi);p21-/-). These mice display an enhancement of the phenotypic abnormalities observed in pRb(ΔEpi) animals, indicating that p21 partially compensates pRb absence. Remarkably, pRb(ΔEpi);p21-/- mice show an acute skin inflammatory phenotype and develop spontaneous epithelial tumors, particularly affecting tongue and oral tissues. Biochemical analyses and transcriptome studies reveal changes affecting multiple pathways, including DNA damage and p53-dependent signaling responses. Comparative metagenomic analyses, together with the histopathological profiles, indicate that these mice constitute a faithful model for human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that p21, in conjunction with pRb, has a central role in regulating multiple epithelial processes and orchestrating specific tumor suppressor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saiz-Ladera
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Lara
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Garín
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies (HIT). Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER). Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirentxu Santos
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Fernández
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit. Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT (ed70A). Ave. Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Santos M, Ruiz S, Lara MF, Segrelles C, Moral M, Martínez-Cruz AB, Ballestín C, Lorz C, García-Escudero R, Paramio JM. Susceptibility of pRb-deficient epidermis to chemical skin carcinogenesis is dependent on the p107 allele dosage. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:815-21. [PMID: 18300254 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional inactivation of the pRb-dependent pathway is a general feature of human cancer. However, only a reduced spectrum of tumors displays inactivation of the Rb gene. This can be attributed, at least partially, to the possible overlapping functions carried out by the related retinoblastoma family members p107 and p130. We observed that loss of pRb in epidermis, using the Cre/LoxP technology, results in proliferation and differentiation defects. These alterations are partially compensated by the elevation in the levels of p107. Moreover, epidermis lacking pRb and p107, but not pRb alone, develops spontaneous tumors, and double deficient primary keratinocytes are highly susceptible to Ha-ras-induced transformation. Two-stage chemical carcinogenesis experiments in mice lacking pRb in epidermis revealed a reduced susceptibility in papilloma formation and an increase in the malignant conversion. We have now explored whether the loss of one p107 allele, inducing a decrease in the levels of p107 up to normal levels could restore the susceptibility of pRb-deficient skin to two-stage protocol. We observed partial restoration in the incidence, number, and size of tumors. However, there is no increased malignancy despite sustained p53 activation. We also observed a partial reduction in the levels of proapoptotic proteins in benign papillomas. These data confirm our previous suggestions on the role of p107 as a tumor suppressor in epidermis in the absence of pRb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirentxu Santos
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Division of Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Chen J, Cheng X, Merched-Sauvage M, Caulin C, Roop DR, Koch PJ. Reply to: The ends of a conundrum? J Cell Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.005462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Carlos Caulin
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dennis R. Roop
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter J. Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chen J, Cheng X, Merched-Sauvage M, Caulin C, Roop DR, Koch PJ. An unexpected role for keratin 10 end domains in susceptibility to skin cancer. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:5067-76. [PMID: 17118961 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 10 (K10) is a type I keratin that is expressed in post-mitotic suprabasal keratinocytes of the skin. Based on cell culture experiments and transgenic mouse studies, it has been proposed that K10 suppresses cell proliferation and tumor formation in the skin. Furthermore, the ability of K10 to suppress cell proliferation was mapped to its unique N- and C-terminal protein domains. In the present study, we modified the endogenous keratin 14 (K14) gene of mice using a knock-in approach to encode a chimeric keratin that consists of the K14 rod domain fused to the K10 head and tail domains (K1014chim). This transgene was expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis and the outer root sheath of hair follicles. Unexpectedly, we found that the K10 end domains had no effect on basal keratinocyte proliferation in vivo. Moreover, when subjected to a chemical skin carcinogenesis protocol, papilloma formation in mutant mice was accelerated instead of being inhibited. Our data suggest that the increased tumor susceptibility of K1014chim mice is in part due to a suppression of apoptosis in mutant keratinocytes. Our results support the notion that intermediate filaments, in addition to their function as cytoskeletal components, affect tumor susceptibility of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Leis H, Sanchis A, Pérez P. Deletion of the N-terminus of IKKgamma induces apoptosis in keratinocytes and impairs the AKT/PTEN signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2006; 313:742-52. [PMID: 17184772 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory subunit IKKgamma/NEMO is crucial for skin development and function and although devoid of kinase activity, loss of IKKgamma function completely abolishes the activation of NF-kappaB by all pro-inflammatory cytokines. To inhibit the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex in keratinocytes, we have used a dominant negative approach by generating stable transfectants of an N-terminal deletion of IKKgamma (IKKgamma-DN97) that uncouples formation of the IKK complex. Expression of this mutant in PB keratinocytes (PB-IKKgamma-DN97) delayed growth kinetics, caused morphological changes and dramatically augmented apoptosis even in the absence of pro-apoptotic stimuli, as determined by cell morphology, TUNEL and caspase-3 cleavage. Moreover, in PB-IKKgamma-DN97 cells, TNF-alpha and IL-1 treatment failed to induce degradation of IkappaBalpha, phosphorylation of p65 on Ser 536 and nuclear translocation which, consequently, reduced kappaB-binding activity. In PB-IKKgamma-DN97 cells, accumulation of IkappaBalpha correlated with a downregulation of AKT activity and an increase of PTEN protein levels whereas pro-apoptotic p53 target genes Bax and Puma were upregulated. These effects were most likely mediated through IKK since coexpression of the wild-type form of IKKgamma in keratinocytes partially reversed apoptosis and reduced PTEN expression. Thus, our data suggest a negative cross-talk mechanism involving PTEN and NF-kappaB, critical for the anti-apoptotic role of NF-kappaB in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Leis
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Av. Autopista del Saler 16, Camino de las Moreras, Valencia, Spain
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Jewett A, Cacalano NA, Teruel A, Romero M, Rashedi M, Wang M, Nakamura H. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activity in oral tumor cells prevents depletion of NK cells and increases their functional activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1052-63. [PMID: 16328384 PMCID: PMC11030165 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify candidate factors which may be responsible for the functional inactivation and depletion of NK cells by tumor cells. Inhibition of NFkappaB activity by an IkappaB super-repressor in HEp2 cells, a cell line commonly used as an oral tumor model, blocked tumor-induced NK cell death, and increased the function of NK cells significantly. Increased expression of CD69 early activation antigen on NK cells as well as augmented proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma by NK cells were observed when these cells were co-incubated with IkappaB super-repressor transfected HEp2 cells (HEp2-IkappaB((S32AS36A))). More importantly, the secretion of IL-6 was significantly inhibited when NK cells were co-cultured with HEp2-IkappaB((S32AS36A)) cells. In addition, the survival and function of cytotoxic effector cells remained significantly elevated in the presence of IFN-gamma-treated HEp2-IkappaB((S32AS36A)) cells when compared to either untreated or IFN-gamma-treated vector-alone transfected HEp2 cells. Similar findings to those obtained using purified peripheral blood NK cells were also observed when non-fractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used in the co-cultures of immune effectors with HEp2 cell transfectants. Addition of recombinant human IL-6 to the co-cultures of immune effectors with the NFkappaB knockdown HEp2 tumor cells substantially decreased the levels of secreted IFN-gamma. Thus, the results presented in this paper suggest that the inhibition of NFkappaB function in oral tumors may serve to activate and expand the function and numbers of NK cells. Moreover, NFkappaB-mediated increase in IL-6 secretion by oral tumors may in part be responsible for the observed inactivation and death of the immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Jewett
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Hass R, Kirchner M, Hollwitz B, Scharf A. 2D-DIGE analysis revealed reduced cytokeratin signaling in placenta with preeclampsia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sita.200500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Santos M, Río P, Ruiz S, Martínez-Palacio J, Segrelles C, Lara MF, Segovia JC, Paramio JM. Altered T cell differentiation and Notch signaling induced by the ectopic expression of keratin K10 in the epithelial cells of the thymus. J Cell Biochem 2005; 95:543-58. [PMID: 15786499 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing hK10 under the keratin K5 promoter display several alterations in the epidermis including decreased cell proliferation, and reduced susceptibility to tumor development. Given that K5 promoter is also active in the epithelial cells of the thymus, we explored the possible alterations of the thymus because of K10 transgene expression. We found severe thymic alterations, which affect not only the thymic epithelial cells (TEC), but also thymocytes. We observed altered architecture and premature thymus involution in the transgenic mice associated with increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of the thymocytes. Interestingly, prior to the development of this detrimental phenotype, thymocytes of the transgenic mice also displayed altered differentiation, which is aggravated later on. Molecular characterization of this phenotype indicated that Akt activity is reduced in TEC, but not in thymocytes. In addition, we also observed altered expression of Notch family members and some of their ligands both in TEC and T cells. This produces reduced Notch activity in TEC but increased Notch activity in thymocytes, which is detectable prior to the disruption of the thymic architecture. In addition, we also detect altered Notch expression in the epidermis of bK5hK10 transgenic mice. Collectively the present data indicate that keratin K10 may induce severe alterations not only in a cell autonomous manner, but also in neighboring cells by the modulation of signals involved in cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirentxu Santos
- Epithelial Damage, Repair and Tissue Engineering Project, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Green KJ, Böhringer M, Gocken T, Jones JCR. Intermediate filament associated proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2005; 70:143-202. [PMID: 15837516 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(05)70006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filament associated proteins (IFAPs) coordinate interactions between intermediate filaments (IFs) and other cytoskeletal elements and organelles, including membrane-associated junctions such as desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells, costameres in striated muscle, and intercalated discs in cardiac muscle. IFAPs thus serve as critical connecting links in the IF scaffolding that organizes the cytoplasm and confers mechanical stability to cells and tissues. However, in recent years it has become apparent that IFAPs are not limited to structural crosslinkers and bundlers but also include chaperones, enzymes, adapters, and receptors. IF networks can therefore be considered scaffolding upon which associated proteins are organized and regulated to control metabolic activities and maintain cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology and R.H. Lurie Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Koch PJ, Roop DR. The role of keratins in epidermal development and homeostasis--going beyond the obvious. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123:x-xi. [PMID: 15482464 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Koch
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Coulombe PA, Wong P. Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments revealed as dynamic and multipurpose scaffolds. Nat Cell Biol 2004; 6:699-706. [PMID: 15303099 DOI: 10.1038/ncb0804-699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal polymers encoded by a large family of differentially expressed genes that provide crucial structural support in the cytoplasm and nucleus of higher eukaryotes. Perturbation of their function accounts for several genetically determined diseases in which fragile cells cannot sustain mechanical and non-mechanical stresses. Recent studies shed light on how this structural support is modulated to meet the changing needs of cells, and reveal a novel role whereby intermediate filaments influence cell growth and death through dynamic interactions with non-structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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18
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Leis H, Page A, Ramírez A, Bravo A, Segrelles C, Paramio J, Barettino D, Jorcano JL, Pérez P. Glucocorticoid Receptor Counteracts Tumorigenic Activity of Akt in Skin through Interference with the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 18:303-11. [PMID: 14615607 DOI: 10.1210/me.2003-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin-targeted overexpression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in transgenic mice dramatically impairs the inflammatory responses to tumor promoter agents and suppresses skin tumor development. The antiinflammatory, rapid effects of corticosteroids are partially exerted through interference of GR with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in several tissues, a highly relevant pathway in the mouse skin tumor progression process. In this work, we aimed to elucidate whether a cross-talk mechanism between GR and PI3K/Akt occurred in intact skin as well as the biological relevance of this interaction during skin tumorigenesis. We report that, in transgenic mice overexpressing the receptor, GR physically associated with p85 alpha/PI3K in skin, resulting in decreased Akt and I kappa B kinase activity. GR activation by dexamethasone in normal mouse skin also decreased Akt activity within minutes, whereas cotreatment with the GR antagonist RU486 abolished dexamethasone action. Indeed, GR exerted a nongenomic action because keratinocyte transfection with a transcriptionally defective receptor mutant still decreased PI3K and Akt activity. Moreover, GR coexpression greatly reduced the accelerated growth of malignant tumors and increased Akt activity induced by Akt-transfected keratinocytes, as shown by in vivo tumorigenic assays. Overall, our data strongly indicate that GR/PI3K-Akt cross-talk constitutes a major mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of glucocorticoids in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Leis
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-46010 Valencia, Spain
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