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Wang J, Li S, Li X, Liu J, Yang J, Li Y, Li W, Yang Y, Li J, Chen R, Li K, Huang D, Liu Y, Lv L, Li M, Xiao X, Luo XJ. Functional variant rs2270363 on 16p13.3 confers schizophrenia risk by regulating NMRAL1. Brain 2022; 145:2569-2585. [PMID: 35094059 PMCID: PMC9612800 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have reported multiple schizophrenia risk loci, yet the functional variants and their roles in schizophrenia remain to be characterized. Here we identify a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2270363: G>A) at the schizophrenia risk locus 16p13.3. rs2270363 lies in the E-box element of the promoter of NMRAL1 and disrupts binding of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family proteins, including USF1, MAX and MXI1. We validated the regulatory effects of rs2270363 using reporter gene assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Besides, expression quantitative trait loci analysis showed that the risk allele (A) of rs2270363 was significantly associated with elevated NMRAL1 expression in the human brain. Transcription factors knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing further confirmed the regulatory effects of the genomic region containing rs2270363 on NMRAL1. Intriguingly, NMRAL1 was significantly downregulated in the brain of schizophrenia patients compared with healthy subjects, and knockdown of Nmral1 expression affected proliferation and differentiation of mouse neural stem cells, as well as genes and pathways associated with brain development and synaptic transmission. Of note, Nmral1 knockdown resulted in significant decrease of dendritic spine density, revealing the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of NMRAL1 in schizophrenia. Finally, we independently confirmed the association between rs2270363 and schizophrenia in the Chinese population and found that the risk allele of rs2270363 was the same in European and Chinese populations. These lines of evidence suggest that rs2270363 may confer schizophrenia risk by regulating NMRAL1, a gene whose expression dysregulation might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by affecting neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Kaiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiong Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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2
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Galán-Martínez J, Stamatakis K, Sánchez-Gómez I, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Gironés N, Fresno M. Isoform-specific effects of transcription factor TCFL5 on the pluripotency-related genes SOX2 and KLF4 in colorectal cancer development. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1876-1890. [PMID: 34623757 PMCID: PMC9067154 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very common life‐threatening malignancy. Transcription factor‐like 5 (TCFL5) has been suggested to be involved in CRC. Here, we describe the expression of four alternative transcripts of TCFL5 and their relevance in CRC. Complete deletion of all isoforms drastically decreased pro‐tumoural properties such as spheroids formation and in vivo tumour growth, although increased migration in CRC cell lines. Overexpression of the two main isoforms, TCFL5_E8 and CHA, had opposite effects: TCFL5_E8 reduced proliferation and spheroids formation, while CHA increased them. TCFL5_E8 reduced in vivo tumour formation, while CHA had no effect. In addition, TCFL5_E8 and CHA have different roles in the regulation of the pluripotency‐related genes SOX2 and KLF4. Both isoforms bind directly to their promoters; however, TCFL5_E8 induced SOX2 and reduced KLF4 mRNA levels, whereas CHA did the opposite. Together, our results show that TCFL5 plays an important role in the development of CRC, being however isoform‐specific. This work also points to the need to analyse separately TCFL5 isoforms in cancer, due to their different and opposite functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Galán-Martínez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Sánchez-Gómez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Núria Gironés
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Rodríguez-Angulo HO, Lamsfus-Calle A, Isoler-Alcaráz J, Galán-Martínez J, Herreros-Cabello A, Callejas-Hernández F, Chorro-de-Villaceballos MA, Maza MC, Santi-Rocca J, Poveda C, Moral-Salmoral JD, Marques J, Mendoza I, Ramírez JD, Guhl F, Carrillo I, Pérez-Tanoira R, Górgolas M, Pérez-Ayala A, Monge-Maillo B, Norman F, Pérez-Molina JA, López-Vélez R, Fresno M, Gironès N. Autoantibodies against the immunodominant sCha epitope discriminate the risk of sudden death in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1497:27-38. [PMID: 33682151 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Chagas disease (ChD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, new biomarkers to predict chronic cardiac pathology are urgently needed. Previous studies in chagasic patients with mild symptomatology showed that antibodies against the immunodominant R3 epitope of sCha, a fragment of the human basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor like 5, correlated with cardiac pathology. To validate sCha as a biomarker and to understand the origin of anti-sCha antibodies, we conducted a multicenter study with several cohorts of chagasic patients with severe cardiac symptomatology. We found that levels of antibodies against sCha discriminated the high risk of sudden death, indicating they could be useful for ChD prognosis. We investigated the origin of the antibodies and performed an alanine scan of the R3 epitope. We identified a minimal epitope MRQLD, and a BLAST search retrieved several T. cruzi antigens. Five of the hits had known or putative functions, of which phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase showed the highest cross-reactivity with sCha, confirming the role of molecular mimicry in the development of anti-sCha antibodies. Altogether, we demonstrate that the development of antibodies against sCha, which originated by molecular mimicry with T. cruzi antigens, could discriminate electrocardiographic alterations associated with a high risk of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Lamsfus-Calle
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,VIVEbiotech S. L., Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Javier Galán-Martínez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María A Chorro-de-Villaceballos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Maza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julien Santi-Rocca
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Science and Healthcare for Oral Welfare - SHOW, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Iván Mendoza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Irene Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Górgolas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ayala
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Monge-Maillo
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Norman
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Molina
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio López-Vélez
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Horbach T, Götz C, Kietzmann T, Dimova EY. Protein kinases as switches for the function of upstream stimulatory factors: implications for tissue injury and cancer. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:3. [PMID: 25741280 PMCID: PMC4332324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The upstream stimulatory factors (USFs) are regulators of important cellular processes. Both USF1 and USF2 are supposed to have major roles in metabolism, tissue protection and tumor development. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms that control the function of USFs, in particular in tissue protection and cancer, is limited. Phosphorylation is a versatile tool to regulate protein functions. Thereby, phosphorylation can positively or negatively affect different aspects of transcription factor function including protein stability, protein-protein interaction, cellular localization, or DNA binding. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the regulation of USFs by direct phosphorylation and the consequences for USF functions in tissue protection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Horbach
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland ; Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
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5
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George JW, Dille EA, Heckert LL. Current concepts of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene regulation. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:7-17. [PMID: 20739665 PMCID: PMC4480823 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.085043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a pituitary glycoprotein hormone, is an integral component of the endocrine axis that regulates gonadal function and fertility. To transmit its signal, FSH must bind to its receptor (FSHR) located on Sertoli cells of the testis and granulosa cells of the ovary. Thus, both the magnitude and the target of hormone response are controlled by mechanisms that determine FSHR levels and cell-specific expression, which are supported by transcription of its gene. The present review examines the status of FSHR/Fshr gene regulation, emphasizing the importance of distal sequences in FSHR/Fshr transcription, new insights gained from the influx of genomics data and bioinformatics, and emerging trends that offer direction in deciphering the FSHR/Fshr regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu W. George
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Elizabeth A. Dille
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Leslie L. Heckert
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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6
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Lithium chloride regulation of the substance P encoding preprotachykinin a, Tac1 gene in rat hippocampal primary cells. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 45:94-100. [PMID: 20690045 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In rat hippocampal cultures, the preprotachykinin A (PPTA/Tac1) gene, which encodes the neuropeptide substance P, is regulated by the action of lithium. We used reporter gene and expression constructs to demonstrate that this mechanism of action of lithium is mediated via a previously characterised cis-regulatory Ebox element in the proximal promoter, which binds members of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix family of transcription factors. Consistent with this, in hippocampal cells, both the expression of the endogenous gene and the function of this promoter element are differentially regulated by the basic Helix-Loop-Helix factors, upstream stimulatory factor 1 and 2 (USF1/2). In addition, the genes for USF1 and USF2 are differentially regulated by lithium in these cells. Our data implicate USF1 as a major regulator of the action of lithium on the proximal PPTA promoter.
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7
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Choquette AC, Bouchard L, Houde A, Bouchard C, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Associations between USF1 gene variants and cardiovascular risk factors in the Quebec Family Study. Clin Genet 2007; 71:245-53. [PMID: 17309647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors are under the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Human upstream transcription factor 1 gene (USF1) encodes for a transcription factor, which modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that USF1 gene variants are associated with CVD risk factors in the Quebec Family Study (QFS). USF1 has been sequenced in 20 QFS subjects with high plasma apolipoprotein B100 (APOB) levels (>1.14 g/l) and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (> or =250.7 Angstroms and < or =255.9 Angstroms), as well as in five subjects with larger LDL particles. Ten variants were identified in non-coding regions of USF1. Two of these polymorphisms (intron 7 c.561-100 G>A, and exon 11 c.*187 C>T) as well as the c.-56 A>G polymorphism, were genotyped and analyzed in 760 subjects from QFS. Association studies showed that women with c.561-100 A/A and c.*187 T/T genotypes had more favorable adiposity indices (<0.04). In summary, significant associations between relatively common USF1 genetic variants and CVD risk factors were observed in French Canadians.
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8
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Chen L, Shen YH, Wang X, Wang J, Gan Y, Chen N, Wang J, LeMaire SA, Coselli JS, Wang XL. Human prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha(I) transcription is mediated by upstream stimulatory factors. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:10849-55. [PMID: 16488890 PMCID: PMC2819823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511237200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha(I) (P4Halpha(I)) is the rate-limiting subunit for P4H enzyme activity, which is essential for procollagen hydroxylation and secretion. In the current study, we have characterized the human P4Halpha(I) promoter for transcription factors and DNA elements regulating P4Halpha(I) expression. Using a progressive deletion cloning approach, we have constructed pGL3-P4Halpha(I) recombinant plasmids. We have identified a positive regulatory region at the positions of bp -184 to -97 responsible for approximately 80% of the P4Halpha(I) promoter efficiency. Three E-boxes were located within this region, and the E-box at position bp -135 explains most of the regulatory capacity. Upstream stimulatory factors (USF1/USF2) were shown to bind on the E-box using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Suppression of USF1 and/or USF2 using specific short interference RNA resulted in a significant reduction in P4Halpha(I) promoter activity, and overexpressed USF1 or USF2 increased P4Halpha(I) promoter activity significantly. Although transforming growth factor beta1 increased the USF1/USF2-E-box binding and P4Halpha(I) promoter activity, this up-regulatory effect can be largely prevented by USF1/USF2-specific short interference RNA. On the other hand, cigarette smoking extracts, which have been shown to suppress P4Halpha(I) expression, inhibited the binding between the USF1/USF2 and E-box, resulting in a reduced P4Halpha(I) promoter activity. Furthermore, the E-box on the P4Halpha(I) promoter appeared to indiscriminately bind with either USF1 or USF2, with a similar outcome on the promoter efficiency. In conclusion, our study shows that USF1/USF2 plays a critical role in basal P4Halpha(I) expression, and both positive (transforming growth factor beta1) and negative (cigarette smoking extract) regulators appear to influence the USF-E-box interaction and affect P4Halpha(I) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jing Wang
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yehua Gan
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nanyue Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Scott A. LeMaire
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joseph S. Coselli
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xing Li Wang
- Section of Adult Cardiothoracic Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: NAB 2010, One Baylor Plaza, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. Tel.: 713-798-5485; Fax: 713-798-1705;
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Corre S, Galibert MD. Upstream stimulating factors: highly versatile stress-responsive transcription factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 18:337-48. [PMID: 16162174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Upstream stimulating factors (USF), USF-1 and USF-2, are members of the eucaryotic evolutionary conserved basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-Leucine Zipper transcription factor family. They interact with high affinity to cognate E-box regulatory elements (CANNTG), which are largely represented across the whole genome in eucaryotes. The ubiquitously expressed USF-transcription factors participate in distinct transcriptional processes, mediating recruitment of chromatin remodelling enzymes and interacting with co-activators and members of the transcription pre-initiation complex. Results obtained from both cell lines and knock-out mice indicates that USF factors are key regulators of a wide number of gene regulation networks, including the stress and immune responses, cell cycle and proliferation, lipid and glucid metabolism, and in melanocytes USF-1 has been implicated as a key UV-activated regulator of genes associated with pigmentation. This review will focus on general characteristics of the USF-transcription factors and their place in some regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Corre
- CNRS UMR 6061 Laboratoire de Génétique et Développement, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes-1, Rennes Cedex, France
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Ocejo-Garcia M, Baokbah TAS, Ashurst HL, Cowlishaw D, Soomro I, Coulson JM, Woll PJ. Roles for USF-2 in lung cancer proliferation and bronchial carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2005; 206:151-9. [PMID: 15856526 DOI: 10.1002/path.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The upstream stimulatory factors USF-1 and USF-2 dimerize to regulate transcription through E-box motifs in target genes. Although widely expressed, they can mediate tissue-specific transcription and we previously reported that USF-2 can enhance transcription of arginine vasopressin, a neuropeptide growth factor in small cell lung cancer. Here we determine the expression and role of USF-2 in lung cancer subtypes and examine USF-2 distribution in the bronchial epithelium. For a panel of 12 cell lines and 10 frozen human tumour samples, immunoblotting demonstrated that USF-2 expression was more frequent and abundant in small cell lung cancer than in non-small cell lung cancer. An immunohistochemical study of 108 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human samples was undertaken to localize USF-2 expression and included 44 small cell and 32 non-small cell lung cancers, and 32 samples with bronchial dysplasia. USF-2 was restricted to ciliated cells in normal bronchial epithelium, but was more strongly expressed in dysplastic epithelium (72%) and certain lung cancer types, including small cell lung cancer (71%), squamous cell carcinoma (69%) and a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, but was less common in adenocarcinoma (11%). In a small series, expression was assessed adjacent to positively staining tumours; in phenotypically normal bronchial tissues, USF-2 was more highly expressed at 1 cm than at 5 cm from the tumour. Transient USF-2 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines significantly stimulated in vitro cell proliferation; this response was most apparent for NCI-H460 (p < 0.005), reducing the mean cell doubling time from 19 to 16 h. Dominant-negative USF-2 mutants had no significant effect on cell growth. Taken together, these data suggest that USF-2 represents a relatively early molecular marker for the development of bronchial dysplasia and non-adenocarcinoma lung cancer. USF may also play a role in bronchial carcinogenesis, perhaps through promoting cell proliferation, although the genes through which this is regulated remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ocejo-Garcia
- Cancer Research UK Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Furihata T, Hosokawa M, Satoh T, Chiba K. Synergistic role of specificity proteins and upstream stimulatory factor 1 in transactivation of the mouse carboxylesterase 2/microsomal acylcarnitine hydrolase gene promoter. Biochem J 2005; 384:101-10. [PMID: 15283701 PMCID: PMC1134093 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse carboxylesterase 2 (mCES2), a microsomal acylcarnitine hydrolase, is thought to play some important roles in fatty acid (ester) metabolism, and it is therefore thought that the level of transcription of the mCES2 gene is under tight control. Examination of the tissue expression profiles revealed that mCES2 is expressed in the liver, kidney, small intestine, brain, thymus, lung, adipose tissue and testis. When the mCES2 promoter was cloned and characterized, it was revealed that Sp1 (specificity protein 1) and Sp3 could bind to a GC box, that USF (upstream stimulatory factor) 1 could bind to an E (enhancer) box, and that Sp1 could bind to an NFkappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) element in the mCES2 promoter. Co-transfection assays showed that all of these transcription factors contributed synergistically to transactivation of the mCES2 promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that Sp1, Sp3 and USF1 are indispensable factors for transactivation of the mCES2 gene promoter. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which transcription factors that interact with a CES2 family gene have been identified. The results of the present study have provided some clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mCES2 gene expression, and should be useful for studies aimed at elucidation of physiological functions of mCES2.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Flanking Region/genetics
- Animals
- COS Cells/chemistry
- COS Cells/metabolism
- Carboxylesterase
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Drosophila/cytology
- Drosophila/genetics
- E-Box Elements/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- GC Rich Sequence/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microsomes/enzymology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp3 Transcription Factor
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcriptional Activation/genetics
- Upstream Stimulatory Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| | - Tetsuo Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kan Chiba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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