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Soul J, Carlsson E, Hofmann SR, Russ S, Hawkes J, Schulze F, Sergon M, Pablik J, Abraham S, Hedrich CM. Tissue gene expression profiles and communication networks inform candidate blood biomarker identification in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Clin Immunol 2024; 265:110283. [PMID: 38880200 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Overlapping clinical and pathomechanistic features can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Spatial transcriptomics allows the identification of disease- and cell-specific molecular signatures that may advance biomarker development and future treatments. This study identified transcriptional signatures in keratinocytes and sub-basal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients with psoriasis and AD. In silico prediction of ligand:receptor interactions delivered key signalling pathways (interferon, effector T cells, stroma cell and matrix biology, neuronal development, etc.). Targeted validation of selected transcripts, including CCL22, RELB, and JUND, in peripheral blood T cells suggests the chosen approach as a promising tool also in other inflammatory diseases. Psoriasis and AD are characterized by transcriptional dysregulation in T cells and keratinocytes that may be targeted therapeutically. Spatial transcriptomics is a valuable tool in the search for molecular signatures that can be used as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soul
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Carlsson
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S R Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Sergon
- Institut of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Pablik
- Institut of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Abraham
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C M Hedrich
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Zhang S, Zhong J, Xu L, Wu Y, Xu J, Shi J, Gu Z, Li X, Jin N. Truncated Dyrk1A aggravates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14493. [PMID: 37864462 PMCID: PMC11017436 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aggravated neuronal loss, caused mainly by neuronal apoptosis, is observed in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and animal models of AD. A truncated form of Dual-specific and tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) plays a vital role in AD pathogenesis. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL is tightly correlated with neuronal loss in AD. However, the molecular regulation of neuronal apoptosis and Bcl-x expression by Dyrk1A in AD remains largely elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of Dyrk1A in apoptosis. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to check apoptosis. The cells, transfected with Dyrk1A or/and ASF with Bcl-x minigene, were used to assay Bcl-x expression by RT-PCR and Western blots. Co-immunoprecipitation, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence were conducted to check the interaction of ASF and Dyrk1A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of apoptosis-related genes was performed in mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A) and AD model 5xFAD mice. RESULTS Dyrk1A promoted Bcl-xS expression and apoptosis. Splicing factor ASF promoted Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion, leading to increased Bcl-xL expression. Dyrk1A suppressed ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion via phosphorylation. The C-terminus deletion of Dyrk1A facilitated its binding and kinase activity to ASF. Moreover, Dyrk1a1-483 further suppressed the ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion and aggravated apoptosis. The truncated Dyrk1A, increased Bcl-xS, and enrichment of apoptosis-related genes was observed in the brain of 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that increased Dyrk1A and truncated Dyrk1A may aggravate neuronal apoptosis by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS via phosphorylating ASF in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical College‐Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Lian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhikai Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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3
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Fu Z, Xiang Y, Fu Y, Su Z, Tan Y, Yang M, Yan Y, Baghaei Daemi H, Shi Y, Xie S, Sun L, Peng G. DYRK1A is a multifunctional host factor that regulates coronavirus replication in a kinase-independent manner. J Virol 2024; 98:e0123923. [PMID: 38099687 PMCID: PMC10805018 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01239-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a major threat to human and animal health worldwide, which complete viral replication by hijacking host factors. Identifying host factors essential for the viral life cycle can deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of virus-host interactions. Based on our previous genome-wide CRISPR screen of α-CoV transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), we identified the host factor dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), but not DYRK1B, as a critical factor in TGEV replication. Rescue assays and kinase inhibitor experiments revealed that the effect of DYRK1A on viral replication is independent of its kinase activity. Nuclear localization signal modification experiments showed that nuclear DYRK1A facilitated virus replication. Furthermore, DYRK1A knockout significantly downregulated the expression of the TGEV receptor aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) and inhibited viral entry. Notably, we also demonstrated that DYRK1A is essential for the early stage of TGEV replication. Transmission electron microscopy results indicated that DYRK1A contributes to the formation of double-membrane vesicles in a kinase-independent manner. Finally, we validated that DYRK1A is also a proviral factor for mouse hepatitis virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and porcine sapelovirus. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that DYRK1A is an essential host factor for the replication of multiple viruses, providing new insights into the mechanism of virus-host interactions and facilitating the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.IMPORTANCECoronaviruses, like other positive-sense RNA viruses, can remodel the host membrane to form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) as their replication organelles. Currently, host factors involved in DMV formation are not well defined. In this study, we used transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as a virus model to investigate the regulatory mechanism of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) on coronavirus. Results showed that DYRK1A significantly inhibited TGEV replication in a kinase-independent manner. DYRK1A knockout (KO) can regulate the expression of receptor aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) and endocytic-related genes to inhibit virus entry. More importantly, our results revealed that DYRK1A KO notably inhibited the formation of DMV to regulate the virus replication. Further data proved that DYRK1A is also essential in the replication of mouse hepatitis virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and porcine sapelovirus. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that DYRK1A is a conserved factor for positive-sense RNA viruses and provided new insights into its transcriptional regulation activity, revealing its potential as a candidate target for therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhelin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yubei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuejun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
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4
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Hawley LE, Stringer M, Deal AJ, Folz A, Goodlett CR, Roper RJ. Sex-specific developmental alterations in DYRK1A expression in the brain of a Down syndrome mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106359. [PMID: 37992782 PMCID: PMC10843801 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neurodevelopment in Down syndrome (DS)-caused by triplication of human chromosome 21-is commonly attributed to gene dosage imbalance, linking overexpression of trisomic genes with disrupted developmental processes, with DYRK1A particularly implicated. We hypothesized that regional brain DYRK1A protein overexpression in trisomic mice varies over development in sex-specific patterns that may be distinct from Dyrk1a transcription, and reduction of Dyrk1a copy number from 3 to 2 in otherwise trisomic mice reduces DYRK1A, independent of other trisomic genes. DYRK1A overexpression varied with age, sex, and brain region, with peak overexpression on postnatal day (P) 6 in both sexes. Sex-dependent differences were also evident from P15-P24. Reducing Dyrk1a copy number confirmed that these differences depended on Dyrk1a gene dosage and not other trisomic genes. Trisomic Dyrk1a mRNA and protein expression were not highly correlated. Sex-specific patterns of DYRK1A overexpression during trisomic neurodevelopment may provide mechanistic targets for therapeutic intervention in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hawley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Megan Stringer
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, LD124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Abigail J Deal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrew Folz
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, LD124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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5
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Roth JF, Braunschweig U, Wu M, Li JD, Lin ZY, Larsen B, Weatheritt RJ, Gingras AC, Blencowe BJ. Systematic analysis of alternative exon-dependent interactome remodeling reveals multitasking functions of gene regulatory factors. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4222-4238.e10. [PMID: 38065061 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing significantly expands biological complexity, particularly in the vertebrate nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that developmental and tissue-dependent alternative exons often control protein-protein interactions; yet, only a minor fraction of these events have been characterized. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS), we show that approximately 60% of analyzed neural-differential exons in proteins previously implicated in transcriptional regulation result in the gain or loss of interaction partners, which in some cases form unexpected links with coupled processes. Notably, a neural exon in Chtop regulates its interaction with the Prmt1 methyltransferase and DExD-Box helicases Ddx39b/a, affecting its methylation and activity in promoting RNA export. Additionally, a neural exon in Sap30bp affects interactions with RNA processing factors, modulating a critical function of Sap30bp in promoting the splicing of <100 nt "mini-introns" that control nuclear RNA levels. AP-MS is thus a powerful approach for elucidating the multifaceted functions of proteins imparted by context-dependent alternative exons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Roth
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Mingkun Wu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jack Daiyang Li
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brett Larsen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Robert J Weatheritt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Yadav AS, Ooi CH, An H, Nguyen NT, Kijanka GS. Protein array processing software for automated semiquantitative analysis of serum antibody repertoires. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:054101. [PMID: 37720302 PMCID: PMC10505068 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Effective immunotherapies activate natural antitumor immune responses in patients undergoing treatment. The ability to monitor immune activation in response to immunotherapy is critical in measuring treatment efficacy over time and across patient cohorts. Protein arrays are systematically arranged, large collections of annotated proteins on planar surfaces, which can be used for the characterization of disease-specific and treatment-induced antibody repertoires in individuals undergoing immunotherapy. However, the absence of appropriate image analysis and data processing software presents a substantial hurdle, limiting the uptake of this approach in immunotherapy research. We developed a first, automated semiquantitative open-source software package for the analysis of widely used protein macroarrays. The software allows accurate single array and inter-array comparative studies through the tackling of intra-array inconsistencies arising from experimental disparities. The innovative and automated image analysis process includes adaptive positioning, background identification and subtraction, removal of null signals, robust statistical analysis, and protein pair validation. The normalized values allow a convenient semiquantitative data analysis of different samples or timepoints. Enabling accurate characterization of sample series to identify disease-specific immune profiles or their relative changes in response to treatment may serve as a diagnostic or predictive tool of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh Yadav
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Gregor S. Kijanka
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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A critical update on the strategies towards small molecule inhibitors targeting Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and Serine/arginine-rich proteins related kinases in alternative splicing. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116921. [PMID: 35863237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
>90% of genes in the human body undergo alternative splicing (AS) after transcription, which enriches protein species and regulates protein levels. However, there is growing evidence that various genetic isoforms resulting from dysregulated alternative splicing are prevalent in various types of cancers. Dysregulated alternative splicing leads to cancer generation and maintenance of cancer properties such as proliferation differentiation, apoptosis inhibition, invasion metastasis, and angiogenesis. Serine/arginine-rich proteins and SR protein-associated kinases mediate splice site recognition and splice complex assembly during variable splicing. Based on the impact of dysregulated alternative splicing on disease onset and progression, the search for small molecule inhibitors targeting alternative splicing is imminent. In this review, we discuss the structure and specific biological functions of SR proteins and describe the regulation of SR protein function by SR protein related kinases meticulously, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of cancers. On this basis, we summarize the reported small molecule inhibitors targeting SR proteins and SR protein related kinases from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. We mainly categorize small molecule inhibitors from four aspects, including targeting SR proteins, targeting Serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinases (SRPKs), targeting Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) and targeting dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs), in terms of structure, inhibition target, specific mechanism of action, biological activity, and applicable diseases. With this review, we are expected to provide a timely summary of recent advances in alternative splicing regulated by kinases and a preliminary introduction to relevant small molecule inhibitors.
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Atas-Ozcan H, Brault V, Duchon A, Herault Y. Dyrk1a from Gene Function in Development and Physiology to Dosage Correction across Life Span in Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1833. [PMID: 34828439 PMCID: PMC8624927 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disabilities with a large set of comorbidities from developmental origins but also that appeared across life span. Investigation of the genetic overdosage found in Down syndrome, due to the trisomy of human chromosome 21, has pointed to one main driver gene, the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a). Dyrk1a is a murine homolog of the drosophila minibrain gene. It has been found to be involved in many biological processes during development and in adulthood. Further analysis showed its haploinsufficiency in mental retardation disease 7 and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. DYRK1A plays a role in major developmental steps of brain development, controlling the proliferation of neural progenitors, the migration of neurons, their dendritogenesis and the function of the synapse. Several strategies targeting the overdosage of DYRK1A in DS with specific kinase inhibitors have showed promising evidence that DS cognitive conditions can be alleviated. Nevertheless, providing conditions for proper temporal treatment and to tackle the neurodevelopmental and the neurodegenerative aspects of DS across life span is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Atas-Ozcan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Celphedia, Phenomin-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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9
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Sorg UR, Küpper N, Mock J, Tersteegen A, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K. Lymphotoxin-β-receptor (LTβR) signaling on hepatocytes is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1147-1154. [PMID: 34087963 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin-β-receptor deficient (LTβR-/-) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55 deficient (TNFRp55-/-) mice show defects in liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PHx) with significantly increased mortality. LTβR and TNFRp55 belong to the core members of the TNF/TNFR superfamily. Interestingly, combined failure of LTβR and TNFRp55 signaling after PHx leads to a complete defect in LR. Here, we first addressed the question which liver cell population crucially requires LTβR signaling for efficient LR. To this end, mice with a conditionally targeted LTβR allele (LTβRfl/fl) were crossed to AlbuminCre and LysozymeMCre mouse lines to unravel the function of the LTβR on hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages/Kupffer cells, respectively. Analysis of these mouse lines clearly reveals that LTβR is required on hepatocytes for efficient LR while no deficit in LR was found in LTβRfl/fl × LysMCre mice. Second, the molecular basis for the cooperating role of LTβR and TNFRp55 signaling pathways in LR was investigated by transcriptome analysis of etanercept treated LTβR-/- (LTβR-/-/ET) mice. Bioinformatic analysis and subsequent verification by qRT-PCR identified novel target genes (Cyclin-L2, Fas-Binding factor 1, interferon-related developmental regulator 1, Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase 2, and galectin-4) that are upregulated by LTβR/TNFRp55 signaling after PHx and fail to be upregulated after PHx in LTβR-/-/ET mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula R Sorg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Küpper
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Mock
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Tersteegen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Current address: Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Chen S, Yang C, Wang ZW, Hu JF, Pan JJ, Liao CY, Zhang JQ, Chen JZ, Huang Y, Huang L, Zhan Q, Tian YF, Shen BY, Wang YD. CLK1/SRSF5 pathway induces aberrant exon skipping of METTL14 and Cyclin L2 and promotes growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:60. [PMID: 33849617 PMCID: PMC8045197 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both aberrant alternative splicing and m6A methylation play complicated roles in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC), while the relationship between these two RNA modifications remains unclear. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using 15 pairs of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and corresponding normal tissues, and Cdc2-like kinases 1 (CLK1) was identified as a significantly upregulated alternative splicing related gene. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting were applied to determine the CLK1 levels. The prognostic value of CLK1 was elucidated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses in two independent PDAC cohorts. The functional characterizations and mechanistic insights of CLK1 in PDAC growth and metastasis were evaluated with PDAC cell lines and nude mice. SR-like splicing factors5250-Ser (SRSF5250-Ser) was identified as an important target phosphorylation site by phosphorylation mass spectrometry. Through transcriptome sequencing, Methyltransferase-like 14exon10 (METTL14exon10) and Cyclin L2exon6.3 skipping were identified as key alternative splicing events regulated by the CLK1-SRSF5 axis. RIP assays, RNA-pulldown and CLIP-qPCR were performed to confirm molecular interactions and the precise binding sites. The roles of the shift of METTL14exon 10 and Cyclin L2exon6.3 skipping were surveyed. Results CLK1 expression was significantly increased in PDAC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. High CLK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Elevated CLK1 expression promoted growth and metastasis of PC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CLK1 enhanced phosphorylation on SRSF5250-Ser, which inhibited METTL14exon10 skipping while promoted Cyclin L2exon6.3 skipping. In addition, aberrant METTL14exon 10 skipping enhanced the N6-methyladenosine modification level and metastasis, while aberrant Cyclin L2exon6.3 promoted proliferation of PDAC cells. Conclusions The CLK1/SRSF5 pathway induces aberrant exon skipping of METTL14 and Cyclin L2, which promotes growth and metastasis and regulates m6A methylation of PDAC cells. This study suggests the potential prognostic value and therapeutic targeting of this pathway in PDAC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-021-01072-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Can Yang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Wei Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fei Hu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Pan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yu Liao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Zhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Tian
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Yong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao-Dong Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, No. 134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Pastor F, Shkreta L, Chabot B, Durantel D, Salvetti A. Interplay Between CMGC Kinases Targeting SR Proteins and Viral Replication: Splicing and Beyond. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658721. [PMID: 33854493 PMCID: PMC8040976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation constitutes a major post-translational modification that critically regulates the half-life, intra-cellular distribution, and activity of proteins. Among the large number of kinases that compose the human kinome tree, those targeting RNA-binding proteins, in particular serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, play a major role in the regulation of gene expression by controlling constitutive and alternative splicing. In humans, these kinases belong to the CMGC [Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs), and Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs)] group and several studies indicate that they also control viral replication via direct or indirect mechanisms. The aim of this review is to describe known and emerging activities of CMGC kinases that share the common property to phosphorylate SR proteins, as well as their interplay with different families of viruses, in order to advance toward a comprehensive knowledge of their pro- or anti-viral phenotype and better assess possible translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Pastor
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Lulzim Shkreta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Durantel
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
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12
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Rosales M, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Besada V, Ramón AC, Pérez GV, Ramos Y, Guirola O, González LJ, Zettl K, Wiśniewski JR, Perera Y, Perea SE. Phosphoproteomic Landscape of AML Cells Treated with the ATP-Competitive CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020338. [PMID: 33562780 PMCID: PMC7915770 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) regulates a plethora of proteins with pivotal roles in solid and hematological neoplasia. Particularly, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) CK2 has been pointed as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker. Here, we explored the impact of CK2 inhibition over the phosphoproteome of two cell lines representing major AML subtypes. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis was conducted to evaluate changes in phosphorylation levels after incubation with the ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. Functional enrichment, network analysis, and database mining were performed to identify biological processes, signaling pathways, and CK2 substrates that are responsive to CX-4945. A total of 273 and 1310 phosphopeptides were found differentially modulated in HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cells, respectively. Despite regulated phosphopeptides belong to proteins involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways, most of these perturbations can be explain by direct CK2 inhibition rather than off-target effects. Furthermore, CK2 substrates regulated by CX-4945 are mainly related to mRNA processing, translation, DNA repair, and cell cycle. Overall, we evidenced that CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 impinge on mediators of signaling pathways and biological processes essential for primary AML cells survival and chemosensitivity, reinforcing the rationale behind the pharmacologic blockade of protein kinase CK2 for AML targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rosales
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana 10400, Cuba;
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Ailyn C. Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - George V. Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Luis J. González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Munich, Germany; (K.Z.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Munich, Germany; (K.Z.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.E.P.)
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13
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Tatum NJ, Endicott JA. Chatterboxes: the structural and functional diversity of cyclins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:4-20. [PMID: 32414682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the cyclin family have divergent sequences and execute diverse roles within the cell while sharing a common fold: the cyclin box domain. Structural studies of cyclins have played a key role in our characterization and understanding of cellular processes that they control, though to date only ten of the 29 CDK-activating cyclins have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy with or without their cognate kinases. In this review, we survey the available structures of human cyclins, highlighting their molecular features in the context of their cellular roles. We pay particular attention to how cyclin activity is regulated through fine control of degradation motif recognition and ubiquitination. Finally, we discuss the emergent roles of cyclins independent of their roles as cyclin-dependent protein kinase activators, demonstrating the cyclin box domain to be a versatile and generalized scaffolding domain for protein-protein interactions across the cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Tatum
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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14
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Loyer P, Trembley JH. Roles of CDK/Cyclin complexes in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing: Cyclins L and CDK11 at the cross-roads of cell cycle and regulation of gene expression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:36-45. [PMID: 32446654 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) represent a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a Cyclin regulatory partner. CDK/cyclin complexes recently identified, as well as "canonical" CDK/Cyclin complexes regulating cell cycle, are implicated in the regulation of gene expression via the phosphorylation of key components of the transcription and pre-mRNA processing machineries. In this review, we summarize the role of CDK/cyclin-dependent phosphorylation in the regulation of transcription and RNA splicing and highlight recent findings that indicate the involvement of CDK11/cyclin L complexes at the cross-roads of cell cycle, transcription and RNA splicing. Finally, we discuss the potential of CDK11 and Cyclins L as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Loyer
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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15
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Kisaka JK, Ratner L, Kyei GB. The Dual-Specificity Kinase DYRK1A Modulates the Levels of Cyclin L2 To Control HIV Replication in Macrophages. J Virol 2020; 94:e01583-19. [PMID: 31852782 PMCID: PMC7158737 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01583-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV replication in macrophages contributes to the latent viral reservoirs, which are considered the main barrier to HIV eradication. Few cellular factors that facilitate HIV replication in latently infected cells are known. We previously identified cyclin L2 as a critical factor required by HIV-1 and found that depletion of cyclin L2 attenuates HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Here we demonstrate that cyclin L2 promotes HIV-1 replication through interactions with the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). Cyclin L2 and DYRK1A were colocalized in the nucleus and were found together in immunoprecipitation experiments. Knockdown or inhibition of DYRK1A increased HIV-1 replication in macrophages, while depletion of cyclin L2 decreased HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, depletion of DYRK1A increased expression levels of cyclin L2. DYRK1A is a proline-directed kinase that phosphorylates cyclin L2 at serine residues. Mutations of cyclin L2 at serine residues preceding proline significantly stabilized cyclin L2 and increased HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Thus, we propose that DYRK1A controls cyclin L2 expression, leading to restriction of HIV replication in macrophages.IMPORTANCE HIV continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, with over 36 million people living with the virus. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus, it does not provide cure. The virus hides in the genomes of long-lived cells, such as resting CD4+ T cells and differentiated macrophages. To get a cure for HIV, it is important to identify and characterize the cellular factors that control HIV multiplication in these reservoir cells. Previous work showed that cyclin L2 is required for HIV replication in macrophages. However, how cyclin L2 is regulated in macrophages is unknown. Here we show that the protein DYRK1A interacts with and phosphorylates cyclin L2. Phosphorylation makes cyclin L2 amenable to cellular degradation, leading to restriction of HIV replication in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javan K Kisaka
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - George B Kyei
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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16
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Taylor J, Lee SC. Mutations in spliceosome genes and therapeutic opportunities in myeloid malignancies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:889-902. [PMID: 31334570 PMCID: PMC6852509 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of RNA splicing more than 40 years ago, our comprehension of the molecular events orchestrating constitutive and alternative splicing has greatly improved. Dysregulation of pre-mRNA splicing has been observed in many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The recent identification of frequent somatic mutations in core components of the spliceosome in myeloid malignancies and functional analysis using model systems has advanced our knowledge of how splicing alterations contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the mechanisms of how mutant splicing factors impact splicing and the resulting functional and pathophysiological consequences. We also review recent advances to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting splicing catalysis and splicing regulatory proteins, and discuss emerging technologies using oligonucleotide-based therapies to modulate pathogenically spliced isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
- Leukemia Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Stanley C. Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
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17
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Cao H, Li D, Lu H, Sun J, Li H. Uncovering potential lncRNAs and nearby mRNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1795-1809. [PMID: 31755746 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to find potential differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials & methods: Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were obtained in the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Functional annotation of differentially expressed mRNAs was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Then, the interaction network of lncRNA-nearby targeted mRNA was built. Results: Several interaction pairs of lncRNA-nearby targeted mRNA including NRIR-RSAD2, RP11-153M7.5-TLR2, RP4-758J18.2-CCNL2, RP11-69E11.4-PABPC4 and RP11-496I9.1-IRF7/HRAS/PHRF1 were identified. Measles and MAPK were significantly enriched signaling pathways of differentially expressed mRNAs. Conclusion: Our study identified several differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. And their interactions may play a crucial role in the process of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology & Sexology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Huixiu Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
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Roewenstrunk J, Di Vona C, Chen J, Borras E, Dong C, Arató K, Sabidó E, Huen MSY, de la Luna S. A comprehensive proteomics-based interaction screen that links DYRK1A to RNF169 and to the DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6014. [PMID: 30979931 PMCID: PMC6461666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the DYRK1A protein kinase has been associated with human disease. On the one hand, its overexpression in trisomy 21 has been linked to certain pathological traits of Down syndrome, while on the other, inactivating mutations in just one allele are responsible for a distinct yet rare clinical syndrome, DYRK1A haploinsufficiency. Moreover, altered expression of this kinase may also provoke other human pathologies, including cancer and diabetes. Although a few DYRK1A substrates have been described, its upstream regulators and downstream targets are still poorly understood, an information that could shed light on the functions of DYRK1A in the cell. Here, we carried out a proteomic screen using antibody-based affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to identify proteins that directly or indirectly bind to endogenous DYRK1A. We show that the use of a cell line not expressing DYRK1A, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, was needed in order to discriminate between true positives and non-specific interactions. Most of the proteins identified in the screen are novel candidate DYRK1A interactors linked to a variety of activities in the cell. The in-depth characterization of DYRK1A's functional interaction with one of them, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF169, revealed a role for this kinase in the DNA damage response. We found that RNF169 is a DYRK1A substrate and we identified several of its phosphorylation sites. In particular, one of these sites appears to modify the ability of RNF169 to displace 53BP1 from sites of DNA damage. Indeed, DYRK1A depletion increases cell sensitivity to ionizing irradiation. Therefore, our unbiased proteomic screen has revealed a novel activity of DYRK1A, expanding the complex role of this kinase in controlling cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Roewenstrunk
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Borras
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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CDK11 Loss Induces Cell Cycle Dysfunction and Death of BRAF and NRAS Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020050. [PMID: 30987032 PMCID: PMC6631185 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is a protein kinase that regulates RNA transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, mitosis, and cell death. Targeting of CDK11 expression levels is effective in the experimental treatment of breast and other cancers, but these data are lacking in melanoma. To understand CDK11 function in melanoma, we evaluated protein and RNA levels of CDK11, Cyclin L1 and Cyclin L2 in benign melanocytes and BRAF- as well as NRAS-mutant melanoma cell lines. We investigated the effectiveness of reducing expression of this survival kinase using RNA interference on viability, clonal survival, and tumorsphere formation in melanoma cell lines. We examined the impact of CDK11 loss in BRAF-mutant melanoma on more than 700 genes important in cancer signaling pathways. Follow-up analysis evaluated how CDK11 loss alters cell cycle function in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma cells. We present data on CDK11, CCNL1 and CCNL2 mRNA expression in melanoma patients, including prognosis for survival. In sum, we found that CDK11 is necessary for melanoma cell survival, and a major impact of CDK11 loss in melanoma is to cause disruption of the cell cycle distribution with accumulation of G1- and loss of G2/M-phase cancer cells.
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Arbones ML, Thomazeau A, Nakano-Kobayashi A, Hagiwara M, Delabar JM. DYRK1A and cognition: A lifelong relationship. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:199-221. [PMID: 30268771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dosage of the serine threonine kinase DYRK1A is critical in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and aging. This review analyzes the functions of this kinase by considering its interacting partners and pathways. The role of DYRK1A in controlling the differentiation of prenatal newly formed neurons is presented separately from its role at the pre- and post-synaptic levels in the adult CNS; its effects on synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Because this kinase is positioned at the crossroads of many important processes, genetic dosage errors in this protein produce devastating effects arising from DYRK1A deficiency, such as in MRD7, an autism spectrum disorder, or from DYRK1A excess, such as in Down syndrome. Effects of these errors have been shown in various animal models including Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Dysregulation of DYRK1A levels also occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, this review describes inhibitors that have been assessed in vivo. Accurate targeting of DYRK1A levels in the brain, with either inhibitors or activators, is a future research challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Arbones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aurore Thomazeau
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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Nguyen TL, Duchon A, Manousopoulou A, Loaëc N, Villiers B, Pani G, Karatas M, Mechling AE, Harsan LA, Limanton E, Bazureau JP, Carreaux F, Garbis SD, Meijer L, Herault Y. Correction of cognitive deficits in mouse models of Down syndrome by a pharmacological inhibitor of DYRK1A. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035634. [PMID: 30115750 PMCID: PMC6176987 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the implication of DYRK1A in the development of cognitive deficits seen in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We here demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of brain DYRK1A is able to correct recognition memory deficits in three DS mouse models with increasing genetic complexity [Tg(Dyrk1a), Ts65Dn, Dp1Yey], all expressing an extra copy of Dyrk1a Overexpressed DYRK1A accumulates in the cytoplasm and at the synapse. Treatment of the three DS models with the pharmacological DYRK1A inhibitor leucettine L41 leads to normalization of DYRK1A activity and corrects the novel object cognitive impairment observed in these models. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals that this cognitive improvement is paralleled by functional connectivity remodelling of core brain areas involved in learning/memory processes. The impact of Dyrk1a trisomy and L41 treatment on brain phosphoproteins was investigated by a quantitative phosphoproteomics method, revealing the implication of synaptic (synapsin 1) and cytoskeletal components involved in synaptic response and axonal organization. These results encourage the development of DYRK1A inhibitors as drug candidates to treat cognitive deficits associated with DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Lan Nguyen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Benoît Villiers
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Guillaume Pani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Meltem Karatas
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna E Mechling
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Limanton
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
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22
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Antonopoulou E, Ladomery M. Targeting Splicing in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051287. [PMID: 29693622 PMCID: PMC5983716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 95% of human genes are alternatively spliced, expressing splice isoforms that often exhibit antagonistic functions. We describe genes whose alternative splicing has been linked to prostate cancer; namely VEGFA, KLF6, BCL2L2, ERG, and AR. We discuss opportunities to develop novel therapies that target specific splice isoforms, or that target the machinery of splicing. Therapeutic approaches include the development of small molecule inhibitors of splice factor kinases, splice isoform specific siRNAs, and splice switching oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Antonopoulou
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Michael Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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Yin X, Jin N, Shi J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Liu F. Dyrk1A overexpression leads to increase of 3R-tau expression and cognitive deficits in Ts65Dn Down syndrome mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:619. [PMID: 28377597 PMCID: PMC5428843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of tau exon 10 generates tau isoforms with three or four microtubule-binding repeats, 3R-tau and 4R-tau, which is equally expressed in adult human brain. Imbalanced expression in 3R-tau and 4R-tau has been found in several sporadic and inherited tauopathies, suggesting that dysregulation of tau exon 10 is sufficient to cause neurodegenerative diseases. We previously reported that Dyrk1A, which is overexpressed in Down syndrome brains, regulates alternative splicing of exogenous tau exon 10. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of endogenous tau exon 10 splicing by Dyrk1A. We found that inhibition of Dyrk1A enhanced tau exon 10 inclusion, leading to an increase in 4R-tau/3R-tau ratio in differentiated-human neuronal progenitors and in the neonatal rat brains. Accompanied with overexpression of Dyrk1A, 3R-tau was increased and 4R-tau was decreased in the neonatal brains of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome. Treatment with Dyrk1A inhibitor, green tea flavonol epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), from gestation to adulthood suppressed 3R-tau expression and rescued anxiety and memory deficits in Ts65Dn mouse brains. Thus, Dyrk1A might be an ideal therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease, especially for Down syndrome and EGCG which inhibits Dyrk1A may have potential effect on the treatment or prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yin
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P. R. China
| | - Nana Jin
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yanchong Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China.
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24
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Pak V, Eifler TT, Jäger S, Krogan NJ, Fujinaga K, Peterlin BM. CDK11 in TREX/THOC Regulates HIV mRNA 3' End Processing. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:560-70. [PMID: 26567509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases play important roles in eukaryotic gene expression. CDK7, CDK9 (P-TEFb), and CDK13 are also critical for HIV replication. However, the function of CDK11 remained enigmatic. In this report, we determined that CDK11 regulates the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) of all viral transcripts. CDK11 was found associated with the TREX/THOC, which recruited this kinase to DNA. Once at the viral genome, CDK11 phosphorylated serines at position 2 in the CTD of RNAPII, which increased levels of CPA factors at the HIV 3' end. In its absence, cleavage of viral transcripts was greatly attenuated. In contrast, higher levels of CDK11 increased the length of HIV poly(A) tails and the stability of mature viral transcripts. We conclude that CDK11 plays a critical role for the cotranscriptional processing of all HIV mRNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Pak
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tristan T Eifler
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stefanie Jäger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Koh Fujinaga
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - B Matija Peterlin
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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25
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Upregulation of MicroRNA-214 Contributes to the Development of Vascular Remodeling in Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension Via Targeting CCNL2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24661. [PMID: 27381447 PMCID: PMC4933872 DOI: 10.1038/srep24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is characterized by vascular remodeling of blood vessels, is a significant complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we screened 13 candidate miRNAs in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) harvested from COPD patients with PH (n = 18) and normal controls (n = 15) and found that the expression of miR-214 was differentially expressed between these two groups. Additionally, cyclin L2 (CCNL2) was validated as a target of miR-214 in PASMCs using a luciferase assay. Based on real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot, the expression of CCNL2 was substantially downregulated in PASMCs from COPD patients with PH compared with those from normal controls. Moreover, the relationship between miRNA and mRNA expression was confirmed using real-time PCR and western blot in PASMCs transfected with miR-214 mimics. Furthermore, the introduction of miR-214 significantly promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing cell apoptosis, and this effect was mediated by the downregulation of CCNL2. Exposure of PASMCs to hypoxia significantly increased the expression of miR-214, decreased the expression of CCNL2, and promoted cell proliferation. However, these effects were significantly attenuated by the introduction of miR-214 inhibitors, which significantly downregulated miR-214 expression and upregulated CCNL2 expression.
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26
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Duchon A, Herault Y. DYRK1A, a Dosage-Sensitive Gene Involved in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Is a Target for Drug Development in Down Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:104. [PMID: 27375444 PMCID: PMC4891327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and cancer, leading to huge medical and social costs. Remarkable advances on DS research have been made in improving cognitive function in mouse models for future therapeutic approaches in patients. Among the different approaches, DYRK1A inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics to reduce DS cognitive deficits. DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in DS and plays a key role in neurogenesis, outgrowth of axons and dendrites, neuronal trafficking and aging. Its pivotal role in the DS phenotype makes it a prime target for the development of therapeutics. Recently, disruption of DYRK1A has been found in Autosomal Dominant Mental Retardation 7 (MRD7), resulting in severe mental deficiency. Recent advances in the development of kinase inhibitors are expected, in the near future, to remove DS from the list of incurable diseases, providing certain conditions such as drug dosage and correct timing for the optimum long-term treatment. In addition the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms that are targeted by the inhibition of DYRK1A are still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Groupement d'Intérêt Économique-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS, INSERMIllkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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27
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase CRK9, Required for Spliced Leader trans Splicing of Pre-mRNA in Trypanosomes, Functions in a Complex with a New L-Type Cyclin and a Kinetoplastid-Specific Protein. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005498. [PMID: 26954683 PMCID: PMC4783070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) control the cell cycle and critical steps in gene expression. The lethal parasite Trypanosoma brucei, member of the phylogenetic order Kinetoplastida, possesses eleven CDKs which, due to high sequence divergence, were generically termed CDC2-related kinases (CRKs). While several CRKs have been implied in the cell cycle, CRK9 was the first trypanosome CDK shown to control the unusual mode of gene expression found in kinetoplastids. In these organisms, protein-coding genes are arranged in tandem arrays which are transcribed polycistronically. Individual mRNAs are processed from precursor RNA by spliced leader (SL) trans splicing and polyadenylation. CRK9 ablation was lethal in cultured trypanosomes, causing a block of trans splicing before the first transesterification step. Additionally, CRK9 silencing led to dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and to hypomethylation of the SL cap structure. Here, we tandem affinity-purified CRK9 and, among potential CRK9 substrates and modifying enzymes, discovered an unusual tripartite complex comprising CRK9, a new L-type cyclin (CYC12) and a protein, termed CRK9-associated protein (CRK9AP), that is only conserved among kinetoplastids. Silencing of either CYC12 or CRK9AP reproduced the effects of depleting CRK9, identifying these proteins as functional partners of CRK9 in vivo. While mammalian cyclin L binds to CDK11, the CRK9 complex deviates substantially from that of CDK11, requiring CRK9AP for efficient CRK9 complex formation and autophosphorylation in vitro. Interference with this unusual CDK rescued mice from lethal trypanosome infections, validating CRK9 as a potential chemotherapeutic target.
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Shaikh MN, Gutierrez-Aviño F, Colonques J, Ceron J, Hämmerle B, Tejedor FJ. Minibrain drives the Dacapo dependent cell cycle exit of neurons in the Drosophila brain by promoting asense and prospero expression. Development 2016; 143:3195-205. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A key issue in neurodevelopment is to understand how precursor cells decide to stop dividing and commence their terminal differentiation at the correct time and place. Here, we show that minibrain (mnb), the Drosophila ortholog of the Down syndrome candidate gene MNB/DYRK1A, is transiently expressed in newborn neuronal precursors known as ganglion cells (GCs). Mnb promotes the cell cycle exit of GCs through a dual mechanism that regulates the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Dacapo, the homolog of vertebrate p27kip1. On the one hand, Mnb upregulates the expression of the proneural transcription factor (TF) Asense, which promotes Dacapo expression. On the other, Mnb induces the expression of Prospero, a homeodomain TF that in turn inhibits the expression of Deadpan, a pan-neural TF that represses dacapo. In addition to its effects on Asense and Prospero, Mnb also promotes the expression of the neuronal-specific RNA regulator Elav, strongly suggesting that Mnb facilitates neuronal differentiation. These actions of Mnb ensure the precise timing of neuronal birth, coupling the mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis, cell cycle control and terminal differentiation of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja N. Shaikh
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Colonques
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Julian Ceron
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Barbara Hämmerle
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tejedor
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
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29
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He J, Yao J, Sheng H, Zhu J. Involvement of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A-alternative splicing factor-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ signaling pathway in myocardial infarction-induced heart failure of rats. J Card Fail 2015; 21:751-60. [PMID: 26067684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing factor (ASF)-regulated alternative splicing of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) plays an important role in pathologic cardiac remodeling. ASF can be phosphorylated by dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A). This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of the Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKIIδ signaling pathway in the progression of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS MI in rats was induced by means of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Seven weeks after MI, the increase in left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd), and the decrease in both ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) indicated that MI rats had developed HF. Quantitative real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated the dysregulation of CaMKIIδ alternative splicing, ie, up-regulation of CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδC and down-regulation of CaMKIIδB in the hearts of HF rats. Electrophoresis and immunostaining revealed that HF activated the phosphorylation of ASF and affected its subcellular localization. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in the activity and expression of Dyrk1A in HF rats. Inversely, treatment of MI-induced HF rats with Dyrk1A inhibitor, either harmine or EGCG, improved the symptoms of HF, reversed the molecular changes of Dyrk1A and ASF, and regulated alternative splicing of CaMKIIδ in HF rats. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced activation of Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKIIδ signaling pathway may underlie the mechanisms of HF after MI, and Dyrk1A inhibition may contribute to inactivation of this pathway and thereby retard the progression of MI-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhuan Sheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Kren BT, Unger GM, Abedin MJ, Vogel RI, Henzler CM, Ahmed K, Trembley JH. Preclinical evaluation of cyclin dependent kinase 11 and casein kinase 2 survival kinases as RNA interference targets for triple negative breast cancer therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:19. [PMID: 25837326 PMCID: PMC4344788 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted therapies for aggressive breast cancers like triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are needed. The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to disable expression of survival genes provides a tool for killing these cancer cells. Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is a survival protein kinase that regulates RNA transcription, splicing and mitosis. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a survival protein kinase that suppresses cancer cell death. Eliminating the expression of these genes has potential therapeutic utility for breast cancer. Methods Expression levels of CDK11 and CK2 mRNAs and associated proteins were examined in breast cancer cell lines and tissue arrays. RNA expression levels of CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CCNL1, CCNL2, CSNK2A1, CSNK2A2, and CSNK2B genes in breast cancer subtypes were analyzed. Effects following transfection of siRNAs against CDK11 and CK2 in cultured cells were examined by viability and clonal survival assays and by RNA and protein measures. Uptake of tenfibgen (TBG) nanocapsules by TNBC cells was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. TBG nanocapsules delivered siRNAs targeting CDK11 or CK2 in mice carrying TNBC xenograft tumors. Transcript cleavage and response parameters were evaluated. Results We found strong CDK11 and CK2 mRNA and protein expression in most human breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of TNBC patient tissues showed 100% of tumors stained positive for CDK11 with high nuclear intensity compared to normal tissue. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis comparing basal to other breast cancer subtypes and to normal breast revealed statistically significant differences. Down-regulation of CDK11 and/or CK2 in breast cancer cells caused significant loss of cell viability and clonal survival, reduced relevant mRNA and protein expression, and induced cell death changes. TBG nanocapsules were taken up by TNBC cells both in culture and in xenograft tumors. Treatment with TBG- siRNA to CDK11 or TBG- siRNA to CK2αα’ nanocapsules induced appropriate cleavage of CDK11 and CK2α transcripts in TNBC tumors, and caused MDA-MB-231 tumor reduction, loss of proliferation, and decreased expression of targeted genes. Conclusions CDK11 and CK2 expression are individually essential for breast cancer cell survival, including TNBC. These genes serve as promising new targets for therapeutic development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy T Kren
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | | | - Md J Abedin
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Christine M Henzler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 117 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA ; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
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Kyei GB, Cheng X, Ramani R, Ratner L. Cyclin L2 is a critical HIV dependency factor in macrophages that controls SAMHD1 abundance. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 17:98-106. [PMID: 25532805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The restriction factor SAMHD1 limits HIV-1 replication in noncycling cells. SIV and HIV-2 overcome this restriction via the accessory protein Vpx, which targets SAMHD1 for degradation through interactions with the host ubiquitin ligase adaptor DCAF1. However, the factors used by HIV-1 to replicate in macrophages, despite the presence of the restriction factor SAMHD1, are unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified cyclin L2 as a DCAF1-interacting protein required for HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Knockdown of cyclin L2 results in severe attenuation of HIV-1 replication in macrophages but not cycling cells, and this effect is lost in the absence of SAMHD1. Cyclin L2 and SAMHD1 form a molecular complex that is partially dependent on the presence of DCAF1 and results in SAMHD1 degradation in a proteasome- and DCAF1-dependent manner. Therefore, cyclin L2-mediated control of SAMHD1 levels in macrophages supports HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Boateng Kyei
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rashmi Ramani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Fant X, Durieu E, Chicanne G, Payrastre B, Sbrissa D, Shisheva A, Limanton E, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP, Meijer L. cdc-like/dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases inhibitor leucettine L41 induces mTOR-dependent autophagy: implication for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:441-50. [PMID: 24366666 PMCID: PMC6067634 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucettines, a family of pharmacological inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases and cdc-like kinases (CLKs), are currently under investigation for their potential therapeutic application to Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. We here report that leucettine L41 triggers bona fide autophagy in osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells and immortalized mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, characterized by microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 membrane translocation and foci formation. Leucettine L41-triggered autophagy requires the Unc-51-like kinase and is sensitive to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and 3-methyladenine, suggesting that it acts through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/PI3K-dependent pathway. Leucettine L41 does not act by modifying the autophagic flux of vesicles. Leucettine L41-induced autophagy correlates best with inhibition of CLKs. Leucettine L41 modestly inhibited phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase, FYVE domain-containing activity as tested both in vitro and in vivo, which may also contribute to autophagy induction. Altogether these results demonstrate that leucettines can activate the autophagic mTOR/PI3K pathway, a characteristic that may turn advantageous in the context of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fant
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USR3151, "Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease," Station Biologique, Roscoff cedex, France (X.F., E.D.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Paul Sabatier Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, "Production et fonctions plaquettaires: signalisation et phosphoinositides" group, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse cedex, France (G.C., B.P.); Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (D.S., A.S.); Laboratoire Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique et Molécules pour le Vivant (ICMV), Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes cedex, France (E.L., F.C., J.-P.B.); and ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, Roscoff, Bretagne, France (L.M.)
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Kaczmarski W, Barua M, Mazur-Kolecka B, Frackowiak J, Dowjat W, Mehta P, Bolton D, Hwang YW, Rabe A, Albertini G, Wegiel J. Intracellular distribution of differentially phosphorylated dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:162-73. [PMID: 24327345 PMCID: PMC3951420 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is located within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21. DYRK1A interacts with a plethora of substrates in the cytosol, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. Its overexpression is a contributing factor to the developmental alterations and age-associated pathology observed in DS. We hypothesized that the intracellular distribution of DYRK1A and cell-compartment-specific functions are associated with DYRK1A posttranslational modifications. Fractionation showed that, in both human and mouse brain, almost 80% of DYRK1A was associated with the cytoskeleton, and the remaining DYRK1A was present in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that DYRK1A in the brain cytoskeleton fraction forms complexes with filamentous actin, neurofilaments, and tubulin. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the fractions revealed DYRK1A with distinct isoelectric points: 5.5-6.5 in the nucleus, 7.2-8.2 in the cytoskeleton, and 8.7 in the cytosol. Phosphate-affinity gel electrophoresis demonstrated several bands of DYRK1A with different mobility shifts for nuclear, cytoskeletal, and cytosolic DYRK1A, indicating modification by phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry analysis disclosed one phosphorylated site in the cytosolic DYRK1A and multiple phosphorylated residues in the cytoskeletal DYRK1A, including two not previously described. This study supports the hypothesis that intracellular distribution and compartment-specific functions of DYRK1A may depend on its phosphorylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kaczmarski
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Madhabi Barua
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Bozena Mazur-Kolecka
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Janusz Frackowiak
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Wieslaw Dowjat
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - David Bolton
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Ausma Rabe
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Giorgio Albertini
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele
Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
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Regulation of splicing by SR proteins and SR protein-specific kinases. Chromosoma 2013; 122:191-207. [PMID: 23525660 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genomic sequencing reveals similar but limited numbers of protein-coding genes in different genomes, which begs the question of how organismal diversities are generated. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing, a widespread phenomenon in higher eukaryotic genomes, is thought to provide a mechanism to increase the complexity of the proteome and introduce additional layers for regulating gene expression in different cell types and during development. Among a large number of factors implicated in the splicing regulation are the SR protein family of splicing factors and SR protein-specific kinases. Here, we summarize the rules for SR proteins to function as splicing regulators, which depend on where they bind in exons versus intronic regions, on alternative exons versus flanking competing exons, and on cooperative as well as competitive binding between different SR protein family members on many of those locations. We review the importance of cycles of SR protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the splicing reaction with emphasis on the recent molecular insight into the role of SR protein phosphorylation in early steps of spliceosome assembly. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries of SR protein-specific kinases in transducing growth signals to regulate alternative splicing in the nucleus and the connection of both SR proteins and SR protein kinases to human diseases, particularly cancer.
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Peri S, de Cicco RL, Santucci-Pereira J, Slifker M, Ross EA, Russo IH, Russo PA, Arslan AA, Belitskaya-Lévy I, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Bordas P, Lenner P, Åhman J, Afanasyeva Y, Johansson R, Sheriff F, Hallmans G, Toniolo P, Russo J. Defining the genomic signature of the parous breast. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:46. [PMID: 23057841 PMCID: PMC3487939 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is accepted that a woman's lifetime risk of developing breast cancer after menopause is reduced by early full term pregnancy and multiparity. This phenomenon is thought to be associated with the development and differentiation of the breast during pregnancy. Methods In order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of pregnancy induced breast cancer protection, we profiled and compared the transcriptomes of normal breast tissue biopsies from 71 parous (P) and 42 nulliparous (NP) healthy postmenopausal women using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. To validate the results, we performed real time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results We identified 305 differentially expressed probesets (208 distinct genes). Of these, 267 probesets were up- and 38 down-regulated in parous breast samples; bioinformatics analysis using gene ontology enrichment revealed that up-regulated genes in the parous breast represented biological processes involving differentiation and development, anchoring of epithelial cells to the basement membrane, hemidesmosome and cell-substrate junction assembly, mRNA and RNA metabolic processes and RNA splicing machinery. The down-regulated genes represented biological processes that comprised cell proliferation, regulation of IGF-like growth factor receptor signaling, somatic stem cell maintenance, muscle cell differentiation and apoptosis. Conclusions This study suggests that the differentiation of the breast imprints a genomic signature that is centered in the mRNA processing reactome. These findings indicate that pregnancy may induce a safeguard mechanism at post-transcriptional level that maintains the fidelity of the transcriptional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Peri
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Interaction of cyclin-dependent kinase 12/CrkRS with cyclin K1 is required for the phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:4691-704. [PMID: 22988298 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06267-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CrkRS (Cdc2-related kinase, Arg/Ser), or cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CKD12), is a serine/threonine kinase believed to coordinate transcription and RNA splicing. While CDK12/CrkRS complexes were known to phosphorylate the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II), the cyclin regulating this activity was not known. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified a 65-kDa isoform of cyclin K (cyclin K1) in endogenous CDK12/CrkRS protein complexes. We show that cyclin K1 complexes isolated from mammalian cells contain CDK12/CrkRS but do not contain CDK9, a presumed partner of cyclin K. Analysis of extensive RNA-Seq data shows that the 65-kDa cyclin K1 isoform is the predominantly expressed form across numerous tissue types. We also demonstrate that CDK12/CrkRS is dependent on cyclin K1 for its kinase activity and that small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of CDK12/CrkRS or cyclin K1 has similar effects on the expression of a luciferase reporter gene. Our data suggest that cyclin K1 is the primary cyclin partner for CDK12/CrkRS and that cyclin K1 is required to activate CDK12/CrkRS to phosphorylate the CTD of RNA Pol II. These properties are consistent with a role of CDK12/CrkRS in regulating gene expression through phosphorylation of RNA Pol II.
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Becker W. Emerging role of DYRK family protein kinases as regulators of protein stability in cell cycle control. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3389-94. [PMID: 22918246 PMCID: PMC3466549 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of protein kinases with key roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Members of the DYRK family phosphorylate many substrates, including critical regulators of the cell cycle. A recent report revealed that human DYRK2 acts as a negative regulator of G1/S transition by phosphorylating c-Jun and c-Myc, thereby inducing ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Other DYRKs also function as cell cycle regulators by modulating the turnover of their target proteins. DYRK1B can induce reversible cell arrest in a quiescent G0 state by targeting cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation and stabilizing p27 (Kip1). The DYRK2 ortholog of C. elegans, MBK-2, triggers the proteasomal destruction of oocyte proteins after meiosis to allow the mitotic divisions in embryo development. This review summarizes the accumulating results that provide evidence for a general role of DYRKs in the regulation of protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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38
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Xu F, Xu S, Wiermer M, Zhang Y, Li X. The cyclin L homolog MOS12 and the MOS4-associated complex are required for the proper splicing of plant resistance genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:916-28. [PMID: 22248079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance (R) proteins protect cells from infections through recognizing effector molecules produced by pathogens and initiating downstream defense cascades. To mount proper immune responses, the expression of R genes has to be tightly controlled transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Intriguingly, alternative splicing of the R genes of the nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) type was observed in different plant species, but its regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report the positional cloning and functional analysis of modifier of snc1,12 (mos12-1), a partial loss-of-function mutant that can suppress the constitutive defense responses conferred by the gain-of-function R gene mutant suppressor of npr1-1 constitutive 1 (snc1). MOS12 encodes an arginine-rich protein that is homologous to human cyclin L. A null allele of mos12-2 is lethal, suggesting it has a vital role in plant growth and development. MOS12 localizes to the nucleus, and the mos12-1 mutation results in altered splicing patterns of SNC1 and RPS4, indicating that MOS12 is required for the proper splicing of target R genes. MOS12 co-immunoprecipitates with MOS4, indicating that MOS12 associates with the MOS4-associated complex (MAC). Accordingly, splicing patterns of SNC1 and RPS4 are changed in most MAC core mutants. Our study highlights the contribution of MOS12 and the MAC in the alternative splicing of R genes, providing regulatory details on how alternative splicing is used to fine-tune R gene expression in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Li HL, Huang DZ, Deng T, Zhou LK, Wang X, Bai M, Ba Y. Overexpression of Cyclin L2 Inhibits Growth and Enhances Chemosensitivity in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1425-30. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bardoni B, Abekhoukh S, Zongaro S, Melko M. Intellectual disabilities, neuronal posttranscriptional RNA metabolism, and RNA-binding proteins: three actors for a complex scenario. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012; 197:29-51. [PMID: 22541287 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-54299-1.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is the most frequent cause of serious handicap in children and young adults and interests 2-3% of worldwide population, representing a serious problem from the medical, social, and economic points of view. The causes are very heterogeneous. Genes involved in ID have various functions altering different pathways important in neuronal function. Regulation of mRNA metabolism is particularly important in neurons for synaptic structure and function. Here, we review ID due to alteration of mRNA metabolism. Functional absence of some RNA-binding proteins--namely, FMRP, FMR2P, PQBP1, UFP3B, VCX-A--causes different forms of ID. These proteins are involved in different steps of RNA metabolism and, even if a detailed analysis of their RNA targets has been performed so far only for FMRP, it appears clear that they modulate some aspects (translation, stability, transport, and sublocalization) of a subset of RNAs coding for proteins, whose function must be relevant for neurons. Two other proteins, DYRK1A and CDKL5, involved in Down syndrome and Rett syndrome, respectively, have been shown to have an impact on splicing efficiency of specific mRNAs. Both proteins are kinases and their effect is indirect. Interestingly, both are localized in nuclear speckles, the nuclear domains where splicing factors are assembled, stocked, and recycled and influence their biogenesis and/or their organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bardoni
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, CNRS-UMR6097, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis,Valbonne, France.
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Ninomiya K, Kataoka N, Hagiwara M. Stress-responsive maturation of Clk1/4 pre-mRNAs promotes phosphorylation of SR splicing factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 195:27-40. [PMID: 21949414 PMCID: PMC3187705 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear pool of partially spliced Clk1/4 pre-mRNAs matures in response to stress and induces SR protein phosphorylation and activation. It has been assumed that premessenger ribonucleic acids (RNAs; pre-mRNAs) are spliced cotranscriptionally in the process of gene expression. However, in this paper, we report that splicing of Clk1/4 mRNAs is suspended in tissues and cultured cells and that intermediate forms retaining specific introns are abundantly pooled in the nucleus. Administration of the Cdc2-like kinase–specific inhibitor TG003 increased the level of Clk1/4 mature mRNAs by promoting splicing of the intron-retaining RNAs. Under stress conditions, splicing of general pre-mRNAs was inhibited by dephosphorylation of SR splicing factors, but exposure to stresses, such as heat shock and osmotic stress, promoted the maturation of Clk1/4 mRNAs. Clk1/4 proteins translated after heat shock catalyzed rephosphorylation of SR proteins, especially SRSF4 and SRSF10. These findings suggest that Clk1/4 expression induced by stress-responsive splicing serves to maintain the phosphorylation state of SR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Eto K, Sonoda Y, Abe SI. The kinase DYRKIA regulates pre-mRNA splicing in spermatogonia and proliferation of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells by phosphorylating a spliceosomal component, SAP155, in postnatal murine testes. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 355:217-22. [PMID: 21553260 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
SAP155 is an essential component of the spliceosome and its phosphorylation is required for splicing catalysis, but little is known concerning its function and regulation during spermatogenesis in postnatal murine testes. We report that inhibition of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase (DYRK) IA strongly suppressed the mitogen-stimulated SAP155 phosphorylation and constitutive splicing of IκB pre-mRNA as well as the proliferation of spermatogonial and Sertoli cells in cultures of the 6-day post partum testes and a spermatogonial cell line, but not in a Sertoli cell line. Our findings suggest that the active spliceosome, containing SAP155 phosphorylated by DYRKIA, performs pre-mRNA splicing in spermatogonia during testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Eto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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Guo Q, Bedford MT, Fast W. Discovery of peptidylarginine deiminase-4 substrates by protein array: antagonistic citrullination and methylation of human ribosomal protein S2. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2286-95. [PMID: 21584310 PMCID: PMC3251905 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) catalyzes the posttranslational citrullination of selected proteins in a calcium dependent manner. The PAD4 isoform has been implicated in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, some types of cancer, and plays a role in gene regulation. However, the substrate selectivity of PAD4 is not well defined, nor is the impact of citrullination on many other pathways. Here, a high-density protein array is used as a primary screen to identify 40 previously unreported PAD4 substrates, 10 of which are selected and verified in a cell lysate-based secondary assay. One of the most prominent hits, human 40S ribosomal protein S2 (RPS2), is characterized in detail. PAD4 citrullinates the Arg-Gly repeat region of RPS2, which is also an established site for Arg methylation by protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3). As in other systems, crosstalk is observed; citrullination and methylation modifications are found to be antagonistic to each other, suggesting a conserved posttranslational regulatory strategy. Both PAD4 and PRMT3 are found to co-sediment with the free 40S ribosomal subunit fraction from cell extracts. These findings are consistent with participation of citrullination in the regulation of RPS2 and ribosome assembly. This application of protein arrays to reveal new PAD4 substrates suggests a role for citrullination in a number of different cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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44
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Grebe C, Klingebiel TM, Grau SP, Toischer K, Didié M, Jacobshagen C, Dullin C, Hasenfuss G, Seidler T. Enhanced expression of DYRK1A in cardiomyocytes inhibits acute NFAT activation but does not prevent hypertrophy in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:521-8. [PMID: 21273244 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway can mediate pro-hypertrophic signalling in the heart. Recently, it has been shown that dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) phosphorylates NFAT, which limits calcineurin/NFAT signal transduction in T cells and hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes. The hypothesis tested in this study was that DYRK1A prevents calcineurin/NFAT-mediated cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In cultured rat cardiomyocytes, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DYRK1A antagonized calcineurin-mediated nuclear NFAT translocation and the phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic growth response. To test the ability of DYRK1A to reduce hypertrophic cardiac growth in vivo, we created tetracycline-repressible Dyrk1a transgenic mice to avoid the cardiac developmental defects associated with embryonic DYRK1A expression. However, in the mouse model, histological determination of myocyte diameter, heart weight/body weight ratio, and echocardiographic measurements revealed that myocardial expression of DYRK1A failed to reduce hypertrophy induced via aortic banding or co-expression of calcineurin. This discrepancy is explained, at least in part, by insufficient long-term inhibition of NFAT and the activation of DYRK1A-resistant maladaptive genes in vivo. CONCLUSION Isolated augmentation of DYRK1A can be compensated for in vivo, and this may significantly limit anti-hypertrophic interventions aimed at enhancing DYRK1A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Grebe
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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45
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Papadopoulos C, Arato K, Lilienthal E, Zerweck J, Schutkowski M, Chatain N, Müller-Newen G, Becker W, de la Luna S. Splice variants of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 4 (DYRK4) differ in their subcellular localization and catalytic activity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:5494-505. [PMID: 21127067 PMCID: PMC3037663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.157909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases, DYRKs, are a family of conserved protein kinases that play key roles in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Of the five mammalian DYRKs, DYRK4 is the least studied family member. Here, we show that several splice variants of DYRK4 are expressed in tissue-specific patterns and that these variants have distinct functional capacities. One of these variants contains a nuclear localization signal in its extended N terminus that mediates its interaction with importin α3 and α5 and that is capable of targeting a heterologous protein to the nucleus. Consequently, the nucleocytoplasmic mobility of this variant differs from that of a shorter isoform in live cell imaging experiments. Other splicing events affect the catalytic domain, including a three-amino acid deletion within subdomain XI that markedly reduces the enzymatic activity of DYRK4. We also show that autophosphorylation of a tyrosine residue within the activation loop is necessary for full DYRK4 kinase activity, a defining feature of the DYRK family. Finally, by comparing the phosphorylation of an array of 720 peptides, we show that DYRK1A, DYRK2, and DYRK4 differ in their target recognition sequence and that preference for an arginine residue at position P -3 is a feature of DYRK1A but not of DYRK2 and DYRK4. Therefore, we highlight the use of subcellular localization as an important regulatory mechanism for DYRK proteins, and we propose that substrate specificity could be a source of functional diversity among DYRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisovalantis Papadopoulos
- From the Genes and Disease Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, University Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Krisztina Arato
- From the Genes and Disease Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, University Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Lilienthal
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Zerweck
- JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Volmerstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Volmerstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Strasse 3, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susana de la Luna
- From the Genes and Disease Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, University Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Wegiel J, Kaczmarski W, Barua M, Kuchna I, Nowicki K, Wang KC, Wegiel J, Yang SM, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Silverman WP, Reisberg B, Monteiro I, de Leon M, Wisniewski T, Dalton A, Lai F, Hwang YW, Adayev T, Liu F, Iqbal K, Iqbal IG, Gong CX. Link between DYRK1A overexpression and several-fold enhancement of neurofibrillary degeneration with 3-repeat tau protein in Down syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70:36-50. [PMID: 21157379 PMCID: PMC3083064 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318202bfa1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triplication of chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) results in overexpression of the minibrain kinase/dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylated and regulated kinase 1A gene (DYRK1A). DYRK1A phosphorylates cytoplasmic tau protein and appears in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). We have previously shown significantly more DYRK1A-positive NFTs in DS brains than in sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. This study demonstrates a gene dosage-proportional increase in the level of DYRK1A in DS in the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus, and enhanced cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity of DYRK1A in DS. The results suggest that overexpressed DYRK1A may alter both phosphorylation of tau and alternative splicing factor (ASF). Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed modification of ASF phosphorylation in DS/AD and AD in comparison to controls. Altered phosphorylation of ASF by overexpressed nuclear DYRK1A may contribute to the alternative splicing of the tau gene and an increase by 2.68 × of the 3R/4R ratio in DS/AD, and a several-fold increase in the number of 3R tau-positive NFTs in DS/AD subjects compared with that in sporadic AD subjects. These data support the hypothesis that phosphorylation of ASF by overexpressed DYRK1A may contribute to alternative splicing of exon 10, increased expression of 3R tau, and early onset of neurofibrillary degeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA.
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47
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Węsierska-Gądek J, Maurer M, Zulehner N, Komina O. Whether to target single or multiple CDKs for therapy? That is the question. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:341-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Loyer P, Busson A, Trembley JH, Hyle J, Grenet J, Zhao W, Ribault C, Montier T, Kidd VJ, Lahti JM. The RNA binding motif protein 15B (RBM15B/OTT3) is a functional competitor of serine-arginine (SR) proteins and antagonizes the positive effect of the CDK11p110-cyclin L2α complex on splicing. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:147-59. [PMID: 21044963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.192518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the identification of the RNA binding motif protein RBM15B/OTT3 as a new CDK11(p110) binding partner that alters the effects of CDK11 on splicing. RBM15B was initially identified as a binding partner of the Epstein-Barr virus mRNA export factor and, more recently, as a cofactor of the nuclear export receptor NXF1. In this study, we found that RBM15B co-elutes with CDK11(p110), cyclin L2α, and serine-arginine (SR) proteins, including SF2/ASF, in a large nuclear complex of ∼1-MDa molecular mass following size exclusion chromatography. Using co-immunoprecipitation experiments and in vitro pulldown assays, we mapped two distinct domains of RBM15B that are essential for its direct interaction with the N-terminal extension of CDK11(p110), cyclin L2α, and SR proteins such as 9G8 and SF2/ASF. Finally, we established that RBM15B is a functional competitor of the SR proteins SF2/ASF and 9G8, inhibits formation of the functional spliceosomal E complex, and antagonizes the positive effect of the CDK11(p110)-cyclin L2α complex on splicing both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Loyer
- INSERM UMR 991 Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, IFR140, Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
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49
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Toiber D, Azkona G, Ben-Ari S, Torán N, Soreq H, Dierssen M. Engineering DYRK1A overdosage yields Down syndrome-characteristic cortical splicing aberrations. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:348-59. [PMID: 20600907 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) associates with impaired brain functions, but the underlying mechanism(s) are yet unclear. The "gene dosage" hypothesis predicts that in DS, overexpression of a single gene can impair multiple brain functions through a signal amplification effect due to impaired regulatory mechanism(s). Here, we report findings attributing to impairments in the splicing process such a regulatory role. We have used DS fetal brain samples in search for initial evidence and employed engineered mice with MMU16 partial trisomy (Ts65Dn) or direct excess of the splicing-associated nuclear kinase Dyrk1A, overdosed in DS for further analyses. We present specific albeit modest changes in the DS brain's splicing machinery with subsequently amplified effects in target transcripts; and we demonstrate that engineered excess of Dyrk1A can largely recapitulate these changes. Specifically, in both the fetal DS brains and the Dyrk1A overdose models, we found ample modestly modified splicing-associated transcripts which apparently induced secondary enhancement in exon inclusion of key synaptic transcripts. Thus, DS-reduced levels of the dominant-negative TRKBT1 transcript, but not other TRKB mRNA transcripts, were accompanied by corresponding decreases in BDNF. In addition, the DS brains and Dyrk1A overdosage models showed selective changes in the transcripts composition of neuroligin mRNAs as well as reductions in the "synaptic" acetylcholinesterase variant AChE-S mRNA and corresponding increases in the stress-inducible AChE-R mRNA variant, yielding key synaptic proteins with unusual features. In cotransfected cells, Dyrk1A overdosage caused parallel changes in the splicing pattern of an AChE mini-gene, suggesting that Dyrk1A overdosage is both essential and sufficient to induce the observed change in the composition of AChE mRNA variants. Furthermore, the Dyrk1A overdosage animal models showed pronounced changes in the structure of neuronal nuclear speckles, where splicing events take place and in SR proteins phosphorylation known to be required for the splicing process. Together, our findings demonstrate DS-like brain splicing machinery malfunctioning in Dyrk1A overexpressing mice. Since individual splicing choices may alter cell fate determination, axon guidance, and synaptogenesis, these findings suggest the retrieval of balanced splicing as a goal for DS therapeutic manipulations early in DS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Toiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuronal Computation (ICNC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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50
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Hewitt CA, Ling KH, Merson TD, Simpson KM, Ritchie ME, King SL, Pritchard MA, Smyth GK, Thomas T, Scott HS, Voss AK. Gene network disruptions and neurogenesis defects in the adult Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11561. [PMID: 20661276 PMCID: PMC2905390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) individuals suffer mental retardation with further cognitive decline and early onset Alzheimer's disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To understand how trisomy 21 causes these neurological abnormalities we investigated changes in gene expression networks combined with a systematic cell lineage analysis of adult neurogenesis using the Ts1Cje mouse model of DS. We demonstrated down regulation of a number of key genes involved in proliferation and cell cycle progression including Mcm7, Brca2, Prim1, Cenpo and Aurka in trisomic neurospheres. We found that trisomy did not affect the number of adult neural stem cells but resulted in reduced numbers of neural progenitors and neuroblasts. Analysis of differentiating adult Ts1Cje neural progenitors showed a severe reduction in numbers of neurons produced with a tendency for less elaborate neurites, whilst the numbers of astrocytes was increased. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We have shown that trisomy affects a number of elements of adult neurogenesis likely to result in a progressive pathogenesis and consequently providing the potential for the development of therapies to slow progression of, or even ameliorate the neuronal deficits suffered by DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsee A. Hewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Centre for Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and The Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, and The Adelaide Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tobias D. Merson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken M. Simpson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah L. King
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie A. Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Centre for Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science and The Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, and The Adelaide Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anne K. Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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