1
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Jiang Q, Song G, He L, Li X, Jiang B, Wang Q, Wang S, Kim C, Barkestani MN, Lopez R, Fan M, Wanniarachchi K, Quaranta M, Tian X, Mani A, Gonzalez A, Goodwin JE, Sessa WC, Ishibe S, Jane-Wit D. ZFYVE21 promotes endothelial nitric oxide signaling and vascular barrier function in the kidney during aging. Kidney Int 2024:S0085-2538(24)00342-9. [PMID: 38797325 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ZFYVE21 is an ancient, endosome-associated protein that is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) but whose function(s) in vivo are undefined. Here, we identified ZFYVE21 as an essential regulator of vascular barrier function in the aging kidney. ZFYVE21 levels significantly decline in ECs in aged human and mouse kidneys. To investigate attendant effects, we generated EC-specific Zfyve21-/- reporter mice. These knockout mice developed accelerated aging phenotypes including reduced endothelial nitric oxide (ENOS) activity, failure to thrive, and kidney insufficiency. Kidneys from Zfyve21 EC-/- mice showed interstitial edema and glomerular EC injury. ZFYVE21-mediated phenotypes were not programmed developmentally as loss of ZFYVE21 in ECs during adulthood phenocopied its loss prenatally, and a nitric oxide donor normalized kidney function in adult hosts. Using live cell imaging and human kidney organ cultures, we found that in a GTPase Rab5- and protein kinase Akt-dependent manner, ZFYVE21 reduced vesicular levels of inhibitory caveolin-1 and promoted transfer of Golgi-derived ENOS to a perinuclear Rab5+ vesicular population to functionally sustain ENOS activity. Thus, our work defines a ZFYVE21- mediated trafficking mechanism sustaining ENOS activity and demonstrates the relevance of this pathway for maintaining kidney function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Guiyu Song
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Liying He
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qianxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mahsa Nouri Barkestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Roberto Lopez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew Fan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kujani Wanniarachchi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Quaranta
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dan Jane-Wit
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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2
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Zhang JZ, Nguyen WH, Greenwood N, Rose JC, Ong SE, Maly DJ, Baker D. Computationally designed sensors detect endogenous Ras activity and signaling effectors at subcellular resolution. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02107-w. [PMID: 38273065 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The utility of genetically encoded biosensors for sensing the activity of signaling proteins has been hampered by a lack of strategies for matching sensor sensitivity to the physiological concentration range of the target. Here we used computational protein design to generate intracellular sensors of Ras activity (LOCKR-based Sensor for Ras activity (Ras-LOCKR-S)) and proximity labelers of the Ras signaling environment (LOCKR-based, Ras activity-dependent Proximity Labeler (Ras-LOCKR-PL)). These tools allow the detection of endogenous Ras activity and labeling of the surrounding environment at subcellular resolution. Using these sensors in human cancer cell lines, we identified Ras-interacting proteins in oncogenic EML4-Alk granules and found that Src-Associated in Mitosis 68-kDa (SAM68) protein specifically enhances Ras activity in the granules. The ability to subcellularly localize endogenous Ras activity should deepen our understanding of Ras function in health and disease and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - William H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Greenwood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John C Rose
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Smeir M, Chumala P, Katselis GS, Liu L. Lymphocyte-Specific Protein 1 Regulates Expression and Stability of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Biomolecules 2024; 14:111. [PMID: 38254711 PMCID: PMC10813790 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), plays a critical role in blood pressure regulation. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic susceptibility loci for hypertension in human lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) gene. LSP1 is recognized as modulator of leukocyte extravasation, and endothelial permeability, however, the role of LSP1 in regulation of NO signaling within endothelial cells (ECs) remains unknown. The present study investigated the role of LSP1 in the regulation of eNOS expression and activity utilizing human macrovascular ECs in vitro and LSP1 knockout (KO) mice. In ECs, specific CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing deleted LSP1 and caused downregulation of eNOS expression. LSP1 gain-of-function through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer was associated with enhanced expression of eNOS. Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that eNOS and LSP1 formed a protein complex under basal conditions in ECs. Furthermore, LSP1 deficiency in mice promoted significant upregulation and instability of eNOS. Utilizing a mass-spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomics approach, we identified novel truncated forms of eNOS in immunoprecipitates from LSP1 KO aortae. Our experimental data suggest an important role of endothelial LSP1 in regulation of eNOS expression and activity within human ECs and murine vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musstafa Smeir
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Paulos Chumala
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Center for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.C.); (G.S.K.)
| | - George S. Katselis
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Center for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.C.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
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4
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Burboa PC, Puebla M, Gaete PS, Durán WN, Lillo MA. Connexin and Pannexin Large-Pore Channels in Microcirculation and Neurovascular Coupling Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137303. [PMID: 35806312 PMCID: PMC9266979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcirculation homeostasis depends on several channels permeable to ions and/or small molecules that facilitate the regulation of the vasomotor tone, hyperpermeability, the blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular coupling function. Connexin (Cxs) and Pannexin (Panxs) large-pore channel proteins are implicated in several aspects of vascular physiology. The permeation of ions (i.e., Ca2+) and key metabolites (ATP, prostaglandins, D-serine, etc.) through Cxs (i.e., gap junction channels or hemichannels) and Panxs proteins plays a vital role in intercellular communication and maintaining vascular homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation or genetic pathologies associated with these channels promote deleterious tissue consequences. This review provides an overview of current knowledge concerning the physiological role of these large-pore molecule channels in microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules) and in the neurovascular coupling function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía C. Burboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Mariela Puebla
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Pablo S. Gaete
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Walter N. Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Das M, Devi KP, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Tewari D, Sahebnasagh A, Nabavi SF, Khayat Kashani HR, Rasekhian M, Xu S, Amirizadeh M, Amini K, Banach M, Xiao J, Aghaabdollahian S, Nabavi SM. Harnessing polyphenol power by targeting eNOS for vascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2093-2118. [PMID: 34553653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases arise due to vascular endothelium dysfunction in response to several pro-inflammatory stimuli and invading pathogens. Thickening of the vessel wall, formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are the major consequences of impaired endothelium resulting in atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and many others. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was found to be associated with anomalous endothelial function because of either its reduced production level by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) which synthesize this potent endogenous vasodilator from L-arginine or its enhanced breakdown due to severe oxidative stress and eNOS uncoupling. Polyphenols are a group of bioactive compounds having more than 7000 chemical entities present in different cereals, fruits and vegetables. These natural compounds possess many OH groups which are largely responsible for their strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory antithrombotic and anti-hypersensitive properties. Several flavonoid-derived polyphenols like flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols and anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid polyphenols like tannins, curcumins and resveratrol have attracted scientific interest for their beneficial effects in preventing endothelial dysfunction. This article will focus on in vitro as well as in vivo and clinical studies evidences of the polyphenols with eNOS modulating activity against vascular disease condition while their molecular mechanism will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamali Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mehran Amirizadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kiumarth Amini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Safieh Aghaabdollahian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Bhatia V, Elnagary L, Dakshinamurti S. Tracing the path of inhaled nitric oxide: Biological consequences of protein nitrosylation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:525-538. [PMID: 33289321 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a comprehensive regulator of vascular and airway tone. Endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthases regulates multiple signaling cascades, including activation of soluble guanylate cyclase to generate cGMP, relaxing smooth muscle cells. Inhaled NO is an established therapy for pulmonary hypertension in neonates, and has been recently proposed for the treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the effects of endogenous and exogenous NO on protein S-nitrosylation, which is the selective and reversible covalent attachment of a nitrogen monoxide group to the thiol side chain of cysteine. This posttranslational modification targets specific cysteines based on the acid/base sequence of surrounding residues, with significant impacts on protein interactions and function. S-nitrosothiol (SNO) formation is tightly compartmentalized and enzymatically controlled, but also propagated by nonenzymatic transnitrosylation of downstream protein targets. Redox-based nitrosylation and denitrosylation pathways dynamically regulate the equilibrium of SNO-proteins. We review the physiological roles of SNO proteins, including nitrosohemoglobin and autoregulation of blood flow through hypoxic vasodilation, and pathological effects of nitrosylation including inhibition of critical vasodilator enzymes; and discuss the intersection of NO source and dose with redox environment, in determining the effects of protein nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bhatia
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lara Elnagary
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Section of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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7
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Garcia V, Park EJ, Siragusa M, Frohlich F, Mahfuzul Haque M, Pascale JV, Heberlein KR, Isakson BE, Stuehr DJ, Sessa WC. Unbiased proteomics identifies plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a negative regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9497-9507. [PMID: 32300005 PMCID: PMC7196906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918761117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a critical mediator of vascular function. eNOS is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcription, co- and posttranslational modifications, and by various protein-protein interactions. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry (MS), we identified several eNOS interactors, including the protein plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), PAI-1 and eNOS colocalize and proximity ligation assays demonstrate a protein-protein interaction between PAI-1 and eNOS. Knockdown of PAI-1 or eNOS eliminates the proximity ligation assay (PLA) signal in endothelial cells. Overexpression of eNOS and HA-tagged PAI-1 in COS7 cells confirmed the colocalization observations in HUVECs. Furthermore, the source of intracellular PAI-1 interacting with eNOS was shown to be endocytosis derived. The interaction between PAI-1 and eNOS is a direct interaction as supported in experiments with purified proteins. Moreover, PAI-1 directly inhibits eNOS activity, reducing NO synthesis, and the knockdown or antagonism of PAI-1 increases NO bioavailability. Taken together, these findings place PAI-1 as a negative regulator of eNOS and disruptions in eNOS-PAI-1 binding promote increases in NO production and enhance vasodilation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Eon Joo Park
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Frohlich
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology Section, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Katherine R Heberlein
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
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8
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Pal A, Asad Y, Ruddle R, Henley AT, Swales K, Decordova S, Eccles SA, Collins I, Garrett MD, De Bono J, Banerji U, Raynaud FI. Metabolomic changes of the multi (-AGC-) kinase inhibitor AT13148 in cells, mice and patients are associated with NOS regulation. Metabolomics 2020; 16:50. [PMID: 32285223 PMCID: PMC7154022 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To generate biomarkers of target engagement or predictive response for multi-target drugs is challenging. One such compound is the multi-AGC kinase inhibitor AT13148. Metabolic signatures of selective signal transduction inhibitors identified in preclinical models have previously been confirmed in early clinical studies. This study explores whether metabolic signatures could be used as biomarkers for the multi-AGC kinase inhibitor AT13148. OBJECTIVES To identify metabolomic changes of biomarkers of multi-AGC kinase inhibitor AT13148 in cells, xenograft / mouse models and in patients in a Phase I clinical study. METHODS HILIC LC-MS/MS methods and Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ™ p180 kit were used for targeted metabolomics; followed by multivariate data analysis in SIMCA and statistical analysis in Graphpad. Metaboanalyst and String were used for network analysis. RESULTS BT474 and PC3 cells treated with AT13148 affected metabolites which are in a gene protein metabolite network associated with Nitric oxide synthases (NOS). In mice bearing the human tumour xenografts BT474 and PC3, AT13148 treatment did not produce a common robust tumour specific metabolite change. However, AT13148 treatment of non-tumour bearing mice revealed 45 metabolites that were different from non-treated mice. These changes were also observed in patients at doses where biomarker modulation was observed. Further network analysis of these metabolites indicated enrichment for genes associated with the NOS pathway. The impact of AT13148 on the metabolite changes and the involvement of NOS-AT13148- Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) interaction were consistent with hypotension observed in patients in higher dose cohorts (160-300 mg). CONCLUSION AT13148 affects metabolites associated with NOS in cells, mice and patients which is consistent with the clinical dose-limiting hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Pal
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Yasmin Asad
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ruth Ruddle
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Alan T Henley
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Karen Swales
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Shaun Decordova
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | | | - Johann De Bono
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Florence I Raynaud
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
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9
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Jani MS, Zou J, Veetil AT, Krishnan Y. A DNA-based fluorescent probe maps NOS3 activity with subcellular spatial resolution. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:660-666. [PMID: 32152543 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) produces the gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), which drives critical cellular signaling pathways by S-nitrosylating target proteins. Endogenous NOS3 resides at two distinct subcellular locations: the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network (TGN). However, NO generation arising from the activities of both these pools of NOS3 and its relative contribution to physiology or disease is not yet resolvable. We describe a fluorescent DNA-based probe technology, NOckout, that can be targeted either to the plasma membrane or the TGN, where it can quantitatively map the activities of endogenous NOS3 at these locations in live cells. We found that, although NOS3 at the Golgi is tenfold less active than at the plasma membrane, its activity is essential for the structural integrity of the Golgi. The newfound ability to spatially map NOS3 activity provides a platform to discover selective regulators of the distinct pools of NOS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik S Jani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junyi Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aneesh T Veetil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Radulović S, Gottschalk B, Hörl G, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Schilcher I, Hallström S, Vujić N, Schmidt K, Trieb M, Graier WF, Malli R, Kratky D, Marsche G, Frank S. Endothelial lipase increases eNOS activating capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158612. [PMID: 31923467 PMCID: PMC7116681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) changes structural and functional properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is a relevant modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, but the effect of EL on HDL induced eNOS-activation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the impact of EL-modified HDL (EL-HDL) on eNOS activity, subcellular trafficking, and eNOS- dependent vasorelaxation. EL-HDL and empty virus (EV)-HDL as control were isolated from human serum incubated with EL-overexpressing or EV infected HepG2 cells. EL-HDL exhibited higher capacity to induce eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS activity in EA.hy 926 cells, as well as eNOS-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse aortic rings compared to control HDL. As revealed by confocal and structured illumination-microscopy EL-HDL-driven induction of eNOS was accompanied by an increased eNOS-GFP targeting to the plasma membrane and a lower eNOS-GFP colocalization with Golgi and mitochondria. Widefield microscopy of filipin stained cells revealed that EL-HDL lowered cellular free cholesterol (FC) and as found by thin-layer chromatography increased cellular cholesterol ester (CE) content. Additionally, cholesterol efflux capacity, acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and HDL particle uptake were comparable between EL-HDL and control HDL. In conclusion, EL increases eNOS activating capacity of HDL, a phenomenon accompanied by an enrichment of the plasma membrane eNOS pool, a decreased cell membrane FC and increased cellular CE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pablo Zardoya-Laguardia
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Schilcher
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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11
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Tremblay JC, Coombs GB, Howe CA, Vizcardo-Galindo GA, Figueroa-Mujíca RJ, Bermudez D, Tymko MM, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, Pyke KE. Global Reach 2018: reduced flow-mediated dilation stimulated by sustained increases in shear stress in high-altitude excessive erythrocytosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H991-H1001. [PMID: 31441692 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00316.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive erythrocytosis [EE; hemoglobin concentration (Hb) ≥ 21 g/dL in adult men] is a maladaptive high-altitude pathology associated with increased cardiovascular risk and reduced reactive hyperemia flow-mediated dilation (FMD); however, whether a similar impairment occurs in response to more commonly encountered sustained increases in shear stress [sustained stimulus (SS)-FMD] over a range of overlapping stimuli is unknown. We characterized SS-FMD in response to handgrip exercise in Andeans with and without EE in Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,330 m). Andean highlanders with EE (n = 17, Hb = 23.2 ± 1.2 g/dL) and without EE (n = 23, Hb = 18.7 ± 1.9 g/dL) performed 3 min of rhythmic handgrip exercise at 20, 35, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Duplex ultrasound was used to continuously record blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery, and blood viscosity was measured to accurately calculate shear stress. Although baseline shear stress did not differ, Andeans with EE had 22% lower shear stress than Andeans without at 50% MVC (P = 0.004). At 35 and 50% MVC, SS-FMD was 2.1 ± 2.0 and 2.8 ± 2.7% in Andeans with EE compared with 4.1 ± 3.4 and 7.5 ± 4.5% in those without (P = 0.048 and P < 0.001). The stimulus-response slope (∆shear stress vs. ∆diameter) was lower in Andeans with EE compared with Andeans without (P = 0.028). This slope was inversely related to Hb in Andeans with EE (r2 = 0.396, P = 0.007). A reduced SS-FMD in response to small muscle mass exercise in Andeans with EE indicates a generalized reduction in endothelial sensitivity to shear stress, which may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in this population.NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-altitude excessive erythrocytosis (EE; hemoglobin concentration ≥ 21 g/dL) is a maladaptation to chronic hypoxia exposure and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We examined flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to sustained elevations in shear stress achieved using progressive handgrip exercise [sustained stimulus (SS)-FMD] in Andean highlanders with and without EE at 4,330 m. Andeans with EE demonstrated lower SS-FMD compared with those without. Heightened hemoglobin concentration was related to lower SS-FMD in Andeans with EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Tremblay
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gustavo A Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rómulo J Figueroa-Mujíca
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyra E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Abstract
NOX (NADPH oxidases) are a family of NADPH-dependent transmembrane enzymes that synthesize superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. There are seven isoforms (NOX1-5 and DUOX1-2) which derive from a common ancestral NOX. NOX enzymes are distinguished by different modes of activation, the types of ROS that are produced, the cell types where they are expressed, and distinct functional roles. NOX5 was one of the earliest eukaryotic Nox enzymes to evolve and ironically the last isoform to be discovered in humans. In the time since its discovery, our knowledge of the regulation of NOX5 has expanded tremendously, and we now have a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NOX5-dependent ROS production. In contrast, the cell types where NOX5 is robustly expressed and its functional significance in health and disease remain an underdeveloped area. The goal of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date overview of the mechanisms regulating NOX5 function and its importance in human physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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13
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Barbee KA, Parikh JB, Liu Y, Buerk DG, Jaron D. Effect of spatial heterogeneity and colocalization of eNOS and capacitative calcium entry channels on shear stress-induced NO production by endothelial cells: A modeling approach. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:143-155. [PMID: 30288177 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colocalization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) channels in microdomains such as cavaeolae in endothelial cells (ECs) has been shown to significantly affect intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and NO production, but the effect has not been well quantified. Methods We developed a two-dimensional continuum model of an EC integrating shear stress-mediated ATP production, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and eNOS activation to investigate the effects of spatial colocalization of plasma membrane eNOS and CCE channels on Ca2+ dynamics and NO production in response to flow-induced shear stress. Our model examines the hypothesis that subcellular colocalization of cellular components can be critical for optimal coupling of NO production to blood flow. Results Our simulations predict that heterogeneity of CCE can result in formation of microdomains with significantly higher Ca2+ compared to the average cytosolic Ca2+. Ca2+ buffers with lower or no mobility further enhanced Ca2+ gradients relative to mobile buffers. Colocalization of eNOS to CCE channels significantly increased NO production. Conclusions Our results provide quantitative understanding for the role of spatial heterogeneity and the compartmentalization of signals in regulation of shear stress-induced NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Barbee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jaimit B Parikh
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Rd., Yorktown Heights, NY USA 10598
| | - Yien Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Donald G Buerk
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dov Jaron
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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14
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Chen Z, D S Oliveira S, Zimnicka AM, Jiang Y, Sharma T, Chen S, Lazarov O, Bonini MG, Haus JM, Minshall RD. Reciprocal regulation of eNOS and caveolin-1 functions in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1190-1202. [PMID: 29563255 PMCID: PMC5935069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the maintenance of vascular homeostasis is critically dependent on the expression and reciprocal regulation of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs). Skeletal muscle biopsies from subjects with type 2 diabetes showed 50% less Cav-1 and eNOS than those from lean healthy controls. The Cav-1:eNOS expression ratio was 200:1 in primary culture human ECs. Cav-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced eNOS protein and gene expression in association with a twofold increase in eNOS phosphorylation and nitrate production per molecule of eNOS, which was reversed in cells overexpressing Adv-Cav-1-GFP. Upon addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to activate eNOS, we observed eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation, its translocation to β-catenin-positive cell–cell junctions, and increased colocalization of eNOS and Cav-1 within 5 min. We also observed Cav-1 S-nitrosylation and destabilization of Cav-1 oligomers in cells treated with A23187 as well as insulin or albumin, and this could be blocked by L-NAME, PP2, or eNOS siRNA. Finally, caveola-mediated endocytosis of albumin or insulin was reduced by Cav-1 or eNOS siRNA, and the effect of Cav-1 siRNA was rescued by Adv-Cav-1-GFP. Thus, Cav-1 stabilizes eNOS expression and regulates its activity, whereas eNOS-derived NO promotes caveola-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Suellen D S Oliveira
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Ying Jiang
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Tiffany Sharma
- Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Stone Chen
- Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Jacob M Haus
- Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.,Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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15
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Lee MY, Gamez-Mendez A, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Vinyard DJ, Kraehling J, Velazquez H, Brudvig GW, Kyriakides TR, Simons M, Sessa WC. Endothelial Cell Autonomous Role of Akt1: Regulation of Vascular Tone and Ischemia-Induced Arteriogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:870-879. [PMID: 29449333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of PI3K/Akt signaling in the vasculature has been demonstrated in several models, as global loss of Akt1 results in impaired postnatal ischemia- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. The ubiquitous expression of Akt1, however, raises the possibility of cell-type-dependent Akt1-driven actions, thereby necessitating tissue-specific characterization. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, we used an inducible, endothelial-specific Akt1-deleted adult mouse model (Akt1iECKO) to characterize the endothelial cell autonomous functions of Akt1 in the vascular system. Endothelial-targeted ablation of Akt1 reduces eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation and promotes both increased vascular contractility in isolated vessels and elevated diastolic blood pressures throughout the diurnal cycle in vivo. Furthermore, Akt1iECKO mice subject to the hindlimb ischemia model display impaired blood flow and decreased arteriogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Akt1 signaling is necessary for ischemic resolution post-injury and likely reflects the consequence of NO insufficiency critical for vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Lee
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Ana Gamez-Mendez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Zhenwu Zhuang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - David J Vinyard
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jan Kraehling
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Heino Velazquez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Michael Simons
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.).
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16
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is essential for the formation of caveolae. Little is known about their functional role in the kidney. We tested the hypothesis that caveolae modulate renal salt and water reabsorption. Wild-type (WT) and Cav1-deficient (Cav1−/−) mice were studied. Cav1 expression and caveolae formation were present in vascular cells, late distal convoluted tubule and principal connecting tubule and collecting duct cells of WT but not Cav1−/− kidneys. Urinary sodium excretion was increased by 94% and urine flow by 126% in Cav1−/− mice (p < 0.05). A decrease in activating phosphorylation of the Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule was recorded in Cav1−/− compared to WT kidneys (−40%; p < 0.05). Isolated intrarenal arteries from Cav1−/− mice revealed a fourfold reduction in sensitivity to phenylephrine (p < 0.05). A significantly diminished maximal contractile response (−13%; p < 0.05) was suggestive of enhanced nitric oxide (NO) availability. In line with this, the abundance of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was increased in Cav1−/− kidneys +213%; p < 0.05) and cultured caveolae-deprived cells showed intracellular accumulation of eNOS, compared to caveolae-intact controls. Our results suggest that renal caveolae help to conserve water and electrolytes via modulation of NCC function and regulation of vascular eNOS.
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17
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Tremblay JC, Pyke KE. Flow-mediated dilation stimulated by sustained increases in shear stress: a useful tool for assessing endothelial function in humans? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H508-H520. [PMID: 29167121 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00534.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of human conduit artery endothelial function via flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) have largely been restricted to the reactive hyperemia (RH) technique, wherein a transient increase in shear stress after the release of limb occlusion stimulates upstream conduit artery vasodilation (RH-FMD). FMD can also be assessed in response to sustained increases in shear stress [sustained stimulus (SS)-FMD], most often created with limb heating or exercise. Exercise in particular creates a physiologically relevant stimulus because shear stress increases, and FMD occurs, during typical day-to-day activity. Several studies have identified that various conditions and acute interventions have a disparate impact on RH-FMD versus SS-FMD, sometimes with only the latter demonstrating impairment. Indeed, evidence suggests that transient (RH) and sustained (SS) shear stress stimuli may be transduced via different signaling pathways, and, as such, SS-FMD and RH-FMD appear to offer unique insights regarding endothelial function. The present review describes the techniques used to assess SS-FMD and summarizes the evidence regarding 1) SS-FMD as an index of endothelial function in humans, highlighting comparisons with RH-FMD, and 2) potential differences in shear stress transduction and vasodilator production stimulated by transient versus sustained shear stress stimuli. The evidence suggests that SS-FMD is a useful tool to assess endothelial function and that further research is required to characterize the mechanisms involved and its association with long-term cardiovascular outcomes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sustained increases in peripheral conduit artery shear stress, created via distal skin heating or exercise, provide a physiologically relevant stimulus for flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Sustained stimulus FMD and FMD stimulated by transient, reactive hyperemia-induced increases in shear stress provide distinct assessments of conduit artery endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Tremblay
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kyra E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
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18
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The family of gasotransmitter molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has emerged as an important mediator of numerous cellular signal transduction and pathophysiological responses. As such, these molecules have been reported to influence a diverse array of biochemical, molecular, and cell biology events often impacting one another. Recent Advances: Discrete regulation of gasotransmitter molecule formation, movement, and reaction is critical to their biological function. Due to the chemical nature of these molecules, they can move rapidly throughout cells and tissues acting on targets through reactions with metal groups, reactive chemical species, and protein amino acids. CRITICAL ISSUES Given the breadth and complexity of gasotransmitter reactions, this field of research is expanding into exciting, yet sometimes confusing, areas of study with significant promise for understanding health and disease. The precise amounts of tissue and cellular gasotransmitter levels and where they are formed, as well as how they react with molecular targets or themselves, all remain poorly understood. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of specific molecular targets, characteristics of gasotransmitter molecule heterotypic interactions, and spatiotemporal formation and metabolism are all important to better understand their true pathophysiological importance in various organ systems. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 936-960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi K Kolluru
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xinggui Shen
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Shuai Yuan
- 2 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- 1 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana.,2 Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana.,3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport , Shreveport, Louisiana
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Kraehling JR, Sessa WC. Contemporary Approaches to Modulating the Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway in Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2017; 120:1174-1182. [PMID: 28360348 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.303776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the vessel wall control important aspects of vascular homeostasis. In particular, the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase promotes endothelial quiescence and governs vasomotor function and proportional remodeling of blood vessels. Here, we discuss novel approaches to improve endothelial nitric oxide generation and preserve its bioavailability. We also discuss therapeutic opportunities aimed at activation of soluble guanylate cyclase for multiple cardiovascular indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R Kraehling
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.R.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (J.R.K.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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20
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Shentu TP, He M, Sun X, Zhang J, Zhang F, Gongol B, Marin TL, Zhang J, Wen L, Wang Y, Geary GG, Zhu Y, Johnson DA, Shyy JYJ. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Sirtuin 1 Coregulation of Cortactin Contributes to Endothelial Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2358-2368. [PMID: 27758765 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortactin translocates to the cell periphery in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) on cortical-actin assembly in response to pulsatile shear stress. Because cortactin has putative sites for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylation, we examined the hypothesis that AMPK and SIRT1 coregulate cortactin dynamics in response to shear stress. APPROACH AND RESULTS Analysis of the ability of AMPK to phosphorylate recombinant cortactin and oligopeptides whose sequences matched AMPK consensus sequences in cortactin pointed to Thr-401 as the site of AMPK phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry confirmed Thr-401 as the site of AMPK phosphorylation. Immunoblot analysis with AMPK siRNA and SIRT1 siRNA in human umbilical vein ECs and EC-specific AMPKα2 knockout mice showed that AMPK phosphorylation of cortactin primes SIRT1 deacetylation in response to shear stress. Immunoblot analyses with cortactin siRNA in human umbilical vein ECs, phospho-deficient T401A and phospho-mimetic T401D mutant, or aceto-deficient (9K/R) and aceto-mimetic (9K/Q) showed that cortactin regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Confocal imaging and sucrose-density gradient analyses revealed that the phosphorylated/deacetylated cortactin translocates to the EC periphery facilitating endothelial nitric oxide synthase translocation from lipid to nonlipid raft domains. Knockdown of cortactin in vitro or genetic reduction of cortactin expression in vivo in mice substantially decreased the endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived NO bioavailability. In vivo, atherosclerotic lesions increase in ApoE-/-/cortactin+/- mice, when compared with ApoE-/-/cortactin+/+ littermates. CONCLUSIONS AMPK phosphorylation of cortactin followed by SIRT1 deacetylation modulates the interaction of cortactin and cortical-actin in response to shear stress. Functionally, this AMPK/SIRT1 coregulated cortactin-F-actin dynamics is required for endothelial nitric oxide synthase subcellular translocation/activation and is atheroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Pin Shentu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Ming He
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Brendan Gongol
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Traci L Marin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Jiao Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Liang Wen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Gregory G Geary
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - David A Johnson
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.)
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (T.-P.S., M.H., J.Z., J.Z.; L.W., J.Y.-J.S.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (X.S., Y.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (F.Z., Y.W.); Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Schools of Allied Health, Loma Linda University, CA (B.G., T.L.M.); Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino (G.G.G.); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (D.A.J.).
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Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of eNOS in the Endothelium. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:29-64. [PMID: 27451094 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical gas and these unique properties have been adapted for a surprising number of biological roles. In neurons, NO functions as a neurotransmitter; in immune cells, NO contributes to host defense; and in endothelial cells, NO is a major regulator of blood vessel homeostasis. In the vasculature, NO is synthesized on demand by a specific enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that is uniquely expressed in the endothelial cells that form the interface between the circulating blood and the various tissues of the body. NO regulates endothelial and blood vessel function via two distinct pathways, the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent signaling and the S-nitrosylation of proteins with reactive thiols (S-nitrosylation). The chemical properties of NO also serve to reduce oxidation and regulate mitochondrial function. Reduced synthesis and/or compromised biological activity of NO precede the development of cardiovascular disease and this has generated a high level of interest in the mechanisms controlling the synthesis and fate of NO in the endothelium. The amount of NO produced results from the expression level of eNOS, which is regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels as well as the acute posttranslational regulation of eNOS. The goal of this chapter is to highlight and integrate past and current knowledge of the mechanisms regulating eNOS expression in the endothelium and the posttranslational mechanisms regulating eNOS activity in both health and disease.
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Tran J, Magenau A, Rodriguez M, Rentero C, Royo T, Enrich C, Thomas SR, Grewal T, Gaus K. Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide (eNOS) Occurs through Different Membrane Domains in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151556. [PMID: 26977592 PMCID: PMC4792450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells respond to a large range of stimuli including circulating lipoproteins, growth factors and changes in haemodynamic mechanical forces to regulate the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and maintain blood pressure. While many signalling pathways have been mapped, the identities of membrane domains through which these signals are transmitted are less well characterized. Here, we manipulated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) with cholesterol and the oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol (7KC). Using a range of microscopy techniques including confocal, 2-photon, super-resolution and electron microscopy, we found that sterol enrichment had differential effects on eNOS and caveolin-1 (Cav1) colocalisation, membrane order of the plasma membrane, caveolae numbers and Cav1 clustering. We found a correlation between cholesterol-induced condensation of the plasma membrane and enhanced high density lipoprotein (HDL)-induced eNOS activity and phosphorylation suggesting that cholesterol domains, but not individual caveolae, mediate HDL stimulation of eNOS. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced and shear stress-induced eNOS activity was relatively independent of membrane order and may be predominantly controlled by the number of caveolae on the cell surface. Taken together, our data suggest that signals that activate and phosphorylate eNOS are transmitted through distinct membrane domains in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tran
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Macarena Rodriguez
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Royo
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shane R. Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy A15, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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23
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Wong DJ, Lu DY, Protack CD, Kuwahara G, Bai H, Sadaghianloo N, Tellides G, Dardik A. Ephrin type-B receptor 4 activation reduces neointimal hyperplasia in human saphenous vein in vitro. J Vasc Surg 2016; 63:795-804. [PMID: 25446283 PMCID: PMC4409444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vein bypass is an essential therapy for patients with advanced peripheral and coronary artery disease despite development of neointimal hyperplasia. We have shown that stimulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin type-B receptor 4 (Eph-B4) with its ligand ephrin-B2 prevents neointimal hyperplasia in murine vein grafts. This study determines whether Eph-B4 in adult human veins is capable of phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways, as well as functional to release nitric oxide (NO) and prevent neointimal hyperplasia in vitro. METHODS Discarded human saphenous veins were taken from the operating room and placed in organ culture without or with ephrin-B2/Fc (2 μg/mL) for 14 days, and the neointima/media ratio was measured in matched veins. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with ephrin-B2/Fc (2 μg/mL) and examined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunoassays, and for release of NO. Ephrin-B2/Fc (2 μg/mL) was placed on the adventitia of saphenous veins treated with arterial shear stress for 24 hours in a bioreactor and activated Eph-B4 examined with immunofluorescence. RESULTS The baseline intima/media ratio in saphenous vein rings was 0.456 ± 0.097, which increased to 0.726 ± 0.142 in untreated veins after 14 days in organ culture but only to 0.630 ± 0.132 in veins treated with ephrin-B2/Fc (n = 19, P = .017). Ephrin-B2/Fc stimulated Akt, endothelial NO synthase and caveolin-1 phosphorylation, and NO release (P = .007) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (n = 6). Ephrin-B2/Fc delivered to the adventitia stimulated endothelial Eph-B4 phosphorylation after 24 hours of arterial stress in a bioreactor (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Eph-B4 is present and functional in adult human saphenous veins, with intact downstream signaling pathways capable of NO release and prevention of neointimal hyperplasia in vitro. Adventitial delivery of ephrin-B2/Fc activates endothelial Eph-B4 in saphenous veins treated with arterial shear stress in vitro. These results suggest that stimulation of Eph-B4 function may be a candidate strategy for translation to human clinical trials designed to inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wong
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Daniel Y Lu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Clinton D Protack
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Go Kuwahara
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Hualong Bai
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Nirvana Sadaghianloo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics (VBT) Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.
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Headley CA, DiSilvestro D, Bryant KE, Hemann C, Chen CA, Das A, Ziouzenkova O, Durand G, Villamena FA. Nitrones reverse hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:108-17. [PMID: 26774452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has been implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction through heightened ROS production. Since nitrones reverse endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction, increase antioxidant enzyme activity, and suppress pro-apoptotic signaling pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction from ROS-induced toxicity, the objective of this study was to determine whether nitrone spin traps DMPO, PBN and PBN-LA were effective at duplicating these effects and improving glucose uptake in an in vitro model of hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction using bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). BAEC were cultured in DMEM medium with low (5.5mM glucose, LG) or high glucose (50mM, HG) for 14 days to model in vivo hyperglycemia as experienced in humans with metabolic disease. Improvements in cell viability, intracellular oxidative stress, NO and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, glucose transport, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured from single treatment of BAEC with nitrones for 24h after hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia significantly increased intracellular ROS by 50%, decreased cell viability by 25%, reduced NO bioavailability by 50%, and decreased (BH4) levels by 15% thereby decreasing NO production. Intracellular glucose transport and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also decreased by 50% and 25% respectively. Nitrone (PBN and DMPO, 50 μM) treatment of BAEC grown in hyperglycemic conditions resulted in the normalization of outcome measures except for SOD and catalase activities. Our findings demonstrate that the nitrones reverse the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in BAEC. We believe that in vivo testing of these nitrone compounds in models of cardiometabolic disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colwyn A Headley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David DiSilvestro
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey E Bryant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig Hemann
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amlan Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Shu X, Keller TCS, Begandt D, Butcher JT, Biwer L, Keller AS, Columbus L, Isakson BE. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the microcirculation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4561-75. [PMID: 26390975 PMCID: PMC4628887 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) is responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO)--a key molecule that can directly (or indirectly) act as a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory mediator. In this review, we examine the structural effects of regulation of the eNOS enzyme, including post-translational modifications and subcellular localization. After production, NO diffuses to surrounding cells with a variety of effects. We focus on the physiological role of NO and NO-derived molecules, including microvascular effects on vessel tone and immune response. Regulation of eNOS and NO action is complicated; we address endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of NO regulation with a discussion of pharmacological agents used in clinical and laboratory settings and a proposed role for eNOS in circulating red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Daniela Begandt
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lauren Biwer
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA.
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Trane AE, Hiob MA, Uy T, Pavlov D, Bernatchez P. Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain residue phenylalanine 92 modulates Akt signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yang Y, Qi P, Yang Z, Huang N. Nitric oxide based strategies for applications of biomedical devices. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsbt.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mutchler SM, Straub AC. Compartmentalized nitric oxide signaling in the resistance vasculature. Nitric Oxide 2015; 49:8-15. [PMID: 26028569 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) was first described as a bioactive molecule through its ability to stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase, but the revelation that NO was the endothelium derived relaxation factor drove the field to its modern state. The wealth of research conducted over the past 30 years has provided us with a picture of how diverse NO signaling can be within the vascular wall, going beyond simple vasodilation to include such roles as signaling through protein S-nitrosation. This expanded view of NO's actions requires highly regulated and compartmentalized production. Importantly, resistance arteries house multiple proteins involved in the production and transduction of NO allowing for efficient movement of the molecule to regulate vascular tone and reactivity. In this review, we focus on the many mechanisms regulating NO production and signaling action in the vascular wall, with a focus on the control of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesizing most of the NO within these confines. We also explore how cross talk between the endothelium and smooth muscle in the microcirculation can modulate NO signaling, illustrating that this one small molecule has the capability to produce a plethora of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Mutchler
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
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The N-terminal portion of autoinhibitory element modulates human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activity through coordinated controls of phosphorylation at Thr495 and Ser1177. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20140079. [PMID: 24993645 PMCID: PMC4122979 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NO production catalysed by eNOS (endothelial nitric-oxide synthase) plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. A variety of agonists activate eNOS through the Ser1177 phosphorylation concomitant with Thr495 dephosphorylation, resulting in increased ·NO production with a basal level of calcium. To date, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated that perturbation of the AIE (autoinhibitory element) in the FMN-binding subdomain can also lead to eNOS activation with a basal level of calcium, implying that the AIE might regulate eNOS activation through modulating phosphorylation at Thr495 and Ser1177. Here we generated stable clones in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells with a series of deletion mutants in both the AIE (Δ594-604, Δ605-612 and Δ626-634) and the C-terminal tail (Δ14; deletion of 1164-1177). The expression of Δ594-604 and Δ605-612 mutants in non-stimulated HEK-293 cells substantially increased nitrate/nitrite release into the culture medium; the other two mutants, Δ626-634 and Δ1164-1177, displayed no significant difference when compared with WTeNOS (wild-type eNOS). Intriguingly, mutant Δ594-604 showed close correlation between Ser1177 phosphorylation and Thr495 dephosphorylation, and NO production. Our results have indicated that N-terminal portion of AIE (residues 594-604) regulates eNOS activity through coordinated phosphorylation on Ser1177 and Thr495.
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Satohisa S, Zhang HH, Feng L, Yang YY, Huang L, Chen DB. Endogenous NO upon estradiol-17β stimulation and NO donor differentially regulate mitochondrial S-nitrosylation in endothelial cells. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3005-16. [PMID: 24877627 PMCID: PMC4098011 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adduction of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety (NO(•)) to cysteines termed as S-nitrosylation (SNO) has emerged as a crucial mechanism for NO signaling crucial for mediating the vascular effects of estrogens. Mitochondrion is a known vascular risk factor; however, the effects of estrogens on mitochondrial SNO are incompletely understood. In this study we determined the effects of estradiol-17β (E2β) on mitochondrial protein SNO in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and compared the mitochondrial nitroso-proteomes in E2β- and a NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-treated cells using a proteomics approach. Treatment with 10 nM E2β and 1 mM GSNO for 30 minutes significantly increased the levels of mitochondrial SNO-proteins. Subcellular localization of SNO-proteins showed mitochondria as the major cellular organelle for protein SNO in response to E2β and GSNO. E2β stimulated mitochondrial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein SNO that was enhanced by overexpression of mitochondrion or Golgi, but not membrane targeting eNOS constructs. We identified 11, 32, and 54 SNO-proteins in the mitochondria from the untreated, E2β-, and GSNO-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively. Comparisons of the nitroso-proteomes revealed that common and different mitochondrial SNO-proteins were affected by endogenous NO on E2β stimulation and exogenous NO from donor. These SNO-proteins were associated with various mitochondrial functions, including energy and redox regulation, transport, iron homeostasis, translation, mitochondrial morphology, and apoptosis, etc. Collectively, we conclude that estrogens rapidly stimulate protein SNO in endothelial mitochondria via mitochondrial eNOS, providing a mechanism for mediating the vascular effects of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiro Satohisa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., H-h.Z., L.F., D-b.C.), Biophysics and Physiology (Y-y.Y., L.H.), and Pathology (D-b.C.), University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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McCormick K, Baillie GS. Compartmentalisation of second messenger signalling pathways. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 27:20-5. [PMID: 24791689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a cell to transform an extracellular stimulus into a downstream event that directs specific physiological outcomes, requires the orchestrated, spatial and temporal response of many signalling proteins. The notion of compartmentalised signalling pathways was popularised in the 1980s by Brunton and colleagues, with their discovery that spatially segregated cAMP directs a variety of signalling responses in cardiomyocytes. It is now understood that compartmentalisation is a common mechanism used by all cells to ensure the interaction of signalling 'second messenger' molecules with localised 'pools' of appropriate effector proteins. In this way, the cell can elicit differential cellular responses by using a single, freely diffusible, molecular species. Recently, the compartmentalisation schemes employed by signalling systems involving cyclic nucleotides, calcium and nitric oxide have been elucidated and as a result, the varied range of functional consequences underpinned by such strategies can be better appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie McCormick
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, CMVLS, Wolfson-Link Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, CMVLS, Wolfson-Link Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Qian J, Fulton D. Post-translational regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelium. Front Physiol 2013; 4:347. [PMID: 24379783 PMCID: PMC3861784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived gaseous signaling molecule. In blood vessels, it is synthesized in a dynamic fashion by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and influences vascular function via two distinct mechanisms, the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent signaling and the S-nitrosylation of proteins with reactive thiols (S-nitrosylation). The regulation of eNOS activity and NO bioavailability is critical to maintain blood vessel function. The activity of eNOS and ability to generate NO is regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. Post-translational modifications acutely impact eNOS activity and dysregulation of these mechanisms compromise eNOS activity and foster the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review will intergrate past and current literature on the post-translational modifications of eNOS in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Stanford University/VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
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Li L, Jin C, Ye L, Shao G, Wang L, Lin M. Argininosuccinate synthetase gene is silenced by CpG methylation in children with phenylketonuria. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1793-7. [PMID: 24192130 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The concentration of tyrosine and the ratio of branch-amino acid to the aromatic amino acid in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients are much lower than that of normal people, which reveal that PKU patients have amino acid metabolism disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the arginine level in blood, the expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), the rate-limiting enzyme in arginine synthesis pathway, and the methylation of ASS in patients with PKU. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-five children with PKU and 65 healthy controls were investigated in this study. Blood concentration of arginine was analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. The methylation of ASS gene promoter was evaluated by using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) methods, and the mRNA level of ASS was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Blood concentration of arginine in PKU patients without dietary control was 0.017±0.009mmol/L while in normal persons was 0.129±0.007mmol/L, which is statistically significant (P<0.001). The promoter of ASS was methylated in PKU (15/15, 100%) but not in normal persons (0/15). The mRNA level of ASS in PKU patients was lower than that of normal people, which was well correlated with its methylation status. CONCLUSIONS The silencing of ASS due to aberrant promoter CpG methylation may be an important mechanism for arginine biosynthesis disorders in PKU. High levels of phenylalanine and low levels of arginine are common characteristics in PKU patients. These findings would extend the current understanding of arginine, ASS in the development of PKU disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Figueroa XF, González DR, Puebla M, Acevedo JP, Rojas-Libano D, Durán WN, Boric MP. Coordinated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation by translocation and phosphorylation determines flow-induced nitric oxide production in resistance vessels. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:498-511. [PMID: 24217770 PMCID: PMC3910107 DOI: 10.1159/000355301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in plasma membrane. We tested the hypothesis that eNOS activation by shear stress in resistance vessels depends on synchronized phosphorylation, dissociation from Cav-1 and translocation of the membrane-bound enzyme to Golgi and cytosol. METHODS In isolated, perfused rat arterial mesenteric beds, we evaluated the effect of changes in flow rate (2-10 ml/min) on nitric oxide (NO) production, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177, eNOS subcellular distribution and co-immunoprecipitation with Cav-1, in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca(2+). RESULTS Increases in flow induced a biphasic rise in NO production: a rapid transient phase (3-5-min) that peaked during the first 15 s, followed by a sustained phase, which lasted until the end of stimulation. Concomitantly, flow caused a rapid translocation of eNOS from the microsomal compartment to the cytosol and Golgi, paralleled by an increase in eNOS phosphorylation and a reduction in eNOS-Cav-1 association. Transient NO production, eNOS translocation and dissociation from Cav-1 depended on extracellular Ca(2+), while sustained NO production was abolished by the PI3K-Akt blocker wortmannin. CONCLUSIONS In intact resistance vessels, changes in flow induce NO production by transient Ca(2+)-dependent eNOS translocation from membrane to intracellular compartments and sustained Ca(2+)-independent PI3K-Akt-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier F. Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel R. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mariela Puebla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Acevedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Rojas-Libano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Walter N. Durán
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, N.J., USA
| | - Mauricio P. Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Lamas S, Serrador JM. Specificity in S-nitrosylation: a short-range mechanism for NO signaling? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1220-35. [PMID: 23157283 PMCID: PMC3785806 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO) classical and less classical signaling mechanisms (through interaction with soluble guanylate cyclase and cytochrome c oxidase, respectively) operate through direct binding of NO to protein metal centers, and rely on diffusibility of the NO molecule. S-Nitrosylation, a covalent post-translational modification of protein cysteines, has emerged as a paradigm of nonclassical NO signaling. RECENT ADVANCES Several nonenzymatic mechanisms for S-nitrosylation formation and destruction have been described. Enzymatic mechanisms for transnitrosylation and denitrosylation have been also studied as regulators of the modification of specific subsets of proteins. The advancement of modification-specific proteomic methodologies has allowed progress in the study of diverse S-nitrosoproteomes, raising clues and questions about the parameters for determining the protein specificity of the modification. CRITICAL ISSUES We propose that S-nitrosylation is mainly a short-range mechanism of NO signaling, exerted in a relatively limited range of action around the NO sources, and tightly related to the very controlled regulation of subcellular localization of nitric oxide synthases. We review the nonenzymatic and enzymatic mechanisms that support this concept, as well as physiological examples of mammalian systems that illustrate well the precise compartmentalization of S-nitrosylation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Individual and proteomic studies of protein S-nitrosylation-based signaling should take into account the subcellular localization in order to gain further insight into the functional role of this modification in (patho)physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) , Madrid, Spain
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Qian X, Francis M, Solodushko V, Earley S, Taylor MS. Recruitment of dynamic endothelial Ca2+ signals by the TRPA1 channel activator AITC in rat cerebral arteries. Microcirculation 2013; 20:138-48. [PMID: 22928941 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulation of endothelial TRP channels, specifically TRPA1, promotes vasodilation of cerebral arteries through activation of Ca2+ -dependent effectors along the myoendothelial interface. However, presumed TRPA1-triggered endothelial Ca2+ signals have not been described. We investigated whether TRPA1 activation induces specific spatial and temporal changes in Ca2+ signals along the intima that correlates with incremental vasodilation. METHODS Confocal imaging, immunofluorescence staining, and custom image analysis were employed. RESULTS We found that endothelial cells of rat cerebral arteries exhibit widespread basal Ca2+ dynamics (44 ± 6 events/minute from 26 ± 3 distinct sites in a 3.6 × 10(4) μm2 field). The TRPA1 activator AITC increased Ca2+ signals in a concentration-dependent manner, soliciting new events at distinct sites. Origination of these new events corresponded spatially with TRPA1 densities in IEL holes, and the events were prevented by the TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031. Concentration-dependent expansion of Ca2+ events in response to AITC correlated precisely with dilation of pressurized cerebral arteries (p = 0.93 by F-test). Correspondingly, AITC caused rapid endothelium-dependent suppression of asynchronous Ca2+ waves in subintimal smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that factors that stimulate TRPA1 channels expand Ca2+ signal-effector coupling at discrete sites along the endothelium to evoke graded cerebral artery vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qian
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Marques C, Licks F, Zattoni I, Borges B, de Souza LER, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Antioxidant properties of glutamine and its role in VEGF-Akt pathways in portal hypertension gastropathy. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4464-74. [PMID: 23901221 PMCID: PMC3725370 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i28.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of glutamine on oxidative/nitrosative stress and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway in an experimental model of portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). METHODS Portal hypertension was induced by PPVL. The PPVL model consists of a partial obstruction of the portal vein, performed using a 20 G blunt needle as a guide, which is gently removed after the procedure. PPVL model was performed for 14 d beginning treatment with glutamine on the seventh day. On the fifteenth day, the mesenteric vein pressure was checked and the stomach was removed to test immunoreactivity and oxidative stress markers. We evaluated the expression and the immunoreactivity of proteins involved in the VEGF-Akt-eNOS pathway by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Oxidative stress was measured by quantification of the cytosolic concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as the levels of total glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. RESULTS All data are presented as the mean ± SE. The production of TBARS and NO was significantly increased in PPVL animals. A reduction of SOD activity was detected in PPVL + G group. In the immunohistochemical analyses of nitrotyrosine, Akt and eNOS, the PPVL group exhibited significant increases, whereas decreases were observed in the PPVL + G group, but no difference in VEGF was detected between these groups. Western blotting analysis detected increased expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), P-Akt and eNOS in the PPVL group compared with the PPVL + G group, which was not observed for the expression of VEGF when comparing these groups. Glutamine administration markedly alleviated oxidative/nitrosative stress, normalized SOD activity, increased levels of total GSH and blocked NO overproduction as well as the formation of peroxynitrite. CONCLUSION Glutamine treatment demonstrated to reduce oxidative damage but does not reduce angiogenesis induced by PH in gastric tissue, demonstrating a beneficial role for the PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway.
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Elms S, Chen F, Wang Y, Qian J, Askari B, Yu Y, Pandey D, Iddings J, Caldwell RB, Fulton DJR. Insights into the arginine paradox: evidence against the importance of subcellular location of arginase and eNOS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H651-66. [PMID: 23792682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00755.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) is one of the first indications of endothelial dysfunction and precedes overt cardiovascular disease. Increased expression of Arginase has been proposed as a mechanism to account for diminished NO production. Arginases consume l-arginine, the substrate for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and l-arginine depletion is thought to competitively reduce eNOS-derived NO. However, this simple relationship is complicated by the paradox that l-arginine concentrations in endothelial cells remain sufficiently high to support NO synthesis. One mechanism proposed to explain this is compartmentalization of intracellular l-arginine into distinct, poorly interchangeable pools. In the current study, we investigated this concept by targeting eNOS and Arginase to different intracellular locations within COS-7 cells and also BAEC. We found that supplemental l-arginine and l-citrulline dose-dependently increased NO production in a manner independent of the intracellular location of eNOS. Cytosolic arginase I and mitochondrial arginase II reduced eNOS activity equally regardless of where in the cell eNOS was expressed. Similarly, targeting arginase I to disparate regions of the cell did not differentially modify eNOS activity. Arginase-dependent suppression of eNOS activity was reversed by pharmacological inhibitors and absent in a catalytically inactive mutant. Arginase did not directly interact with eNOS, and the metabolic products of arginase or downstream enzymes did not contribute to eNOS inhibition. Cells expressing arginase had significantly lower levels of intracellular l-arginine and higher levels of ornithine. These results suggest that arginases inhibit eNOS activity by depletion of substrate and that the compartmentalization of l-arginine does not play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Elms
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Haeussler DJ, Pimentel DR, Hou X, Burgoyne JR, Cohen RA, Bachschmid MM. Endomembrane H-Ras controls vascular endothelial growth factor-induced nitric-oxide synthase-mediated endothelial cell migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15380-9. [PMID: 23548900 PMCID: PMC3663556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time that endomembrane-delimited H-Ras mediates VEGF-induced activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and migratory response of human endothelial cells. Using thiol labeling strategies and immunofluorescent cell staining, we found that only 31% of total H-Ras is S-palmitoylated, tethering the small GTPase to the plasma membrane but leaving the function of the large majority of endomembrane-localized H-Ras unexplained. Knockdown of H-Ras blocked VEGF-induced PI3K-dependent Akt (Ser-473) and eNOS (Ser-1177) phosphorylation and nitric oxide-dependent cell migration, demonstrating the essential role of H-Ras. Activation of endogenous H-Ras led to recruitment and phosphorylation of eNOS at endomembranes. The loss of migratory response in cells lacking endogenous H-Ras was fully restored by modest overexpression of an endomembrane-delimited H-Ras palmitoylation mutant. These studies define a newly recognized role for endomembrane-localized H-Ras in mediating nitric oxide-dependent proangiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar J Haeussler
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Batista WL, Ogata FT, Curcio MF, Miguel RB, Arai RJ, Matsuo AL, Moraes MS, Stern A, Monteiro HP. S-nitrosoglutathione and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide regulate compartmentalized ras S-nitrosylation and stimulate cell proliferation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:221-38. [PMID: 22894707 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS S-nitrosylation of Cys118 is a redox-based mechanism for Ras activation mediated by nitric oxide (NO) at the plasma membrane. RESULTS Ras signaling pathway stimulation by 50 and/or 100 μM of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) causes proliferation of HeLa cells. Proliferation was not observed in HeLa cells overexpressing non-nitrosatable H-Ras(C118S). HeLa cells overexpressing H-Ras(wt) containing the spatiotemporal probe green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the Ras-binding domain of Raf-1 (GFP-RBD) incubated with 100 μM GSNO stimulated a rapid and transient redistribution of GFP-RBD to the plasma membrane, followed by a delayed and sustained recruitment to the Golgi. No activation of H-Ras at the plasma membrane occurred in cells overexpressing H-Ras(C118S), contrasting with a robust and sustained activation of the GTPase at the Golgi. Inhibition of Src kinase prevented cell proliferation and activation of H-Ras by GSNO at the Golgi. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with bradykinin to generate NO were used to differentiate cell proliferation and Ras activation at the plasma membrane versus Golgi. In this model, Src kinase was not involved in cell proliferation, whereas Ras activation proceeded only at the plasma membrane, indicating that HUVEC proliferation induced by NO resulted only from stimulation of Ras. INNOVATION The present work is the first to demonstrate that NO-mediated activation of Ras in different subcellular compartments regulates different downstream signaling pathways. CONCLUSION S-nitrosylation of H-Ras at Cys(118) and the activation of Src kinase are spatiotemporally linked events of the S-nitrosothiol-mediated signaling pathway that occurs at the plasma membrane and at the Golgi. The nonparticipation of Src kinase and the localized production of NO by endothelial NO synthase at the plasma membrane limited NO-mediated Ras activation to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L Batista
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Campus Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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Potential implication of the chemical properties and bioactivity of nitrone spin traps for therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1171-207. [PMID: 22709256 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrone therapeutics has been employed in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nitrone-based compound NXY-059, which is the first drug to reach clinical trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, has provided promise for the development of more robust pharmacological agents. However, the specific mechanism of nitrone bioactivity remains unclear. In this review, we present a variety of nitrone chemistry and biological activity that could be implicated for the nitrone's pharmacological activity. The chemistries of spin trapping and spin adduct reveal insights on the possible roles of nitrones for altering cellular redox status through radical scavenging or nitric oxide donation, and their biological effects are presented. An interdisciplinary approach towards the development of novel synthetic antioxidants with improved pharmacological properties encompassing theoretical, synthetic, biochemical and in vitro/in vivo studies is covered.
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Baskova IP, Alekseeva AI, Kostiuk SV, Neverova ME, Smirnova TD, Veĭko NN. [Use of the most recent reagent (CuFL) for stimulation of NO synthesis by the medicinal leech salivary cell secretion in the cultures of human endothelium cells (HUVEC) and in rat cardiomiocytes]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2012; 58:65-76. [PMID: 22642153 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125801065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal leech salivary cell secretion (SCS) may stimulate NO-production in cultures of human endothelium cells (HUVEC) and rat cardiomiocytes (RCM). This effect was detected using a NO specific reagent, - the complex Cu2+ with a fluorescein derivative (Cu-Fl). NO had also been detected in the cells by fluorescent electronic microscopy and determined quantitatively in the cells and in culture fluid by the fluorescence method. SCS stimulated NO synthesis in HUVEC cells (but not in RCM) is accompanied by NO release into intercellular space. Localization of NO synthesis centers is presented and it is shown that the increase in NO levels during the SCS action on HUVEC and RCM is associated with the increase in the activity of eNOS/nNOS, but not iNOS. In endothelial cells SCS activates nitrosylation processes, assessed by the increase of nitrite-ions in the culture medium. It is therefore important to use Cu-Fl, other than Griss-reagent, during the first hour of analysis of NO synthesis. The NO-depended mechanism of SCS action on endothelial cells might be a factor in providing of its positive action in hirudotheraphy.
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Marín N, Zamorano P, Carrasco R, Mujica P, González FG, Quezada C, Meininger CJ, Boric MP, Durán WN, Sánchez FA. S-Nitrosation of β-catenin and p120 catenin: a novel regulatory mechanism in endothelial hyperpermeability. Circ Res 2012; 111:553-63. [PMID: 22777005 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.274548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial adherens junction proteins constitute an important element in the control of microvascular permeability. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases permeability to macromolecules via translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to cytosol and stimulation of eNOS-derived nitric oxide signaling cascade. The mechanisms by which nitric oxide signaling regulates permeability at adherens junctions are still incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We explored the hypothesis that PAF stimulates hyperpermeability via S-nitrosation (SNO) of adherens junction proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured PAF-stimulated SNO of β-catenin and p120-catenin (p120) in 3 cell lines: ECV-eNOSGFP, EAhy926 (derived from human umbilical vein), and postcapillary venular endothelial cells (derived from bovine heart endothelium) and in the mouse cremaster muscle in vivo. SNO correlated with diminished abundance of β-catenin and p120 at the adherens junction and with hyperpermeability. Tumor necrosis factor-α increased nitric oxide production and caused similar increase in SNO as PAF. To ascertain the importance of eNOS subcellular location in this process, we used ECV-304 cells transfected with cytosolic eNOS (GFPeNOSG2A) and plasma membrane eNOS (GFPeNOSCAAX). PAF induced SNO of β-catenin and p120 and significantly diminished association between these proteins in cells with cytosolic eNOS but not in cells wherein eNOS is anchored to the cell membrane. Inhibitors of nitric oxide production and of SNO blocked PAF-induced SNO and hyperpermeability, whereas inhibition of the cGMP pathway had no effect. Mass spectrometry analysis of purified p120 identified cysteine 579 as the main S-nitrosated residue in the region that putatively interacts with vascular endothelial-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that agonist-induced SNO contributes to junctional membrane protein changes that enhance endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Marín
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Laureles s/n, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
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Morais C, Ebrahem Q, Anand-Apte B, Parat MO. Altered angiogenesis in caveolin-1 gene-deficient mice is restored by ablation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1702-14. [PMID: 22322296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is an essential structural protein of caveolae, specialized plasma membrane organelles highly abundant in endothelial cells, where they regulate multiple functions including angiogenesis. Caveolin-1 exerts a tonic inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Accordingly, caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice have enhanced eNOS activity as well as increased systemic nitric oxide (NO) levels. We hypothesized that excess eNOS activity, secondary to caveolin deficiency, would mediate the decreased angiogenesis observed in caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice. We tested tumor angiogenesis in mice lacking either one or both proteins, using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. We show that endothelial cell migration, tube formation, cell sprouting from aortic rings, tumor growth, and angiogenesis are all significantly impaired in both caveolin-1-null and eNOS-null mice. We further show that these parameters were either partially or fully restored in double knockout mice that lack both caveolin-1 and eNOS. Furthermore, the effects of genetic ablation of eNOS are mimicked by the administration of the NOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), including the reversal of the caveolin-1-null mouse angiogenic phenotype. This study is the first to demonstrate the detrimental effects of unregulated eNOS activity on angiogenesis, and shows that impaired tumor angiogenesis in caveolin-1-null mice is, at least in part, the result of enhanced eNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christudas Morais
- University of Queensland School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, Australia
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Kostyuk SV, Ermakov AV, Alekseeva AY, Smirnova TD, Glebova KV, Efremova LV, Baranova A, Veiko NN. Role of extracellular DNA oxidative modification in radiation induced bystander effects in human endotheliocytes. Mutat Res 2012; 729:52-60. [PMID: 22001237 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of the bystander effect induced by low doses of irradiation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) depends on extracellular DNA (ecDNA) signaling pathway. We found that the changes in the levels of ROS and NO production by human endothelial cells are components of the radiation induced bystander effect that can be registered at a low dose. We exposed HUVECs to X-ray radiation and studied effects of ecDNA(R) isolated from the culture media conditioned by the short-term incubation of irradiated cells on intact HUVECs. Effects of ecDNA(R) produced by irradiated cells on ROS and NO production in non-irradiated HUVECs are similar to bystander effect. These effects at least partially depend on TLR9 signaling. We compared the production of the nitric oxide and the ROS in human endothelial cells that were (1) irradiated at a low dose; (2) exposed to the ecDNA(R) extracted from the media conditioned by irradiated cells; and (3) exposed to human DNA oxidized in vitro. We found that the cellular responses to all three stimuli described above are essentially similar. We conclude that irradiation-related oxidation of the ecDNA is an important component of the ecDNA-mediated bystander effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Eisler SA, Fuchs YF, Pfizenmaier K, Hausser A. G-PKDrep-live, a genetically encoded FRET reporter to measure PKD activity at the trans-Golgi-network. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:148-54. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gebhard C, Stähli BE, Shi Y, Camici GG, Akhmedov A, Hoegger L, Lohmann C, Matter CM, Hassa PO, Hottiger MO, Malinski T, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 protects from oxidative stress induced endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:641-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rafikov R, Fonseca FV, Kumar S, Pardo D, Darragh C, Elms S, Fulton D, Black SM. eNOS activation and NO function: structural motifs responsible for the posttranslational control of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. J Endocrinol 2011; 210:271-84. [PMID: 21642378 PMCID: PMC3326601 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rather than being a constitutive enzyme as was first suggested, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is dynamically regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. This review will focus on how changes in eNOS function are conferred by various posttranslational modifications. The latest knowledge regarding eNOS targeting to the plasma membrane will be discussed as the role of protein phosphorylation as a modulator of catalytic activity. Furthermore, new data are presented that provide novel insights into how disruption of the eNOS dimer prevents eNOS uncoupling and the production of superoxide under conditions of elevated oxidative stress and identifies a novel regulatory region we have termed the 'flexible arm'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rafikov
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center: CB-3211B, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Wen Q, Zheng Y, Lazarovici P, Philip L, Jiang H, Lin J, Zheng W. Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (PRAS40): a novel downstream target of PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2011; 24:17-24. [PMID: 21906675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Modifications in signaling of the proline-rich Akt substrate of 40-kDa (PRAS40) pathway is implicated in type 2 diabetes and melanoma. PRAS40 is known for its ability to regulate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase activity, possessing a key regulatory role at the cross point of signal transduction pathways activated by growth factor receptors. Recently it has been found that PRAS40 is regulated by its upstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) which is activated by many tyrosine kinase receptors growth factors including insulin-like growth factor 1. Also, PRAS40 functions downstream of mTORC1 and upstream from its effectors ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt and mTORC1 disrupts the binding between mTORC1 and PRAS40, and relieves the inhibitory constraint of PRAS40 on mTORC1 activity. This review summarizes the signaling regulating PRAS40 phosphorylation, as well as the dual function of PRAS40 as substrate and inhibitor of mTORC1 upon growth factor stimulation and under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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