1
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Chen Y, Jiao W, Wang Y, Liang Z, Wang L, Li D, Liang Y, Niu H. Microtubule interacting and trafficking domain containing 1 deficiency leads to poor survival via tissue factor-mediated coagulation in bladder cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1956-1972. [PMID: 38554936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of developing a hypercoagulative phenotype and venous thromboembolism. However, no clinical trial has yet confirmed that anticoagulant therapy improves cancer prognosis, and the mechanism underlying hypercoagulation in patients with bladder cancer is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that the prognostic genes affect tumor progression via tumor-mediated coagulation. METHODS We detected the most significant prognostic genes of bladder cancer with The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and validated them in 2 Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and 1 ArrayExpress dataset. Immunohistochemical tests were performed on a cohort of 80 individuals to further examine the prognostic genes. For the most reliable prognostic gene, its influence on coagulation was evaluated with gene knockdown followed by next-generation sequencing and cellular and animal experiments. RESULTS Depletion of microtubule interacting and trafficking domain containing 1 (MITD1), a major prognostic gene of bladder cancer, significantly increased the tissue factor (TF) expression. MITD1 deficiency led to cytokinesis arrest, which, in turn, promoted the TF expression via unfolded protein response and c-Jun. The knockdown of IRE1, an essential kinase of unfolded protein response or the inactivation of c-Jun using c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors weakened MITD1 deficiency- or dithiothreitol-induced TF upregulation. Cells lacking MITD1 promoted coagulation and metastasis in the experimental metastasis assay. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the novel role of tumor prognostic genes upon the development of hypercoagulative phenotype and venous thromboembolism, thereby underlining the importance of anticoagulant therapy and shedding light on the therapeutic value of targeting MITD1 in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Chen
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Li
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haitao Niu
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Wei L, Dankwa S, Vijayan K, Smith JD, Kaushansky A. Interrogating endothelial barrier regulation by temporally resolved kinase network generation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302522. [PMID: 38467420 PMCID: PMC10927359 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinases are key players in endothelial barrier regulation, yet their temporal function and regulatory phosphosignaling networks are incompletely understood. We developed a novel methodology, Temporally REsolved KInase Network Generation (TREKING), which combines a 28-kinase inhibitor screen with machine learning and network reconstruction to build time-resolved, functional phosphosignaling networks. We demonstrated the utility of TREKING for identifying pathways mediating barrier integrity after activation by thrombin with or without TNF preconditioning in brain endothelial cells. TREKING predicted over 100 kinases involved in barrier regulation and discerned complex condition-specific pathways. For instance, the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2/MK2) had early barrier-weakening activity in both inflammatory conditions but late barrier-strengthening activity exclusively with thrombin alone. Using temporal Western blotting, we confirmed that MAPKAPK2/MK2 was differentially phosphorylated under the two inflammatory conditions. We further showed with lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MAPK14/p38α and drug targeting the MAPK14/p38α-MAPKAPK2/MK2 complex that a MAP3K20/ZAK-MAPK14/p38α axis controlled the late activation of MAPKAPK2/MK2 in the thrombin-alone condition. Beyond the MAPKAPK2/MK2 switch, TREKING predicts extensive interconnected networks that control endothelial barrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Hoang VT, Le DS, Hoang DM, Phan TTK, Ngo LAT, Nguyen TK, Bui VA, Nguyen Thanh L. Impact of tissue factor expression and administration routes on thrombosis development induced by mesenchymal stem/stromal cell infusions: re-evaluating the dogma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:56. [PMID: 38414067 PMCID: PMC10900728 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactive coagulation might cause dangerous complications such as portal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, has been suggested as a predictor of this process. METHODS The expression of TF and other pro- and anticoagulant genes was analyzed in xeno- and serum-free manufactured MSCs. Furthermore, culture factors affecting its expression in MSCs were investigated. Finally, coagulation tests of fibrinogen, D-dimer, aPPTs, PTs, and TTs were measured in patient serum after umbilical cord (UC)-MSC infusions to challenge a potential connection between TF expression and MSC-induced coagulant activity. RESULTS: Xeno- and serum-free cultured adipose tissue and UC-derived MSCs expressed the highest level of TF, followed by those from dental pulp, and the lowest expression was observed in MSCs of bone marrow origin. Environmental factors such as cell density, hypoxia, and inflammation impact TF expression, so in vitro analysis might fail to reflect their in vivo behaviors. MSCs also expressed heterogeneous levels of the coagulant factor COL1A1 and surface phosphatidylserine and anticoagulant factors TFPI and PTGIR. MSCs of diverse origins induced fibrin clots in healthy plasma that were partially suppressed by an anti-TF inhibitory monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells exhibited coagulant activity in vitro despite their negative expression of TF and COL1A1. Patients receiving intravenous UC-MSC infusion exhibited a transient increase in D-dimer serum concentration, while this remained stable in the group with intrathecal infusion. There was no correlation between TF expression and D-dimer or other coagulation indicators. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that TF cannot be used as a solid biomarker to predict MSC-induced hypercoagulation. Local administration, prophylactic intervention with anticoagulation drugs, and monitoring of coagulation indicators are useful to prevent thrombogenic events in patients receiving MSCs. Trial registration NCT05292625. Registered March 23, 2022, retrospectively registered, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05292625?term=NCT05292625&draw=2&rank=1 . NCT04919135. Registered June 9, 2021, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT04919135?term=NCT04919135&draw=2&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Duc Son Le
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Kieu Phan
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan Anh Thi Ngo
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Center of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Kien Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Viet Anh Bui
- Center of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Liem Nguyen Thanh
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
- Vinmec International Hospital - Times City, Vinmec Health Care System, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 11622, Vietnam.
- College of Health Science, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 1310, Vietnam.
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4
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Su Y, Yi J, Zhang Y, Leng D, Huang X, Shi X, Zhang Y. EML4-ALK fusion protein in Lung cancer cells enhances venous thrombogenicity through the pERK1/2-AP-1-tissue factor axis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:67-81. [PMID: 37940761 PMCID: PMC10830642 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence links the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement to venous thromboembolism (VTE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the corresponding mechanisms remain unclear. METHOD High-throughput sequencing analysis of H3122 human ALK-positive NSCLC cells treated with ALK inhibitor/ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was performed to identify coagulation-associated differential genes between EML4-ALK fusion protein inhibited cells and control cells. Sequentially, we confirmed its expression in NSCLC patients' tissues and in the plasma of a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. An inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation model was used to assess clot formation potential. Additionally, pathways involved in tissue factor (TF) regulation were explored in ALK-positive cell lines H3122 and H2228. Statistical significance was determined by Student t-test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS. RESULTS Sequencing analysis identified a significant downregulation of TF after inhibiting EML4-ALK fusion protein activity in H3122 cells. In clinical NSCLC cases, TF expression was increased especially in ALK-positive NSCLC tissues. Meanwhile, H3122 and H2228 with high TF expression exhibited shorter plasma clotting time and higher TF activity versus ALK-negative H1299 and A549 in cell culture supernatant. Mice bearing H2228 tumor showed a higher concentration of tumor-derived TF and TF activity in plasma and the highest adjusted IVC clot weights. Limiting EML4-ALK protein phosphorylation downregulated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2)-activating the protein-1(AP-1) signaling pathway and thus attenuated TF expression. CONCLUSION EML4-ALK fusion protein may enhance venous thrombogenicity by regulating coagulation factor TF expression. There was potential involvement of the pERK1/2-AP-1 pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiawen Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Dong Leng
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Basic Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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5
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MacDonald ME, Weathered RK, Stewart EC, Magold AI, Mukherjee A, Gurbuxani S, Smith H, McMullen P, Mueller J, Husain AN, Salles CM, Briquez PS, Rouhani SJ, Yu J, Trujillo J, Pyzer AR, Gajewski TF, Sperling AI, Kilarski WW, Swartz MA. Lymphatic coagulation and neutrophil extracellular traps in lung-draining lymph nodes of COVID-19 decedents. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6249-6262. [PMID: 35977099 PMCID: PMC9394105 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 include coagulopathies that are exacerbated by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we report that pulmonary lymphatic vessels, which traffic neutrophils and other immune cells to the lung-draining lymph node (LDLN), can also be blocked by fibrin clots in severe COVID-19. Immunostained tissue sections from COVID-19 decedents revealed widespread lymphatic clotting not only in the lung but also in the LDLN, where the extent of clotting correlated with the presence of abnormal, regressed, or missing germinal centers (GCs). It strongly correlated with the presence of intralymphatic NETs. In mice, tumor necrosis factor α induced intralymphatic fibrin clots; this could be inhibited by DNase I, which degrades NETs. In vitro, TNF-α induced lymphatic endothelial cell upregulation of ICAM-1 and CXCL8, among other neutrophil-recruiting factors, as well as thrombomodulin downregulation; in decedents, lymphatic clotting in LDLNs. In a separate cohort of hospitalized patients, serum levels of Myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA, a NET marker) inversely correlated with antiviral antibody titers, but D-dimer levels, indicative of blood thrombosis, did not correlate with either. Patients with high MPO-DNA but low D-dimer levels generated poor antiviral antibody titers. This study introduces lymphatic coagulation in lungs and LDLNs as a clinical manifestation of severe COVID-19 and suggests the involvement of NETosis of lymphatic-trafficking neutrophils. It further suggests that lymphatic clotting may correlate with impaired formation or maintenance of GCs necessary for robust antiviral antibody responses, although further studies are needed to determine whether and how lymphatic coagulation affects adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo E. MacDonald
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Biophysical Sciences Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel K. Weathered
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Emma C. Stewart
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alexandra I. Magold
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anish Mukherjee
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Heather Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Calixto M. Salles
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Jovian Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Thomas F. Gajewski
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anne I. Sperling
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Witold W. Kilarski
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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6
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Gomez-Salinero JM, Itkin T, Houghton S, Badwe C, Lin Y, Kalna V, Dufton N, Peghaire CR, Yokoyama M, Wingo M, Lu TM, Li G, Xiang JZ, Hsu YMS, Redmond D, Schreiner R, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Rafii S. Cooperative ETS Transcription Factors Enforce Adult Endothelial Cell Fate and Cardiovascular Homeostasis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:882-899. [PMID: 36713285 PMCID: PMC7614113 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current dogma dictates that during adulthood, endothelial cells (ECs) are locked in an immutable stable homeostatic state. By contrast, herein we show that maintenance of EC fate and function are linked and active processes, which depend on the constitutive cooperativity of only two ETS-transcription factors (TFs) ERG and Fli1. While deletion of either Fli1 or ERG manifest subtle vascular dysfunction, their combined genetic deletion in adult EC results in acute vasculopathy and multiorgan failure, due to loss of EC fate and integrity, hyperinflammation, and spontaneous thrombosis, leading to death. ERG and Fli1 co-deficiency cause rapid transcriptional silencing of pan- and organotypic vascular core genes, with dysregulation of inflammation and coagulation pathways. Vascular hyperinflammation leads to impaired hematopoiesis with myeloid skewing. Accordingly, enforced ERG and FLI1 expression in adult human mesenchymal stromal cells activates vascular programs and functionality enabling engraftment of perfusable vascular network. GWAS-analysis identified vascular diseases are associated with FLI1/Erg mutations. Constitutive expression of ERG and Fli1 uphold EC fate, physiological function, and resilience in adult vasculature; while their functional loss can contribute to systemic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Gomez-Salinero
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Chaitanya Badwe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Viktoria Kalna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Human Genetics and Computational Biology GSK, UK (current address)
| | - Neil Dufton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Centre, UK (current address)
| | - Claire R Peghaire
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (current address)
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Wingo
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Tyler M. Lu
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Yen-Michael Sheng Hsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (current address)
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (current address)
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
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7
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhen L, Xu R, Ji Z, Ye Z. Activation of the NFκB signaling pathway in IL6+CSF3+ vascular endothelial cells promotes the formation of keloids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917726. [PMID: 36082167 PMCID: PMC9445273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keloid is a disease caused by abnormal proliferation of skin fibres, the causative mechanism of which remains unclear. Method: In this study, endothelial cells of keloids were studied using scRNAseq combined with bulk-RNAseq data from keloids. The master regulators driving keloid development were identified by transcription factor enrichment analysis. The pattern of changes in vascular endothelial cells during keloid development was explored by inferring endothelial cell differentiation trajectories. Deconvolution of bulkRNAseq by CIBERSORTX verified the pattern of keloidogenesis. Immunohistochemistry for verification of the lesion process in keloid endothelial cells. Results: The endothelial cells of keloids consist of four main cell populations (MMP1+ Endo0, FOS + JUN + Endo1, IL6+CSF3+Endo2, CXCL12 + Endo3). Endo3 is an endothelial progenitor cell, Endo1 is an endothelial cell in the resting state, Endo2 is an endothelial cell in the activated state and Endo0 is an endothelial cell in the terminally differentiated state. Activation of the NFΚB signaling pathway is a typical feature of Endo2 and represents the early skin state of keloids. Conclusion: We have identified patterns of vascular endothelial cell lesions during keloidogenesis and development, and have found that activation of the NFΚB signaling pathway is an essential feature of keloid formation. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids and to the development of new targeted therapeutic agents for the lesional characteristics of vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisha Zhen
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sankuai Online Technology Co.,Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenling Ji, ; Zheng Ye,
| | - Zheng Ye
- Department of Endcrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenling Ji, ; Zheng Ye,
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8
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Okue S, Yaguchi M, Miura A, Ozaki-Masuzawa Y, Hosono T, Seki T. The garlic-derived organosulfur compound diallyl trisulphide suppresses tissue factor function. Food Funct 2022; 13:1246-1255. [PMID: 35022635 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a critical initiator of extrinsic coagulation that sometimes causes thromboembolism. Diallyl trisulphide (DATS) is a secondary metabolite of allicin generated in crushed garlic, with various pharmacological effects. This study aimed to clarify the effect of DATS on the extrinsic coagulation elicited by TF and arteriosclerosis. TF activity was measured using a clotting assay in TF-expressing HL60 cells. DATS inhibited TF activity in a dose-dependent manner. TF expression in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells was examined using real-time PCR and western blotting. DATS inhibited TF mRNA and protein expression induced by TNF-α via inhibition of JNK signalling. The effect of DATS on arteriosclerosis was also examined in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. DATS administration in these mice tended to decrease atherosclerotic lesion size. These results strongly suggest that DATS prevents thromboembolism triggered by atherosclerosis via the inhibition of plaque formation and TF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Okue
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Manami Yaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miura
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Seki
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Milone G, Bellofiore C, Leotta S, Milone GA, Cupri A, Duminuco A, Garibaldi B, Palumbo G. Endothelial Dysfunction after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Review Based on Physiopathology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030623. [PMID: 35160072 PMCID: PMC8837122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is frequently encountered in transplant medicine. ED is an argument of high complexity, and its understanding requires a wide spectrum of knowledge based on many fields of basic sciences such as molecular biology, immunology, and pathology. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), ED participates in the pathogenesis of various complications such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), and engraftment syndrome (ES). In the first part of the present manuscript, we briefly review some biological aspects of factors involved in ED: adhesion molecules, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, complement, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, thrombomodulin, high-mobility group B-1 protein, nitric oxide, glycocalyx, coagulation cascade. In the second part, we review the abnormalities of these factors found in the ED complications associated with HSCT. In the third part, a review of agents used in the treatment of ED after HSCT is presented.
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10
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Subramaniam S, Ogoti Y, Hernandez I, Zogg M, Botros F, Burns R, DeRousse JT, Dockendorff C, Mackman N, Antoniak S, Fletcher C, Weiler H. A thrombin-PAR1/2 feedback loop amplifies thromboinflammatory endothelial responses to the viral RNA analogue poly(I:C). Blood Adv 2021; 5:2760-2774. [PMID: 34242391 PMCID: PMC8288670 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of blood coagulation and endothelial inflammation are hallmarks of respiratory infections with RNA viruses that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients with severe disease. We investigated how signaling by coagulation proteases affects the quality and extent of the response to the TLR3-ligand poly(I:C) in human endothelial cells. Genome-wide RNA profiling documented additive and synergistic effects of thrombin and poly(I:C) on the expression level of many genes. The most significantly active genes exhibiting synergistic induction by costimulation with thrombin and poly(I:C) included the key mediators of 2 critical biological mechanisms known to promote endothelial thromboinflammatory functions: the initiation of blood coagulation by tissue factor and the control of leukocyte trafficking by the endothelial-leukocyte adhesion receptors E-selectin (gene symbol, SELE) and VCAM1, and the cytokines and chemokines CXCL8, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL20. Mechanistic studies have indicated that synergistic costimulation with thrombin and poly(I:C) requires proteolytic activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) by thrombin and transactivation of PAR2 by the PAR1-tethered ligand. Accordingly, a small-molecule PAR2 inhibitor suppressed poly(I:C)/thrombin-induced leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, cytokine production, and endothelial tissue factor expression. In summary, this study describes a positive feedback mechanism by which thrombin sustains and amplifies the prothrombotic and proinflammatory function of endothelial cells exposed to the viral RNA analogue, poly(I:C) via activation of PAR1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamini Ogoti
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Irene Hernandez
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Mark Zogg
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Fady Botros
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
- Function Therapeutics LLC, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Craig Fletcher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
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11
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Subramaniam S, Ruf W, Bosmann M. Advocacy of targeting protease-activated receptors in severe coronavirus disease 2019. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2086-2099. [PMID: 34235728 PMCID: PMC8794588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying drug targets mitigating vascular dysfunction, thrombo-inflammation and thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 is essential. COVID-19 coagulopathy differs from sepsis coagulopathy. Factors that drive severe lung pathology and coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19 are not understood. Protein-protein interaction studies indicate that the tagged viral bait protein ORF9c directly interacts with PAR2, which modulates host cell IFN and inflammatory cytokines. In addition to direct interaction of SARS-CoV-2 viral protein with PARs, we speculate that activation of PAR by proteases plays a role in COVID-19-induced hyperinflammation. In COVID-19-associated coagulopathy elevated levels of activated coagulation proteases may cleave PARs in association with TMPRSS2. PARs activation enhances the release of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor expression to propagate IFN-dependent inflammation, leukocyte-endothelial interaction, vascular permeability and coagulation responses. This hypothesis, corroborated by in vitro findings and emerging clinical evidence, will focus targeted studies of PAR1/2 blockers as adjuvant drugs against cytokine release syndrome and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramaniam
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Hachem H, Godara A, Schroeder C, Fein D, Mann H, Lawlor C, Marshall J, Klein A, Poutsiaka D, Breeze JL, Joshi R, Mathew P. Rapid and sustained decline in CXCL-10 (IP-10) annotates clinical outcomes following TNFα-antagonist therapy in hospitalized patients with severe and critical COVID-19 respiratory failure. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 5:e146. [PMID: 34457357 PMCID: PMC8376916 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A feedforward pathological signaling loop generated by TNFα and IFN-γ synergy in the inflamed lung, driving CXCL-10 (IP-10) and CXCL-9 chemokine-mediated activated T-cell and monocyte/macrophage tissue recruitment, may define the inflammatory biology of lethal COVID-19 respiratory failure. METHODS To assess TNFα-antagonist therapy, 18 hospitalized adults with hypoxic respiratory failure and COVID-19 pneumonia received single-dose infliximab-abda therapy 5 mg/kg intravenously between April and December 2020. The primary endpoint was time to increase in oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SpO2/FiO2) by ≥50 compared to baseline and sustained for 48 h. Secondary endpoints included 28-day mortality, dynamic cytokine profiles, secondary infections, duration of supplemental oxygen support, and hospitalization. FINDINGS Patients were predominantly in critical respiratory failure (15/18, 83%), male (14/18, 78%), above 60 years (median 63 years, range 31-80), race-ethnic minorities (13/18, 72%), lymphopenic (13/18, 72%), steroid-treated (17/18, 94%), with a median ferritin of 1953 ng/ml. Sixteen patients (89%) met the primary endpoint within a median of 4 days; 14/18 (78%) were discharged in a median of 8 days and were alive at 28-day follow-up. Three deaths were attributed to secondary lung infection. Mean plasma IP-10 levels declined sharply from 9183 to 483 pg/ml at Day 3 and 146 pg/ml at Day 14/discharge. Significant Day 3 declines in IFN-, TNFα, IL-27, CRP, and ferritin occurred. IP-10 and CXCL-9 declines were strongly correlated among patients with lymphopenia reversal (Day 3, Pearson r: 0.98, P-value 0.0006). INTERPRETATION Infliximab-abda may rapidly abrogate pathological inflammatory signaling to facilitate clinical recovery in severe and critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Northern Light Cancer Institute, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Amandeep Godara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Courtney Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Fein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hashim Mann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Lawlor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill Marshall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Klein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debra Poutsiaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janis L. Breeze
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, BostonMA, USA
| | - Raghav Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Mathew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Jung E, Kim T, Bae S, Kang PM, Lee D. H
2
O
2
‐Triggered Self Immolative Prodrug Nanoassemblies as Self‐Deliverable Nanomedicines for Targeted On‐Demand Therapy of Thrombotic Disorders. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Taeeon Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Peter M. Kang
- Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer⋅Nano Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
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14
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Osei SA, Biney RP, Obese E, Agbenyeku MAP, Attah IY, Ameyaw EO, Boampong JN. Xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations are effective in managing malaria in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Malar J 2021; 20:113. [PMID: 33632233 PMCID: PMC7908739 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence of Plasmodium resistance to some of the current anti-malarial agents makes it imperative to search for newer and effective drugs to combat malaria. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the co-administrations of xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations will produce a synergistic anti-malarial effect. Methods Antiplasmodial effect of xylopic acid (XA: 3, 10, 30, 100, 150 mg kg−1), artesunate (ART: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg kg−1), and amodiaquine (AQ: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg kg−1) were evaluated in Plasmodium berghei (strain ANKA)-infected mice to determine respective ED50s. Artemether/lumefantrine was used as the positive control. XA/ART and XA/AQ were subsequently administered in a fixed-dose combination of their ED50s (1:1) and the combination fractions of their ED50s (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, and 1/32) to determine the experimental ED50s (Zexp). An isobologram was constructed to determine the nature of the interaction between XA/ART, and XA/AQ combinations by comparing Zexp with the theoretical ED50 (Zadd). Bodyweight and 30-day survival post-treatment were additionally recorded. Results ED50s for XA, ART, and AQ were 9.0 ± 3.2, 1.61 ± 0.6, and 3.1 ± 0.8 mg kg−1, respectively. The Zadd, Zexp, and interaction index for XA/ART co-administration was 5.3 ± 2.61, 1.98 ± 0.25, and 0.37, respectively while that of XA/AQ were 6.05 ± 2.0, 1.69 ± 0.42, and 0.28, respectively. The Zexp for both combination therapies lay significantly (p < 0.001) below the additive isoboles showing XA acts synergistically with both ART and AQ in clearing the parasites. High doses of XA/ART combination significantly (p < 0.05) increased the survival days of infected mice with a mean hazard ratio of 0.40 while all the XA/AQ combination doses showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the survival days of infected mice with a mean hazard ratio of 0.27 similar to AL. Both XA/ART and XA/AQ combined treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced weight loss. Conclusion Xylopic acid co-administration with either artesunate or amodiaquine produces a synergistic anti-plasmodial effect in mice infected with P. berghei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Acheampong Osei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mary Atta-Panyi Agbenyeku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Yaw Attah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. .,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Johnson Nyarko Boampong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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15
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Modelling the linkage between influenza infection and cardiovascular events via thrombosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14264. [PMID: 32868834 PMCID: PMC7458909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a heavy burden associated with influenza including all-cause hospitalization as well as severe cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory events. Influenza associated cardiac events have been linked to multiple biological pathways in a human host. To study the contribution of influenza virus infection to cardiovascular thrombotic events, we develop a dynamic model which incorporates some key elements of the host immune response, inflammatory response, and blood coagulation. We formulate these biological systems and integrate them into a cohesive modelling framework to show how blood clotting may be connected to influenza virus infection. With blood clot formation inside an artery resulting from influenza virus infection as the primary outcome of this integrated model, we demonstrate how blood clot severity may depend on circulating prothrombin levels. We also utilize our model to leverage clinical data to inform the threshold level of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα which initiates tissue factor induction and subsequent blood clotting. Our model provides a tool to explore how individual biological components contribute to blood clotting events in the presence of influenza infection, to identify individuals at risk of clotting based on their circulating prothrombin levels, and to guide the development of future vaccines to optimally interact with the immune system.
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16
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Arora M, Choudhary S, Singh PK, Sapra B, Silakari O. Structural investigation on the selective COX-2 inhibitors mediated cardiotoxicity: A review. Life Sci 2020; 251:117631. [PMID: 32251635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Initially, the selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed as safer alternatives to the conventional NSAIDs, but later on, most of them were withdrawn from the market due to the risk of heart attack and stroke. Celecoxib, the first selective COX-2 inhibitor, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 1998 and was taken back from the market in 2004. Since then, many coxibs have been discontinued one by one due to adverse cardiovascular events. United States (US), Australian and European authorities related to Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) implemented the requirements to carry the "Black box" warning on the labels of COX-2 drugs highlighting the risks of serious cardiovascular events. These facts encouraged the researchers to explore them well and find out the biochemical basis behind the cardiotoxicity. From the last few decades, the molecular mechanisms behind the coxibs have regained the attention, especially the specific structural features of the selective COX-2 inhibitors that are associated with cardiotoxicity. This review discusses the key structural features of the selective COX-2 inhibitors and underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the cardiotoxicity. This report also unfolds different strategies that have been reported in the last 10 years to combat the problem of selective COX-2 inhibitors mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Shalki Choudhary
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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17
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Rommel MGE, Milde C, Eberle R, Schulze H, Modlich U. Endothelial-platelet interactions in influenza-induced pneumonia: A potential therapeutic target. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:606-619. [PMID: 31793053 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Every year, influenza viruses spread around the world, infecting the respiratory systems of countless humans and animals, causing illness and even death. Severe influenza infection is associated with pulmonary epithelial damage and endothelial dysfunction leading to acute lung injury (ALI). There is evidence that an aggressive cytokine storm and cell damage in lung capillaries as well as endothelial/platelet interactions contribute to vascular leakage, pro-thrombotic milieu and infiltration of immune effector cells. To date, treatments for ALI caused by influenza are limited to antiviral drugs, active ventilation or further symptomatic treatments. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of influenza-mediated pathogenesis, permissive animal models and histopathological changes of lung tissue in both mice and men and compare it with histological and electron microscopic data from our own group. We highlight the molecular and cellular interactions between pulmonary endothelium and platelets in homeostasis and influenza-induced pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets on platelets/endothelial interaction to reduce or resolve ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel G E Rommel
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Christian Milde
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Regina Eberle
- Department of Morphology, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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18
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Wang L, Li X, Zhang S, Wang X, Jin M, Hsiao CD, Lin H, Han L, Liu K. Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery in Fermented Black Garlic and Potential Bioprotective Responses against Cardiovascular Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12191-12198. [PMID: 31588747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fermented black garlic has multiple beneficial biological activities, including cardiovascular protection, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial properties. In this study, metabolic differences in the properties of black and fresh garlic were investigated via liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-based metabolomics, leading to the identification of characteristic components. Fermented black garlic samples and their Amadori products (AC) promoted angiogenesis, prevented thrombus formation by rescuing chemical-induced vascular lesions in zebrafish, and inhibited H2O2-induced injury of endothelial cells, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. AC suppressed activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in turn, increasing the availability of c-Fos/c-Jun or c-Jun/c-Jun complexes for apoptotic resistance. Clarification of the associated signaling pathways should therefore provide a solid foundation for optimization of black garlic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Yongping Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Meng Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Center for Nanotechnology , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li , Taiwan 32023 , China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Liwen Han
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong 250103 , China
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19
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Wu YH, Chuang LP, Yu CL, Wang SW, Chen HY, Chang YL. Anticoagulant effect of wogonin against tissue factor expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172517. [PMID: 31265843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the primary cause of atherothrombosis, the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques with subsequent thrombosis, leading to acute cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Wogonin (Wog) is an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, used for inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. The anticoagulant effect of Wog on TF expression remains unexplored. In this study, we have investigated the effects of Wog on TF gene expression and its underlying molecular mechanism in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). We found that Wog dose-dependently inhibited PMA-enhanced TF mRNA, protein, and activity in ECs. This inhibition was attributed to its decreasing nuclear accumulations of transcription factors, phospho-c-Jun and early growth response-1(Egr-1), not nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), through blocking extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Reduction by Wog of Egr-1 nuclear level and Egr-1/DNA binding activity was associated with its inhibition of Egr-1 de novo synthesis. Wog as well as inhibitors to ERK and JNK suppressed TF promoter activity and protein expression in reporter gene and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, it also exhibited anticoagulant function by inhibiting TF expression and activity in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ECs and THP-1 cells. These results suggest that Wog inhibits ERK/Egr-1- and JNK/AP-1-mediated transactivation of TF promoter activity, leading to downregulation of TF expression and activity induced by inflammatory mediators. Wog targeting pathological TF expression without affecting its basal level may be a safer templet in the development of anticoagulant agent for cardiovascular thrombotic diseases related to atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Wu
- School and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pang Chuang
- Sleep Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lan Yu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Wu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chang
- School and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wang F, Li G, Guan X, Han Z, Yu X, You Q. Overexpression of eNOS decrease tissue factor (TF) level in CD34+ cells exhibit increased antithrombogenic property in small caliber vascular graft. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2019; 60:136-143. [DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.18.08951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Scrascia G, Rotunno C, Simone S, Montemurno E, Amorese L, De Palo M, Castellano G, Pertosa GB, Gesualdo L, Paparella D. Acute kidney injury in high-risk cardiac surgery patients: roles of inflammation and coagulation. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:359-365. [PMID: 26657082 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass elicits coagulation and inflammation activation and oxidative stress, all involved in AKI but never simultaneously assessed. We aimed to evaluate relations between oxidative stress, inflammatory and coagulation systems activation and postoperative renal function in patients with normal preoperative renal function. METHODS Forty-one high-risk patients (EuroSCORE >6 and preoperative haemoglobin <12 g/dl in women and <13 g/dl in men) were prospectively enrolled. Prothrombin fragment 1.2 (coagulation marker), interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 (pro/anti-inflammatory markers) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (oxidative stress marker) were evaluated until postoperative day 5. RESULTS Patients were divided into two groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction observed postoperatively (reduction <25% in 26 patients: NO-AKI group; reduction >25% in 15 patients: AKI group). No differences were found for inflammatory markers. Oxidative stress slightly increased in the AKI group. Twenty-four hours after the operation prothrombin fragment 1.2 levels were significantly higher in the AKI group (506.6 ± 548 vs. 999 ± 704.1 pmol/l; P = 0.018), and they were independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction, with an area under the receiving operating characteristic of 0.744. CONCLUSION Thrombin generation is higher in patients with renal function worsening, and it is an independent risk factor for AKI in patients with anaemia, possibly leading to microcirculation impairment and tubular cells damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scrascia
- aDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organs Transplant, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari bDivision of Cardiac Surgery, 'Vito Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce cDivision of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organs Transplant, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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22
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Tumor necrosis factor-α levels and non-surgical bleeding in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 37:107-115. [PMID: 28651907 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-surgical bleeding (NSB) due to angiodysplasia is common in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. Thrombin-induced angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression in LVAD patients leads to altered angiogenesis and is associated with lower angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and increased NSB. However, the mechanism for decreased Ang-1, made by pericytes, is unknown and the origin of thrombin in LVAD patients is unclear. We hypothesized that high tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in LVAD patients induce pericyte apoptosis, tissue factor (TF) expression and vascular instability. METHODS We incubated cultured pericytes with serum from patients with heart failure (HF), LVAD or orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), with or without TNF-α blockade. We performed several measurements: Ang-1 expression was assessed by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and pericyte death fluorescently; TF expression was assessed by RT-PCR in cultured endothelial cells incubated with patient plasma with or without TNF-α blockade; and TF expression was assessed in endothelial biopsy samples from these patients by immunofluorescence. We incubated cultured endothelial cells on Matrigel with patient serum with or without TNF-α blockade and determined tube formation by microscopy. RESULTS Serum from LVAD patients had higher levels of TNF-α, suppressed Ang-1 expression in pericytes, and induced pericyte death, and there was accelerated endothelial tube formation compared with serum from patients without LVADs. TF was higher in both plasma and endothelial cells from LVAD patients, and plasma from LVAD patients induced more endothelial TF expression. All of these effects were reversed or reduced with TNF-α blockade. High levels of TNF-α were associated with increased risk of NSB. CONCLUSIONS Elevated TNF-α in LVAD patients is a central regulator of altered angiogenesis, pericyte apoptosis and expression of TF and Ang-1.
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Reiner MF, Akhmedov A, Stivala S, Keller S, Gaul DS, Bonetti NR, Savarese G, Glanzmann M, Zhu C, Ruf W, Yang Z, Matter CM, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Beer JH. Ticagrelor, but not clopidogrel, reduces arterial thrombosis via endothelial tissue factor suppression. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 113:61-69. [PMID: 28028070 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor reduces mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), compared with clopidogrel, and the mechanisms underlying this effect are not clearly understood. Arterial thrombosis is the key event in ACS; however, direct vascular effects of either ticagrelor or clopidogrel with focus on arterial thrombosis and its key trigger tissue factor have not been previously investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Human aortic endothelial cells were treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel active metabolite (CAM) and stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); effects on procoagulant tissue factor (TF) expression and activity, its counter-player TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and the underlying mechanisms were determined. Further, arterial thrombosis by photochemical injury of the common carotid artery, and TF expression in the murine endothelium were examined in C57BL/6 mice treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel. Ticagrelor, but not CAM, reduced TNF-α-induced TF expression via proteasomal degradation and TF activity, independently of the P2Y12 receptor and the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), an additional target of ticagrelor. In C57BL/6 mice, ticagrelor prolonged time to arterial occlusion, compared with clopidogrel, despite comparable antiplatelet effects. In line with our in vitro results, ticagrelor, but not clopidogrel, reduced TF expression in the endothelium of murine arteries. CONCLUSION Ticagrelor, unlike clopidogrel, exhibits endothelial-specific antithrombotic properties and blunts arterial thrombus formation. The additional antithrombotic properties displayed by ticagrelor may explain its greater efficacy in reducing thrombotic events in clinical trials. These findings may provide the basis for new indications for ticagrelor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Reiner
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Aging and Stroke, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Laboratory for Endothelial Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simona Stivala
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Keller
- Laboratory of Aging and Stroke, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Endothelial Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Gaul
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Aging and Stroke, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna (MedS), K2, Z5:00, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Glanzmann
- Laboratory for Endothelial Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Cuicui Zhu
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Laboratory for Endothelial Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Aging and Stroke, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juerg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
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Marcos-Ramiro B, García-Weber D, Barroso S, Feito J, Ortega MC, Cernuda-Morollón E, Reglero-Real N, Fernández-Martín L, Durán MC, Alonso MA, Correas I, Cox S, Ridley AJ, Millán J. RhoB controls endothelial barrier recovery by inhibiting Rac1 trafficking to the cell border. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:385-402. [PMID: 27138256 PMCID: PMC4862328 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier dysfunction underlies chronic inflammatory diseases. In searching for new proteins essential to the human endothelial inflammatory response, we have found that the endosomal GTPase RhoB is up-regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines and expressed in the endothelium of some chronically inflamed tissues. We show that although RhoB and the related RhoA and RhoC play additive and redundant roles in various aspects of endothelial barrier function, RhoB specifically inhibits barrier restoration after acute cell contraction by preventing plasma membrane extension. During barrier restoration, RhoB trafficking is induced between vesicles containing RhoB nanoclusters and plasma membrane protrusions. The Rho GTPase Rac1 controls membrane spreading and stabilizes endothelial barriers. We show that RhoB colocalizes with Rac1 in endosomes and inhibits Rac1 activity and trafficking to the cell border during barrier recovery. Inhibition of endosomal trafficking impairs barrier reformation, whereas induction of Rac1 translocation to the plasma membrane accelerates it. Therefore, RhoB-specific regulation of Rac1 trafficking controls endothelial barrier integrity during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Marcos-Ramiro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego García-Weber
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Feito
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María C Ortega
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Cernuda-Morollón
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Reglero-Real
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Durán
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, England, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, England, UK
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Wang HJ, Chen SF, Lo WY. iTRAQ quantitative proteomics-based identification of cell adhesion as a dominant phenotypic modulation in thrombin-stimulated human aortic endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2015; 135:944-50. [PMID: 25746365 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phenotypic changes in thrombin-stimulated endothelial cells include alterations in permeability, cell shape, vasomotor tone, leukocyte trafficking, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Previous studies regarding the pleotropic effects of thrombin on the endothelium used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-cells derived from fetal tissue that does not exist in adults. Only a few groups have used screening approaches such as microarrays to profile the global effects of thrombin on endothelial cells. Moreover, the proteomic changes of thrombin-stimulated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS HAECs were stimulated with 2 units/mL thrombin for 5h and their proteome was investigated using isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and the MetaCore(TM) software. RESULTS A total of 627 (experiment A) and 622 proteins (experiment B) were quantified in the duplicated iTRAQ analyses. MetaCore(TM) pathway analysis identified cell adhesion as a dominant phenotype in thrombin-stimulated HAECs. Replicated iTRAQ data revealed that "Cell adhesion_Chemokines and adhesion," "Cell adhesion_Histamine H1 receptor signaling in the interruption of cell barrier integrity," and "Cell adhesion_Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration" were among the top 10 statistically significant pathways. The cell adhesion phenotype was verified by increased THP-1 adhesion to thrombin-stimulated HAECs. In addition, the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE was significantly upregulated in thrombin-stimulated HAECs. CONCLUSIONS Several regulatory pathways are altered in thrombin-stimulated HAECs, with cell adhesion being the dominant altered phenotype. Our findings show the feasibility of the iTRAQ technique for evaluating cellular responses to acute stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Joe Wang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extracts on arterial thrombosis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:99-105. [PMID: 23524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether oral supplementation of quercetin-rich onion peel extract (OPE) influences blood coagulation and arterial thrombosis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. 24 male rats, 5 weeks old, were divided into three groups with different diets (C: control, 2mg OPE: chow diet with 2mg OPE supplementation, 10mg OPE: chow diet with 10mg OPE supplementation) for 6 weeks. Blood coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet aggregation were examined. The OPE did not affect blood cholesterol levels but significantly decreased blood triglyceride and glucose levels. PT, aPTT and platelet aggregation were not significantly different among all tested groups. However, in vivo arterial thrombosis was significantly delayed in groups that were fed 2mg and 10mg OPE diets compared to the control group. In addition, the OPE greatly diminished thrombin-induced expression of tissue factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a coagulation initiator. In addition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways activated by thrombin treatment were prevented by the OPE pre-treatment. These results indicate that OPE may have anti-thrombotic effects through restricting the induced expression of tissue factor via down-regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation upon coagulation stimulus, leading to the prolongation of time for arterial thrombosis.
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Yamashita N, Abe R, Nixon AM, Rochier AL, Madri JA, Sumpio BE. Cyclic strain delays the expression of tissue factor induced by thrombin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Angiol 2012; 20:157-66. [PMID: 22942631 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of tissue factor (TF) expression in endothelial cells (EC) are performed under stationary culture conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mechanical stimuli such as cyclic strain (CS) on the expression of TF in EC exposed to thrombin (Thr). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to 4 U·mL(-1) Thr in the presence or absence of 10% average CS at 60 cycles·min(-1) and then TF expression was measured. TF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression peaked at 2 hours in HUVEC exposed to Thr, but at 4 hours in HUVEC exposed to both Thr + CS. TF expression was inhibited by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitors. For both Thr or Thr + CS stimuli, p38 and ERK activity peaked at 5 minutes (p < 0.05). Nuclear factor-kappa B levels remained high in the Thr group but not in the Thr + CS group, while Egr-1 levels were elevated in the Thr + CS group. We demonstrated CS-delayed, Thr-induced TF mRNA expression in HUVEC, which may be modulated by p38 and ERK inhibitors.
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Maruyama K, Morishita E, Yuno T, Sekiya A, Asakura H, Ohtake S, Yachie A. Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecule-derived CO regulates tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in human endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2012; 130:e188-93. [PMID: 22819264 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). The first human case of HO-1 deficiency showed abnormalities in blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system. Thus, HO-1 or HO-1 products, such as CO, might regulate coagulation and the fibrinolytic system. This study examined whether tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), which liberates CO, modulates the expression of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and TF expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, we examined the mechanism by which CO exerts its effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS HUVECs were pretreated with 50 μM CORM-2 for 3 hours, and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 10 ng/ml) for an additional 0-5 hours. PBMCs were pretreated with 50-100 μM CORM-2 for 1 hour followed by stimulating with lipopolysaccharid (LPS, 10 ng/ml) for additional 0-9 hours. The mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Pretreatment with CORM-2 significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced TF and PAI-1 up-regulation in HUVECs, and LPS-induced TF expression in PBMCs. CORM-2 inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CORM-2 suppresses TNF-α-induced TF and PAI-1 up-regulation, and MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways activation by TNF-α in HUVECs. CORM-2 suppresses LPS-induced TF up-regulation in PBMCs. Therefore, we envision that the antithrombotic activity of CORM-2 might be used as a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Bruce-Hickman D. Oxygen therapy for cerebral malaria. Travel Med Infect Dis 2011; 9:223-30. [PMID: 21807563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an important global health issue, killing nearly one million people worldwide each year. There is a disproportionate disease burden, since 89% of cases are of African origin, and 85% of deaths worldwide occur in children under 5 years of age of age.(1) Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most serious complication of infection. Despite prompt anti-malarial treatment, fatalities remain high - mortality rates while undergoing treatment with Artemisinin or quinine-based therapy reach 15% and 22% respectively.(2) There is, therefore, a need to develop an adjunct therapy to preserve neurological function during the treatment period. Recent experimental research has indicated hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) to be a rational and effective adjunct therapy.(3) This article examines the current understanding of CM, and the possible benefits provided by HBO therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Bruce-Hickman
- UCL Medical School & Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Tyml K. Critical role for oxidative stress, platelets, and coagulation in capillary blood flow impairment in sepsis. Microcirculation 2011; 18:152-62. [PMID: 21199094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex multifaceted response to a local infectious insult. One important facet is the circulatory system dysfunction, which includes capillary bed plugging. This review addresses the mechanisms of capillary plugging and highlights our recent discoveries on the roles of NO, ROS, and activated coagulation in platelet adhesion and blood flow stoppage in septic mouse capillaries. We show that sepsis increases platelet adhesion, fibrin deposition and flow stoppage in capillaries, and that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, rather than NO, play a detrimental role in this adhesion/stoppage. P-selectin and activated coagulation are required for adhesion/stoppage. Further, platelet adhesion in capillaries (i) strongly predicts capillary flow stoppage, and (ii) may explain why severe sepsis is associated with a drop in platelet count in systemic blood. Significantly, we also show that a single bolus of the antioxidant ascorbate (injected intravenously at clinically relevant dose of 10 mg/kg) inhibits adhesion/stoppage. Our data suggest that eNOS-derived NO at the platelet-endothelial interface is anti-adhesive and required for the inhibitory effect of ascorbate. Because of the critical role of ROS in capillary plugging, ascorbate bolus administration may be beneficial to septic patients whose survival depends on restoring microvascular perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Tyml
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Rochier A, Nixon A, Yamashita N, Abe R, Abe R, Madri JA, Sumpio BE. Laminar shear, but not orbital shear, has a synergistic effect with thrombin stimulation on tissue factor expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:480-8. [PMID: 21367569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High levels of tissue factor (TF) have been associated with atherosclerotic plaques. The specific pathways linked to TF expression in endothelial cells (ECs) have not been well defined. This study compared TF expression in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) exposed to laminar shear stress (LSS) using a parallel flow chamber and to orbital shear stress (OSS) using an orbital shaker. We also compared the effects of thrombin (TH) stimulation of ECs exposed to different shear forces on the expression of TF and investigated the role that second messengers, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), had in the EC response. METHODS HUVECs were subjected to 2, 4, or 6 hours of LSS or OSS in the presence or absence of 4 U/mL of TH. Western blot analysis of ERK1/2 and p38 activation and polymerase chain reaction analysis of TF in the presence of inhibitors to these second messengers was performed in HUVECs subjected to OSS or LSS in the presence or absence of TH. RESULTS TF expression was increased and peaked at 2 hours in all HUVECs exposed to LSS or TH. Stimulation of static HUVECs with TH resulted in an increase in TF expression of 5.68 ± 1.58-, 3.80 ± 1.21-, and 2.54 ± 0.38-fold at 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively (n = 6 experiments). In the absence of TH, HUVECs exposed to LSS demonstrated a 9.51 ± 0.62-, 7.31 ± 1.43-, and 4.39 ± 1.32-fold increase in TF expression at 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively (n = 6 experiments). TF was increased significantly more when exposed to LSS in the presence of TH (18.85 ± 1.43-, 15.05 ± 0.95-, and 8.91 ± 1.06-fold increases at 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively [n = 6 experiments], P < .01). Between-group analysis showed a significant difference between groups (P < .001). OSS did not significantly increase TF expression in the presence or absence of TH. ERK1/2 and p38 activation was increased in LSS and LSS + TH but not in OSS or OSS + TH (n = 3 experiments). CONCLUSION LSS and TH independently increased TF expression, but OSS did not. LSS + TH stimulation showed a synergistic effect, which suggests that these mechanical and chemical stimuli work through different pathways or that an intracellular interaction between TH and LSS may be present that does not occur in OSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Rochier
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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He Q, Ao Q, Gong K, Zhang L, Hu M, Gong Y, Zhang X. Preparation and characterization of chitosan-heparin composite matrices for blood contacting tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:055001. [PMID: 20826908 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has been widely used for biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering because of its good mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. However, the poor blood compatibility of chitosan has greatly limited its biomedical utilization, especially for blood contacting tissue engineering. In this study, we exploited a polymer blending procedure to heparinize the chitosan material under simple and mild conditions to improve its antithrombogenic property. By an optimized procedure, a macroscopically homogeneous chitosan-heparin (Chi-Hep) blended suspension was obtained, with which Chi-Hep composite films and porous scaffolds were fabricated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and sulfur elemental analysis confirmed the successful immobilization of heparin in the composite matrices (i.e. films and porous scaffolds). Toluidine blue staining indicated that heparin was distributed homogeneously in the composite matrices. Only a small amount of heparin was released from the matrices during incubation in normal saline for 10 days. The composite matrices showed improved blood compatibility, as well as good mechanical properties and endothelial cell compatibility. These results suggest that the Chi-Hep composite matrices are promising candidates for blood contacting tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- School of Life Science, State Key Lab of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Alkistis Frentzou G, Collier MEW, Seymour AML, Ettelaie C. Differential induction of cellular proliferation, hypertrophy and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by exogenous tissue factor. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 345:119-30. [PMID: 20730477 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that prolonged exposure to exogenous tissue factor (TF) can alter the cellular functions of cardiomyocytes resulting in cardiac dysfunction. The effect of TF may arise from local inflammation within or in the vicinity of the heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TF on cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to a range of concentrations of recombinant TF (rTF) (1.3-52 ng/ml) for up to 10 days and the outcome on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis measured. At lower concentrations examined (1.3 ng/ml), rTF had a proliferative influence on the H9c2 cells. In contrast, elevated concentrations of rTF (52 ng/ml) induced cellular apoptosis as indicated by increased caspase-3 activity and nuclear localisation of p53. Moreover, incubation with intermediate concentrations of rTF (13 ng/ml) resulted in an initial increase in proliferation but subsequently, led to cellular apoptosis by day 7 of the incubation. In order to determine if these effects induced hypertrophic cell growth, expression of mechano-growth factor (MGF) was analysed. Incubation of cells with rTF resulted in enhanced expression of MGF particularly at the intermediate concentrations of rTF (13 ng/ml) as well as mean cellular transverse diameter. In addition, there was a rapid increase in the expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the cells, on incubation with rTF but diminished rapidly when exposed to higher concentrations of rTF. These data indicate that exposure to increasing concentrations of rTF can accelerate the rate of cardiomyocyte turnover which may ultimately lead to depletion of viable cells within the heart. Moreover, at lower concentrations of rTF, the induction of cell proliferation together with hypertrophic markers indicates that rTF may contribute to the induction and progression of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alkistis Frentzou
- Biomedical Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Paclitaxel potentiates inflammatory cytokine-induced prothrombotic molecules in endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:276-85. [PMID: 20075745 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181d263f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of balloon expandible metal stent-induced neointimal smooth muscle cell proliferation, drug-coated stent devices have been developed. Drug eluting stents release high concentrations of antiproliferative agents, such as paclitaxel, to reduce neointimal hyperplasia. The proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), is known to cause severe endothelial dysfunction and accelerate atherosclerotic lesion progression. The interaction of TNF-alpha and paclitaxel on the release of prothrombotic molecules was examined in endothelial cells. Treatment of endothelial cells with paclitaxel had no direct effect on tissue factor (TF) expression, but TNF-alpha increased TF. Cotreatment of paclitaxel with TNF-alpha markedly augmented the release of TF. TNF-alpha induced release of plasminogen activator inhibitor but no synergism occurred with paclitaxel. Treatment of endothelial cells with paclitaxel and TNF-alpha reduced expression of thrombomodulin and protein C receptor. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor expression was reduced by prolonged treatment with either paclitaxel or TNF-alpha. The adhesion molecule, CD62 E, was induced by TNF-alpha; however, CD31, CD62 P, and CD106 were not affected by paclitaxel and TNF-alpha. Apoptosis was not observed with cotreatment of endothelial cells with paclitaxel and TNF-alpha. CD59-positive microparticles were released in response to TNF-alpha, but the release was not augmented by paclitaxel. Paclitaxel and TNF-alpha increased the nitrotyrosination of proteins. These findings indicate that paclitaxel enhances TNF-alpha-induced release of TF, and downregulated thrombomodulin, increased protein nitration, which may subsequently favor prothrombotic intimal surface.
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Lin CC, Ezzelarab M, Shapiro R, Ekser B, Long C, Hara H, Echeverri G, Torres C, Watanabe H, Ayares D, Dorling A, Cooper DK. Recipient tissue factor expression is associated with consumptive coagulopathy in pig-to-primate kidney xenotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1556-68. [PMID: 20642682 PMCID: PMC2914318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Consumptive coagulopathy (CC) remains a challenge in pig-to-primate organ xenotransplantation (Tx). This study investigated the role of tissue factor (TF) expression on circulating platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Baboons (n = 9) received a kidney graft from pigs that were either wild-type (n = 2), alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GT-KO; n = 1) or GT-KO and transgenic for the complement-regulatory protein, CD46 (GT-KO/CD46, n = 6). In the baboon where the graft developed hyperacute rejection (n = 1), the platelets and PBMCs expressed TF within 4 h of Tx. In the remaining baboons, TF was detected on platelets on post-Tx day 1. Subsequently, platelet-leukocyte aggregation developed with formation of thrombin. In the six baboons with CC, TF was not detected on baboon PBMCs until CC was beginning to develop. Graft histopathology showed fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation (n = 6), but with only minor or no features indicating a humoral immune response (n = 3), and no macrophage, B or T cell infiltration (n = 6). Activation of platelets to express TF was associated with the initiation of CC, whereas TF expression on PBMCs was concomitant with the onset of CC, often in the relative absence of features of acute humoral xenograft rejection. Prevention of recipient platelet activation may be crucial for successful pig-to-primate kidney Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Che Lin
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaoksiung, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Ezzelarab
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ron Shapiro
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cassandra Long
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel Echeverri
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corin Torres
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Anthony Dorling
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - David K.C. Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Jiang R, Wang NP, Tanaka KA, Levy JH, Guyton RA, Zhao ZQ, Vinten-Johansen J. Factor Xa induces tissue factor expression in endothelial cells by P44/42 MAPK and NF-κB-dependent pathways. J Surg Res 2010; 169:319-27. [PMID: 20451919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) is an initiator of coagulation. The serine protease factor Xa (FXa) is the convergence point of the extrinsic and intrinsic components of the coagulation cascade. In addition to its hemostatic function, FXa elicits inflammatory responses in endothelial cells that may be important in surgical procedures in which inflammation is triggered. This study tested the hypothesis that FXa can up-regulate TF on vascular endothelial cells by a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and NF-κB-dependent pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with FXa increased TF protein expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of HUVECs with the serine protease inhibitor antithrombin, which targets not only thrombin but also FXa and FIXa, inhibited FXa-induced TF expression, but the selective thrombin inhibitor hirudin did not inhibit FXa-induced TF expression, ruling out a thrombin-mediated pathway. After 10 min incubation with HUVECs, FXa rapidly induced P44/42 MAPK activation (immunoblotting of phosphorylated P44/42 MAPK) with a peak at 30 min. The MEK 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 partially reduced FXa-induced TF expression and activity (3.82 ± 0.11 vs 6.54 ± 0.08 fmol/min/cm(2), P < 0.05). NF-κB was activated by FXa, confirmed by cytoplasmic IkBα degradation and increased NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation. Interruption of the NF-κB pathway by the IkBα phosphorylation inhibitor Bay 11-7802 abrogated FXa-induced TF protein expression and activity (1.93 ± 0.02 versus 6.54 ± 0.08 fmol/min/cm(2), P < 0.05). However, inhibition of PI3 kinase by LY 294002 did not attenuate FXa-induced TF protein expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS (1) FXa up-regulates TF protein expression and activity in HUVECs, (2) FXa-induced up-regulation of TF is independent of the thrombin-PAR1 pathway, and (3) the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, but not PI3 kinase pathway, are involved in FXa-induced TF expression on human umbilical endothelial cells. FXa may be a feed-forward alternative mechanism of activating TF expression and activity, thereby increasing a procoagulant state or inflammation. This mechanism may be important in the pro-inflammatory state initiated by cardiac surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhu W, Chandrasekharan UM, Bandyopadhyay S, Morris SM, DiCorleto PE, Kashyap VS. Thrombin induces endothelial arginase through AP-1 activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C952-60. [PMID: 20032511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00466.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is a common disease leading to severe ischemia beyond the obstructing thrombus. Additionally, endothelial dysfunction at the site of thrombosis can be rescued by l-arginine supplementation or arginase blockade in several animal models. Exposure of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) to thrombin upregulates arginase I mRNA and protein levels. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of thrombin-induced arginase changes in endothelial cells. Thrombin strikingly increased arginase I promoter and enzyme activity in primary cultured RAECs. Using different deletion and point mutations of the promoter, we demonstrated that the activating protein-1 (AP-1) consensus site located at -3,157 bp in the arginase I promoter was a thrombin-responsive element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further confirmed that upon thrombin stimulation, c-Jun and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) bound to the AP-1 site, which initiated the transactivation. Moreover, loss-of-function studies using small interfering RNA confirmed that recruitment of these two transcription factors to the AP-1 site was required for thrombin-induced arginase upregulation. In the course of defining the signaling pathway leading to the activation of AP-1 by thrombin, we found thrombin-induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK or JNK1/2/3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which were followed by the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and ATF-2. These findings reveal the basis for thrombin induction of endothelial arginase I and indicate that arginase inhibition may be an attractive therapeutic alternative in the setting of arterial thrombosis and its associated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Holy EW, Stämpfli SF, Akhmedov A, Holm N, Camici GG, Lüscher TF, Tanner FC. Laminin receptor activation inhibits endothelial tissue factor expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:1138-45. [PMID: 19712679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an important trigger of arterial thrombosis. The green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a ligand of the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) and exhibits cardioprotective effects. This study investigates whether 67LR regulates TF expression in human endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that human aortic endothelial cells expressed 67LR. Cells grown on laminin expressed 35% less TF in response to TNF-alpha (TNF-alpha) than those grown on fibronectin (n=6; p<0.001). EGCG (1-30 microM) inhibited TNF-alpha and histamine induced endothelial TF expression and activity in a concentration dependent manner resulting in 87% reduction of TF expression (n=5; p<0.001); in contrast, expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor was not affected (n=4; p=NS). In vivo administration of EGCG (30 mg/kg/day) inhibited TF activity in carotid arteries of C57BL6 mice. Real-time PCR and promoter studies revealed that EGCG decreased TF expression at the transcriptional level and impaired activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase JNK 1/2, but not ERK or p38. Similarly, the JNK 1/2 inhibitor SP600125 (1 microM) impaired TF promoter activity (n=4; p<0.001) and protein expression (n=4; p<0.001). 67LR blocking antibodies blunted the inhibitory effect of EGCG on both TF protein expression and JNK activation. In contrast, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was not affected by laminin nor EGCG, and its expression was not regulated by JNK. EGCG did not affect TNF-alpha stimulated NFkB activation. Laminin receptor activation inhibits endothelial TF expression by impairing JNK phosphorylation. Thus, 67LR may be a potential target for the development of novel anti-thrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Holy
- Cardiovascular Research, Physiology Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) signaling through the EP(1) receptor does not affect prostacyclin production in human endothelial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 90:31-6. [PMID: 19647091 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) may play an important role in colon carcinogenesis. Thus, blockage of this pathway may be a suitable strategy for colon cancer chemoprevention. Recent clinical studies suggest that COX-2 inhibitors cause adverse cardiovascular effects due to prostacyclin (PGI(2)) inhibition. To test our hypothesis that inhibition of PGE(2) signaling through E-prostanoid (EP) receptors may offer a safer cardiovascular profile than COX-2 inhibition, we analyzed expression of 6-keto PGF(1alpha), a hydrated form of PGI(2) and PGI(2) synthase, which was stimulated with cytokines in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with the EP(1) receptor antagonist ONO-8711 or the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. ONO-8711 did not inhibit both 6-keto PGF(1alpha) production and PGIS expression, whereas celecoxib did in HUVECs. ONO-8711 also inhibited cytokine-induced tissue factor expression in HUVECs. These results suggest that ONO-8711 may be a safer chemopreventive agent with respect to cardiovascular events.
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Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen and its domain 5 inhibit migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells through the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Oncogene 2009; 28:2756-65. [PMID: 19483730 PMCID: PMC2861141 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and/or urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in a variety of cancers have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. High-molecular-weight kininogen can be hydrolysed by plasma kallikrein to bradykinin and cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa). HKa and its domain 5 (D5) both have been shown to have potent anti-angiogenic activity. We now show that HKa blocks human prostate cancer cell (DU145) migration by 76.0+/-2.4% at 300 nM and invasion by 78.0+/-12.9% at 11.1 nM. D5 inhibits tumor migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Stimulation by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor results in clustering of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the surface of DU145 cells. The co-localization of uPAR and EGFR is prevented by HKa. Immunoprecipitation suggests that uPAR, EGFR and alpha5beta1 integrin formed a ternary complex. Immunoblotting shows that HKa significantly decreases the bFGF-transactivated phosphorylation of EGFR at Tyr 1173 between 30 min and 4 h. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT, which are downstream effectors of EGFR, is also inhibited by HKa. These novel data indicate that HKa and D5 inhibit migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells through an EGFR/uPAR pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of HKa and D5 to decrease metastasis of human prostate cancer.
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Rössler OG, Thiel G. Thrombin induces Egr-1 expression in fibroblasts involving elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, phosphorylation of ERK and activation of ternary complex factor. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:40. [PMID: 19432968 PMCID: PMC2686679 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The serine protease thrombin catalyzes fibrin clot formation by converting fibrinogen into fibrin. Additionally, thrombin stimulation leads to an activation of stimulus-responsive transcription factors in different cell types, indicating that the gene expression pattern is changed in thrombin-stimulated cells. The objective of this study was to analyze the signaling cascade leading to the expression of the zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 in thrombin-stimulated lung fibroblasts. Results Stimulation of 39M1-81 fibroblasts with thrombin induced a robust and transient biosynthesis of Egr-1. Reporter gene analysis revealed that the newly synthesized Egr-1 was biologically active. The signaling cascade connecting thrombin stimulation with Egr-1 gene expression required elevated levels of cytosolic Ca2+, the activation of diacylgycerol-dependent protein kinase C isoenzymes, and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). Stimulation of the cells with thrombin triggered the phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk-1. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 completely prevented Egr-1 expression in stimulated 39M1-81 cells, indicating that Elk-1 or related ternary complex factors connect the intracellular signaling cascade elicited by activation of protease-activated receptors with transcription of the Egr-1 gene. Lentiviral-mediated expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1, a dual-specific phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK in the nucleus, prevented Elk-1 phosphorylation and Egr-1 biosynthesis in thrombin stimulated 39M1-81 cells, confirming the importance of nuclear ERK and Elk-1 for the upregulation of Egr-1 expression in thrombin-stimulated lung fibroblasts. 39M1-81 cells additionally express M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. A comparison between the signaling cascades induced by thrombin or carbachol showed no differences, except that signal transduction via M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors required the transactivation of the EGF receptor, while thrombin signaling did not. Conclusion This study shows that stimulus-transcription coupling in thrombin-treated lung fibroblasts relies on the elevation of the intracellular Ca2+-concentration and the activation of PKC and ERK. In the nucleus, ternary complex factors function as key proteins linking the intracellular signaling cascade with enhanced transcription of the Egr-1 gene. This study further shows that the dominant-negative Elk-1 mutant is a valuable tool to study Elk-1-mediated gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Moxon CA, Heyderman RS, Wassmer SC. Dysregulation of coagulation in cerebral malaria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009; 166:99-108. [PMID: 19450727 PMCID: PMC2724037 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The nature of the pathogenetic processes leading to the cerebral complications remains poorly understood. It has recently emerged that in addition to their conventional role in the regulation of haemostasis, coagulation factors have an inflammatory role that is pivotal in the pathogenesis of a number of acute and chronic conditions, including CM. This new insight offers important therapeutic potential. This review explores the clinical, histological and molecular evidence for the dysregulation of the coagulation system in CM, looking at possible underlying mechanisms. We discuss areas for future research to improve understanding of CM pathogenesis and for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Alan Moxon
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Chichiri, PO Box 30096, Blantyre 3, Malawi.
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Mezzano D, Matus V, Sáez CG, Pereira J, Panes O. Tissue factor storage, synthesis and function in normal and activated human platelets. Thromb Res 2008; 122 Suppl 1:S31-6. [PMID: 18691497 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(08)70016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The source and significance of blood-borne tissue factor (TF) are controversial. The presence of TF in platelets was initially attributed to transfer of the protein from other cells (e.g., monocytes) and/or TF-bearing microparticles. Recently, TF-mRNA, neo-synthesis of the protein and TF-dependent procoagulant activity (PCA) have been reported in human platelets. The storage of "encrypted", potentially active TF in circulating, non-stimulated platelets remains debatable. One report strongly suggests that the starting of platelet PCA depends on de novo TF synthesis induced by platelet activation, whereas others provide persuasive evidence that platelets circulate with preformed TF, readily functional upon demand. These findings may have an impact on our current ideas of physiological hemostasis and thrombus formation. In fact, platelets would lead not only the formation of the primary plug, but in this microenvironment they would also contribute to the triggering of thrombin generation, fibrin deposition, clot consolidation and initial protection from fibrinolysis. Much research is needed to validate this platelet-based hemostasis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mezzano
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Liu Y, Cao DJ, Sainz IM, Guo YL, Colman RW. The inhibitory effect of HKa in endothelial cell tube formation is mediated by disrupting the uPA-uPAR complex and inhibiting its signaling and internalization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C257-67. [PMID: 18495808 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00569.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems, we have previously shown that cleaved two-chain high-molecular-weight kininogen (HKa) or its domain 5 induced apoptosis by disrupting urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR)-integrin signal complex formation. In the present study, we used a three-dimensional (3-D) collagen-fibrinogen culture system to monitor the effects of HKa on tube formation. In a 3-D system, HKa significantly inhibited tube and vacuole formation as low as 10 nM, which represents 1.5% of the physiological concentration of high-molecular-weigh kininogen (660 nM), without apparent apoptosis. However, HKa (300 nM) completely inhibited tube formation and increased apoptotic cells about 2-fold by 20-24 h of incubation. uPA-dependent ERK activation and uPAR internalization regulate cell survival and migration. In a 2-D system, we found that exogenous uPA-induced ERK phosphorylation and uPAR internalization were blocked by HKa. In a 3-D system, we found that not only uPA-uPAR association but also the activation of ERK were inhibited by HKa. HKa disrupts the uPA-uPAR complex, inhibiting the signaling pathways, and also inhibits uPAR internalization and regeneration to the cell surface, thereby interfering with uPAR-mediated cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Thus, our data suggest that the suppression of ERK activation and uPAR internalization by HKa contributes to the inhibition of tube formation. We conclude that in this 3-D collagen-fibrinogen gel, HKa modulates the multiple functions of uPAR in endothelial cell tube formation, a process that is closely related to in vivo angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Liu
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Francischetti IMB, Seydel KB, Monteiro RQ. Blood coagulation, inflammation, and malaria. Microcirculation 2008; 15:81-107. [PMID: 18260002 DOI: 10.1080/10739680701451516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a highly prevalent disease in more than 90 countries and accounts for at least 1 million deaths every year. Plasmodium falciparum infection is often associated with a procoagulant tonus characterized by thrombocytopenia and activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system; however, bleeding and hemorrhage are uncommon events, suggesting that a compensated state of blood coagulation activation occurs in malaria. This article (i) reviews the literature related to blood coagulation and malaria in a historic perspective, (ii) describes basic mechanisms of coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis, (iii) explains the laboratory changes in acute and compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), (iv) discusses the implications of tissue factor (TF) expression in the endothelium of P. falciparum infected patients, and (v) emphasizes the procoagulant role of parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) and activated platelets in the pathogenesis of malaria. This article also presents the Tissue Factor Model (TFM) for malaria pathogenesis, which places TF as the interface between sequestration, endothelial cell (EC) activation, blood coagulation disorder, and inflammation often associated with the disease. The relevance of the coagulation-inflammation cycle for the multiorgan dysfunction and coma is discussed in the context of malaria pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M B Francischetti
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8132, USA.
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Davis DR, Erlich JH. CARDIAC TISSUE FACTOR: ROLES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND FIBROSIS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:342-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu Y, Sainz IM, Wu Y, Pixley R, Espinola RG, Hassan S, Khan MM, Colman RW. The inhibition of tube formation in a collagen-fibrinogen, three-dimensional gel by cleaved kininogen (HKa) and HK domain 5 (D5) is dependent on Src family kinases. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:774-88. [PMID: 18062965 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HKa), as well as its domain 5 (D5), inhibits migration and proliferation induced by angiogenic factors and induces apoptosis in vitro. To study its effect on tube formation we utilized a collagen-fibrinogen, three-dimensional gel, an in vitro model of angiogenesis. HKa, GST-D5 and D5 had a similar inhibitory effect of tube length by 90+/-4.5%, 86+/-5.5% and 77+/-12.9%, respectively. D5-derived synthetic peptides: G440-H455 H475-H485 and G486-K502 inhibited tube length by 51+/-3.7%, 54+/-3.8% and 77+/-1.7%, respectively. By a comparison of its inhibitory potency and its sequences, a functional sequence of HKa was defined to G486-G496. PP2, a Src family kinase inhibitor, prevented tube formation in a dose-dependent manner (100-400 nM), but PP3 at 5 microM, an inactive analogue of PP2, did not. HKa and D5 inhibited Src 416 phosphorylation by 62+/-12.3% and 83+/-6.1%, respectively. The C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) inhibits Src kinase activity. Using a siRNA to Csk, expression of Csk was down-regulated by 86+/-7.0%, which significantly increased tube length by 27+/-5.8%. The addition of HKa and D5 completely blocked this effect. We further showed that HKa inhibited Src family kinase activity by disrupting the complex of uPAR, alphavbeta3 integrin and Src. Our results indicate that the anti-angiogenic effect of HKa and D5 is mediated at least in part through Src family kinases and identify a potential novel target for therapeutic inhibition of neovascularization in cancer and inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Liu
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Bian ZM, Elner SG, Elner VM. Thrombin-induced VEGF expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:2738-46. [PMID: 17525207 PMCID: PMC2128055 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of thrombin and thrombin in combination with other proangiogenic factors on VEGF expression in hRPE cells. METHODS hRPE cells were stimulated with thrombin TNF-alpha, monocytes, and TGF-beta2. After stimulation, conditioned medium and lysed cells were subjected to ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR analyses. Inhibitors specific for various signal transduction pathways were used to determine the signaling pathways involved. RESULTS Treatment of RPE cells with thrombin resulted in dose- and time-dependent increases in VEGF mRNA levels and protein production. hRPE VEGF expression is predominantly protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 dependent. Approximately 80% of thrombin-induced VEGF secretion was abrogated by inhibitors of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Analyses of VEGF protein production and mRNA synthesis revealed that VEGF induction by thrombin plus TNF-alpha or coculture with monocytes was additive, whereas that by co-incubation with TGF-beta2 was synergistic. The costimulated VEGF production by TGF-beta2 plus thrombin was an average of three times higher than the sum of that induced by each agent alone. Furthermore, BAPTA [bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid], a calcium chelator, blocked the VEGF secretion induced by thrombin and thrombin plus TGF-beta2 by 65% and 20%, respectively, but had no effect on that induced by TGF-beta2 alone. CONCLUSIONS Thrombin alone and in combination with TNF-alpha, monocytes, and TGF-beta2 potently stimulated VEGF expression in hRPE cells via multiple signaling pathways. The thrombin-induced calcium mobilization may play an important permissive role in maximizing TGF-beta2-induced VEGF expression in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Mei Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Panes O, Matus V, Sáez CG, Quiroga T, Pereira J, Mezzano D. Human platelets synthesize and express functional tissue factor. Blood 2007; 109:5242-50. [PMID: 17347408 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe source and significance of bloodborne tissue factor (TF) are controversial. TF mRNA, protein, and TF-dependent procoagulant activity (PCA) have been detected in human platelets, but direct evidence of TF synthesis is missing. Nonstimulated monocyte-free platelets from most patients expressed TF mRNA, which was enhanced or induced in all of them after platelet activation. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed TF protein (mainly of a molecular weight [Mr] of approximately 47 kDa, with other bands of approximately 35 and approximately 60 kDa) in nonstimulated platelet membranes, which also increased after activation. This enhancement was concomitant with TF translocation to the plasma membrane, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence–confocal microscopy and biotinylation of membrane proteins. Platelet PCA, assessed by factor Xa (FXa) generation, was induced after activation and was inhibited by 48% and 76% with anti-TF and anti-FVIIa, respectively, but not by intrinsic pathway inhibitors. Platelets incorporated [35S]-methionine into TF proteins with Mr of approximately 47 kDa, approximately 35 kDa, and approximately 60 kDa, more intensely after activation. Puromycin but not actinomycin D or DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) inhibited TF neosynthesis. Thus, human platelets not only assemble the clotting reactions on their membrane, but also supply their own TF for thrombin generation in a timely and spatially circumscribed process. These observations simplify, unify, and provide a more coherent formulation of the current cell-based model of hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Panes
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Vinten-Johansen J, Jiang R, Reeves JG, Mykytenko J, Deneve J, Jobe LJ. Inflammation, proinflammatory mediators and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2007; 21:123-45. [PMID: 17258123 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic myocardium must be reperfused to terminate the ischemic event; otherwise the entire myocardium involved in the area at risk will not survive. However, there is a cost to reperfusion that may offset the intended clinical benefits of minimizing infarct size, postischemic endothelial and microvascular damage, blood flow defects, and contractile dysfunction. There are many contributors to this reperfusion injury. Targeting only one factor in the complex web of reperfusion injury is not effective because the untargeted mechanisms induce injury. An integrated strategy of reducing reperfusion injury in the catheterization laboratory involves controlling both the conditions and the composition of the reperfusate. Mechanical interventions such as gradually restoring blood flow or applying postconditioning may be used independently in or conjunction with various cardioprotective pharmaceuticals in an integrated strategy of reperfusion therapeutics to reduce postischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Department of Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory Crawford Long Hospital, Emory University, 550 Peachtree Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30308-2225, USA.
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