1
|
Samodelov SL, Gai Z, De Luca F, Haldimann K, Hobbie SN, Müller D, Kullak-Ublick GA, Visentin M. L-carnitine co-administration prevents colistin-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and reduces the risk of acute kidney injury in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16444. [PMID: 39013979 PMCID: PMC11252255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic currently experiencing renewed clinical interest due to its efficacy in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. The frequent onset of acute dose-dependent kidney injury, with the potential of leading to long-term renal damage, has limited its use and hampered adequate dosing regimens, increasing the risk of suboptimal plasma concentrations during treatment. The mechanism of colistin-induced renal toxicity has been postulated to stem from mitochondrial damage, yet there is no direct evidence of colistin acting as a mitochondrial toxin. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether colistin can directly induce mitochondrial toxicity and, if so, uncover the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that colistin leads to a rapid permeability transition of mitochondria isolated from mouse kidney that was fully prevented by co-incubation of the mitochondria with desensitizers of the mitochondrial transition pore cyclosporin A or L-carnitine. The protective effect of L-carnitine was confirmed in experiments in primary cultured mouse tubular cells. Consistently, the relative risk of colistin-induced kidney damage, calculated based on histological analysis as well as by the early marker of tubular kidney injury, Kim-1, was halved under co-administration with L-carnitine in vivo. Notably, L-carnitine neither affected the pharmacokinetics of colistin nor its antimicrobial activity against relevant bacterial strains. In conclusion, colistin targets the mitochondria and induces permeability transition thereof. L-carnitine prevents colistin-induced permeability transition in vitro. Moreover, L-carnitine co-administration confers partial nephroprotection in mice treated with colistin, without interfering with its pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Samodelov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klara Haldimann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sven N Hobbie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Müller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
- Mechanistic Safety, Patient Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Novartis Pharma, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gibb Z, Aitken RJ, Sheridan AR, Holt B, Waugh S, Swegen A. The effects of oxidative stress and intracellular calcium on mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation in equine spermatozoa. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:143-158. [PMID: 38846376 PMCID: PMC11150759 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The in vitro storage of stallion spermatozoa for use in artificial insemination leads to oxidative stress and imbalances in calcium homeostasis that trigger the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), resulting in premature cell death. However, little is understood about the dynamics and the role of mPTP formation in mammalian spermatozoa. Here, we identify an important role for mPTP in stallion sperm Ca2+ homeostasis. We show that stallion spermatozoa do not exhibit "classical" features of mPTP; specifically, they are resistant to cyclosporin A-mediated inhibition of mPTP formation, and they do not require exogenous Ca2+ to form the mPTP. However, chelation of endogenous Ca2+ prevented mPTP formation, indicating a role for intracellular Ca2+ in this process. Furthermore, our findings suggest that this cell type can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores to form the mPTP in response to low Ca2+ environments and that under oxidative stress conditions, mPTP formation preceded a measurable increase in intracellular Ca2+, and vice versa. Contrary to previous work that identified mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as a proxy for mPTP formation, here we show that a loss of MMP can occur independently of mPTP formation, and thus MMP is not an appropriate proxy for the detection of mPTP formation. In conclusion, the mPTP plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in stallion spermatozoa, serving as an important regulatory mechanism for normal sperm function, thereby contraindicating the in vitro pharmacological inhibition of mPTP formation to enhance sperm longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zamira Gibb
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robert J. Aitken
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alecia R. Sheridan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brandan Holt
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stephanie Waugh
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Aleona Swegen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA). An immunological feature is the excessive activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Massive hypercytokinemia is strongly associated with its pathogenesis, particularly the overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-18; interferon (IFN)-γ; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, heterozygous mutations in causative genes for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and in vivo exposure to highly elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-18 might induce natural killer cell dysfunction and decrease their numbers, respectively. A proper diagnosis is important to begin appropriate therapeutic interventions and change an unfavorable prognosis. The 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for MAS have a high diagnostic performance; however, the diagnostic sensitivity for onset is relatively low. Therefore, careful monitoring of laboratory values during the course of MAS is necessary to diagnose it early in s-JIA. Further studies on the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity using serum cytokine profile and a targeted cytokine strategy are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gui Q, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Insights into the modulatory role of cyclosporine A and its research advances in acute inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107420. [PMID: 33540245 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A(CsA), a classic immunosuppressant, is mainly applied for solid organ transplantation and some autoimmune diseases by suppressing T lymphocytes. Early studies showed that the application of CsA is primarily focused on chronic but not acute inflammation, nevertheless, increasing evidence supporting a role for CsA in acute inflammation, although most of proofs come from experimental models. It has long been known to us that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is the target of CsA to regulate T lymphocytes. However, NFAT also contributes to the regulation of innate immune cells, thus, CsA can not only target lymphocytes but also innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, which provides a basis for CsA to act on acute inflammation. Moreover, some other pathophysiological events in acute inflammation such as decreased vascular activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and endogenous cell apoptosis can also be alleviated by CsA. There being a moderate successes in the application of CsA for experimental acute inflammation such as sepsis, trauma/hemorrhagic shock and ischemic/reperfusion injury, yet data of the clinical treatment is not clear. In this review, we will critically analyze the existing hypotheses, summarize the application of CsA and its possible mechanisms in various acute inflammation over the past few decades, hope to provide some clues for the clinical treatment of acute inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Gui
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shao J, Li M, Guo Z, Jin C, Zhang F, Ou C, Xie Y, Tan S, Wang Z, Zheng S, Wang X. TPP-related mitochondrial targeting copper (II) complex induces p53-dependent apoptosis in hepatoma cells through ROS-mediated activation of Drp1. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:149. [PMID: 31744518 PMCID: PMC6862763 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, copper complexes have gradually become the focus of potential anticancer drugs due to their available redox properties and low toxicity. In this study, a novel mitochondrion-targeting copper (II) complex, [Cu (ttpy-tpp)Br2] Br (simplified as CTB), is first synthesized by our group. CTB with tri-phenyl-phosphine (TPP), a targeting and lipophilic group, can cross the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes of tumor cells. The present study aims to investigate how CTB affects mitochondrial functions and exerts its anti-tumor activity in hepatoma cells. Methods Multiple molecular experiments including Flow cytometry, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Tracker staining, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Molecular docking simulation were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Human hepatoma cells were subcutaneously injected into right armpit of male nude mice for evaluating the effects of CTB in vivo. Results CTB induced apoptosis via collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS production, Bax mitochondrial aggregation as well as cytochrome c release, indicating that CTB-induced apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial pathway in human hepatoma cells. Mechanistic study revealed that ROS-related mitochondrial translocation of p53 was involved in CTB-mediated apoptosis. Simultaneously, elevated mitochondrial Drp1 levels were also observed, and interruption of Drp1 activation played critical role in p53-dependent apoptosis. CTB also strongly suppressed the growth of liver cancer xenografts in vivo. Conclusion In human hepatoma cells, CTB primarily induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes accumulation of ROS, leading to activation of Drp1. These stimulation signals accelerate mitochondrial accumulation of p53 and lead to the eventual apoptosis. Our research shows that CTB merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaochen Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shibata T, Yoneda M, Morikawa D, Ohta Y. Time-lapse imaging of Ca 2+-induced swelling and permeability transition: Single mitochondrion study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:288-296. [PMID: 30659803 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are closely related to the membrane structure. Mitochondrial swelling, which is accompanied with dissipation of the crista structure and rupture of the outer membrane, have been observed as mitochondrial damage when mitochondria are under Ca2+-overload or oxidative stress. Although these phenomena have been well studied, the detailed behaviors of individual mitochondria upon swelling remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed behavior of mitochondrial volume upon addition of Ca2+. Here, we report for the first time, time-lapse measurements of single mitochondrion swelling and permeability transition induced by Ca2+ by optical microscopy. We added 220 μM Ca2+ to mitochondria, and found that 1) the swelling rate depended on the mitochondrion, 2) a small number of mitochondria showed step-like swelling, 3) cyclosporin A decreased the percentage of mitochondria that underwent swelling induced by Ca2+, but did not affect the amplitude of swelling, 4) permeability transition is necessary but not sufficient for Ca2+-induced swelling, 5) permeability transition is more sensitive to Ca2+ than swelling, 6) Ca2+ stimulated mitochondrial swelling after permeability transition. These results suggest that single mitochondrion measurement of swelling is a powerful tool for examining the regulation of mitochondrial structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shibata
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mayu Yoneda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morikawa
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Okamoto N, Yokota S, Takei S, Okura Y, Kubota T, Shimizu M, Nozawa T, Iwata N, Umebayashi H, Kinjo N, Kunishima T, Yasumura J, Mori M. Clinical practice guidance for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 2018. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:41-59. [PMID: 30126298 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1514724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common disease in pediatric rheumatism. There is no specific symptom or examination finding for JIA, and the diagnosis is made by exclusion and differentiation. Because non-pediatric rheumatologists are sometimes involved in medical care, 'proposal for JIA guidance on diagnosis and treatment for primary care pediatricians and non-pediatric rheumatologists' was first published in 2007. In these 10 years, a number of new findings on pathophysiology and treatment of JIA have been published; therefore, we propose this guidance of 2018th edition aiming at updating and standardization of JIA medical care in Japan. This edition included the management of uveitis, macrophage activation syndrome, infectious diseases before and during treatment. Moreover, details of biologics are also described. Although this guidance is tailored to adaptation of examinations and drugs, we do not purpose to limit the physicians' discretion in clinical practice. This guidance should be viewed as recommendations and be individualized according to the condition of the patient. We hope that medical care for JIA will advance and more patients will get benefit based on this guidance. Then, further revisions are needed due to changes in future conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Okamoto
- a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Japan
| | - Shumpei Yokota
- b Laboratory of Pediatric Research , Institute of Tokyo Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Syuji Takei
- c Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Yuka Okura
- d Department of Pediatrics , KKR Sapporo Medical Center , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubota
- c Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- e Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Tomo Nozawa
- f Department of Pediatrics , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Naomi Iwata
- g Department of Infection and Immunology , Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center , Obu , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Umebayashi
- h Department of General Pediatrics , Miyagi Children's Hospital , Sendai , Japan
| | - Noriko Kinjo
- i Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nishihara , Japan
| | - Tomoko Kunishima
- i Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nishihara , Japan
| | - Junko Yasumura
- j Department of Pediatrics , Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- k Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bak DH, Na J, Choi MJ, Lee BC, Oh CT, Kim JY, Han HJ, Kim MJ, Kim TH, Kim BJ. Anti‑apoptotic effects of human placental hydrolysate against hepatocyte toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2569-2583. [PMID: 30132515 PMCID: PMC6192762 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and oxidative stress are essential for the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and fulminant hepatic failure. Human placental hydrolysate (hPH) has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the protective effects of hPH against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis were investigated in vivo. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic activities of hPH against D-GalN-induced cell death in vitro were examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with D-GaIN/LPS with or without the administration of hPH. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after D-GaIN/LPS intraperitoneal injection, and the blood and liver samples were collected for future inflammation and hepatotoxicity analyses. Changes in cell viability, apoptosis protein expression, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and the levels of proteins and mRNA associated with a protective mechanism were determined in HepG2 cells pretreated with hPH for 2 h prior to D-GalN exposure. The findings suggested that hPH treatment effectively protected against D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increasing the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. It was also found that hPH inhibited the apoptotic cell death induced by D-GalN. hPH activated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, which were further upregulated by the Kelch-like ECH2-associated protein 1-p62-nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, a component of oxidative stress defense mechanisms. Furthermore, hPH markedly reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and rescued mitochondrial loss and dysfunction through the reduction of damage-regulated autophagy modulator, p53, and C/EBP homologous protein. Collectively, hPH exhibited a protective role in hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and maintaining cell homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and minimization of the autophagy progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13595, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Yong Kim
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13595, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13595, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon‑si, Gyeonggi 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teixeira J, Oliveira C, Cagide F, Amorim R, Garrido J, Borges F, Oliveira PJ. Discovery of a new mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor based on gallic acid. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29513043 PMCID: PMC6010063 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1442831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions targeting mitochondria present several barriers for a complete efficacy. Therefore, a new mitochondriotropic antioxidant (AntiOxBEN3) based on the dietary antioxidant gallic acid was developed. AntiOxBEN3 accumulated several thousand-fold inside isolated rat liver mitochondria, without causing disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation apparatus, as seen by the unchanged respiratory control ratio, phosphorylation efficiency, and transmembrane electric potential. AntiOxBEN3 showed also limited toxicity on human hepatocarcinoma cells. Moreover, AntiOxBEN3 presented robust iron-chelation and antioxidant properties in both isolated liver mitochondria and cultured rat and human cell lines. Along with its low toxicity profile and high antioxidant activity, AntiOxBEN3 strongly inhibited the calcium-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. From our data, AntiOxBEN3 can be considered as a lead compound for the development of a new class of mPTP inhibitors and be used as mPTP de-sensitiser for basic research or clinical applications or emerge as a therapeutic application in mitochondria dysfunction-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Teixeira
- a CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech , Cantanhede , Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- a CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- a CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ricardo Amorim
- a CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB) , Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research , University of Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- e Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP) , Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- a CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- b Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech , Cantanhede , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teixeira J, Amorim R, Santos K, Soares P, Datta S, Cortopassi GA, Serafim TL, Sardão VA, Garrido J, Borges F, Oliveira PJ. Disruption of mitochondrial function as mechanism for anti-cancer activity of a novel mitochondriotropic menadione derivative. Toxicology 2017; 393:123-139. [PMID: 29141199 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Menadione, also known as vitamin K3, is a 2-methyl-1,4 naphthoquinone with a potent cytotoxic activity mainly resulting from its quinone redox-cycling with production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although increased ROS generation is considered a relevant mechanism in cancer cell death, it may not be sufficiently effective to kill cancer cells due to phenotypic adaptations. Therefore, combining ROS-generating agents with other molecules targeting important cancer cell phenotypes can be an effective therapeutic strategy. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in many human diseases, including cancer, we describe here the discovery of a mitochondrial-directed agent (MitoK3), which was developed by conjugating a TPP cation to the C3 position of the menadione's naphthoquinone ring, increasing its selective accumulation in mitochondria, as well as led to alterations of its redox properties and consequent biological outcome. MitoK3 disturbed the mitochondrial bioenergetic apparatus, with subsequent loss of mitochondrial ATP production. The combinatory strategy of MitoK3 with anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) resulted in a degree of cytotoxicity higher than those of the individual molecules, as the combination triggered tumour apoptotic cell death evident by caspase 3/9 activities, probably through mitochondrial destabilization or by interference with mitochondrial redox processes. The results of this investigation support the importance of drug discovery process in developing molecules that can be use as adjuvant therapy in patients with specific cancer subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Teixeira
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Amorim
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Katia Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Gino A Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Teresa L Serafim
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Teixeira J, Cagide F, Benfeito S, Soares P, Garrido J, Baldeiras I, Ribeiro JA, Pereira CM, Silva AF, Andrade PB, Oliveira PJ, Borges F. Development of a Mitochondriotropic Antioxidant Based on Caffeic Acid: Proof of Concept on Cellular and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Models. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7084-7098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Teixeira
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
- CNC—Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech
Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Neurochemistry, Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal
| | - José A. Ribeiro
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - António F. Silva
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-Laboratory
of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech
Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lemoine S, Pillot B, Augeul L, Rabeyrin M, Varennes A, Normand G, Baetz D, Ovize M, Juillard L. Dose and timing of injections for effective cyclosporine A pretreatment before renal ischemia reperfusion in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182358. [PMID: 28796779 PMCID: PMC5552114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is experimental evidence that lethal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is largely due to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, which can be prevented by cyclosporine A (CsA). The aim of our study is to show that a higher dose of CsA (10 mg/kg) injected just before ischemia or a lower dose of CsA (3 mg/kg) injected further in advance of ischemia (1 h) protects the kidneys and improves mitochondrial function. Methods All mice underwent a right unilateral nephrectomy followed by 30 min clamping of the left renal artery. Mice in the control group did not receive any pharmacological treatment. Mice in the three groups treated by CsA were injected at different times and with different doses, namely 3 mg/kg 1 h or 10 min before ischemia or 10 mg/kg 10 min before ischemia. After 24 h of reperfusion, the plasma creatinine level were measured, the histological score was assessed and mitochondria were isolated to calculate the calcium retention capacity (CRC) and level of oxidative phosphorylation. Results Mortality and renal function was significantly higher in the CsA 10 mg/kg-10 min and CsA 3mg/kg-1 h groups than in the CsA 3mg/kg-10 min group. Likewise, the CRC was significantly higher in the former two groups than in the latter, suggesting that the improved renal function was due to a longer delay in the opening of the mPTP. Oxidative phosphorylation levels were also higher 24 h after reperfusion in the protected groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that the protection afforded by CsA is likely limited by its availability. The dose and timing of the injections are therefore crucial to ensure that the treatment is effective, but these findings may prove challenging to apply in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lemoine
- Université Lyon1, Inserm 1060CarMeN, Lyon, France
- Renal function unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Nephrology department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Pillot
- Université Lyon1, Inserm 1060CarMeN, Lyon, France
| | | | - Maud Rabeyrin
- Anatomopathology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Varennes
- Biology department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gabrielle Normand
- Université Lyon1, Inserm 1060CarMeN, Lyon, France
- Nephrology department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Michel Ovize
- Université Lyon1, Inserm 1060CarMeN, Lyon, France
- Cardiovascular Explorations, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Juillard
- Université Lyon1, Inserm 1060CarMeN, Lyon, France
- Nephrology department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kozlov AV, Lancaster JR, Meszaros AT, Weidinger A. Mitochondria-meditated pathways of organ failure upon inflammation. Redox Biol 2017; 13:170-181. [PMID: 28578275 PMCID: PMC5458092 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver failure induced by systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction but the mechanism linking SIRS and mitochondria-mediated liver failure is still a matter of discussion. Current hypotheses suggest that causative events could be a drop in ATP synthesis, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, specific changes in mitochondrial morphology, impaired Ca2+ uptake, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), turnover of mitochondria and imbalance in electron supply to the respiratory chain. The aim of this review is to critically analyze existing hypotheses, in order to highlight the most promising research lines helping to prevent liver failure induced by SIRS. Evaluation of the literature shows that there is no consistent support that impaired Ca++ metabolism, electron transport chain function and ultrastructure of mitochondria substantially contribute to liver failure. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the drop in ATP levels has protective rather than a deleterious character. Recent data suggest that the most critical mitochondrial event occurring upon SIRS is the release of mtROS in cytoplasm, which can activate two specific intracellular signaling cascades. The first is the mtROS-mediated activation of NADPH-oxidase in liver macrophages and endothelial cells; the second is the acceleration of the expression of inflammatory genes in hepatocytes. The signaling action of mtROS is strictly controlled in mitochondria at three points, (i) at the site of ROS generation at complex I, (ii) the site of mtROS release in cytoplasm via permeability transition pore, and (iii) interaction with specific kinases in cytoplasm. The systems controlling mtROS-signaling include pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, Ca2+ and NADPH-oxidase. Analysis of the literature suggests that further research should be focused on the impact of mtROS on organ failure induced by inflammation and simultaneously providing a new theoretical basis for a targeted therapy of overwhelmed inflammatory response. Relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and high lethality upon sepsis. Criteria to define critical for lethality mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP, calcium, mitochondrial ultrastructure and apoptosis, upon inflammation. Regulation of inflammatory processes by mitochondrial ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingen Str. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Surgery, and Medicine, 1341A Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, PA 15261, United States
| | - Andras T Meszaros
- University of Szeged, Institute of Surgical Research, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingen Str. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi X, Osaki H, Matsunomoto Y, Fujita C, Shinohe D, Ashida N, Choi H, Ohta Y. Partial contribution of mitochondrial permeability transition to t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:33-38. [PMID: 28955886 PMCID: PMC5613252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is thought to determine cell death under oxidative stress. However, MPT inhibitors only partially suppress oxidative stress-induced cell death. Here, we demonstrate that cells in which MPT is inhibited undergo cell death under oxidative stress. When C6 cells were exposed to 250 μM t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), the loss of a membrane potential-sensitive dye (tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, TMRE) from mitochondria was observed, indicating mitochondrial depolarization leading to cell death. The fluorescence of calcein entrapped in mitochondria prior to addition of t-BuOOH was significantly decreased to 70% after mitochondrial depolarization. Cyclosporin A suppressed the decrease in mitochondrial calcein fluorescence, but not mitochondrial depolarization. These results show that t-BuOOH induced cell death even when it did not induce MPT. Prior to MPT, lactate production and respiration were hampered. Taken together, these data indicate that the decreased turnover rate of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration may be as vital as MPT for cell death induced under moderate oxidative stress. Cell death was induced in C6 cells by 250 μM t-BuOOH. Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) occurred before cell death. MPT was confirmed by observing calcein fluorescence in mitochondria. MPT inhibition did not prevent depolarization of mitochondria and cell death. Contribution of MPT to cell death is partial under moderate oxidative stress.
Collapse
Key Words
- AM, acetoxymethyl ester
- Cell death
- CsA, cyclosporin A
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HBS, HEPES-buffered saline
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- Mitochondria
- Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- Oxidative stress
- PPIase, peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TMRE, tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester
- t-BuOOH, t-butyl hydroperoxide
- t-butyl hydroperoxide
- ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hikaru Osaki
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsunomoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chisako Fujita
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinohe
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Naoko Ashida
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hyunjin Choi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novgorodov SA, Riley CL, Yu J, Keffler JA, Clarke CJ, Van Laer AO, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Gudz TI. Lactosylceramide contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:546-62. [PMID: 26900161 PMCID: PMC4808764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have been implicated as key mediators of cell-stress responses and effectors of mitochondrial function. To investigate potential mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, an important contributor to diabetic cardiomyopathy, we examined alterations of cardiac sphingolipid metabolism in a mouse with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Diabetes increased expression of desaturase 1, (dihydro)ceramide synthase (CerS)2, serine palmitoyl transferase 1, and the rate of ceramide formation by mitochondria-resident CerSs, indicating an activation of ceramide biosynthesis. However, the lack of an increase in mitochondrial ceramide suggests concomitant upregulation of ceramide-metabolizing pathways. Elevated levels of lactosylceramide, one of the initial products in the formation of glycosphingolipids were accompanied with decreased respiration and calcium retention capacity (CRC) in mitochondria from diabetic heart tissue. In baseline mitochondria, lactosylceramide potently suppressed state 3 respiration and decreased CRC, suggesting lactosylceramide as the primary sphingolipid responsible for mitochondrial defects in diabetic hearts. Moreover, knocking down the neutral ceramidase (NCDase) resulted in an increase in lactosylceramide level, suggesting a crosstalk between glucosylceramide synthase- and NCDase-mediated ceramide utilization pathways. These data suggest the glycosphingolipid pathway of ceramide metabolism as a promising target to correct mitochondrial abnormalities associated with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Novgorodov
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | | - Jin Yu
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Jarryd A Keffler
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | | - An O Van Laer
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401 Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401 Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Michael R Zile
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401 Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Tatyana I Gudz
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Novoderezhkina EA, Zhivotovsky BD, Gogvadze VG. Induction of unspecific permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane and its role in cell death. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Kučera O, Lotková H, Sobotka O, Červinková Z. The effect of D-galactosamine on lean and steatotic rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S637-46. [PMID: 26674289 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our work was to compare the effect of D-galactosamine (GalN) on primary cultures of lean and steatotic rat hepatocytes isolated from intact and fatty liver, respectively. GalN caused more severe injury to steatotic hepatocytes than to lean cells as documented by lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Necrotic mode of cell death strongly prevails over apoptosis since we did not observe any significant increase in activities of caspase 3, 8 and 9 in any group of hepatocytes treated with GalN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by GalN and were significantly more pronounced in fatty hepatocytes. A decrease in the percentage of hepatocytes with energized mitochondria was observed from 30 mM and 10 mM GalN in lean and steatotic hepatocytes, respectively. Our results undoubtedly indicate that steatotic hepatocytes exert higher sensitivity to the toxic effect of GalN. This sensitivity may be caused by more intensive GalN-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation and by higher susceptibility of mitochondria to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in steatotic hepatocytes. In our experimental arrangement, apoptosis does not seem to participate considerably on hepatotoxic action of GalN in either group of hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bernardi P, Rasola A, Forte M, Lippe G. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore: Channel Formation by F-ATP Synthase, Integration in Signal Transduction, and Role in Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1111-55. [PMID: 26269524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP). After a brief historical introduction, we cover the key regulatory features of the PTP and provide a critical assessment of putative protein components that have been tested by genetic analysis. The discovery that under conditions of oxidative stress the F-ATP synthases of mammals, yeast, and Drosophila can be turned into Ca(2+)-dependent channels, whose electrophysiological properties match those of the corresponding PTPs, opens new perspectives to the field. We discuss structural and functional features of F-ATP synthases that may provide clues to its transition from an energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device as well as recent advances on signal transduction to the PTP and on its role in cellular pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael Forte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Priber J, Fonai F, Jakus PB, Racz B, Chinopoulos C, Tretter L, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Veres B. Cyclophilin D disruption attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in primary mouse macrophages. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:241-50. [PMID: 25728038 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent results, various mitochondrial processes can actively regulate the immune response. In the present report, we studied whether mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) has such a role. To this end, we compared bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in cyclophilin D (CypD) knock-out and wild-type mouse resident peritoneal macrophages. CypD is a regulator of mPT; therefore, mPT is damaged in CypD(-/-) cells. We chose this genetic modification-based model because the mPT inhibitor cyclosporine A regulates inflammatory processes by several pathways unrelated to the mitochondria. The LPS increased mitochondrial depolarisation, cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, nuclear factor-κB activation, and nitrite- and tumour necrosis factor α accumulation in wild-type cells, but these changes were diminished or absent in the CypD-deficient macrophages. Additionally, LPS enhanced Akt phosphorylation/activation as well as FOXO1 and FOXO3a phosphorylation/inactivation both in wild-type and CypD(-/-) cells. However, Akt and FOXO phosphorylation was significantly more pronounced in CypD-deficient compared to wild-type macrophages. These results provide the first pieces of experimental evidence for the functional regulatory role of mPT in the LPS-induced early inflammatory response of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Priber
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 12 Szigeti St., H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rasola A, Bernardi P. Reprint of "The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its adaptive responses in tumor cells". Cell Calcium 2015; 58:18-26. [PMID: 25828565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review covers recent progress on the nature of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) – a key effector in the mitochondrial pathways to cell death – and on the adaptive responses of tumor cells that desensitize the PTP to Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby playing an important role in the resistance of tumors to cell death. The discovery that the PTP forms from dimers of F-ATP synthase; and the definition of the Ca(2+)- and ROS-dependent signaling pathways affecting the transition of the F-ATP synthase from an energy-conserving to an energy-dissipating device open new perspectives for therapeutic intervention in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rasola A, Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its adaptive responses in tumor cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:437-45. [PMID: 25454774 PMCID: PMC4274314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review covers recent progress on the nature of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) - a key effector in the mitochondrial pathways to cell death - and on the adaptive responses of tumor cells that desensitize the PTP to Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby playing an important role in the resistance of tumors to cell death. The discovery that the PTP forms from dimers of F-ATP synthase; and the definition of the Ca(2+)- and ROS-dependent signaling pathways affecting the transition of the F-ATP synthase from an energy-conserving to an energy-dissipating device open new perspectives for therapeutic intervention in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yokota S, Kikuchi M, Nozawa T, Kanetaka T, Sato T, Yamazaki K, Sakurai N, Hara R, Mori M. Pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory diseases in childhood: "Lessons from clinical trials of anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies for Kawasaki disease, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome". Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:1-10. [PMID: 24842480 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.902747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has often been considered to be a nonspecific response and to play a bridging role in the activation of adaptive immunity. However, it is now accepted that inflammation is the product of an independent innate immune system closely linked to the adaptive immune system. The key mediators of inflammation are inflammatory cytokines, as determined by multiple lines of evidence both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the crucial role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, anti-cytokine treatment has been developed as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and inflammatory bowel diseases. We recently completed several clinical trials of anti-cytokine treatment for children with systemic inflammatory diseases: anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab) for children with two subtypes of JIA (poly-JIA and systemic JIA), anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody (infliximab) for children with Kawasaki disease, and anti-IL-1-β monoclonal antibody (canakinumab) for children with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. This review summarizes the basis of inflammation in terms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity in these systemic inflammatory diseases, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of these biologic agents, and attempts to determine the roles of individual inflammatory cytokines in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yokota
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yokota S, Kishimoto T. Tocilizumab: molecular intervention therapy in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 6:735-43. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Gambino R, Musso G, Cassader M. Redox balance in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1325-65. [PMID: 20969475 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease in the world. It encompasses a histological spectrum, ranging from simple, nonprogressive steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While liver-related complications are confined to NASH, emerging evidence suggests both simple steatosis and NASH predispose to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is currently unknown, but accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress and altered redox balance play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. We will examine intracellular mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxidative free fatty acid metabolism, leading to reactive oxygen species generation; additionally, the potential pathogenetic role of extracellular sources of reactive oxygen species in NAFLD, including increased myeloperoxidase activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein accumulation, will be reviewed. We will discuss how these mechanisms converge to determine the whole pathophysiological spectrum of NAFLD, including hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and fibrogenesis. Finally, available animal and human data on treatment opportunities with older and newer antioxidant will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Westrich J, Yaeger P, He C, Stewart J, Chen R, Seleznik G, Larson S, Wentworth B, O'callaghan M, Wadsworth S, Akita G, Molnar G. Factors Affecting Residence Time of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) Injected into the Myocardium. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:937-48. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x494911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic mechanism of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is not well understood. Our goal was to get insights into this mechanism by analyzing the survival kinetics of allogeneic and syngeneic cell transplants under different tissue conditions. Two MSC cell banks, stably and equally expressing the luciferase reporter construct, were developed for these studies and injected directly to the myocardium of Lewis rat recipients under syngeneic or allogeneic transplantation conditions. Cell survival was monitored by real-time fashion for up to 2 weeks, using optical imaging device (IVIS, Xenogen Corp.). We found that both syngeneic and allogeneic grafts reduced significantly in size during the first week of transplantation, either in the normal or in the late infarcted heart (5 days after MI) and allotransplants became always smaller than syngeneic grafts during this period. Low dose of cyclosporine A treatment had a benefit on both allo- and syngeneic graft sizes, suggesting that multiple mechanisms play a role in early graft reduction. The MSC characteristic factors IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF were well above the control level in the heart tissue at 4 days after cell injection, suggesting that the peak therapeutic effect of MSC can be expected during the first week of the administration. Although allogeneic cells induced immunoglobulin production, their biological effects (cell survival, factor productions) are very similar to the syngeneic transplants and therefore they could deliver the same therapeutic effect as the syngeneic cells. Finally, freshly infarcted tissue (30 min) supported better the survival of MSC than late postischemic tissue (5 days) but only “off the shelf” allogeneic cell transplants fits with this treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Westrich
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Peter Yaeger
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Chufa He
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jeff Stewart
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Raymond Chen
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Shane Larson
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Wentworth
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Sam Wadsworth
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Akita
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Gyongyi Molnar
- Cardiovascular Department of Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Halter J, Schüpbach W, Casali C, Elhasid R, Fay K, Hammans S, Illa I, Kappeler L, Krähenbühl S, Lehmann T, Mandel H, Marti R, Mattle H, Orchard K, Savage D, Sue CM, Valcarcel D, Gratwohl A, Hirano M. Allogeneic hematopoietic SCT as treatment option for patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): a consensus conference proposal for a standardized approach. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:330-337. [PMID: 20436523 PMCID: PMC4578692 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) has been proposed as a treatment for patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). HSCT has been performed in nine patients using different protocols with varying success. Based on this preliminary experience, participants of the first consensus conference propose a common approach to allogeneic HSCT in MNGIE. Standardization of the transplant protocol and the clinical and biochemical assessments will allow evaluation of the safety and efficacy of HSCT as well as optimization of therapy for patients with MNGIE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Halter
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wmm Schüpbach
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux & INSERM UMR 679, Pitié-Salpxêtrière Group, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital-Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Casali
- Neurology, La Sapienza University, University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Elhasid
- Pediatric-Oncology, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - K Fay
- Department of Hematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Hammans
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - I Illa
- Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Kappeler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital-Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Krähenbühl
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Lehmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Mandel
- Pediatrics, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Marti
- Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Mattle
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux & INSERM UMR 679, Pitié-Salpxêtrière Group, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital-Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Orchard
- Department of Haematology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D Savage
- Department of Haematology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - C M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, University of Sydney Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Valcarcel
- Department of Hematology, Santa Creu i San Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gratwohl
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiao Y, Xu J, Mao C, Jin M, Wu Q, Zou J, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. 18Beta-glycyrrhetinic acid ameliorates acute Propionibacterium acnes-induced liver injury through inhibition of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1128-37. [PMID: 19897483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
18Beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the major bioactive component of licorice root extract, has a protective effect on hepatic injury and exhibits antiinflammatory activity. Here, we investigate the effect of GA in Propionibacterium acnes-induced acute inflammatory liver injury. C57BL/6 mice were primed with P. acnes followed by lipopolysaccharide challenge to induce fulminant hepatitis. GA (75 mg/kg) or vehicle control was administered intraperitoneally daily 1 day after P. acnes priming, and GA significantly improved mouse mortality. Then, to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GA in this acute inflammatory liver injury model, we primed C57BL/6 mice with P. acnes only. We propose that GA ameliorates acute P. acnes-induced liver injury through reduced macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha expression in Kupffer cells by down-regulating MyD88 expression and inhibiting NF-kappaB activation. Reduced MIP-1alpha expression lowered the recruitment of CD11c(+)B220(-) dendritic cell precursors into the liver. Consequently, GA treatment inhibits the activation and proliferation of liver-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells and reduces the production of serum alanine aminotransferase and proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, anti-MIP-1alpha treatment in P. acnes-primed mice inhibits the recruitment of dendritic cell precursors into the liver and suppresses mouse mortality as GA does. Taken together, our results suggest that GA exhibits antiinflammatory effects through inhibition of MIP-1alpha in a mouse model of acute P. acnes-induced inflammatory liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim SH, Heo JH, Kim YS, Kang SS, Choi JS, Lee SM. Protective effect of daidzin against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic failure in mice. Phytother Res 2009; 23:701-6. [PMID: 19107740 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of daidzin, a major isoflavone from Puerariae Radix, on D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver failure. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of daidzin (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) 1 h before receiving an injection of D-GalN (700 mg/kg)/LPS (10 microg/kg). Daidzin markedly reduced the elevated serum aminotransferase activity and the levels of lipid peroxidation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The glutathione content was lower in the D-GalN/LPS group, which was attenuated by daidzin. The daidzin pretreatment attenuated the swollen mitochondria observed in the d-GalN/LPS group. Daidzin attenuated the apoptosis of hepatocytes, which was confirmed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method and a caspase-3 assay. Overall, these results suggest that the liver protection of daidzin is due to reduced oxidative stress and its antiapoptotic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The mitochondrial pathway to apoptosis is a major pathway of physiological cell death in vertebrates. The mitochondrial cell death pathway commences when apoptogenic molecules present between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes are released into the cytosol by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). BCL-2 family members are the sentinels of MOMP in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway; the pro-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 proteins, BCL-2 associated x protein and BCL-2 antagonist killer 1 induce MOMP whereas the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins, BCL-2, BCL-xl and myeloid cell leukaemia 1 prevent MOMP from occurring. The release of pro-apoptotic factors such as cytochrome c from mitochondria leads to formation of a multimeric complex known as the apoptosome and initiates caspase activation cascades. These pathways are important for normal cellular homeostasis and play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the mitochondrial death pathway and focus on a selection of diseases whose pathogenesis involves the mitochondrial death pathway and we will examine the various pharmacological approaches that target this pathway.
Collapse
|
30
|
Novgorodov SA, Gudz TI, Obeid LM. Long-chain ceramide is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24707-17. [PMID: 18596045 PMCID: PMC2529003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid ceramide has been implicated in mediating cell death that is accompanied by mitochondrial functional alterations. Moreover, ceramide has been shown to accumulate in mitochondria upon induction of apoptotic processes. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of natural, highly hydrophobic long-chain ceramides on mitochondrial function in vitro. Ceramide in a dodecane/ethanol delivery system inhibited the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) induced by either oxidative stress, SH group cross-linking, or high Ca2+ load, suggesting that the inhibitory point is at a level at which major PTP regulatory pathways converge. Moreover, ceramide had no effect on well known mitochondrial components that modulate PTP activity, such as cyclophilin D, voltage-dependent anion channel, adenine nucleotide transporter, and ATP synthase. The inhibitory effect of ceramide on PTP was not stereospecific, nor was there a preference for ceramide over dihydroceramide. However, the effect of ceramide on PTP was significantly influenced by the fatty acid moiety chain length. These studies are the first to show that long-chain ceramide can influence PTP at physiologically relevant concentrations, suggesting that it is the only known potent natural inhibitor of PTP. These results suggest a novel mechanism of ceramide regulation of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Novgorodov
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401 and the Departments of
Medicine,
Neuroscience, and
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical
University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Tatyana I. Gudz
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401 and the Departments of
Medicine,
Neuroscience, and
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical
University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401 and the Departments of
Medicine,
Neuroscience, and
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical
University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Investigation of Debio 025, a cyclophilin inhibitor, in the dystrophic mdx mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:574-84. [PMID: 18641676 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disorder caused by the absence of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. This leads to muscle cell death accompanied by chronic inflammation. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive drug, which has been proposed for DMD treatment. CsA also directly regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which participates in cell death pathways through the inhibition of cyclophilin D. Here, we evaluated whether Debio 025, a cyclophilin inhibitor with no immunosuppressive activity, improves the dystrophic condition in a mouse model of DMD, through regulation of mPTP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The potency of Debio 025 to protect mouse dystrophic cells against mitochondria-mediated death was assessed by caspase-3 activity and calcium retention capacity assays. Mdx(5Cv) mice (3-week-old) were treated daily by gavage for 2 weeks with Debio 025 (10, 30 or 100 mg kg(-1)), CsA (10 mg kg(-1)) or placebo. The effects on muscle necrosis and function were measured. KEY RESULTS In vitro investigations showed protective effect of low concentrations of Debio 025 against cell death. Histology demonstrated that Debio 025 partially protected the diaphragm and soleus muscles against necrosis (10 and 100 mg kg(-1), respectively). Hindlimb muscles from mice receiving Debio 025 at 10 mg kg(-1) relaxed faster, showed alteration in the stimulation frequency-dependent recruitment of muscle fibres and displayed a higher resistance to mechanical stress. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Debio 025 partially improved the structure and the function of the dystrophic mouse muscle, suggesting that therapies targeting the mPTP may be helpful to DMD patients.
Collapse
|
32
|
Merlini L, Angelin A, Tiepolo T, Braghetta P, Sabatelli P, Zamparelli A, Ferlini A, Maraldi NM, Bonaldo P, Bernardi P. Cyclosporin A corrects mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle apoptosis in patients with collagen VI myopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:5225-9. [PMID: 18362356 PMCID: PMC2278179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800962105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy are skeletal muscle diseases that are due to mutations in the genes encoding collagen VI, an extracellular matrix protein forming a microfibrillar network that is particularly prominent in the endomysium of skeletal muscle. Myoblasts from patients affected by Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy display functional and ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations and increased apoptosis due to inappropriate opening of the permeability transition pore, a mitochondrial inner membrane channel. These alterations could be normalized by treatment with cyclosporin A, a widely used immunosuppressant that desensitizes the permeability transition pore independently of calcineurin inhibition. Here, we report the results of an open pilot trial with cyclosporin A in five patients with collagen VI myopathies. Before treatment, all patients displayed mitochondrial dysfunction and increased frequency of apoptosis, as determined in muscle biopsies. Both of these pathologic signs were largely normalized after 1 month of oral cyclosporin A administration, which also increased muscle regeneration. These findings demonstrate that collagen VI myopathies can be effectively treated with drugs acting on the pathogenic mechanism downstream of the genetic lesion, and they represent an important proof of principle for the potential therapy of genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Merlini
- *Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and
| | - Tania Tiepolo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, I-35121 Padua, Italy; and
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, I-35121 Padua, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and the Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zamparelli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and the Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- *Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nadir M. Maraldi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli and the Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, I-35121 Padua, Italy; and
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Juhaszova M, Wang S, Zorov DB, Nuss HB, Gleichmann M, Mattson MP, Sollott SJ. The identity and regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: where the known meets the unknown. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1123:197-212. [PMID: 18375592 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1420.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore complex is a key participant in the machinery that controls mitochondrial fate and, consequently, cell fate. The quest for the pore identity has been ongoing for several decades and yet the main structure remains unknown. Established "dogma" proposes that the core of the MPT pore is composed of an association of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). Recent genetic knockout experiments contradict this commonly accepted interpretation and provide a basis for substantial revision of the MPT pore identity. There is now sufficient evidence to exclude VDAC and ANT as the main pore structural components. Regarding MPT pore regulation, the role of cyclophilin D is confirmed and ANT may still serve some regulatory function, although the involvement of hexokinase II and creatine kinase remains unresolved. When cell protection signaling pathways are activated, we have found that the Bcl-2 family members relay the signal from glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta onto a target at or in close proximity to the pore. Our experimental findings in intact cardiac myocytes and neurons indicate that the current "dogma" related to the role of Ca2+ in MPT induction requires reevaluation. Emerging evidence suggests that after injury-producing stresses, reactive oxygen species (but not Ca2+) are largely responsible for the pore induction. In this article we discuss the current state of knowledge and provide new data related to the MPT pore structure and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rasola A, Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its involvement in cell death and in disease pathogenesis. Apoptosis 2008; 12:815-33. [PMID: 17294078 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current research on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and its role in cell death faces a paradox. Initially considered as an in vitro artifact of little pathophysiological relevance, in recent years the PTP has received considerable attention as a potential mechanism for the execution of cell death. The recent successful use of PTP desensitizers in several disease paradigms leaves little doubt about its relevance in pathophysiology; and emerging findings that link the PTP to key cellular signalling pathways are increasing the interest on the pore as a pharmacological target. Yet, recent genetic data have challenged popular views on the molecular nature of the PTP, and called into question many early conclusions about its structure. Here we review basic concepts about PTP structure, function and regulation within the framework of intracellular death signalling, and its role in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rasola
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim SH, Kim YS, Kang SS, Bae K, Hung TM, Lee SM. Anti-apoptotic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Gomisin A on Fulminant Hepatic Failure Induced by D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide in Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 106:225-33. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
36
|
Prendes MGM, Torresín E, González M, Fernández MA, Perazzo JC, Savino EA, Varela A. Protection of ischaemic-reperfused rat heart by dimethylamiloride is associated with inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 35:201-6. [PMID: 17941897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to assess whether protection afforded by the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger blocker dimethylamiloride (DMA) is associated with inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). The effects of DMA were compared with those of cyclosporine (Cs) A, an inhibitor of MPT. 2. Rat hearts were Langendorff perfused with Krebs'-bicarbonate medium containing 10 mmol/L glucose and were subjected to 25 min no-flow global ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion in the presence or absence of 10 micromol/L DMA or 0.2 micromol/L CsA. Cell viability was measured using tetrazolium stain. The MPT was determined by loading hearts with 2-deoxy-[(3)H]-glucose (2DG), which enters mitochondria only during MPT. Total heart 2DG content as an estimation of the extent of tissue damage was also measured. To assess whether DMA has any direct effect on glycolysis, a cell-free heart extract containing all the glycolytic enzymes was used. 3. Dimethylamiloride improved functional recovery (rate-pressure product) from 24 +/- 7 to 68 +/- 11% (P < 0.01) at reperfusion end, attenuated the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 29 +/- 7 to 6 +/- 3% 10 min after reperfusion onset; P < 0.01), improved cell viability (from 21.2 +/- 6.6 to 69.6 +/- 7.1% at reperfusion end; P < 0.05) and lessened lactate accumulation at the end of ischaemia (119 +/- 15 vs 163 +/- 14 micromol/g dry weight; P < 0.05). Dimethylamiloride limited MPT: 2DG mitochondrial entrapment, being 33.1 +/- 14.2 and 96.3 +/- 14.0 at reperfusion end in the treated and control hearts, respectively (P < 0.05), and concomitantly raised total 2DG content (51.3 +/- 4.4 vs 86.8 +/- 1.7 x 10(3) d.p.m./g wet weight in control and treated groups, respectively; P < 0.05). Cyclosporine A improved functional recovery and attenuated the amplitude of ventricular diastolic pressure in ischaemic-reperfused hearts. It also reduced mitochondrial entrapment (67.3 +/- 7.7%; P < 0.05 vs control) and increased total cell 2DG content (162.3 +/- 1.3 x 10(3) d.p.m./g wet weight; P < 0.01 vs control) at the end of reperfusion. Dimethylamiloride did not affect glucose consumption and lactate production in the cell-free heart extract. 4. In conclusion, DMA protects against the noxious effects of ischaemia-reperfusion and inhibits MPT, coinciding with present and previous findings concerning the effects of CsA. Dimethylamiloride also diminished lactate accumulation, although it did not exhibit any direct effect on glycolysis. These data suggest that blockade of Na(+)/H(+) exchange by DMA attenuates the extent of MPT in ischaemic-reperfused rat heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María G Marina Prendes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wullaert A, van Loo G, Heyninck K, Beyaert R. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB: effects on liver homeostasis and beyond. Endocr Rev 2007; 28:365-86. [PMID: 17431229 DOI: 10.1210/er.2006-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine TNF has a pivotal role in liver pathophysiology because it holds the capacity to induce both hepatocyte cell death and hepatocyte proliferation. This dual effect of TNF on hepatocytes reflects its ability to induce both nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent gene expression and cell death. Multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in the decision between life and death of a hepatocyte. Massive hepatocyte apoptosis preceding embryonic lethality in NF-kappaB-deficient mice constituted the first indication of an essential antiapoptotic function of NF-kappaB in the liver. Although many studies confirmed this crucial cytoprotective role of NF-kappaB in adult liver, a number of genetic studies recently obtained conflicting results on the exact role of NF-kappaB in different mouse models of TNF hepatotoxicity, demonstrating that caution should be taken when interpreting studies using different NF-kappaB-deficient mice in distinct models of liver injury. Recent reports showing a role for hepatic NF-kappaB activation in the proliferation of malignant cells during hepatocarcinogenesis, and in the progression of fatty liver diseases to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus demonstrate that NF-kappaB can also have more detrimental effects in the liver. Moreover, its role in the development of the metabolic syndrome emphasizes that hepatic NF-kappaB activation might also have adverse effects on the endocrine system. Therefore, understanding the regulation of hepatic TNF signaling and NF-kappaB activation is of critical therapeutic importance. In this review, we summarize how studies on the role of NF-kappaB in different mouse models of liver pathologies have contributed to this understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wullaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The permeability transition pore (PT-pore) is a multi-component protein aggregate in mitochondria that comprises factors in the inner as well as in the outer mitochondrial membrane. This complex has two functions: firstly, it regulates the integration of oxidative phosphorylation into the cellular energy household and secondly, it induces cell death when converted into an unspecific channel. The latter causes a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and activates a chain of events that culminate in the demise of the cell. It has been controversial for some time whether the PT-pore is causative for or only amplifies a signal of cell death but novel results confirm a central role of this protein complex for cell death induction. While a considerable body of data exist on its subunit composition, recent genetic knock-out experiments suggest that the identity of the core factors of the PT-pore is still unresolved. Moreover, accumulating evidence point to a much more complex composition of this protein complex than anticipated. Here, we review the current knowledge of its subunit composition, the evidence of a role in cell death, and we propose a model for the activation of the PT-pore for cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grimm
- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Navarro-Antolín J, Redondo-Horcajo M, Zaragoza C, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Fernández AP, León-Gómez E, Rodrigo J, Lamas S. Role of peroxynitrite in endothelial damage mediated by Cyclosporine A. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:394-403. [PMID: 17210452 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an effective therapy for immunosuppression, its use encompasses serious side effects that have been associated with oxidative stress. We previously reported the intracellular formation of both peroxynitrite and 3-nitrotyrosine in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) when exposed to CsA. Here we show that re-addition of CsA to BAEC increases peroxynitrite formation in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect is inhibited by the glutathione donor and antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). BAEC exposed to CsA showed impaired integrity of plasma membranes and increased cytolysis, a phenomenon prevented by NAC. When CsA was administered to mice, the increased presence of 3-nitrotyrosine was detected in the aortic endothelium, an effect also abrogated by the concomitant administration of NAC. An increase in nitrated MnSOD was detected in BAEC treated with CsA and the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 and recapitulated in recombinant MnSOD, exposed to the conditioned media from BAEC. We propose that CsA promotes nitration of specific molecular targets, such as MnSOD, within vascular endothelial cells. This may represent a pathogenetic mechanism of vascular injury. Inhibition of this process by clinically applicable antioxidants, such as NAC, lends a basis for the exploration of therapeutic alternatives in patients treated with CsA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Navarro-Antolín
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiovascular (LICAVA), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Physiological stimuli causing an increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ [Ca2+], or the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum invariably induce mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, with a rise of mitochondrial matrix free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m). The [Ca2+]m rise occurs despite the low affinity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake systems measured in vitro and the often limited amplitude of the cytoplasmic [Ca2+]c increases. The [Ca2+]m increase is typically in the 0.2-3 microM range, which allows the activation of Ca2(+)-regulated enzymes of the Krebs cycle; and it rapidly returns to the resting level if the [Ca2+], rise recedes due to activation of mitochondrial efflux mechanisms and matrix Ca2+ buffering. Mitochondria thus accumulate Ca2+ and efficiently control the spatial and temporal shape of cellular Ca2+ signals, yet this situation exposes them to the hazards of Ca2+ overload. Indeed, mitochondrial Ca2+, which is so important for metabolic regulation, can become a death factor by inducing opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP), a high conductance inner membrane channel. Persistent PTP opening is followed by depolarization with Ca2+ release, cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, matrix swelling with inner'membrane remodeling and eventually outer membrane rupture with release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic proteins. Understanding the mechanisms through which the Ca2+ signal can be shifted from a physiological signal into a pathological effector is an unresolved problem of modern pathophysiology that holds great promise for disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mitochondrial involvement in drug-induced hepatic injury. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 163:145-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
42
|
Bernardi P, Krauskopf A, Basso E, Petronilli V, Blachly-Dyson E, Blalchy-Dyson E, Di Lisa F, Forte MA. The mitochondrial permeability transition from in vitro artifact to disease target. FEBS J 2006; 273:2077-99. [PMID: 16649987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore is a high conductance channel whose opening leads to an increase of mitochondrial inner membrane permeability to solutes with molecular masses up to approximately 1500 Da. In this review we trace the rise of the permeability transition pore from the status of in vitro artifact to that of effector mechanism of cell death. We then cover recent results based on genetic inactivation of putative permeability transition pore components, and discuss their meaning for our understanding of pore structure. Finally, we discuss evidence indicating that the permeability transition pore plays a role in pathophysiology, with specific emphasis on in vivo models of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pellegrini M, Finetti F, Petronilli V, Ulivieri C, Giusti F, Lupetti P, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Bernardi P, Baldari CT. p66SHC promotes T cell apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis. Cell Death Differ 2006; 14:338-47. [PMID: 16794602 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc, a redox enzyme that enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria, promotes T cell apoptosis. We have addressed the mechanisms regulating p66Shc-dependent apoptosis in T cells exposed to supraphysiological increases in [Ca2+]c. p66Shc expression resulted in profound mitochondrial dysfunction in response to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, as revealed by dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release and decreased ATP levels. p66Shc expression also caused a dramatic alteration in the cells' Ca2+-handling ability, which resulted in Ca2+ overload after A23187 treatment. The impairment in Ca2+ homeostasis was ROS dependent and caused by defective Ca2+ extrusion due at least in part to decreased plasma membrane ATPase (PMCA) expression. Both effects of p66Shc required Ca2+-dependent serine-36 phosphorylation. The mitochondrial effects of p66Shc were potentiated by but not strictly dependent on the rise in [Ca2+]c. Thus, Ca2+-dependent p66Shc phosphorylation causes both mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, which synergize in promoting T cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pellegrini
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena I-53100, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yi AK, Yoon H, Park JE, Kim BS, Kim HJ, Martinez-Hernandez A. CpG DNA-mediated Induction of Acute Liver Injury in d-Galactosamine-sensitized Mice. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:15001-12. [PMID: 16554296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601337200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA (CpG DNA) induce innate inflammatory responses, including rapid induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Although innate inflammatory responses induced by CpG DNA and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns are essential for the eradication of infectious microorganisms, excessive activation of innate immunity is detrimental to the host. In this study, we demonstrate that CpG DNA, but not control non-CpG DNA, induces a fulminant liver failure with subsequent shock-mediated death by promoting massive apoptotic death of hepatocytes in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. Inhibition of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening or caspase 9 activity in vivo protects D-GalN-sensitized mice from the CpG DNA-mediated liver injury and death. CpG DNA enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines in D-GalN-sensitized mice via a TLR9/MyD88-dependent pathway. In addition, CpG DNA failed to induce massive hepatocyte apoptosis and subsequent fulminant liver failure and death in D-GalN-sensitized mice that lack TLR9, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, or TNF receptor I but not interleukin-6 or -12p40. Taken together, our results provide direct evidence that CpG DNA induces a severe acute liver injury and shock-mediated death through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-dependent death of hepatocytes caused by an enhanced production of TNF-alpha through a TLR9/MyD88 signaling pathway in D-GalN-sensitized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Kyung Yi
- Children's Foundation Research Center at Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N. Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Milanesi E, Costantini P, Gambalunga A, Colonna R, Petronilli V, Cabrelle A, Semenzato G, Cesura AM, Pinard E, Bernardi P. The Mitochondrial Effects of Small Organic Ligands of BCL-2. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:10066-72. [PMID: 16481323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513708200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the mitochondrial effects of BH3I-2', Chelerythrine, and HA14-1, small organic molecules that share the ability to bind the BH3 domain of BCL-2. All compounds displayed a biphasic effect on mitochondrial respiration with uncoupling at low concentrations and respiratory inhibition at higher concentrations, the relative uncoupling potency being BH3I-2' (half-maximal uncoupling at about 80 nm) > Chelerythrine (half-maximal uncoupling at about 2 microm) > HA14-1 (half-maximal uncoupling at about 20 microm). At concentrations lower than required for uncoupling all compounds sensitized the permeability transition pore (PTP) to opening both in isolated mitochondria and intact cells. To assess whether the effects on BCL-2 binding, PTP induction and respiration could be due to different structural determinants we have tested a set of HA14-1 analogs from the Hoffmann-La Roche chemical library. We have identified 5-(6-chloro-2,4-dioxo-1,3,4,10-tetrahydro-2H-9-oxa-1,3-diaza-anthracen-10-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (EM20-25) as a molecule devoid of effects on respiration that is able to induce PTP opening, to disrupt the BCL-2/BAX interactions in situ and to activate caspase-9 in BCL-2-overexpressing cells. EM20-25 neutralized the antiapoptotic activity of overexpressed BCL-2 toward staurosporine and sensitized BCL-2-expressing cells from leukemic patients to the killing effects of staurosporine, chlorambucil, and fludarabine. These results provide a proof of principle that the potentially toxic effects of BCL-2 ligands on mitochondrial respiration are not essential for their antiapoptotic activity and represent an important step forward in the development of tumor-selective drugs acting on BCL-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Milanesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Krauskopf A, Eriksson O, Craigen WJ, Forte MA, Bernardi P. Properties of the permeability transition in VDAC1(-/-) mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:590-5. [PMID: 16626625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP), a high-conductance mitochondrial channel, causes mitochondrial dysfunction with Ca2+ deregulation, ATP depletion, release of pyridine nucleotides and of mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins. Despite major efforts, the molecular nature of the PTP remains elusive. A compound library screening led to the identification of a novel high affinity PTP inhibitor (Ro 68-3400), which labeled a approximately 32 kDa protein that was identified as isoform 1 of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) [A.M. Cesura, E. Pinard, R. Schubenel, V. Goetschy, A. Friedlein, H. Langen, P. Polcic, M.A. Forte, P. Bernardi, J.A. Kemp, The voltage-dependent anion channel is the target for a new class of inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 49812-49818]. In order to assess the role of VDAC1 in PTP formation and activity, we have studied the properties of mitochondria from VDAC1(-/-) mice. The basic properties of the PTP in VDAC1(-/-) mitochondria were indistinguishable from those of strain-matched mitochondria from wild-type CD1 mice, including inhibition by Ro 68-3400, which labeled identical proteins of 32 kDa in both wild-type and VDAC1(-/-) mitochondria. The labeled protein could be separated from all VDAC isoforms. While these results do not allow to exclude that VDAC is part of the PTP, they suggest that VDAC is not the target for PTP inhibition by Ro 68-3400.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Krauskopf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chinopoulos C, Adam-Vizi V. Calcium, mitochondria and oxidative stress in neuronal pathology. Novel aspects of an enduring theme. FEBS J 2006; 273:433-50. [PMID: 16420469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interplay among reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, elevated intracellular calcium concentration and mitochondrial demise is a recurring theme in research focusing on brain pathology, both for acute and chronic neurodegenerative states. However, causality, extent of contribution or the sequence of these events prior to cell death is not yet firmly established. Here we review the role of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex as a newly identified source of mitochondrial ROS production. Furthermore, based on contemporary reports we examine novel concepts as potential mediators of neuronal injury connecting mitochondria, increased [Ca2+]c and ROS/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation; specifically: (a) the possibility that plasmalemmal nonselective cationic channels contribute to the latent [Ca2+]c rise in the context of glutamate-induced delayed calcium deregulation; (b) the likelihood of the involvement of the channels in the phenomenon of 'Ca2+ paradox' that might be implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury; and (c) how ROS/RNS and mitochondrial status could influence the activity of these channels leading to loss of ionic homeostasis and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Neurobiochemical Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentagothai Knowledge Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Choi HJ, Choi YH, Yee SB, Im E, Jung JH, Kim ND. Ircinin-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2005; 44:162-73. [PMID: 16163705 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ircinin-1, a lipid compound (a C25 sesterterpene tetronic acid) isolated from marine sponges (Sarcotragus sp.), on the modulation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human skin cancer cells (mutant p53). Ircinin-1 treatment on SK-MEL-2 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ircinin-1 resulted in G1 arrest in cell cycle progression which was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of D-type cyclins and their activating partners Cdk 4 and 6 with concomitant inductions of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1. The induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 appears to be transcriptionally upregulated and is p53-independent. In addition, ircinin-1 suppressed the phosphorylation of pRb protein and increased the co-association of pRb or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with p21WAF1/CIP1 in these cells. Ircinin-1 treatment also resulted in induction of apoptosis as determined by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, alternated ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, cleavages of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and PLC-gamma1, and flow cytometric analysis. Ircinin-1 also induced cytochrome c release, cleavage activations of caspase-3 and -9, and upregulation of Fas and Fas-L. Even though the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) was expressed in ircinin-1-untreated or -treated SK-MEL-2 cells, only the level of cIAP-1, but not XIAP or cIAP-2, was decreased during ircinin-1-induced apoptosis at Western blot and RT-PCR studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that ircinin-1 has strong potential for development as an agent for prevention against skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Joung Choi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pusan Cancer Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cheranov SY, Jaggar JH. TNF-alpha dilates cerebral arteries via NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent Ca2+ spark activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 290:C964-71. [PMID: 16267103 PMCID: PMC1638900 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of TNF-alpha, a pleiotropic cytokine, is elevated during stroke and cerebral ischemia. TNF-alpha regulates arterial diameter, although mechanisms mediating this effect are unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that TNF-alpha regulates the diameter of resistance-sized ( approximately 150-microm diameter) cerebral arteries by modulating local and global intracellular Ca(2+) signals in smooth muscle cells. Laser-scanning confocal imaging revealed that TNF-alpha increased Ca(2+) spark and Ca(2+) wave frequency but reduced global intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in smooth muscle cells of intact arteries. TNF-alpha elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in smooth muscle cells of intact arteries, and this increase was prevented by apocynin or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), both of which are NAD(P)H oxidase blockers, but was unaffected by inhibitors of other ROS-generating enzymes. In voltage-clamped (-40 mV) cells, TNF-alpha increased the frequency and amplitude of Ca(2+) spark-induced, large-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (K(Ca)) channel transients approximately 1.7- and approximately 1.4-fold, respectively. TNF-alpha-induced transient K(Ca) current activation was reversed by apocynin or by Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP), a membrane-permeant antioxidant, and was prevented by intracellular dialysis of catalase. TNF-alpha induced reversible and similar amplitude dilations in either endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded pressurized (60 mmHg) cerebral arteries. MnTMPyP, thapsigargin, a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase blocker that inhibits Ca(2+) sparks, and iberiotoxin, a K(Ca) channel blocker, reduced TNF-alpha-induced vasodilations to between 15 and 33% of control. In summary, our data indicate that TNF-alpha activates NAD(P)H oxidase, resulting in an increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) that stimulates Ca(2+) sparks and transient K(Ca) currents, leading to a reduction in global [Ca(2+)](i), and vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Cheranov
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 426 Nash Research Bldg., Memphis, 38163, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zamzami N, Larochette N, Kroemer G. Mitochondrial permeability transition in apoptosis and necrosis. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12 Suppl 2:1478-80. [PMID: 16247494 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Zamzami
- CNRS-UMR8125, Laboratoire de Génomique Cellulaire des Cancers, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille-Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|