1
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Gareri C, Pfeiffer CT, Jiang X, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Pham U, Chundi A, Wingler LM, Staus DP, Stepniewski TM, Selent J, Lucero EY, Grogan A, Rajagopal S, Rockman HA. Phosphorylation patterns in the AT1R C-terminal tail specify distinct downstream signaling pathways. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadk5736. [PMID: 39137246 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adk5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Different ligands stabilize specific conformations of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) that direct distinct signaling cascades mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins or β-arrestin. These different active conformations are thought to engage distinct intracellular transducers because of differential phosphorylation patterns in the receptor C-terminal tail (the "barcode" hypothesis). Here, we identified the AT1R barcodes for the endogenous agonist AngII, which stimulates both G protein activation and β-arrestin recruitment, and for a synthetic biased agonist that only stimulates β-arrestin recruitment. The endogenous and β-arrestin-biased agonists induced two different ensembles of phosphorylation sites along the C-terminal tail. The phosphorylation of eight serine and threonine residues in the proximal and middle portions of the tail was required for full β-arrestin functionality, whereas phosphorylation of the serine and threonine residues in the distal portion of the tail had little influence on β-arrestin function. Similarly, molecular dynamics simulations showed that the proximal and middle clusters of phosphorylated residues were critical for stable β-arrestin-receptor interactions. These findings demonstrate that ligands that stabilize different receptor conformations induce different phosphorylation clusters in the C-terminal tail as barcodes to evoke distinct receptor-transducer engagement, receptor trafficking, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Gareri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Conrad T Pfeiffer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anand Chundi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura M Wingler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dean P Staus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stepniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)-Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- InterAx Biotech AG, PARK InnovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)-Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Y Lucero
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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2
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Samuel CS, Li Y, Wang Y, Widdop RE. Functional crosstalk between angiotensin receptors (types 1 and 2) and relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1): Implications for the therapeutic targeting of fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2302-2318. [PMID: 36560925 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Class A, rhodopsin-like, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are by far the largest class of GPCRs and are integral membrane proteins used by various cells to convert extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Initially, class A GPCRs were believed to function as monomers, but a growing body of evidence has emerged to suggest that these receptors can function as homodimers and heterodimers and can undergo functional crosstalk to influence the actions of agonists or antagonists acting at each receptor. This review will focus on the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors, as well as the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), each of which have their unique characteristics but have been demonstrated to undergo some level of interaction when appropriately co-expressed, which influences the function of each receptor. In particular, this receptor functional crosstalk will be discussed in the context of fibrosis, the tissue scarring that results from a failed wound-healing response to injury, and which is a hallmark of chronic disease and related organ dysfunction. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifang Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Tóth AD, Soltész-Katona E, Kis K, Guti V, Gilzer S, Prokop S, Boros R, Misák Á, Balla A, Várnai P, Turiák L, Ács A, Drahos L, Inoue A, Hunyady L, Turu G. ArreSTick motif controls β-arrestin-binding stability and extends phosphorylation-dependent β-arrestin interactions to non-receptor proteins. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114241. [PMID: 38758647 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The binding and function of β-arrestins are regulated by specific phosphorylation motifs present in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the exact arrangement of phosphorylated amino acids responsible for establishing a stable interaction remains unclear. We employ a 1D sequence convolution model trained on GPCRs with established β-arrestin-binding properties. With this approach, amino acid motifs characteristic of GPCRs that form stable interactions with β-arrestins can be identified, a pattern that we name "arreSTick." Intriguingly, the arreSTick pattern is also present in numerous non-receptor proteins. Using proximity biotinylation assay and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrate that the arreSTick motif controls the interaction between many non-receptor proteins and β-arrestin2. The HIV-1 Tat-specific factor 1 (HTSF1 or HTATSF1), a nuclear transcription factor, contains the arreSTick pattern, and its subcellular localization is influenced by β-arrestin2. Our findings unveil a broader role for β-arrestins in phosphorylation-dependent interactions, extending beyond GPCRs to encompass non-receptor proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Dávid Tóth
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kis
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Guti
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sharon Gilzer
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roxána Boros
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Misák
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN SE Hungarian Research Network Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN SE Hungarian Research Network Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Ács
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - László Hunyady
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Turu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Poonam, Chaudhary S. Interactions between AT1R and GRKs: the determinants for activation of signaling pathways involved in blood pressure regulation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:46. [PMID: 38158508 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The success of Angiotensin II receptor blockers, specifically Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists as antihypertensive drug emphasizes the involvement of AT1R in Essential hypertension. The structural insights and mutational studies of Ang II-AT1R have brought about the vision to design Ang II analogs that selectively activate the pathways with beneficial and cardioprotective effects such as cell survival and hinder the deleterious effects such as hypertrophy and cell death. AT1R belongs to G-protein coupled receptors and is regulated by G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) that either uncouples Gq protein for receptor desensitization or phosphorylate C-terminus to recruit β-arrestin for internalization of the receptor. The interaction of GRKs with ligand activated AT1R induces conformational changes and signal either Gq dependent or Gq independent pathways. These interactions might explain the complex regulatory mechanisms and offer promising ideas for hypertension therapeutics. This article reviews the functional role of AT1R, organization of GRK genes and regulation of AT1R by GRKs that play significant role in desensitization and internalization of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shashi Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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5
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Noto NM, Restrepo YM, Pang HW, Stoyell-Conti F, West CA, Speth RC. Comparative evaluation of biased agonists Sarcosine 1 , d-Alanine 8 -Angiotensin (Ang) II (SD Ang II) and Sarcosine 1 , Isoleucine 8 -Ang II (SI Ang II) and their radioiodinated congeners binding to rat liver membrane AT 1 receptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01053. [PMID: 36639940 PMCID: PMC9840060 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II analogue and β-arrestin biased agonist TRV027 (Sarcosine1 , d-Alanine8 -Angiotensin (Ang) II; SD Ang II), developed by Trevena, Inc. in the early 2010s, brought hopes of a novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases, due to its ability to simultaneously cause signaling through the β-arrestin signaling pathway, while antagonizing the pathophysiological effects of Ang II mediated by the AT1 receptor G protein signaling cascades. However, a phase II clinical trial of this agent revealed no significant benefit compared to placebo treatment. Using 125 I-Sarcosine1 , Isoleucine8 -Ang II (125 I-SI Ang II) radioligand receptor competition binding assays, we assessed the relative affinity of TRV027 compared to SI Ang II for liver AT1 receptors. We also compared radioiodinated TRV027 (125 I-SD Ang II) binding affinity for liver AT1 receptors with 125 I-SI Ang II. We found that despite its anticipated gain in metabolic stability, TRV027 and 125 I-SD Ang II had reduced affinity for the AT1 receptor compared with SI Ang II and 125 I-SI Ang II. Additionally, male-female comparisons showed that females have a higher AT1 receptor density, potentially attributed to tissue-dependent estrogen and progesterone effects. Peptide drugs have become more popular over the years due to their increased bioavailability, fast onset of action, high specificity, and low toxicity. Even though Trevena®'s biased agonist peptide TRV027 offered greater stability and potency compared to earlier AT1 R biased agonists, it failed its phase II clinical trial in 2016. Further refinements to AT1 R biased agonist peptides to improve affinity, as seen with SI Ang II, with better stability and bioavailability, has the potential to achieve the anticipated biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Noto
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Yazmin M Restrepo
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Hong W Pang
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Filipe Stoyell-Conti
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Crystal A West
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Speth
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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6
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Tang WW, Naga Prasad SV. Autoantibodies and Cardiomyopathy: Focus on Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:354-363. [PMID: 35323150 PMCID: PMC9452444 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antibody response to self-antigens leads to autoimmune response that plays a determinant role in cardiovascular disease outcomes including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although the origins of the self-reactive endogenous autoantibodies are not well-characterized, it is believed to be triggered by tissue injury or dysregulated humoral response. Autoantibodies that recognize G protein-coupled receptors are considered consequential because they act as modulators of downstream receptor signaling displaying a wide range of unique pharmacological properties. These wide range of pharmacological properties exhibited by autoantibodies has cellular consequences that is associated with progression of disease including DCM. Increase in autoantibodies recognizing beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR), a G protein-coupled receptor critical for cardiac function, is observed in patients with DCM. Cellular and animal model studies have indicated pathological roles for the β1AR autoantibodies but less is understood about the molecular basis of their modulatory effects. Despite the recognition that β1AR autoantibodies could mediate deleterious outcomes, emerging evidence suggests that not all β1AR autoantibodies are deleterious. Recent clinical studies show that β1AR autoantibodies belonging to the IgG3 subclass is associated with beneficial cardiac outcomes in patients. This suggests that our understanding on the roles the β1AR autoantibodies play in mediating outcomes is not well-understood. Technological advances including structural determinants of antibody binding could provide insights on the modulatory capabilities of β1AR autoantibodies in turn, reflecting their diversity in mediating β1AR signaling response. In this study, we discuss the significance of the diversity in signaling and its implications in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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7
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G-protein Biased Signaling Agonists of Dopamine D3 Receptor Promote Distinct Activation Patterns of ERK1/2. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Gaddam RR, Kim Y, Jacobs JS, Yoon J, Li Q, Cai A, Shankaiahgari H, London B, Irani K, Vikram A. The microRNA-204-5p inhibits APJ signalling and confers resistance to cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e693. [PMID: 35060347 PMCID: PMC8777385 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs regulate cardiac hypertrophy development, which precedes and predicts the risk of heart failure. microRNA-204-5p (miR-204) is well expressed in cardiomyocytes, but its role in developing cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction (CH/CD) remains poorly understood. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing, echocardiographic, and molecular/morphometric analysis of the heart of mice lacking or overexpressing miR-204 five weeks after trans-aortic constriction (TAC). The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, H9C2, and HEK293 cells were used to determine the mechanistic role of miR-204. RESULTS The stretch induces miR-204 expression, and miR-204 inhibits the stretch-induced hypertrophic response of H9C2 cells. The mice lacking miR-204 displayed a higher susceptibility to CH/CD during pressure overload, which was reversed by the adeno-associated virus serotype-9-mediated cardioselective miR-204 overexpression. Bioinformatic analysis of the cardiac transcriptomics of miR-204 knockout mice following pressure overload suggested deregulation of apelin-receptor (APJ) signalling. We found that the stretch-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and hypertrophy-related genes expression depend on the APJ, and both of these effects are subject to miR-204 levels. The dynamin inhibitor dynasore inhibited both stretch-induced APJ endocytosis and ERK1/2 activation. In contrast, the miR-204-induced APJ endocytosis was neither inhibited by dynamin inhibitors (dynasore and dyngo) nor associated with ERK1/2 activation. We find that the miR-204 increases the expression of ras-associated binding proteins (e.g., Rab5a, Rab7) that regulate cellular endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that miR-204 regulates trafficking of APJ and confers resistance to pressure overload-induced CH/CD, and boosting miR-204 can inhibit the development of CH/CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Young‐Rae Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Julia S. Jacobs
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Jin‐Young Yoon
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Angela Cai
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Hamsitha Shankaiahgari
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Barry London
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal MedicineCarver College of Medicine University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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9
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Carbone AM, Cora N, Sizova A. Cardiovascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor biased signaling: Focus on non-Gq-, non-βarrestin-dependent signaling. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105943. [PMID: 34662735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor ubiquitously expressed throughout the cardiovascular system, have been the focus of intense investigations for decades. The success of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are AT1R-selective antagonists/inverse agonists, in the treatment of heart disease is a testament to the importance of this receptor for cardiovascular homeostasis. Given the pleiotropic signaling of the cardiovascular AT1R and, in an effort to develop yet better drugs for heart disease, the concept of biased signaling has been exploited to design and develop biased AT1R ligands that selectively activate β-arrestin transduction pathways over Gq protein-dependent pathways. However, by focusing solely on Gq or β-arrestins, studies on AT1R "biased" signaling & agonism tend to largely ignore other non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling modalities the very versatile AT1R employs in cardiovascular tissues, including two very important types of signal transducers/regulators: other G protein types (e.g., Gi/o, G12/13) & the Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current state of cardiovascular AT1R biased signaling field with a special focus on the non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling avenues of this receptor in the cardiovascular system, which usually get left out of the conversation of "biased" AT1R signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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10
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is an endogenous β-arrestin-2-selective allosteric modulator of AT1 receptor counteracting vascular injury. Cell Res 2021; 31:773-790. [PMID: 33510386 PMCID: PMC8249609 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has revealed that biased activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (AT1) signaling, plays pivotal roles in vascular homeostasis and injury, but whether a clinically relevant endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 signaling exists under physiological and pathophysiological conditions has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we show that an extracellular matrix protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), acts as an endogenous allosteric biased modulator of the AT1 receptor and its deficiency is clinically associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. COMP directly interacts with the extracellular N-terminus of the AT1 via its EGF domain and inhibits AT1-β-arrestin-2 signaling, but not Gq or Gi signaling, in a selective manner through allosteric regulation of AT1 intracellular conformational states. COMP deficiency results in activation of AT1a-β-arrestin-2 signaling and subsequent exclusive AAA formation in response to AngII infusion. AAAs in COMP-/- or ApoE-/- mice are rescued by AT1a or β-arrestin-2 deficiency, or the application of a peptidomimetic mimicking the AT1-binding motif of COMP. Explorations of the endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 receptor or other GPCRs may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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11
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Beta-Arrestins in the Treatment of Heart Failure Related to Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060838
expr 929824082 + 956151497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical syndrome that is considered an increasingly frequent reason for hospitalization, characterized by a complex therapeutic regimen, reduced quality of life, and high morbidity. Long-standing hypertension ultimately paves the way for HF. Recently, there have been improvements in the treatment of hypertension and overall management not limited to only conventional medications, but several novel pathways and their pharmacological alteration are also conducive to the treatment of hypertension. Beta-arrestin (β-arrestin), a protein responsible for beta-adrenergic receptors’ (β-AR) functioning and trafficking, has recently been discovered as a potential regulator in hypertension. β-arrestin isoforms, namely β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, mainly regulate cardiac function. However, there have been some controversies regarding the function of the two β-arrestins in hypertension regarding HF. In the present review, we try to figure out the paradox between the roles of two isoforms of β-arrestin in the treatment of HF.
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12
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Rakib A, Eva TA, Sami SA, Mitra S, Nafiz IH, Das A, Tareq AM, Nainu F, Dhama K, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Beta-Arrestins in the Treatment of Heart Failure Related to Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:838. [PMID: 34198801 PMCID: PMC8228839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical syndrome that is considered an increasingly frequent reason for hospitalization, characterized by a complex therapeutic regimen, reduced quality of life, and high morbidity. Long-standing hypertension ultimately paves the way for HF. Recently, there have been improvements in the treatment of hypertension and overall management not limited to only conventional medications, but several novel pathways and their pharmacological alteration are also conducive to the treatment of hypertension. Beta-arrestin (β-arrestin), a protein responsible for beta-adrenergic receptors' (β-AR) functioning and trafficking, has recently been discovered as a potential regulator in hypertension. β-arrestin isoforms, namely β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, mainly regulate cardiac function. However, there have been some controversies regarding the function of the two β-arrestins in hypertension regarding HF. In the present review, we try to figure out the paradox between the roles of two isoforms of β-arrestin in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (A.R.); (T.A.E.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Taslima Akter Eva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (A.R.); (T.A.E.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (A.R.); (T.A.E.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Iqbal Hossain Nafiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (I.H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Ayan Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (I.H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh;
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo–Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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13
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Mohd Nasri FA, Zainal Ariffin SH, Karsani SA, Megat Abdul Wahab R. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid to identify potential early markers for root resorption. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:256. [PMID: 32917196 PMCID: PMC7488717 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontically-induced root resorption is an iatrogenic effect and it cannot be examined regularly due to the harmful effects of sequential doses of radiation with more frequent radiography. This study aims to compare protein abundance (PA) of pre-treatment and during orthodontic treatment for root resorption and to determine potential early markers for root resorption. Methods Ten subjects (n = 10) who had upper and lower fixed appliances (MBT, 3 M Unitek, 0.022″ × 0.028″) were recruited for this study. Human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained using periopaper strips at pre-treatment (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) of orthodontic treatment. Periapical radiographs of the upper permanent central incisors were taken at T0 and T6 to measure the amount of root resorption. Identification of changes in PA was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Student’s t-test was then performed to determine the significance of the differences in protein abundance before and after orthodontic treatment. Results Our findings showed that all ten subjects had mild root resorption, with an average resorption length of 0.56 ± 0.30 mm. A total of 186 proteins were found to be commonly present at T0, T1, T3, and T6. There were significant changes in the abundance of 16 proteins (student’s t-test, p ≤ 0.05). The increased PA of S100A9, immunoglobulin J chain, heat shock protein 1A, immunoglobulin heavy variable 4–34 and vitronectin at T1 suggested a response to stress that involved inflammation during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. On the other hand, the increased PA of thymidine phosphorylase at T3 suggested growth promotion and, angiogenic and chemotactic activities. Conclusions The identified proteins can be potential early markers for root resorption based on the increase in their respective PA and predicted roles during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. Non-invasive detection of root resorption using protein markers as early as possible is extremely important as it can aid orthodontists in successful orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Amirah Mohd Nasri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute (MGI), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Oishi A, Dam J, Jockers R. β-Arrestin-2 BRET Biosensors Detect Different β-Arrestin-2 Conformations in Interaction with GPCRs. ACS Sens 2020; 5:57-64. [PMID: 31849219 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
β-Arrestins are critical regulators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that desensitize G protein signaling, promote receptor internalization, and initiate signaling on their own. Recent structural findings indicate that β-arrestins adopt different conformations upon interaction with agonist-activated GPCRs. Here, we established a β-arrestin-2 conformational bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensor composed of the bright Nanoluc BRET donor and the red-shifted CyOFP1 BRET acceptor. The sensor monitors early intramolecular conformational changes of β-arrestin-2 in complex with a wide panel of different class A and class B GPCRs upon agonist activation and with orphan GPCRs known to spontaneously recruit β-arrestin-2. The introduction of the R170E mutant in the β-arrestin-2 sensor allowed the detection of a partially active β-arrestin-2 conformation, which is not dependent on receptor phosphorylation, while the deletion of the β-arrestin-2 finger-loop region detected the "tail-conformation" corresponding to the interaction of β-arrestin with the carboxyl-terminal domain of GPCRs. The new sensors combine the advantages of the BRET technique in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and suitability for real-time measurements with a high responsiveness toward early conformational changes to help to elucidate the different conformational states of β-arrestins associated with GPCR activation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Oishi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
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15
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Turu G, Balla A, Hunyady L. The Role of β-Arrestin Proteins in Organization of Signaling and Regulation of the AT1 Angiotensin Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:519. [PMID: 31447777 PMCID: PMC6691095 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AT1 angiotensin receptor plays important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the cardiovascular system. Renin-angiotensin system represents a target system for drugs acting at different levels. The main effects of ATR1 stimulation involve activation of Gq proteins and subsequent IP3, DAG, and calcium signaling. It has become evident in recent years that besides the well-known G protein pathways, AT1R also activates a parallel signaling pathway through β-arrestins. β-arrestins were originally described as proteins that desensitize G protein-coupled receptors, but they can also mediate receptor internalization and G protein-independent signaling. AT1R is one of the most studied receptors, which was used to unravel the newly recognized β-arrestin-mediated pathways. β-arrestin-mediated signaling has become one of the most studied topics in recent years in molecular pharmacology and the modulation of these pathways of the AT1R might offer new therapeutic opportunities in the near future. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the field of β-arrestin signaling of the AT1R, emphasizing its role in cardiovascular regulation and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Hunyady
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16
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Abstract
The MAPK pathway is a prominent intracellular signaling pathway regulating various intracellular functions. Components of this pathway are mutated in a related collection of congenital syndromes collectively referred to as neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes (NCFC) or Rasopathies. Recently, it has been appreciated that these disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, idiopathic ASD has also implicated the MAPK signaling cascade as a common pathway that is affected by many of the genetic variants that have been found to be linked to ASDs. This chapter describes the components of the MAPK pathway and how it is regulated. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight the various functions of the MAPK pathway during both embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and its roles in neuronal physiology and ultimately, behavior. Finally, we will summarize the perturbations to MAPK signaling in various models of autism spectrum disorders and Rasopathies to highlight how dysregulation of this pivotal pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism.
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17
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Luttrell LM, Wang J, Plouffe B, Smith JS, Yamani L, Kaur S, Jean-Charles PY, Gauthier C, Lee MH, Pani B, Kim J, Ahn S, Rajagopal S, Reiter E, Bouvier M, Shenoy SK, Laporte SA, Rockman HA, Lefkowitz RJ. Manifold roles of β-arrestins in GPCR signaling elucidated with siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/549/eaat7650. [PMID: 30254056 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) use diverse mechanisms to regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2. β-Arrestins (βArr1/2) are ubiquitous inhibitors of G protein signaling, promoting GPCR desensitization and internalization and serving as scaffolds for ERK1/2 activation. Studies using CRISPR/Cas9 to delete βArr1/2 and G proteins have cast doubt on the role of β-arrestins in activating specific pools of ERK1/2. We compared the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of βArr1/2 and reconstitution with βArr1/2 in three different parental and CRISPR-derived βArr1/2 knockout HEK293 cell pairs to assess the effect of βArr1/2 deletion on ERK1/2 activation by four Gs-coupled GPCRs. In all parental lines with all receptors, ERK1/2 stimulation was reduced by siRNAs specific for βArr2 or βArr1/2. In contrast, variable effects were observed with CRISPR-derived cell lines both between different lines and with activation of different receptors. For β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) and β1ARs, βArr1/2 deletion increased, decreased, or had no effect on isoproterenol-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in different CRISPR clones. ERK1/2 activation by the vasopressin V2 and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors was reduced in these cells but was enhanced by reconstitution with βArr1/2. Loss of desensitization and receptor internalization in CRISPR βArr1/2 knockout cells caused β2AR-mediated stimulation of ERK1/2 to become more dependent on G proteins, which was reversed by reintroducing βArr1/2. These data suggest that βArr1/2 function as a regulatory hub, determining the balance between mechanistically different pathways that result in activation of ERK1/2, and caution against extrapolating results obtained from βArr1/2- or G protein-deleted cells to GPCR behavior in native systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C IJ4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lama Yamani
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Suneet Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Christophe Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CNRS, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mi-Hye Lee
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Biswaranjan Pani
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seungkirl Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CNRS, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C IJ4, Canada
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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18
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Yamashiro Y, Thang BQ, Shin SJ, Lino CA, Nakamura T, Kim J, Sugiyama K, Tokunaga C, Sakamoto H, Osaka M, Davis EC, Wagenseil JE, Hiramatsu Y, Yanagisawa H. Role of Thrombospondin-1 in Mechanotransduction and Development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Mouse and Humans. Circ Res 2018; 123:660-672. [PMID: 30355232 PMCID: PMC6211815 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abnormal mechanosensing of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) resulting from the defective elastin-contractile units has been suggested to drive the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysms; however, the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the crucial mediator(s) involved in abnormal mechanosensing and propagation of biochemical signals during the aneurysm formation and to establish a basis for a novel therapeutic strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a mouse model of postnatal ascending aortic aneurysms ( Fbln4SMKO; termed SMKO [SMC-specific knockout]), in which deletion of Fbln4 (fibulin-4) leads to disruption of the elastin-contractile units caused by a loss of elastic lamina-SMC connections. In this mouse, upregulation of Egr1 (early growth response 1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme leads to activation of Ang II (angiotensin II) signaling. Here, we showed that the matricellular protein, Thbs1 (thrombospondin-1), was highly upregulated in SMKO ascending aortas and in human thoracic aortic aneurysms. Thbs1 was induced by mechanical stretch and Ang II in SMCs, for which Egr1 was required, and reduction of Fbln4 sensitized the cells to these stimuli and led to higher expression of Egr1 and Thbs1. Deletion of Thbs1 in SMKO mice prevented the aneurysm formation in ≈80% of DKO (SMKO;Thbs1 knockout) animals and suppressed Ssh1 (slingshot-1) and cofilin dephosphorylation, leading to the formation of normal actin filaments. Furthermore, elastic lamina-SMC connections were restored in DKO aortas, and mechanical testing showed that structural and material properties of DKO aortas were markedly improved. CONCLUSIONS Thbs1 is a critical component of mechanotransduction, as well as a modulator of elastic fiber organization. Maladaptive upregulation of Thbs1 results in disruption of elastin-contractile units and dysregulation of actin cytoskeletal remodeling, contributing to the development of ascending aortic aneurysms in vivo. Thbs1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating thoracic aortic aneurysms.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Cofilin 2/metabolism
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Elastic Tissue/metabolism
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Elastin/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/deficiency
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Pressoreceptors/metabolism
- Rats
- Stress, Mechanical
- Thrombospondin 1/deficiency
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Bui Quoc Thang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Seung Jae Shin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Caroline Antunes Lino
- Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jungsil Kim
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kaori Sugiyama
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Chiho Tokunaga
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Motoo Osaka
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0C7, Canada
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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19
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Lavenus S, Simard É, Besserer-Offroy É, Froehlich U, Leduc R, Grandbois M. Label-free cell signaling pathway deconvolution of angiotensin type 1 receptor reveals time-resolved G-protein activity and distinct AngII and AngIIIIV responses. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:108-120. [PMID: 29959993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor known for its role in numerous physiological processes and its implication in many vascular diseases. Its functions are mediated through G protein dependent and independent signaling pathways. AT1R has several endogenous peptidic agonists, all derived from angiotensinogen, as well as several synthetic ligands known to elicit biased signaling responses. Here, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used as a cell-based and label-free technique to quantify, in real time, the response of HEK293 cells stably expressing the human AT1R. The goal was to take advantage of the integrative nature of this assay to identify specific signaling pathways in the features of the response profiles generated by numerous endogenous and synthetic ligands of AT1R. First, we assessed the contributions of Gq, G12/13, Gi, Gβγ, ERK1/2 and β-arrestins pathways in the cellular responses measured by SPR where Gq, G12/Rho/ROCK together with β-arrestins and ERK1/2 were found to play significant roles. More specifically, we established a major role for G12 in the early events of the AT1R-dependent response, which was followed by a robust ERK1/2 component associated to the later phase of the signal. Interestingly, endogenous AT1R ligands (AngII, AngIII and AngIV) exhibited distinct responses signatures with a significant increase of the ERK1/2-like components for both AngIII and AngIV, which points toward possibly distinct physiological roles for the later. We also tested AT1R biased ligands, all of which affected both the early and later events. Our results support SPR-based integrative cellular assays as a powerful approach to delineate the contribution of specific signaling pathways for a given cell response and reveal response differences associated with ligands with distinct pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lavenus
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada; Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada.
| | - Élie Simard
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada; Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada.
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada; Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada.
| | - Ulrike Froehlich
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada; Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada.
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada; Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada.
| | - Michel Grandbois
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada; Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada.
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20
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Abstract
β-arrestin1 (or arrestin2) and β-arrestin2 (or arrestin3) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic adaptor proteins that were originally discovered for their inhibitory role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins. However, further biochemical characterization revealed that β-arrestins do not just "block" the activated GPCRs, but trigger endocytosis and kinase activation leading to specific signaling pathways that can be localized on endosomes. The signaling pathways initiated by β-arrestins were also found to be independent of G protein activation by GPCRs. The discovery of ligands that blocked G protein activation but promoted β-arrestin binding, or vice-versa, suggested the exciting possibility of selectively activating intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, it is becoming increasingly evident that β-arrestin-dependent signaling is extremely diverse and provokes distinct cellular responses through different GPCRs even when the same effector kinase is involved. In this review, we summarize various signaling pathways mediated by β-arrestins and highlight the physiologic effects of β-arrestin-dependent signaling.
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21
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Tóth AD, Turu G, Hunyady L, Balla A. Novel mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptors functions: AT 1 angiotensin receptor acts as a signaling hub and focal point of receptor cross-talk. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:69-82. [PMID: 29678287 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AT1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R), a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is the main receptor, which mediates the effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). AT1R plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-water homeostasis, and in the development of pathological conditions, such as hypertension, heart failure, cardiovascular remodeling, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Stimulation of AT1R leads to pleiotropic signal transduction pathways generating arrays of complex cellular responses. Growing amount of evidence shows that AT1R is a versatile GPCR, which has multiple unique faces with distinct conformations and signaling properties providing new opportunities for functionally selective pharmacological targeting of the receptor. Biased ligands of AT1R have been developed to selectively activate the β-arrestin pathway, which may have therapeutic benefits compared to the conventional angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. In this review, we provide a summary about the most recent findings and novel aspects of the AT1R function, signaling, regulation, dimerization or oligomerization and its cross-talk with other receptors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, adrenergic receptors and CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Better understanding of the mechanisms and structural aspects of AT1R activation and cross-talk can lead to the development of novel type of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Lack of beta-arrestin signaling in the absence of active G proteins. Nat Commun 2018; 9:341. [PMID: 29362459 PMCID: PMC5780443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-independent, arrestin-dependent signaling is a paradigm that broadens the signaling scope of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) beyond G proteins for numerous biological processes. However, arrestin signaling in the collective absence of functional G proteins has never been demonstrated. Here we achieve a state of “zero functional G” at the cellular level using HEK293 cells depleted by CRISPR/Cas9 technology of the Gs/q/12 families of Gα proteins, along with pertussis toxin-mediated inactivation of Gi/o. Together with HEK293 cells lacking β-arrestins (“zero arrestin”), we systematically dissect G protein- from arrestin-driven signaling outcomes for a broad set of GPCRs. We use biochemical, biophysical, label-free whole-cell biosensing and ERK phosphorylation to identify four salient features for all receptors at “zero functional G”: arrestin recruitment and internalization, but—unexpectedly—complete failure to activate ERK and whole-cell responses. These findings change our understanding of how GPCRs function and in particular of how they activate ERK1/2. Arrestins terminate signaling from GPCRs, but several lines of evidence suggest that they are also able to transduce signals independently of G proteins. Here, the authors systematically ablate G proteins in cell lines, and show that arrestins are unable to act as genuine signal initiators.
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23
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Ghosh E, Srivastava A, Baidya M, Kumari P, Dwivedi H, Nidhi K, Ranjan R, Dogra S, Koide A, Yadav PN, Sidhu SS, Koide S, Shukla AK. A synthetic intrabody-based selective and generic inhibitor of GPCR endocytosis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:1190-1198. [PMID: 28967893 PMCID: PMC5722207 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-arrestins (βarrs) critically mediate desensitization, endocytosis and signalling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and they scaffold a large number of interaction partners. However, allosteric modulation of their scaffolding abilities and direct targeting of their interaction interfaces to modulate GPCR functions selectively have not been fully explored yet. Here we identified a series of synthetic antibody fragments (Fabs) against different conformations of βarrs from phage display libraries. Several of these Fabs allosterically and selectively modulated the interaction of βarrs with clathrin and ERK MAP kinase. Interestingly, one of these Fabs selectively disrupted βarr-clathrin interaction, and when expressed as an intrabody, it robustly inhibited agonist-induced endocytosis of a broad set of GPCRs without affecting ERK MAP kinase activation. Our data therefore demonstrate the feasibility of selectively targeting βarr interactions using intrabodies and provide a novel framework for fine-tuning GPCR functions with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Punita Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Hemlata Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kumari Nidhi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shalini Dogra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Prem N Yadav
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario MSS1A8, Canada
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Tóth AD, Prokop S, Gyombolai P, Várnai P, Balla A, Gurevich VV, Hunyady L, Turu G. Heterologous phosphorylation-induced formation of a stability lock permits regulation of inactive receptors by β-arrestins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:876-892. [PMID: 29146594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins are key regulators and signal transducers of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The interaction between receptors and β-arrestins is generally believed to require both receptor activity and phosphorylation by GPCR kinases. In this study, we investigated whether β-arrestins are able to bind second messenger kinase-phosphorylated, but inactive receptors as well. Because heterologous phosphorylation is a common phenomenon among GPCRs, this mode of β-arrestin activation may represent a novel mechanism of signal transduction and receptor cross-talk. Here we demonstrate that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol myristate acetate, Gq/11-coupled GPCR, or epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation promotes β-arrestin2 recruitment to unliganded AT1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R). We found that this interaction depends on the stability lock, a structure responsible for the sustained binding between GPCRs and β-arrestins, formed by phosphorylated serine-threonine clusters in the receptor's C terminus and two conserved phosphate-binding lysines in the β-arrestin2 N-domain. Using improved FlAsH-based serine-threonine clusters β-arrestin2 conformational biosensors, we also show that the stability lock not only stabilizes the receptor-β-arrestin interaction, but also governs the structural rearrangements within β-arrestins. Furthermore, we found that β-arrestin2 binds to PKC-phosphorylated AT1R in a distinct active conformation, which triggers MAPK recruitment and receptor internalization. Our results provide new insights into the activation of β-arrestins and reveal their novel role in receptor cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyombolai
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Péter Várnai
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - András Balla
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - László Hunyady
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, .,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
| | - Gábor Turu
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.,the MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary, and
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25
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Ang-(1-7) is an endogenous β-arrestin-biased agonist of the AT 1 receptor with protective action in cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11903. [PMID: 28928410 PMCID: PMC5605686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the control of vasoconstriction as well as sodium and fluid retention mediated mainly by angiotensin (Ang) II acting at the AT1 receptor (AT1R). Ang-(1-7) is another RAS peptide, identified as the endogenous ligand of the Mas receptor and known to counterbalance many of the deleterious effects of AngII. AT1R signaling triggered by β-arrestin-biased agonists has been associated to cardioprotection. Because position 8 in AngII is important for G protein activation, we hypothesized that Ang-(1-7) could be an endogenous β-arrestin-biased agonist of the AT1R. Here we show that Ang-(1-7) binds to the AT1R without activating Gq, but triggering β-arrestins 1 and 2 recruitment and activation. Using an in vivo model of cardiac hypertrophy, we show that Ang-(1-7) significantly attenuates heart hypertrophy by reducing both heart weight and ventricular wall thickness and the increased end-diastolic pressure. Whereas neither the single blockade of AT1 or Mas receptors with their respective antagonists prevented the cardioprotective action of Ang1-7, combination of the two antagonists partially impaired the effect of Ang-(1-7). Taken together, these data indicate that Ang-(1-7) mediates at least part of its cardioprotective effects by acting as an endogenous β-arrestin-biased agonist at the AT1R.
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26
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Smith JS, Alagesan P, Desai NK, Pack TF, Wu JH, Inoue A, Freedman NJ, Rajagopal S. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 Splice Variants Differentially Activate Beta-Arrestins to Regulate Downstream Signaling Pathways. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:136-150. [PMID: 28559424 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biased agonism, the ability of different ligands for the same receptor to selectively activate some signaling pathways while blocking others, is now an established paradigm for G protein-coupled receptor signaling. One group of receptors in which endogenous bias is critical is the chemokine system, consisting of over 50 ligands and 20 receptors that bind one another with significant promiscuity. We have previously demonstrated that ligands for the same receptor can cause biased signaling responses. The goal of this study was to identify mechanisms that could underlie biased signaling between different receptor splice variants. The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) has two splice variants, CXCR3A and CXCR3B, which differ by 51 amino acids at its N-terminus. Consistent with an earlier study, we found that C-X-C motif chemokine ligands 4, 9, 10, and 11 all activated G αi at CXCR3A, while at CXCR3B these ligands demonstrated no measurable G αi or G αs activity. β-arrestin (βarr) was recruited at a reduced level to CXCR3B relative to CXCR3A, which was also associated with differences in βarr2 conformation. βarr2 recruitment to CXCR3A was attenuated by both G protein receptor kinase (GRK) 2/3 and GRK5/6 knockdown, while only GRK2/3 knockdown blunted recruitment to CXCR3B. Extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation downstream from CXCR3A and CXCR3B was increased and decreased, respectively, by βarr1/2 knockout. The splice variants also differentially activated transcriptional reporters. These findings demonstrate that differential splicing of CXCR3 results in biased responses associated with distinct patterns of βarr conformation and recruitment. Differential splicing may serve as a common mechanism for generating biased signaling and provides insights into how chemokine receptor signaling can be modulated post-transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Nimit K Desai
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Thomas F Pack
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Jiao-Hui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Neil J Freedman
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry (J.S.S., P.A., N.K.D., S.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (T.F.P.), and Department of Medicine (J.-H.W., N.J.F., S.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan (A.I.)
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Gundry J, Glenn R, Alagesan P, Rajagopal S. A Practical Guide to Approaching Biased Agonism at G Protein Coupled Receptors. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 28174517 PMCID: PMC5258729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased agonism, the ability of a receptor to differentially activate downstream signaling pathways depending on binding of a "biased" agonist compared to a "balanced" agonist, is a well-established paradigm for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Biased agonists have the promise to act as smarter drugs by specifically targeting pathogenic or therapeutic signaling pathways while avoiding others that could lead to side effects. A number of biased agonists targeting a wide array of GPCRs have been described, primarily based on their signaling in pharmacological assays. However, with the promise of biased agonists as novel therapeutics, comes the peril of not fully characterizing and understanding the activities of these compounds. Indeed, it is likely that some of the compounds that have been described as biased, may not be if quantitative approaches for bias assessment are used. Moreover, cell specific effects can result in "system bias" that cannot be accounted by current approaches for quantifying ligand bias. Other confounding includes kinetic effects which can alter apparent bias and differential propagation of biological signal that results in different levels of amplification of reporters downstream of the same effector. Moreover, the effects of biased agonists frequently cannot be predicted from their pharmacological profiles, and must be tested in the vivo physiological context. Thus, the development of biased agonists as drugs requires a detailed pharmacological characterization, involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and a detailed physiological characterization. With this understanding, we stand on the edge of a new era of smarter drugs that target GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimee Gundry
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Glenn
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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28
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Almeida-Pereira G, Coletti R, Mecawi AS, Reis LC, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Estradiol and angiotensin II crosstalk in hydromineral balance: Role of the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. Neuroscience 2016; 322:525-38. [PMID: 26951941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II (ANGII) receptor AT1 plays an important role in the control of hydromineral balance, mediating the dipsogenic and natriorexigenic effects and neuroendocrine responses of ANGII. While estradiol (E2) is known to modulate several actions of ANGII in the brain, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the interaction between E2 and ANGII and its physiological role in the control of body fluids remain unclear. We investigated the influence of E2 (40 μg/kg) pretreatment and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cell signaling on the dipsogenic and natriorexigenic effects, as well as the neuroendocrine responses to angiotensinergic central stimulation in ovariectomized rats (OVX). We showed that the inhibitory effect of E2 on ANGII-induced water and sodium intake requires the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. On the other hand, E2 pretreatment prevents the ANGII-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in the lamina terminalis. E2 therapy decreased oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) secretion and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei (SON and PVN, respectively). We found that the AVP secretion induced by ANGII required ERK1/2 signaling, but OT secretion did not involve ERK1/2 signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that E2 modulates ANGII-induced water and sodium intake and AVP secretion by affecting the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in the lamina terminalis and ERK1/2 signaling in the hypothalamic nuclei (PVN and SON) in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - R Coletti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - A S Mecawi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica 23890-000, Brazil
| | - L C Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica 23890-000, Brazil
| | - L L K Elias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - J Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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29
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β-Arrestin drives MAP kinase signalling from clathrin-coated structures after GPCR dissociation. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:303-10. [PMID: 26829388 PMCID: PMC4767649 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestins critically regulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, not only 'arresting' the G protein signal but also modulating endocytosis and initiating a discrete G protein-independent signal via MAP kinase1–3. Despite enormous recent progress toward understanding biophysical aspects of arrestin function4,5, its cell biology remains relatively poorly understood. Two key tenets underlie the present dogma: (1) β-arrestin accumulates in clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) exclusively in physical complex with its activating GPCR, and (2) MAP kinase activation requires endocytosis of formed GPCR - β-arrestin complexes6–9. We show here, using β1-adrenergic receptors, that β-arrestin-2 (Arrestin 3) accumulates robustly in CCSs after dissociating from its activating GPCR and transduces the MAP kinase signal from CCSs. Moreover, inhibiting subsequent endocytosis of CCSs enhances the clathrin and β-arrestin -dependent MAP kinase signal. These results demonstrate β-arrestin 'activation at a distance', after dissociating from its activating GPCR, and signaling from CCSs. We propose a β-arrestin signaling cycle that is catalytically activated by the GPCR and energetically coupled to the endocytic machinery.
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Karnik SS, Unal H, Kemp JR, Tirupula KC, Eguchi S, Vanderheyden PML, Thomas WG. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIX. Angiotensin Receptors: Interpreters of Pathophysiological Angiotensinergic Stimuli [corrected]. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:754-819. [PMID: 26315714 PMCID: PMC4630565 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states. Nearly half of humanity today would likely benefit from modern drugs targeting these receptors. The receptors for RAS peptides consist of three G-protein-coupled receptors—the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor), the MAS receptor—and a type II trans-membrane zinc protein—the candidate angiotensin IV receptor (AngIV binding site). The prorenin receptor is a relatively new contender for consideration, but is not included here because the role of prorenin receptor as an independent endocrine mediator is presently unclear. The full spectrum of biologic characteristics of these receptors is still evolving, but there is evidence establishing unique roles of each receptor in cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurologic, renal, and endothelial functions, as well as in cell proliferation, survival, matrix-cell interaction, and inflammation. Therapeutic agents targeted to these receptors are either in active use in clinical intervention of major common diseases or under evaluation for repurposing in many other disorders. Broad-spectrum influence these receptors produce in complex pathophysiological context in our body highlights their role as precise interpreters of distinctive angiotensinergic peptide cues. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 15 years on the structure, pharmacology, signaling, physiology, and disease states related to angiotensin receptors. We also discuss the challenges the pharmacologist presently faces in formally accepting newer members as established angiotensin receptors and emphasize necessary future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Jacqueline R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Kalyan C Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
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31
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Walther C, Ferguson SSG. Minireview: Role of intracellular scaffolding proteins in the regulation of endocrine G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:814-30. [PMID: 25942107 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of hormones stimulates and mediates their signal transduction via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The signal is transmitted into the cell due to the association of the GPCRs with heterotrimeric G proteins, which in turn activates an extensive array of signaling pathways to regulate cell physiology. However, GPCRs also function as scaffolds for the recruitment of a variety of cytoplasmic protein-interacting proteins that bind to both the intracellular face and protein interaction motifs encoded by GPCRs. The structural scaffolding of these proteins allows GPCRs to recruit large functional complexes that serve to modulate both G protein-dependent and -independent cellular signaling pathways and modulate GPCR intracellular trafficking. This review focuses on GPCR interacting PSD95-disc large-zona occludens domain containing scaffolds in the regulation of endocrine receptor signaling as well as their potential role as therapeutic targets for the treatment of endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Walther
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology (C.W., S.S.G.F.), Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S.G.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology (C.W., S.S.G.F.), Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S.G.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8
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32
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Angiotensin II blockade: how its molecular targets may signal to mitochondria and slow aging. Coincidences with calorie restriction and mTOR inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H15-44. [PMID: 25934099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), renin angiotensin system blockade (RAS-bl), and rapamycin-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition increase survival and retard aging across species. Previously, we have summarized CR and RAS-bl's converging effects, and the mitochondrial function changes associated with their physiological benefits. mTOR inhibition and enhanced sirtuin and KLOTHO signaling contribute to the benefits of CR in aging. mTORC1/mTORC2 complexes contribute to cell growth and metabolic regulation. Prolonged mTORC1 activation may lead to age-related disease progression; thus, rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition and CR may extend lifespan and retard aging through mTORC1 interference. Sirtuins by deacetylating histone and transcription-related proteins modulate signaling and survival pathways and mitochondrial functioning. CR regulates several mammalian sirtuins favoring their role in aging regulation. KLOTHO/fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) contribute to control Ca(2+), phosphate, and vitamin D metabolism, and their dysregulation may participate in age-related disease. Here we review how mTOR inhibition extends lifespan, how KLOTHO functions as an aging suppressor, how sirtuins mediate longevity, how vitamin D loss may contribute to age-related disease, and how they relate to mitochondrial function. Also, we discuss how RAS-bl downregulates mTOR and upregulates KLOTHO, sirtuin, and vitamin D receptor expression, suggesting that at least some of RAS-bl benefits in aging are mediated through the modulation of mTOR, KLOTHO, and sirtuin expression and vitamin D signaling, paralleling CR actions in age retardation. Concluding, the available evidence endorses the idea that RAS-bl is among the interventions that may turn out to provide relief to the spreading issue of age-associated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M V de Cavanagh
- Center of Hypertension, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Derqui, Argentina; School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Center of Hypertension, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Derqui, Argentina; School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Cabana J, Holleran B, Leduc R, Escher E, Guillemette G, Lavigne P. Identification of Distinct Conformations of the Angiotensin-II Type 1 Receptor Associated with the Gq/11 Protein Pathway and the β-Arrestin Pathway Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15835-15854. [PMID: 25934394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased signaling represents the ability of G protein-coupled receptors to engage distinct pathways with various efficacies depending on the ligand used or on mutations in the receptor. The angiotensin-II type 1 (AT1) receptor, a prototypical class A G protein-coupled receptor, can activate various effectors upon stimulation with the endogenous ligand angiotensin-II (AngII), including the Gq/11 protein and β-arrestins. It is believed that the activation of those two pathways can be associated with distinct conformations of the AT1 receptor. To verify this hypothesis, microseconds of molecular dynamics simulations were computed to explore the conformational landscape sampled by the WT-AT1 receptor, the N111G-AT1 receptor (constitutively active and biased for the Gq/11 pathway), and the D74N-AT1 receptor (biased for the β-arrestin1 and -2 pathways) in their apo-forms and in complex with AngII. The molecular dynamics simulations of the AngII-WT-AT1, N111G-AT1, and AngII-N111G-AT1 receptors revealed specific structural rearrangements compared with the initial and ground state of the receptor. Simulations of the D74N-AT1 receptor revealed that the mutation stabilizes the receptor in the initial ground state. The presence of AngII further stabilized the ground state of the D74N-AT1 receptor. The biased agonist [Sar(1),Ile(8)]AngII also showed a preference for the ground state of the WT-AT1 receptor compared with AngII. These results suggest that activation of the Gq/11 pathway is associated with a specific conformational transition stabilized by the agonist, whereas the activation of the β-arrestin pathway is linked to the stabilization of the ground state of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cabana
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4; PROTEO (Quebec Network on Protein Structure, Function, and Engineering), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Brian Holleran
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Richard Leduc
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Emanuel Escher
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Gaétan Guillemette
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4
| | - Pierre Lavigne
- PROTEO (Quebec Network on Protein Structure, Function, and Engineering), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4.
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Balakumar P, Jagadeesh G. Structural determinants for binding, activation, and functional selectivity of the angiotensin AT1 receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:R71-92. [PMID: 25013233 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the RAS cascade have led to the discovery of renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and AT(1) receptor blockers (ARBs) to treat hypertension and some cardiovascular and renal disorders. Mutagenesis and modeling studies have revealed that differential functional outcomes are the results of multiple active states conformed by the AT(1) receptor upon interaction with angiotensin II (Ang II). The binding of agonist is dependent on both extracellular and intramembrane regions of the receptor molecule, and as a consequence occupies more extensive area of the receptor than a non-peptide antagonist. Both agonist and antagonist bind to the same intramembrane regions to interfere with each other's binding to exhibit competitive, surmountable interaction. The nature of interactions with the amino acids in the receptor is different for each of the ARBs given the small differences in the molecular structure between drugs. AT(1) receptors attain different conformation states after binding various Ang II analogues, resulting in variable responses through activation of multiple signaling pathways. These include both classical and non-classical pathways mediated through growth factor receptor transactivations, and provide cross-communication between downstream signaling molecules. The structural requirements for AT(1) receptors to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 through G proteins, or G protein-independently through β-arrestin, are different. We review the structural and functional characteristics of Ang II and its analogs and antagonists, and their interaction with amino acid residues in the AT(1) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Pharmacology UnitFaculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, MalaysiaDivision of Cardiovascular and Renal ProductsCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Pharmacology UnitFaculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, MalaysiaDivision of Cardiovascular and Renal ProductsCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
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35
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Sood R, Minzel W, Rimon G, Tal S, Barki-Harrington L. Down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by the carboxyl tail of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31473-9. [PMID: 25231994 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the kidney by up-regulating the production of the vasoconstrictor hormone angiotensin II (AngII), which in turn down-regulates COX-2 expression via activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) receptor. Chemical inhibition of the catalytic activity of COX-2 is a well-established strategy for treating inflammation but little is known of cellular mechanisms that dispose of the protein itself. Here we show that in addition to its indirect negative feedback on COX-2, AT1 also down-regulates the expression of the COX-2 protein via a pathway that does not involve G-protein or β-arrestin-dependent signaling. Instead, AT1 enhances the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the enzyme in the proteasome through elements in its cytosolic carboxyl tail (CT). We find that a mutant receptor that lacks the last 35 amino acids of its CT (Δ324) is devoid of its ability to reduce COX-2, and that expression of the CT sequence alone is sufficient to down-regulate COX-2. Collectively these results propose a new role for AT1 in regulating COX-2 expression in a mechanism that deviates from its canonical signaling pathways. Down-regulation of COX-2 by a short peptide that originates from AT1 may present as a basis for novel therapeutic means of eliminating excess COX-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapita Sood
- From the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 3498838 and
| | - Waleed Minzel
- From the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 3498838 and
| | - Gilad Rimon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sharon Tal
- From the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 3498838 and
| | - Liza Barki-Harrington
- From the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 3498838 and
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36
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Simard E, Kovacs JJ, Miller WE, Kim J, Grandbois M, Lefkowitz RJ. β-Arrestin regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation promotes AT1aR-mediated cell contraction and migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80532. [PMID: 24255721 PMCID: PMC3821855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has been established that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal not only through canonical G-protein-mediated mechanisms, but also through the ubiquitous cellular scaffolds β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2. Previous studies have implicated β-arrestins as regulators of actin reorganization in response to GPCR stimulation while also being required for membrane protrusion events that accompany cellular motility. One of the most critical events in the active movement of cells is the cyclic phosphorylation and activation of myosin light chain (MLC), which is required for cellular contraction and movement. We have identified the myosin light chain phosphatase Targeting Subunit (MYPT-1) as a binding partner of the β-arrestins and found that β-arrestins play a role in regulating the turnover of phosphorylated myosin light chain. In response to stimulation of the angiotensin Type 1a Receptor (AT1aR), MLC phosphorylation is induced quickly and potently. We have found that β-arrestin-2 facilitates dephosphorylation of MLC, while, in a reciprocal fashion, β-arrestin 1 limits dephosphorylation of MLC. Intriguingly, loss of either β-arrestin-1 or 2 blocks phospho-MLC turnover and causes a decrease in the contraction of cells as monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, by employing the β-arrestin biased ligand [Sar1,Ile4,Ile8]-Ang, we demonstrate that AT1aR-mediated cellular motility involves a β-arrestin dependent component. This suggests that the reciprocal regulation of MLC phosphorylation status by β-arrestins-1 and 2 causes turnover in the phosphorylation status of MLC that is required for cell contractility and subsequent chemotaxic motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Simard
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William E. Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michel Grandbois
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche Canadienne en Nanopharmacologie et Microscopie à Force Atomique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Hennenberg M, Stief CG, Gratzke C. Prostatic α1-adrenoceptors: New concepts of function, regulation, and intracellular signaling. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:1074-85. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | | | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
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38
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Gesty-Palmer D, Yuan L, Martin B, Wood WH, Lee MH, Janech MG, Tsoi LC, Zheng WJ, Luttrell LM, Maudsley S. β-arrestin-selective G protein-coupled receptor agonists engender unique biological efficacy in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:296-314. [PMID: 23315939 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased G protein-coupled receptor agonists are orthosteric ligands that possess pathway-selective efficacy, activating or inhibiting only a subset of the signaling repertoire of their cognate receptors. In vitro, D-Trp(12),Tyr(34)-bPTH(7-34) [bPTH(7-34)], a biased agonist for the type 1 PTH receptor, antagonizes receptor-G protein coupling but activates arrestin-dependent signaling. In vivo, both bPTH(7-34) and the conventional agonist hPTH(1-34) stimulate anabolic bone formation. To understand how two PTH receptor ligands with markedly different in vitro efficacy could elicit similar in vivo responses, we analyzed transcriptional profiles from calvarial bone of mice treated for 8 wk with vehicle, bPTH(7-34) or hPTH(1-34). Treatment of wild-type mice with bPTH(7-34) primarily affected pathways that promote expansion of the osteoblast pool, notably cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and migration. These responses were absent in β-arrestin2-null mice, identifying them as downstream targets of β-arrestin2-mediated signaling. In contrast, hPTH(1-34) primarily affected pathways classically associated with enhanced bone formation, including collagen synthesis and matrix mineralization. hPTH(1-34) actions were less dependent on β-arrestin2, as might be expected of a ligand capable of G protein activation. In vitro, bPTH(7-34) slowed the rate of preosteoblast proliferation, enhanced osteoblast survival when exposed to an apoptotic stimulus, and stimulated cell migration in wild-type, but not β-arrestin2-null, calvarial osteoblasts. These results suggest that bPTH(7-34) and hPTH(1-34) affect bone mass in vivo through predominantly separate genomic mechanisms created by largely distinct receptor-signaling networks and demonstrate that functional selectivity can be exploited to change the quality of G protein-coupled receptor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Gesty-Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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39
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G-protein-coupled receptor dynamics: dimerization and activation models compared with experiment. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 40:394-9. [PMID: 22435818 DOI: 10.1042/bst20110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previously derived models of the active state of the β2-adrenergic receptor are compared with recently published X-ray crystallographic structures of activated GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). These molecular dynamics-based models using experimental data derived from biophysical experiments on activation were used to restrain the receptor to an active state that gave high enrichment for agonists in virtual screening. The β2-adrenergic receptor active model and X-ray structures are in good agreement over both the transmembrane region and the orthosteric binding site, although in some regions the active model is more similar to the active rhodopsin X-ray structures. The general features of the microswitches were well reproduced, but with minor differences, partly because of the unexpected X-ray results for the rotamer toggle switch. In addition, most of the interacting residues between the receptor and the G-protein were identified. This analysis of the modelling has also given important additional insight into GPCR dimerization: re-analysis of results on photoaffinity analogues of rhodopsin provided additional evidence that TM4 (transmembrane helix 4) resides at the dimer interface and that ligands such as bivalent ligands may pass between the mobile helices. A comparison, and discussion, is also carried out between the use of implicit and explicit solvent for active-state modelling.
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40
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Sigismund S, Confalonieri S, Ciliberto A, Polo S, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytosis and signaling: cell logistics shape the eukaryotic cell plan. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:273-366. [PMID: 22298658 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of endocytosis has evolved remarkably in little more than a decade. This is the result not only of advances in our knowledge of its molecular and biological workings, but also of a true paradigm shift in our understanding of what really constitutes endocytosis and of its role in homeostasis. Although endocytosis was initially discovered and studied as a relatively simple process to transport molecules across the plasma membrane, it was subsequently found to be inextricably linked with almost all aspects of cellular signaling. This led to the notion that endocytosis is actually the master organizer of cellular signaling, providing the cell with understandable messages that have been resolved in space and time. In essence, endocytosis provides the communications and supply routes (the logistics) of the cell. Although this may seem revolutionary, it is still likely to be only a small part of the entire story. A wealth of new evidence is uncovering the surprisingly pervasive nature of endocytosis in essentially all aspects of cellular regulation. In addition, many newly discovered functions of endocytic proteins are not immediately interpretable within the classical view of endocytosis. A possible framework, to rationalize all this new knowledge, requires us to "upgrade" our vision of endocytosis. By combining the analysis of biochemical, biological, and evolutionary evidence, we propose herein that endocytosis constitutes one of the major enabling conditions that in the history of life permitted the development of a higher level of organization, leading to the actuation of the eukaryotic cell plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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41
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Renner U, Zeug A, Woehler A, Niebert M, Dityatev A, Dityateva G, Gorinski N, Guseva D, Abdel-Galil D, Fröhlich M, Döring F, Wischmeyer E, Richter DW, Neher E, Ponimaskin EG. Heterodimerization of serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 differentially regulates receptor signalling and trafficking. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2486-99. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 are highly co-expressed in brain regions implicated in depression. However, their functional interaction has not been established. In the present study we show that 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors form heterodimers both in vitro and in vivo. Foerster resonance energy transfer-based assays revealed that, in addition to heterodimers, homodimers composed either by 5-HT1A or 5-HT7 receptors together with monomers co-exist in cells. The highest affinity to form the complex was obtained for the 5-HT7-5-HT7 homodimers, followed by the 5-HT7-5-HT1A heterodimers and 5-HT1A-5-HT1A homodimers. Functionally, heterodimerization decreases 5-HT1A receptor-mediated activation of Gi-protein without affecting 5-HT7 receptor-mediated signalling. Moreover, heterodimerization markedly decreases the ability of the 5-HT1A receptor to activate G-protein gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels in a heterologous system. The inhibitory effect on such channels was also preserved in hippocampal neurons, demonstrating a physiological relevance of heteromerization in vivo. In addition, heterodimerization is critically involved in initiation of the serotonin-mediated 5-HT1A receptor internalization and also enhances the ability of the 5-HT1A receptor to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinases. Finally, we found that production of 5-HT7 receptors in hippocampus continuously decreases during postnatal development, indicating that the relative concentration of 5-HT1A-5-HT7 heterodimers and, consequently, their functional importance undergoes pronounced developmental changes.
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Hoffert JD, Pisitkun T, Saeed F, Song JH, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Dynamics of the G protein-coupled vasopressin V2 receptor signaling network revealed by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.014613. [PMID: 22108457 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate diverse physiological processes, and many human diseases are due to defects in GPCR signaling. To identify the dynamic response of a signaling network downstream from a prototypical G(s)-coupled GPCR, the vasopressin V2 receptor, we have carried out multireplicate, quantitative phosphoproteomics with iTRAQ labeling at four time points following vasopressin exposure at a physiological concentration in cells isolated from rat kidney. A total of 12,167 phosphopeptides were identified from 2,783 proteins, with 273 changing significantly in abundance with vasopressin. Two-dimensional clustering of phosphopeptide time courses and Gene Ontology terms revealed that ligand binding to the V2 receptor affects more than simply the canonical cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A and arrestin pathways under physiological conditions. The regulated proteins included key components of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell-cell adhesion, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and apoptosis pathways. These data suggest that vasopressin can regulate an array of cellular functions well beyond its classical role in regulating water and solute transport. These results greatly expand the current view of GPCR signaling in a physiological context and shed new light on potential roles for this signaling network in disorders such as polycystic kidney disease. Finally, we provide an online resource of physiologically regulated phosphorylation sites with dynamic quantitative data (http://helixweb.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/TiPD/index.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Hoffert
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Del'guidice T, Lemasson M, Beaulieu JM. Role of Beta-arrestin 2 downstream of dopamine receptors in the Basal Ganglia. Front Neuroanat 2011; 5:58. [PMID: 21922001 PMCID: PMC3167352 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2011.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional scaffolding protein beta-arrestins (βArr) and the G protein-receptor kinases are involved in the desensitization of several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). However, arrestins can also contribute to GPCR signaling independently from G proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of βArr in the regulation of dopamine receptor functions in the striatum. First, we present in vivo evidence supporting a role for these proteins in the regulation of dopamine receptor desensitization. Second, we provide an overview of the roles of βArr2 in the regulation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases/MAP kinases and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways downstream of the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Thereafter, we examine the possible involvement of βArr-mediated signaling in the action of dopaminergic drugs used for the treatment of mental disorders. Finally, we focus on different potential cellular proteins regulated by βArr-mediated signaling which could contribute to the regulation of behavioral responses to dopamine. Overall, the identification of a cell signaling function for βArr downstream of dopamine receptors underscores the intricate complexity of the intertwined mechanisms regulating and mediating cell signaling in the basal ganglia. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to a better comprehension of the several roles played by these structures in the regulation of mood and to the development of new psychoactive drugs having better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Del'guidice
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard Québec, QC, Canada
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Björk K, Svenningsson P. Modulation of monoamine receptors by adaptor proteins and lipid rafts: role in some effects of centrally acting drugs and therapeutic agents. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:211-42. [PMID: 20887195 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The monoamines and their cognate receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and are vital for normal brain function. Dysfunction in these systems underlies several psychiatric and neurological disease states, and consequently monoamines are targets of a host of pharmacotherapies. This review provides an overview on how monoamine receptors are regulated by adaptor proteins and lipid rafts with emphasis on interactions in nerve cells. Monoamine receptors have prominent intracellular loops that provide binding sites for adaptor proteins. Receptor function is further modulated by cholesterol and submembranous microdomains termed lipid rafts. These interactions determine several facets of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function including trafficking, localization, and signaling. Possible roles of adaptor proteins and lipid rafts in disease states and in mediating actions of drugs and therapeutic agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Björk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Urs NM, Daigle TL, Caron MG. A dopamine D1 receptor-dependent β-arrestin signaling complex potentially regulates morphine-induced psychomotor activation but not reward in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:551-8. [PMID: 20980993 PMCID: PMC3021093 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is a widely used analgesic in humans that is associated with multiple untoward effects, such as addiction and physical dependence. In rodent models, morphine also induces locomotor activity. These effects likely involve functionally selective mechanisms. Indeed, G protein-coupled receptor desensitization and adaptor protein β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) through its interaction with the μ-opioid receptor regulates the analgesic but not the rewarding properties of morphine. However, βarr2 is also required for morphine-induced locomotor activity in mice, but the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate this arrestin-dependent behavior are not understood. In this study, we show that βarr2 is required for morphine-induced locomotor activity in a dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-dependent manner and that a βarr2/phospho-ERK (βarr2/pERK) signaling complex may mediate this behavior. Systemic administration of SL327, an MEK inhibitor, inhibits morphine-induced locomotion in wild-type mice in a dose-dependent manner. Acute morphine administration to mice promotes the formation of a βarr2/pERK signaling complex. Morphine-induced locomotor activity and formation of the βarr2/pERK signaling complex is blunted in D1R knockout (D1-KO) mice and is presumably independent of D2 dopamine receptors. However, D1Rs are not required for morphine-induced reward as D1-KO mice show the same conditioned place preference for morphine as do control mice. Taken together, these results suggest a potential role for a D1R-dependent βarr2/pERK signaling complex in selectively mediating the locomotor-stimulating but not the rewarding properties of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil M Urs
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tanya L Daigle
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc G Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA, Tel: +1 919 684 5433, Fax: +1 919 681 8641, E-mail:
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Bonde MM, Hansen JT, Sanni SJ, Haunsø S, Gammeltoft S, Lyngsø C, Hansen JL. Biased signaling of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor can be mediated through distinct mechanisms. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14135. [PMID: 21152433 PMCID: PMC2994726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) can adopt different active conformations facilitating a selective activation of either G protein or β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways. This represents an opportunity for development of novel therapeutics targeting selective biological effects of a given receptor. Several studies on pathway separation have been performed, many of these on the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). It has been shown that certain ligands or mutations facilitate internalization and/or recruitment of β-arrestins without activation of G proteins. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved. For instance, it is unclear whether such selective G protein-uncoupling is caused by a lack of ability to interact with G proteins or rather by an increased ability of the receptor to recruit β-arrestins. Since uncoupling of G proteins by increased ability to recruit β-arrestins could lead to different cellular or in vivo outcomes than lack of ability to interact with G proteins, it is essential to distinguish between these two mechanisms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied five AT1R mutants previously published to display pathway separation: D74N, DRY/AAY, Y292F, N298A, and Y302F (Ballesteros-Weinstein numbering: 2.50, 3.49-3.51, 7.43, 7.49, and 7.53). We find that D74N, DRY/AAY, and N298A mutants are more prone to β-arrestin recruitment than WT. In contrast, receptor mutants Y292F and Y302F showed impaired ability to recruit β-arrestin in response to Sar1-Ile4-Ile8 (SII) Ang II, a ligand solely activating the β-arrestin pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis reveals that the underlying conformations induced by these AT1R mutants most likely represent principally different mechanisms of uncoupling the G protein, which for some mutants may be due to their increased ability to recruit β-arrestin2. Hereby, these findings have important implications for drug discovery and 7TMR biology and illustrate the necessity of uncovering the exact molecular determinants for G protein-coupling and β-arrestin recruitment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mi Bonde
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Tind Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Samra Joke Sanni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Gammeltoft
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Christina Lyngsø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lerche Hansen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Luttrell LM, Gesty-Palmer D. Beyond desensitization: physiological relevance of arrestin-dependent signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:305-30. [PMID: 20427692 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors are the most diverse and therapeutically important family of receptors in the human genome. Ligand binding activates heterotrimeric G proteins that transmit intracellular signals by regulating effector enzymes or ion channels. G protein signaling is terminated, in large part, by arrestin binding, which uncouples the receptor and G protein and targets the receptor for internalization. It is clear, however, that heptahelical receptor signaling does not end with desensitization. Arrestins bind a host of catalytically active proteins and serve as ligand-regulated scaffolds that recruit protein and lipid kinase, phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and ubiquitin ligase activity into the receptor-arrestin complex. Although many of these arrestin-bound effectors serve to modulate G protein signaling, degrading second messengers and regulating endocytosis and trafficking, other signals seem to extend beyond the receptor-arrestin complex to regulate such processes as protein translation and gene transcription. Although these findings have led to a re-envisioning of heptahelical receptor signaling, little is known about the physiological roles of arrestin-dependent signaling. In vivo, the duality of arrestin function makes it difficult to dissociate the consequences of arrestin-dependent desensitization from those that might be ascribed to arrestin-mediated signaling. Nonetheless, recent evidence generated using arrestin knockouts, G protein-uncoupled receptor mutants, and arrestin pathway-selective "biased agonists" is beginning to reveal that arrestin signaling plays important roles in the retina, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, bone remodeling, immune system, and cancer. Understanding the signaling roles of arrestins may foster the development of pathway-selective drugs that exploit these pathways for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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Borlido J, Zecchini V, Mills IG. Nuclear Trafficking and Functions of Endocytic Proteins Implicated in Oncogenesis. Traffic 2009; 10:1209-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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G protein-coupled receptors stimulation and the control of cell migration. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1045-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Aplin M, Bonde MM, Hansen JL. Molecular determinants of angiotensin II type 1 receptor functional selectivity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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