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Zhou Z, Arroum T, Luo X, Kang R, Lee YJ, Tang D, Hüttemann M, Song X. Diverse functions of cytochrome c in cell death and disease. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:387-404. [PMID: 38521844 PMCID: PMC11043370 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox-active protein cytochrome c is a highly positively charged hemoglobin that regulates cell fate decisions of life and death. Under normal physiological conditions, cytochrome c is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, and its distribution can extend to the cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space under specific pathological or stress-induced conditions. In the mitochondria, cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, facilitating adenosine triphosphate synthesis, regulating cardiolipin peroxidation, and influencing reactive oxygen species dynamics. Upon cellular stress, it can be released into the cytosol, where it interacts with apoptotic peptidase activator 1 (APAF1) to form the apoptosome, initiating caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Additionally, following exposure to pro-apoptotic compounds, cytochrome c contributes to the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells. When translocated to the nucleus, it can induce chromatin condensation and disrupt nucleosome assembly. Upon its release into the extracellular space, cytochrome c may act as an immune mediator during cell death processes, highlighting its multifaceted role in cellular biology. In this review, we explore the diverse structural and functional aspects of cytochrome c in physiological and pathological responses. We summarize how posttranslational modifications of cytochrome c (e.g., phosphorylation, acetylation, tyrosine nitration, and oxidation), binding proteins (e.g., HIGD1A, CHCHD2, ITPR1, and nucleophosmin), and mutations (e.g., G41S, Y48H, and A51V) affect its function. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the latest advanced technologies utilized for detecting cytochrome c, along with potential therapeutic approaches related to this protein. These strategies hold tremendous promise in personalized health care, presenting opportunities for targeted interventions in a wide range of conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Čižmáriková M, Michalková R, Mirossay L, Mojžišová G, Zigová M, Bardelčíková A, Mojžiš J. Ellagic Acid and Cancer Hallmarks: Insights from Experimental Evidence. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1653. [PMID: 38002335 PMCID: PMC10669545 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease with a high global incidence and mortality rate. Although cancer therapy has evolved significantly over the years, numerous challenges persist on the path to effectively combating this multifaceted disease. Natural compounds derived from plants, fungi, or marine organisms have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in the field of cancer research. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic compound found in various fruits and nuts, has emerged as a potential cancer prevention and treatment agent. This review summarizes the experimental evidence supporting the role of EA in targeting key hallmarks of cancer, including proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis evasion, immune evasion, inflammation, genomic instability, and more. We discuss the molecular mechanisms by which EA modulates signaling pathways and molecular targets involved in these cancer hallmarks, based on in vitro and in vivo studies. The multifaceted actions of EA make it a promising candidate for cancer prevention and therapy. Understanding its impact on cancer biology can pave the way for developing novel strategies to combat this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Čižmáriková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriela Mojžišová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Zigová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Annamária Bardelčíková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
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Shi F, Chen Y, Dong C, Wang J, Song C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Huang X. Ni/Mn-Complex-Tethered Tetranuclear Polyoxovanadates: Crystal Structure and Inhibitory Activity on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG-2). Molecules 2023; 28:6843. [PMID: 37836686 PMCID: PMC10574323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) exhibit unique structural characteristics and excellent physical and chemical properties, which have attracted significant attention from scholars in the fields of anticancer research and chemotherapy. Herein, we successfully synthesized and structurally characterized two novel polyoxovanadates (POVs), denoted as POVs-1 and POVs-2, where [M(1-vIM)4]2[VV4O12]·H2O (M: NiII and MnII, 1-vinylimidazole abbreviated as 1-vIM) serve as ligands. The two POVs are isomeric and consist of fundamental structural units, each comprising one [V4O12]4- cluster, two [M(1-vIM)4]2+ cations, and one water molecule. Subsequently, we evaluated the cell viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells treated with the synthesized POVs using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide) assay. And the changes in cell nucleus morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and reactive oxygen species levels in HepG-2 exposed to POVs were monitored using specific fluorescent staining techniques. Both hybrid POVs showed potent inhibitory activities, induing apoptosis in HepG-2 cells along with significant mitochondria dysfunction and a burst of reactive oxygen species. Notably, the inhibitory effects of POVs-2 were more pronounced than those of POVs-1, which is primarily attributed to the different transition metal ions present. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between the metal components, structural characteristics, and the observed antitumor activities in HepG-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Yilan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Chuanheng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Jiajia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Chunman Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Yalin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
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Meng X, Cheng Y, Wang F, Sun Z, Chu H, Wang Y. Nano Self-Assembly for Apoptosis Induction and Early Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14421-14429. [PMID: 37695215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of early antitumor efficacy is one of the key issues in realizing high-efficiency and more precise tumor treatment. As a highly specific event in the early stage of apoptosis, the release of cytochrome c may act as a key biomarker for monitoring cell apoptosis. However, achieving real-time monitoring of the cytochrome c release in vivo remains a challenge. Herein, we report a novel integrated nanosystem named DFeK nanoparticle (DFeK NP) to achieve a favorable collaboration of inducing tumor cell apoptosis and monitoring early therapeutic efficacy, which combined the cytochrome c-activated DNA nanoprobe cApt-App with pro-apoptotic peptide [KLAKLAK]2 and ferrous ions. [KLAKLAK]2 can target the mitochondria to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane together with reactive oxygen species produced by ferrous ions via the Fenton reaction to promote mitochondrial damage. Then, cytochrome c is released from damaged mitochondria to trigger apoptosis, further activating the cApt-App probe from the fluorescence "off" state to the "on" state. The cytochrome c-specific "off-to-on" transition was successfully applied in fluorescence imaging of cytochrome c in vivo and thus achieved real-time early therapeutic efficacy monitoring. Collectively, this work presents a valuable integrated tool for tumor inhibition and therapeutic efficacy evaluation to realize more precise and more effective tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Meng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
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5
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Zhao N, Gao Y, Jia H, Jiang X. Anti-apoptosis effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:702-729. [PMID: 36892639 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, one of the leading causes of neurological dysfunction of brain cells, muscle dysfunction, and death, brings great harm and challenges to individual health, families, and society. Blood flow disruption causes decreased glucose and oxygen, insufficient to maintain normal brain tissue metabolism, resulting in intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, and inflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell necrosis, apoptosis, or neurological abnormalities. This paper summarizes the specific mechanism of cell injury that apoptosis triggered by reperfusion after cerebral ischemia, the related proteins involved in apoptosis, and the experimental progress of herbal medicine treatment through searching, analyzing, and summarizing the PubMed and Web Of Science databases, which includes active ingredients of herbal medicine, prescriptions, Chinese patent medicines, and herbal extracts, providing a new target or new strategy for drug treatment, and providing a reference for future experimental directions and using them to develop suitable small molecule drugs for clinical application. With the research of anti-apoptosis as the core, it is important to find highly effective, low toxicity, safe and cheap compounds from natural plants and animals with abundant resources to prevent and treat Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIR) and solve human suffering. In addition, understanding and summarizing the apoptotic mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the microscopic mechanism of CIR treatment, and the cellular pathways involved will help to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhe Gao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Waguia Kontchou C, Häcker G. Role of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during bacterial infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 374:83-127. [PMID: 36858657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the initial 'powerhouse' view, mitochondria have numerous functions in their mammalian cell and contribute to many physiological processes, and many of these we understand only partially. The control of apoptosis by mitochondria is firmly established. Many questions remain however how this function is embedded into physiology, and how other signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial apoptosis; the interplay of bacteria with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one such example. The outer mitochondrial membrane regulates both import into mitochondria and the release of intermembrane, and in some situations also matrix components from mitochondria, and these mitochondrial components can have signaling function in the cytosol. One function is the induction of apoptotic cell death. An exciting, more recently discovered function is the regulation of inflammation. Mitochondrial molecules, both proteins and nucleic acids, have inflammatory activity when released from mitochondria, an activity whose regulation is intertwined with the activation of apoptotic caspases. Bacterial infection can have more general effects on mitochondrial apoptosis-regulation, through effects on host transcription and other pathways, such as signals controlled by pattern recognition. Some specialized bacteria have products that more specifically regulate signaling to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and to apoptosis; both pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms have been reported. Among the intriguing recent findings in this area are signaling contributions of porins and the sub-lethal release of intermembrane constituents. We will here review the literature and place the new developments into the established context of mitochondrial signaling during the contact of bacterial pathogens with human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Waguia Kontchou
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu X, Wang T, Wu Y, Tan Y, Jiang T, Li K, Lou B, Chen L, Liu Y, Liu Z. Aptamer based probes for living cell intracellular molecules detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114231. [PMID: 35390719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors have been employed for monitoring and imaging biological events and molecules. Sensitive detection of different biomolecules in vivo can reflect the changes of physiological conditions in real-time, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The detection of intracellular molecules concentration change can indicate the occurrence and development of disease. But the analysis process of the existing detection methods, such as Western blot detection of intracellular protein, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique quantitative analysis of intracellular RNA and DNA, usually need to extract the cell lysis which is complex and time-consuming. Fluorescence bioimaging enables in situ monitoring of intracellular molecules in living cells. By combining the specificity of aptamer for intracellular molecules binding, and biocompatibility of fluorescent materials and nanomaterials, biosensors with different nanostructures have been developed to enter into living cells for analysis. This review summarizes the fluorescence detection methods based on aptamer for intracellular molecules detection. The principles, limit of detection, advantages, and disadvantages of different platforms for intracellular molecular fluorescent response are summarized and reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future developments were discussed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yifu Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Beibei Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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Li L, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ, Willard B, Chen Q. Calpain-mediated protein targets in cardiac mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 34997008 PMCID: PMC8741987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 1 and 2 (CPN1/2) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that exist in cytosol and mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of CPN1/2 decreases cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)-reperfusion (REP) by improving mitochondrial function. However, the protein targets of CPN1/2 activation during ISC-REP are unclear. CPN1/2 include a large subunit and a small regulatory subunit 1 (CPNS1). Genetic deletion of CPNS1 eliminates the activities of both CPN1 and CPN2. Conditional cardiomyocyte specific CPNS1 deletion mice were used in the present study to clarify the role of CPN1/2 activation in mitochondrial damage during ISC-REP with an emphasis on identifying the potential protein targets of CPN1/2. Isolated hearts from wild type (WT) or CPNS1 deletion mice underwent 25 min in vitro global ISC and 30 min REP. Deletion of CPNS1 led to decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1 activation compared to WT. Cardiac injury was decreased in CPNS1 deletion mice following ISC-REP as shown by the decreased infarct size compared to WT. Compared to WT, mitochondrial function was improved in CPNS1 deletion mice following ischemia-reperfusion as shown by the improved oxidative phosphorylation and decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. H2O2 generation was also decreased in mitochondria from deletion mice following ISC-REP compared to WT. Deletion of CPNS1 also resulted in less cytochrome c and truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) release from mitochondria. Proteomic analysis of the isolated mitochondria showed that deletion of CPNS1 increased the content of proteins functioning in regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis (paraplegin and sarcalumenin) and complex III activity. These results suggest that activation of CPN1 increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function and triggering cytochrome c and tAIF release from mitochondria into cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Fan X, Wang X, Liu XR, Li KX, Liu Y. Effects of ferulic acid on regulating the neurovascular unit: Implications for ischemic stroke treatment. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_76_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Khodayari N, Wang RL, Oshins R, Lu Y, Millett M, Aranyos AM, Mostofizadeh S, Scindia Y, Flagg TO, Brantly M. The Mechanism of Mitochondrial Injury in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Mediated Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13255. [PMID: 34948056 PMCID: PMC8704552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is caused by a single mutation in the SERPINA1 gene, which culminates in the accumulation of misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin (ZAAT) within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes. AATD is associated with liver disease resulting from hepatocyte injury due to ZAAT-mediated toxic gain-of-function and ER stress. There is evidence of mitochondrial damage in AATD-mediated liver disease; however, the mechanism by which hepatocyte retention of aggregated ZAAT leads to mitochondrial injury is unknown. Previous studies have shown that ER stress is associated with both high concentrations of fatty acids and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. Using a human AAT transgenic mouse model and hepatocyte cell lines, we show abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function, and dysregulated lipid metabolism, which are associated with hepatic expression and accumulation of ZAAT. We also describe a novel mechanism of ZAAT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. We provide evidence that misfolded ZAAT translocates to the mitochondria for degradation. Furthermore, inhibition of ZAAT expression restores the mitochondrial function in ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes. Altogether, our results show that ZAAT aggregation in hepatocytes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest a plausible model for AATD liver injury and the possibility of mechanism-based therapeutic interventions for AATD liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Rejean L. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Michael Millett
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Alek M. Aranyos
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Sayedamin Mostofizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Tammy O. Flagg
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
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Fox CA, Lethcoe K, Ryan RO. Calcium-induced release of cytochrome c from cardiolipin nanodisks: Implications for apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183722. [PMID: 34400138 PMCID: PMC8464532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Miniature bilayer membranes comprised of phospholipid and an apolipoprotein scaffold, termed nanodisks (ND), have been used in binding studies. When ND formulated with cardiolipin (CL), but not phosphatidylcholine, were incubated with cytochrome c, FPLC gel filtration chromatography provided evidence of a stable binding interaction. Incubation of CL ND with CaCl2 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in sample turbidity caused by ND particle disruption. Prior incubation of CL ND with cytochrome c increased CL ND sensitivity to CaCl2-induced effects. Centrifugation of CaCl2-treated CL ND samples yielded pellet and supernatant fractions. Whereas the ND scaffold protein, apolipophorin III, was recovered in the pellet fraction along with CL, the majority of the cytochrome c pool was in the supernatant fraction. Moreover, when cytochrome c CL ND were incubated with CaCl2 at concentrations below the threshold to induce ND particle disruption, FPLC analysis showed that cytochrome c was released. Pre-incubation of CL ND with CaCl2 under conditions that do not disrupt ND particle integrity prevented cytochrome c binding to CL ND. Thus, competition between Ca2+ and cytochrome c for a common binding site on CL modulates cytochrome c binding and likely plays a role in its dissociation from CL-rich cristae membranes in response to apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Kyle Lethcoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America.
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Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Release of Apoptogenic Factors at the Forefront of the Antitumor Action of Mango Peel Extract. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144328. [PMID: 34299603 PMCID: PMC8303932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, an improved understanding of cancer cell response to cellular stress has become more necessary. Indeed, targeting the intracellular pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance triggering the tumor commitment to cell demise could represent an advantageous strategy to develop cancer-tailored therapies. In this scenario, the present study shows how the peel extract of mango-a tropical fruit rich in phytochemicals with nutraceutical properties-can affect the cell viability of three colon cancer cell lines (HT29, Caco-2 and HCT116), inducing an imbalance of cellular redox responses. By using hydro-alcoholic mango peel extract (MPE), we observed a consistent decline in thiol group content, which was accompanied by upregulation of MnSOD-a mitochondrial scavenger enzyme that modulates the cellular response against oxidative damage. Such an effect was the consequence of an early production of mitochondrial superoxide anions that appeared after just 30 min of exposure of colon cancer cells to MPE. The effect was accompanied by mitochondrial injury, consisting of the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and a decrease in the level of proteins localized in the mitochondrial membrane-such as voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC1), mitofilin, and some members of Bcl-2 family proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL)-with the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors (cytochrome C and AIF). The analysis of the cytotoxic effects exerted by the different constituents of MPE (gallic acid, mangiferin, citric acid, quinic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, and methyl gallate) allowed us to identify those phytochemicals responsible for the observed anticancer effects, sustaining their future employment as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents.
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13
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BAX mitochondrial integration is regulated allosterically by its α1-α2 loop. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3270-3281. [PMID: 34135480 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformational changes converting BAX from an inert cytosolic monomer into the homo-oligomers that permeabilize the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) are crucial steps toward apoptosis. Here, we have explored the potential role of the BAX α1-α2 loop in this process by three mutagenic approaches: replacing loop segments with cognate loop regions from closely related proteins, alanine scanning and analysis of BAX α1-α2 loop missense mutations observed in tumours. Responsiveness to a death signal, such as tBID, was reduced by mutations in the N-terminal but not C-terminal half of the loop. N-terminal loop variants, which were enriched in tumours, impaired MOM integration by allosterically reducing exposure of the BAX α9 transmembrane anchor. Most C-terminal loop variants reduced BAX stability, leading to increased BAX apoptotic function in some variants. Thus, our systematic mutagenesis suggests that the two halves of the α1-α2 loop have distinct functions. We show that the N-terminal half of the loop (its first nine residues) comprises an important allosteric regulator of BAX activation by setting the proportion of MOM-integrated BAX following a death signal. The enrichment of N-terminal loop mutations in tumours indicates that they may promote tumour cell survival and underscore the loop as a target for therapeutic manipulation of BAX function.
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14
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Birkinshaw RW, Iyer S, Lio D, Luo CS, Brouwer JM, Miller MS, Robin AY, Uren RT, Dewson G, Kluck RM, Colman PM, Czabotar PE. Structure of detergent-activated BAK dimers derived from the inert monomer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2123-2134.e5. [PMID: 33794146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A body of data supports the existence of core (α2-α5) dimers of BAK and BAX in the oligomeric, membrane-perturbing conformation of these essential apoptotic effector molecules. Molecular structures for these dimers have only been captured for truncated constructs encompassing the core domain alone. Here, we report a crystal structure of BAK α2-α8 dimers (i.e., minus its flexible N-terminal helix and membrane-anchoring C-terminal segment) that has been obtained through the activation of monomeric BAK with the detergent C12E8. Core dimers are evident, linked through the crystal by contacts via latch (α6-α8) domains. This crystal structure shows activated BAK dimers with the extended latch domain present. Our data provide direct evidence for the conformational change converting BAK from inert monomer to the functional dimer that destroys mitochondrial integrity. This dimer is the smallest functional unit for recombinant BAK or BAX described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Birkinshaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sweta Iyer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daisy Lio
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy S Luo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jason M Brouwer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle S Miller
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Adeline Y Robin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rachel T Uren
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter M Colman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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15
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Chen YF, Chang CH, Hsu MW, Chang HM, Chen YC, Jiang YS, Jan JS. Peptide Fibrillar Assemblies Exhibit Membranolytic Effects and Antimetastatic Activity on Lung Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3836-3846. [PMID: 32790281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a central oncology concern that worsens patient conditions and increases mortality in a short period of time. During metastatic events, mitochondria undergo specific physiological alterations that have emerged as notable therapeutic targets to counter cancer progression. In this study, we use drug-free, cationic peptide fibrillar assemblies (PFAs) formed by poly(L-Lysine)-block-poly(L-Threonine) (Lys-b-Thr) to target mitochondria. These PFAs interact with cellular and mitochondrial membranes via electrostatic interactions, resulting in membranolysis. Charge repulsion and hydrogen-bonding interactions exerted by Lys and Thr segments dictate the packing of the peptides and enable the PFAs to display enhanced membranolytic activity toward cancer cells. Cytochrome c (cyt c), endonuclease G, and apoptosis-inducing factor were released from mitochondria after treatment of lung cancer cells, subsequently inducing caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways. A metastatic xenograft mouse model was used to show how the PFAs significantly suppressed lung metastasis and inhibited tumor growth, while avoiding significant body weight loss and mortality. Antimetastatic activities of PFAs are also demonstrated by in vitro inhibition of lung cancer cell migration and clonogenesis. Our results imply that the cationic PFAs achieved the intended and targeted mitochondrial damage, providing an efficient antimetastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fon Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ho-Min Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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16
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Cytotoxic constituents from Penicillium concentricum, an endophytic fungus from Trichocolea tomentella. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:323-329. [PMID: 30688672 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In our continuing effort to identify bioactive secondary metabolites from natural sources, the antiproliferative activity of 23 compounds, previously isolated from Penicillium concentricum, was assessed using the sulforhodamine B assay. The cytotoxic effect was determined against HeLa cervical, HT-29 colon, MDA-MB-321 breast, PC-3, and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. Compounds were also tested in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target-based assays. The results showed that 2-bromogentisyl alcohol (2) and 3-hydroxy-benzenemethanol (8) exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines. Epoxydon (14) showed selectivity against DU-145 prostate cancer cells [inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50)=1.2 μmol/l]. Compounds 2, 8, 14, 18, 21 also induced damage of MTP (IC50=0.1, 0.2, 7.0, 9.6, and 1.8 μmol/l, respectively). In the NF-κB assay, only compound 8 exhibited potent inhibition (IC50=0.3 μmol/l). Compounds 2 and 14 showed cytotoxic activity and induction of damage in mitochondrial membrane potential while compound 8 inhibited NF-κB and MTP damage. Additionally, compound 14 with selectivity against DU-145 prostate cancer cells induced cell cycle arrested in G2/M phase. Thus, compounds 2, 8, and 14 could be useful leads in the development of new anticancer agents from natural sources.
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17
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Hong JY, Kim H, Jeon WJ, Baek S, Ha IH. Antioxidative Effects of Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK through Mitochondrial Biogenesis Improvement in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060548. [PMID: 32585989 PMCID: PMC7346177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction is a leading cause of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial changes play an important role in preventing oxidative stress. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK (TQC) extract is a plant from China belonging to the thymus species, which can mediate the inflammatory response and prevent cell damage through its antioxidant activities. This study examines whether TQC can scavenge excess ROS originating from the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages and performed an immunocytochemistry dot blot of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. TQC was found to significantly reduce the intensity of immunostained MitoSOX and 8-OHdG levels in the total genomic DNA within the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the TQC groups. Therefore, we verified that TQC improves mitochondrial function and attenuates oxidative stress induced by LPS. Our results can provide reference for the effect of TQC to develop new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Hyunseong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Wan-Jin Jeon
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Seungho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea;
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Wang TS, Coppens I, Saorin A, Brady NR, Hamacher-Brady A. Endolysosomal Targeting of Mitochondria Is Integral to BAX-Mediated Mitochondrial Permeabilization during Apoptosis Signaling. Dev Cell 2020; 53:627-645.e7. [PMID: 32504557 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a core event in apoptosis signaling. However, the underlying mechanism of BAX and BAK pore formation remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate that mitochondria are globally and dynamically targeted by endolysosomes (ELs) during MOMP. In response to pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein signaling and pharmacological MOMP induction, ELs increasingly form transient contacts with mitochondria. Subsequently, ELs rapidly accumulate within the entire mitochondrial compartment. This switch-like accumulation period temporally coincides with mitochondrial BAX clustering and cytochrome c release. Remarkably, interactions of ELs with mitochondria control BAX recruitment and pore formation. Knockdown of Rab5A, Rab5C, or USP15 interferes with EL targeting of mitochondria and functionally uncouples BAX clustering from cytochrome c release, while knockdown of the Rab5 exchange factor Rabex-5 impairs both BAX clustering and cytochrome c release. Together, these data reveal that EL-mitochondrial inter-organelle communication is an integral regulatory component of functional MOMP execution during cellular apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sen Wang
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Saorin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathan Ryan Brady
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Anne Hamacher-Brady
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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19
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Yu W, Zhang B, Song H, Zhan R, Li L, He C, Jiang Q, Wang X, Wei L, Zhao N, Guo W, Wang X. Preliminary investigation demonstrating the GHITM gene probably involved in apoptosis and growth of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:19. [PMID: 31906861 PMCID: PMC6945724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth hormone inducible transmembrane protein (GHITM) is a highly conserved transmembrane protein. This study was conducted to investigate the role of GHITM gene in the apoptosis and growth of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculate. Results The complete cDNA of this gene was cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The full-length cDNA was 2242 bp, including an open reading frame of 1021 bp that encoded a protein of 342 amino acid residues. The mRNA expression profiles of GHITM gene in different tissues (liver, kidney, gonad and foot) and different growth phases (6-months old and 2-years old) showed that it was expressed in various tissues and different growth phases. Silencing of the GHITM gene by RNAi (RNA interference) experiments revealed that the GHITM gene possibly plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis through detecting the Caspase (Cysteine-requiring Aspartate Protease)-3 activity. In addition, the aperture width and body whorl length of the snail was significantly affected by RNAi, suggesting that this gene plays a significant role in promoting the growth of the organism. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the GHITM gene was involved in apoptosis and growth in golden apple snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baolu Zhang
- Oceanic Consultation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongce Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qiuyun Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Center for Mollusc Study and Development, Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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20
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Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya M, Quezada-Pablo H, López-Acosta O, El-Hafidi M. Kidney dysfunction induced by a sucrose-rich diet in rat involves mitochondria ROS generation, cardiolipin changes, and the decline of autophagy protein markers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F53-F66. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic link between obesity and renal failure has been proposed to involve mitochondria reactive oxygen species generation and lipotoxicity. These pathological conditions make mitochondria of particular interest in the regulation of cell function and death by both apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate mitochondria function, autophagy, and apoptosis protein markers in the kidney from a rat model of intra-abdominal obesity and renal damage induced by a high-sucrose diet. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed (SF) kidneys in the presence of pyruvate-malate generated H2O2at a higher rate than from control (79.81 ± 4.98 vs. 65.84 ± 1.95 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). With succinate, the release of H2O2was significantly higher compared with pyruvate-malate, and it remained higher in SF than in control mitochondria (146.4 ± 8.8 vs. 106.1 ± 5.9 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). However, cytochrome c release from SF kidney mitochondria was lower than from control. In addition, cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, was found increased in SF mitochondria due to the enhanced amount of both cardiolipin synthase and tafazzin. Cardiolipin was also found enriched with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, which are less susceptible to peroxidative stress involved in cytochrome c release. Furthermore, beclin-1 and light chain 3-B, as autophagy protein markers, and caspase-9, as apoptosis protein marker, were found decreased in SF kidneys. These results suggest that the decline of autophagy protein markers and the lack of apoptosis process could be a pathological mechanism of cell dysfunction leading to the progression of renal disease in SF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Barrios-Maya
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Quezada-Pablo
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ocarol López-Acosta
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Parui PP, Sarakar Y, Majumder R, Das S, Yang H, Yasuhara K, Hirota S. Determination of proton concentration at cardiolipin-containing membrane interfaces and its relation with the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9140-9151. [PMID: 31827756 PMCID: PMC6889831 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The activities of biomolecules are affected by the proton concentrations at biological membranes. Here, we succeeded in evaluating the interface proton concentration (-log[H+] defined as pH') of cardiolipin (CL)-enriched membrane models of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) using a spiro-rhodamine-glucose molecule (RHG). According to fluorescence microscopy and 1H-NMR studies, RHG interacted with the Stern layer of the membrane. The acid/base equilibrium of RHG between its protonated open form (o-RHG) and deprotonated closed spiro-form (c-RHG) at the membrane interface was monitored with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. The interface pH' of 25% cardiolipin (CL)-containing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), which possess similar lipid properties to those of the IMM, was estimated to be ∼3.9, when the bulk pH was similar to the mitochondrial intermembrane space pH (6.8). However, for the membranes containing mono-anionic lipids, the interface pH' was estimated to be ∼5.3 at bulk pH 6.8, indicating that the local negative charges of the lipid headgroups in the lipid membranes are responsible for the deviation of the interface pH' from the bulk pH. The peroxidase activity of cyt c increased 5-7 fold upon lowering the pH to 3.9-4.3 or adding CL-containing (10-25% of total lipids) LUVs compared to that at bulk pH 6.8, indicating that the pH' decrease at the IMM interface from the bulk pH enhances the peroxidase activity of cyt c. The peroxidase activity of cyt c at the membrane interface of tetraoleoyl CL (TOCL)-enriched (50% of total lipids) LUVs was higher than that estimated from the interface pH', while the peroxidase activity was similar to that estimated from the interface pH' for tetramyristoyl CL (TMCL)-enriched LUVs, supporting the hypothesis that when interacting with TOCL (not TMCL), cyt c opens the heme crevice to substrates. The present simple methodology allows us to estimate the interface proton concentrations of complex biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Parui
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Yeasmin Sarakar
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
| | - Rini Majumder
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
- Department of Chemistry , Maulana Azad College , Kolkata 700013 , India
| | - Hongxu Yang
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
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Newcastle disease virus mediated apoptosis and migration inhibition of human oral cancer cells: A probable role of β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-7. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10882. [PMID: 31350432 PMCID: PMC6659693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis and its dissemination are most enigmatic and challenging aspects in the development of its therapeutics. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a well-studied avian paramyxovirus frequently isolated from birds and rarely from mammals. Since the first report of its oncolytic property, many NDV strains were studied for its effect in various cancer cells. In the present study, NDV strain Bareilly was characterized for its apoptotic potential and migration inhibition in human oral cancer cells. The NDV mediated apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA laddering, and immunoblotting. Moreover, NDV decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential suggesting an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in oral cancer cells. NDV infection in oral cancer cells results in migration inhibition by a reduction in levels of MMP-7. MMP-7 is one of the key target genes of β-catenin. While overexpression of MMP-7 reversed the inhibitory effect of NDV mediated migration suggested its possible involvement. Wnt/β-catenin is an essential pathway for cell growth, differentiation, and metastasis. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NDV infection has never been reported. Our results showed that NDV dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin by down-regulation of p-Akt and p-GSK3β leading to degradation of β-catenin. Furthermore, NDV infection leads to a reduction in cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of β-catenin. The study will provide us with a better insight into the molecular mechanism of NDV mediated oncolysis and the key cellular partners involved in the process.
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Cho T, Wang X, Uetrecht J. Rotenone Increases Isoniazid Toxicity but Does Not Cause Significant Liver Injury: Implications for the Hypothesis that Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Is a Common Mechanism of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1423-1431. [PMID: 31251588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) significantly increase the risk of failure in drug development. The major IDR leading to drug candidate failure is idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). Although most evidence suggests that IDRs are mediated by the immune system, there are other hypotheses, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Many pharmaceutical companies routinely screen for mitochondrial toxicity in an attempt to "derisk" drug candidates. However, the basic hypothesis has never been rigorously tested. A major assay used for this screening involves measurement of inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. One study found that the combination of rotenone and isoniazid, which inhibit mitochondrial complex I and II, respectively, were synergistic in causing hepatocyte toxicity in vitro and suggested the combination of another drug that inhibited complex I would increase the risk of isoniazid-induced liver injury in patients. We tested this hypothesis in vivo where wild-type and PD-1-/- mice administered anti-CTLA-4, our impaired immune tolerance mouse model, were given 0.02% (w/v) rotenone in water or 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.01% (w/w) rotenone alone or in combination with isoniazid in food. The cotreatment led to lethality in 100% of the animals receiving 0.1% rotenone and 0.2% isoniazid and 83% of the animals cotreated with 0.05% rotenone and 0.2% isoniazid in food. Nevertheless, there was no significant increase in GLDH or histological evidence of liver injury. No signs of toxicity were observed in any of the mice given rotenone or isoniazid alone. Even though inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain did not lead to significant liver toxicity, it could provide danger signals that promote immune-mediated liver injury. However, rotenone did not significantly increase the liver injury induced by isoniazid in our impaired immune tolerance model. Overall, we conclude that inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is not a significant mechanism of IDILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Jack Uetrecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3M2 , Canada
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Anaya-Eugenio GD, Addo EM, Ezzone N, Henkin JM, Ninh TN, Ren Y, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells and Zebrafish by Corchorusoside C from Streptocaulon juventas. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1645-1655. [PMID: 31120251 PMCID: PMC6615048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Corchorusoside C (1), isolated from Streptocaulon juventas collected in Vietnam, was found to be nontoxic in a zebrafish ( Danio rerio) model and to induce cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines with notable selective activity against prostate DU-145 cancer cells (IC50 0.08 μM). Moreover, corchorusoside C induced DU-145 cell shrinkage and cell detachment. In CCD-112CoN colon normal cells, 1 showed significantly reduced cytotoxic activity (IC50 2.3 μM). A preliminary mechanistic study indicated that 1 inhibits activity and protein expression of NF-κB (p50 and p65), IKK (α and β), and ICAM-1 in DU-145 cells. ROS concentrations increased at 5 h post-treatment, and MTP decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, decreased protein expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of PARP-1 was observed. Furthermore, corchorusoside C increased both the activity and protein levels of caspases 3 and 7. Additionally, 1 induced sub-G1 population increase of DU-145 cells and modulated caspases in zebrafish with nondifferential morphological effects. Therefore, corchorusoside C (1) induces apoptosis in DU-145 cells and targets the same pathways both in vitro and in vivo in zebrafish. Thus, the use of zebrafish assays seems worthy of wider application than is currently employed for the evaluation of potential anticancer agents of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo D. Anaya-Eugenio
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ermias Mekuria Addo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nathan Ezzone
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Joshua M. Henkin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tran Ngoc Ninh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Esperanza J. Carcache de Blanco
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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25
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Dengler MA, Robin AY, Gibson L, Li MX, Sandow JJ, Iyer S, Webb AI, Westphal D, Dewson G, Adams JM. BAX Activation: Mutations Near Its Proposed Non-canonical BH3 Binding Site Reveal Allosteric Changes Controlling Mitochondrial Association. Cell Rep 2019; 27:359-373.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite its morbidity, metastasis is an inefficient process that few cells can survive. However, cancer cells can overcome these metastatic barriers via cellular responses to microenvironmental cues, such as through mechanotransduction. This review focuses on the mechanosensitive ion channels TRPV4 and P2X7, and their roles in metastasis, as both channels have been shown to significantly affect tumor cell dissemination. Upon activation, these channels help form tumor neovasculature, promote transendothelial migration, and increase cell motility. Conversely, they have also been linked to forms of cancer cell death dependent upon levels of activation, implying the complex functionality of mechanosensitive ion channels. Understanding the roles of TRPV4, P2X7 and other mechanosensitive ion channels in these processes may reveal new possible drug targets that modify channel function to reduce a tumor's metastatic potential.
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27
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Cheng CY, Kao ST, Lee YC. Ferulic Acid Exerts Anti-apoptotic Effects against Ischemic Injury by Activating HSP70/Bcl-2- and HSP70/Autophagy-Mediated Signaling after Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:39-61. [PMID: 30612456 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the anti-apoptotic effects of the administration of ferulic acid (FrA) in rats 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 3 d of ischemia and the involvement of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70)-mediated signaling in the penumbral cortex. Our results demonstrated that FrA pretreatment at doses of 80 mg/kg (FrA-80 mg) and 100 mg/kg (FrA-100 mg) effectively ameliorated neurological functions and reduced the numbers of cytochrome c-, cleaved caspase-3-, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the penumbral cortex 3 d after ischemia. Moreover, FrA-80 mg and FrA-100 mg pretreatment markedly upregulated cytosolic HSP70, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) A/B-II and autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5) expression; cytosolic and mitochondrial X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) expression and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. FrA pretreatment downregulated cytosolic cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), procathepsin B, and cathepsin B expression and mitochondrial and cytosolic second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein-binding protein with a low isoelectric point (Smac/DIABLO) expression in the penumbral cortex. Pretreatment with VER155008, a HSP70 family inhibitor, significantly inhibited the effects of FrA-100 mg on the expression of the aforementioned proteins expression in the penumbral cortex. FrA-80 mg and FrA-100 mg pretreatment exerts neuroprotective effects against caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis through activating HSP70/Bcl-2- and HSP70/autophagy-induced signaling pathways. Furthermore, the HSP70/Bcl-2- and HSP70/autophagy-induced anti-apoptotic effects of FrA pretreatment can be attributed to the regulation of Bax/cytochrome c/Smac/DIABLO/XIAP/ caspase-3- (or Bax/AIF-) and Beclin-1/LC3A/B-II/Atg5-mediated signaling, respectively, in the penumbral cortex 3 d after permanent MCAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- * School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,¶ Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital 42056, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- † School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- ‡ Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,§ Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Iyer S, Uren RT, Kluck RM. Probing BAK and BAX Activation and Pore Assembly with Cytochrome c Release, Limited Proteolysis, and Oxidant-Induced Linkage. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1877:201-216. [PMID: 30536008 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8861-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeabilization is a key event in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and is mediated by either of the BCL-2 family members BAK or BAX. These two proteins generate pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane that release factors such as cytochrome c into the cytosol to trigger caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. To generate pores, BAK and BAX undergo major changes including BAX translocation to the outer membrane, and partial unfolding, dimerization, and oligomerization. Here we describe biochemical protocols that can be used on most cell types to gain a population overview of BAK and BAX status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Iyer
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel T Uren
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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29
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Zhdanov DD, Gladilina YA, Pokrovsky VS, Grishin DV, Grachev VA, Orlova VS, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Plyasova AA, Sokolov NN. Endonuclease G modulates the alternative splicing of deoxyribonuclease 1 mRNA in human CD4 + T lymphocytes and prevents the progression of apoptosis. Biochimie 2018; 157:158-176. [PMID: 30521874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic endonucleases act cooperatively to fragment DNA and ensure the irreversibility of apoptosis. However, very little is known regarding the potential regulatory links between endonucleases. Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase I) inactivation is caused by alternative splicing (AS) of DNase I pre-mRNA skipping exon 4, which occurs in response to EndoG overexpression in cells. The current study aimed to determine the role of EndoG in the regulation of DNase I mRNA AS and the modulation of its enzymatic activity. A strong correlation was identified between the EndoG expression levels and DNase I splice variants in human lymphocytes. EndoG overexpression in CD4+ T cells down-regulated the mRNA levels of the active full-length DNase I variant and up-regulated the levels of the non-active spliced variant, which acts in a dominant-negative fashion. DNase I AS was induced by the translocation of EndoG from mitochondria into nuclei during the development of apoptosis. The DNase I spliced variant was induced by recombinant EndoG or by incubation with EndoG-digested cellular RNA in an in vitro system with isolated cell nuclei. Using antisense DNA oligonucleotides, we identified a 72-base segment that spans the adjacent segments of exon 4 and intron 4 and appears to be responsible for the AS. DNase I-positive CD4+ T cells overexpressing EndoG demonstrated decreased progression towards bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Therefore, EndoG is an endonuclease with the unique ability to inactivate another endonuclease, DNase I, and to modulate the development of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Grachev
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina S Orlova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anna A Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Xu H, Li Y, Han B, Li Z, Wang B, Jiang P, Zhang J, Ma W, Zhou D, Li X, Ye X. Anti-breast-Cancer Activity Exerted by β-Sitosterol-d-glucoside from Sweet Potato via Upregulation of MicroRNA-10a and via the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9704-9718. [PMID: 30160115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a prominent source of cancer mortality in women throughout the world. β-Sitosterol-d-glucoside (β-SDG), a newly isolated phytosterol from sweet potato, possibly displays potent anticancer activity. However, the probable anticancer mechanisms involved are still unclear. This study sought to study how β-SDG from sweet potato affects two BC cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) and nude mice bearing MCF7-induced tumors. In addition, we assessed how β-SDG affects tumor suppressor miR-10a and PI3K-Akt signaling in BC cells. Cell viability and proliferation were determined via MTT and colony-formation assays, and apoptosis was quantified by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. In addition, miR-10a expression and apoptosis-related protein levels were measured. Our study indicated that β-SDG exhibited cytotoxic activities on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via inducing apoptosis and activating caspase proteases in these cells. Furthermore, the experimental results in nude mice bearing MCF7-induced tumors demonstrated that oral β-SDG administration at medium (60 mg/kg) or high (120 mg/kg) doses was sufficient to substantially impair the growth of tumors and to decrease the levels of CEA, CA125, and CA153 by 64.71, 74.64, and 85.32%, respectively, relative to those of the controls ( P < 0.01). β-SDG was further found to regulate the expression of PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-2-family members, and other factors involved in the PI3K-Akt-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway via the tumor suppressor miR-10a. These findings indicated that β-SDG suppresses tumor growth by upregulating miR-10a expression and inactivating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, β-SDG could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent against MCF7-cell-related BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
- McLean Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Belmont , Massachusetts 02478 , United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Pu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Wenyu Ma
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Deqi Zhou
- Oncology Department , Chongqing Beibei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chongqing 400700 , China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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Photoactivated [Mn(CO) 3Br(μ-bpcpd)] 2 induces apoptosis in cancer cells via intrinsic pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:28-41. [PMID: 30195977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) are organometallic/organic compounds that release carbon monoxide (CO) spontaneously or upon activation. PhotoCORMs are capable of releasing CO on light based activation. This group of molecules is used in photodynamic therapy due to their ability to release CO in a controlled manner. In the present investigation, the release of CO from [Mn(CO)3Br(μ-bpcpd)]2 (MnCORM) upon irradiation at λmax 365 nm was assessed spectrophotometrically using myoglobin assay and confirmed by liquid FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Further, the cytotoxic potential of MnCORM on normal cells (HEK 293) and cancer cell lines such as lung (A549), cervical (HeLa), breast (MDA MB-231) and colon (HCT-15) was evaluated. The IC50 values of MnCORM were found to be 21.37 ± 1.72, 24.12 ± 1.03, 21.89 ± 0.59 and 13.69 ± 0.91 μM on cervical (HeLa), lung (A549), colon (HCT-15) and breast (MDA MB-231) cancer cells respectively. An inquest into the nature of cell death was confirmed based on the nuclear and cytological examinations, flow cytometric analyses and protein expression studies. The AO/EB dual staining and cytological evaluation of the treated cells revealed that the cell death might be due to apoptosis. The flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide (PI) stained cells showed a significant amount of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells due to MnCORM treatment. The MnCORM-induced apoptosis was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically superoxide radicals leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was elucidated based on the expression studies of pro-apoptotic and apoptotic proteins such as bcl-2, bax, cyt c, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP. Due to its innate potential to release CO upon photoactivation and its ability to induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway, the MnCORM molecule could be exploited for controlled release and photodynamic cancer therapy.
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32
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Costimulation of Murine Osteoblasts with Interferon- γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of Bcl-2 and Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3979606. [PMID: 30158833 PMCID: PMC6109523 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3979606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During chronic inflammation from diseases, such as periodontal disease, the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) alter bone remodeling. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we investigated the effect of IFNγ and TNFα on the proliferation and survival of clonal MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts. We found that although IFNγ or TNFα alone affected cell growth and survival only marginally, costimulation with both synergistically inhibited cell growth and reduced cell viability. The diminished cell viability was due to apoptosis, as indicated by increased TUNEL staining and elevated caspase 3, 8, and 9 activities. Western blot also showed that costimulation with IFNγ and TNFα elicited cytochrome c release and downregulated B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression without affecting Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein expression. Furthermore, stable Bcl-2 overexpression significantly alleviated cell death following costimulation. Collectively, these results suggested that IFNγ and TNFα elicited osteoblast apoptosis via cytochrome c release from damaged mitochondria, caspase activation, and Bcl-2 downregulation.
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33
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Han L, Wang YL, Sun YC, Hu ZY, Hu K, Du LB. tert-Butylhydroperoxide induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages via a mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:970-976. [PMID: 30310674 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage apoptosis occurs throughout all stages of atherosclerosis, mainly induced by oxidized low density lipoproteins (Ox LDLs), leading to the formation of necrotic cores. Nevertheless, the mechanism of macrophage apoptosis induced by Ox LDLs is not yet clearly understood. In this study, a model of RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to an Ox LDL analogue, i.e. tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), was established. We thoroughly evaluated the viability and apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells treated with t-BHP at different time intervals. t-BHP treatment decreases the viability of RAW264.7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (IC50: 400 μM) and also induces a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the activation of Bid, up-regulation of Bcl-2, and down-regulation of Bax, as well as the proteolysis of pro-caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP, were all also observed in t-BHP treated RAW264.7 cells. Finally, we concluded that t-BHP induces the apoptosis of macrophages via a mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , PR China .
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , PR China .
| | - Yan-Chi Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , PR China .
| | - Zi-Yuan Hu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , PR China .
| | - Kun Hu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics , Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , PR China .
| | - Li-Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Center for Molecular Science , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
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34
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Matsumoto S, Murozono M, Kanazawa M, Nara T, Ozawa T, Watanabe Y. Edaravone and cyclosporine A as neuroprotective agents for acute ischemic stroke. Acute Med Surg 2018; 5:213-221. [PMID: 29988669 PMCID: PMC6028804 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and subsequent reperfusion produce lethal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuronal cells, which are generated in mitochondria. Mitochondrial ROS production is a self-amplifying process, termed "ROS-induced ROS release". Furthermore, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is deeply involved in this process, and its opening could cause cell death. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, is the only neuroprotective agent for AIS used in Japan. It captures and reduces excessive ROS, preventing brain damage. Cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent, is a potential neuroprotective agent for AIS. It has been investigated that CsA prevents cellular death by suppressing MPTP opening. In this report, we will outline the actions of edaravone and CsA as neuroprotective agents in AIS, focusing on their relationship with ROS and MPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Matsumoto
- Department of AnesthesiologySUBARU Health Insurance Association Ota Memorial HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Michihiro Murozono
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbarakiJapan
| | - Masahiro Kanazawa
- Department of AnesthesiologySUBARU Health Insurance Association Ota Memorial HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Department of AnesthesiologySUBARU Health Insurance Association Ota Memorial HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Takuro Ozawa
- Department of AnesthesiologySUBARU Health Insurance Association Ota Memorial HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- General Health Medical CenterYokohama University of PharmacyKanagawaJapan
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Yamamoto T, Tsunoda M, Ozono M, Watanabe A, Kotake K, Hiroshima Y, Yamada A, Terada H, Shinohara Y. Polyethyleneimine renders mitochondrial membranes permeable by interacting with negatively charged phospholipids in them. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 652:9-17. [PMID: 29886045 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimines (PEIs) are used for transfection of cells with nucleic acids. Meanwhile, the interaction of PEI with mitochondria causes cytochrome c release prior to apoptosis; the mechanisms how PEI causes this permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes and the release of cytochrome c remain unclear. To clarify these mechanisms, we examined the effects of branched-type PEI and linear-type PEI, each of which was 25 kDa in size, on mitochondria. The permeabilization potency of mitochondrial membranes by branched PEI was stronger than that by linear PEI. The permeabilization by PEIs were insensitive to permeability-transition inhibitors, indicating that PEI-induced permeabilization was not attributed to permeability transition. Meanwhile, PEIs caused permeabilization of artificial lipid vesicles; again, the permeabilization potency of branched PEI was stronger than that of linear PEI. Such a difference in this potency was close to that in the case of isolated mitochondria, signifying that the PEI-induced permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes could be attributed to PEI's interaction with the phospholipid phase. Furthermore, this PEI-induced permeabilization of the lipid vesicles was observed only in the case of lipid vesicles including negatively charged phospholipids. These results indicate that PEIs interacted with negatively charged phospholipids in the mitochondrial membranes to directly lead to their permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Moe Tsunoda
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Mizune Ozono
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kotake
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- School of Dentistry, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terada
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Wiehe RS, Gole B, Chatre L, Walther P, Calzia E, Ricchetti M, Wiesmüller L. Endonuclease G promotes mitochondrial genome cleavage and replication. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18309-18326. [PMID: 29719607 PMCID: PMC5915074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endonuclease G (EndoG) is a nuclear-encoded endonuclease, mostly localised in mitochondria. In the nucleus EndoG participates in site-specific cleavage during replication stress and genome-wide DNA degradation during apoptosis. However, the impact of EndoG on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) metabolism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether EndoG is involved in the regulation of mtDNA replication and removal of aberrant copies. We applied the single-cell mitochondrial Transcription and Replication Imaging Protocol (mTRIP) and PCR-based strategies on human cells after knockdown/knockout and re-expression of EndoG. Our analysis revealed that EndoG stimulates both mtDNA replication initiation and mtDNA depletion, the two events being interlinked and dependent on EndoG's nuclease activity. Stimulation of mtDNA replication by EndoG was independent of 7S DNA processing at the replication origin. Importantly, both mtDNA-directed activities of EndoG were promoted by oxidative stress. Inhibition of base excision repair (BER) that repairs oxidative stress-induced DNA damage unveiled a pronounced effect of EndoG on mtDNA removal, reminiscent of recently discovered links between EndoG and BER in the nucleus. Altogether with the downstream effects on mitochondrial transcription, protein expression, redox status and morphology, this study demonstrates that removal of damaged mtDNA by EndoG and compensatory replication play a critical role in mitochondria homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Gole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
- Present address: Centre for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, SI-2000, Slovenia
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Unit of Stem Cells and Development, CNRS UMR 3738, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Unit of Stem Cells and Development, CNRS UMR 3738, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
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Ricciardi MR, Mirabilii S, Licchetta R, Piedimonte M, Tafuri A. Targeting the Akt, GSK-3, Bcl-2 axis in acute myeloid leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 65:36-58. [PMID: 28549531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, there has been significant progress in the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). However, despite important advances in elucidating molecular mechanisms, the treatment of AML has not improved significantly, remaining anchored at the standard chemotherapy regimen "3 + 7", with the prognosis of patients remaining severe, especially for the elderly and for those not eligible for transplant procedures. The biological and clinical heterogeneity of AML represents the major obstacle that hinders the improvement of prognosis and the identification of new effective therapeutic approaches. To date, abundant information has been collected on the genetic and molecular alterations of AML carrying prognostic significance. However, not enough is known on how AML progenitors regulate proliferation and survival by redundant and cross-talking signal transduction pathways (STP). Furthermore, it remains unclear how such complicated network affects prognosis and therapeutic treatment options, although many of these molecular determinants are potentially attractive for their druggable characteristics. In this review, some of the key STP frequently deregulated in AML, such as PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, GSK3 and components of Bcl-2 family of proteins, are summarized, highlighting in addition their interplay. Based on this information, we reviewed new targeted therapeutic approaches, focusing on the aberrant networks that sustain the AML blast proliferation, survival and drug resistance, aiming to improve disease treatment. Finally, we reported the approaches aimed at disrupting key signaling cross-talk overcoming resistances based on the combination of different targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Licchetta
- Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Piedimonte
- Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Mirzaei MR, Mahmoodi M, Hassanshahi G, Ahmadi Z. Down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes in tumor cell lines is facilitated by suppression of OCT4B1. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:97-102. [PMID: 28235715 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The OCT4B1 as a variant of OCT4 is expressed in both cancer cells and tissues. The anti-apoptotic property of this variant aid cancer cells to escape from apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of OCT4B1 suppression on regulation of 25 genes involved in anti-apoptotic pathway in tumor cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma), 5637 (bladder tumor) and U-87MG (brain tumor) cells were transfected with specific OCT4B1 siRNA and a scramble siRNA by siRNA silencing gene technology, using Lipofectamine 2000 commercial kit. The real-time PCR technique was employed to examine and calculate fold changes of evaluated genes using the 2-ΔΔCT formula. RESULTS Present results demonstrated that 22 (88%) of interested genes were similarly down-regulated in all three examined cell lines. Our results also indicated that three genes (CASP2, IGF1R,TNF) were up-regulated. The CFLAR gene was down-regulated in AGS, while it was inversely up-regulated in 5637 and U87MG cells. CONCLUSIONS It may possibly be concluded that suppression of OCT4B1 can lead to apoptosis in tumor cell lines and this is at least facilitated via down-regulation of examined anti-apoptotic genes. Accordingly, suppression of OCT4B1 may probably be considered as useful tool in cancer therapy and research.
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Victoria-Acosta G, Martínez-Archundia M, Moreno-Vargas L, Meléndez-Zajgla J, Martínez-Ruiz GU. Is there something else besides the proapoptotic AVPI-segment in the Smac/DIABLO protein? BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2016; 73:365-371. [PMID: 29421280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, apoptosis is the main mechanism to eliminate unwanted cells, securing tissue homeostasis and consequently maintaining the health in the organism. Classically, apoptosis culminates with the activation of caspases, which are enzymes that display cysteine protease activity to degrade specific substrates implied in essential cellular processes. This process is highly regulated. A key regulation mechanism is mediated by the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) family members, which inhibit the activated forms of caspases through physical interaction with them. Smac/DIABLO, a mitochondrial protein that is translocated to the cytoplasm in apoptotic conditions, derepresses the IAP-mediated caspase inhibition through physical interaction with IAPs. The first four amino acids (AVPI) of Smac/DIABLO mediate the interaction with IAPs and subsequent apoptosis induction. This interaction has lead to the creation of small molecules mimicking the AVPI segment for potential anticancer therapy. Nevertheless, several studies have pointed out the existence of AVPI-independent functions of Smac/DIABLO. The aim of this review was to provide a landscape of these underestimated AVPI-independent biological functions that have been observed using different approaches, such as the study of endogenous splice variant isoforms and truncated and mutated artificial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Victoria-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marlet Martínez-Archundia
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Diseño de Fármacos y Bioinformática, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Moreno-Vargas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Meléndez-Zajgla
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ulises Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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A novel upconversion@polydopamine core@shell nanoparticle based aptameric biosensor for biosensing and imaging of cytochrome c inside living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:638-645. [PMID: 27619527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel upconversion@polydopamine core@shell nanoparticle (termed as UCNP@PDA NP) -based aptameric biosensor has been fabricated for the quantitative analysis of cytochrome c (Cyt c) inside living cells, which comprises an UCNP@PDA NP, acting as an internal reference and fluorescence quenching agent, and Cy3 modified aptamer enabling ratiometric quantitative Cyt c measurement. After the hybridization of Cy3 labeled aptamer with amino-terminated single DNA on the UCNP@PDA NP surface (termed as UCNP@PDA@AP), the fluorescence of Cy3 can be efficiently quenched by the PDA shell. With the spontaneous cellular uptake of UCNP@PDA@AP, the Cyt c aptamer dissociates from UCNP@PDA NP surface through formation of aptamer-Cyt c complex, resulting in concomitant activation of the Cy3 fluorescence. High amount of Cyt c leads to high fluorescence emission, enabling direct visualization/measurement of the Cyt c by fluorescence microscopy/spectroscopy. The steady upconversion luminescent (UCL) signals can be employed not only for intracellular imaging, but also as an internal reference for evaluating intracellular Cyt c amount using the ratio of fluorescence intensity of Cy3 with the UCL intensity of UCNP. The UCNP@PDA@AP shows a reasonable detection limit (20nM) and large dynamic range (50nM to 10μM, which covers the literature reported values (1-10μM) for cytosolic Cyt c in apoptotic cells) for detecting Cyt c in buffer with excellent selectivity. In addition, the UCNP@PDA@AP has been successfully used to monitor etoposide induced intracellular releasing of Cyt c, providing the possibility for cell-based screening of apoptosis-inducing drugs.
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Lebein, a Snake Venom Disintegrin, Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070206. [PMID: 27399772 PMCID: PMC4963839 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most threatening form of skin cancer, has a very poor prognosis and is characterized by its very invasive and chemoresistant properties. Despite the recent promising news from the field of immunotherapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches that are free of resistance mechanisms and side effects. Anti-neoplasic properties have been highlighted for different disintegrins from snake venom including Lebein; however, the exact effect of Lebein on melanoma has not yet been defined. In this study, we showed that Lebein blocks melanoma cell proliferation and induces a more differentiated phenotype with inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) overexpression. Melanoma cells became detached but were less invasive with upregulation of E-cadherin after Lebein exposure. Lebein induced a caspase-independent apoptotic program with apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Bim overexpression together with downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). It generated a distinct response in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p53 levels depending on the p53 cell line status (wild type or mutant). Therefore, we propose Lebein as a new candidate for development of potential therapies for melanoma.
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Authier F, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Lorin S, Frénoy JP, Desbuquois B. Fate and action of ricin in rat liverin vivo: translocation of endocytosed ricin into cytosol and induction of intrinsic apoptosis by ricin B-chain. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1800-1814. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Authier
- Service information scientifique et technique (IST) de l'Inserm; Paris France
| | | | - Séverine Lorin
- Inserm UMR-S-1193; Université Paris-Saclay; 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Jean-Pierre Frénoy
- CNRS UMR 8601, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères; Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
| | - Bernard Desbuquois
- Inserm U 1016 and CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin; Paris France
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Lee EF, Grabow S, Chappaz S, Dewson G, Hockings C, Kluck RM, Debrincat MA, Gray DH, Witkowski MT, Evangelista M, Pettikiriarachchi A, Bouillet P, Lane RM, Czabotar PE, Colman PM, Smith BJ, Kile BT, Fairlie WD. Physiological restraint of Bak by Bcl-xL is essential for cell survival. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1240-50. [PMID: 27198225 PMCID: PMC4888843 DOI: 10.1101/gad.279414.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lee et al. describe a mutation in mouse and human Bak that specifically disrupts its interaction with the prosurvival protein Bcl-xL. In vivo, loss of Bcl-xL binding to Bak led to significant defects in T-cell and blood platelet survival. Due to the myriad interactions between prosurvival and proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, establishing the mechanisms that regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway has proven challenging. Mechanistic insights have primarily been gleaned from in vitro studies because genetic approaches in mammals that produce unambiguous data are difficult to design. Here we describe a mutation in mouse and human Bak that specifically disrupts its interaction with the prosurvival protein Bcl-xL. Substitution of Glu75 in mBak (hBAK Q77) for leucine does not affect the three-dimensional structure of Bak or killing activity but reduces its affinity for Bcl-xL via loss of a single hydrogen bond. Using this mutant, we investigated the requirement for physical restraint of Bak by Bcl-xL in apoptotic regulation. In vitro, BakQ75L cells were significantly more sensitive to various apoptotic stimuli. In vivo, loss of Bcl-xL binding to Bak led to significant defects in T-cell and blood platelet survival. Thus, we provide the first definitive in vivo evidence that prosurvival proteins maintain cellular viability by interacting with and inhibiting Bak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinna F Lee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephane Chappaz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Colin Hockings
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marlyse A Debrincat
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel H Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marco Evangelista
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Anne Pettikiriarachchi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rachael M Lane
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter M Colman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
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Wang H, Liu J, Gao G, Wu X, Wang X, Yang H. Protection effect of piperine and piperlonguminine from Piper longum L. alkaloids against rotenone-induced neuronal injury. Brain Res 2016; 1639:214-27. [PMID: 26232071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently available treatment approaches for Parkinson׳s disease (PD) are limited in terms of variety and efficacy. Piper longum L. (PLL; Piperaceae) is used in traditional medicine in Asia and the Pacific Islands, with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in preclinical studies, and alkaloid extracts of PLL have shown protective effects in PD models. The present study investigated the mechanistic basis for the observed protective effects of PLL. Rats treated with PLL-derived alkaloids showed improvement in rotenone-induced motor deficits, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was decreased, mitochondrial membrane potential was stabilized, and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)-which is involved in ROS production-was inhibited. In addition, rotenone-induced apoptosis was abrogated in the presence of these alkaloids, while a pretreatment stimulated autophagy, likely mitigating neuronal injury by the removal of damaged mitochondria. These findings provide novel insight into the neuroprotective function of PLL as well as evidence in favor of its use in PD treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Center of Parkinson׳s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center of Parkinson׳s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Center of Parkinson׳s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Center of Parkinson׳s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Center of Parkinson׳s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Center of Parkinson׳s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Mishra S, Mishra R. Biochemical and molecular characterization of mitochondrial membrane-bound arginase in Heteropneustes fossilis. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:359-69. [PMID: 26922180 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The two predominant forms of arginase, cytosolic Arginase-I and mitochondrial Arginase-II, catalyze hydrolysis of arginine into ornithine and urea. Based on presence of arginase activity in extracts using potassium chloride (KCl), mitochondrial membrane-bound arginase has also been suggested. However, the activity of arginase in fractions obtained after KCl-treatment may be either due to leakage of mitochondrial arginase or release of adhered cytosolic arginase to cell organelles having altered net charge. Therefore, it has been intended to analyse impact of KCl on ultra-structural properties of mitochondria, and biochemical analysis of mitochondrial membrane-bound proteins and arginase of Heteropneustes fossilis. Liver of H. fossilis was used for isolating mitochondria for analysis of ultrastructural properties, preparing cytosolic, mitochondrial, and mitochondrial-membrane bound extracts after treatment of KCl. Extracts were analysed for arginase activity assay, protein profiling through SDS-PAGE and MALDI MS/MS. The KCl-mediated modulation in polypeptides and arginase were also evaluated by PANTHER, MitoProt and IPSORT servers. The effects of KCl on ultra-structural integrity of mitochondria, activity of arginase, modulation on mitochondrial proteins and enzymes including arginase were observed. The 48 kDa polypeptide of mitochondrial fraction, that showed KCl-dependent alteration matched with Myb binding protein and 30 kDa bands resembles to arginase after MALDI MS/MS analysis. Results indicate KCl-dependent ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and release of mitochondrial arginase. The proposed membrane bound mitochondrial arginase could be mitochondrial arginase-II or altered form of cytosolic arginase-I contributing to KCl-induced arginase activity in H. fossilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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46
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Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Multiple faces of dynamin-related protein 1 and its role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:814-828. [PMID: 26708942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a large role in neuronal function by constantly providing energy, particularly at synapses. Recent studies suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau interact with the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), causing excessive fragmentation of mitochondria and leading to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. Recent research also revealed Aβ-induced and phosphorylated tau-induced changes in mitochondria, particularly affecting mitochondrial shape, size, distribution and axonal transport in AD neurons. These changes affect mitochondrial health and, in turn, could affect synaptic function and neuronal damage and ultimately leading to memory loss and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. This article highlights recent findings in the role of Drp1 in AD pathogenesis. This article also highlights Drp1 and its relationships to glycogen synthase kinase 3, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, p53, and microRNAs in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ste. E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
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Molecular Integrity of Mitochondria Alters by Potassium Chloride. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2015; 2015:647408. [PMID: 26783459 PMCID: PMC4689972 DOI: 10.1155/2015/647408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Potassium chloride (KCl) has been commonly used in homogenization buffer and procedures of protein extraction. It is known to facilitate release of membrane-associated molecules but the higher concentration of KCl may affect the integrity of mitochondria by breaching the electrostatic force between the lipids and proteins. Therefore, it has been intended to explore the effect of KCl on mitochondrial proteome. The mitochondria were isolated from the mice liver and sub-fractionated into mitochondrial matrix and outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. The fractions were analysed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and 2D-PAGE. The analysis of ultrastructure and protein profiles by MALDI-MS and data-mining reveals KCl-associated alterations in the integrity of mitochondria and its proteome. The mitochondrial membrane, cristae, and the matrix proteins appear altered under the influence of KCl.
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48
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Yeo JHC, Skinner JPJ, Bird MJ, Formosa LE, Zhang JG, Kluck RM, Belz GT, Chong MMW. A Role for the Mitochondrial Protein Mrpl44 in Maintaining OXPHOS Capacity. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26221731 PMCID: PMC4519308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified Mrpl44 in a search for mammalian proteins that contain RNase III domains. This protein was previously found in association with the mitochondrial ribosome of bovine liver extracts. However, the precise Mrpl44 localization had been unclear. Here, we show by immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation that Mrpl44 is localized to the matrix of the mitochondria. We found that it can form multimers, and confirm that it is part of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. By manipulating its expression, we show that Mrpl44 may be important for regulating the expression of mtDNA-encoded genes. This was at the level of RNA expression and protein translation. This ultimately impacted ATP synthesis capability and respiratory capacity of cells. These findings indicate that Mrpl44 plays an important role in the regulation of the mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet H C Yeo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew J Bird
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark M W Chong
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
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49
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Zhdanov DD, Fahmi T, Wang X, Apostolov EO, Sokolov NN, Javadov S, Basnakian AG. Regulation of Apoptotic Endonucleases by EndoG. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:316-26. [PMID: 25849439 PMCID: PMC4426297 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells contain several apoptotic endonucleases, which appear to act simultaneously before and after cell death by destroying the host cell DNA. It is largely unknown how the endonucleases are being induced and whether they can regulate each other. This study was performed to determine whether apoptotic mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) can regulate expression of other apoptotic endonucleases. The study showed that overexpression of mature EndoG in kidney tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells can increase expression of caspase-activated DNase (CAD) and four endonucleases that belong to DNase I group including DNase I, DNase X, DNase IL2, and DNase γ, but not endonucleases of the DNase 2 group. The induction of DNase I-type endonucleases was associated with DNA degradation in promoter/exon 1 regions of the endonuclease genes. These results together with findings on colocalization of immunostained endonucleases and TUNEL suggest that DNA fragmentation after EndoG overexpression was caused by DNase I endonucleases and CAD in addition to EndoG itself. Overall, these data provide first evidence for the existence of the integral network of apoptotic endonucleases regulated by EndoG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tariq Fahmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Eugene O. Apostolov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nikolai N. Sokolov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Alexei G. Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Renal Medicine Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
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50
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Hockings C, Anwari K, Ninnis RL, Brouwer J, O'Hely M, Evangelista M, Hinds MG, Czabotar PE, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, Dewson G, Kluck RM. Bid chimeras indicate that most BH3-only proteins can directly activate Bak and Bax, and show no preference for Bak versus Bax. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1735. [PMID: 25906158 PMCID: PMC4650538 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is initiated by Bcl-2 homology region 3 (BH3)-only members of the Bcl-2 protein family. On upregulation or activation, certain BH3-only proteins can directly bind and activate Bak and Bax to induce conformation change, oligomerization and pore formation in mitochondria. BH3-only proteins, with the exception of Bid, are intrinsically disordered and therefore, functional studies often utilize peptides based on just their BH3 domains. However, these reagents do not possess the hydrophobic membrane targeting domains found on the native BH3-only molecule. To generate each BH3-only protein as a recombinant protein that could efficiently target mitochondria, we developed recombinant Bid chimeras in which the BH3 domain was replaced with that of other BH3-only proteins (Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bad, Bmf, Bik and Hrk). The chimeras were stable following purification, and each immunoprecipitated with full-length Bcl-xL according to the specificity reported for the related BH3 peptide. When tested for activation of Bak and Bax in mitochondrial permeabilization assays, Bid chimeras were ~1000-fold more effective than the related BH3 peptides. BH3 sequences from Bid and Bim were the strongest activators, followed by Puma, Hrk, Bmf and Bik, while Bad and Noxa were not activators. Notably, chimeras and peptides showed no apparent preference for activating Bak or Bax. In addition, within the BH3 domain, the h0 position recently found to be important for Bax activation, was important also for Bak activation. Together, our data with full-length proteins indicate that most BH3-only proteins can directly activate both Bak and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hockings
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - K Anwari
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - R L Ninnis
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J Brouwer
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M O'Hely
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M Evangelista
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M G Hinds
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - P E Czabotar
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - E F Lee
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - W D Fairlie
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Dewson
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - R M Kluck
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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