1
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Mamatis JE, Gallardo-Flores CE, Sangwan U, Tooley TH, Walsh T, Colpitts CC. Induction of antiviral gene expression by cyclosporine A, but not inhibition of cyclophilin A or B, contributes to its restriction of human coronavirus 229E infection in a lung epithelial cell line. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105730. [PMID: 37805057 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of antivirals with an extended spectrum of activity is an attractive possibility to protect against future emerging coronaviruses (CoVs). Cyclosporine A (CsA), a clinically approved immunosuppressive drug, has established antiviral activity against diverse unrelated viruses, including several CoVs. However, its antiviral mechanisms of action against CoV infection have remained elusive, precluding the rational design of non-immunosuppressive derivatives with improved antiviral activities. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms of CsA against HCoV-229E infection in a human lung epithelial cell line. We demonstrate that the antiviral activity of CsA against HCoV-229E is independent of classical CsA target proteins, cyclophilin A or B, which are not required host factors for HCoV-229E in A549 cells. Instead, CsA treatment induces expression of antiviral genes in a manner dependent on interferon regulatory factor 1, but independent of classical interferon responses, which contributes to its inhibitory effect against HCoV-229E infection. Our results also point to a role for the HCoV-229E nucleoprotein in antagonizing activation of type I interferon, but we show that CsA treatment does not affect evasion of innate immune signalling pathways by HCoV-229E. Overall, our findings further the understanding of the antiviral mechanisms of CsA against CoV infection and highlight a novel immunomodulatory strategy to inhibit CoV infection that may inform future drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Mamatis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Carla E Gallardo-Flores
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ujjwal Sangwan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Trinity H Tooley
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Taylor Walsh
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Che C Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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2
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The role of cyclophilins in viral infec and the immune response. J Infect 2022; 85:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Mamatis JE, Pellizzari-Delano IE, Gallardo-Flores CE, Colpitts CC. Emerging Roles of Cyclophilin A in Regulating Viral Cloaking. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828078. [PMID: 35242122 PMCID: PMC8886124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cyclophilins (Cyps) such as cyclophilin A (CypA) have emerged as key players at the virus-host interface. As host factors required for the replication of many unrelated viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and coronaviruses (CoVs), Cyps are attractive targets for antiviral therapy. However, a clear understanding of how these viruses exploit Cyps to promote their replication has yet to be elucidated. Recent findings suggest that CypA contributes to cloaking of viral replication intermediates, an evasion strategy that prevents detection of viral nucleic acid by innate immune sensors. Furthermore, Cyps are emerging to have roles in regulation of cellular antiviral signaling pathways. Recruitment of Cyps by viral proteins may interfere with their ability to regulate these signaling factors. Consistent with disruption of viral cloaking and innate immune evasion, treatment with Cyp inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) restores antiviral innate immunity and induces expression of a subset of antiviral genes that restrict viral infection, which may help to explain the broad antiviral spectrum of CsA. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of CypA in viral cloaking and evasion of innate immunity, focusing on the underlying mechanisms and new perspectives for antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Mamatis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Isabella E Pellizzari-Delano
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Carla E Gallardo-Flores
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Che C Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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4
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Liang L, Lin R, Xie Y, Lin H, Shao F, Rui W, Chen H. The Role of Cyclophilins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2548-2560. [PMID: 34326693 PMCID: PMC8315013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) is a kind of ubiquitous protein family in organisms, which has biological functions such as promoting intracellular protein folding and participating in the pathological processes of inflammation and tumor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common intestinal diseases, but the etiology and pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear. IBD and CRC are closely associated, IBD has always been considered as one of the main risks of CRC. However, the role of Cyps in these two related intestinal diseases is rarely studied and reported. In this review, the expression of CypA, CypB and CypD in IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), and CRC, their relationship with the development of these two intestinal diseases, as well as the possible pathogenesis, were briefly summarized, so as to provide modest reference for clinical researches and treatments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rongxiao Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
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5
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Xin W, Zhao C, Jiang L, Pei D, Zhao L, Zhang C. Identification of a Novel Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Predicting Survival in Patients With HNSCC. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:585192. [PMID: 34257533 PMCID: PMC8262154 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.585192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There have been many reports suggesting that biomarkers explored via database mining plays a critical role in predicting HNSCC prognosis. However, a single biomarker for prognostic analysis is not adequate. Additionally, there is growing evidence indicating that gene signature could be a better choice for HNSCC prognosis. We performed a comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression profiles using clinical information of HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed, and we found that a set of genes involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributed to HNSCC. Cox proportional regression model was used to identify a four-gene (WIPF1, PPIB, BASP1, PLOD2) signature that were significantly associated with overall survival (OS), and all the four genes were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues. We successfully classified the patients with HNSCC into high-risk and low-risk groups, where in high-risk indicated poorer patient prognosis, indicating that this gene signature might be a novel potential biomarker for the prognosis of HNSCC. The prognostic ability of the gene signature was further validated in an independent cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In conclusion, we identified a four-EMT-based gene signature which provides the potentiality to serve as novel independent biomarkers for predicting survival in HNSCC patients, as well as a new possibility for individualized treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoran Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Pei
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengpu Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Xiong Y, Zheng X, Ke W, Gong G, Wang Y, Dan C, Huang P, Wu J, Guo W, Mei J. Function and association analysis of Cyclophilin A gene with resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri in yellow catfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103783. [PMID: 32735962 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri (E. ictaluri) is one of the main bacterial pathogens in catfish which has caused serious economic loss to yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in China. In our previous work, we demonstrated that CypA was up-regulated at the early stage of E. ictaluri infection in yellow catfish and displayed strong chemotactic activity for leukocytes in vitro. However, the effect of CypA on E. ictaluri is unknown in vivo. Therefore, two homozygous transgenic zebrafish lines expressing yellow catfish CypA (TG-CypA-1 and TG-CypA-2) were generated. After challenged with E. ictaluri at a dose of 1.0 × 104 CFU per adult fish, both two transgenic lines exhibited a higher resistance to bacterial infection than the wildtype zebrafish. Herein, CypA gene in E. ictaluri-challenged yellow catfish was screened for presence of polymorphisms by sequencing and six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. SNP association analysis revealed that 528T/C SNP in the first intron was significantly different in disease-susceptible and -resistant groups, which was confirmed in two independent populations of yellow catfish. Moreover, the relative expression of CypA in the resistant group (CC genotype in 528T/C SNP) was significantly higher than that in the susceptible group (TT genotype in 528T/C SNP) in different immune organs of yellow catfish including spleen, head kidney, body kidney and liver. Our results reveal the potential function of CypA in host defense to bacterial infection and suggest the SNP marker in CypA gene associated with the resistance to E. ictaluri may facilitate the selective breeding of disease-resistant yellow catfish in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wensi Ke
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaorui Gong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peipei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiankai Wu
- Kangyu Fisheries Technology Co. Ltd. of Sheyang County, Sheyang, 224300, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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7
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Singh H, Kaur K, Singh M, Kaur G, Singh P. Plant Cyclophilins: Multifaceted Proteins With Versatile Roles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:585212. [PMID: 33193535 PMCID: PMC7641896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.585212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins constitute a family of ubiquitous proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug. Several of these proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a proline residue, essential for correct folding of the proteins. Compared to prokaryotes and other eukaryotes studied until now, the cyclophilin gene families in plants exhibit considerable expansion. With few exceptions, the role of the majority of these proteins in plants is still a matter of conjecture. However, recent studies suggest that cyclophilins are highly versatile proteins with multiple functionalities, and regulate a plethora of growth and development processes in plants, ranging from hormone signaling to the stress response. The present review discusses the implications of cyclophilins in different facets of cellular processes, particularly in the context of plants, and provides a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins fine-tune the diverse physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mangaljeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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8
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Colpitts CC, Ridewood S, Schneiderman B, Warne J, Tabata K, Ng CF, Bartenschlager R, Selwood DL, Towers GJ. Hepatitis C virus exploits cyclophilin A to evade PKR. eLife 2020; 9:e52237. [PMID: 32539931 PMCID: PMC7297535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Counteracting innate immunity is essential for successful viral replication. Host cyclophilins (Cyps) have been implicated in viral evasion of host antiviral responses, although the mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-opts the host protein CypA to aid evasion of antiviral responses dependent on the effector protein kinase R (PKR). Pharmacological inhibition of CypA rescues PKR from antagonism by HCV NS5A, leading to activation of an interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1)-driven cell intrinsic antiviral program that inhibits viral replication. These findings further the understanding of the complexity of Cyp-virus interactions, provide mechanistic insight into the remarkably broad antiviral spectrum of Cyp inhibitors, and uncover novel aspects of PKR activity and regulation. Collectively, our study identifies a novel antiviral mechanism that harnesses cellular antiviral immunity to suppress viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che C Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sophie Ridewood
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany Schneiderman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Justin Warne
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Caitlin F Ng
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg Partner SiteHeidelbergGermany
| | - David L Selwood
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Greg J Towers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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9
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Choi TG, Nguyen MN, Kim J, Jo YH, Jang M, Nguyen NNY, Yun HR, Choe W, Kang I, Ha J, Tang DG, Kim SS. Cyclophilin B induces chemoresistance by degrading wild-type p53 via interaction with MDM2 in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2018; 246:115-126. [PMID: 29876924 DOI: 10.1002/path.5107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chemoresistance is a major problem for effective therapy in CRC. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which peptidylprolyl isomerase B (PPIB; cyclophilin B, CypB) regulates chemoresistance in CRC. We found that CypB is a novel wild-type p53 (p53WT)-inducible gene but a negative regulator of p53WT in response to oxaliplatin treatment. Overexpression of CypB shortens the half-life of p53WT and inhibits oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in CRC cells, whereas knockdown of CypB lengthens the half-life of p53WT and stimulates p53WT-dependent apoptosis. CypB interacts directly with MDM2, and enhances MDM2-dependent p53WT ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, we firmly validated, using bioinformatics analyses, that overexpression of CypB is associated with poor prognosis in CRC progression and chemoresistance. Hence, we suggest a novel mechanism of chemoresistance caused by overexpressed CypB, which may help to develop new anti-cancer drugs. We also propose that CypB may be utilized as a predictive biomarker in CRC patients. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Ngo Yen Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rok Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Watashi K, Shimotohno K. Cyclophilin and Viruses: Cyclophilin as a Cofactor for Viral Infection and Possible Anti-Viral Target. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Watashi
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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DeBoer J, Madson CJ, Belshan M. Cyclophilin B enhances HIV-1 infection. Virology 2016; 489:282-91. [PMID: 26774171 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CypB) is a member of the immunophilin family and intracellular chaperone. It predominantly localizes to the ER, but also contains a nuclear localization signal and is secreted from cells. CypB has been shown to interact with the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1). Several proteomic and genetic studies identified it as a potential factor involved in HIV replication. Herein, we show that over-expression of CypB enhances HIV infection by increasing nuclear import of viral DNA. This enhancement was unaffected by cyclosporine treatment and requires the N-terminus of the protein. The N-terminus contains an ER leader sequence, putative nuclear localization signal, and is required for secretion. Deletion of the N-terminus resulted in mislocalization from the ER and suppression of HIV infection. Passive transfer experiments showed that secreted CypB did not impact HIV infection. Combined, these experiments show that intracellular CypB modulates a pathway of HIV nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason DeBoer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christian J Madson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA; The Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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12
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Bioengineering and semisynthesis of an optimized cyclophilin inhibitor for treatment of chronic viral infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:285-92. [PMID: 25619934 PMCID: PMC4336584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of host-encoded targets, such as the cyclophilins, provides an opportunity to generate potent high barrier to resistance antivirals for the treatment of a broad range of viral diseases. However, many host-targeted agents are natural products, which can be difficult to optimize using synthetic chemistry alone. We describe the orthogonal combination of bioengineering and semisynthetic chemistry to optimize the drug-like properties of sanglifehrin A, a known cyclophilin inhibitor of mixed nonribosomal peptide/polyketide origin, to generate the drug candidate NVP018 (formerly BC556). NVP018 is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV-1 replication, shows minimal inhibition of major drug transporters, and has a high barrier to generation of both HCV and HIV-1 resistance. Optimization and preclinical analysis of a bacterial natural product Combination of bioengineering and semisynthetic chemistry Preclinical analysis revealing potent antiviral activity
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13
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DeBoer J, Jagadish T, Haverland NA, Madson CJ, Ciborowski P, Belshan M. Alterations in the nuclear proteome of HIV-1 infected T-cells. Virology 2014; 468-470:409-420. [PMID: 25240327 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection of a cell involves the appropriation of host factors and the innate defensive response of the cell. The identification of proteins critical for virus replication may lead to the development of novel, cell-based inhibitors. In this study we mapped the changes in T-cell nuclei during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at 20 hpi. Using a stringent data threshold, a total of 13 and 38 unique proteins were identified in infected and uninfected cells, respectively, across all biological replicates. An additional 15 proteins were found to be differentially regulated between infected and control nuclei. STRING analysis identified four clusters of protein-protein interactions in the data set related to nuclear architecture, RNA regulation, cell division, and cell homeostasis. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the differential expression of several proteins in both C8166-45 and Jurkat E6-1 T-cells. These data provide a map of the response in host cell nuclei upon HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason DeBoer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Teena Jagadish
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nicole A Haverland
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christian J Madson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; The Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583, USA
| | - Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; The Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583, USA.
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Peel M, Scribner A. Cyclophilin inhibitors as antiviral agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4485-92. [PMID: 23849880 PMCID: PMC7125669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) are ubiquitous proteins that effect the cis-trans isomerization of Pro amide bonds, and are thus crucial to protein folding. CypA is the most prevalent of the ~19 human Cyps, and plays a crucial role in viral infectivity, most notably for HIV-1 and HCV. Cyclophilins have been shown to play key roles in effective replication of a number of viruses from different families. A drug template for CypA inhibition is cyclosporine A (CsA), a cyclic undecapeptide that simultaneously binds to both CypA and the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CN), and can attenuate immune responses. Synthetic modifications of the CsA scaffold allows for selective binding to CypA and CN separately, thus providing access to novel, non-immunosuppressive antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peel
- SCYNEXIS Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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15
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Peel M, Scribner A. Optimization of Cyclophilin Inhibitors for Use in Antiviral Therapy. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins are members of the Propyl Peptidase Isomerase (PPIase) family of proteins and have recently been found to be required for efficient replication and/or infectivity of several viruses. Cyclosporine A (CsA), the prototypical inhibitor of cyclophilins has shown good activity against several key viruses, including HIV‐1 and HCV, however the immunosuppressive activity of CsA precludes its use as an effective anti‐viral agent. Structural information derived from the ternary complex formed by CsA, cyclophilin A and calcineurin has allowed the design of non‐immunosuppressive derivatives of CsA that retain, and in some cases improve, antiviral activity toward hepatitis C. Chemical modification of CsA has led to compounds with improved pharmacokinetic properties and with reduced drug‐drug interaction potential. Non‐CsA derived inhibitors of cyclophilin A have recently been identified and hold promise as synthetically more tractable leads for cyclophilin‐based discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peel
- SCYNEXIS Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
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16
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Bobardt M, Hopkins S, Baugh J, Chatterji U, Hernandez F, Hiscott J, Sluder A, Lin K, Gallay PA. HCV NS5A and IRF9 compete for CypA binding. J Hepatol 2013; 58:16-23. [PMID: 22902549 PMCID: PMC3527675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cyclophilin A (CypA) is vital for HCV replication. Cyp inhibitors successfully decrease viral loads in HCV-infected patients. However, their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Since interferon (IFN) can also suppress HCV replication, we asked whether a link between CypA and the IFN response exists. METHODS We used cellular and recombinant pulldown approaches to investigate the possibility of a specific association of CypA with host ligands. RESULTS We found for the first time that CypA binds to a major component of the IFN response - the IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9). IRF9 is the DNA-binding component of the transcriptional IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). CypA binds directly to IRF9 via its peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) pocket. Cyp inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) or non-immunosuppressive derivates such as alisporivir and SCY-635, prevent IRF9-CypA complex formation. CypA binds to the C-terminal IRF-association-domain (IAD), but not to the DNA-binding or linker domains of IRF9. Remarkably, CypA associates with the multimeric ISGF3 complex. We also obtained evidence that CypA neutralization enhances IFN-induced transcription. Interestingly, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein, which is known to modulate the IFN response, competes with IRF9 for CypA binding and can prevent the formation of IRF9-CypA complexes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that CypA binds specifically to a component of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, IRF9. This study also reveals a novel opportunity of HCV to modulate the IFN response via NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sam Hopkins
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - James Baugh
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Udayan Chatterji
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Felicia Hernandez
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Ann Sluder
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Kai Lin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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17
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Trivedi DK, Yadav S, Vaid N, Tuteja N. Genome wide analysis of Cyclophilin gene family from rice and Arabidopsis and its comparison with yeast. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1653-66. [PMID: 23073011 PMCID: PMC3578907 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin proteins are the members of immunophillin group of proteins, known for their property of binding to the immune-suppressant drug cyclosporin A, hence named as cyclophilins. These proteins are characterized by the presence of peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) domain which catalyzes the cis-trans isomerisation process of proline residues. In the present study, an in-silico based approach was followed to identify and characterize the cyclophilin family from rice, Arabidopsis and yeast. We were able to identify 28 rice, 35 Arabidopsis and 8 yeast cyclophilin genes from their respective genomes on the basis of their annotation as well as the presence of highly conserved PPIase domain. The evolutionary relationship of the cyclophilin genes from the three genomes was analyzed using the phylogenetic tree. We have also classified the rice cyclophilin genes on the basis of localization of the protein in cell. The structural similarity of the cyclophilins was also analyzed on the basis of their homology model. The expression analysis performed using Genevestigator revealed a very strong stress responsive behavior of the gene family which was more prominent in later stages of stress. The study indicates the importance of the gene family in stress response as well as several developmental stages thus opening up many avenues for future study on the cyclophilin proteins.
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18
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Cyclophilin B expression is associated with in vitro radioresistance and clinical outcome after radiotherapy. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1122-31. [PMID: 22241958 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The tools for predicting clinical outcome after radiotherapy are not yet optimal. To improve on this, we applied the COXEN informatics approach to in vitro radiation sensitivity data of transcriptionally profiled human cells and gene expression data from untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and bladder tumors to generate a multigene predictive model that is independent of histologic findings and reports on tumor radiosensitivity. The predictive ability of this 41-gene model was evaluated in patients with HNSCC and was found to stratify clinical outcome after radiotherapy. In contrast, this model was not useful in stratifying similar patients not treated with radiation. This led us to hypothesize that expression of some of the 41 genes contributes to tumor radioresistance and clinical recurrence. Hence, we evaluated the expression the 41 genes as a function of in vitro radioresistance in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel and found cyclophilin B (PPIB), a peptidylprolyl isomerase and target of cyclosporine A (CsA), had the strongest direct correlation. Functional inhibition of PPIB by small interfering RNA depletion or CsA treatment leads to radiosensitization in cancer cells and reduced cellular DNA repair. Immunohistochemical evaluation of PPIB expression in patients with HNSCC was found to be associated with outcome after radiotherapy. This work demonstrates that a novel 41-gene expression model of radiation sensitivity developed in bladder cancer cell lines and human skin fibroblasts predicts clinical outcome after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients and identifies PPIB as a potential target for clinical radiosensitization.
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19
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Release of overexpressed CypB activates ERK signaling through CD147 binding for hepatoma cell resistance to oxidative stress. Apoptosis 2012; 17:784-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Xu C, Meng S, Liu X, Sun L, Liu W. Chicken cyclophilin A is an inhibitory factor to influenza virus replication. Virol J 2010; 7:372. [PMID: 21192783 PMCID: PMC3022683 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of enhancing influenza resistance in domestic flocks is quite clear both scientifically and economically. Chicken is very susceptible to influenza virus. It has been reported that human cellular cyclophilin A (CypA) impaired influenza virus infection in 293T cells. Whether chicken CypA (chCypA) inhibits influenza virus replication is not known. The molecular mechanism of resistance in chicken to influenza virus remains to be studied. Results The chCypA gene was isolated and characterized in the present study. It contained an ORF of 498 bp encoding a polypeptide of 165 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 17.8 kDa sharing high identity with mammalian CypA genes. The chCypA demonstrated an anti-influenza activity as expected. ChCypA protein was shown to be able to specifically interact with influenza virus M1 protein. Cell susceptibility to influenza virus was reduced by over-expression of chCypA in CEF cells. The production of recombinant influenza virus A/WSN/33 reduced to one third in chCypA expressing cells comparing to chCypA absent cells. ChCypA was widely distributed in a variety of chicken tissues. It localized in cytoplasm of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Avian influenza virus infection induced its translocation from cytoplasm into nucleus. ChCypA expression was not significantly up-regulated by avian influenza virus infection. The present study indicated that chCypA was an inhibitory protein to influenza virus replication, suggesting a role as an intrinsic immunity factor against influenza virus infection. Conclusion The present data demonstrates that chCypA possesses anti-influenza virus activity which allows the consideration of genetic improvement for resistance to influenza virus in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Xu
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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21
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Li C, Ma L, Chen X. Interferon regulatory factor 3-CL, an isoform of IRF3, antagonizes activity of IRF3. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 8:67-74. [PMID: 21200386 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), one member of the IRF family, plays a central role in induction of type I interferon (IFN) and regulation of apoptosis. Controlled activity of IRF3 is essential for its functions. During reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to clone the full-length open reading frame (ORF) of IRF3, we cloned a full-length ORF encoding an isoform of IRF3, termed as IRF3-CL, and has a unique carboxyl-terminus of 125 amino acids. IRF3-CL is ubiquitously expressed in distinct cell lines. Overexpression of IRF3-CL inhibits Sendai virus (SeV)-triggered induction of IFN-β and SeV-induced and inhibitor of NF-κB kinase-ε (IKKε)-mediated nuclear translocation of IRF3. When IKKε is overexpressed, IRF3-CL is associated with IRF3. These results suggest that IRF3-CL, the alternative splicing isoform of IRF-3, may function as a negative regulator of IRF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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22
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Choi JW, Sutor SL, Lindquist L, Evans GL, Madden BJ, Bergen HR, Hefferan TE, Yaszemski MJ, Bram RJ. Severe osteogenesis imperfecta in cyclophilin B-deficient mice. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000750. [PMID: 19997487 PMCID: PMC2777385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a human syndrome characterized by exquisitely fragile bones due to osteoporosis. The majority of autosomal dominant OI cases result from point or splice site mutations in the type I collagen genes, which are thought to lead to aberrant osteoid within developing bones. OI also occurs in humans with homozygous mutations in Prolyl-3-Hydroxylase-1 (LEPRE1). Although P3H1 is known to hydroxylate a single residue (pro-986) in type I collagen chains, it is unclear how this modification acts to facilitate collagen fibril formation. P3H1 exists in a complex with CRTAP and the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin B (CypB), encoded by the Ppib gene. Mutations in CRTAP cause OI in mice and humans, through an unknown mechanism, while the role of CypB in this complex has been a complete mystery. To study the role of mammalian CypB, we generated mice lacking this protein. Early in life, Ppib-/- mice developed kyphosis and severe osteoporosis. Collagen fibrils in Ppib-/- mice had abnormal morphology, further consistent with an OI phenotype. In vitro studies revealed that in CypB–deficient fibroblasts, procollagen did not localize properly to the golgi. We found that levels of P3H1 were substantially reduced in Ppib-/- cells, while CRTAP was unaffected by loss of CypB. Conversely, knockdown of either P3H1 or CRTAP did not affect cellular levels of CypB, but prevented its interaction with collagen in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of CRTAP also caused depletion of cellular P3H1. Consistent with these changes, post translational prolyl-3-hydroxylation of type I collagen by P3H1 was essentially absent in CypB–deficient cells and tissues from CypB–knockout mice. These data provide significant new mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of OI and reveal how the members of the P3H1/CRTAP/CypB complex interact to direct proper formation of collagen and bone. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), also known as “brittle bone disease,” is an inherited condition with multiple defects in collagen-containing structures, including the bones, skin, and other connective tissues. Patients with OI suffer from short stature, scoliosis, thin skin, hearing loss, and, most notably, fragile bones that break with little or no trauma. Although many cases are due to dominantly inherited point mutations in the collagen genes, autosomal recessive forms have been described due to defects in the genes for Prolyl-3-Hydroxylase-1 (LEPRE1) and Cartilage-Associated Protein (CRTAP), proteins that modify newly synthesized procollagen. Some patients with OI do not have mutations in any of the known disease-related genes. Here, through the use of newly generated knockout mice, we identify the endoplasmic-reticulum resident prolyl-isomerase cyclophilin B (CypB) as a new autosomal recessive OI gene in mice. CypB, P3H1, and CRTAP were shown to have interrelated effects in maintaining their respective protein levels and ability to bind to collagen. These studies enhance our understanding about how collagen, the most abundant protein in the body, becomes properly assembled to form bones with adequate strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Choi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shari L. Sutor
- Department of Transplant Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lonn Lindquist
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Glenda L. Evans
- Department of Orthopedics Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Madden
- Mayo Proteomics Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - H. Robert Bergen
- Mayo Proteomics Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Theresa E. Hefferan
- Department of Orthopedics Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Yaszemski
- Department of Orthopedics Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Bram
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Gaither LA, Borawski J, Anderson LJ, Balabanis KA, Devay P, Joberty G, Rau C, Schirle M, Bouwmeester T, Mickanin C, Zhao S, Vickers C, Lee L, Deng G, Baryza J, Fujimoto RA, Lin K, Compton T, Wiedmann B. Multiple cyclophilins involved in different cellular pathways mediate HCV replication. Virology 2009; 397:43-55. [PMID: 19932913 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three cyclophilin inhibitors (DEBIO-025, SCY635, and NIM811) are currently in clinical trials for hepatitis C therapy. The mechanism of action of these, however, is not completely understood. There are at least 16 cyclophilins expressed in human cells which are involved in a diverse set of cellular processes. Large-scale siRNA experiments, chemoproteomic assays with cyclophilin binding compounds, and mRNA profiling of HCV replicon containing cells were used to identify the cyclophilins that are instrumental to HCV replication. The previously reported cyclophilin A was confirmed and additional cyclophilin containing pathways were identified. Together, the experiments provide strong evidence that NIM811 reduces viral replication by inhibition of multiple cyclophilins and pathways with protein trafficking as the most strongly and persistently affected pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alex Gaither
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Bauer K, Kretzschmar AK, Cvijic H, Blumert C, Löffler D, Brocke-Heidrich K, Schiene-Fischer C, Fischer G, Sinz A, Clevenger CV, Horn F. Cyclophilins contribute to Stat3 signaling and survival of multiple myeloma cells. Oncogene 2009; 28:2784-95. [PMID: 19503092 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is the major mediator of interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines. In addition, Stat3 is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of many malignancies. Here, we show that the cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin (Cyp) B specifically interacts with Stat3, whereas the highly related CypA does not. CypB knockdown inhibited the IL-6-induced transactivation potential but not the tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3. Binding of CypB to Stat3 target promoters and alteration of the intranuclear localization of Stat3 on CypB depletion suggested a nuclear function of Stat3/CypB interaction. By contrast, CypA knockdown inhibited Stat3 IL-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The Cyp inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) caused similar effects. However, Stat1 activation in response to IL-6 or interferon-gamma was not affected by Cyp silencing or CsA treatment. As a result, Cyp knockdown shifted IL-6 signaling to a Stat1-dominated pathway. Furthermore, Cyp depletion or treatment with CsA induced apoptosis in IL-6-dependent multiple myeloma cells, whereas an IL-6-independent line was not affected. Thus, Cyps support the anti-apoptotic action of Stat3. Taken together, CypA and CypB both play pivotal roles, yet at different signaling levels, for Stat3 activation and function. These data also suggest a novel mechanism of CsA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the global protein expression (the proteome) in the minor salivary glands from primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients and non-SS controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Minor labial salivary glands were obtained from six pSS patients and from six age-matched non-SS controls, lysed in SDS buffer and pooled into two groups, respectively. The lysates were analysed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Also, the proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometry. RESULTS Heat shock proteins, mucins, carbonic anhydrases, enolase, vimentin and cyclophilin B were among the proteins identified. The differences in the proteomes of minor salivary glands from pSS patients and non-SS controls were mainly related to ribosomal proteins, immunity and stress. Alpha-defensin-1 and calmodulin were among six proteins exclusively identified in pSS patients. CONCLUSION We have identified several minor salivary gland proteins that may have implications for clarifying the SS pathophysiology. This experiment adds to the knowledge of proteins produced in salivary glands in health and disease, and may form the basis of further studies on biomarkers of prognostic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O R Hjelmervik
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Wang F, Marshall CB, Yamamoto K, Li GY, Plevin MJ, You H, Mak TW, Ikura M. Biochemical and Structural Characterization of an Intramolecular Interaction in FOXO3a and Its Binding with p53. J Mol Biol 2008; 384:590-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Secretome of HepG2 cells infected with dengue virus: Implications for pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1607-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Stumpf T, Zhang Q, Hirnet D, Lewandrowski U, Sickmann A, Wissenbach U, Dörr J, Lohr C, Deitmer JW, Fecher-Trost C. The Human TRPV6 Channel Protein Is Associated with Cyclophilin B in Human Placenta. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18086-98. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801821200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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29
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Ushijima R, Matsuyama T, Nagata I, Yamamoto K. Nucleolar targeting of proteins by the tandem array of basic amino acid stretches identified in the RNA polymerase I-associated factor PAF49. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:1017-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Yeh HY, Klesius PH. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, cyclophilin A and B cDNA characterization and expression analysis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 121:370-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Proline is unique in the realm of amino acids in its ability to adopt completely distinct cis and trans conformations, which allows it to act as a backbone switch that is controlled by prolyl cis-trans isomerization. This intrinsically slow interconversion can be catalyzed by the evolutionarily conserved group of peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase enzymes. These enzymes include cyclophilins and FK506-binding proteins, which are well known for their isomerization-independent role as cellular targets for immunosuppressive drugs. The significance of enzyme-catalyzed prolyl cis-trans isomerization as an important regulatory mechanism in human physiology and pathology was not recognized until the discovery of the phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerase Pin1. Recent studies indicate that both phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent prolyl cis-trans isomerization can act as a novel molecular timer to help control the amplitude and duration of a cellular process, and prolyl cis-trans isomerization might be a new target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 1030, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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32
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Bakker WJ, van Dijk TB, Parren-van Amelsvoort M, Kolbus A, Yamamoto K, Steinlein P, Verhaak RGW, Mak TW, Beug H, Löwenberg B, von Lindern M. Differential regulation of Foxo3a target genes in erythropoiesis. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:3839-3854. [PMID: 17353275 PMCID: PMC1900006 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01662-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperation of stem cell factor (SCF) and erythropoietin (Epo) is required to induce renewal divisions in erythroid progenitors, whereas differentiation to mature erythrocytes requires the presence of Epo only. Epo and SCF activate common signaling pathways such as the activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and the subsequent phosphorylation and inactivation of Foxo3a. In contrast, only Epo activates Stat5. Both Foxo3a and Stat5 promote erythroid differentiation. To understand the interplay of SCF and Epo in maintaining the balance between renewal and differentiation during erythroid development, we investigated differential Foxo3a target regulation by Epo and SCF. Expression profiling revealed that a subset of Foxo3a targets was not inhibited but was activated by Epo. One of these genes was Cited2. Transcriptional control of Epo/Foxo3a-induced Cited2 was studied and compared with that of the Epo-repressed Foxo3a target Btg1. We show that in response to Epo, the allegedly growth-inhibitory factor Foxo3a associates with the allegedly growth-stimulatory factor Stat5 in the nucleus, which is required for Epo-induced Cited2 expression. In contrast, Btg1 expression is controlled by the cooperation of Foxo3a with cyclic AMP- and Jun kinase-dependent Creb family members. Thus, Foxo3a not only is an effector of PKB but also integrates distinct signals to regulate gene expression in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walbert J Bakker
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Brzózka K, Pfaller C, Conzelmann KK. Signal transduction in the type I interferon system and viral countermeasures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 7:5-19. [PMID: 32327963 PMCID: PMC7169511 DOI: 10.1002/sita.200600115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) including IFNα/β are cytokines of the immune system with critical functions in innate and adaptive immune response. Secreted IFN acts via JAK/STAT signaling pathways to direct a huge gene expression program, including antiviral, apoptotic, survival and immune genes. Only recently, the molecular patterns and their receptors as well as the connected signaling pathways leading to transcriptional activation of IFN genes have been elucidated. Ubiquitous cytosolic RNA helicases like RIG‐I which sense intracellular triphosphate RNAs and activate the IFN‐controlling transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 seem to play a major role in antiviral defense and immunity. Recognition of extracellular nucleic acids by a subset of Toll‐like receptors in addition contributes to a generalized host IFN response. During co‐evolution with the host, viruses have learned to counteract every piece of the IFN network. Learning from viruses how to target the IFN system may lead us to novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Brzózka
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. -76899
| | - Christian Pfaller
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. -76899
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. -76899
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Honda K, Taniguchi T. IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:644-58. [PMID: 16932750 DOI: 10.1038/nri1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1230] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors was initially found to be involved in the induction of genes that encode type I interferons. IRFs have now been shown to have functionally diverse roles in the regulation of the immune system. Recently, the crucial involvement of IRFs in innate and adaptive immune responses has been gaining much attention, particularly with the discovery of their role in immunoregulation by Toll-like receptors and other pattern-recognition receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Honda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Pemberton TJ, Kay JE. The cyclophilin repertoire of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2005; 22:927-45. [PMID: 16134115 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclophilin repertoire of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is comprised of nine members that are distributed over all three of its chromosomes and range from small single-domain to large multi-domain proteins. Each cyclophilin possesses only a single prolyl-isomerase domain, and these vary in their degree of consensus, including at positions that are likely to affect their drug-binding ability and catalytic activity. The additional identified motifs are involved in putative protein or RNA interactions, while a novel domain that is specific to SpCyp7 and its orthologues may have functions that include an interaction with hnRNPs. The Sz. pombe cyclophilins are found throughout the cell but appear to be absent from the mitochondria, which is unique among the characterized eukaryotic repertoires. SpCyp5, SpCyp6 and SpCyp8 have exhibited significant upregulation of their expression during the meiotic cycle and SpCyp5 has exhibited significant upregulation of its expression during heat stress. All nine have identified members in the repertoires of H. sapiens, D. melanogaster and A. thaliana. However, only three identified members in the cyclophilin repertoire of S. cerevisiae with SpCyp7 identifying a fourth protein that is not a member of the recognized repertoire due to its possession of a degenerate prolyl-isomerase domain. The cyclophilin repertoire of Sz. pombe therefore represents a better model group for the study of cyclophilin function in the higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Pemberton
- The Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9PX, UK.
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Honda K, Yanai H, Takaoka A, Taniguchi T. Regulation of the type I IFN induction: a current view. Int Immunol 2005; 17:1367-78. [PMID: 16214811 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I IFN-alpha/beta gene family was identified about a quarter of a century ago as a prototype of many cytokine gene families, which led to the subsequent burst of studies on molecular mechanisms underlying cytokine gene expression and signaling. Although originally discovered for their activity to confer an antiviral state on cells, more evidence has recently been emerging regarding IFN-alpha/beta actions on cell growth, differentiation and many immunoregulatory activities, which are of even greater fundamental biological significance. Indeed, much attention has recently been focused on the induction and function of the IFN-alpha/beta system regulated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are critical for linking the innate and adaptive immunities. The understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of IFN-alpha/beta gene induction by TLRs and viruses is an emerging theme, for which much new insight has been gained over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Honda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
Cyclophilins (Enzyme Commission (EC) number 5.1.2.8) belong to a group of proteins that have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity; such proteins are collectively known as immunophilins and also include the FK-506-binding proteins and the parvulins. Cyclophilins are found in all cells of all organisms studied, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; humans have a total of 16 cyclophilin proteins, Arabidopsis up to 29 and Saccharomyces 8. The first member of the cyclophilins to be identified in mammals, cyclophilin A, is the major cellular target for, and thus mediates the actions of, the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Cyclophilin A forms a ternary complex with cyclosporin A and the calcium-calmodulin-activated serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase calcineurin; formation of this complex prevents calcineurin from regulating cytokine gene transcription. Recent studies have implicated a diverse array of additional cellular functions for cyclophilins, including roles as chaperones and in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- The Research Institute for Children, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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