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Saini RS, Binduhayyim RIH, Gurumurthy V, Alshadidi AAF, Bavabeedu SS, Vyas R, Dermawan D, Naseef PP, Mosaddad SA, Heboyan A. In silico assessment of biocompatibility and toxicity: molecular docking and dynamics simulation of PMMA-based dental materials for interim prosthetic restorations. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:28. [PMID: 38833196 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to comprehensively assess the biocompatibility and toxicity profiles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and its monomeric unit, methyl methacrylate (MMA), crucial components in dental materials for interim prosthetic restorations. METHODOLOGY Molecular docking was employed to predict the binding affinities, energetics, and steric features of MMA and PMMA with selected receptors involved in bone metabolism and tissue development, including RANKL, Fibronectin, BMP9, NOTCH2, and other related receptors. The HADDOCK standalone version was utilized for docking calculations, employing a Lamarckian genetic algorithm to explore the conformational space of ligand-receptor interactions. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over 100 nanoseconds were conducted using the GROMACS package to evaluate dynamic actions and structural stability. The LigandScout was utilized for pharmacophore modeling, which employs a shape-based screening approach to identify potential ligand binding sites on protein targets. RESULTS The molecular docking studies elucidated promising interactions between PMMA and MMA with key biomolecular targets relevant to dental applications. MD simulation results provided strong evidence supporting the structural stability of PMMA complexes over time. Pharmacophore modeling highlighted the significance of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups as pharmacophoric features, indicating compounds with favorable biocompatibility profiles. CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential of PMMA in dental applications, emphasizing its structural stability, molecular interactions, and safety considerations. These findings lay a foundation for future advancements in dental biomaterials, guiding the design and optimization of materials for enhanced biocompatibility. Future directions include experimental validation of computational findings and the development of PMMA-based dental materials with improved biocompatibility and clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder S Saini
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Shashit Shetty Bavabeedu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Vyas
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doni Dermawan
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Siverino C, Fahmy-Garcia S, Niklaus V, Kops N, Dolcini L, Misciagna MM, Ridwan Y, Farrell E, van Osch GJ, Nickel J. Addition of heparin binding sites strongly increases the bone forming capabilities of BMP9 in vivo. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:241-250. [PMID: 37502679 PMCID: PMC10371762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) like BMP2 and BMP7 have shown great potential in the treatment of severe bone defects. In recent in vitro studies, BMP9 revealed the highest osteogenic potential compared to other BMPs, possibly due to its unique signaling pathways that differs from other osteogenic BMPs. However, in vivo the bone forming capacity of BMP9-adsorbed scaffolds is not superior to BMP2 or BMP7. In silico analysis of the BMP9 protein sequence revealed that BMP9, in contrast to other osteogenic BMPs such as BMP2, completely lacks so-called heparin binding motifs that enable extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions which in general might be essential for the BMPs' osteogenic function. Therefore, we genetically engineered a new BMP9 variant by adding BMP2-derived heparin binding motifs to the N-terminal segment of BMP9's mature part. The resulting protein (BMP9 HB) showed higher heparin binding affinity than BMP2, similar osteogenic activity in vitro and comparable binding affinities to BMPR-II and ALK1 compared to BMP9. However, remarkable differences were observed when BMP9 HB was adsorbed to collagen scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of rats, showing a consistent and significant increase in bone volume and density compared to BMP2 and BMP9. Even at 10-fold lower BMP9 HB doses bone tissue formation was observed. This innovative approach of significantly enhancing the osteogenic properties of BMP9 simply by addition of ECM binding motifs, could constitute a valuable replacement to the commonly used BMPs. The possibility to use lower protein doses demonstrates BMP9 HB's high translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Siverino
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Shorouk Fahmy-Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Niklaus
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Dolcini
- Fin-Ceramica Faenza SpA, Via Granarolo 177/3, 48018, Faenza, Italy
| | | | - Yanto Ridwan
- AMIE Core Facility, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer ISC, Translational Center RT, Wuerzburg, Germany
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3
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial cell SMAD6 balances Alk1 function to regulate adherens junctions and hepatic vascular development. Development 2023; 150:dev201811. [PMID: 37787089 PMCID: PMC10629679 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is crucial to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here, we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo. At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. Mechanistically, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial cell junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a 'Goldilocks' pathway in vascular biology that requires a certain signaling amplitude, regulated by SMAD6, to function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R. Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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Park JH, Koh EB, Seo YJ, Oh HS, Byun JH. BMP-9 Improves the Osteogenic Differentiation Ability over BMP-2 through p53 Signaling In Vitro in Human Periosteum-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15252. [PMID: 37894931 PMCID: PMC10607732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have tremendous therapeutic potential regarding the treatment of bone and musculoskeletal disorders due to their osteo-inductive ability. More than twenty BMPs have been identified in the human body with various functions, such as embryonic development, skeleton genesis, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis. BMPs can induce the differentiation of MSCs into the osteoblast lineage and promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. BMP signaling is also involved in tissue remodeling and regeneration processes to maintain homeostasis in adults. In particular, growth factors, such as BMP-2 and BMP-7, have already been approved and are being used as treatments, but it is unclear as to whether they are the most potent BMPs that induce bone formation. According to recent studies, BMP-9 is known to be the most potent inducer of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, both in vitro and in vivo. However, its exact role in the skeletal system is still unclear. In addition, research results suggest that the molecular mechanism of BMP-9-mediated bone formation is also different from the previously known BMP family, suggesting that research on signaling pathways related to BMP-9-mediated bone formation is actively being conducted. In this study, we performed a phosphorylation array to investigate the signaling mechanism of BMP-9 compared with BMP-2, another influential bone-forming growth factor, and we compared the downstream signaling system. We present a mechanism for the signal transduction of BMP-9, focusing on the previously known pathway and the p53 factor, which is relatively upregulated compared with BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eun-Byeol Koh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seong Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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5
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Schoonraad SA, Jaimes AA, Singh AJX, Croland KJ, Bryant SJ. Osteogenic effects of covalently tethered rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-9 in an MMP-sensitive PEG hydrogel nanocomposite. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:53-67. [PMID: 37634836 PMCID: PMC10831697 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
While bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is one of the most widely studied BMPs in bone tissue engineering, BMP-9 has been purported to be a highly osteogenic BMP. This work investigates the individual osteogenic effects of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 and rhBMP-9, when tethered into a hydrogel, on encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogel nanocomposite, comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked with MMP-sensitive peptides, tethered RGD, and entrapped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was used. The rhBMPs were functionalized with free thiols and then covalently tethered into the hydrogel by a thiol-norbornene photoclick reaction. rhBMP-2 retained its full bioactivity post-thiolation, while the bioactivity of rhBMP-9 was partially reduced. Nonetheless, both rhBMPs were highly effective at enhancing osteogenesis over 12-weeks in a chemically-defined medium. Expression of ID1 and osterix, early markers of osteogenesis; collagen type I, a main component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM); and osteopontin, bone sialoprotein II and dentin matrix protein I, mature osteoblast markers, increased with increasing concentrations of tethered rhBMP-2 or rhBMP-9. When comparing the two BMPs, rhBMP-9 led to more rapid collagen deposition and greater mineralization long-term. In summary, rhBMP-2 retained its bioactivity post-thiolation while rhBMP-9 is more susceptible to thiolation. Despite this shortcoming with rhBMP-9, both rhBMPs when tethered into this hydrogel, enhanced osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to a mature osteoblast phenotype surrounded by a mineralized ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoinductive hydrogels are a promising vehicle to deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration. This study examines the in vitro osteoinductive capabilities when tethered bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are incorporated into a degradable biomimetic hydrogel with cell adhesive ligands, matrix metalloproteinase sensitive crosslinks for cell-mediated degradation, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that BMP-2 is readily thiolated and tethered without loss of bioactivity while bioactivity of BMP-9 is more susceptible to immobilization. Nonetheless, when either BMP2 or BMP9 are tethered into this hydrogel, osteogenesis of human MSCs is enhanced, bone extracellular matrix is deposited, and a mature osteoblast phenotype is achieved. This bone-biomimetic hydrogel is a promising design for stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80309-0613, United States
| | - Alan A Jaimes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Arjun J X Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Kiera J Croland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80309-0613, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States.
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6
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Liu C, Guo H, Shi C, Sun H. BMP signaling in the development and regeneration of tooth roots: from mechanisms to applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1272201. [PMID: 37779895 PMCID: PMC10540449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1272201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Short root anomaly (SRA), along with caries, periodontitis, and trauma, can cause tooth loss, affecting the physical and mental health of patients. Dental implants have become widely utilized for tooth restoration; however, they exhibit certain limitations compared to natural tooth roots. Tissue engineering-mediated root regeneration offers a strategy to sustain a tooth with a physiologically more natural function by regenerating the bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) based on the bionic principle. While the process of tooth root development has been reported in previous studies, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) family is an essential factor regulating cellular activities and is involved in almost all tissue development. Recent studies have focused on exploring the mechanism of BMP signaling in tooth root development by using transgenic animal models and developing better tissue engineering strategies for bio-root regeneration. This article reviews the unique roles of BMP signaling in tooth root development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangwei Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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7
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Alkhathami AG, Abdullah MR, Ahmed M, Hassan Ahmed H, Alwash SW, Muhammed Mahdi Z, Alsaikhan F, Dera AA. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 in cancer development: mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches? J Drug Target 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37461888 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2236330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 is considered a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)β superfamily. It was first found as an inducer of bone and cartilage formation and then discovered that this factor mediates several physiologic functions and hemostasis. Besides physiological conditions, BMP9 has also been elucidated that it is involved in several pathological situations, especially cancer. In various cancers, dysregulation of BMP9 has raised the issue that BMP9 might play a conflicting role in tumour development. BMP9 binding to its receptors (BMPRs), including ALKs and BMPRII, induces canonical SMAD-dependent and non-canonical PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways in tumour cells. BMP9, via inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumour-promoting cell signalling pathways, suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, blocking angiogenesis, and preventing cross-talk in the tumour microenvironment, mainly exerts tumour-suppressive functions. In contrast, BMP9 triggers tumour-supportive signalling pathways, promotes EMT, and enhances angiogenesis, suggesting that BMP9 is also involved in tumour development. It has been demonstrated that modulating BMP9 expression and functions might be a promising approach to cancer treatment. It has also been indicated that evaluating BMP9 expression in cancers might be a biomarker for predicting cancer prognosis. Overall, BMP9 would provide a promising target in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali G Alkhathami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhjaha Ahmed
- Medical Technical college, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq
| | | | - Sarab W Alwash
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq Hillah
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Andersson-Rusch C, Liu B, Quist-Løkken I, Upton PD, Olsen OE, Hella H, Yang X, Tong Z, Morrell NW, Holien T, Li W. High concentrations of soluble endoglin can inhibit BMP9 signaling in non-endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6639. [PMID: 37095146 PMCID: PMC10126157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is a single-pass transmembrane protein highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells, although low expression levels can be detected in many other cell types. Its extracellular domain can be found in circulation known as soluble endoglin (sENG). Levels of sENG are elevated in many pathological conditions, in particular preeclampsia. We have shown that while loss of cell surface ENG decreases BMP9 signaling in endothelial cells, knocking down ENG in blood cancer cells enhances BMP9 signaling. Despite sENG binding to BMP9 with high affinity and blocking the type II receptor binding site on BMP9, sENG did not inhibit BMP9 signaling in vascular endothelial cells, but the dimeric form of sENG inhibited BMP9 signaling in blood cancer cells. Here we report that in non-endothelial cells such as human multiple myeloma cell lines and the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12, both monomeric and dimeric forms of sENG inhibit BMP9 signaling when present at high concentrations. Such inhibition can be alleviated by the overexpression of ENG and ACVRL1 (encoding ALK1) in the non-endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that the effects of sENG on BMP9 signaling is cell-type specific. This is an important consideration when developing therapies targeting the ENG and ALK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Andersson-Rusch
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Ingrid Quist-Løkken
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Oddrun Elise Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Zhen Tong
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
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9
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell SMAD6 Balances ACVRL1/Alk1 Function to Regulate Adherens Junctions and Hepatic Vascular Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.534007. [PMID: 36993438 PMCID: PMC10055411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1/ACVRL1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo . At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. At the mechanistic level, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a "Goldilocks" pathway in vascular biology regulated by SMAD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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10
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Choi H, Kim BG, Kim YH, Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Oh SP. BMP10 functions independently from BMP9 for the development of a proper arteriovenous network. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:167-186. [PMID: 36348215 PMCID: PMC9908740 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic vascular disorder characterized by the presence of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in multiple organs. HHT is caused by mutations in genes encoding major constituents for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signaling: endoglin (ENG), activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), and SMAD4. The identity of physiological ligands for this ENG-ALK1 signaling pertinent to AVM formation has yet to be clearly determined. To investigate whether bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), BMP10, or both are physiological ligands of ENG-ALK1 signaling involved in arteriovenous network formation, we generated a novel Bmp10 conditional knockout mouse strain. We examined whether global Bmp10-inducible knockout (iKO) mice develop AVMs at neonatal and adult stages in comparison with control, Bmp9-KO, and Bmp9/10-double KO (dKO) mice. Bmp10-iKO and Bmp9/10-dKO mice showed AVMs in developing retina, postnatal brain, and adult wounded skin, while Bmp9-KO did not display any noticeable vascular defects. Bmp10 deficiency resulted in increased proliferation and size of endothelial cells in AVM vessels. The impaired neurovascular integrity in the brain and retina of Bmp10-iKO and Bmp9/10-dKO mice was detected. Bmp9/10-dKO mice exhibited the lethality and vascular malformation similar to Bmp10-iKO mice, but their phenotypes were more pronounced. Administration of BMP10 protein, but not BMP9 protein, prevented retinal AVM in Bmp9/10-dKO and endothelial-specific Eng-iKO mice. These data indicate that BMP10 is indispensable for the development of a proper arteriovenous network, whereas BMP9 has limited compensatory functions for the loss of BMP10. We suggest that BMP10 is the most relevant physiological ligand of the ENG-ALK1 signaling pathway pertinent to HHT pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Choi
- Barrow Aneurysm & AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Bo-Gyeong Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, 21999, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Barrow Aneurysm & AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, 21999, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Paul Oh
- Barrow Aneurysm & AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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11
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Kim K, Kim MG, Lee GM. Improving bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) production in CHO cells through understanding of BMP synthesis, signaling and endocytosis. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108080. [PMID: 36526238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors with the clinical potential to regulate cartilage and bone formation. Functionally active mature recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs), produced primarily in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for clinical applications, are considered difficult to express because they undergo maturation processes, signaling pathways, or endocytosis. Although BMPs are a family of proteins with similar mature domain sequence identities, their individual properties are diverse. Thus, understanding the properties of individual rhBMPs is essential to improve rhBMP production in CHO cells. In this review, we discuss various approaches to improve rhBMP production in CHO cells by understanding the overall maturation process, signaling pathways and endocytosis of individual rhBMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Gyeom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 ( BMPR2) and the Prospects of Utilizing Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Modeling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233823. [PMID: 36497082 PMCID: PMC9741276 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), causing right ventricular hypertrophy and ultimately death from right heart failure. Heterozygous mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) are linked to approximately 80% of hereditary, and 20% of idiopathic PAH cases, respectively. While patients carrying a BMPR2 gene mutation are more prone to develop PAH than non-carriers, only 20% will develop the disease, whereas the majority will remain asymptomatic. PAH is characterized by extreme vascular remodeling that causes pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction, impaired apoptosis, and uncontrolled proliferation of the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). To date, progress in understanding the pathophysiology of PAH has been hampered by limited access to human tissue samples and inadequacy of animal models to accurately mimic the pathogenesis of human disease. Along with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, there has been an increasing interest in using this tool to develop patient-specific cellular models that precisely replicate the pathogenesis of PAH. In this review, we summarize the currently available approaches in iPSC-based PAH disease modeling and explore how this technology could be harnessed for drug discovery and to widen our understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH.
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13
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Arias-Betancur A, Badilla-Wenzel N, Astete-Sanhueza Á, Farfán-Beltrán N, Dias FJ. Carrier systems for bone morphogenetic proteins: An overview of biomaterials used for dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone regeneration. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:316-327. [PMID: 36281233 PMCID: PMC9587372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of biomaterials have been used to fabricate carriers to deliver bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in both dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone regeneration procedures. Despite that absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) is considered the gold standard for BMP delivery, there is still some concerns regarding its use mainly due to its poor mechanical properties. To overcome this, novel systems are being developed, however, due to the wide variety of biomaterial combination, the heterogeneous assessment of newly formed tissue, and the intended clinical applications, there is still no consensus regarding which is more efficient in a particular clinical scenario. The combination of two or more biomaterials in different topological configurations has allowed specific controlled-release patterns for BMPs, improving their biological and mechanical properties compared with classical single-material carriers. However, more basic research is needed. Since the BMPs can be used in multiple clinical scenarios having different biological and mechanical needs, novel carriers should be developed in a context-specific manner. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current knowledge about biomaterials used to fabricate delivery systems for BMPs in both dentoalveolar and maxillofacial contexts. Aspects related with the biological, physical and mechanical characteristics of each biomaterial are also presented and discussed. Strategies for bone formation and regeneration are a major concern in dentistry. Topical delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) allows rapid bone formation. BMPs requires proper carrier system to allow controlled and sustained release. Carrier should also fulfill mechanical requirements of bone defect sites. By using complex composites, it would be possible to develop new carriers for BMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Arias-Betancur
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Badilla-Wenzel
- Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Álvaro Astete-Sanhueza
- Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicole Farfán-Beltrán
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.,Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Oral Biology Research Centre (CIBO-UFRO), Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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14
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Ganjoo S, Puebla-Osorio N, Nanez S, Hsu E, Voss T, Barsoumian H, Duong LK, Welsh JW, Cortez MA. Bone morphogenetic proteins, activins, and growth and differentiation factors in tumor immunology and immunotherapy resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033642. [PMID: 36353620 PMCID: PMC9638036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily is a group of secreted polypeptides with key roles in exerting and regulating a variety of physiologic effects, especially those related to cell signaling, growth, development, and differentiation. Although its central member, TGF-β, has been extensively reviewed, other members of the family-namely bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs)-have not been as thoroughly investigated. Moreover, although the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer immunology and immunotherapy resistance have been extensively reported, little is known of the roles of BMPs, activins, and GDFs in these domains. This review focuses on how these superfamily members influence key immune cells in cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Sheng L, Huang Y. Metformin suppresses proliferation and differentiation induced by BMP9 via AMPK signaling in human fetal lung fibroblast-1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:984730. [PMID: 36091775 PMCID: PMC9448853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.984730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its activator metformin were found to be involved in the regulation of fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the regulatory mechanism has been undetermined. Recently, AMPK has been reported to exert its effect through inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. In this study, human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells were treated with metformin or specific AMPKα1 mutants, including constitutively activated mutant (AMPK-CA) and dominant negative mutant (AMPK-DN), combined with BMP9, and then the absorbance of these cells was measured by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. The colony number of HFL-1 cells stimulated by metformin with or without BMP9 was examined by colony formation assay. The protein expressions of differentiated markers (α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and collagen III) and the key molecules of BMP9 signaling, including activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) one and phosphorylated small mother against decapentaplegic (p-Smad)1/5, were also evaluated by western blot. Data revealed that BMP9 induced the proliferation and differentiation of HFL-1 cells which was suppressed by metformin or AMPK-CA. Meanwhile, the effect of metformin on BMP9-induced activation was counteracted by AMPK-DN. In addition, we found that the expressions of ALK1 and p-Smad1/5 induced by BMP9 were attenuated by metformin and AMPK-CA, whereas the inhibitory responses of metformin to the increased ALK1 and p-Smad1/5 were reduced by AMPK-DN. Accordingly, these results suggested that metformin mitigated BMP9-induced proliferation and differentiation of HFL-1 cells, which was achieved partly through the activation of AMPK and inhibition of ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfeng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linna Sheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Huang,
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16
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BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142216. [PMID: 35883659 PMCID: PMC9317121 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways. The interaction of BMPs with their receptors leads to the formation of complexes and the transduction of signals to the canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, MAPKs, p38, Erk, JNK, and PI3K/Akt) to regulate dental mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation during dentin development and homeostasis. Both the canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, such as Dlx3, Osx, Runx2, and others, to promote the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and downregulated gene expressions, such as those of DSPP and DMP1. Dysregulated BMP signaling causes a number of tooth disorders in humans. Mutation or knockout of BMP signaling-associated genes in mice results in dentin defects which enable a better understanding of the BMP signaling networks underlying odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. It includes discussion of the expression of BMPs, their receptors, and the implicated downstream genes during dentinogenesis. In addition, the structures of BMPs, BMP receptors, antagonists, and dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways associated with dentin defects are described.
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17
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Sharma T, Kapoor A, Mandal CC. Duality of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer: A comprehensive analysis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3127-3163. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Anmol Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
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18
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Guo J, Liu B, Thorikay M, Yu M, Li X, Tong Z, Salmon RM, Read RJ, Ten Dijke P, Morrell NW, Li W. Crystal structures of BMPRII extracellular domain in binary and ternary receptor complexes with BMP10. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2395. [PMID: 35504921 PMCID: PMC9064986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type II) cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. BMPRII is a receptor for over 15 BMP ligands, but why BMPR2 mutations cause lung-specific pathology is unknown. To elucidate the molecular basis of BMP:BMPRII interactions, we report crystal structures of binary and ternary BMPRII receptor complexes with BMP10, which contain an ensemble of seven different BMP10:BMPRII 1:1 complexes. BMPRII binds BMP10 at the knuckle epitope, with the A-loop and β4 strand making BMPRII-specific interactions. The BMPRII binding surface on BMP10 is dynamic, and the affinity is weaker in the ternary complex than in the binary complex. Hydrophobic core and A-loop interactions are important in BMPRII-mediated signalling. Our data reveal how BMPRII is a low affinity receptor, implying that forming a signalling complex requires high concentrations of BMPRII, hence mutations will impact on tissues with highest BMPR2 expression such as the lung vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Midory Thorikay
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minmin Yu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Tong
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Salmon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Randy J Read
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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19
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Kawecki F, Jann J, Fortin M, Auger FA, Faucheux N, Fradette J. Preclinical Evaluation of BMP-9-Treated Human Bone-like Substitutes for Alveolar Ridge Preservation following Tooth Extraction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063302. [PMID: 35328724 PMCID: PMC8952786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of dental implant treatment after tooth extraction is generally maximized by preserving the alveolar ridge using cell-free biomaterials. However, these treatments can be associated with inflammatory reactions, leading to additional bone volume loss hampering dental implant positioning. Our group developed a self-assembled bone-like substitute constituted of osteogenically induced human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs). We hypothesized that a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) supplementation could improve the in vitro osteogenic potential of the bone-like substitute, which would subsequently translate into enhanced alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction. ASCs displayed a better osteogenic response to BMP-9 than to BMP-2 in monolayer cell culture, as shown by higher transcript levels of the osteogenic markers RUNX2, osterix (OSX/SP7), and alkaline phosphatase after three and six days of treatment. Interestingly, BMP-9 treatment significantly increased OSX transcripts and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as pro-angiogenic angiopoietin-1 gene expression, in engineered bone-like substitutes after 21 days of culture. Alveolar bone healing was investigated after molar extraction in nude rats. Microcomputed tomography and histological evaluations revealed similar, or even superior, global alveolar bone preservation when defects were filled with BMP-9-treated bone-like substitutes for ten weeks compared to a clinical-grade biomaterial, with adequate gingival re-epithelialization in the absence of resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Kawecki
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval, LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.K.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jessica Jann
- Clinical Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (J.J.); (N.F.)
| | - Michel Fortin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval, LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.K.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval, LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.K.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Clinical Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (J.J.); (N.F.)
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval, LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.K.); (M.F.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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20
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Kulikauskas MR, X S, Bautch VL. The versatility and paradox of BMP signaling in endothelial cell behaviors and blood vessel function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:77. [PMID: 35044529 PMCID: PMC8770421 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels expand via sprouting angiogenesis, and this process involves numerous endothelial cell behaviors, such as collective migration, proliferation, cell–cell junction rearrangements, and anastomosis and lumen formation. Subsequently, blood vessels remodel to form a hierarchical network that circulates blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissue. During this time, endothelial cells become quiescent and form a barrier between blood and tissues that regulates transport of liquids and solutes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates both proangiogenic and homeostatic endothelial cell behaviors as blood vessels form and mature. Almost 30 years ago, human pedigrees linked BMP signaling to diseases associated with blood vessel hemorrhage and shunts, and recent work greatly expanded our knowledge of the players and the effects of vascular BMP signaling. Despite these gains, there remain paradoxes and questions, especially with respect to how and where the different and opposing BMP signaling outputs are regulated. This review examines endothelial cell BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and discusses the paradox of BMP signals that both destabilize and stabilize endothelial cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shaka X
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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21
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Cate RL, di Clemente N, Racine C, Groome NP, Pepinsky RB, Whitty A. The anti-Müllerian hormone prodomain is displaced from the hormone/prodomain complex upon bivalent binding to the hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101429. [PMID: 34801555 PMCID: PMC8801479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncovalent complexes of transforming growth factor-β family growth/differentiation factors with their prodomains are classified as latent or active, depending on whether the complexes can bind their respective receptors. For the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), the hormone-prodomain complex is active, and the prodomain is displaced upon binding to its type II receptor, AMH receptor type-2 (AMHR2), on the cell surface. However, the mechanism by which this displacement occurs is unclear. Here, we used ELISA assays to measure the dependence of prodomain displacement on AMH concentration and analyzed results with respect to the behavior expected for reversible binding in combination with ligand-induced receptor dimerization. We found that, in solution, the prodomain has a high affinity for the growth factor (GF) (Kd = 0.4 pM). Binding of the AMH complex to a single AMHR2 molecule does not affect this Kd and does not induce prodomain displacement, indicating that the receptor binding site in the AMH complex is fully accessible to AMHR2. However, recruitment of a second AMHR2 molecule to bind the ligand bivalently leads to a 1000-fold increase in the Kd for the AMH complex, resulting in rapid release of the prodomain. Displacement occurs only if the AMHR2 is presented on a surface, indicating that prodomain displacement is caused by a conformational change in the GF induced by bivalent binding to AMHR2. In addition, we demonstrate that the bone morphogenetic protein 7 prodomain is displaced from the complex with its GF by a similar process, suggesting that this may represent a general mechanism for receptor-mediated prodomain displacement in this ligand family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Cate
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nigel P Groome
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - R Blake Pepinsky
- Department of Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Whitty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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The Dual Effect of the BMP9-ALK1 Pathway in Blood Vessels: An Opportunity for Cancer Therapy Improvement? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215412. [PMID: 34771575 PMCID: PMC8582496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of tumor blood vessels is a great opportunity for improving cancer therapies. Understanding the cellular and molecular players that regulate the biology of tumor blood vessels and tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the development of new anti-tumor strategies. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a circulating factor with multiple effects in vascular biology through its receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1). In this review, we give an overview of the possible benefits of modulating BMP9–ALK1 functions for cancer therapy improvement. Abstract The improvement of cancer therapy efficacy, the extension of patient survival and the reduction of adverse side effects are major challenges in cancer research. Targeting blood vessels has been considered a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Since the tumor vasculature is disorganized, leaky and triggers immunosuppression and tumor hypoxia, several strategies have been studied to modify tumor vasculature for cancer therapy improvement. Anti-angiogenesis was first described as a mechanism to prevent the formation of new blood vessels and prevent the oxygen supply to tumor cells, showing numerous limitations. Vascular normalization using low doses of anti-angiogenic drugs was purposed to overcome the limitations of anti-angiogenic therapies. Other strategies such as vascular promotion or the induction of high endothelial venules are being studied now to improve cancer therapy. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) exerts a dual effect through the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) receptor in blood vessel maturation or activation phase of angiogenesis. Thus, it is an interesting pathway to target in combination with chemotherapies or immunotherapies. This review manuscript explores the effect of the BMP9–ALK1 pathway in tumor angiogenesis and the possible usefulness of targeting this pathway in anti-angiogenesis, vascular normalization or vascular promotion therapies.
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23
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Song T, Huang D, Song D. The potential regulatory role of BMP9 in inflammatory responses. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1566-1578. [PMID: 36157503 PMCID: PMC9485205 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body to pathogens and injury. Hence, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis and key regulatory factors of inflammation. BMP9 is a unique member of the BMP family, which is widely known for its strong osteogenic potential and insensitivity to the inhibition of BMP3. Recently, several studies have reported an underlying pivotal link between BMP9 and inflammation. What is clear, though not well understood, is that BMP9 plays a role in inflammation in a carefully choreographed manner in different contexts. In this review, we have summarized current studies focusing on BMP9 and inflammation in various tissues and the latest advances in BMP9 expression, signal transduction, and crystal structure to better understand the relationship between BMP9 and inflammation. In addition, we also briefly summarized the inflammatory characteristics of some TGF-β superfamily members to provide better insights and ideas for the study of BMP9 and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Thresholds of Endoglin Expression in Endothelial Cells Explains Vascular Etiology in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168948. [PMID: 34445652 PMCID: PMC8396348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by arteriovenous malformations and hemorrhage. HHT1 is caused by mutations in ENDOGLIN, which encodes an ancillary receptor for Transforming Growth Factor-β/Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 expressed in all vascular endothelial cells. Haploinsufficiency is widely accepted as the underlying mechanism for HHT1. However, it remains intriguing that only some, but not all, vascular beds are affected, as these causal gene mutations are present in vasculature throughout the body. Here, we have examined the endoglin expression levels in the blood vessels of multiple organs in mice and in humans. We found a positive correlation between low basal levels of endoglin and the general prevalence of clinical manifestations in selected organs. Endoglin was found to be particularly low in the skin, the earliest site of vascular lesions in HHT1, and even undetectable in the arteries and capillaries of heterozygous endoglin mice. Endoglin levels did not appear to be associated with organ-specific vascular functions. Instead, our data revealed a critical endoglin threshold compatible with the haploinsufficiency model, below which endothelial cells independent of their tissue of origin exhibited abnormal responses to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Our results support the development of drugs promoting endoglin expression as potentially protective.
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25
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Furlan AG, Spanou CES, Godwin ARF, Wohl AP, Zimmermann LMA, Imhof T, Koch M, Baldock C, Sengle G. A new MMP-mediated prodomain cleavage mechanism to activate bone morphogenetic proteins from the extracellular matrix. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21353. [PMID: 33629769 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001264r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery as pluripotent cytokines extractable from bone matrix, it has been speculated how bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) become released and activated from the extracellular matrix (ECM). In contrast to TGF-βs, most investigated BMPs are secreted as bioactive prodomain (PD)-growth factor (GF) complexes (CPLXs). Recently, we demonstrated that PD-dependent targeting of BMP-7 CPLXs to the extracellular fibrillin microfibril (FMF) components fibrillin-1 and -2 represents a BMP sequestration mechanism by rendering the GF latent. Understanding how BMPs become activated from ECM scaffolds such as FMF is crucial to elucidate pathomechanisms characterized by aberrant BMP activation and ECM destruction. Here, we describe a new MMP-dependent BMP-7 activation mechanism from ECM-targeted pools via specific PD degradation. Using Edman sequencing and mutagenesis, we identified a new and conserved MMP-13 cleavage site within the BMP-7 PD. A degradation screen with different BMP family PDs and representative MMP family members suggested utilization of the identified site in a general MMP-driven BMP activation mechanism. Furthermore, sandwich ELISA and solid phase cleavage studies in combination with bioactivity assays, single particle TEM, and in silico molecular docking experiments provided evidence that PD cleavage by MMP-13 leads to BMP-7 CPLX disintegration and bioactive GF release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane G Furlan
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chara E S Spanou
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alan R F Godwin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander P Wohl
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura-Marie A Zimmermann
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
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26
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Desroches-Castan A, Tillet E, Bouvard C, Bailly S. BMP9 and BMP10: two close vascular quiescence partners that stand out. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:178-197. [PMID: 34240497 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are dimeric transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) family cytokines that were first described in bone and cartilage formation but have since been shown to be involved in many pleiotropic functions. In human, there are 15 BMP ligands, which initiate their cellular signaling by forming a complex with two copies of type I receptors and two copies of type II receptors, both of which are transmembrane receptors with an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. Within this receptor family, ALK1 (Activin receptor-Like Kinase 1), which is a type I receptor mainly expressed on endothelial cells, and BMPRII (BMP Receptor type II), a type II receptor also highly expressed on endothelial cells, have been directly linked to two rare vascular diseases: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), respectively. BMP9 (gene name GDF2) and BMP10, two close members of the BMP family, are the only known ligands for the ALK1 receptor. This specificity gives them a unique role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The aim of this current review is to present an overview of what is known about BMP9 and BMP10 on vascular regulation with a particular emphasis on recent results and the many questions that remain unanswered regarding the roles and specificities between BMP9 and BMP10. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
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27
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Controlling BMP growth factor bioavailability: The extracellular matrix as multi skilled platform. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110071. [PMID: 34217834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily of signaling ligands which comprise a family of pluripotent cytokines regulating a multitude of cellular events. Although BMPs were originally discovered as potent factors extractable from bone matrix that are capable to induce ectopic bone formation in soft tissues, their mode of action has been mostly studied as soluble ligands in absence of the physiologically relevant cellular microenvironment. This micro milieu is defined by supramolecular networks of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that specifically target BMP ligands, present them to their cellular receptors, and allow their controlled release. Here we focus on functional interactions and mechanisms that were described to control BMP bioavailability in a spatio-temporal manner within the respective tissue context. Structural disturbance of the ECM architecture due to mutations in ECM proteins leads to dysregulated BMP signaling as underlying cause for connective tissue disease pathways. We will provide an overview about current mechanistic concepts of how aberrant BMP signaling drives connective tissue destruction in inherited and chronic diseases.
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Inhibiting Endothelial Cell Function in Normal and Tumor Angiogenesis Using BMP Type I Receptor Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122951. [PMID: 34204675 PMCID: PMC8231556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, i.e., the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing endothelial cell (EC)-lined vessels, is critical for tissue development and also contributes to neovascularization-related diseases, such as cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are among many secreted cytokines that regulate EC function. While several pharmacological anti-angiogenic agents have reached the clinic, further improvement is needed to increase clinical efficacy and to overcome acquired therapy resistance. More insights into the functional consequences of targeting specific pathways that modulate blood vessel formation may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Here, we synthesized and identified two macrocyclic small molecular compounds termed OD16 and OD29 that inhibit BMP type I receptor (BMPRI)-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and downstream gene expression in ECs. Of note, OD16 and OD29 demonstrated higher specificity against BMPRI activin receptor-like kinase 1/2 (ALK1/2) than the commonly used small molecule BMPRI kinase inhibitor LDN-193189. OD29, but not OD16, also potently inhibited VEGF-induced extracellular regulated kinase MAP kinase phosphorylation in ECs. In vitro, OD16 and OD29 exerted strong inhibition of BMP9 and VEGF-induced ECs migration, invasion and cord formation. Using Tg (fli:EGFP) zebrafish embryos, we found that OD16 and OD29 potently antagonized dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV), intra segmental vessel (ISV), and subintestinal vessel (SIV) formation during embryonic development. Moreover, the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell-induced tumor angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos was significantly decreased by OD16 and OD29. Both macrocyclic compounds might provide a steppingstone for the development of novel anti-angiogenesis therapeutic agents.
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29
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High-throughput measurements of bone morphogenetic protein/bone morphogenetic protein receptor interactions using biolayer interferometry. Biointerphases 2021; 16:031001. [PMID: 34241280 PMCID: PMC7614001 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are an important family of growth factors playing a role in a large number of physiological and pathological processes, including bone homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and cancers. In vivo, BMPs bind successively to both BMP receptors (BMPRs) of type I and type II, and a promiscuity has been reported. In this study, we used biolayer interferometry to perform parallel real-time biosensing and to deduce the kinetic parameters (ka, kd) and the equilibrium constant (KD) for a large range of BMP/BMPR combinations in similar experimental conditions. We selected four members of the BMP family (BMP-2, 4, 7, 9) known for their physiological relevance and studied their interactions with five type-I BMP receptors (ALK1, 2, 3, 5, 6) and three type-II BMP receptors (BMPR-II, ACTR-IIA, ACTR-IIB). We reveal that BMP-2 and BMP-4 behave differently, especially regarding their kinetic interactions and affinities with the type-II BMPR. We found that BMP-7 has a higher affinity for the type-II BMPR receptor ACTR-IIA and a tenfold lower affinity with the type-I receptors. While BMP-9 has a high and similar affinity for all type-II receptors, it can interact with ALK5 and ALK2, in addition to ALK1. Interestingly, we also found that all BMPs can interact with ALK5. The interaction between BMPs and both type-I and type-II receptors in a ternary complex did not reveal further cooperativity. Our work provides a synthetic view of the interactions of these BMPs with their receptors and paves the way for future studies on their cell-type and receptor specific signaling pathways.
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30
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Gascon S, Jann J, Langlois-Blais C, Plourde M, Lavoie C, Faucheux N. Peptides Derived from Growth Factors to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116071. [PMID: 34199883 PMCID: PMC8200100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuron losses in memory-related brain structures. The classical features of AD are a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, current treatments are unable to cure or even delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF and BDNF) that are deficient or dysregulated in AD. However, their low capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and their exorbitant cost currently limit their use. To overcome these limitations, short peptides mimicking the binding receptor sites of these growth factors have been developed. Such peptides can target selective signaling pathways involved in neuron survival, differentiation, and/or maintenance. This review focuses on growth factors and their derived peptides as potential treatment for AD. It describes (1) the physiological functions of growth factors in the brain, their neuronal signaling pathways, and alteration in AD; (2) the strategies to develop peptides derived from growth factor and their capacity to mimic the role of native proteins; and (3) new advancements and potential in using these molecules as therapeutic treatments for AD, as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Gascon
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Jessica Jann
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Chloé Langlois-Blais
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l’Estrie–Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 1B1, Canada;
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
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31
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New insights into BMP9 signaling in liver diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3591-3600. [PMID: 34019202 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a recently discovered cytokine mainly secreted by the liver and is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that BMP9 is associated with liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BMP9 signaling may play dual roles in liver diseases. In this review, we mainly summarized and discussed the roles and potential mechanisms of BMP9 signaling in NAFLD, liver fibrosis and HCC. Specifically, this article will provide a better understanding of BMP9 signaling and new clues for the treatment of liver diseases.
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32
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Yang S, Cheng J, Man C, Jiang L, Long G, Zhao W, Zheng D. Effects of exogenous nerve growth factor on the expression of BMP-9 and VEGF in the healing of rabbit mandible fracture with local nerve injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:74. [PMID: 33478541 PMCID: PMC7818757 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibular fracture healing is a complex process involving nerves and growth factors. Nerve growth factor (NGF) not only facilitates the maintenance of sympathetic neurite growth but also stimulates other growth factors that can promote the essential osteogenesis and angiogenesis for fracture healing. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the combined effects of NGF, bone morphogenic protein-9 (BMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to accelerate the healing of mandible fractures. METHODS The models of mandible fracture with local nerve injury established in 48 rabbits were randomly divided into nerve growth factor group (NGF group), gelatin sponge group (GS group), blank group, and intact group. The recovery of nerve reflex was assessed by observing the number of rabbits with lower lip responses to acupuncture. The fracture healing was observed with visual and CBCT, and then callus tissues from the mandibular fracture area were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining observation, and the expression of BMP-9 and VEGF in callus at different stages was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Needling reaction in the lower lip showed the number of animals with nerve reflex recovery was significantly higher in the NGF group than that in the GS and blank groups at the 2nd and 4th weeks after the operation. The combined results of macroscopic observation, CBCT examination, and histological analysis showed that a large number of osteoblasts and some vascular endothelial cells were found around the trabecular bone in the NGF group and the amount of callus formation and reconstruction was better than that in the GS group at the 2nd week after the operation. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of BMP-9 and VEGF in the four groups reached the highest values at the 2nd week, while the expression levels of both in the NGF group were significantly higher than that in the GS group. CONCLUSION The exogenous NGF could accelerate the healing of mandible fractures. This work will provide a new foundation and theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of fracture healing, thereby promoting fracture healing and reducing the disability rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Cheng Man
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lian Jiang
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guogeng Long
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dexin Zheng
- Oral Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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33
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Gipson GR, Goebel EJ, Hart KN, Kappes EC, Kattamuri C, McCoy JC, Thompson TB. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 2020; 140:115549. [PMID: 32730927 PMCID: PMC7502536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are the largest class signaling molecules within the greater Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) family, and are responsible for a wide array of biological functions, including dorsal-ventral patterning, skeletal development and maintenance, as well as cell homeostasis. As such, dysregulation of BMPs results in a number of diseases, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, understanding BMP signaling and regulation at the molecular level is essential for targeted therapeutic intervention. This review discusses the recent advances in the structural and biochemical characterization of BMPs, from canonical ligand-receptor interactions to co-receptors and antagonists. This work aims to highlight how BMPs differ from other members of the TGFβ family, and how that information can be used to further advance the field. Lastly, this review discusses several gaps in the current understanding of BMP structures, with the aim that discussion of these gaps will lead to advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Gipson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Erich J Goebel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Hart
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Emily C Kappes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chandramohan Kattamuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jason C McCoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207597. [PMID: 33066607 PMCID: PMC7589189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. After introducing the main types of bone cells, their differentiation and cooperation during bone remodeling and fracture healing processes are discussed. Then, the TGF-β superfamily, its signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways, as well as its regulation by Wnt/Notch or microRNAs are described and discussed. Its important role in bone homeostasis, repair, or disease is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical therapeutic uses of members of the TGF-β superfamily and their associated complications are debated.
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Martinez-Hackert E, Sundan A, Holien T. Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:39-54. [PMID: 33087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related, multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development, regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33 members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking feature of the family is its promiscuity, i.e., many ligands bind the same receptors and compete with each other for binding to these receptors. Although several explanations for this feature have been considered, its functional significance has remained puzzling. However, several recent reports have promoted the idea that ligand-receptor binding promiscuity and competition are critical features of the TGF-β family that provide an essential regulating function. Namely, they allow a cell to read and process multi-ligand inputs. This capability may be necessary for producing subtle, distinctive, or adaptive responses and, possibly, for facilitating developmental plasticity. Here, we review the molecular basis for ligand competition, with emphasis on molecular structures and binding affinities. We give an overview of methods that were used to establish experimentally ligand competition. Finally, we discuss how the concept of ligand competition may be fundamentally tied to human physiology, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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Tang N, Rao S, Ying Y, Huang Y. New insights into BMP9 signaling in organ fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Potential roles of bone morphogenetic protein-9 in glucose and lipid homeostasis. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:503-512. [PMID: 32808114 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) is a novel cytokine which is cloned from the fetal mouse liver cDNA library and belongs to the member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-9 is mainly secreted by the liver and exerts a variety of physiological functions. In this review, we present the latest knowledge on the biochemistry of BMP-9 and its role in glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis. We introduced the expression site, structure, synthesis, and secretion of BMP-9, as well as BMP-9 signaling pathway. We also discuss the effects of BMP-9 on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in different organs. BMP-9 can regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis in the body by inhibiting liver gluconeogenesis, transforming white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue, promoting muscle glycogen synthesis, increasing the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle tissue, increasing liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, promoting insulin synthesis and secretion, inhibiting liver lipid deposition, and playing a leptin-like role. Finally, through the results of animal intervention studies and human clinical studies in the review, we deeply understand the association of BMP-9 with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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Anderson KE, Bellio TA, Aniskovich E, Adams SL, Blusztajn JK, Delalle I. The Expression of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 (ACVRL1/ALK1) in Hippocampal Arterioles Declines During Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa031. [PMID: 32974611 PMCID: PMC7497413 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—deposition of beta amyloid
(Aβ) within the walls of cerebral blood vessels—typically accompanies Aβ buildup in brain
parenchyma and causes abnormalities in vessel structure and function. We recently
demonstrated that the immunoreactivity of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), the type
I receptor for circulating BMP9/BMP10 (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling proteins, is
reduced in advanced, but not early stages of AD in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Here we
characterize vascular expression of ALK1 in the context of progressive AD pathology
accompanied by amyloid angiopathy in postmortem hippocampi using immunohistochemical
methods. Hippocampal arteriolar wall ALK1 signal intensity was 35% lower in AD patients
(Braak and Braak Stages IV and V [BBIV-V]; clinical dementia rating [CDR1-2]) as compared
with subjects with early AD pathologic changes but either cognitively intact or with
minimal cognitive impairment (BBIII; CDR0-0.5). The intensity of Aβ signal in arteriolar
walls was similar in all analyzed cases. These data suggest that, as demonstrated
previously for specific neuronal populations, ALK1 expression in blood vessels is also
vulnerable to the AD pathophysiologic process, perhaps related to CAA. However, cortical
arterioles may remain responsive to the ALK1 ligands, such as BMP9 and BMP10 in early and
moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley E Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Thomas A Bellio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Emily Aniskovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephanie L Adams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ivana Delalle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence 02903 RI, USA
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Dagbay KB, Treece E, Streich FC, Jackson JW, Faucette RR, Nikiforov A, Lin SC, Boston CJ, Nicholls SB, Capili AD, Carven GJ. Structural basis of specific inhibition of extracellular activation of pro- or latent myostatin by the monoclonal antibody SRK-015. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5404-5418. [PMID: 32075906 PMCID: PMC7170532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (or growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8)) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily of growth factors and negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Its dysregulation is implicated in muscle wasting diseases. SRK-015 is a clinical-stage mAb that prevents extracellular proteolytic activation of pro- and latent myostatin. Here we used integrated structural and biochemical approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanism of antibody-mediated neutralization of pro-myostatin activation. The crystal structure of pro-myostatin in complex with 29H4-16 Fab, a high-affinity variant of SRK-015, at 2.79 Å resolution revealed that the antibody binds to a conformational epitope in the arm region of the prodomain distant from the proteolytic cleavage sites. This epitope is highly sequence-divergent, having only limited similarity to other closely related members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS experiments indicated that antibody binding induces conformational changes in pro- and latent myostatin that span the arm region, the loops contiguous to the protease cleavage sites, and the latency-associated structural elements. Moreover, negative-stain EM with full-length antibodies disclosed a stable, ring-like antigen-antibody structure in which the two Fab arms of a single antibody occupy the two arm regions of the prodomain in the pro- and latent myostatin homodimers, suggesting a 1:1 (antibody:myostatin homodimer) binding stoichiometry. These results suggest that SRK-015 binding stabilizes the latent conformation and limits the accessibility of protease cleavage sites within the prodomain. These findings shed light on approaches that specifically block the extracellular activation of growth factors by targeting their precursor forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Treece
- Scholar Rock Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan C Lin
- Scholar Rock Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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40
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Rational Derivation of Osteogenic Peptides from Bone
Morphogenetic Protein-2 Knuckle Epitope by Integrating In
Silico Analysis and In Vitro Assay. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Salmon RM, Guo J, Wood JH, Tong Z, Beech JS, Lawera A, Yu M, Grainger DJ, Reckless J, Morrell NW, Li W. Molecular basis of ALK1-mediated signalling by BMP9/BMP10 and their prodomain-bound forms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1621. [PMID: 32238803 PMCID: PMC7113306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-mediated endothelial cell signalling in response to bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10 is of significant importance in cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of ALK1-mediated signalling remain unclear. Here, we report crystal structures of the BMP10:ALK1 complex at 2.3 Å and the prodomain-bound BMP9:ALK1 complex at 3.3 Å. Structural analyses reveal a tripartite recognition mechanism that defines BMP9 and BMP10 specificity for ALK1, and predict that crossveinless 2 is not an inhibitor of BMP9, which is confirmed by experimental evidence. Introduction of BMP10-specific residues into BMP9 yields BMP10-like ligands with diminished signalling activity in C2C12 cells, validating the tripartite mechanism. The loss of osteogenic signalling in C2C12 does not translate into non-osteogenic activity in vivo and BMP10 also induces bone-formation. Collectively, these data provide insight into ALK1-mediated BMP9 and BMP10 signalling, facilitating therapeutic targeting of this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Salmon
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jingxu Guo
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jennifer H Wood
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Zhen Tong
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John S Beech
- RxCelerate Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Aleksandra Lawera
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Minmin Yu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David J Grainger
- RxCelerate Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jill Reckless
- RxCelerate Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wei Li
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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42
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Dronkers E, Wauters MMM, Goumans MJ, Smits AM. Epicardial TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Cardiac Regeneration: What Lesson Can We Learn from the Developing Heart? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030404. [PMID: 32150964 PMCID: PMC7175296 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, the outer layer of the heart, has been of interest in cardiac research due to its vital role in the developing and diseased heart. During development, epicardial cells are active and supply cells and paracrine cues to the myocardium. In the injured adult heart, the epicardium is re-activated and recapitulates embryonic behavior that is essential for a proper repair response. Two indispensable processes for epicardial contribution to heart tissue formation are epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tissue invasion. One of the key groups of cytokines regulating both EMT and invasion is the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family, including TGFβ and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP). Abundant research has been performed to understand the role of TGFβ family signaling in the developing epicardium. However, less is known about signaling in the adult epicardium. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the role of TGFβ in epicardial behavior both in the development and in the repair of the heart. We aim to describe the presence of involved ligands and receptors to establish if and when signaling can occur. Finally, we discuss potential targets to improve the epicardial contribution to cardiac repair as a starting point for future investigation.
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43
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Hou X, Peng Y, Liu J, Zhong Q, Yu Z, Zhang L. Bone morphogenetic protein-9 promotes the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating PI3K/Akt and Smad1/5 pathways. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7214-7220. [PMID: 35493870 PMCID: PMC9049849 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00737d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 2 gene, which belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. In the present study, we explored the role of BMP-9 in A549 and NCI-H1650 cell proliferation and its possible molecular mechanisms. 25 NSCLC patients were recruited to evaluate mRNA expression of BMP-9 to determine its clinicopathologic significance. We found that recombinant protein BMP-9 and overexpression of BMP-9 promoted A549 and NCI-H1650 cell proliferation in vitro, which was abolished by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002). Western blot results revealed that BMP-9 significantly activated the PI3K/Akt and Smad1/5 pathway signaling. In vivo, BMP-9 promoted tumor growth and PI3K/Akt and Smad1/5 signaling pathways in an A549 or NCI-H1650 cell line-derived xenograft model. Knockdown BMP-9 or BMP-9 receptor ALK1 inhibited A549 cell growth in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with regulating the PI3K/Akt and Smad1/5 signaling pathways. These results demonstrated that BMP-9 promoted A549 and NCI-H1650 cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt and Smad1/5 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Hou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University Henan China
| | - Yuanbo Peng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University Henan China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University Henan China
| | - Qixiang Zhong
- The First Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Department of Thoracic Surgery Shenyang China
| | - Zhenglun Yu
- The First Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Department of Thoracic Surgery Shenyang China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Department of Breast Surgery Shenyang China
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44
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Zhang Y, Que J. BMP Signaling in Development, Stem Cells, and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Annu Rev Physiol 2020; 82:251-273. [PMID: 31618602 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is essential for the morphogenesis of multiple organs in the digestive system. Abnormal BMP signaling has also been associated with disease initiation and progression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and associated organs. Recent studies using animal models, tissue organoids, and human pluripotent stem cells have significantly expanded our understanding of the roles played by BMPs in the development and homeostasis of GI organs. It is clear that BMP signaling regulates GI function and disease progression that involve stem/progenitor cells and inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. In this review we discuss these new findings with a focus on the esophagus, stomach, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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45
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Capasso TL, Li B, Volek HJ, Khalid W, Rochon ER, Anbalagan A, Herdman C, Yost HJ, Villanueva FS, Kim K, Roman BL. BMP10-mediated ALK1 signaling is continuously required for vascular development and maintenance. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:203-220. [PMID: 31828546 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant vascular disorder characterized by development of high-flow arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that can lead to stroke or high-output heart failure. HHT2 is caused by heterozygous mutations in ACVRL1, which encodes an endothelial cell bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor, ALK1. BMP9 and BMP10 are established ALK1 ligands. However, the unique and overlapping roles of these ligands remain poorly understood. To define the physiologically relevant ALK1 ligand(s) required for vascular development and maintenance, we generated zebrafish harboring mutations in bmp9 and duplicate BMP10 paralogs, bmp10 and bmp10-like. bmp9 mutants survive to adulthood with no overt phenotype. In contrast, combined loss of bmp10 and bmp10-like results in embryonic lethal cranial AVMs indistinguishable from acvrl1 mutants. However, despite embryonic functional redundancy of bmp10 and bmp10-like, bmp10 encodes the only required Alk1 ligand in the juvenile-to-adult period. bmp10 mutants exhibit blood vessel abnormalities in anterior skin and liver, heart dysmorphology, and premature death, and vascular defects correlate with increased cardiac output. Together, our findings support a unique role for Bmp10 as a non-redundant Alk1 ligand required to maintain the post-embryonic vasculature and establish zebrafish bmp10 mutants as a model for AVM-associated high-output heart failure, which is an increasingly recognized complication of severe liver involvement in HHT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Capasso
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Bijun Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Harry J Volek
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Waqas Khalid
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Arulselvi Anbalagan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Chelsea Herdman
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - H Joseph Yost
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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46
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Kim SK, Henen MA, Hinck AP. Structural biology of betaglycan and endoglin, membrane-bound co-receptors of the TGF-beta family. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1547-1558. [PMID: 31601110 PMCID: PMC6920675 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219881160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaglycan and endoglin, membrane-bound co-receptors of the TGF-β family, are required to mediate the signaling of a select subset of TGF-β family ligands, TGF-β2 and InhA, and BMP-9 and BMP-10, respectively. Previous biochemical and biophysical methods suggested alternative modes of ligand binding might be responsible for these co-receptors to selectively recognize and potentiate the functions of their ligands, yet the molecular details were lacking. Recent progress determining structures of betaglycan and endoglin, both alone and as bound to their cognate ligands, is presented herein. The structures reveal relatively minor, but very significant structural differences that lead to entirely different modes of ligand binding. The different modes of binding nonetheless share certain commonalities, such as multivalency, which imparts the co-receptors with very high affinity for their cognate ligands, but at the same time provides a mechanism for release by stepwise binding of the signaling receptors, both of which are essential for their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Kim
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University California
San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516,
Egypt
| | - Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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47
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits tumor angiogenesis: involvement of endoglin/Smad1 signaling in human umbilical vein endothelium cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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48
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Goebel EJ, Hart KN, McCoy JC, Thompson TB. Structural biology of the TGFβ family. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1530-1546. [PMID: 31594405 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219880894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway orchestrates a wide breadth of biological processes, ranging from bone development to reproduction. Given this, there has been a surge of interest from the drug development industry to modulate the pathway – at several points. This review discusses and provides additional context for several layers of the TGFβ signaling pathway from a structural biology viewpoint. The combination of structural techniques coupled with biophysical studies has provided a foundational knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing this high impact, ubiquitous pathway, underlying many of the current therapeutic pursuits. This work seeks to consolidate TGFβ-related structural knowledge and educate other researchers of the apparent gaps that still prove elusive. We aim to highlight the importance of these structures and provide the contextual information to understand the contribution to the field, with the hope of advancing the discussion and exploration of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Impact statement The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a multifacetted and highly regulated pathway, forming the underpinnings of a large range of biological processes. Here, we review and consolidate the key steps in TGFβ signaling using literature rooted in structural and biophysical techniques, with a focus on molecular mechanisms and gaps in knowledge. From extracellular regulation to ligand–receptor interactions and intracellular activation cascades, we hope to provide an introductory base for understanding the TGFβ pathway as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich J Goebel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Hart
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jason C McCoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Desroches-Castan A, Tillet E, Ricard N, Ouarné M, Mallet C, Belmudes L, Couté Y, Boillot O, Scoazec JY, Bailly S, Feige JJ. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Is a Paracrine Factor Controlling Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Fenestration and Protecting Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Hepatology 2019; 70:1392-1408. [PMID: 30964206 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a circulating factor produced by hepatic stellate cells that plays a critical role in vascular quiescence through its endothelial receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1). Mutations in the gene encoding ALK1 cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, a rare genetic disease presenting hepatic vessel malformations. Variations of both the circulating levels and the hepatic mRNA levels of BMP9 have been recently associated with various forms of hepatic fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism that links BMP9 with liver diseases is still unknown. Here, we report that Bmp9 gene deletion in 129/Ola mice triggers hepatic perisinusoidal fibrosis that was detectable from 15 weeks of age. An inflammatory response appeared within the same time frame as fibrosis, whereas sinusoidal vessel dilation developed later on. Proteomic and mRNA analyses of primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) both revealed that the expression of the LSEC-specifying transcription factor GATA-binding protein 4 was strongly reduced in Bmp9 gene knockout (Bmp9-KO) mice as compared with wild-type mice. LSECs from Bmp9-KO mice also lost the expression of several terminal differentiation markers (Lyve1, Stab1, Stab2, Ehd3, Cd209b, eNos, Maf, Plvap). They gained CD34 expression and deposited a basal lamina, indicating that they were capillarized. Another main characteristic of differentiated LSECs is the presence of permeable fenestrae. LSECs from Bmp9-KO mice had a significantly reduced number of fenestrae. This was already observable in 2-week-old pups. Moreover, we could show that addition of BMP9 to primary cultures of LSECs prevented the loss of their fenestrae and maintained the expression levels of Gata4 and Plvap. Conclusion: Taken together, our observations show that BMP9 is a key paracrine regulator of liver homeostasis, controlling LSEC fenestration and protecting against perivascular hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- BCI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- BCI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Ouarné
- BCI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Mallet
- BCI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucid Belmudes
- BGE Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- BGE Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Boillot
- Liver Transplant Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- BCI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Feige
- BCI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
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Differential Consequences of Bmp9 Deletion on Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Liver Fibrosis in 129/Ola and C57BL/6 Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091079. [PMID: 31540222 PMCID: PMC6770219 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to address the role of BMP9 in different genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and 129/Ola) of mice deleted for Bmp9. We found that Bmp9 deletion led to premature mortality only in the 129/Ola strain. We have previously shown that Bmp9 deletion led to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) capillarization and liver fibrosis in the 129/Ola background. Here, we showed that this is not the case in the C57BL/6 background. Analysis of LSEC from Wild-type (WT) versus Bmp9-KO mice in the C57BL/6 background showed no difference in LSEC fenestration and in the expression of differentiation markers. Comparison of the mRNA expression of LSEC differentiation markers between WT C57BL/6 and 129/Ola mice showed a significant decrease in Stabilin2, Plvap, and CD209b, suggesting a more capillary-like phenotype in WT C57BL/6 LSECs. C57BL/6 mice also had lower BMP9 circulating concentrations and hepatic Vegfr2 mRNA levels, compared to the 129/Ola mice. Taken together, our observations support a role for BMP9 in liver endothelial cell fenestration and prevention of fibrosis that is dependent on genetic background. It also suggests that 129/Ola mice are a more suitable model than C57BL/6 for the study of liver fibrosis subsequent to LSEC capillarization.
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