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Fang H, Bo Y, Hao Z, Mang G, Jin J, Wang H. A promising frontier: targeting NETs for stroke treatment breakthroughs. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38654328 PMCID: PMC11036592 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent global acute cerebrovascular condition, with ischaemic stroke being the most frequently occurring type. After a stroke, neutrophils accumulate in the brain and subsequently generate and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The accumulation of NETs exacerbates the impairment of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), hampers neovascularization, induces notable neurological deficits, worsens the prognosis of stroke patients, and can facilitate the occurrence of t-PA-induced cerebral haemorrhage subsequent to ischaemic stroke. Alternative approaches to pharmacological thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy are being explored, and targeting NETs is a promising treatment that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunfei Bo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhongfei Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ge Mang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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2
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Lebrun F, Levard D, Lemarchand E, Yetim M, Furon J, Potzeha F, Marie P, Lesept F, Blanc M, Haelewyn B, Rubio M, Letourneur A, Violle N, Orset C, Vivien D. Improving stroke outcomes in hyperglycemic mice by modulating tPA/NMDAR signaling to reduce inflammation and hemorrhages. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1330-1344. [PMID: 38190586 PMCID: PMC10943589 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pharmacological intervention for ischemic stroke hinges on intravenous administration of the recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA, Alteplase/Actilyse) either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with thrombectomy. However, despite its clinical significance, broader use of rtPA is constrained because of the risk of hemorrhagic transformations (HTs). Furthermore, the presence of diabetes or chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an elevated risk of HT subsequent to thrombolysis. This detrimental impact of tPA on the neurovascular unit in patients with hyperglycemia has been ascribed to its capacity to induce endothelial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling, contributing to compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammatory processes. In a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke with chronic hyperglycemia, we assessed the effectiveness of rtPA and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as thrombolytic agents. We also tested the effect of blocking tPA/NMDAR signaling using a monoclonal antibody, Glunomab. Magnetic resonance imaging, speckle contrast imaging, flow cytometry, and behavioral tasks were used to evaluate stroke outcomes. In hyperglycemic animals, treatment with rtPA resulted in lower recanalization rates and increased HTs. Conversely, NAC treatment reduced lesion sizes while mitigating HTs. After a single administration, either in standalone or combined with rtPA-induced thrombolysis, Glunomab reduced brain lesion volumes, HTs, and neuroinflammation after stroke, translating into improved neurological outcomes. Additionally, we demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of Glunomab in combination with NAC or as a standalone strategy in chronic hyperglycemic animals. Counteracting tPA-dependent endothelial NMDAR signaling limits ischemic damages induced by both endogenous and exogenous tPA, including HTs and inflammatory processes after ischemic stroke in hyperglycemic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lebrun
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- STROK@LLIANCE, ETAP-Lab, Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Eloïse Lemarchand
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Mervé Yetim
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Jonathane Furon
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pauline Marie
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Benoit Haelewyn
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Experimental Stroke Research Platform, Normandie University, CURB, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Experimental Stroke Research Platform, Normandie University, CURB, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Experimental Stroke Research Platform, Normandie University, CURB, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
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3
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Li Q, Ling Y, Ma Y, Zhang T, Yang Y, Tao S. Paracrine signaling of ferroptotic airway epithelium in crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis augments local fibroblast activation through glycolysis reprogramming. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115994. [PMID: 38262094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to crystalline silica (CS) contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Airway epithelium dysfunction and fibroblast activation have both been recognized as pivotal players, alongside disturbances in ferroptosis and glycolysis reprogramming. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between airway epithelium and fibroblast in the context of CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. CS was employed in vivo and the in vitro co-culture system of airway epithelium and fibroblast. Spatial transcriptome analysis of CS-induced fibrotic lung tissue was conducted as well. Results showed that epithelium ferroptosis caused by CS enhanced TGFβ1-induced fibroblast activation through paracrine signaling. tPA was further identified to be the central mediator that bridges epithelium ferroptosis and fibroblast activation. And increased fibroblast glycolysis reprogramming was evidenced to promote fibroblast activation. By inhibition of epithelium ferroptosis or silencing tPA of airway epithelium, fibroblast AMPK phosphorylation was inhibited. Moreover, we revealed that tPA secreted by ferroptotic epithelium transmits paracrine signals to fibroblasts by governing glycolysis via p-AMPK/AMPK mediated Glut1 accumulation. Collectively, our study demonstrated the regulation of airway epithelium ferroptosis on fibroblast activation in CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which would shed light on the complex cellular crosstalk within pulmonary fibrosis and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmin Li
- Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No.1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yi Ling
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No.1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No.1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Youjing Yang
- Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No.1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, No.1 Guihuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China.
| | - Shasha Tao
- Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No.1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, No.1 Guihuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China.
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4
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Ueland T, Michelsen AE, Tveita AA, Kåsine T, Dahl TB, Finbråten AK, Holten AR, Skjønsberg OH, Mathiessen A, Henriksen KN, Trøseid M, Aaløkken TM, Halvorsen B, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Barratt-Due A, Aukrust P. Coagulopathy and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from the NOR-Solidarity trial. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102289. [PMID: 38292350 PMCID: PMC10825546 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have examined parameters of increased thrombogenicity in COVID-19, but studies examining their association with long-term outcome and potential effects of antiviral agents in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are scarce. Objectives To evaluate plasma levels of hemostatic proteins during hospitalization in relation to disease severity, treatment modalities, and persistent pulmonary pathology after 3 months. Methods In 165 patients with COVID-19 recruited into the NOR-Solidarity trial (NCT04321616) and randomized to treatment with hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, or standard of care, we analyzed plasma levels of hemostatic proteins during the first 10 days of hospitalization (n = 160) and at 3 months of follow-up (n = 100) by enzyme immunoassay. Results Our main findings were as follows: (i) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were increased in patients with severe disease (ie, the combined endpoint of respiratory failure [Po2-to-FiO2 ratio, <26.6 kPa] or need for treatment at an intensive care unit) during hospitalization. Compared to patients without severe disease, tPA levels were a median of 42% (P < .001), 29% (P = .002), and 36% (P = .015) higher at baseline, 3 to 5 days, and 7 to 10 days, respectively. For TFPI, median levels were 37% (P = .003), 25% (P < .001), and 10% (P = .13) higher in patients with severe disease at these time points, respectively. No changes in thrombin-antithrombin complex; alpha 2-antiplasmin; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13; or antithrombin were observed in relation to severe disease. (ii) Patients treated with remdesivir had lower levels of TFPI than those in patients treated with standard of care alone. (iii) TFPI levels during hospitalization, but not at 3 months of follow-up, were higher in those with persistent pathology on chest computed tomography imaging 3 months after hospital admission than in those without such pathology. No consistent changes in thrombin-antithrombin complex, alpha 2-antiplasmin, ADAMTS-13, tPA, or antithrombin were observed in relation to pulmonary pathology at 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion TFPI and tPA are associated with severe disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. For TFPI, high levels measured during the first 10 days of hospitalization were also associated with persistent pulmonary pathology even 3 months after hospital admittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø—the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Aune Tveita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Kåsine
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aleksander R. Holten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Henning Skjønsberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Katerina N. Henriksen
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hospital Pharmacies, South-Eastern Norway Enterprise, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Mogens Aaløkken
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Zhu M, Shen H, Wang B, He Y, Chen J, Ren J, Zhang Z, Jian X. LRP1 as a promising therapeutic target for gastrointestinal tumors: Inhibiting proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:432. [PMID: 37664649 PMCID: PMC10472044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the most common types of tumors worldwide. The lack of cancer biomarkers and targeted drug resistance are barriers to achieving effective cancer therapy. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a transmembrane protein that has multiple functions due to its ability to recognize different ligands; however, the role of LRP1 in GI cancer cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of LRP1 in GI tumors. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze the potential correlation between expression of LRP1 and prognosis in patients with GI cancer. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized and the expression of LRP1 was simultaneously validated in GI cancer at the cellular level through western blot experiments. LRP1 was expressed at high levels in HGC-27, HepG2 and BxPC-3 cells. LRP1 expression in GI cancer cells was knocked down using lentivirus-mediated shRNA and the effects on biological functions were observed. LRP1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of GI cancer cells. LRP1 knockdown inhibited CD36 gene expression in HepG2 and BxPC-3 cells. LRP1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of GI cancer cells, suggesting that LRP1 may be a novel target for treatment of GI tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Lab Center, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Bili Wang
- Lab Center, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Yingfei He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhezhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xu Jian
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Yao ZM, Sun XR, Huang J, Chen L, Dong SY. Astrocyte-Neuronal Communication and Its Role in Stroke. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2996-3006. [PMID: 37329448 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system. These cells are an important hub for intercellular communication. They participate in various pathophysiological processes, including synaptogenesis, metabolic transformation, scar production, and blood-brain barrier repair. The mechanisms and functional consequences of astrocyte-neuron signaling are more complex than previously thought. Stroke is a disease associated with neurons in which astrocytes also play an important role. Astrocytes respond to the alterations in the brain microenvironment after stroke, providing required substances to neurons. However, they can also have harmful effects. In this review, we have summarized the function of astrocytes, their association with neurons, and two paradigms of the inflammatory response, which suggest that targeting astrocytes may be an effective strategy for treating stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
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7
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Babenko VA, Fedulova KS, Silachev DN, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Kalyuzhnaya YN, Demyanenko SV, Plotnikov EY. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Hemorrhagic Transformation in the Treatment of Stroke with Tissue Plasminogen Activator. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1175. [PMID: 37511788 PMCID: PMC10381732 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. The only approved treatment for ischemic stroke is thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), though this approach often leads to a severe complication: hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The pathophysiology of HT in response to tPA is complex and not fully understood. However, numerous scientific findings suggest that the enzymatic activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in brain tissue play a crucial role. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the functioning of various MMPs at different stages of ischemic stroke development and their association with HT. We also discuss the mechanisms that underlie the effect of tPA on MMPs as the main cause of the adverse effects of thrombolytic therapy. Finally, we describe recent research that aimed to develop new strategies to modulate MMP activity to improve the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. The ultimate goal is to provide more targeted and personalized treatment options for patients with ischemic stroke to minimize complications and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Babenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia S Fedulova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Yulia N Kalyuzhnaya
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Demyanenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Zhang M, Yu J, Liu A, Liu QQ, Sun T, Li X, Du Y, Li J, Wang B, Yang Q. Luteolin in the Qi Bi Anshen decoction improves propionic acid-induced autism-like behavior in rats by inhibiting LRP1/MMP9. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154965. [PMID: 37451152 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A neurodevelopmental illness with a high frequency and unidentified pathophysiology is known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A research hotspot in this field is the identification of disease-specific biomarkers and drug intervention targets. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can eliminate the symptoms of autism by precisely regulating human physiology. The Qi Bi Anshen decoction (QAT) is a commonly used TCM clinical drug commonly-used to treat for treating ASD. However, the primary active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of action of this decoction remain unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the active ingredients and pharmacodynamics of QAT in the treatment of ASD using a Sprague-Dawley rat model that resembled autism. METHODS Autism-like rat models were established through intracerebroventricular injections of propionic acid (PPA). Subsequently, the rats were treated with QAT, and their efficacy was evaluated using the three-chamber method to analyze social interactions and grooming behavior. Additionally, open-field tests, elevated cross-maze tests, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed; Western blot analysis was employed to determine the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), the effectiveness of active QAT components was assessed, and potential QAT targets were screened through molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance, and thermal migration experiments. To better understand the precise processes involved in treating ASD with active QAT components, in vivo and in vitro knockdown tests were also performed. RESULTS QATexhibited a significant improvement in autism-like behavior and a notable increase in the production of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, luteolin (LUT), identified as a potentially important active ingredient in QAT for treating ASD, reduced matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP9) expression. However, this effect was attenuated by the knockdown of low-density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 (LRP1), which is the target binding site for LUT. CONCLUSIONS LUT emerges as a potentially crucial active component of QAT in the treatment of ASD, with the ability to antagonize LRP1 and subsequently reduce MMP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoyan Yu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - An Liu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Li
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaya Du
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Mechanism and Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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9
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Lin L, Hu K. Macrophage Function Modulated by tPA Signaling in Mouse Experimental Kidney Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11067. [PMID: 37446244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease regulating the homeostasis of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and matrix degradation, and has been shown to act as a cytokine to trigger various receptor-mediated intracellular signal pathways, modulating macrophage function in response to kidney injury. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of tPA-modulated macrophage function and underlying signaling mechanisms during kidney fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kebin Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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10
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Chea C, Miyauchi M, Inubushi T, Okamoto K, Haing S, Takata T. Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibitory Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin on Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020562. [PMID: 36839884 PMCID: PMC9958951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, has been reported to have anticancer properties. However, the molecular mechanisms behind its anticancer effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of LF on invasion of OSCC, and its underlying molecular mechanism. OSCC cell lines, HSC2 and HOC313, were treated with bovine LF (bLF). The effects of bLF on cell invasion were examined by a chamber migration assay, wound healing assay, and Boyden chamber method with a basement-membrane-analogue. Expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and AP-1 were examined using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Roles of LRP1, a receptor of bLF, on cell invasion were analyzed using siLRP1 knockdown cells. Furthermore, to clarify the importance of LRP1 in invasion, the effects of bLF on tPA-induced invasion of OSCC cells were examined. The invasion assays showed that bLF suppressed invasion of the OSCC cells. Moreover, bLF down-regulated AP-1, and resulted in reductions of MMP-1 and MMP-3. With SiLRP1 knockdown, OSCC cells failed to induce their invasion, and bLF was not able to exert its effects on invasion. Furthermore, bLF remarkably inhibited tPA-induced cell invasion. These findings suggest the importance of LRP1 in bLF-suppressed invasion of OSCC cells via the reduction of AP-1 and MMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbora Chea
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-82-257-5632 (C.C. & T.T.)
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Okamoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Sivmeng Haing
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Shunan University, 843-4-2 Gakuenndai Syunan, Yamaguchi 745-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-82-257-5632 (C.C. & T.T.)
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11
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Langlois B, Martin J, Schneider C, Hachet C, Terryn C, Rioult D, Martiny L, Théret L, Salesse S, Dedieu S. LRP-1-dependent control of calpain expression and activity: A new mechanism regulating thyroid carcinoma cell adhesion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:981927. [PMID: 36052226 PMCID: PMC9424861 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.981927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor mediating the clearance of various molecules from the extracellular matrix. LRP1 also regulates cell surface expression of matrix receptors by modulating both extracellular and intracellular signals, though current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains partial in the frame of cancer cells interaction with matricellular substrates. In this study we identified that LRP1 downregulates calpain activity and calpain 2 transcriptional expression in an invasive thyroid carcinoma cell model. LRP1-dependent alleviation of calpain activity limits cell-matrix attachment strength and contributes to FTC133 cells invasive abilities in a modified Boyden chamber assays. In addition, using enzymatic assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrated that LRP1 exerts post-translational inhibition of calpain activity through PKA-dependent phosphorylation of calpain-2. This LRP-1 dual mode of control of calpain activity fine-tunes carcinoma cell spreading. We showed that LRP1-mediated calpain inhibition participates in talin-positive focal adhesions dissolution and limits β1-integrin expression at carcinoma cell surface. In conclusion, we identified an additional and innovative intracellular mechanism which demonstrates LRP-1 pro-motile action in thyroid cancer cells. LRP-1 ability to specifically control calpain-2 expression and activity highlights a novel facet of its de-adhesion receptor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Langlois
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Langlois,
| | - Julie Martin
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Schneider
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Cathy Hachet
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- Plate-Forme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne/INERIS, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Louis Théret
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Stéphanie Salesse
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
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12
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LRP1B Expression Is Correlated With Age and Perineural Invasion in Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:49-53. [PMID: 34889813 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Stevenson TK, Moore SJ, Murphy GG, Lawrence DA. Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Central Nervous System Physiology and Pathology: From Synaptic Plasticity to Alzheimer's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:288-300. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTissue plasminogen activator's (tPA) fibrinolytic function in the vasculature is well-established. This specific role for tPA in the vasculature, however, contrasts with its pleiotropic activities in the central nervous system. Numerous physiological and pathological functions have been attributed to tPA in the central nervous system, including neurite outgrowth and regeneration; synaptic and spine plasticity; neurovascular coupling; neurodegeneration; microglial activation; and blood–brain barrier permeability. In addition, multiple substrates, both plasminogen-dependent and -independent, have been proposed to be responsible for tPA's action(s) in the central nervous system. This review aims to dissect a subset of these different functions and the different molecular mechanisms attributed to tPA in the context of learning and memory. We start from the original research that identified tPA as an immediate-early gene with a putative role in synaptic plasticity to what is currently known about tPA's role in a learning and memory disorder, Alzheimer's disease. We specifically focus on studies demonstrating tPA's involvement in the clearance of amyloid-β and neurovascular coupling. In addition, given that tPA has been shown to regulate blood–brain barrier permeability, which is perturbed in Alzheimer's disease, this review also discusses tPA-mediated vascular dysfunction and possible alternative mechanisms of action for tPA in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K. Stevenson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shannon J. Moore
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Geoffrey G. Murphy
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel A. Lawrence
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in kidney disease. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:141-212. [PMID: 34809827 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc and calcium endopeptidases which cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. They are also involved in the degradation of cell surface components and regulate multiple cellular processes, cell to cell interactions, cell proliferation, and cell signaling pathways. MMPs function in close interaction with the endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), both of which regulate cell turnover, modulate various growth factors, and participate in the progression of tissue fibrosis and apoptosis. The multiple roles of MMPs and TIMPs are continuously elucidated in kidney development and repair, as well as in a number of kidney diseases. This chapter focuses on the current findings of the significance of MMPs and TIMPs in a wide range of kidney diseases, whether they result from kidney tissue changes, hemodynamic alterations, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, or fibrosis. In addition, the potential use of these endopeptidases as biomarkers of renal dysfunction and as targets for therapeutic interventions to attenuate kidney disease are also explored in this review.
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15
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Ku CW, Day CH, Ou HC, Ho TJ, Chen RJ, Kumar VB, Lin WY, Huang CY. The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1182-1192. [PMID: 34761109 PMCID: PMC8565594 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The areca nut is one of the most commonly consumed psychoactive substances worldwide, with an estimated consumption by approximately 10% of the world’s population, especially in some regions of South Asia, East Africa, and the tropical Pacific. Arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, has been classified as carcinogenic to humans as it adversely affects various organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs. Earlier studies have established a link between areca nut chewing and cardiac arrhythmias, and yet research pertaining to the mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity caused by arecoline is still preliminary. The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that arecoline causes cardiac fibrosis through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad-mediated signaling pathways. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with low (5 mg/kg/day) or high (50 mg/kg/day) doses of arecoline for 3 weeks. Results from Masson’s trichrome staining indicated that arecoline could induce cardiac fibrosis through collagen accumulation. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β and p-Smad2/3 protein expression levels were markedly higher in the arecoline-injected rat hearts than in those of the control rats. Moreover, arecoline upregulated other fibrotic-related proteins, including SP1-mediated connective tissue growth factor expression. Tissue-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 were upregulated, and the inhibitor of MMP9 was downregulated. This study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, the areca nut is a harmful substance, and the detrimental effects of arecoline on the heart are similar to that caused by oral submucous fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wen Ku
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Yuan Lin
- The Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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16
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Gonias SL. Plasminogen activator receptor assemblies in cell signaling, innate immunity, and inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C721-C734. [PMID: 34406905 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are serine proteases and major activators of fibrinolysis in mammalian systems. Because fibrinolysis is an essential component of the response to tissue injury, diverse cells, including cells that participate in the response to injury, have evolved receptor systems to detect tPA and uPA and initiate appropriate cell-signaling responses. Formation of functional receptor systems for the plasminogen activators requires assembly of diverse plasma membrane proteins, including but not limited to: the urokinase receptor (uPAR); integrins; N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). The cell-signaling responses elicited by tPA and uPA impact diverse aspects of cell physiology. This review describes rapidly evolving knowledge regarding the structure and function of plasminogen activator receptor assemblies. How these receptor assemblies regulate innate immunity and inflammation is then considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California
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17
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Medcalf RL, Keragala CB. The Fibrinolytic System: Mysteries and Opportunities. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e570. [PMID: 34095754 PMCID: PMC8171360 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition and removal of fibrin has been the primary role of coagulation and fibrinolysis, respectively. There is also little doubt that these 2 enzyme cascades influence each other given they share the same serine protease family ancestry and changes to 1 arm of the hemostatic pathway would influence the other. The fibrinolytic system in particular has also been known for its capacity to clear various non-fibrin proteins and to activate other enzyme systems, including complement and the contact pathway. Furthermore, it can also convert a number of growth factors into their mature, active forms. More recent findings have extended the reach of this system even further. Here we will review some of these developments and also provide an account of the influence of individual players of the fibrinolytic (plasminogen activating) pathway in relation to physiological and pathophysiological events, including aging and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Medcalf
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charithani B. Keragala
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Interferon-β alleviates delayed tPA-induced adverse effects via modulation of MMP3/9 production in ischemic stroke. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4366-4381. [PMID: 32926126 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for ischemic stroke. However, delayed tPA administration is associated with increased risk of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Interferon-β (IFNβ), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, is a cytokine with immunomodulatory properties. Previous studies, including ours, demonstrated that IFNβ or type I IFN receptor signaling conferred protection against ischemic stroke in preclinical models, suggesting IFNβ might have translational therapeutic potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, whether IFNβ could be coadministered with tPA to alleviate delayed tPA-induced adverse effects remains unknown. To elucidate that, IFNβ was coadministered with delayed tPA to ischemic stroke animals, and the severity and pathology of ischemic brain injury were assessed. We found delayed tPA treatment exacerbated ischemic brain injury, manifested by aggravated BBB disruption and HT. Notably, IFNβ ameliorated delayed tPA-exacerbated brain injury and alleviated adverse effects. Mechanistic studies revealed IFNβ suppressed tPA-enhanced neuroinflammation and MMP3/9 production in the ischemic brain. Furthermore, we identified IFNβ suppressed MMP9 production in microglia and attenuated tight junction protein degradation in brain endothelial cells. Moreover, we observed that peripheral immune cells may participate to a lesser extent in delayed tPA-exacerbated brain injury during the early phase of ischemic stroke. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that IFNβ can be coadministered with tPA to mitigate delayed tPA-induced adverse effects of BBB disruption and HT that could potentially extend the tPA therapeutic window for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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19
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Plasminogen Activators in Neurovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094380. [PMID: 33922229 PMCID: PMC8122722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a dynamic structure assembled by endothelial cells surrounded by a basement membrane, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia and neurons. A carefully coordinated interplay between these cellular and non-cellular components is required to maintain normal neuronal function, and in line with these observations, a growing body of evidence has linked NVU dysfunction to neurodegeneration. Plasminogen activators catalyze the conversion of the zymogen plasminogen into the two-chain protease plasmin, which in turn triggers a plethora of physiological events including wound healing, angiogenesis, cell migration and inflammation. The last four decades of research have revealed that the two mammalian plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), are pivotal regulators of NVU function during physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we will review the most relevant data on their expression and function in the NVU and their role in neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
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20
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Das L, Banki MA, Azmoon P, Pizzo D, Gonias SL. Enzymatically Inactive Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Reverses Disease Progression in the Dextran Sulfate Sodium Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:590-601. [PMID: 33465348 PMCID: PMC8101053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatically inactive tissue-type plasminogen activator (EI-tPA) does not activate fibrinolysis, but interacts with the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in macrophages to block innate immune system responses mediated by toll-like receptors. Herein, we examined the ability of EI-tPA to treat colitis in mice, induced by dextran sulfate sodium. In two separate studies, designed to generate colitis of differing severity, a single dose of EI-tPA administered after inflammation established significantly improved disease parameters. EI-tPA-treated mice demonstrated improved weight gain. Stools improved in character and became hemoccult negative. Abdominal tenderness decreased. Colon shortening significantly decreased in EI-tPA-treated mice, suggesting attenuation of irreversible tissue damage and remodeling. Furthermore, histopathologic evidence of disease decreased in the distal 25% of the colon in EI-tPA-treated mice. EI-tPA did not decrease the number of CD45-positive leukocytes or F4/80-positive macrophage-like cells detected in extracts of colons from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice as assessed by flow cytometry. However, multiple colon cell types expressed the NMDA-R, suggesting the ability of diverse cells, including CD3-positive cells, CD103-positive cells, Ly6G-positive cells, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive epithelial cells to respond to EI-tPA. Mesenchymal cells that line intestinal crypts and provide barrier function expressed LRP1, thereby representing another potential target for EI-tPA. These results demonstrate that the NMDA-R/LRP1 receptor system may be a target for drug development in diseases characterized by tissue damage and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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21
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Effects of tart cherry and its metabolites on aging and inflammatory conditions: Efficacy and possible mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101254. [PMID: 33434683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an underlying cause of or a contributing factor to a number of chronic conditions, including hypertension, insulin resistance, arthritis, and cognitive disorders. A chronic inflammatory state is also associated with aging. Tart cherry (TC) has been extensively studied for its ability to prevent or treat inflammatory diseases and their associated risk factors. TC contains active compounds, including polyphenols that may contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammatory signaling pathways regulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells important for the pathogenesis of disease. Whole TC, individual compounds, and their metabolites may be viable treatment options because they can target molecules involved in inflammatory pathways. In this review, the effectiveness of TC in reducing inflammatory markers associated with chronic diseases and the effects of the active compounds in TC and their metabolites on inflammatory pathways are discussed. The main polyphenols present in TC include cyanidins, kaempferol, quercetin, melatonin, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 3-coumaroylquinic acid. Evidence supports an association between TC intake and reduced risk for inflammatory disease, which may be due to the effects of active compounds in TC on inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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22
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Heissig B, Salama Y, Takahashi S, Osada T, Hattori K. The multifaceted role of plasminogen in inflammation. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109761. [PMID: 32861744 PMCID: PMC7452830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A fine-tuned activation and deactivation of proteases and their inhibitors are involved in the execution of the inflammatory response. The zymogen/proenzyme plasminogen is converted to the serine protease plasmin, a key fibrinolytic factor by plasminogen activators including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Plasmin is part of an intricate protease network controlling proteins of initial hemostasis/coagulation, fibrinolytic and complement system. Activation of these protease cascades is required to mount a proper inflammatory response. Although best known for its ability to dissolve clots and cleave fibrin, recent studies point to the importance of fibrin-independent functions of plasmin during acute inflammation and inflammation resolution. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of the enzymatic and cytokine-like effects of tPA and describe the role of tPA and plasminogen receptors in the regulation of the inflammatory response with emphasis on the cytokine storm syndrome such as observed during coronavirus disease 2019 or macrophage activation syndrome. We discuss tPA as a modulator of Toll like receptor signaling, plasmin as an activator of NFkB signaling, and summarize recent studies on the role of plasminogen receptors as controllers of the macrophage conversion into the M2 type and as mediators of efferocytosis during inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heissig
- Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yousef Salama
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, 279-0021 Chiba, Japan.
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genomic & Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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23
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PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBODIES TO TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR: APPLICATION FOR THE PLATELET FLOW CYTOMETRY ASSAY. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech13.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the key protein of plasminogen/plasmin system that converts plasminogen in the active proteinase plasmin. Platelets are able to bind both tPA and plasminogen on their surface, thus providing stimulatory effects on activation of zymogen. The present study was aimed to produce polyclonal antibodies against tPA and characterize their immunochemical capacities for further application in flow cytometry assay to study interaction between tPA and platelets. The experimental methods involved immunization of rabbit with tPA, collection of immune serum, synthesis of tPA-containing immunoaffine sorbent, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Polyclonal monospecific antibodies against tPA with high affinity to the antigen (Кd = 4.05・10–9 М) were obtained. Flow cytometry assay based on the use of the produced antibodies showed the presence of binding sites for tPA on the plasma membrane of inactive platelets. Moreover, agonist-stimulated platelets were revealed to expose more binding sites than their resting counterparts. Certain subpopulations of platelets that differ in the ability to bind tPA on their surface were also identified. Obtained data are of significant importance for further investigation of mechanisms underlying the role of platelets to regulate fibrinolytic rates.
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White S, Lin L, Hu K. NF-κB and tPA Signaling in Kidney and Other Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E1348. [PMID: 32485860 PMCID: PMC7348801 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a central role in the initiation and progression of inflammation, which contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases including kidney, brain, and other diseases. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine protease regulating homeostasis of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and matrix degradation, has been shown to act as a cytokine to trigger profound receptor-mediated intracellular events, modulate the NF-κB pathway, and mediate organ dysfunction and injury. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of NF-κB and tPA signaling in the development and progression of kidney disease. Their roles in the nervous and cardiovascular system are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Lin
- Nephrology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Kebin Hu
- Nephrology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
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Halder SK, Matsunaga H, Ueda H. Prothymosin alpha and its mimetic hexapeptide improve delayed tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain damage following cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2019; 153:772-789. [PMID: 31454420 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration beyond 4.5 h of stroke symptoms is beneficial for patients but has an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Thus, increasing the therapeutic window of tPA is important for stroke recovery. We previously showed that prothymosin alpha (ProTα) or its mimetic hexapeptide (P6Q) has anti-ischemic activity. Here, we examined the beneficial effects of ProTα or P6Q against delayed tPA-induced brain damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or photochemically induced thrombosis in mice. Brain hemorrhage was observed by tPA administration during reperfusion at 4.5 and 6 h after MCAO. Co-administration of ProTα with tPA at 4.5 h inhibited hemorrhage and motor dysfunction 2-4 days, but not 7 days after MCAO. ProTα administration at 2 and 4.5 h after MCAO significantly inhibited tPA (4.5 h)-induced motor dysfunction and death more than 7 days. Administration of tPA caused the loss of tight junction proteins, zona occulden-1 and occludin, and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9, in a ProTα-reversible manner. P6Q administration abolished tPA (4.5 h)-induced hemorrhage and reversed tPA (6 h)-induced vascular damage and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 up-regulation. Twice administrations of P6Q at 2 h alone and 6 h with tPA significantly improved motor dysfunction more than 7 days. In photochemically induced thrombosis ischemia, similar vascular leakage and neuronal damage (infarction and motor dysfunction) by late tPA (4.5 or 6 h) were also inhibited by P6Q. Thus, these studies suggest that co-administration with ProTα or P6Q would be beneficial to inhibit delayed tPA-induced hemorrhagic mechanisms in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Chen L, Hou J, Fu X, Chen X, Wu J, Han X. tPA promotes the proliferation of lung fibroblasts and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3137-3146. [PMID: 31550972 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1669997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and the most common fatal interstitial lung disease, which is characterized by damaged alveolar structure, the massive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). While the pathogenesis of IPF remains unclear, it has been clearly established that the excessive proliferation of lung fibroblasts is the most direct cause of fibrogenesis. Numerous proliferating fibroblasts form fibrous foci and secrete a large amount of ECM to aggravate the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a kind of serine protease, its main function is to activate zymogens into active enzymes involved in fibrinolysis. Our study found tPA functioned as a cytokine to promote the proliferation of lung fibroblasts through intracellular signaling events involving Erk1/2, p90RSK, GSK-3β phosphorylation, and cyclinD1 induction. We also uncovered that tPA indirectly activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating the GSK-3β phosphorylation level. It's well-known that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, in which the accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm is an important signal of the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study unveiled that tPA can serve as a cytokine involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and be implicated in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
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Hu Y, Barron AO, Gindina S, Kumar S, Chintala S, Nayyar A, Danias J. Investigations on the Role of the Fibrinolytic Pathway on Outflow Facility Regulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1571-1580. [PMID: 30995314 PMCID: PMC6892382 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the role and further dissect pathways downstream of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and the fibrinolytic pathway in modulating outflow facility. Methods Outflow facility of tissue plasminogen activator (Plat) knockout (KO) mice was determined and compared to that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Gene expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (Plau), plasminogen activator inhibitor (Pai-1), plasminogen (Plg), and matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp-2, -9, and -13) was measured in angle tissues. Expression of the same genes and outflow facility were measured in KO and WT mice treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Amiloride was used to inhibit urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in Plat KO mice, and outflow facility was measured. Results Plat deletion resulted in outflow facility reduction and decreased Mmp-9 expression in angle tissues. Plasminogen expression was undetectable in both KO and WT mice. TA led to further reduction in outflow facility and decreases in expression of Plau and Mmp-13 in plat KO mice. Amiloride inhibition of uPA activity prevented the TA-induced outflow facility reduction in Plat KO mice. Conclusions tPA deficiency reduced outflow facility in mice and was associated with reduced MMP expression. The mechanism of action of tPA is unlikely to involve plasminogen activation. tPA is not the only mediator of TA-induced outflow facility change, as TA caused reduction in outflow facility of Plat KO mice. uPA did not substitute for tPA in outflow facility regulation but abrogated the effect of TA in the absence of tPA, suggesting a complex role of components of the fibrinolytic system in outflow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Arturo O Barron
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Sofya Gindina
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Shravan Chintala
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ashima Nayyar
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - John Danias
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
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Montaner J, Ramiro L, Simats A, Hernández-Guillamon M, Delgado P, Bustamante A, Rosell A. Matrix metalloproteinases and ADAMs in stroke. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3117-3140. [PMID: 31165904 PMCID: PMC11105215 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. However, after years of in-depth research, the pathophysiology of stroke is still not fully understood. Increasing evidence shows that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase" (ADAMs) participate in the neuro-inflammatory cascade that is triggered during stroke but also in recovery phases of the disease. This review covers the involvement of these proteins in brain injury following cerebral ischemia which has been widely studied in recent years, with efforts to modulate this group of proteins in neuroprotective therapies, together with their implication in neurorepair mechanisms. Moreover, the review also discusses the role of these proteins in specific forms of neurovascular disease, such as small vessel diseases and intracerebral hemorrhage. Finally, the potential use of MMPs and ADAMs as guiding biomarkers of brain injury and repair for decision-making in cases of stroke is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Ramiro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Kaminari A, Tsilibary EC, Tzinia A. A New Perspective in Utilizing MMP-9 as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1-16. [PMID: 29865065 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) is a 92 kDa type IV collagenase and a member of the family of endopeptidases. MMP-9 is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components, tissue remodeling, cellular receptor stripping, and processing of various signaling molecules. In the CNS, the effects of MMP-9 are quite complex, since it exerts beneficial effects including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, myelogenesis, axonal growth, and inhibition of apoptosis, or destructive effects including apoptosis, blood-brain barrier disorder, and demyelination. Likewise, in the periphery, physiological events, as the involvement of MMP-9 in angiogenesis, for instance in wound healing, can be turned into pathological, such as in tumor metastasis, depending on the state of the organism. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by amyloid accumulation and deposition in the brain. Amyloidogenesis, however, also occurs in diseases of the periphery, such as type II diabetes mellitus, where an analogous type of amyloid, is deposited in the pancreas. Interestingly, both diseases exhibit similar pathology and disease progression, with insulin resistance being a major common denominator. Hence, combinatorial strategies searching new or existing molecules to apply for therapeutic use for both diseases are gaining momentum. MMP-9 is extensively studied due to its association with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Consequently, meticulous design could render MMP-9 into a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus; two seemingly unrelated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Effie C Tsilibary
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Athina Tzinia
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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Luan M, Shi M, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. A gold-selenium-bonded nanoprobe for real-time in situ imaging of the upstream and downstream relationship between uPA and MMP-9 in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5817-5820. [PMID: 31041939 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel Au-Se nanoprobe with remarkable anti-interference ability for glutathione was developed for real-time in situ monitoring of the upstream and downstream regulatory relationship between uPA and MMP-9 proteins in the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Luan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Lin L, Shi C, Sun Z, Le NT, Abe JI, Hu K. The Ser/Thr kinase p90RSK promotes kidney fibrosis by modulating fibroblast-epithelial crosstalk. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9901-9910. [PMID: 31076505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy kidney structure and environment rely on epithelial integrity and interactions between epithelial cells and other kidney cells. The Ser/Thr kinase 90 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p90RSK) belongs to a protein family that regulates many cellular processes, including cell motility and survival. p90RSK is predominantly expressed in the kidney, but its possible role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains largely unknown. Here, we found that p90RSK expression is dramatically activated in a classic mouse obstructive chronic kidney disease model, largely in the interstitial FSP-1-positive fibroblasts. We generated FSP-1-specific p90RSK transgenic mouse (RSK-Tg) and discovered that these mice, after obstructive injury, display significantly increased fibrosis and enhanced tubular epithelial damage compared with their wt littermates (RSK-wt), indicating a role of p90RSK in fibroblast-epithelial communication. We established an in vitro fibroblast-epithelial coculture system with primary kidney fibroblasts from RSK-Tg and RSK-wt mice and found that RSK-Tg fibroblasts consistently produce excessive H2O2 causing epithelial oxidative stress and inducing nuclear translocation of the signaling protein β-catenin. Epithelial accumulation of β-catenin, in turn, promoted epithelial apoptosis by activating the transcription factor forkhead box class O1 (FOXO1). Of note, blockade of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or β-catenin or FOXO1 activity abolished fibroblast p90RSK-mediated epithelial apoptosis. These results make it clear that p90RSK promotes kidney fibrosis by inducing fibroblast-mediated epithelial apoptosis through ROS-mediated activation of β-catenin/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Chaowen Shi
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Kebin Hu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, .,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Potere N, Del Buono MG, Mauro AG, Abbate A, Toldo S. Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 in Cardiac Inflammation and Infarct Healing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:51. [PMID: 31080804 PMCID: PMC6497734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to myocardial cell death and ensuing sterile inflammatory response, which represents an attempt to clear cellular debris and promote cardiac repair. However, an overwhelming, unopposed or unresolved inflammatory response following AMI leads to further injury, worse remodeling and heart failure (HF). Additional therapies are therefore warranted to blunt the inflammatory response associated with ischemia and reperfusion and prevent long-term adverse events. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a ubiquitous endocytic cell surface receptor with the ability to recognize a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse ligands. LRP1 transduces multiple intracellular signal pathways regulating the inflammatory reaction, tissue remodeling and cell survival after organ injury. In preclinical studies, activation of LRP1-mediated signaling in the heart with non-selective and selective LRP1 agonists is linked with a powerful cardioprotective effect, reducing infarct size and cardiac dysfunction after AMI. The data from early phase clinical studies with plasma-derived α1-antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous LRP1 agonist, and SP16 peptide, a synthetic LRP1 agonist, support the translational value of LRP1 as a novel therapeutic target in AMI. In this review, we will summarize the cellular and molecular bases of LRP1 functions in modulating the inflammatory reaction and the reparative process after injury in various peripheral tissues, and discuss recent evidences implicating LRP1 in myocardial inflammation and infarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gabriele Mauro
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Protease-independent action of tissue plasminogen activator in brain plasticity and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9115-9124. [PMID: 30996120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821979116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), currently the only FDA-approved medication for ischemic stroke, exerts important biological actions on the CNS besides its well-known thrombolytic effect. In this study, we investigated the role of tPA on primary neurons in culture and on brain recovery and plasticity after ischemic stroke in mice. Treatment with recombinant tPA stimulated axonal growth in culture, an effect independent of its protease activity and achieved through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. After permanent focal cerebral ischemia, tPA knockout mice developed more severe sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and greater axonal and myelin injury than wild-type mice, suggesting that endogenously expressed tPA promotes long-term neurological recovery after stroke. In tPA knockout mice, intranasal administration of recombinant tPA protein 6 hours poststroke and 7 more times at 2 d intervals mitigated white matter injury, improved axonal conduction, and enhanced neurological recovery. Consistent with the proaxonal growth effects observed in vitro, exogenous tPA delivery increased poststroke axonal sprouting of corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts, which might have contributed to restoration of neurological functions. Notably, recombinant mutant tPA-S478A lacking protease activity (but retaining the EGF-like domain) was as effective as wild-type tPA in rescuing neurological functions in tPA knockout stroke mice. These findings demonstrate that tPA improves long-term functional outcomes in a clinically relevant stroke model, likely by promoting brain plasticity through EGFR signaling. Therefore, treatment with the protease-dead recombinant tPA-S478A holds particular promise as a neurorestorative therapy, as the risk for triggering intracranial hemorrhage is eliminated and tPA-S478A can be delivered intranasally hours after stroke.
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Over-expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related Protein-1 is associated with poor prognosis and invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2019; 19:429-435. [PMID: 30902418 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP-1) has been reported to involve in tumor development. However, its role in pancreatic cancer has not been elucidated. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression of LRP-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cancer (PDAC) as well as its association with prognosis. METHODS Here, 478 pancreatic cancers were screened for suitable primary PDAC tumors. The samples were analyzed using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining as well as LRP-1 expression in association with clinicopathological features. RESULTS The relative LRP-1 mRNA expression was up-regulated in 82.3% (42/51) of the PDAC tumors and its expression (3.72 ± 1.25) was significantly higher than that in pancreatic normal margins (1.0 ± 0.23, P < 0.05). This up-regulation was stage dependent (P < 0.05). A similar pattern of LRP-1 protein expression was discovered (P < 0.05). The high expression of LRP-1 in the PDAC tissues was strongly correlated with the low survival time (P = 0.001), TNM classification (P = 0.001), low differentiations status (P = 0.001), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.01) and Perineural Invasion (PNI) status (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our finding for the first time revealed that LRP-1 expression inversely associated with poor prognosis and PNI in PDAC tumor.
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35
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Bres EE, Faissner A. Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30931303 PMCID: PMC6428713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biological substrate composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that ensures proper cell migration and adhesion and keeps the cell architecture intact. The regulation of the ECM composition is a vital process strictly controlled by, among others, proteases, growth factors and adhesion receptors. As it appears, ECM remodeling is also essential for proper neuronal and glial development and the establishment of adequate synaptic signaling. Hence, disturbances in ECM functioning are often present in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, mutations in ECM molecules are found in some forms of epilepsy and malfunctioning of ECM-related genes and pathways can be seen in, for example, cancer or ischemic injury. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. Lrp1 is involved not only in ligand uptake, receptor mediated endocytosis and lipoprotein transport—functions shared by low density lipoprotein receptor family members—but also regulates cell surface protease activity, controls cellular entry and binding of toxins and viruses, protects against atherosclerosis and acts on many cell signaling pathways. Given the plethora of functions, it is not surprising that Lrp1 also impacts the ECM and is involved in its remodeling. This review focuses on the role of Lrp1 and some of its major ligands on ECM function. Specifically, interactions with two Lrp1 ligands, integrins and tissue plasminogen activator are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E Bres
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Salama Y, Lin SY, Dhahri D, Hattori K, Heissig B. The fibrinolytic factor tPA drives LRP1-mediated melanoma growth and metastasis. FASEB J 2018; 33:3465-3480. [PMID: 30458112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801339rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional endocytic receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1 has recently been identified as a hub within a biomarker network for multicancer clinical outcome prediction. The mechanism how LRP1 modulates cancer progression is poorly understood. In this study we found that LRP1 and one of its ligands, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), are expressed in melanoma cells and control melanoma growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic studies were performed on 2 melanoma cancer cell lines, B16F10 and the B16F1 cells, both of which form primary melanoma tumors, but only B16F10 cells metastasize to the lungs. Tumor-, but not niche cell-derived tPA, enhanced melanoma cell proliferation in tPA-/- mice. Gain-of-function experiments revealed that melanoma LRP1 is critical for tumor growth, recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells into the tumor bed, and metastasis. Melanoma LRP1 was found to enhance ERK activation, resulting in increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 RNA, protein, and secreted activity, a well-known modulator of melanoma metastasis. Restoration of LRP1 and tPA in the less aggressive, poorly metastatic B16F1 tumor cells enhanced tumor cell proliferation and led to massive lung metastasis in murine tumor models. Antimelanoma drug treatment induced tPA and LRP1 expression. tPA or LRP1 knockdown enhanced chemosensitivity in melanoma cells. Our results identify the tPA-LRP1 pathway as a key switch that drives melanoma progression, in part by modulating the cellular composition and proteolytic makeup of the tumor niche. Targeting this pathway may be a novel treatment strategy in combination treatments for melanoma.-Salama, Y., Lin, S.-Y., Dhahri, D., Hattori, K., Heissig, B. The fibrinolytic factor tPA drives LRP1-mediated melanoma growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Shiou-Yuh Lin
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Douaa Dhahri
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Atopy (Allergy) Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Lu D, Mai HC, Liang YB, Xu BD, Xu AD, Zhang YS. Beneficial Role of Rosuvastatin in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage Following Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:926. [PMID: 30186167 PMCID: PMC6110873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage transformation is the most challenging preventable complication in thrombolytic therapy and is related to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage. Intraperitoneal injections of normal or high doses of rosuvastatin were administered to Balb/c mice 20 min prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery for 3 h followed by reperfusion with rt-PA thrombolytic therapy and cerebral blood flow monitoring to investigate whether a high or normal dose of rosuvastatin reduces BBB damage after brain ischemia and rt-PA reperfusion. The integrity of the BBB was ameliorated by normal and high doses of rosuvastatin as determined from Evans blue staining, ultrastructure assessments and immunochemistry at 24 h after reperfusion. The levels of TJ proteins were preserved, potentially by targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) to inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase proteins (MMPs) by reducing the levels of phosphorylated c-jun-N-terminal kinase (pJNK), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 (pP38) and increasing the levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (pERK), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as inferred from Western blotting and molecular docking analyses. In summary, rosuvastatin reduced rt-PA therapy-associated BBB permeability by PDGFR-α- and LRP1-associated MAPK pathways to reduce the mortality of mice, and a normal dose of rosuvastatin exerted greater preventative effects on reducing BBB damage than did a high dose in the time window of thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Mai
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Bin Liang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Dong Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Ding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Ito Y, Noguchi K, Morishima Y, Yamaguchi K. Generation and characterization of tissue-type plasminogen activator transgenic rats. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 45:77-87. [PMID: 29168147 PMCID: PMC5756269 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-017-1582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To address a species difference in the responsiveness to human recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) between rats and humans, tPA transgenic (Tg) rats were generated and characterized. In the rats, transcriptional regulation of tPA was designed under the control of the endogenous tPA promoter. There were no significant differences in hematological parameters between the tPA Tg and non Tg rats. Plasma tPA concentration was significantly increased and serum free PAI-1 was significantly decreased in the tPA Tg rats. Significant overexpression of tPA mRNA in five major organs was also confirmed in the tPA Tg rats. In contrast, the extent of tPA mRNA induction by pathophysiological stimuli (focal cerebral ischemia) was comparable in the two strains. Earlier increase in the plasma D-Dimer level was observed in the tPA Tg rats in a model of thromboembolism compared with the non Tg rats. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant prolongation of bleeding time in a rat model of bleeding between the two strains. rt-PA showed dose-related blood flow restoration in a rat model of thromboembolic stroke in the tPA Tg rats from a dose (1 mg/kg, i.v.) similar to clinical doses for human stroke patients. In conclusion, tPA Tg rats, in which tPA is overexpressed and endogenous fibrinolytic activity is enhanced without hemostatic abnormality, were generated. tPA Tg rats would be beneficial for the pharmacological and the toxicological evaluation of rt-PA and other various fibrinolytic enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ito
- Rare Disease & LCM Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Kengo Noguchi
- Pharmacovigilance Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kyoji Yamaguchi
- Rare Disease & LCM Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
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41
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Yu LR, Sun J, Daniels JR, Cao Z, Schnackenberg L, Choudhury D, Palevsky PM, Ma JZ, Beger RD, Portilla D. Aptamer-Based Proteomics Identifies Mortality-Associated Serum Biomarkers in Dialysis-Dependent AKI Patients. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:1202-1213. [PMID: 30197987 PMCID: PMC6127416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, no effective therapies exist to reduce the high mortality associated with dialysis-dependent acute kidney injury (AKI-D). Serum biomarkers may be useful in understanding the pathophysiological processes involved with AKI and the severity of injury, and point to novel therapeutic targets. Methods Study day 1 serum samples from 100 patients and day 8 samples from 107 patients enrolled in the Veteran’s Affairs/National Institutes of Health Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study were analyzed by the slow off-rate modified aptamers scan proteomic platform to profile 1305 proteins in each sample. Patients in each cohort were classified into tertiles based on baseline biomarker measurements. Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between serum levels of each biomarker and mortality. Results Changes in the serum levels of 54 proteins, 33 of which increased and 21 of which decreased, were detected when comparing samples of patients who died in the first 8 days versus patients who survived >8 days. Among the 33 proteins that increased, higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-8), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, when stratified by tertiles, were associated with higher mortality. The association with mortality persisted for each of these proteins after adjusting for other potential risk factors, including age, sex, cardiovascular sequential organ failure assessment score, congestive heart failure, and presence of diabetes. Upper tertile levels of FGF23, tPA, and interleukin-6 on day 8 were associated with increased mortality; however, FGF23 barely lost significance after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions Our results underscore an emerging proteomics tool capable of identifying low-abundance serum proteins important not only in the pathogenesis of AKI-D, but which is also helpful in discriminating AKI-D patients with high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
- Dr Jinchun Sun Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Jaclyn R. Daniels
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laura Schnackenberg
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Devasmita Choudhury
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul M. Palevsky
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard D. Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Didier Portilla
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia, USA
- Correspondence: Didier Portilla, University of Virginia, PO Box 800133, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Lempiäinen H, Brænne I, Michoel T, Tragante V, Vilne B, Webb TR, Kyriakou T, Eichner J, Zeng L, Willenborg C, Franzen O, Ruusalepp A, Goel A, van der Laan SW, Biegert C, Hamby S, Talukdar HA, Foroughi Asl H, Pasterkamp G, Watkins H, Samani NJ, Wittenberger T, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Asselbergs FW, Björkegren JLM. Network analysis of coronary artery disease risk genes elucidates disease mechanisms and druggable targets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3434. [PMID: 29467471 PMCID: PMC5821758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over two hundred chromosomal loci that modulate risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The genes affected by variants at these loci are largely unknown and an untapped resource to improve our understanding of CAD pathophysiology and identify potential therapeutic targets. Here, we prioritized 68 genes as the most likely causal genes at genome-wide significant loci identified by GWAS of CAD and examined their regulatory roles in 286 metabolic and vascular tissue gene-protein sub-networks (“modules”). The modules and genes within were scored for CAD druggability potential. The scoring enriched for targets of cardiometabolic drugs currently in clinical use and in-depth analysis of the top-scoring modules validated established and revealed novel target tissues, biological processes, and druggable targets. This study provides an unprecedented resource of tissue-defined gene–protein interactions directly affected by genetic variance in CAD risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Michoel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baiba Vilne
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Theodosios Kyriakou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Oscar Franzen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Anuj Goel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen Hamby
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Husain A Talukdar
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hassan Foroughi Asl
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA. .,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden.
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43
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Al-Awadhi FH, Law BK, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Grassystatins D-F, Potent Aspartic Protease Inhibitors from Marine Cyanobacteria as Potential Antimetastatic Agents Targeting Invasive Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2969-2986. [PMID: 29087712 PMCID: PMC5764543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three new modified peptides named grassystatins D-F (1-3) were discovered from a marine cyanobacterium from Guam. Their structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The hallmark structural feature in the peptides is a statine unit, which contributes to their aspartic protease inhibitory activity preferentially targeting cathepsins D and E. Grassystatin F (3) was the most potent analogue, with IC50 values of 50 and 0.5 nM against cathepsins D and E, respectively. The acidic tumor microenvironment is known to increase the activation of some of the lysosomal proteases associated with tumor metastasis such as cathepsins. Because cathepsin D is a biomarker in aggressive forms of breast cancer and linked to poor prognosis, the effects of cathepsin D inhibition by 1 and 3 on the downstream cellular substrates cystatin C and PAI-1 were investigated. Furthermore, the functional relevance of targeting cathepsin D substrates was evaluated by examining the effect of 1 and 3 on the migration of MDA-MD-231 cells. Grassystatin F (3) inhibited the cleavage of cystatin C and PAI-1, the activities of their downstream targets cysteine cathepsins and tPA, and the migration of the highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer cells, phenocopying the effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of cathepsin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H. Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Brian K. Law
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Lin L, Hu K. Tissue-type plasminogen activator modulates macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change through annexin A2-mediated NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88094-88103. [PMID: 29152144 PMCID: PMC5675696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage accumulation is one of the hallmarks of progressive kidney disease. In response to injury, macrophages undergo a phenotypic polarization to become two functionally distinct subsets: M1 and M2 macrophages. Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process, and recent work indicates that macrophages, in response to kidney injury, can shift their polarity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), a protease up-regulated in the chronically injured kidneys, has been shown to preferably promote M1 macrophage accumulation and renal inflammation. We hypothesized that tPA may be an endogenous factor that modulates macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change contributing to the accumulation of M1 macrophages in the injured kidneys. It was found that obstruction-induced renal M1 chemokine expression was alleviated in tPA knockout mice, and these knockout mice displayed increased M2 markers. In vitro, resting J774 macrophages were treated with IL-4 to induce M2 phenotype as indicated by de novo expression of arginase 1, Ym1, and IL-10, as well as suppression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Intriguingly, these IL-4-induced M2 macrophages, after tPA treatment, not only lost their M2 markers such as arginase 1, Ym1, and IL-10, but also displayed increased M1 chemokines including iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Possible endotoxin contamination was also excluded as heat-inactivated tPA lost its effect. Additionally, tPA-mediated macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change required its receptor annexin A2, and SN50, a specific NF-κB inhibitor, abolished tPA's effect. Thus, it's clear that tPA promotes macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change through annexin A2-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kebin Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Armstead WM, Hekierski H, Yarovoi S, Higazi AAR, Cines DB. tPA variant tPA-A 296-299 Prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation and necrosis of hippocampal neurons after stroke by inhibiting upregulation of ET-1. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:128-137. [PMID: 28703856 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is neurotoxic and exacerbates uncoupling of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism after stroke, yet it remains the sole FDA-approved drug for treatment of ischemic stroke. Upregulation of c-Jun-terminal kinase (JNK) after stroke contributes to tPA-mediated impairment of autoregulation, but the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) is unknown. Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale, impaired autoregulation is linked to adverse outcomes after TBI, but correlation with hippocampal histopathology after stroke has not been established. We propose that given after stroke, tPA activates N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDA-Rs) and upregulates ET-1 in a JNK dependent manner, imparing autoregulation and leading to histopathology. After stroke, CBF was reduced in the hippocampus and reduced further during hypotension, which did not occur in hypotensive sham pigs, indicating impairment of autoregulation. Autoregulation and necrosis of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons were further impaired by tPA, but were preserved by the ET-1 antagonist BQ 123 and tPA-A,296-299 a variant that is fibrinolytic but does not bind to NMDA-Rs. Expression of ET-1 was increased by stroke and potentiated by tPA but returned to sham levels by tPA-A296-299 and the JNK antagonist SP600125. Results show that JNK releases ET-1 after stroke. Tissue-type plasminogen activator -A296-299 prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation and histopathology after stroke by inhibiting upregulation of ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Armstead
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, l9l04.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, l9l04
| | - Hugh Hekierski
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, l9l04
| | - Serge Yarovoi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, l9l04
| | - Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, l9l04.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Douglas B Cines
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, l9l04
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Lockyer P, Mao H, Fan Q, Li L, Yu-Lee LY, Eissa NT, Patterson C, Xie L, Pi X. LRP1-Dependent BMPER Signaling Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Vascular Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1524-1535. [PMID: 28596374 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)-mediated sepsis involves dysregulated systemic inflammation, which injures the lung and other organs, often fatally. Vascular endothelial cells act as both targets and mediators of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses. Dysfunction of endothelium results in increases of proinflammatory cytokine production and permeability leakage. BMPER (bone morphogenetic protein-binding endothelial regulator), an extracellular modulator of bone morphogenetic protein signaling, has been identified as a vital component in chronic endothelial inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether BMPER also regulates inflammatory response in an acute setting such as sepsis. To address this question, we investigated the role of BMPER during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice missing 1 allele of BMPER (BMPER+/- mice used in the place of BMPER-/- mice that die at birth) were used for lipopolysaccharide challenge. Lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury was reduced in BMPER+/- mice as shown by several measures, including survival rate, infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that BMPER is required and sufficient for the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1. This BMPER-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells activation is coordinated by multiple signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein-independent low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, calcineurin signaling, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1β-mediated nuclear factor 45 nuclear export in response to BMPER treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that BMPER plays a pivotal role in pulmonary inflammatory response, which provides new therapeutic options against sepsis shock. The new signaling pathway initiated by BMPER/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 axis broadens our understanding about BMPER's role in vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lockyer
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Hua Mao
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Qiying Fan
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Luge Li
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - N Tony Eissa
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.)
| | - Xinchun Pi
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P.L.); Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Cardiovascular Research Institute (H.M., Q.F., L.L., L.X., X.P.), Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (L.Y.Y.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology (N.T.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.P.).
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Mao H, Xie L, Pi X. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Signaling in Angiogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:34. [PMID: 28589128 PMCID: PMC5438976 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) plays multifunctional roles in lipid homeostasis, signaling transduction, and endocytosis. It has been recognized as an endocytic receptor for many ligands and is involved in the signaling pathways of many growth factors or cytokines. Dysregulation of LRP1-dependent signaling events contributes to the development of pathophysiologic processes such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and coagulation. Interestingly, recent studies have linked LRP1 with endothelial function and angiogenesis, which has been underappreciated for a long time. During zebrafish embryonic development, LRP1 is required for the formation of vascular network, especially for the venous development. LRP1 depletion in the mouse embryo proper leads to angiogenic defects and disruption of endothelial integrity. Moreover, in a mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy model, specific depletion of LRP1 in endothelial cells results in abnormal development of neovessels. These loss-of-function studies suggest that LRP1 plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis. The review addresses the recent advances in the roles of LRP1-dependent signaling during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Mao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinchun Pi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Parrish AR. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:31-65. [PMID: 28662825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large family of proteinases. In addition to a fundamental role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, they also cleave a number of cell surface proteins and are involved in multiple cellular processes. MMP activity is regulated via numerous mechanisms, including inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Similar to MMPs, a role for TIMPs has been established in multiple cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of MMPs and TIMPS in renal pathophysiology has long been recognized, and with the generation of specific knockout mice, the mechanistic role of several MMPs and TIMPs is becoming more understood and has revealed both pathogenic and protective roles. This chapter will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition, we will summarize studies suggesting that MMPs and TIMPs may be biomarkers of renal dysfunction and represent novel therapeutic targets to attenuate kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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Kim SY, Cheon SY, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kam EH, Kim JM, Park M, Koo BN. Isoflurane Postconditioning Inhibits tPA-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation After Hypoxic Injury via Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1533-1542. [PMID: 28303501 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only recommended pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA can induce intracerebral hemorrhage by blood-brain barrier breakdown through an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously, we showed that isoflurane postconditioning reduced intracranial hemorrhage following tPA treatment after cerebral ischemia. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in brain endothelial cells. Mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were exposed to 6 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation and 3 h of reoxygenation with tPA. Cells were treated with isoflurane for 1 h of the reoxygenation condition and the effect of isoflurane postconditioning on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation was assessed. Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-κB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Isoflurane postconditioning decreased tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation under H/R. tPA treatment under H/R increased expression of LRP and the active form of NF-κB. Isoflurane postconditioning suppressed LRP expression, increased ERK-1/2 activation, and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, comparable to the effect of RAP. Activation of ERK-1/2, inhibition of NF-κB activation, and suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation by isoflurane postconditioning were abolished with PD98059 treatment. These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-κB pathway in bEnd.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Cheon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Cheng Y, Loh YP, Birch NP. Neuroserpin Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal Neurons via AKT and BCL-2 Signaling Pathways. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:123-131. [PMID: 27510267 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in neuronal injury and is associated with various neurological diseases. Here, we explored the potential protective effect of neuroserpin against oxidative stress in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Our results show that neuroserpin inhibits H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal cultures as measured by WST, LDH release, and TUNEL assays. We found that neuroserpin enhanced the activation of AKT in cultures subjected to oxidative stress and that the AKT inhibitor Ly294002 blocked this neuroprotective effect. Neuroserpin increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and blocked the activation of caspase-3. Neuroserpin did not increase the level of neuroprotection over levels seen in neurons transduced with a BCL-2 expression vector, and an inhibitor of Trk receptors, K252a, did not block neuroserpin's effect. Taken together, our study demonstrates that neuroserpin protects against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction and death of primary cultured hippocampal neurons through the AKT-BCL-2 signaling pathway through a mechanism that does not involve the Trk receptors and leads to inhibition of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research and Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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