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Valdivia A, Avalos AM, Leyton L. Thy-1 (CD90)-regulated cell adhesion and migration of mesenchymal cells: insights into adhesomes, mechanical forces, and signaling pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221306. [PMID: 38099295 PMCID: PMC10720913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration depend on the assembly and disassembly of adhesive structures known as focal adhesions. Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and form these structures via receptors, such as integrins and syndecans, which initiate signal transduction pathways that bridge the ECM to the cytoskeleton, thus governing adhesion and migration processes. Integrins bind to the ECM and soluble or cell surface ligands to form integrin adhesion complexes (IAC), whose composition depends on the cellular context and cell type. Proteomic analyses of these IACs led to the curation of the term adhesome, which is a complex molecular network containing hundreds of proteins involved in signaling, adhesion, and cell movement. One of the hallmarks of these IACs is to sense mechanical cues that arise due to ECM rigidity, as well as the tension exerted by cell-cell interactions, and transduce this force by modifying the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell migration. Among the integrin/syndecan cell surface ligands, we have described Thy-1 (CD90), a GPI-anchored protein that possesses binding domains for each of these receptors and, upon engaging them, stimulates cell adhesion and migration. In this review, we examine what is currently known about adhesomes, revise how mechanical forces have changed our view on the regulation of cell migration, and, in this context, discuss how we have contributed to the understanding of signaling mechanisms that control cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ana María Avalos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Franz F, Tapia-Rojo R, Winograd-Katz S, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Li W, Unger T, Albeck S, Aponte-Santamaria C, Garcia-Manyes S, Medalia O, Geiger B, Gräter F. Allosteric activation of vinculin by talin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4311. [PMID: 37463895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The talin-vinculin axis is a key mechanosensing component of cellular focal adhesions. How talin and vinculin respond to forces and regulate one another remains unclear. By combining single-molecule magnetic tweezers experiments, Molecular Dynamics simulations, actin-bundling assays, and adhesion assembly experiments in live cells, we here describe a two-ways allosteric network within vinculin as a regulator of the talin-vinculin interaction. We directly observe a maturation process of vinculin upon talin binding, which reinforces the binding to talin at a rate of 0.03 s-1. This allosteric transition can compete with force-induced dissociation of vinculin from talin only at forces up to 10 pN. Mimicking the allosteric activation by mutation yields a vinculin molecule that bundles actin and localizes to focal adhesions in a force-independent manner. Hence, the allosteric switch confines talin-vinculin interactions and focal adhesion build-up to intermediate force levels. The 'allosteric vinculin mutant' is a valuable molecular tool to further dissect the mechanical and biochemical signalling circuits at focal adhesions and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Franz
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, UK.
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
| | - Sabina Winograd-Katz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Wenhong Li
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- The Dana and Yossie Hollander Center for Structural Proteomics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Albeck
- The Dana and Yossie Hollander Center for Structural Proteomics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaria
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- IMSEAM, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Venturini C, Sáez P. A multi-scale clutch model for adhesion complex mechanics. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011250. [PMID: 37450544 PMCID: PMC10393167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion is a central mechanical function to a large number of phenomena in physiology and disease, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor cell invasion. Today, how single cells respond to different extracellular cues has been comprehensively studied. However, how the mechanical behavior of the main individual molecules that form an adhesion complex cooperatively responds to force within the adhesion complex is still poorly understood. This is a key aspect of cell adhesion because how these cell adhesion molecules respond to force determines not only cell adhesion behavior but, ultimately, cell function. To answer this question, we develop a multi-scale computational model for adhesion complexes mechanics. We extend the classical clutch hypothesis to model individual adhesion chains made of a contractile actin network, a talin rod, and an integrin molecule that binds at individual adhesion sites on the extracellular matrix. We explore several scenarios of integrins dynamics and analyze the effects of diverse extracellular matrices on the behavior of the adhesion molecules and on the whole adhesion complex. Our results describe how every single component of the adhesion chain mechanically responds to the contractile actomyosin force and show how they control the traction forces exerted by the cell on the extracellular space. Importantly, our computational results agree with previous experimental data at the molecular and cellular levels. Our multi-scale clutch model presents a step forward not only to further understand adhesion complexes mechanics but also to impact, e.g., the engineering of biomimetic materials, tissue repairment, or strategies to arrest tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Venturini
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sáez
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería de Caminos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemàtiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Dai Y, Ignatyeva N, Xu H, Wali R, Toischer K, Brandenburg S, Lenz C, Pronto J, Fakuade FE, Sossalla S, Zeisberg EM, Janshoff A, Kutschka I, Voigt N, Urlaub H, Rasmussen TB, Mogensen J, Lehnart SE, Hasenfuss G, Ebert A. An Alternative Mechanism of Subcellular Iron Uptake Deficiency in Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2023; 133:e19-e46. [PMID: 37313752 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic defects in intestinal iron absorption, circulation, and retention cause iron deficiency in 50% of patients with heart failure. Defective subcellular iron uptake mechanisms that are independent of systemic absorption are incompletely understood. The main intracellular route for iron uptake in cardiomyocytes is clathrin-mediated endocytosis. METHODS We investigated subcellular iron uptake mechanisms in patient-derived and CRISPR/Cas-edited induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as well as patient-derived heart tissue. We used an integrated platform of DIA-MA (mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition)-based proteomics and signaling pathway interrogation. We employed a genetic induced pluripotent stem cell model of 2 inherited mutations (TnT [troponin T]-R141W and TPM1 [tropomyosin 1]-L185F) that lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a frequent cause of heart failure, to study the underlying molecular dysfunctions of DCM mutations. RESULTS We identified a druggable molecular pathomechanism of impaired subcellular iron deficiency that is independent of systemic iron metabolism. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis defects as well as impaired endosome distribution and cargo transfer were identified as a basis for subcellular iron deficiency in DCM-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis defects were also confirmed in the hearts of patients with DCM with end-stage heart failure. Correction of the TPM1-L185F mutation in DCM patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, treatment with a peptide, Rho activator II, or iron supplementation rescued the molecular disease pathway and recovered contractility. Phenocopying the effects of the TPM1-L185F mutation into WT induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes could be ameliorated by iron supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that impaired endocytosis and cargo transport resulting in subcellular iron deficiency could be a relevant pathomechanism for patients with DCM carrying inherited mutations. Insight into this molecular mechanism may contribute to the development of treatment strategies and risk management in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Nadezda Ignatyeva
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Hang Xu
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Ruheen Wali
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Karl Toischer
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sören Brandenburg
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, (C.L., H.U.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen (C.L., H.U.)
| | - Julius Pronto
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, (J.P., F.E.F., N.V.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Funsho E Fakuade
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, (J.P., F.E.F., N.V.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg (S.S.)
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (A.J.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen (I.K.)
| | - Niels Voigt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, (J.P., F.E.F., N.V.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, (C.L., H.U.), University of Goettingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen (C.L., H.U.)
| | | | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark (J.M.)
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC; C.L., F.E.F., N.V., S.E.L.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen (K.T., S.B., S.S., G.H.), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Antje Ebert
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., S.S., E.M.Z., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Germany (Y.D., N.I., H.X., R.W., K.T., S.B., C.L., J.P., F.E.F., E.M.Z., I.K., N.V., S.E.L., G.H., A.E.)
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Zhang W, Wu Y, J Gunst S. Membrane adhesion junctions regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype and function. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2321-2347. [PMID: 36796098 PMCID: PMC10243546 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The local environment surrounding airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells has profound effects on the physiological and phenotypic properties of ASM tissues. ASM is continually subjected to the mechanical forces generated during breathing and to the constituents of its surrounding extracellular milieu. The smooth muscle cells within the airways continually modulate their properties to adapt to these changing environmental influences. Smooth muscle cells connect to the extracellular cell matrix (ECM) at membrane adhesion junctions that provide mechanical coupling between smooth muscle cells within the tissue. Membrane adhesion junctions also sense local environmental signals and transduce them to cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling pathways in the ASM cell. Adhesion junctions are composed of clusters of transmembrane integrin proteins that bind to ECM proteins outside the cell and to large multiprotein complexes in the submembranous cytoplasm. Physiological conditions and stimuli from the surrounding ECM are sensed by integrin proteins and transduced by submembranous adhesion complexes to signaling pathways to the cytoskeleton and nucleus. The transmission of information between the local environment of the cells and intracellular processes enables ASM cells to rapidly adapt their physiological properties to modulating influences in their extracellular environment: mechanical and physical forces that impinge on the cell, ECM constituents, local mediators, and metabolites. The structure and molecular organization of adhesion junction complexes and the actin cytoskeleton are dynamic and constantly changing in response to environmental influences. The ability of ASM to rapidly accommodate to the ever-changing conditions and fluctuating physical forces within its local environment is essential for its normal physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Geiger B, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Winograd-Katz SE, Balan Venghateri J, Chung WL, Medalia O. The Actin Network Interfacing Diverse Integrin-Mediated Adhesions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020294. [PMID: 36830665 PMCID: PMC9953007 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interface between the cellular actin network and diverse forms of integrin-mediated cell adhesions displays a unique capacity to serve as accurate chemical and mechanical sensors of the cell's microenvironment. Focal adhesion-like structures of diverse cell types, podosomes in osteoclasts, and invadopodia of invading cancer cells display distinct morphologies and apparent functions. Yet, all three share a similar composition and mode of coupling between a protrusive structure (the lamellipodium, the core actin bundle of the podosome, and the invadopodia protrusion, respectively), and a nearby adhesion site. Cytoskeletal or external forces, applied to the adhesion sites, trigger a cascade of unfolding and activation of key adhesome components (e.g., talin, vinculin, integrin), which in turn, trigger the assembly of adhesion sites and generation of adhesion-mediated signals that affect cell behavior and fate. The structural and molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and the adhesome network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabina E. Winograd-Katz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jubina Balan Venghateri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (O.M.)
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Complete Model of Vinculin Suggests the Mechanism of Activation by Helical Super-Bundle Unfurling. Protein J 2022; 41:55-70. [PMID: 35006498 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To shed light onto the activation mechanism of vinculin, we carried out a detailed refinement of chicken vinculin and compared it to the human protein which is greater than 95% identical. Refinement resulted in a complete and significantly improved model. This model includes important elements such as a pro-rich strap region (PRR) and C-terminus. The conformation of the PRR stabilized by its inter- and intra-molecular contacts shows a dynamic, but relatively stable motif that constitutes a docking platform for multiple molecules. The contact of the C-terminus with the PRR suggests that phosphorylation of Tyr1065 might control activation and membrane binding. Improved electron densities showed the presence of large solvent molecules such as phosphates/sulfates and a head-group of PIP2. The improved model allowed for a computational stability analysis to be performed by the program Corex/Best which located numerous hot-spots of increased and decreased stability. Proximity of the identified binding sites for regulatory partners involved in inducing or suppressing the activation of vinculin to the unstable elements sheds new light onto the activation pathway and differential activation. This stability analysis suggests that the activation pathway proceeds by unfurling of the super-bundle built from four bundles of helices without separation of the Vt region (840-1066) from the head. According to our mechanism, when activating proteins bind at the strap region a separation of N and C terminal bundles occurs, followed by unfurling of the super-bundle and flattening of the general shape of the molecule, which exposes the interaction sites for binding of auxiliary proteins.
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8
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Wang Y, Yao M, Baker KB, Gough RE, Le S, Goult BT, Yan J. Force-Dependent Interactions between Talin and Full-Length Vinculin. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14726-14737. [PMID: 34463480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Talin and vinculin are part of a multicomponent system involved in mechanosensing in cell-matrix adhesions. Both exist in autoinhibited forms, and activation of vinculin requires binding to mechanically activated talin, yet how forces affect talin's interaction with vinculin has not been investigated. Here by quantifying the kinetics of force-dependent talin-vinculin interactions using single-molecule analysis, we show that mechanical exposure of a single vinculin binding site (VBS) in talin is sufficient to relieve the autoinhibition of vinculin, resulting in high-affinity binding. We provide evidence that the vinculin undergoes dynamic fluctuations between an autoinhibited closed conformation and an open conformation that is stabilized upon binding to the VBS. Furthermore, we discover an additional level of regulation in which the mechanically exposed VBS binds vinculin significantly more tightly than the isolated VBS alone. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the basis of this new regulatory mechanism, identifying a sensitive force-dependent change in the conformation of an exposed VBS that modulates binding. Together, these results provide a comprehensive understanding of how the interplay between force and autoinhibition provides exquisite complexity within this major mechanosensing axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Karen B Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | | | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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9
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Addis DR, Aggarwal S, Doran SF, Jian MY, Ahmad I, Kojima K, Ford DA, Matalon S, Mobley JA. Vascular permeability disruption explored in the proteomes of mouse lungs and human microvascular cells following acute bromine exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L337-L359. [PMID: 32579402 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00196.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromine (Br2) is an organohalide found in nature and is integral to many manufacturing processes. Br2 is toxic to living organisms, and high concentrations can prove fatal. To meet industrial demand, large amounts of purified Br2 are produced, transported, and stored worldwide, providing a multitude of interfaces for potential human exposure through either accidents or terrorism. To identify the key mechanisms associated with acute Br2 exposure, we have surveyed the lung proteomes of C57BL/6 male mice and human lung-derived microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) at 24 h following exposure to Br2 in concentrations likely to be encountered in the vicinity of industrial accidents. Global discovery proteomics applications combined with systems biology analysis identified robust and highly significant changes in proteins associated with three biological processes: 1) exosome secretion, 2) inflammation, and 3) vascular permeability. We focused on the latter, conducting physiological studies on isolated perfused lungs harvested from mice 24 h after Br2 exposure. These experiments revealed significant increases in the filtration coefficient (Kf) indicating increased permeability of the pulmonary vasculature. Similarly, confluent monolayers of Br2 and Br-lipid-treated HMECs exhibited differential levels of zona occludens-1 that were found to be dissociated from cell wall localization, an increase in phosphorylation and internalization of E-cadherin, as well as increased actin stress fiber formation, all of which are consistent with increased permeability. Taken as a whole, our discovery proteomics and systems analysis workflow, combined with physiological measurements of permeability, revealed both profound and novel biological changes that contribute to our current understanding of Br2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Addis
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen F Doran
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ming-Yuan Jian
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James A Mobley
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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10
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Gaetani R, Zizzi EA, Deriu MA, Morbiducci U, Pesce M, Messina E. When Stiffness Matters: Mechanosensing in Heart Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:334. [PMID: 32671058 PMCID: PMC7326078 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic morphogenesis, the heart undergoes a complex series of cellular phenotypic maturations (e.g., transition of myocytes from proliferative to quiescent or maturation of the contractile apparatus), and this involves stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) acting in concert with morphogenetic signals. The maladaptive remodeling of the myocardium, one of the processes involved in determination of heart failure, also involves mechanical cues, with a progressive stiffening of the tissue that produces cellular mechanical damage, inflammation, and ultimately myocardial fibrosis. The assessment of the biomechanical dependence of the molecular machinery (in myocardial and non-myocardial cells) is therefore essential to contextualize the maturation of the cardiac tissue at early stages and understand its pathologic evolution in aging. Because systems to perform multiscale modeling of cellular and tissue mechanics have been developed, it appears particularly novel to design integrated mechano-molecular models of heart development and disease to be tested in ex vivo reconstituted cells/tissue-mimicking conditions. In the present contribution, we will discuss the latest implication of mechanosensing in heart development and pathology, describe the most recent models of cell/tissue mechanics, and delineate novel strategies to target the consequences of heart failure with personalized approaches based on tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric Adriano Zizzi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Agostino Deriu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino," IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Umberto I" Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Abstract
![]()
Life is an emergent property of transient
interactions between
biomolecules and other organic and inorganic molecules that somehow
leads to harmony and order. Measurement and quantitation of these
biological interactions are of value to scientists and are major goals
of biochemistry, as affinities provide insight into biological processes.
In an organism, these interactions occur in the context of forces
and the need for a consideration of binding affinities in the context
of a changing mechanical landscape necessitates a new way to consider
the biochemistry of protein–protein interactions. In the past
few decades, the field of mechanobiology has exploded, as both the
appreciation of, and the technical advances required to facilitate
the study of, how forces impact biological processes have become evident.
The aim of this review is to introduce the concept of force dependence
of biomolecular interactions and the requirement to be able to measure
force-dependent binding constants. The focus of this discussion will
be on the mechanotransduction that occurs at the integrin-mediated
adhesions with the extracellular matrix and the major mechanosensors
talin and vinculin. However, the approaches that the cell uses to
sense and respond to forces can be applied to other systems, and this
therefore provides a general discussion of the force dependence of
biomolecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences , University of Kent , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NJ , U.K
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12
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Chin IL, Hool L, Choi YS. A Review of in vitro Platforms for Understanding Cardiomyocyte Mechanobiology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:133. [PMID: 31231644 PMCID: PMC6560053 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology—a cell's interaction with its physical environment—can influence a myriad of cellular processes including how cells migrate, differentiate and proliferate. In many diseases, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed such as tissue stiffening in rigid scar formation after myocardial infarct. Utilizing knowledge of cell mechanobiology in relation to ECM remodeling during pathogenesis, elucidating the role of the ECM in the progression—and perhaps regression—of disease is a primary focus of the field. Although the importance of mechanical signaling in the cardiac cell is well-appreciated, our understanding of how these signals are sensed and transduced by cardiomyocytes is limited. To overcome this limitation, recently developed tools and resources have provided exciting opportunities to further our understandings by better recapitulating pathological spatiotemporal ECM stiffness changes in an in vitro setting. In this review, we provide an overview of a conventional model of mechanotransduction and present understandings of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology, followed by a review of emerging tools and resources that can be used to expand our knowledge of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology toward more clinically relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Chin
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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13
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Kelly GT, Faraj R, Zhang Y, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Black SM, Wang T. Pulmonary Endothelial Mechanical Sensing and Signaling, a Story of Focal Adhesions and Integrins in Ventilator Induced Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:511. [PMID: 31105595 PMCID: PMC6498899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical illness such as acute lung injury often undergo mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Though lifesaving in many instances, mechanical ventilation often results in ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), characterized by overdistension of lung tissue leading to release of edemagenic agents, which further damage the lung and contribute to the mortality and progression of pulmonary inflammation. The endothelium is particularly sensitive, as VILI associated mechanical stress results in endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress fiber formation, and integrity loss. At the heart of these changes are integrin tethered focal adhesions (FAs) which participate in mechanosensing, structure, and signaling. Here, we present the known roles of FA proteins including c-Src, talin, FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and integrins in the sensing and response to cyclic stretch and VILI associated stress. Attention is given to how stretch is propagated from the extracellular matrix through integrins to talin and other FA proteins, as well as signaling cascades that include FA proteins, leading to stress fiber formation and other cellular responses. This unifying picture of FAs aids our understanding in an effort to prevent and treat VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Reem Faraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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14
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Xia S, Yim EKF, Kanchanawong P. Molecular Organization of Integrin-Based Adhesion Complexes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3828-3842. [PMID: 33438423 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment serves as an important factor influencing stem cell differentiation. Mechanobiological responses depend strongly on actomyosin contractility and integrin-based cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions mediated by adhesive structures such as focal adhesions (FAs). While the roles of FAs in mechanobiology have been intensively studied in many mesenchymal and migratory cell types, recently it has been recognized that certain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibited significantly attenuated FA-mediated mechanobiological responses. FAs in such PSCs are sparsely distributed and much less prominent in comparison to "classical" FAs of typical adherent cells. Despite these differences, insights into how FAs in PSCs are structurally organized to perform their functions are still elusive. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to study PSC-ECM interactions, here we surveyed the molecular composition and nanostructural organization of FAs. We found that, despite being small in size, mESC FAs appeared to be compositionally mature, containing markers such as vinculin, zyxin, and α-actinin, and dependent on myosin II contractility. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed that mESC FAs were organized into a conserved multilayer nanoscale architecture. However, the nanodomain organization was compressed in mESCs, with the force transduction layer spanning ∼10 nm, significantly more compact than in FAs of other cell types. Furthermore, we found that the position and orientation of vinculin, a key mechanotransduction protein, were modulated in an ECM-dependent manner. Our analysis also revealed that while most core FA genes were expressed, the expression of LIM domain proteins was comparatively lower in PSCs. Altogether our results suggest that while core structural and mechanosensitive elements are operational in mESC FAs, their structural organization and regulatory aspects may diverge significantly from "classical" FAs, which may account for the attenuated mechanobiological responses of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xia
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
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15
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Onochie OE, Zollinger A, Rich CB, Smith M, Trinkaus-Randall V. Epithelial cells exert differential traction stress in response to substrate stiffness. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:25-37. [PMID: 30653966 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial wound healing is essential for maintaining the function and clarity of the cornea. Successful repair after injury involves the coordinated movements of cell sheets over the wounded region. While collective migration has been the focus of studies, the effects that environmental changes have on this form of movement are poorly understood. To examine the role of substrate compliancy on multi-layered epithelial sheet migration, we performed traction force and confocal microscopy to determine differences in traction forces and to examine focal adhesions on synthetic and biological substrates. The leading edges of corneal epithelial sheets undergo retraction or contraction prior to migration, and alterations in the sheet's stiffness are affected by the amount of force exerted by cells at the leading edge. On substrates of 30 kPa, cells exhibited greater and more rapid movement than on substrates of 8 kPa, which are similar to that of the corneal basement membrane. Vinculin and its phosphorylated residue Y1065 were prominent along the basal surface of migrating cells, while Y822 was prominent between neighboring cells along the leading edge. Vinculin localization was diffuse on a substrate where the basement membrane was removed. Furthermore, when cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated acrylamide substrates of 8 and 50 kPa and then wounded, there was an injury-induced phosphorylation of Y1065 and substrate dependent changes in the number and size of vinculin containing focal adhesions. These results demonstrate that changes in substrate stiffness affected traction forces and vinculin dynamics, which potentially could contribute to the delayed healing response associated with certain corneal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obianamma E Onochie
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alicia Zollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Celeste B Rich
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vickery Trinkaus-Randall
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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The interaction of talin with the cell membrane is essential for integrin activation and focal adhesion formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10339-10344. [PMID: 30254158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806275115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms have well-defined, tightly regulated mechanisms for cell adhesion. Heterodimeric αβ integrin receptors play central roles in this function and regulate processes for normal cell functions, including signaling, cell migration, and development, binding to the extracellular matrix, and senescence. They are involved in hemostasis and the immune response, participate in leukocyte function, and have biological implications in angiogenesis and cancer. Proper control of integrin activation for cellular communication with the external environment requires several physiological processes. Perturbation of these equilibria may lead to constitutive integrin activation that results in bleeding disorders. Furthermore, integrins play key roles in cancer progression and metastasis in which certain tumor types exhibit higher levels of various integrins. Thus, the integrin-associated signaling complex is important for cancer therapy development. During inside-out signaling, the cytoskeletal protein talin plays a key role in regulating integrin affinity whereby the talin head domain activates integrin by binding to the cytoplasmic tail of β-integrin and acidic membrane phospholipids. To understand the mechanism of integrin activation by talin, we determined the crystal structure of the talin head domain bound to the acidic phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), allowing us to design a lipid-binding-deficient talin mutant. Our confocal microscopy with talin knockout cells suggests that the talin-cell membrane interaction seems essential for focal adhesion formation and stabilization. Basal integrin activation in Chinese hamster ovary cells suggests that the lipid-binding-deficient talin mutant inhibits integrin activation. Thus, membrane attachment of talin seems necessary for integrin activation and focal adhesion formation.
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17
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LaCroix AS, Lynch AD, Berginski ME, Hoffman BD. Tunable molecular tension sensors reveal extension-based control of vinculin loading. eLife 2018; 7:33927. [PMID: 30024378 PMCID: PMC6053308 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular tension sensors have contributed to a growing understanding of mechanobiology. However, the limited dynamic range and inability to specify the mechanical sensitivity of these sensors has hindered their widespread use in diverse contexts. Here, we systematically examine the components of tension sensors that can be altered to improve their functionality. Guided by the development of a first principles model describing the mechanical behavior of these sensors, we create a collection of sensors that exhibit predictable sensitivities and significantly improved performance in cellulo. Utilized in the context of vinculin mechanobiology, a trio of these new biosensors with distinct force- and extension-sensitivities reveal that an extension-based control paradigm regulates vinculin loading in a variety of mechanical contexts. To enable the rational design of molecular tension sensors appropriate for diverse applications, we predict the mechanical behavior, in terms of force and extension, of additional 1020 distinct designs. Cells must sense signals from their surroundings to play their roles within the body. These signals can be biochemical, such as growth-promoting substances, or mechanical, for example the stiffness or softness of the environment. Mechanical signals can be detected by load-bearing proteins, which stretch like tiny springs in response to forces. In animals, these proteins span the membrane separating the interior of the cell from the exterior. Externally, the proteins attach to structures around the cell; internally, they connect to the machinery that both generates forces and allows cells to respond to signals from outside. As such, load-bearing proteins form a direct mechanical link between cell and environment. Scientists use tools called molecular tension sensors to measure how much a load-bearing protein stretches in response to changes, and the force that is being applied to it. However, just like any other type of scale, these sensors only work over a certain range, which happens to be limited. This means that, for example, they cannot measure forces in tissues that are too soft (like the brain), or too stiff (such as bones). New sensors that can assess forces in these contexts are therefore needed, but so far research in this area has been slow due to a reliance on ‘trial-and-error’ approaches. Here, LaCroix et al. developed a new method to predict the sensitivity of molecular tension sensors inside cells. This was accomplished by examining several existing sensors, and identifying which components could be altered to change the properties of the sensors. Then, this information was used to create a computer model that could predict how new sensors would behave, and which range of forces they could measure. Finally, the sensors designed following this method were tested in mouse cells grown in the laboratory, and they worked better than their predecessors. The next step was for LaCroix et al. to use a trio of new sensors with different sensitivities to study the load-bearing protein vinculin in mouse cells. The goal was to figure out exactly how cells manage their load-bearing proteins. Indeed, it was widely assumed that a cell acts on a load-bearing protein by applying a force on it. In response, the protein would stretch by a certain amount, which can change depending on its properties – a ‘stiffer’ protein would stretch less. Unexpectedly, the new sensors showed that cells instead manipulate how much vinculin stretches, applying varying forces to achieve the same length of the protein in different environments. Improved molecular tension sensors will give scientists a better insight into how cells respond to their mechanical environment, which could help to direct cell behavior in tissues engineered in the laboratory. This knowledge is also directly relevant to human health, as the mechanical properties of many tissues change during disease, such as tumors stiffening during cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S LaCroix
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Andrew D Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Matthew E Berginski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
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18
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Kannan N, Tang VW. Myosin-1c promotes E-cadherin tension and force-dependent recruitment of α-actinin to the epithelial cell junction. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.211334. [PMID: 29748378 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.211334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin II contractility in epithelial cell plays an essential role in tension-dependent adhesion strengthening. One key unsettling question is how cellular contraction transmits force to the nascent cell-cell adhesion when there is no stable attachment between the nascent adhesion complex and actin filament. Here, we show that myosin-1c is localized to the lateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells and facilitates the coupling between actin and cell-cell adhesion. Knockdown of myosin-1c compromised the integrity of the lateral membrane, reduced the generation of tension at E-cadherin, decreased the strength of cell-cell cohesion in an epithelial cell monolayer and prevented force-dependent recruitment of junctional α-actinin. Application of exogenous force to cell-cell adhesions in a myosin-1c-knockdown cell monolayer fully rescued the localization defect of α-actinin, indicating that junction mechanoregulation remains intact in myosin-1c-depleted cells. Our study identifies a role of myosin-1c in force transmission at the lateral cell-cell interface and underscores a non-junctional contribution to tension-dependent junction regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Kannan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801 USA
| | - Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801 USA
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19
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Gough RE, Goult BT. The tale of two talins - two isoforms to fine-tune integrin signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2108-2125. [PMID: 29723415 PMCID: PMC6032930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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20
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Whitewood AJ, Singh AK, Brown DG, Goult BT. Chlamydial virulence factor TarP mimics talin to disrupt the talin-vinculin complex. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1751-1760. [PMID: 29710402 PMCID: PMC6001692 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a central component of mechanosensitive adhesive complexes that form between cells and the extracellular matrix. A myriad of infectious agents mimic vinculin binding sites (VBS), enabling them to hijack the adhesion machinery and facilitate cellular entry. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterisation of VBS from the chlamydial virulence factor TarP. Whilst the affinities of isolated VBS peptides from TarP and talin for vinculin are similar, their behaviour in larger fragments is markedly different. In talin, VBS are cryptic and require mechanical activation to bind vinculin, whereas the TarP VBS are located in disordered regions, and so are constitutively active. We demonstrate that the TarP VBS can uncouple talin:vinculin complexes, which may lead to adhesion destabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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21
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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22
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Le S, Hu X, Yao M, Chen H, Yu M, Xu X, Nakazawa N, Margadant FM, Sheetz MP, Yan J. Mechanotransmission and Mechanosensing of Human alpha-Actinin 1. Cell Rep 2017; 21:2714-2723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Sun L, Noel JK, Levine H, Onuchic JN. Molecular Simulations Suggest a Force-Dependent Mechanism of Vinculin Activation. Biophys J 2017; 113:1697-1710. [PMID: 29045864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are dynamic constructs at the leading edge of migrating cells, linking them to the extracellular matrix and enabling force sensing and transmission. The lifecycle of a focal adhesion is a highly coordinated process involving spatial and temporal variations of protein composition, interaction, and cellular tension. The assembly of focal adhesions requires the recruitment and activation of vinculin. Vinculin is present in the cytoplasm in an autoinhibited conformation in which its tail is held pincerlike by its head domains, further stabilized by two high-affinity head-tail interfaces. Vinculin has binding sites for talin and F-actin, but effective binding requires vinculin activation to release its head-tail associations. In migrating cells, it has been shown that the locations of vinculin activation coincide with areas of high cellular tension, and that the highest recorded tensions across vinculin are associated with adhesion assembly. Here, we use a structure-based model to investigate vinculin activation by talin modulated by tensile force generated by transient associations with F-actin. We show that vinculin activation may proceed from an intermediate state stabilized by partial talin-vinculin association. There is a low-force regime and a high-force regime where vinculin activation is dominated by two different pathways with distinct responses to force. Specifically, at zero or low forces, vinculin activation requires substantial destabilization of the main head-tail interface, which is rigid and undergoes very limited fluctuations, despite the other being relatively flexible. This pathway is not significantly affected by force; instead, higher forces favor an alternative pathway, which seeks to release the vinculin tail from its pincerlike head domains before destabilizing the head-tail interfaces. This pathway has a force-sensitive activation barrier and is significantly accelerated by force. Experimental data of vinculin during various stages of the focal adhesion lifecycle are consistent with the proposed force-regulated activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey K Noel
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas; Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
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Mir SA, Renuse S, Sathe G, Khan AA, Patil AH, Nanjappa V, Bhat FA, Prasad TSK, Giri AK, Chatterjee A, Gowda H. Altered signaling associated with chronic arsenic exposure in human skin keratinocytes. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28731282 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of signaling pathways upon chronic arsenic exposure remains poorly studied. Here, we carried out SILAC-based quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to dissect the signaling induced upon chronic arsenic exposure in human skin keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. We identified 4171 unique phosphosites derived from 2000 proteins. We observed differential phosphorylation of 406 phosphosites (twofold) corresponding to 305 proteins. Several pathways involved in cytoskeleton maintenance and organization were found to be significantly enriched (p<0.05). Our data revealed altered phosphorylation of proteins associated with adherens junction remodeling and actin polymerization. Kinases such as protein kinase C iota type (PRKCI), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B (BAZ1B) and STE20 like kinase (SLK) were found to be hyperphosphorylated. Our study provides novel insights into signaling perturbations associated with chronic arsenic exposure in human skin keratinocytes. All MS/MS data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004868.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Mir
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Center for Proteomics Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Firdous Ahmad Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ashok K Giri
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
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Mège RM, Ishiyama N. Integration of Cadherin Adhesion and Cytoskeleton at Adherens Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028738. [PMID: 28096263 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cadherin-catenin adhesion complex is the key component of the intercellular adherens junction (AJ) that contributes both to tissue stability and dynamic cell movements in epithelial and nonepithelial tissues. The cadherin adhesion complex bridges neighboring cells and the actin-myosin cytoskeleton, and thereby contributes to mechanical coupling between cells which drives many morphogenetic events and tissue repair. Mechanotransduction at cadherin adhesions enables cells to sense, signal, and respond to physical changes in their environment. Central to this process is the dynamic link of the complex to actin filaments (F-actin), themselves structurally dynamic and subject to tension generated by myosin II motors. We discuss in this review recent breakthroughs in understanding molecular and cellular aspects of the organization of the core cadherin-catenin complex in adherens junctions, its association to F-actin, its mechanosensitive regulation, and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Noboru Ishiyama
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, TMDT 4-902, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Bays JL, DeMali KA. Vinculin in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2999-3009. [PMID: 28401269 PMCID: PMC5501900 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin was identified as a component of focal adhesions and adherens junctions nearly 40 years ago. Since that time, remarkable progress has been made in understanding its activation, regulation and function. Here we discuss the current understanding of the roles of vinculin in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions. Emphasis is placed on the how vinculin is recruited, activated and regulated. We also highlight the recent understanding of how vinculin responds to and transmits force at integrin- and cadherin-containing adhesion complexes to the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we discuss roles of vinculin in binding to and rearranging the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bays
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Maartens AP, Wellmann J, Wictome E, Klapholz B, Green H, Brown NH. Drosophila vinculin is more harmful when hyperactive than absent, and can circumvent integrin to form adhesion complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4354-4365. [PMID: 27737911 PMCID: PMC5201009 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is a highly conserved protein involved in cell adhesion and mechanotransduction, and both gain and loss of its activity causes defective cell behaviour. Here, we examine how altering vinculin activity perturbs integrin function within the context of Drosophila development. Whereas loss of vinculin produced relatively minor phenotypes, gain of vinculin activity, through a loss of head–tail autoinhibition, caused lethality. The minimal domain capable of inducing lethality is the talin-binding D1 domain, and this appears to require talin-binding activity, as lethality was suppressed by competition with single vinculin-binding sites from talin. Activated Drosophila vinculin triggered the formation of cytoplasmic adhesion complexes through the rod of talin, but independently of integrin. These complexes contain a subset of adhesion proteins but no longer link the membrane to actin. The negative effects of hyperactive vinculin were segregated into morphogenetic defects caused by its whole head domain and lethality caused by its D1 domain. These findings demonstrate the crucial importance of the tight control of the activity of vinculin. Summary: Development is more sensitive to gain of vinculin activity than its loss, and vinculin can promote cytoplasmic adhesion complexes independently of the usual integrin cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Maartens
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Jutta Wellmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Emma Wictome
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Benjamin Klapholz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Hannah Green
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and the Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
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Differential lipid binding of vinculin isoforms promotes quasi-equivalent dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9539-44. [PMID: 27503891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600702113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death globally remains debilitating heart conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which are often due to mutations of specific components of adhesion complexes. Vinculin regulates these complexes and plays essential roles in intercalated discs that are necessary for muscle cell function and coordinated movement and in the development and function of the heart. Humans bearing familial or sporadic mutations in vinculin suffer from chronic, progressively debilitating DCM that ultimately leads to cardiac failure and death, whereas autosomal dominant mutations in vinculin can also provoke HCM, causing acute cardiac failure. The DCM/HCM-associated mutants of vinculin occur in the 68-residue insert unique to the muscle-specific, alternatively spliced isoform of vinculin, termed metavinculin (MV). Contrary to studies that suggested that phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) only induces vinculin homodimers, which are asymmetric, we show that phospholipid binding results in a domain-swapped symmetric MV dimer via a quasi-equivalent interface compared with vinculin involving R975. Although one of the two PIP2 binding sites is preserved, the symmetric MV dimer that bridges two PIP2 molecules differs from the asymmetric vinculin dimer that bridges only one PIP2 Unlike vinculin, wild-type MV and the DCM/HCM-associated R975W mutant bind PIP2 in their inactive conformations, and R975W MV fails to dimerize. Mutating selective vinculin residues to their corresponding MV residues, or vice versa, switches the isoform's dimeric constellation and lipid binding site. Collectively, our data suggest that MV homodimerization modulates microfilament attachment at muscular adhesion sites and furthers our understanding of MV-mediated cardiac remodeling.
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Kumar A, Ouyang M, Van den Dries K, McGhee EJ, Tanaka K, Anderson MD, Groisman A, Goult BT, Anderson KI, Schwartz MA. Talin tension sensor reveals novel features of focal adhesion force transmission and mechanosensitivity. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:371-83. [PMID: 27161398 PMCID: PMC4862330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-dependent adhesions are mechanosensitive structures in which talin mediates a linkage to actin filaments either directly or indirectly by recruiting vinculin. Here, we report the development and validation of a talin tension sensor. We find that talin in focal adhesions is under tension, which is higher in peripheral than central adhesions. Tension on talin is increased by vinculin and depends mainly on actin-binding site 2 (ABS2) within the middle of the rod domain, rather than ABS3 at the far C terminus. Unlike vinculin, talin is under lower tension on soft substrates. The difference between central and peripheral adhesions requires ABS3 but not vinculin or ABS2. However, differential stiffness sensing by talin requires ABS2 but not vinculin or ABS3. These results indicate that central versus peripheral adhesions must be organized and regulated differently, and that ABS2 and ABS3 have distinct functions in spatial variations and stiffness sensing. Overall, these results shed new light on talin function and constrain models for cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Koen Van den Dries
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Ewan James McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Marie D Anderson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Alexander Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, England, UK
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G20 0TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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Mechano-adaptive sensory mechanism of α-catenin under tension. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24878. [PMID: 27109499 PMCID: PMC4843013 DOI: 10.1038/srep24878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The contractile forces in individual cells drive the tissue processes, such as morphogenesis and wound healing, and maintain tissue integrity. In these processes, α-catenin molecule acts as a tension sensor at cadherin-based adherens junctions (AJs), accelerating the positive feedback of intercellular tension. Under tension, α-catenin is activated to recruit vinculin, which recruits actin filaments to AJs. In this study, we revealed how α-catenin retains its activated state while avoiding unfolding under tension. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy employing atomic force microscopy (AFM), we found that mechanically activated α-catenin fragment had higher mechanical stability than a non-activated fragment. The results of our experiments using mutated and segmented fragments showed that the key intramolecular interactions acted as a conformational switch. We also found that the conformation of α-catenin was reinforced by vinculin binding. We demonstrate that α-catenin adaptively changes its conformation under tension to a stable intermediate state, binds to vinculin, and finally settles into a more stable state reinforced by vinculin binding. Our data suggest that the plastic characteristics of α-catenin, revealed in response to both mechanical and biochemical cues, enable the functional-structural dynamics at the cellular and tissue levels.
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The Interaction of UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase/N-Acetylmannosamine Kinase (GNE) and Alpha-Actinin 2 Is Altered in GNE Myopathy M743T Mutant. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2928-2938. [PMID: 27023225 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is the gene mutated in GNE myopathy. In an attempt to elucidate GNE functions that could account for the muscle pathophysiology of this disorder, the interaction of GNE with α-actinins has been investigated. Surface plasmon resonance and microscale thermophoresis analysis revealed, that in vitro, GNE interacts with α-actinin 2, and that this interaction has a 10-fold higher affinity compared to the GNE-α-actinin 1 interaction. Further, GNE carrying the M743T mutation, the most frequent mutation in GNE myopathy, has a 10-fold lower binding affinity to α-actinin 2 than intact GNE. It is possible that this decrease eventually affects the interaction, thus causing functional imbalance of this complex in skeletal muscle that could contribute to the myopathy phenotype. In vivo, using bi-molecular fluorescent complementation, we show the specific binding of the two proteins inside the intact cell, in a unique interaction pattern between the two partners. This interaction is disrupted in the absence of the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of α-actinin 2, which is altered in α-actinin 1. Moreover, the binding of GNE to α-actinin 2 prevents additional binding of α-actinin 1 but not vice versa. These results suggest that the interaction between GNE and α-actinin 1 and α-actinin 2 occur at different sites in the α-actinin molecules and that for α-actinin 2 the interaction site is located at the C-terminus of the protein.
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Haining AWM, Lieberthal TJ, Hernández ADR. Talin: a mechanosensitive molecule in health and disease. FASEB J 2016; 30:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kannan N, Tang VW. Synaptopodin couples epithelial contractility to α-actinin-4-dependent junction maturation. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:407-34. [PMID: 26504173 PMCID: PMC4621826 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel tension-sensitive junctional protein, synaptopodin, can relay biophysical input from cellular actomyosin contractility to induce biochemical changes at cell–cell contacts, resulting in structural reorganization of the junctional complex and epithelial barrier maturation. The epithelial junction experiences mechanical force exerted by endogenous actomyosin activities and from interactions with neighboring cells. We hypothesize that tension generated at cell–cell adhesive contacts contributes to the maturation and assembly of the junctional complex. To test our hypothesis, we used a hydraulic apparatus that can apply mechanical force to intercellular junction in a confluent monolayer of cells. We found that mechanical force induces α-actinin-4 and actin accumulation at the cell junction in a time- and tension-dependent manner during junction development. Intercellular tension also induces α-actinin-4–dependent recruitment of vinculin to the cell junction. In addition, we have identified a tension-sensitive upstream regulator of α-actinin-4 as synaptopodin. Synaptopodin forms a complex containing α-actinin-4 and β-catenin and interacts with myosin II, indicating that it can physically link adhesion molecules to the cellular contractile apparatus. Synaptopodin depletion prevents junctional accumulation of α-actinin-4, vinculin, and actin. Knockdown of synaptopodin and α-actinin-4 decreases the strength of cell–cell adhesion, reduces the monolayer permeability barrier, and compromises cellular contractility. Our findings underscore the complexity of junction development and implicate a control process via tension-induced sequential incorporation of junctional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Kannan
- Program in Global Public Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801
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34
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Goldmann WH. Role of vinculin in cellular mechanotransduction. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:241-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Biophysics; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
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35
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Thwaites TR, Pedrosa AT, Peacock TP, Carabeo RA. Vinculin Interacts with the Chlamydia Effector TarP Via a Tripartite Vinculin Binding Domain to Mediate Actin Recruitment and Assembly at the Plasma Membrane. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:88. [PMID: 26649283 PMCID: PMC4663276 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian protein vinculin is often a target of bacterial pathogens to subvert locally host cell actin dynamics. In Chlamydia infection, vinculin has been implicated in RNA interference screens, but the molecular basis for vinculin requirement has not been characterized. In this report, we show that vinculin was involved in the actin recruitment and F-actin assembly at the plasma membrane to facilitate invasion. Vinculin was recruited to the plasma membrane via its interaction with a specific tripartite motif within TarP that resembles the vinculin-binding domain (VBD) found in the Shigella invasion factor IpaA. The TarP-mediated plasma membrane recruitment of vinculin resulted in the localized recruitment of actin. In vitro pulldown assays for protein-protein interaction and imaging-based evaluation of recruitment to the plasma membrane demonstrated the essential role of the vinculin-binding site 1 (VBS1), and the dispensability of VBS2 and VBS3. As further support for the functionality of VBD-vinculin interaction, VBD-mediated actin recruitment required vinculin. Interestingly, while both vinculin and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) colocalized at the sites of adhesion, the recruitment of one was independent of the other; and the actin recruitment function of the VBD/vinculin signaling axis was independent of the LD/FAK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan R Thwaites
- Programme in Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK ; Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Antonio T Pedrosa
- Programme in Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK ; Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London London, UK ; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Rey A Carabeo
- Programme in Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK ; Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London London, UK ; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
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Wu Q, Zhang J, Koh W, Yu Q, Zhu X, Amsterdam A, Davis GE, Arnaout MA, Xiong JW. Talin1 is required for cardiac Z-disk stabilization and endothelial integrity in zebrafish. FASEB J 2015; 29:4989-5005. [PMID: 26310270 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Talin (tln) binds and activates integrins to couple extracellular matrix-bound integrins to the cytoskeleton; however, its role in heart development is not well characterized. We identified the defective gene and the resulting cardiovascular phenotypes in zebrafish tln1(fl02k) mutants. The ethylnitrosourea-induced fl02k mutant showed heart failure, brain hemorrhage, and diminished cardiac and vessel lumens at 52 h post fertilization. Positional cloning revealed a nonsense mutation of tln1 in this mutant. tln1, but neither tln2 nor -2a, was dominantly expressed in the heart and vessels. Unlike tln1 and -2 in the mouse heart, the unique tln1 expression in the heart enabled us, for the first time, to determine the critical roles of Tln1 in the maintenance of cardiac sarcomeric Z-disks and endothelial/endocardial cell integrity, partly through regulating F-actin networks in zebrafish. The similar expression profiles of tln1 and integrin β1b (itgb1b) and synergistic function of the 2 genes revealed that itgb1b is a potential partner for tln1 in the stabilization of cardiac Z-disks and vessel lumens. Taken together, the results of this work suggest that Tln1-mediated Itgβ1b plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiac sarcomeric Z-disks and endothelial/endocardial cell integrity in zebrafish and may also help to gain molecular insights into congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wonshill Koh
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qingming Yu
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Amsterdam
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George E Davis
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Amin Arnaout
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- *Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Auernheimer V, Lautscham LA, Leidenberger M, Friedrich O, Kappes B, Fabry B, Goldmann WH. Vinculin phosphorylation at residues Y100 and Y1065 is required for cellular force transmission. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3435-43. [PMID: 26240176 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein vinculin connects the actin cytoskeleton, through talin and integrins, with the extracellular matrix. Vinculin consists of a globular head and tail domain, which undergo conformational changes from a closed auto-inhibited conformation in the cytoplasm to an open conformation in focal adhesions. Src-mediated phosphorylation has been suggested to regulate this conformational switch. To explore the role of phosphorylation in vinculin activation, we used knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts re-expressing different vinculin mutants in traction microscopy, magnetic tweezer microrheology, FRAP and actin-binding assays. Compared to cells expressing wild-type or constitutively active vinculin, we found reduced tractions, cytoskeletal stiffness, adhesion strength, and increased vinculin dynamics in cells expressing constitutively inactive vinculin or vinculin where Src-mediated phosphorylation was blocked by replacing tyrosine at position 100 and/or 1065 with a non-phosphorylatable phenylalanine residue. Replacing tyrosine residues with phospho-mimicking glutamic acid residues restored cellular tractions, stiffness and adhesion strength, as well as vinculin dynamics, and facilitated vinculin-actin binding. These data demonstrate that Src-mediated phosphorylation is necessary for vinculin activation, and that phosphorylation controls cytoskeletal mechanics by regulating force transmission between the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Auernheimer
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena A Lautscham
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Ladoux B, Nelson WJ, Yan J, Mège RM. The mechanotransduction machinery at work at adherens junctions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1109-19. [PMID: 25968913 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The shaping of a multicellular body, and the maintenance and repair of adult tissues require fine-tuning of cell adhesion responses and the transmission of mechanical load between the cell, its neighbors and the underlying extracellular matrix. A growing field of research is focused on how single cells sense mechanical properties of their micro-environment (extracellular matrix, other cells), and on how mechanotransduction pathways affect cell shape, migration, survival as well as differentiation. Within multicellular assemblies, the mechanical load imposed by the physical properties of the environment is transmitted to neighboring cells. Force imbalance at cell-cell contacts induces essential morphogenetic processes such as cell-cell junction remodeling, cell polarization and migration, cell extrusion and cell intercalation. However, how cells respond and adapt to the mechanical properties of neighboring cells, transmit forces, and transform mechanical signals into chemical signals remain open questions. A defining feature of compact tissues is adhesion between cells at the specialized adherens junction (AJ) involving the cadherin super-family of Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion proteins (e.g., E-cadherin in epithelia). Cadherins bind to the cytoplasmic protein β-catenin, which in turn binds to the filamentous (F)-actin binding adaptor protein α-catenin, which can also recruit vinculin, making the mechanical connection between cell-cell adhesion proteins and the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton. The cadherin-catenin adhesion complex is a key component of the AJ, and contributes to cell assembly stability and dynamic cell movements. It has also emerged as the main route of propagation of forces within epithelial and non-epithelial tissues. Here, we discuss recent molecular studies that point toward force-dependent conformational changes in α-catenin that regulate protein interactions in the cadherin-catenin adhesion complex, and show that α-catenin is the core mechanosensor that allows cells to locally sense, transduce and adapt to environmental mechanical constrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
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Chinthalapudi K, Patil DN, Rangarajan ES, Rader C, Izard T. Lipid-directed vinculin dimerization. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2758-68. [PMID: 25880222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin localizes to cellular adhesions where it regulates motility, migration, development, wound healing, and response to force. Importantly, vinculin loss results in cancer phenotypes, cardiovascular disease, and embryonic lethality. At the plasma cell membrane, the most abundant phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), binds the vinculin tail domain, Vt, and triggers homotypic and heterotypic interactions that amplify binding of vinculin to the actin network. Binding of PIP2 to Vt is necessary for maintaining optimal focal adhesions, for organizing stress fibers, for cell migration and spreading, and for the control of vinculin dynamics and turnover of focal adhesions. While the recently determined Vt/PIP2 crystal structure revealed the conformational changes occurring upon lipid binding and oligomerization, characterization of PIP2-induced vinculin oligomerization has been challenging in the adhesion biology field. Here, via a series of novel biochemical assays not performed in previous studies that relied on chemical cross-linking, we characterize the PIP2-induced vinculin oligomerization. Our results show that Vt/PIP2 forms a tight dimer with Vt or with the muscle-specific vinculin isoform, metavinculin, at sites of adhesion at the cell membrane. Insight into how PIP2 regulates clustering and into mechanisms that regulate cell adhesion allows the development for a more definite sensor for PIP2, and our developed techniques can be applied generally and thus open the door for the characterization of many other protein/PIP2 complexes under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chinthalapudi
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dipak N Patil
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Erumbi S Rangarajan
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christoph Rader
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Tina Izard
- †Cell Adhesion Laboratory, ‡Department of Cancer Biology, and §Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Chinthalapudi K, Rangarajan ES, Patil DN, George EM, Brown DT, Izard T. Lipid binding promotes oligomerization and focal adhesion activity of vinculin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:643-56. [PMID: 25488920 PMCID: PMC4259812 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201404128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PIP2 binds vinculin and directs its oligomerization, which promotes proper focal adhesion structure and function. Adherens junctions (AJs) and focal adhesion (FA) complexes are necessary for cell migration and morphogenesis, and for the development, growth, and survival of all metazoans. Vinculin is an essential regulator of both AJs and FAs, where it provides links to the actin cytoskeleton. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) affects the functions of many targets, including vinculin. Here we report the crystal structure of vinculin in complex with PIP2, which revealed that PIP2 binding alters vinculin structure to direct higher-order oligomerization and suggests that PIP2 and F-actin binding to vinculin are mutually permissive. Forced expression of PIP2-binding–deficient mutants of vinculin in vinculin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed that PIP2 binding is necessary for maintaining optimal FAs, for organization of actin stress fibers, and for cell migration and spreading. Finally, photobleaching experiments indicated that PIP2 binding is required for the control of vinculin dynamics and turnover in FAs. Thus, through oligomerization, PIP2 directs a transient vinculin sequestration at FAs that is necessary for proper FA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Erumbi S Rangarajan
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Dipak N Patil
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Eric M George
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - David T Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
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Li T, Guo H, Song Y, Zhao X, Shi Y, Lu Y, Hu S, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K. Loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin promotes metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:263. [PMID: 25496021 PMCID: PMC4320448 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of cell-cell adhesion is important for the development of cancer invasion and metastasis. Vinculin, a key adhesion-related protein, can affect metastasis and prognosis in several tumours. Here, we determined the biological roles of vinculin in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated its clinical significance as a potential disease biomarker. Methods The expression level of vinculin in CRC cell lines and tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR and western blotting. Moreover, vinculin function was analysed using Transwell assays and in vivo metastasis assays in gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, the impact of vinculin together with membrane-bound β-catenin on the prognosis of 228 CRC patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicators was verified by immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues obtained from these patients. Result Vinculin expression was found to be significantly downregulated in highly metastatic CRC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that vinculin suppressed invasion, migration and metastasis in CRC cells and that this suppression could be attenuated by silencing β-catenin. Moreover, the expression of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin were positively correlated in CRC tissues, and lack of vinculin expression emerged as an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Finally, the loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin was associated with node metastasis, organ metastasis and expression of EMT indicators. Conclusion Our results suggest that vinculin may play specific roles in the EMT and metastasis of CRC and that loss of vinculin could be used as a prognostic factor for CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-263) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology & State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Márquez MG, Brandán YR, Guaytima EDV, Paván CH, Favale NO, Sterin-Speziale NB. Physiologically induced restructuring of focal adhesions causes mobilization of vinculin by a vesicular endocytic recycling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2991-3003. [PMID: 25241342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In epithelial cells, vinculin is enriched in cell adhesion structures but is in equilibrium with a large cytosolic pool. It is accepted that when cells adhere to the extracellular matrix, a part of the soluble cytosolic pool of vinculin is recruited to specialized sites on the plasma membrane called focal adhesions (FAs) by binding to plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). We have previously shown that bradykinin (BK) induces both a reversible dissipation of vinculin from FAs, by the phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2, and the concomitant internalization of vinculin. Here, by using an immunomagnetic method, we isolated vinculin-containing vesicles induced by BK stimulation. By analyzing the presence of proteins involved in vesicle traffic, we suggest that vinculin can be delivered in the site of FA reassembly by a vesicular endocytic recycling pathway. We also observed the formation of vesicle-like structures containing vinculin in the cytosol of cells treated with lipid membrane-affecting agents, which caused dissipation of FAs due to their deleterious effect on membrane microdomains where FAs are inserted. However, these vesicles did not contain markers of the recycling endosomal compartment. Vinculin localization in vesicles has not been reported before, and this finding challenges the prevailing model of vinculin distribution in the cytosol. We conclude that the endocytic recycling pathway of vinculin could represent a physiological mechanism to reuse the internalized vinculin to reassembly new FAs, which occurs after long time of BK stimulation, but not after treatment with membrane-affecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Humana (IICSHUM), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis Vernet 1000, 5300 La Rioja, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamila Romina Brandán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Humana (IICSHUM), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis Vernet 1000, 5300 La Rioja, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edith Del Valle Guaytima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Humana (IICSHUM), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis Vernet 1000, 5300 La Rioja, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Humberto Paván
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Octavio Favale
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma B Sterin-Speziale
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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α-Actinin involvement in Z-disk assembly during skeletal muscle C2C12 cells in vitro differentiation. Micron 2014; 68:47-53. [PMID: 25262166 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Actinin is involved in the assembly and maintenance of muscle fibers. α-Actinin is required to cross-link actin filaments and to connect the actin cytoskeleton to the cell membrane and it is necessary for the attachment of actin filaments to Z-disks in skeletal muscle fibers and to dense bodies in smooth muscle ones. In addition to its mechanical role, sarcomeric α-actinin interacts with proteins involved in a variety of signaling and metabolic pathways. The aim of this work is to monitor Z-disk formation, in order to clear up the role of sarcomeric α-actinin in undifferentiated stage, after 4 days of differentiation (intermediate differentiation stage) and after 7 days of differentiation (fully differentiated stage). For this purpose, C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells, grown in vitro, were analyzed at three time points of differentiation. Confocal laser scanner microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been utilized for α-actinin immunolocalization. Both techniques reveal that in undifferentiated cells labeling appears uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm with punctate α-actinin Z-bodies. Moreover, we found that when differentiation is induced, α-actinin links at first membrane-associated proteins, then it aligns longitudinally across the cytoplasm and finally binds actin, giving rise to Z-disks. These findings evidence α-actinin involvement in sarcomeric development, suggesting for this protein an important role in stabilizing the muscle contractile apparatus.
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Yao M, Qiu W, Liu R, Efremov AK, Cong P, Seddiki R, Payre M, Lim CT, Ladoux B, Mège RM, Yan J. Force-dependent conformational switch of α-catenin controls vinculin binding. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4525. [PMID: 25077739 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Force sensing at cadherin-mediated adhesions is critical for their proper function. α-Catenin, which links cadherins to actomyosin, has a crucial role in this mechanosensing process. It has been hypothesized that force promotes vinculin binding, although this has never been demonstrated. X-ray structure further suggests that α-catenin adopts a stable auto-inhibitory conformation that makes the vinculin-binding site inaccessible. Here, by stretching single α-catenin molecules using magnetic tweezers, we show that the subdomains MI vinculin-binding domain (VBD) to MIII unfold in three characteristic steps: a reversible step at ~5 pN and two non-equilibrium steps at 10-15 pN. 5 pN unfolding forces trigger vinculin binding to the MI domain in a 1:1 ratio with nanomolar affinity, preventing MI domain refolding after force is released. Our findings demonstrate that physiologically relevant forces reversibly unfurl α-catenin, activating vinculin binding, which then stabilizes α-catenin in its open conformation, transforming force into a sustainable biochemical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yao
- 1] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore [2]
| | - Wu Qiu
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore [2] College of Physics, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Chongqing 401331, China [3]
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore [2] College of Physics, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Artem K Efremov
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Peiwen Cong
- 1] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore [2] Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rima Seddiki
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France
| | - Manon Payre
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- 1] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore [2] Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- 1] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore [2] Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jie Yan
- 1] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore [2] College of Physics, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Chongqing 401331, China [3] Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore [4] Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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Gulino-Debrac D. Mechanotransduction at the basis of endothelial barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24180. [PMID: 24665386 PMCID: PMC3879236 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Destabilization of cell-cell contacts involved in the maintenance of endothelial barrier function can lead to increased endothelial permeability. This increase in endothelial permeability results in an anarchical movement of fluid, solutes and cells outside the vasculature and into the surrounding tissues, thereby contributing to various diseases such as stroke or pulmonary edema. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating endothelial cell junction integrity is required for developing new therapies for these diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanotransduction mechanism at the basis of adherens junction strengthening at endothelial cell-cell contacts. More particularly, we report on the emerging role of α-catenin and EPLIN that act as a mechanotransmitter of myosin-IIgenerated traction forces. The interplay between α-catenin, EPLIN and the myosin-II machinery initiates the junctional recruitment of vinculin and α-actinin leading to a drastic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and to cortical actin ring reshaping. The pathways initiated by tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at the basis of endothelial cell-cell junction remodeling is also reported, as it may be interrelated to α-catenin/ EPLIN-mediated mechanotransduction mechanisms. We also describe the junctional mechanosensory complex composed of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2 that is able to transmit signaling pathway under the onset of shear stress. This mechanosensing mechanism, involved in the earliest events promoting atherogenesis, is required for endothelial cell alignment along flow direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- Biology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory; U INSERM 1036, iRTSV; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA); Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble, France
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46
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Mechanical activation of vinculin binding to talin locks talin in an unfolded conformation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4610. [PMID: 24714394 PMCID: PMC3980218 DOI: 10.1038/srep04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The force-dependent interaction between talin and vinculin plays a crucial role in the initiation and growth of focal adhesions. Here we use magnetic tweezers to characterise the mechano-sensitive compact N-terminal region of the talin rod, and show that the three helical bundles R1–R3 in this region unfold in three distinct steps consistent with the domains unfolding independently. Mechanical stretching of talin R1–R3 enhances its binding to vinculin and vinculin binding inhibits talin refolding after force is released. Mutations that stabilize R3 identify it as the initial mechano-sensing domain in talin, unfolding at ∼5 pN, suggesting that 5 pN is the force threshold for vinculin binding and adhesion progression.
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47
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Simon NC, Barbieri JT. Bacillus cereus Certhrax ADP-ribosylates vinculin to disrupt focal adhesion complexes and cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10650-10659. [PMID: 24573681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.500710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is often associated with mild to moderate gastroenteritis; however, some recent isolates cause inhalational anthrax-like diseases and death. These potential emerging human pathogens express multiple virulence factors. B. cereus strain G9241 expresses anthrax toxin, several polysaccharide capsules, and the novel ADP-ribosyltransferase, Certhrax. In this study, we show that Certhrax ADP-ribosylates Arg-433 of vinculin, a protein that coordinates actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix interactions. ADP-ribosylation of vinculin disrupted focal adhesion complexes and redistributed vinculin to the cytoplasm. Exogenous vinculin rescued these phenotypes. This provides a mechanism for strain G9241 to breach host barrier defenses and promote bacterial growth and spread. Certhrax is the first bacterial toxin to add a post-translational modification to vinculin to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Simon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Joseph T Barbieri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.
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Hagiwara M, Kokubu E, Sugiura S, Komatsu T, Tada H, Isoda R, Tanigawa N, Kato Y, Ishida N, Kobayashi K, Nakashima M, Ishihara K, Matsushita K. Vinculin and Rab5 complex is required [correction of requited]for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and interleukin-6 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87373. [PMID: 24466349 PMCID: PMC3900708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin, a 116-kDa membrane cytoskeletal protein, is an important molecule for cell adhesion; however, little is known about its other cellular functions. Here, we demonstrated that vinculin binds to Rab5 and is required for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) uptake in cells. Viunculin directly bound to Rab5 and enhanced the activation of S. aureus uptake. Over-expression of active vinculin mutants enhanced S. aureus uptake, whereas over-expression of an inactive vinculin mutant decreased S. aureus uptake. Vinculin bound to Rab5 at the N-terminal region (1-258) of vinculin. Vinculin and Rab5 were involved in the S. aureus-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinases (p38, Erk, and JNK) and IL-6 expression. Finally, vinculin and Rab5 knockdown reduced infection of S. aureus, phosphorylation of MAPKs and IL-6 expression in murine lungs. Our results suggest that vinculin binds to Rab5 and that these two molecules cooperatively enhance bacterial infection and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sugiura
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Komatsu
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Isoda
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naomi Tanigawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kato
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishida
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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49
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Zemljic-Harpf AE, Godoy JC, Platoshyn O, Asfaw EK, Busija AR, Domenighetti AA, Ross RS. Vinculin directly binds zonula occludens-1 and is essential for stabilizing connexin-43-containing gap junctions in cardiac myocytes. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1104-16. [PMID: 24413171 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.143743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin (Vcl) links actin filaments to integrin- and cadherin-based cellular junctions. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1, also known as TJP1) binds connexin-43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1), cadherin and actin. Vcl and ZO-1 anchor the actin cytoskeleton to the sarcolemma. Given that loss of Vcl from cardiomyocytes causes maldistribution of Cx43 and predisposes cardiomyocyte-specific Vcl-knockout mice with preserved heart function to arrhythmia and sudden death, we hypothesized that Vcl and ZO-1 interact and that loss of this interaction destabilizes gap junctions. We found that Vcl, Cx43 and ZO-1 colocalized at the intercalated disc. Loss of cardiomyocyte Vcl caused parallel loss of ZO-1 from intercalated dics. Vcl co-immunoprecipitated Cx43 and ZO-1, and directly bound ZO-1 in yeast two-hybrid studies. Excision of the Vcl gene in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes caused a reduction in the amount of Vcl mRNA transcript and protein expression leading to (1) decreased protein expression of Cx43, ZO-1, talin, and β1D-integrin, (2) reduced PI3K activation, (3) increased activation of Akt, Erk1 and Erk2, and (4) cardiomyocyte necrosis. In summary, this is the first study showing a direct interaction between Vcl and ZO-1 and illustrates how Vcl plays a crucial role in stabilizing gap junctions and myocyte integrity.
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50
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Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. Protein conformation as a regulator of cell–matrix adhesion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:6342-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conformational changes within proteins play key roles in the regulation of cell–matrix adhesion. We discuss the mechanisms involved in conformational regulation, including mechanical signals, posttranslational modifications and intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa P. Hytönen
- University of Tampere
- Institute of Biomedical Technology and BioMediTech
- 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories
- 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- University of Geneva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism
- Centre Médical Universitaire
- 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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