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Bele T, Turk T, Križaj I. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: Limitations and prospects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166875. [PMID: 37673358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have long been considered to solely mediate neurotransmission. However, their widespread distribution in the human body suggests a more diverse physiological role. Additionally, the expression of nAChRs is increased in certain cancers, such as lung cancer, and has been associated with cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition, angiogenesis and apoptosis prevention. Several compounds that interact with these receptors have been identified as potential therapeutic agents. They have been tested as drugs for treating nicotine addiction, alcoholism, depression, pain and Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on nAChR-mediated signalling in cancer, presenting opportunities for the development of innovative nAChR-based anticancer drugs. It displays the differences in expression of each nAChR subunit between normal and cancer cells for selected cancer types, highlighting their possible involvement in specific cases. Antagonists of nAChRs that could complement existing cancer therapies are summarised and critically discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate further research on the role of nAChRs in cancer potentially leading to innovative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bele
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - T Turk
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - I Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Hua T, Robitaille M, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. The intersection between cysteine proteases, Ca 2+ signalling and cancer cell apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119532. [PMID: 37393017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly complex and regulated cell death pathway that safeguards the physiological balance between life and death. Over the past decade, the role of Ca2+ signalling in apoptosis and the mechanisms involved have become clearer. The initiation and execution of apoptosis is coordinated by three distinct groups of cysteines proteases: the caspase, calpain and cathepsin families. Beyond its physiological importance, the ability to evade apoptosis is a prominent hallmark of cancer cells. In this review, we will explore the involvement of Ca2+ in the regulation of caspase, calpain and cathepsin activity, and how the actions of these cysteine proteases alter intracellular Ca2+ handling during apoptosis. We will also explore how apoptosis resistance can be achieved in cancer cells through deregulation of cysteine proteases and remodelling of the Ca2+ signalling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Hua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Mélanie Robitaille
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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3
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Bai Y, Hou C, Huang C, Fang F, Dong Y, Li X, Zhang D. Phosphorylation of Calpastatin Negatively Regulates the Activity of Calpain. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030854. [PMID: 36984009 PMCID: PMC10056145 DOI: 10.3390/life13030854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenderness is an important characteristic of meat quality. Calpastatin and calpain play important roles in meat tenderization. However, it is not clear how phosphorylation affects the regulation of calpastatin on μ-calpain and, consequently, meat tenderness. Calpastatin with high and low phosphorylation levels were obtained in vitro corresponding to the treatments by protein kinase A (PKA) and alkaline phosphatase. Then, calpain was incubated with calpastatin with different phosphorylation levels, and the effect of calpastatin on calpain activity under different phosphorylation levels was analyzed. The results showed that PKA promoted the phosphorylation of calpastatin, and a high phosphorylation level was maintained during incubation. The degradation rate of μ-calpain in AP group was higher than that in the other groups, meaning there was lower inhibition of calpastatin on calpain activity. The degradation of calpastatin was lower and its structure was more stable after phosphorylation. One more serine 133 site of calpastatin was identified in PKA group compared with the other groups. Phosphorylation at serine 133 of calpastatin enhanced its inhibition on calpain activity by maintaining its structural stability, thus inhibiting the tenderization of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Bai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Caiyan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety in Harvest, Storage, Transportation, Management and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Khodabandeh Z, Valilo M, Velaei K, Pirpour Tazehkand A. The potential role of nicotine in breast cancer initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:778-789. [PMID: 35583594 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research studying the relationship between tobacco and cancer has led to the knowledge that smoking cigarettes adversely affects cancer treatment while contributing to the development of various tobacco-related cancers. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco smoke and promotes angiogenesis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while promoting growth and metastasis of tumors. Nicotine generally acts through the induction of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), although the contribution of other receptor subunits has also been reported. Nicotine contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers including breast cancer through its carcinogens such as (4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Current study aims to review the mechanistic function of nicotine in the initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of breast cancer with the main focus on nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and nAChR-mediated signaling pathways as well as on its potential for the development of an effective treatment against breast cancer. Moreover, we will try to demonstrate how nicotine leads to poor treatment response in breast cancer by enhancing the population, proliferation, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through the activation of α7-nAChR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khodabandeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are prototypical classical isoforms of the calpain family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. Their substrate proteins participate in a wide range of cellular processes, including transcription, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Dysregulated calpain activity has been implicated in tumorigenesis, suggesting that calpains may be promising therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED This review covers clinical and basic research studies implicating calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression and activity in tumorigenesis and metastasis. We highlight isoform specific functions and provide an overview of substrates and cancer-related signalling pathways affected by calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage. We also discuss efforts to develop clinically relevant calpain specific inhibitors and spotlight the challenges facing inhibitor development. EXPERT OPINION Rationale for targeting calpain-1 and calpain-2 in cancer is supported by pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating that calpain inhibition has the potential to attenuate carcinogenesis and block metastasis of aggressive tumors. The wide range of substrates and cleavage products, paired with inconsistencies in model systems, underscores the need for more complete understanding of physiological substrates and how calpain cleavage alters their function in cellular processes. The development of isoform specific calpain inhibitors remains an important goal with therapeutic potential in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shapovalov
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart Street, Botterell Hall, Room A309, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Danielle Harper
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart Street, Botterell Hall, Room A309, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart Street, Botterell Hall, Room A309, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
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Lian S, Li S, Zhu J, Xia Y, Do Jung Y. Nicotine stimulates IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-κB and ROS/MAPK/AP-1 axis in human gastric cancer cells. Toxicology 2021; 466:153062. [PMID: 34890707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, a major alkaloid found in tobacco, is a significant risk factor for gastric cancer. IL-8, a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a vital role in cancer cell metastasis. The role of nicotine in IL-8 expression and the underlying mechanism is currently unknown. Here, we examined the effects of nicotine on IL-8 expression and explored the potential mechanisms in gastric cancer cells. We found that nicotine increases IL-8 expression. Specific inhibitor and mutagenesis studies showed that ROS and MAPK (Erk1/2, p38) were involved in this process. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate the involvement of transcription factor NF-κB and AP-1. ROS and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38) functioned as the upstream signaling molecules in the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. AGS gastric cancer cells pretreated with nicotine stimulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, partially abrogated by silencing IL-8 in AGS cells. In this study, we found that nicotine induces IL-8 expression via ROS/NF-κB and ROS/MAPK (Erk1/2, p38)/AP-1 axis in gastric cancer cells, thus stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Identification of Phosphorylated Calpain 3 in Rat Brain Mitochondria under mPTP Opening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910613. [PMID: 34638951 PMCID: PMC8508669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphorylation of the membrane-bound mitochondrial proteins has become of interest from the point of view of its regulatory role of the function of the respiratory chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and initiation of apoptosis. Earlier, we noticed that upon phosphorylation of proteins in some proteins, the degree of their phosphorylation increases with the opening of mPTP. Two isoforms of myelin basic protein and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were identified in rat brain non-synaptic mitochondria and it was concluded that they are involved in mPTP regulation. In the present study, using the mass spectrometry method, the phosphorylated protein was identified as Calpain 3 in rat brain non-synaptic mitochondria. In the present study, the phosphoprotein Calpain-3 (p94) (CAPN3) was identified in the rat brain mitochondria as a phosphorylated truncated form of p60–62 kDa by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We showed that the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, was able to suppress the Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria, preventing the opening of mPTP. It was found that phosphorylated truncated CALP3 with a molecular weight of 60–62 contains p-Tyr, which indicates the possible involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatase in this process.
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8
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Nian H, Ma B. Calpain-calpastatin system and cancer progression. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:961-975. [PMID: 33470511 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The calpain system is required by many important physiological processes, including the cell cycle, cytoskeleton remodelling, cellular proliferation, migration, cancer cell invasion, metastasis, survival, autophagy, apoptosis and signalling, as well as the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders, in which it may function to promote tumorigenesis. Calpains are intracellular conserved calcium-activated neutral cysteine proteinases that are involved in mediating cancer progression via catalysing and regulating the proteolysis of their specific substrates, which are important signalling molecules during cancer progression. μ-calpain, m-calpain, and their specific inhibitor calpastatin are the three molecules originally identified as comprising the calpain system and they contain several crucial domains, specific motifs, and functional sites. A large amount of data supports the roles of the calpain-calpastatin system in cancer progression via regulation of cellular adhesion, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and cellular survival and death, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis during tumorigenesis, implying that the inhibition of calpain activity may be a potential anti-cancer intervention strategy targeting cancer cell survival, invasion and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, U.S.A
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9
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Li X, Zhang D, Ren C, Bai Y, Ijaz M, Hou C, Chen L. Effects of protein posttranslational modifications on meat quality: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:289-331. [PMID: 33443799 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Meat quality plays an important role in the purchase decision of consumers, affecting producers and retailers. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are intricate, as several endogenous and exogenous factors contribute during antemortem and postmortem periods. Abundant research has been performed on meat quality; however, unexpected variation in meat quality remains an issue in the meat industry. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate structures and functions of proteins in living tissues, and recent reports confirmed their importance in meat quality. The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the research on the effects of PTMs on meat quality. The effects of four common PTMs, namely, protein phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, and ubiquitination, on meat quality were discussed, with emphasis on the effects of protein phosphorylation on meat tenderness, color, and water holding capacity. The mechanisms and factors that may affect the function of protein phosphorylation are also discussed. The current research confirms that meat quality traits are regulated by multiple PTMs. Cross talk between different PTMs and interactions of PTMs with postmortem biochemical processes need to be explored to improve our understanding on factors affecting meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muawuz Ijaz
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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CaMKII/calpain interaction mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:388. [PMID: 32439852 PMCID: PMC7242471 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), a kinase involved in the modulation of ryanodine receptor activity, activates Ca2+-regulated protease μ-calpain to promote myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms in CaMKII-induced calpain activation to better understand heart injury. To examine the Ca2+ paradox and ischemia/reperfusion injury, isolated rat hearts were subjected to a Ca2+-free solution for 3 min, or left coronary artery occlusion for 40 min, prior to restoration of normal perfusion. Blockade of trans-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ flux using ryanodine and thapsigargin failed to prevent Ca2+ paradox-induced heart injury. In contrast, the Ca2+ paradox increased CaMKII auto-phosphorylation at Thr287, while the CaMKII inhibitor KN-62 and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor KB-R7943 alleviated heart injury and calpain activity. Intriguingly, the binding of μ-calpain large subunit calpain-1 (CAPN1) to phospho-CaMKII was blunted by both inhibitors. Thus, a Ca2+ leak via the ryanodine receptor is not an essential element in CaMKII-elicited calpain activation. In hearts receiving vector injection, ischemia/reperfusion caused elevated calpain activity and α-fodrin degradation, along with membrane integrity damage, similar to the effects noted in control hearts. Importantly, all these alterations were diminished with delivery of adeno-associated virus expressing mutant CaMKIIδC T287A. Ischemia/reperfusion increased CaMKII auto-phosphorylation and binding of CAPN1 to phospho-CaMKII, and facilitated the translocation of phospho-CaMKII and CAPN1 to the plasma membrane, all of which were reversed by injecting CaMKII mutant. Furthermore, the relocation capacity and the interaction of CaMKII with CAPN1 appeared to be dependent upon CaMKII autophosphorylation, as its mutant delivery increased the level of CaMKII, but did not increase membrane content of CaMKII and CAPN1, or their interactions. Together, CaMKII/calpain interaction represents a new avenue for mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and CaMKII likely serves as both a kinase and a carrier, thereby promoting calpain membrane translocation and activation.
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Zuo S, Kong D, Wang C, Liu J, Wang Y, Wan Q, Yan S, Zhang J, Tang J, Zhang Q, Lyu L, Li X, Shan Z, Qian L, Shen Y, Yu Y. CRTH2 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through m-calpain. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708237. [PMID: 29335338 PMCID: PMC5840549 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes is associated with ischemic heart disease and chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy. Chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) is highly expressed in the heart. However, its specific role in ischemic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that CRTH2 disruption markedly improved cardiac recovery in mice postmyocardial infarction and doxorubicin challenge by suppressing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, CRTH2 activation specifically facilitated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via caspase‐12‐dependent pathway. Blockage of m‐calpain prevented CRTH2‐mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis under ER stress by suppressing caspase‐12 activity. CRTH2 was coupled with Gαq to elicit intracellular Ca2+ flux and activated m‐calpain/caspase‐12 cascade in cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of caspase‐4, an alternative to caspase‐12 in humans, markedly alleviated CRHT2 activation‐induced apoptosis in human cardiomyocyte response to anoxia. Our findings revealed an unexpected role of CRTH2 in promoting ER stress‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, suggesting that CRTH2 inhibition has therapeutic potential for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiangyou Wan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luheng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biology, University of Miami College of Arts and Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China .,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Du M, Li X, Li Z, Shen Q, Ren C, Zhang D. Calpastatin inhibits the activity of phosphorylated μ-calpain in vitro. Food Chem 2019; 274:743-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Du M, Li X, Li Z, Shen Q, Wang Y, Li G, Zhang D. Phosphorylation regulated by protein kinase A and alkaline phosphatase play positive roles in μ-calpain activity. Food Chem 2018; 252:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Irandoost A, Tahmasbpour E, Beigi Harchegani A, Borna H, Iman M. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Calpeptin (Calpain Inhibitor) as an Anticancer Agent. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Irandoost
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19945-581, Tehran Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19945-581, Tehran Iran
| | - Hojat Borna
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19945-581, Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Iman
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19945-581, Tehran Iran
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15
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Calcium influx-mediated translocation of m-calpain induces Ku80 cleavage and enhances the Ku80-related DNA repair pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30831-44. [PMID: 27121057 PMCID: PMC5058721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of ionomycin-treated and untreated mammary epithelial MCF10A cells elucidated differences in Ku80 cleavage. Ku80, a subunit of the Ku protein complex, is an initiator of the non-homologous, end-joining (NHEJ), double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathway. The nuclear Ku80 was cleaved in a calcium concentration-dependent manner by m-calpain but not by m-calpain. The cleavage of nuclear Ku80 at its α/β domain was validated by Western blotting analysis using flag-tagged expression vectors of truncated versions of Ku80 and a flag antibody and was confirmed in m-calpain knock-down cells and in vitro cell-free evaluation with recombinant proteins of calpains, Ku70, and Ku80. In addition, the cleaved Ku80 still formed a Ku heterodimer and promoted DNA DSB repair activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that translocated m-calpain enhances the NHEJ pathway through the cleavage of Ku80. Based on the present study, m-calpain in DNA repair pathways might be a novel anticancer drug target, or its mechanism might be a possible route for resistance acquisition of DNA damage-inducing chemotherapeutics.
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16
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Du M, Li X, Li Z, Shen Q, Wang Y, Li G, Zhang D. Effects of phosphorylation on μ-calpain activity at different incubation temperature. Food Res Int 2017; 100:318-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Koga M, Kanaoka Y, Sugiyama K, Ohishi K, Ejima Y, Hisanaga M, Kataoka Y, Yamauchi A. Varenicline promotes endothelial cell migration by lowering vascular endothelial-cadherin levels via the activated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor–mitogen activated protein kinase axis. Toxicology 2017; 390:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arumugam P, Subramanian R, Priyadharsini JV, Gopalswamy J. Thymoquinone inhibits the migration of mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:904-912. [PMID: 28262117 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), an active component derived from the medial plant Nigella sativa, has been used for medical purposes for more than 2 000 years. Recent studies have reported that TQ blocked angiogenesis in animal model and reduced migration, adhesion, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. We have recently shown that TQ could exhibit a potent cytotoxic effect and induce apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells. In the present study, TQ treatment markedly decreased the adhesion and migration of Neuro-2a cells. TQ down-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and mRNA levels and their activities. Furthermore, TQ significantly down-regulated the protein expression of transcription factor NF-κB (p65) but not significantly altered the expression of N-Myc. Taken together, our data indicated that TQ's inhibitory effect on the migration of Neuro-2a cells was mediated through the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, suggesting that TQ treatment can be a promising therapeutic strategy for human malignant neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Arumugam
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar campus, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India.
| | | | - Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar campus, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India
| | - Jayaraman Gopalswamy
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar campus, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India
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Chen J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Qiao G, Jiang W, Ni P, Liu X, Ma L. miR-598 inhibits metastasis in colorectal cancer by suppressing JAG1/Notch2 pathway stimulating EMT. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Phosphorylation inhibits the activity of μ-calpain at different incubation temperatures and Ca 2+ concentrations in vitro. Food Chem 2017; 228:649-655. [PMID: 28317776 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of phosphorylation on the activity of μ-calpain and its sensitivity to temperature and Ca2+. For temperature sensitivity analysis, sarcoplasmic protein was treated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) and phosphatase inhibitor (PI) at 4, 25 and 37°C. The results showed that the degradation degree of μ-calpain in the AP group was significantly higher after incubation for 12h. For calcium sensitivity analysis, samples treated with AP and PI were incubated at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 1mM Ca2+. The results showed that the degradation rate of μ-calpain was maximum in the AP group and minimum in the PI group at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1mM Ca2+. The differences between the three groups reduced as concentration increased. These data demonstrate that phosphorylation plays a negative role in regulating μ-calpain activity. This study clarifies the regulatory mechanism of μ-calpain activation in vitro and/or in postmortem muscle.
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21
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Tong S, Xia T, Fan K, Jiang K, Zhai W, Li JS, Wang SH, Wang JJ. 14-3-3ζ promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing the Snail protein expression through atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)/NF-κB signaling. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:1-9. [PMID: 27554601 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3ζ has been identified as a putative oncogene in several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms underlying its functions remain undefined. In this study, we show that overexpression of 14-3-3ζ was frequently detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LuAC) tissues and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor outcome. Functional studies demonstrated that 14-3-3ζ promoted migration and invasion in A549 cells, both of which were effectively inhibited when 14-3-3ζ was silenced with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Furthermore, 14-3-3ζ-mediated invasion of cancer cells was found to upregulate Snail through the activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Activation of aPKCζ mediates this effect by stimulating NF-κB signaling. Our results identify a specific pathway by which 14-3-3ζ induces tumor invasion and provide insight into potential therapeutic approaches to target 14-3-3ζ-associated lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Song Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Identification and characterization of ANO9 in stage II and III colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29324-34. [PMID: 26317553 PMCID: PMC4745729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise role and potential underlying mechanisms of anoctamin 9 (ANO9) remain largely unknown. This study aims to characterize the role and oncogenic mechanisms of ANO9 in stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We examined the expression of ANO9 in colorectal cancerous tissues and cells using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Multiple cellular and molecular approaches such as gene transfection, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and invasion assay were also performed to explore its oncogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, the clinical significance of ANO9 in clinical CRC specimens was assessed by clinical correlation and survival analyses. RESULTS Lower expression of ANO9 messenger RNA (mRNA) was frequently detected both in CRC tissues with recurrence and metastasis-derived cell lines. Compared with matched nontumorous tissues, lower expression of ANO9 protein was observed in tumors, which was significantly correlated with tumorigenesis (p < 0.05). In vitro functional studies showed that ANO9 contributed to tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Moreover, investigation of clinical CRC specimens showed that ANO9 were markedly overexpressed in metastatic tissue compared with primary tissue. Decreased expression of ANO9 was correlated with poor prognostic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the role of ANO9 in progression and metastasis of stage II and III CRC. These findings suggested that up-regulation of ANO9, as a metastasis-related gene, could be a novel approach for inhibiting CRC progression.
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Lamothe SM, Guo J, Li W, Yang T, Zhang S. The Human Ether-a-go-go-related Gene (hERG) Potassium Channel Represents an Unusual Target for Protease-mediated Damage. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20387-401. [PMID: 27502273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKr), which is important for cardiac repolarization. Dysfunction of hERG causes long QT syndrome and sudden death, which occur in patients with cardiac ischemia. Cardiac ischemia is also associated with activation, up-regulation, and secretion of various proteolytic enzymes. Here, using whole-cell patch clamp and Western blotting analysis, we demonstrate that the hERG/IKr channel was selectively cleaved by the serine protease, proteinase K (PK). Using molecular biology techniques including making a chimeric channel between protease-sensitive hERG and insensitive human ether-a-go-go (hEAG), as well as application of the scorpion toxin BeKm-1, we identified that the S5-pore linker of hERG is the target domain for proteinase K cleavage. To investigate the physiological relevance of the unique susceptibility of hERG to proteases, we show that cardiac ischemia in a rabbit model was associated with a reduction in mature ERG expression and an increase in the expression of several proteases, including calpain. Using cell biology approaches, we found that calpain-1 was actively released into the extracellular milieu and cleaved hERG at the S5-pore linker. Using protease cleavage-predicting software and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified that calpain-1 cleaves hERG at position Gly-603 in the S5-pore linker of hERG. Clarification of protease-mediated damage of hERG extends our understanding of hERG regulation. Damage of hERG mediated by proteases such as calpain may contribute to ischemia-associated QT prolongation and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Lamothe
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jun Guo
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Wentao Li
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tonghua Yang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Lunasin suppresses the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 via the FAK/Akt/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:253-62. [PMID: 27175819 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin is a naturally existing bioactive peptide with an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, which competes with integrins to bind with the extracellular matrix (ECM) consequently suppressing the integrin-mediated signaling pathway. Owing to the RGD motif, lunasin has been proven as an effective anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimetastatic agent in many types of cancer. However, knowledge of its inhibitory effect on metastasis and the related mechanism of action in breast cancer cells is limited. In this study, the inhibitory effect of lunasin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of two typical breast cancer cell lines, ER-negative MDA-MB-231 with αVβ3 expression and ER-positive MCF-7 with αVβ5/α5β1 expression, were examined in vitro as well the related mechanisms. The results demonstrated that lunasin (10-20 µM) effectively inhibited the migration and invasion activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2/-9 in both breast cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, we also found that lunasin inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, Akt, ERK and nucleus translocation of NF-κB, which indicates that, possibly via competing with αVβ3 or αVβ5/α5β1 integrin, lunasin suppresses the metastasis of breast cancer cells through integrin-mediated FAK/Akt/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways followed by downregulation of the activity and expression of MMP-2/-9.
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25
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Qu L, Li G, Xia D, Hongdu B, Xu C, Lin X, Chen Y. PRKCI negatively regulates autophagy via PIK3CA/AKT-MTOR signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:306-312. [PMID: 26792725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The atypical protein kinase C isoform PRKC iota (PRKCI) plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis, and it has been shown to be a human oncogene. Here, we show that PRKCI overexpression in U2OS cells impaired functional autophagy in normal or cell stress conditions, as characterized by decreased levels of light chain 3B-II protein (LC3B-II) and weakened degradation of endogenous and exogenous autophagic substrates. Conversely, PRKCI knockdown by small interference RNA resulted in opposite effects. Additionally, we identified two novel PRKCI mutants, PRKCI(L485M) and PRKCI(P560R), which induced autophagy and exhibited dominant negative effects. Further studies indicated that PRKCI knockdown-mediated autophagy was associated with the inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha/AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PIK3CA/AKT-MTOR) signaling. These data underscore the importance of PRKCI in the regulation of autophagy. Moreover, the finding may be useful in treating PRKCI-overexpressing carcinomas that are characterized by increased levels of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Beiqi Hongdu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chentong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Yoneyama R, Aoshiba K, Furukawa K, Saito M, Kataba H, Nakamura H, Ikeda N. Nicotine enhances hepatocyte growth factor-mediated lung cancer cell migration by activating the α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor and phosphoinositide kinase-3-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:673-677. [PMID: 26870265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking not only promotes lung carcinogenesis, but it has also been demonstrated to promote the progression of lung cancer. Despite nicotine being a major component of cigarette smoke, it is not carcinogenic when acting alone. Instead, it is believed to function as a tumor promoter. Due to the fatal consequences of lung cancer being primarily associated with the processes of invasion and metastasis, the present study aimed to determine the effect of nicotine on the migratory activity of lung cancer cells. The effect of nicotine on the migration of lung cancer A549 cells was evaluated by a wound healing assay. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was used as a pro-migratory stimulus. During several of the experiments, specific inhibitors of α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAchR), phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 were included. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and ERK1/2 were examined using a cell-based protein phosphorylation assay. It was observed that nicotine did not induce cell migration by itself, but that it instead promoted HGF-induced cell migration. The effects of nicotine were inhibited by the pretreatment of the cells with the α7-nAchR inhibitor, methyllycaconitine, and the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase inhibitor exerted modest, but non-significant inhibitory activity on the effect of nicotine. Nicotine did not induce Akt phosphorylation by itself, but instead promoted the HGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt. It was also observed that nicotine had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The results from the present study indicate that nicotine, when alone, does not have a pro-migratory function, but instead enhances responsiveness to the pro-migratory stimulus emitted by HGF. The current study provides an insight into the mechanism of tumor promotion by demonstrating that nicotine and α7-nAchRs act in synergy with the HGF-induced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to HGF, and thereby promoting cell migration, a vital step in invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Yoneyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kinya Furukawa
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataba
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An important role has emerged for calpain enzymes in regulating inflammation with one isoform, calpain-2, particularly important for macrophage activation. The goal of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of a synthetic calpain-2 inhibitor, zLLY-CH2F, for colitis and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer. METHODS Mice were then subjected to the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis and colitis-associated cancer incorporating intervention with daily injections of 0.75 mg/kg calpain-2 inhibitor beginning after the first signs of colitis. RESULTS Calpain-2 inhibitor treatment alleviated weight loss and bloody diarrhea, and reduced inflammatory infiltration into colon tissues and inflammatory cytokine mRNA. Calpain-2 inhibitor intervention also reduced total colitis-associated cancer tumor volume by up to 70% in vehicle control mice and decreased cancer pathology scores of blinded histological colon tissue analyses. Mechanistic investigations showed that calpain-2 inhibition during macrophage activation reduced inhibitor of kappa beta (IκB) degradation and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) nuclear localization as well as secretion of specific inflammatory cytokines. In addition, calpain-2 inhibitor treatment of CT26.WT mouse and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells decreased proliferation and reduced IκB degradation and NFκB translocation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that intervention with a calpain-2 inhibitor may reduce colitis and colitis-associated cancer through a two-hit process of limiting macrophage activation and inhibiting growth of the colorectal cancer cells themselves.
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Storr SJ, Thompson N, Pu X, Zhang Y, Martin SG. Calpain in Breast Cancer: Role in Disease Progression and Treatment Response. Pathobiology 2015; 82:133-41. [PMID: 26330354 DOI: 10.1159/000430464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The calpains are a family of intracellular cysteine proteases that function in a wide array of cellular activities, including cytoskeletal remodelling, survival and apoptosis. The ubiquitously expressed micro (µ)-calpain and milli (m)-calpain are archetypal family members that require calcium for function and can be inhibited by their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin. This review describes the role of the calpain system in the prognosis of breast cancer and disease progression, in addition to the role of the calpain system in the response to breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapeutic, endocrine and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Storr
- Academic Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
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Cheng Z, Jiang X, Pansuria M, Fang P, Mai J, Mallilankaraman K, Gandhirajan RK, Eguchi S, Scalia R, Madesh M, Yang X, Wang H. Hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperglycemia induce and potentiate endothelial dysfunction via μ-calpain activation. Diabetes 2015; 64:947-59. [PMID: 25352635 PMCID: PMC4338586 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are positively correlated with cardiovascular mortality in diabetes. However, the joint effect of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hyperglycemia (HG) on endothelial dysfunction (ED) and the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. Mild (22 µmol/L) and moderate (88 µmol/L) HHcy were induced in cystathionine β-synthase wild-type (Cbs(+/+)) and heterozygous-deficient (Cbs(-/+)) mice by a high-methionine (HM) diet. HG was induced by consecutive injection of streptozotocin. We found that HG worsened HHcy and elevated Hcy levels to 53 and 173 µmol/L in Cbs(+/+) and Cbs(-/+) mice fed an HM diet, respectively. Both mild and moderate HHcy aggravated HG-impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation to acetylcholine, which was completely abolished by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. HHcy potentiated HG-induced calpain activation in aortic endothelial cells isolated from Cbs mice. Calpain inhibitors rescued HHcy- and HHcy/HG-induced ED in vivo and ex vivo. Moderate HHcy- and HG-induced μ-calpain activation was potentiated by a combination of HHcy and HG in the mouse aorta. μ-Calpain small interfering RNA (μ-calpsiRNA) prevented HHcy/HG-induced ED in the mouse aorta and calpain activation in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) treated with DL-Hcy (500 µmol/L) and d-glucose (25 mmol) for 48 h. In addition, HHcy accelerated HG-induced superoxide production as determined by dihydroethidium and 3-nitrotyrosin staining and urinary 8-isoprostane/creatinine assay. Antioxidants rescued HHcy/HG-induced ED in mouse aortas and calpain activation in cultured HAECs. Finally, HHcy potentiated HG-suppressed nitric oxide production and eNOS activity in HAECs, which were prevented by calpain inhibitors or μ-calpsiRNA. HHcy aggravated HG-increased phosphorylation of eNOS at threonine 497/495 (eNOS-pThr497/495) in the mouse aorta and HAECs. HHcy/HG-induced eNOS-pThr497/495 was reversed by µ-calpsiRNA and adenoviral transduced dominant negative protein kinase C (PKC)β2 in HAECs. HHcy and HG induced ED, which was potentiated by the combination of HHcy and HG via μ-calpain/PKCβ2 activation-induced eNOS-pThr497/495 and eNOS inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Cheng
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Meghana Pansuria
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pu Fang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jietang Mai
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Satoru Eguchi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Nagesh N, Raju G, Srinivas R, Ramesh P, Reddy MD, Reddy CR. A dihydroindolizino indole derivative selectively stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA and down-regulates c-MYC expression in human cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Moretti D, Del Bello B, Allavena G, Maellaro E. Calpains and cancer: Friends or enemies? Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ojima K, Ono Y, Hata S, Noguchi S, Nishino I, Sorimachi H. Muscle-specific calpain-3 is phosphorylated in its unique insertion region for enrichment in a myofibril fraction. Genes Cells 2014; 19:830-41. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; 2 Ikenodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Kodaira Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project; Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
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33
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Krifa M, Leloup L, Ghedira K, Mousli M, Chekir-Ghedira L. Luteolin Induces Apoptosis in BE Colorectal Cancer Cells by Downregulating Calpain, UHRF1, and DNMT1 Expressions. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1220-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Zhao K, Wei L, Hui H, Dai Q, You QD, Guo QL, Lu N. Wogonin suppresses melanoma cell B16-F10 invasion and migration by inhibiting Ras-medicated pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106458. [PMID: 25203554 PMCID: PMC4159230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients diagnosed with melanoma have a bad prognosis for early regional invasion and distant metastases. Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is one of the active components of flavonoids that extracts from Scutellariae radix. Several previous studies reported that wogonin possesses antitumor effect against leukemia, gastrointestinal cancer and breast cancer. In this study, we used melanoma cell B16-F10 to further investigate the anti-invasive and anti-migratory activity of wogonin. Our date showed that wogonin caused suppression of cell migration, adhesion, invasion and actin remodeling by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and Rac1 in vitro. Wogonin also reduced the number of the tumor nodules on the whole surface of the lung in vivo. Furthermore, the examination of mechanism revealed that wogonin inhibited Extracellular Regulated protein Kinases and Protein Kinase B pathways, which are both medicated by Ras. Insulin-like growth factor-1-induced or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced invasion was also inhibited by wogonin. Therefore, the inhibitory mechanism of melanoma cell invasion by wogonin might be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinsheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-DY); (Q-LG); (NL)
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-DY); (Q-LG); (NL)
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Q-DY); (Q-LG); (NL)
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35
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Molas S, Dierssen M. The role of nicotinic receptors in shaping and functioning of the glutamatergic system: a window into cognitive pathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:315-25. [PMID: 24879992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the cholinergic system in learning, memory and attention has long been recognized, although its neurobiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent evidence identifies the endogenous cholinergic signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as key players in determining the morphological and functional maturation of the glutamatergic system. Here, we review the available experimental and clinical evidence of nAChRs contribution to the establishment of the glutamatergic system, and therefore to cognitive function. We provide some clues of the putative underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss recent human studies that associate genetic variability of the genes encoding nAChR subunits with cognitive disorders. Finally, we discuss the new avenues to therapeutically targeting nAChRs in persons with cognitive dysfunction for which the α7-nAChR subunit is an important etiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molas
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain.
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36
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
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37
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Abstract
Calpain is a conserved family of calcium-dependent, cytosolic, neutral cysteine proteases. The best characterized members of the family are the ubiquitously expressed calpain 1 and calpain 2. They perform controlled proteolysis of their target proteins. The regulation of these enzymes includes autolysis, calcium, phosphorylation as a posttranslational modification, and binding of calpastatin, phospholipids or activator proteins, respectively. Calpain are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. They have significant role in the cell proliferation, differentiation and migration in a variety of mammalian cell types, contributing to the development of angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and cancer. Therefore the knowledge of the precise mechanism of calpain signaling could provide therapeutic approaches in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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38
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Kishore R, Benedict C, Cheng Z. μ-Calpain as a Novel Target for Impairment of Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vascular Relaxation in Diabetes: A Mini Review. J Mol Genet Med 2014; 9. [PMID: 26120352 PMCID: PMC4482122 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders. In diabetes, incidence of coronary artery diseases and peripheral vascular diseases is increased 2- to 4-fold and 10-fold, respectively, compared to healthy individuals. In spite of extensive studies, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction (ED), an early event in the development of vascular diseases, remain incompletely understood in diabetes. This mini-review discusses the role and signaling pathways of calpains - a family of Ca2+-sensitive intracellular proteases in nitric oxide (NO)-mediated ED in diabetes. We conclude that activation of calpains, especially μ-calpain, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NO-mediated ED and inflammatory responses in diabetes which is mainly via endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) inactivation/degradation in macro- and micro-vasculature. We review existing literature demonstrating that hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated plasma homocysteine level, potentiates hyperglycemia-induced ED via μ-calpain/PKCβ2 activation-induced eNOS-pThr497/495 and eNOS inactivation. μ-calpain may be a critical therapeutic target for NO-mediated ED in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Cynthia Benedict
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, USA
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39
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Baicalein inhibits the invasion and metastatic capabilities of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via down-regulation of the ERK pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72927. [PMID: 24039823 PMCID: PMC3765161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has historically been used in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies. However, the anti-metastatic effect and molecular mechanism(s) of baicalein on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the anti-metastatic effects of baicalein and related mechanism(s) on HCC. Based on assays utilized in both HCC cell lines and in an animal model, we found that baicalein inhibited tumor cell metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, after treatment with baicalein for 24 hours, there was a decrease in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) expression as well as proteinase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells. Meanwhile, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 were increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, baicalein treatment dramatically decreased the levels of the phosphorylated forms of MEK1 and ERK1/2. MEK1 overexpression partially blocked the anti-metastatic effects of baicalein. Combined treatment with an ERK inhibitor (U0126) and baicalein resulted in a synergistic reduction in MMP-2, MMP-9 and u-PA expression and an increase in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression; the invasive capabilities of MHCC97H cells were also inhibited. In conclusion, baicalein inhibits tumor cell invasion and metastasis by reducing cell motility and migration via the suppression of the ERK pathway, suggesting that baicalein is a potential therapeutic agent for HCC.
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40
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Liu K, Guo L, Miao L, Bao W, Yang J, Li X, Xi T, Zhao W. Ursolic acid inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 in human nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:494-503. [PMID: 23511428 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328360093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most death-related cancers worldwide. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, has a wide range of anticancer functions such as proapoptosis, antiangiogenesis, and antimetastasis. This study was carried out to explore the inhibition mechanism of UA on metastasis of lung cancer A549 cells. First, we found that UA inhibited the metastasis of lung cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner through an adhesion assay, a cell wound healing assay, and a transwell migration assay in vitro. In addition, after treatment with UA, the A549 cells showed decreased expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) accompanied by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin, which have been reported to characterize the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further results also confirmed that the expression of vimentin was decreased by the siRNA technique to directly knock down AEG-1 expression, indicating that AEG-1 was involved in UA-mediated EMT inhibition. Furthermore, our results showed that UA suppressed the expression level of AEG-1 by repressing nuclear factor-κB signaling. Altogether, UA inhibited the EMT by suppressing the expression of AEG-1, correlating with inhibition of nuclear factor-κB in A549 cells. These findings suggested that UA was a potent anti-lung cancer agent, and it may be able to prevent invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 People's Republic of China
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41
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Wang BS, Yang Y, Yang H, Liu YZ, Hao JJ, Zhang Y, Shi ZZ, Jia XM, Zhan QM, Wang MR. PKCι counteracts oxidative stress by regulating Hsc70 in an esophageal cancer cell line. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:359-66. [PMID: 23224638 PMCID: PMC3631091 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry approach and immunoprecipitation/immunoblot analysis, we found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was involved in the complex formed by atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) and LC3 in the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30. Further study indicated that Hsc70 was targeted by autophagic degradation, and knockdown of PKCι down-regulated Hsc70 by promoting autophagy. PKCι knockdown sensitized cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, whereas forced PKCι expression counteracted the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yang Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yi-Zhen Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Zhi-Zhou Shi
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Xue-Mei Jia
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi-Min Zhan
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
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42
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Chen B, Tang J, Guo YS, Li Y, Chen ZN, Jiang JL. Calpains are required for invasive and metastatic potentials of human HCC cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:643-52. [PMID: 23733271 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a conserved family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteinases involved in various cellular functions. Two ubiquitous isoforms, µ- and m-calpain, are key members of the calpain family that play essential roles in regulating cell migration and invasion. However, it remains unclear whether they are involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the functions of µ- and m-calpain in the invasive and metastatic processes of human hepatoma cells. Our results indicated that the expression levels of calpains were elevated in HCC cells compared with those in normal hepatic cells. Our results indicated that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of µ- and m-calpain expressions significantly suppressed the adhesive, migrative and invasive potentials of human hepatoma cells. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key regulators of malignant tumour invasion and metastasis. siRNA-mediated down-regulation of µ- and m-calpain expressions also significantly attenuated MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion. Thus µ- and m-calpain may play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of human hepatoma cells, and calpains may be drug targets for preventing HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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43
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Kjær S, Linch M, Purkiss A, Kostelecky B, Knowles PP, Rosse C, Riou P, Soudy C, Kaye S, Patel B, Soriano E, Murray-Rust J, Barton C, Dillon C, Roffey J, Parker PJ, McDonald NQ. Adenosine-binding motif mimicry and cellular effects of a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C isoenzymes. Biochem J 2013; 451:329-42. [PMID: 23418854 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aPKC [atypical PKC (protein kinase C)] isoforms ι and ζ play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cell polarity and represent attractive anti-oncogenic drug targets in Ras-dependent tumours. To date, few isoform-specific chemical biology tools are available to inhibit aPKC catalytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the identification and functional characterization of potent and selective thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitors of aPKCs. A crystal structure of human PKCι kinase domain bound to a representative compound, CRT0066854, reveals the basis for potent and selective chemical inhibition. Furthermore, CRT0066854 displaces a crucial Asn-Phe-Asp motif that is part of the adenosine-binding pocket and engages an acidic patch used by arginine-rich PKC substrates. We show that CRT0066854 inhibits the LLGL2 (lethal giant larvae 2) phosphorylation in cell lines and exhibits phenotypic effects in a range of cell-based assays. We conclude that this compound can be used as a chemical tool to modulate aPKC activity in vitro and in vivo and may guide the search for further aPKC-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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44
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Storr SJ, Safuan S, Woolston CM, Abdel-Fatah T, Deen S, Chan SY, Martin SG. Calpain-2 expression is associated with response to platinum based chemotherapy, progression-free and overall survival in ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2422-8. [PMID: 22435971 PMCID: PMC3472029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is routinely treated with surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Resistance is a major obstacle in the efficacy of this chemotherapy regimen and the ability to identify those patients at risk of developing resistance is of considerable clinical importance. The expression of calpain-1, calpain-2 and calpastatin were determined using standard immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 154 primary ovarian carcinomas from patients subsequently treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. High levels of calpain-2 expression was significantly associated with platinum resistant tumours (P = 0.031). Furthermore, high expression of calpain-2 was significantly associated with progression-free (P = 0.049) and overall survival (P = 0.006) in this cohort. The association between calpain-2 expression and overall survival remained significant in multivariate analysis accounting for tumour grade, stage, optimal debulking and platinum sensitivity (hazard ratio = 2.174; 95% confidence interval = 1.144–4.130; P = 0.018). The results suggest that determining calpain-2 expression in ovarian carcinomas may allow prognostic stratification of patients treated with surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. The findings of this study warrant validation in a larger clinical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Storr
- Academic Oncology, University of Nottingham, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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45
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Warren GW, Singh AK. Nicotine and lung cancer. J Carcinog 2013; 12:1. [PMID: 23599683 PMCID: PMC3622363 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use in cancer patients is associated with increased cancer treatment failure and decreased survival. Nicotine is one of over 7,000 compounds in tobacco smoke and nicotine is the principal chemical associated with addiction. The purpose of this article is to review the tumor promoting activities of nicotine. Nicotine and its metabolites can promote tumor growth through increased proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and stimulation of autocrine loops associated with tumor growth. Furthermore, nicotine can decrease the biologic effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Common mechanisms appear to involve activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors leading to downstream activation of parallel signal transduction pathways that facilitate tumor progression and resistance to treatment. Data suggest that nicotine may be an important mechanism by which tobacco promotes tumor development, progression, and resistance to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Warren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA and Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA ; Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA and Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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46
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Wang BS, Yang Y, Lu HZ, Shang L, Zhang Y, Hao JJ, Shi ZZ, Wang XM, Liu YZ, Zhan QM, Jia XM, Wang MR. Inhibition of atypical protein kinase Cι induces apoptosis through autophagic degradation of β-catenin in esophageal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:514-25. [PMID: 23359356 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) has been identified as an oncoprotein in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of PKCι in this disease remain unclear. In the present work, we found that inhibition of PKCι expression by RNAi induced apoptosis via the down-regulation of β-catenin in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that PKCι regulated β-catenin in an autophagy dependent way. Since down-regulation of β-catenin induced by knockdown of PKCι could be rescued by autophagy inhibition; knockdown of PKCι activated autophagy and promoted the recruitment of β-catenin into autophagosome. These results suggested that PKCι positively regulated β-catenin through negatively regulated autophagy and depletion of PKCι promoted apoptosis via autophagic degradation of β-catenin in esophageal cancer cells. These data provide new insights into PKCι signaling in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Wu SQ, Lv YE, Lin BH, Luo LM, Lv SL, Bi AH, Jia YS. Silencing of periostin inhibits nicotine-mediated tumor cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:875-80. [PMID: 23314871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine has been found to induce the proliferation of lung cancer cells through tumor invasion and to confer resistance to apoptosis. Periostin is abnormally highly expressed in lung cancer and is correlated with angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Here, we investigated the roles of periostin in the lung cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by nicotine. The periostin gene was silenced using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The cells were transfected with control or periostin siRNA plasmids. Periostin mRNA was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell proliferation was detected using the MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Tumor invasion was detected by the Boyden chamber invasion assay. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of the EMT marker Snail. Our results revealed that stably periostin-silenced cells were acquired by G418 screening, and the periostin mRNA expression levels of which were decreased by nearly 80%. Periostin-silenced A549 cells exhibited reduced cell proliferation, elevated sensitivity to chemotherapy with cisplatin, decreased cell invasion and Snail expression (P<0.05). Nicotine upregulated the periostin protein levels in the A549 cells and this upregulation was not blocked by the generalized nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, hexamethonium. In conclusion, periostin is one of the targets regulated by nicotine in lung cancer cells and is involved in the cancer cell growth, drug resistance, invasion and EMT induced by nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
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Wen J, Fu JH, Zhang W, Guo M. Lung carcinoma signaling pathways activated by smoking. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:551-8. [PMID: 21801603 PMCID: PMC4013405 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, with over a million deaths annually. Tobacco smoke is the major etiologic risk factor for lung cancer in current or previous smokers and has been strongly related to certain types of lung cancer, such as small cell lung carcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma. In recent years, there has been an increased incidence of lung adenocarcinoma. This change is strongly associated with changes in smoking behavior and cigarette design. Carcinogens present in tobacco products and their intermediate metabolites can activate multiple signaling pathways that contribute to lung cancer carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the smoking-activated signaling pathways involved in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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Storr SJ, Lee KW, Woolston CM, Safuan S, Green AR, Macmillan RD, Benhasouna A, Parr T, Ellis IO, Martin SG. Calpain system protein expression in basal-like and triple-negative invasive breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2289-2296. [PMID: 22745213 PMCID: PMC3425372 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like and triple-negative breast tumours encompass an important clinical subgroup and biomarkers that can prognostically stratify these patients are required. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated two breast cancer tissue microarrays for the expression of calpain-1, calpain-2 and calpastatin using immunohistochemistry. The first microarray was comprised of invasive tumours from 1371 unselected patients, and the verification microarray was comprised of invasive tumours from 387 oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients. RESULTS The calpain system contains a number of proteases and an endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin. Calpain activity is implicated in important cellular processes including cytoskeletal remodelling, apoptosis and survival. Our results show that the expression of calpastatin and calpain-1 are significantly associated with various clinicopathological criteria including tumour grade and ER expression. High expression of calpain-2 in basal-like or triple-negative disease was associated with adverse breast cancer-specific survival (P = 0.003 and <0.001, respectively) and was verified in an independent cohort of patients. Interestingly, those patients with basal-like or triple-negative disease with a low level of calpain-2 expression had similar breast cancer-specific survival to non-basal- or receptor- (oestrogen, progesterone or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) positive disease. CONCLUSIONS Expression of the large catalytic subunit of m-calpain (calpain-2) is significantly associated with clinical outcome of patients with triple-negative and basal-like disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Calpain/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A R Green
- Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham
| | - R D Macmillan
- The Breast Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham
| | - A Benhasouna
- Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham
| | - T Parr
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - I O Ellis
- Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham
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50
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Tang F, Zhang R, He Y, Zou M, Guo L, Xi T. MicroRNA-125b induces metastasis by targeting STARD13 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35435. [PMID: 22693547 PMCID: PMC3365056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs to trigger either translation repression or mRNA degradation. miR-125b is down-regulated in human breast cancer cells compared with the normal ones except highly metastatic tumor cells MDA-MB-231. However, few functional studies were designed to investigate metastatic potential of miR-125b. In this study, the effects of miR-125b on metastasis in human breast cancer cells were studied, and the targets of miR-125b were also explored. Transwell migration assay, cell wound healing assay, adhesion assay and nude mice model of metastasis were utilized to investigate the effects of miR-125b on metastasis potential in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it was implied STARD13 (DLC2) was a direct target of miR-125b by Target-Scan analysis, luciferase reporter assay and western blot. Furthermore, activation of STARD13 was identified responsible for metastasis induced by miR-125b through a siRNA targeting STARD13. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescent assay and western blot was used to observe the variation of Vimentin and α-SMA in breast cancer cells. In summary, our study provided new insights into the function of miR-125b during the metastasis of breat cancer cells and also suggested the role of miR-125b in pro-metastasis by targeting STARD13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TX); (FT)
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunmian He
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TX); (FT)
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