1
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Chetwynd SA, Andrews S, Inglesfield S, Delon C, Ktistakis NT, Welch HCE. Functions and mechanisms of the GPCR adaptor protein Norbin. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1545-1558. [PMID: 37503670 PMCID: PMC10586782 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Norbin (Neurochondrin, NCDN) is a highly conserved 79 kDa adaptor protein that was first identified more than a quarter of a century ago as a gene up-regulated in rat hippocampus upon induction of long-term potentiation. Most research has focussed on the role of Norbin in the nervous system, where the protein is highly expressed. Norbin regulates neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity, and is essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of Norbin is linked to a variety of neurological conditions. Recently, Norbin was shown to be expressed in myeloid cells as well as neurons. Myeloid-cell specific deletion revealed an important role of Norbin as a suppressor of neutrophil-derived innate immunity. Norbin limits the ability of neutrophils to clear bacterial infections by curbing the responsiveness of these cells to inflammatory and infectious stimuli. Mechanistically, Norbin regulates cell responses through binding to its interactors, in particular to a wide range of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Norbin association with GPCRs controls GPCR trafficking and signalling. Other important Norbin interactors are the Rac guanine-nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1 and protein kinase A. Downstream signalling pathways regulated by Norbin include ERK, Ca2+ and the small GTPase Rac. Here, we review the current understanding of Norbin structure, expression and its roles in health and disease. We also explore Norbin signalling through its interactors, with a particular focus on GPCR trafficking and signalling. Finally, we discuss avenues that could be pursued in the future to increase our understanding of Norbin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, U.K
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2
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Guss EJ, Akbergenova Y, Cunningham KL, Littleton JT. Loss of the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan disrupts axonal and synaptic stability during Drosophila development. eLife 2023; 12:RP88273. [PMID: 37368474 PMCID: PMC10328508 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) form essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) and have both structural and signaling roles. Perlecan is a secreted ECM-localized HSPG that contributes to tissue integrity and cell-cell communication. Although a core component of the ECM, the role of Perlecan in neuronal structure and function is less understood. Here, we identify a role for Drosophila Perlecan in the maintenance of larval motoneuron axonal and synaptic stability. Loss of Perlecan causes alterations in the axonal cytoskeleton, followed by axonal breakage and synaptic retraction of neuromuscular junctions. These phenotypes are not prevented by blocking Wallerian degeneration and are independent of Perlecan's role in Wingless signaling. Expression of Perlecan solely in motoneurons cannot rescue synaptic retraction phenotypes. Similarly, removing Perlecan specifically from neurons, glia, or muscle does not cause synaptic retraction, indicating the protein is secreted from multiple cell types and functions non-cell autonomously. Within the peripheral nervous system, Perlecan predominantly localizes to the neural lamella, a specialized ECM surrounding nerve bundles. Indeed, the neural lamella is disrupted in the absence of Perlecan, with axons occasionally exiting their usual boundary in the nerve bundle. In addition, entire nerve bundles degenerate in a temporally coordinated manner across individual hemi-segments throughout larval development. These observations indicate disruption of neural lamella ECM function triggers axonal destabilization and synaptic retraction of motoneurons, revealing a role for Perlecan in axonal and synaptic integrity during nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Guss
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Yulia Akbergenova
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Karen L Cunningham
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - J Troy Littleton
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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3
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Ajayi PT, Katti P, Zhang Y, Willingham TB, Sun Y, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Regulation of the evolutionarily conserved muscle myofibrillar matrix by cell type dependent and independent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2661. [PMID: 35562354 PMCID: PMC9106682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play a central role in human movement through forces transmitted by contraction of the sarcomere. We recently showed that mammalian sarcomeres are connected through frequent branches forming a singular, mesh-like myofibrillar matrix. However, the extent to which myofibrillar connectivity is evolutionarily conserved as well as mechanisms which regulate the specific architecture of sarcomere branching remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a myofibrillar matrix in the tubular, but not indirect flight (IF) muscles within Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, we find that loss of transcription factor H15 increases sarcomere branching frequency in the tubular jump muscles, and we show that sarcomere branching can be turned on in IF muscles by salm-mediated conversion to tubular muscles. Finally, we demonstrate that neurochondrin misexpression results in myofibrillar connectivity in IF muscles without conversion to tubular muscles. These data indicate an evolutionarily conserved myofibrillar matrix regulated by both cell-type dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Ajayi
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Ye Sun
- Electron Microscopy Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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4
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Kao SY, Nikonova E, Chaabane S, Sabani A, Martitz A, Wittner A, Heemken J, Straub T, Spletter ML. A Candidate RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse RNA-Binding Protein Phenotypes in Drosophila Flight Muscle. Cells 2021; 10:2505. [PMID: 34685485 PMCID: PMC8534295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. Alternative splicing is disrupted in muscle diseases such as myotonic dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and is altered after intense exercise as well as with aging. It is therefore important to understand splicing and RBP function, but currently, only a small fraction of the hundreds of annotated RBPs expressed in muscle have been characterized. Here, we demonstrate the utility of Drosophila as a genetic model system to investigate basic developmental mechanisms of RBP function in myogenesis. We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. We performed knockdown with 105 RNAi hairpins targeting 35 RBPs and report associated lethality, flight, myofiber and sarcomere defects, including flight muscle phenotypes for Doa, Rm62, mub, mbl, sbr, and clu. Knockdown phenotypes of spliceosome components, as highlighted by phenotypes for A-complex components SF1 and Hrb87F (hnRNPA1), revealed level- and temporal-dependent myofibril defects. We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of kettin to the Z-disc. Our results expand the number of RBPs with a described phenotype in muscle and underscore the diversity in myofibril and transcriptomic phenotypes associated with splicing defects. Drosophila is thus a powerful model to gain disease-relevant insight into cellular and molecular phenotypes observed when expression levels of splicing factors, spliceosome components and splicing dynamics are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Sabrina Chaabane
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Albiona Sabani
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Alexandra Martitz
- Molecular Nutrition Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Anja Wittner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakob Heemken
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany;
| | - Maria L. Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
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5
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Keith SA, Bishop C, Fallacaro S, McCartney BM. Arc1 and the microbiota together modulate growth and metabolic traits in Drosophila. Development 2021; 148:271091. [PMID: 34323271 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations to animal-associated microbial communities (the microbiota) have deleterious effects on various aspects of host fitness, but the molecular processes underlying these impacts are poorly understood. Here, we identify a connection between the microbiota and the neuronal factor Arc1 that affects growth and metabolism in Drosophila. We find that Arc1 exhibits tissue-specific microbiota-dependent expression changes, and that germ-free flies bearing a null mutation of Arc1 exhibit delayed and stunted larval growth, along with a variety of molecular, cellular and organismal traits indicative of metabolic dysregulation. Remarkably, we show that the majority of these phenotypes can be fully suppressed by mono-association with a single Acetobacter sp. isolate, through mechanisms involving both bacterial diet modification and live bacteria. Additionally, we provide evidence that Arc1 function in key neuroendocrine cells of the larval brain modulates growth and metabolic homeostasis under germ-free conditions. Our results reveal a role for Arc1 in modulating physiological responses to the microbial environment, and highlight how host-microbe interactions can profoundly impact the phenotypic consequences of genetic mutations in an animal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Keith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cassandra Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Samantha Fallacaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brooke M McCartney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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6
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Ahmed-Braimah YH, Wolfner MF, Clark AG. Differences in Postmating Transcriptional Responses between Conspecific and Heterospecific Matings in Drosophila. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:986-999. [PMID: 33035303 PMCID: PMC7947788 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many animal species, females undergo physiological and behavioral changes after mating. Some of these changes are driven by male-derived seminal fluid proteins and are critical for fertilization success. Unfortunately, our understanding of the molecular interplay between female and male reproductive proteins remains inadequate. Here, we analyze the postmating response in a Drosophila species that has evolved strong gametic incompatibility with its sister species; Drosophila novamexicana females produce only ∼1% fertilized eggs in crosses with Drosophila americana males, compared to ∼98% produced in within-species crosses. This incompatibility is likely caused by mismatched male and female reproductive molecules. In this study, we use short-read RNA sequencing to examine the evolutionary dynamics of female reproductive genes and the postmating transcriptome response in crosses within and between species. First, we found that most female reproductive tract genes are slow-evolving compared to the genome average. Second, postmating responses in con- and heterospecific matings are largely congruent, but heterospecific matings induce expression of additional stress-response genes. Some of those are immunity genes that are activated by the Imd pathway. We also identify several genes in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway that are induced in heterospecific, but not conspecific mating. While this immune response was most pronounced in the female reproductive tract, we also detect it in the female head and ovaries. These results show that the female's postmating transcriptome-level response is determined in part by the genotype of the male, and that divergence in male reproductive genes and/or traits can have immunogenic effects on females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir H Ahmed-Braimah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 13850
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 13850
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 13850
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7
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Kidera H, Hatabu T, Takahashi KH. Apoptosis inhibition mitigates aging effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica 2020; 148:69-76. [PMID: 32219590 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that results in progressive loss of cell, tissue, and organ function. One of the causing factors of the aging process is the decrease in muscle mass, which has not been fully verified in Drosophila. Apoptotic cell death may result in aberrant cell loss and can eventually diminish tissue function and muscle atrophy. If so, inhibition of apoptosis may prolong longevity and reduce motor function and muscle mass decline with age in Drosophila flies. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster as study material, and induced the overexpression of Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 gene to inhibit apoptosis, and investigated the effect of apoptosis inhibition on the longevity and age-related declines in flight and climbing ability and muscle mass. As a result, the inhibition of apoptosis tended to mitigate the aging effects and prolonged longevity and reduced climbing ability decline with age. The current study suggests that apoptosis inhibition could mitigate the aging effects in D. melanogaster. Although such effects have already been known in mammals, the current results suggest that the apoptosis may play a similar role in insects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kidera
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuo H Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
Using neXtProt release 2019-01-11, we manually curated a list of 1837 functionally uncharacterized human proteins. Using OrthoList 2, we found that 270 of them have homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans, including 60 with a one-to-one orthology relationship. According to annotations extracted from WormBase, the vast majority of these 60 worm genes have RNAi experimental data or mutant alleles, but manual inspection shows that only 15% have phenotypes that could be interpreted in terms of a specific function. One third of the worm orthologs have protein-protein interaction data, and two of these interactions are conserved in humans. The combination of phenotypic, protein-protein interaction, and gene expression data provides functional hypotheses for 8 uncharacterized human proteins. Experimental validation in human or orthologs is necessary before they can be considered for annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duek
- CALIPHO Group , SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Lydie Lane
- CALIPHO Group , SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva, CMU , Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
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9
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Moskalev A, Guvatova Z, Shaposhnikov M, Lashmanova E, Proshkina E, Koval L, Zhavoronkov A, Krasnov G, Kudryavtseva A. The Neuronal Overexpression of Gclc in Drosophila melanogaster Induces Life Extension With Longevity-Associated Transcriptomic Changes in the Thorax. Front Genet 2019; 10:149. [PMID: 30891062 PMCID: PMC6411687 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Some effects of aging in animals are tissue-specific. In D. melanogaster neuronal overexpression of Gclc increases lifespan and improves certain physiological parameters associated with health benefits such as locomotor activity, circadian rhythmicity, and stress resistance. Our previous transcriptomic analyses of Drosophila heads, primarily composed of neuronal tissue, revealed significant changes in expression levels of genes involved in aging-related signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, MAPK, FOXO, Notch, mTOR, TGF-beta), translation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, proteasomal degradation, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, regulation of circadian rhythms, differentiation of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and transmission. Considering that various tissues age differently and age-related gene expression changes are tissue-specific, we investigated the effects of neuronal Gclc overexpression on gene expression levels in the imago thorax, which is primarily composed of muscles. A total of 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed between thoraces of control and Gclc overexpressing flies. The Gclc level demonstrated associations with expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythmicity, the genes in categories related to the muscle system process and the downregulation of genes involved in proteolysis. Most of the functional categories altered by Gclc overexpression related to metabolism including Drug metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), One carbon pool by folate. Thus, the transcriptomic changes caused by neuron-specific Gclc overexpression in the thorax were less pronounced than in the head and affected pathways also differed from previous results. Although these pathways don't belong to the canonical longevity pathways, we suggest that they could participate in the delay of aging of Gclc overexpressing flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Zulfiya Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Proshkina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Liubov Koval
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | | | - George Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Ramirez J, Lectez B, Osinalde N, Sivá M, Elu N, Aloria K, Procházková M, Perez C, Martínez-Hernández J, Barrio R, Šašková KG, Arizmendi JM, Mayor U. Quantitative proteomics reveals neuronal ubiquitination of Rngo/Ddi1 and several proteasomal subunits by Ube3a, accounting for the complexity of Angelman syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1955-1971. [PMID: 29788202 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the lack of function in the brain of a single gene, UBE3A. The E3 ligase coded by this gene is known to build K48-linked ubiquitin chains, a modification historically considered to target substrates for degradation by the proteasome. However, a change in protein abundance is not proof that a candidate UBE3A substrate is indeed ubiquitinated by UBE3A. We have here used an unbiased ubiquitin proteomics approach, the bioUb strategy, to identify 79 proteins that appear more ubiquitinated in the Drosophila photoreceptor cells when Ube3a is over-expressed. We found a significantly high number of those proteins to be proteasomal subunits or proteasome-interacting proteins, suggesting a wide proteasomal perturbation in the brain of Angelman patients. We focused on validating the ubiquitination by Ube3a of Rngo, a proteasomal component conserved from yeast (Ddi1) to humans (DDI1 and DDI2), but yet scarcely characterized. Ube3a-mediated Rngo ubiquitination in fly neurons was confirmed by immunoblotting. Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in culture, we also observed that human DDI1 is ubiquitinated by UBE3A, without being targeted for degradation. The novel observation that DDI1 is expressed in the developing mice brain, with a significant peak at E16.5, strongly suggests that DDI1 has biological functions not yet described that could be of relevance for Angelman syndrome clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanma Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Benoit Lectez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Monika Sivá
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nagore Elu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Kerman Aloria
- Proteomics Core Facility-SGIKER, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Michaela Procházková
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Coralia Perez
- Functional Genomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jose Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Functional Genomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Klára Grantz Šašková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jesus M Arizmendi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Yu T, Dohl J, Chen Y, Gasier HG, Deuster PA. Astaxanthin but not quercetin preserves mitochondrial integrity and function, ameliorates oxidative stress, and reduces heat‐induced skeletal muscle injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13292-13302. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzheng Yu
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland
| | - Jacob Dohl
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland
| | - Yifan Chen
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland
| | - Heath G. Gasier
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland
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12
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Green N, Walker J, Bontrager A, Zych M, Geisbrecht ER. A tissue communication network coordinating innate immune response during muscle stress. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217943. [PMID: 30478194 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex tissue communication networks function throughout an organism's lifespan to maintain tissue homeostasis. Using the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster, we have defined a network of immune responses that are activated following the induction of muscle stresses, including hypercontraction, detachment and oxidative stress. Of these stressors, loss of the genes that cause muscle detachment produced the strongest levels of JAK-STAT activation. In one of these mutants, fondue (fon), we also observe hemocyte recruitment and the accumulation of melanin at muscle attachment sites (MASs), indicating a broad involvement of innate immune responses upon muscle detachment. Loss of fon results in pathogen-independent Toll signaling in the fat body and increased expression of the Toll-dependent antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin. Interestingly, genetic interactions between fon and various Toll pathway components enhance muscle detachment. Finally, we show that JAK-STAT and Toll signaling are capable of reciprocal activation in larval tissues. We propose a model of tissue communication for the integration of immune responses at the local and systemic level in response to altered muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Justin Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Alexandria Bontrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Molly Zych
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Madan A, Thimmaiya D, Franco-Cea A, Aiyaz M, Kumar P, Sparrow JC, Nongthomba U. Transcriptome analysis of IFM-specific actin and myosin nulls in Drosophila melanogaster unravels lesion-specific expression blueprints across muscle mutations. Gene 2017; 631:16-28. [PMID: 28739398 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction is a highly fine-tuned process that requires the precise and timely construction of large protein sub-assemblies to form sarcomeres. Mutations in many genes encoding constituent proteins of this macromolecular machine result in defective functioning of the muscle tissue. However, the pathways underlying muscle degeneration, and manifestation of myopathy phenotypes are not well understood. In this study, we explored transcriptional alterations that ensue from the absence of the two major muscle proteins - myosin and actin - using the Drosophila indirect flight muscles. Our aim was to understand how the muscle tissue responds as a whole to the absence of either of the major scaffold proteins, whether the responses are generic to the tissue; or unique to the thick versus thin filament systems. Our results indicated that muscles respond by altering gene transcriptional levels in multiple systems active in muscle remodelling, protein degradation and heat shock responses. However, there were some responses that were filament-specific signatures of muscle degeneration, like immune responses, metabolic alterations and alterations in expression of muscle structural genes and mitochondrial ribosomal genes. These general and filament-specific changes in gene expression may be of relevance to human myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Madan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
| | - Divesh Thimmaiya
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ari Franco-Cea
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560 094, India.
| | - Prabodh Kumar
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
| | - John C Sparrow
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
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A cis-regulatory mutation in troponin-I of Drosophila reveals the importance of proper stoichiometry of structural proteins during muscle assembly. Genetics 2015; 200:149-65. [PMID: 25747460 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.175604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and high wing-beat frequencies achieved during insect flight are powered by the indirect flight muscles, the largest group of muscles present in the thorax. Any anomaly during the assembly and/or structural impairment of the indirect flight muscles gives rise to a flightless phenotype. Multiple mutagenesis screens in Drosophila melanogaster for defective flight behavior have led to the isolation and characterization of mutations that have been instrumental in the identification of many proteins and residues that are important for muscle assembly, function, and disease. In this article, we present a molecular-genetic characterization of a flightless mutation, flightless-H (fliH), originally designated as heldup-a (hdp-a). We show that fliH is a cis-regulatory mutation of the wings up A (wupA) gene, which codes for the troponin-I protein, one of the troponin complex proteins, involved in regulation of muscle contraction. The mutation leads to reduced levels of troponin-I transcript and protein. In addition to this, there is also coordinated reduction in transcript and protein levels of other structural protein isoforms that are part of the troponin complex. The altered transcript and protein stoichiometry ultimately culminates in unregulated acto-myosin interactions and a hypercontraction muscle phenotype. Our results shed new insights into the importance of maintaining the stoichiometry of structural proteins during muscle assembly for proper function with implications for the identification of mutations and disease phenotypes in other species, including humans.
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15
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Gautam R, Vanga S, Madan A, Gayathri N, Nongthomba U, Umapathy S. Raman spectroscopic studies on screening of myopathies. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2187-94. [PMID: 25583313 DOI: 10.1021/ac503647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myopathies are among the major causes of mortality in the world. There is no complete cure for this heterogeneous group of diseases, but a sensitive, specific, and fast diagnostic tool may improve therapy effectiveness. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is applied to discriminate between muscle mutants in Drosophila on the basis of associated changes at the molecular level. Raman spectra were collected from indirect flight muscles of mutants, upheld(1) (up(1)), heldup(2) (hdp(2)), myosin heavy chain(7) (Mhc(7)), actin88F(KM88) (Act88F(KM88)), upheld(101) (up(101)), and Canton-S (CS) control group, for both 2 and 12 days old flies. Difference spectra (mutant minus control) of all the mutants showed an increase in nucleic acid and β-sheet and/or random coil protein content along with a decrease in α-helix protein. Interestingly, the 12th day samples of up(1) and Act88F(KM88) showed significantly higher levels of glycogen and carotenoids than CS. A principal components based linear discriminant analysis classification model was developed based on multidimensional Raman spectra, which classified the mutants according to their pathophysiology and yielded an overall accuracy of 97% and 93% for 2 and 12 days old flies, respectively. The up(1) and Act88F(KM88) (nemaline-myopathy) mutants form a group that is clearly separated in a linear discriminant plane from up(101) and hdp(2) (cardiomyopathy) mutants. Notably, Raman spectra from a human sample with nemaline-myopathy formed a cluster with the corresponding Drosophila mutant (up(1)). In conclusion, this is the first demonstration in which myopathies, despite their heterogeneity, were screened on the basis of biochemical differences using Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Gautam
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, and ∥Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, 560012, India
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16
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Norris AW, Bahr TM, Scholz TD, Peterson ES, Volk KA, Segar JL. Angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular load regulates cardiac remodeling and related gene expression in late-gestation fetal sheep. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:689-696. [PMID: 24614802 PMCID: PMC4251591 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates fetal heart growth, although little is known regarding changes in cardiomyocyte endowment or the molecular pathways mediating the response. We measured cardiomyocyte proliferation and morphology in ANG II-treated fetal sheep and assessed transcriptional pathway responses in ANG II and losartan (an ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist) treated fetuses. METHODS In twin-gestation pregnant sheep, one fetus received ANG II (50 μg/kg/min i.v.) or losartan (20 mg/kg/d i.v.) for 7 d; noninstrumented twins served as controls. RESULTS ANG II produced increases in heart mass, cardiomyocyte area (left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle mononucleated and LV binucleated cells), and the percentage of Ki-67-positive mononucleated cells in the LV (all P < 0.05). ANG II and losartan produced generally opposing changes in gene expression, affecting an estimated 55% of the represented transcriptome. The most prominent significantly affected biological pathways included those involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and cell cycle activity. CONCLUSION ANG II produces an increase in fetal cardiac mass via cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and likely hyperplasia, involving transcriptional responses in cytoskeletal remodeling and cell cycle pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy M. Bahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas D. Scholz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily S. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ken A. Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Corresponding Author: Jeffrey L. Segar, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Children's Hospital 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 319.356.7244 (phone) 319.356.4685 (facsimile)
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Abstract
Many aspects of skeletal muscle biology are remarkably similar between mammals and tiny insects, and experimental models of mice and flies (Drosophila) provide powerful tools to understand factors controlling the growth, maintenance, degeneration (atrophy and necrosis), and regeneration of normal and diseased muscles, with potential applications to the human condition. This review compares the limb muscles of mice and the indirect flight muscles of flies, with respect to the mechanisms of adult myofiber formation, homeostasis, atrophy, hypertrophy, and the response to muscle degeneration, with some comment on myogenic precursor cells and common gene regulatory pathways. There is a striking similarity between the species for events related to muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, without contribution of any myoblast fusion. Since the flight muscles of adult flies lack a population of reserve myogenic cells (equivalent to satellite cells), this indicates that such cells are not required for maintenance of normal muscle function. However, since satellite cells are essential in postnatal mammals for myogenesis and regeneration in response to myofiber necrosis, the extent to which such regeneration might be possible in flight muscles of adult flies remains unclear. Common cellular and molecular pathways for both species are outlined related to neuromuscular disorders and to age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The commonality of events related to skeletal muscles in these disparate species (with vast differences in size, growth duration, longevity, and muscle activities) emphasizes the combined value and power of these experimental animal models.
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18
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Clark KA, Kadrmas JL. Drosophila melanogaster muscle LIM protein and alpha-actinin function together to stabilize muscle cytoarchitecture: a potential role for Mlp84B in actin-crosslinking. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:304-16. [PMID: 23606669 PMCID: PMC3716849 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of tissue architecture during development and growth is essential to maintain structural integrity. Because of its contractile nature, muscle is especially susceptible to physiological stresses, and has multiple mechanisms to maintain structural integrity. The Drosophila melanogaster Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), Mlp84B, participates in muscle maintenance, yet its precise mechanism of action is still controversial. Through a candidate approach, we identified α-actinin as a protein that functions with Mlp84B to ensure muscle integrity. α-actinin RNAi animals die primarily as pupae, and Mlp84B RNAi animals are adult viable. RNAi knockdown of Mlp84B and α-actinin together produces synergistic early larval lethality and destabilization of Z-line structures. We recapitulated these phenotypes using combinations of traditional loss-of-function alleles and single-gene RNAi. We observe that Mlp84B induces the formation of actin loops in muscle cell nuclei in the absence of nuclear α-actinin, suggesting Mlp84B has intrinsic actin cross-linking activity, which may complement α-actinin cross-linking activity at sites of actin filament anchorage. These results reveal a molecular mechanism for MLP stabilization of muscle and implicate reduced actin crosslinking as the primary destabilizing defect in MLP-associated cardiomyopathies. Our data support a model in which α-actinin and Mlp84B have important and overlapping functions at sites of actin filament anchorage to preserve muscle structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Clark
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Julie L. Kadrmas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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19
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Pronovost SM, Beckerle MC, Kadrmas JL. Elevated expression of the integrin-associated protein PINCH suppresses the defects of Drosophila melanogaster muscle hypercontraction mutants. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003406. [PMID: 23555310 PMCID: PMC3610608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of human diseases arise from mutations that alter muscle contraction. Evolutionary conservation allows genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster to be used to better understand these myopathies and suggest novel therapeutic strategies. Integrin-mediated adhesion is required to support muscle structure and function, and expression of Integrin adhesive complex (IAC) proteins is modulated to adapt to varying levels of mechanical stress within muscle. Mutations in flapwing (flw), a catalytic subunit of myosin phosphatase, result in non-muscle myosin hyperphosphorylation, as well as muscle hypercontraction, defects in size, motility, muscle attachment, and subsequent larval and pupal lethality. We find that moderately elevated expression of the IAC protein PINCH significantly rescues flw phenotypes. Rescue requires PINCH be bound to its partners, Integrin-linked kinase and Ras suppressor 1. Rescue is not achieved through dephosphorylation of non-muscle myosin, suggesting a mechanism in which elevated PINCH expression strengthens integrin adhesion. In support of this, elevated expression of PINCH rescues an independent muscle hypercontraction mutant in muscle myosin heavy chain, MhcSamba1. By testing a panel of IAC proteins, we show specificity for PINCH expression in the rescue of hypercontraction mutants. These data are consistent with a model in which PINCH is present in limiting quantities within IACs, with increasing PINCH expression reinforcing existing adhesions or allowing for the de novo assembly of new adhesion complexes. Moreover, in myopathies that exhibit hypercontraction, strategic PINCH expression may have therapeutic potential in preserving muscle structure and function. A wide variety of diseases of the muscle are caused by mutations that alter either the actin and myosin contractile machinery or its regulation. One class of mutations of interest results in hypercontraction of the muscle—actin and myosin fibers contract, but cannot efficiently relax. We have used the fruit fly as a model to study these mutations because of the striking similarity of fly and human muscle and because of the many genetic techniques that are available in the fly. Using a genetic approach we identified a protein, PINCH, whose increased expression can rescue the defects observed in hypercontraction mutants. PINCH is a component of integrin adhesion complexes, responsible for anchoring cells in their environment. This suggests that strengthening the anchorage of muscles via PINCH may be an effective strategy to prevent or reduce the muscle damage that occurs in diseases of muscle hypercontraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Pronovost
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Departments of Biology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Beckerle
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Departments of Biology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Julie L. Kadrmas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Departments of Biology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Stress and muscular dystrophy: a genetic screen for dystroglycan and dystrophin interactors in Drosophila identifies cellular stress response components. Dev Biol 2011; 352:228-42. [PMID: 21256839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila, like in humans, Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) deficiencies cause a life span shortening disease, associated with muscle dysfunction. We performed the first in vivo genetic interaction screen in ageing dystrophic muscles and identified genes that have not been shown before to have a role in the development of muscular dystrophy and interact with dystrophin and/or dystroglycan. Mutations in many of the found interacting genes cause age-dependent morphological and heat-induced physiological defects in muscles, suggesting their importance in the tissue. Majority of them is phylogenetically conserved and implicated in human disorders, mainly tumors and myopathies. Functionally they can be divided into three main categories: proteins involved in communication between muscle and neuron, and interestingly, in mechanical and cellular stress response pathways. Our data show that stress induces muscle degeneration and accelerates age-dependent muscular dystrophy. Dystrophic muscles are already compromised; and as a consequence they are less adaptive and more sensitive to energetic stress and to changes in the ambient temperature. However, only dystroglycan, but not dystrophin deficiency causes extreme myodegeneration induced by energetic stress suggesting that dystroglycan might be a component of the low-energy pathway and act as a transducer of energetic stress in normal and dystrophic muscles.
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21
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Bulchand S, Menon SD, George SE, Chia W. Muscle wasted: a novel component of the Drosophila histone locus body required for muscle integrity. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2697-707. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.063172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles arise by cellular differentiation and regulated gene expression. Terminal differentiation programmes such as muscle growth, extension and attachment to the epidermis, lead to maturation of the muscles. These events require changes in chromatin organization as genes are differentially regulated. Here, we identify and characterise muscle wasted (mute), a novel component of the Drosophila histone locus body (HLB). We demonstrate that a mutation in mute leads to severe loss of muscle mass and an increase in levels of normal histone transcripts. Importantly, Drosophila Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2), a central myogenic differentiation factor, and how, an RNA binding protein required for muscle and tendon cell differentiation, are downregulated. Mef2 targets are, in turn, misregulated. Notably, the degenerating muscles in mute mutants show aberrant localisation of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). We further show a genetic interaction between mute and the Stem-loop binding protein (Slbp) and a loss of muscle striations in Lsm11 mutants. These data demonstrate a novel role of HLB components and histone processing factors in the maintenance of muscle integrity. We speculate that mute regulates terminal muscle differentiation possibly through heterochromatic reorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarada Bulchand
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore
| | - Sree Devi Menon
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore
| | - Simi Elizabeth George
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore
| | - William Chia
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore
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22
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Drosophila as a lipotoxicity model organism — more than a promise? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Ervasti JM, Sonnemann KJ. Biology of the striated muscle dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2008; 265:191-225. [PMID: 18275889 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)65005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since its first description in 1990, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex has emerged as a critical nexus for human muscular dystrophies arising from defects in a variety of distinct genes. Studies in mammals widely support a primary role for the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in mechanical stabilization of the plasma membrane in striated muscle and provide hints for secondary functions in organizing molecules involved in cellular signaling. Studies in model organisms confirm the importance of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex for muscle cell viability and have provided new leads toward a full understanding of its secondary roles in muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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24
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Mattaliano MD, Montana ES, Parisky KM, Littleton JT, Griffith LC. The Drosophila ARC homolog regulates behavioral responses to starvation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007; 36:211-21. [PMID: 17707655 PMCID: PMC2094000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding dARC1, one of three Drosophila homologs of mammalian activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC), is upregulated in both seizure and muscular hypercontraction mutants. In this study we generate a null mutant for dArc1 and show that this gene is not involved in synaptic plasticity at the larval neuromuscular junction or in formation or decay of short-term memory of courtship conditioning, but rather is a modifier of stress-induced behavior. dARC1 is expressed in a number of neurosecretory cells and mutants are starvation-resistant, exhibiting an increased time of survival in the absence of food. Starvation resistance is likely due to the fact that dArc1 mutants lack the normal hyperlocomotor response to starvation, which is almost universal in the animal kingdom. dARC1 acts in insulin-producing neurons of the pars intercerebralis to control this behavior, but does not appear to be a general regulator of insulin signaling. This suggests that there are multiple modes of communication between the pars and the ring gland that control starvation-induced behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Mattaliano
- Department of Biology and National Center for Behavior Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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25
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Clark KA, Bland JM, Beckerle MC. The Drosophila muscle LIM protein, Mlp84B, cooperates with D-titin to maintain muscle structural integrity. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2066-77. [PMID: 17535853 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle LIM protein (MLP) is a cytoskeletal LIM-only protein expressed in striated muscle. Mutations in human MLP are associated with cardiomyopathy; however, the molecular mechanism by which MLP functions is not established. A Drosophila MLP homolog, mlp84B, displays many of the same features as the vertebrate protein, illustrating the utility of the fly for the study of MLP function. Animals lacking Mlp84B develop into larvae with a morphologically intact musculature, but the mutants arrest during pupation with impaired muscle function. Mlp84B displays muscle-specific expression and is a component of the Z-disc and nucleus. Preventing nuclear retention of Mlp84B does not affect its function, indicating that Mlp84B site of action is likely to be at the Z-disc. Within the Z-disc, Mlp84B is colocalized with the N-terminus of D-titin, a protein crucial for sarcomere organization and stretch mechanics. The mlp84B mutants phenotypically resemble weak D-titin mutants. Furthermore, reducing D-titin activity in the mlp84B background leads to pronounced enhancement of the mlp84B muscle defects and loss of muscle structural integrity. The genetic interactions between mlp84B and D-titin reveal a role for Mlp84B in maintaining muscle structural integrity that was not obvious from analysis of the mlp84B mutants themselves, and suggest Mlp84B and D-titin cooperate to stabilize muscle sarcomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Clark
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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